[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164385},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method":3,"nav-reference":2617},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2610,"extension":2611,"meta":2612,"navigation":357,"path":2613,"seo":2614,"stem":2615,"__hash__":2616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2566},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,32,37,154,161,168,173,193,206,214,218,243,248,261,270,274,281,285,288,370,373,422,425,443,450,457,462,538,540,587,590,601,604,730,732,785,792,796,799,819,825,829,934,936,989,996,1000,1006,1009,1012,1039,1044,1048,1051,1160,1162,1207,1210,1213,1219,1224,1235,1238,1302,1364,1371,1379,1385,1390,1395,1458,1462,1533,1536,1540,1611,1614,1627,1638,1642,1647,1651,1722,1724,1761,1764,1767,1830,1837,1840,1882,1893,1896,1965,1972,1977,2066,2068,2117,2124,2130,2177,2179,2212,2217,2221,2227,2267,2311,2379,2426,2430,2437,2440,2444,2449,2453,2456,2460,2462,2523,2527,2557,2562],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"fromkeys()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,27,28],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,30,31],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"quick-example","Quick example",[38,39,44],"pre",{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n","python","",[15,45,46,96,133,147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48,51,55,59,63,67,71,73,76,79,82,84,86,88,91,93],"span",{"class":49,"line":50},"line",1,[47,52,54],{"class":53},"su5hD","keys ",[47,56,58],{"class":57},"smGrS","=",[47,60,62],{"class":61},"sP7_E"," [",[47,64,66],{"class":65},"sjJ54","\"",[47,68,70],{"class":69},"s_sjI","name",[47,72,66],{"class":65},[47,74,75],{"class":61},",",[47,77,78],{"class":65}," \"",[47,80,81],{"class":69},"age",[47,83,66],{"class":65},[47,85,75],{"class":61},[47,87,78],{"class":65},[47,89,90],{"class":69},"city",[47,92,66],{"class":65},[47,94,95],{"class":61},"]\n",[47,97,99,102,104,108,111,115,118,121,123,125,128,130],{"class":49,"line":98},2,[47,100,101],{"class":53},"person ",[47,103,58],{"class":57},[47,105,107],{"class":106},"sZMiF"," dict",[47,109,110],{"class":61},".",[47,112,114],{"class":113},"slqww","fromkeys",[47,116,117],{"class":61},"(",[47,119,120],{"class":113},"keys",[47,122,75],{"class":61},[47,124,78],{"class":65},[47,126,127],{"class":69},"unknown",[47,129,66],{"class":65},[47,131,132],{"class":61},")\n",[47,134,136,140,142,145],{"class":49,"line":135},3,[47,137,139],{"class":138},"sptTA","print",[47,141,117],{"class":61},[47,143,144],{"class":113},"person",[47,146,132],{"class":61},[47,148,150],{"class":49,"line":149},4,[47,151,153],{"class":152},"sutJx","# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,155,156,157,160],{},"Use ",[15,158,159],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[33,162,164,165,167],{"id":163},"what-dictfromkeys-does","What ",[15,166,24],{}," does",[20,169,170,172],{},[15,171,24],{},":",[174,175,176,180,183,186],"ul",{},[177,178,179],"li",{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[177,181,182],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[177,184,185],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[177,187,188,189,192],{},"Is called as ",[15,190,191],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,194,195,196,199,200,202,203,110],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,197,198],{},"dict",", so you write ",[15,201,191],{}," instead of something like ",[15,204,205],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,207,208,209,110],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[210,211,213],"a",{"href":212},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained","Python dictionaries explained",[33,215,217],{"id":216},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[38,219,221],{"className":40,"code":220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,222,223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,224,225,227,229,231,233,236,238,241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,226,198],{"class":106},[47,228,110],{"class":61},[47,230,114],{"class":113},[47,232,117],{"class":61},[47,234,235],{"class":113},"iterable",[47,237,75],{"class":61},[47,239,240],{"class":113}," value",[47,242,132],{"class":61},[244,245,247],"h3",{"id":246},"parameters","Parameters",[174,249,250,255],{},[177,251,252,254],{},[15,253,235],{},": the keys to use",[177,256,257,260],{},[15,258,259],{},"value",": optional starting value for every key",[20,262,263,264,266,267,110],{},"If you leave out ",[15,265,259],{},", each key gets ",[15,268,269],{},"None",[244,271,273],{"id":272},"return-value","Return value",[20,275,276,277,110],{},"It returns a ",[278,279,280],"strong",{},"new dictionary",[33,282,284],{"id":283},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,286,287],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[38,289,291],{"className":40,"code":290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,292,293,328,353,359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,294,295,297,299,301,303,306,308,310,312,315,317,319,321,324,326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,296,54],{"class":53},[47,298,58],{"class":57},[47,300,62],{"class":61},[47,302,66],{"class":65},[47,304,305],{"class":69},"red",[47,307,66],{"class":65},[47,309,75],{"class":61},[47,311,78],{"class":65},[47,313,314],{"class":69},"green",[47,316,66],{"class":65},[47,318,75],{"class":61},[47,320,78],{"class":65},[47,322,323],{"class":69},"blue",[47,325,66],{"class":65},[47,327,95],{"class":61},[47,329,330,333,335,337,339,341,343,345,347,351],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,331,332],{"class":53},"colors ",[47,334,58],{"class":57},[47,336,107],{"class":106},[47,338,110],{"class":61},[47,340,114],{"class":113},[47,342,117],{"class":61},[47,344,120],{"class":113},[47,346,75],{"class":61},[47,348,350],{"class":349},"srdBf"," 0",[47,352,132],{"class":61},[47,354,355],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,356,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},true,"\n",[47,360,361,363,365,368],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,362,139],{"class":138},[47,364,117],{"class":61},[47,366,367],{"class":113},"colors",[47,369,132],{"class":61},[20,371,372],{},"Output:",[38,374,376],{"className":40,"code":375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,377,378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,379,380,383,386,388,390,392,394,396,399,401,403,405,407,409,411,413,415,417,419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,381,382],{"class":61},"{",[47,384,385],{"class":65},"'",[47,387,305],{"class":69},[47,389,385],{"class":65},[47,391,172],{"class":61},[47,393,350],{"class":349},[47,395,75],{"class":61},[47,397,398],{"class":65}," '",[47,400,314],{"class":69},[47,402,385],{"class":65},[47,404,172],{"class":61},[47,406,350],{"class":349},[47,408,75],{"class":61},[47,410,398],{"class":65},[47,412,323],{"class":69},[47,414,385],{"class":65},[47,416,172],{"class":61},[47,418,350],{"class":349},[47,420,421],{"class":61},"}\n",[20,423,424],{},"What happens here:",[174,426,427,432,438],{},[177,428,429,431],{},[15,430,120],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[177,433,434,437],{},[15,435,436],{},"0"," is used as the starting value for every key",[177,439,440,442],{},[15,441,24],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,444,445,446,110],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[210,447,449],{"href":448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","creating a dictionary in Python",[33,451,453,454,456],{"id":452},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value","Using ",[15,455,17],{}," without a value",[20,458,459,460,110],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,461,269],{},[38,463,465],{"className":40,"code":464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,466,467,503,523,527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,468,469,472,474,476,478,481,483,485,487,490,492,494,496,499,501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,470,471],{"class":53},"fields ",[47,473,58],{"class":57},[47,475,62],{"class":61},[47,477,66],{"class":65},[47,479,480],{"class":69},"username",[47,482,66],{"class":65},[47,484,75],{"class":61},[47,486,78],{"class":65},[47,488,489],{"class":69},"email",[47,491,66],{"class":65},[47,493,75],{"class":61},[47,495,78],{"class":65},[47,497,498],{"class":69},"password",[47,500,66],{"class":65},[47,502,95],{"class":61},[47,504,505,508,510,512,514,516,518,521],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,506,507],{"class":53},"user_data ",[47,509,58],{"class":57},[47,511,107],{"class":106},[47,513,110],{"class":61},[47,515,114],{"class":113},[47,517,117],{"class":61},[47,519,520],{"class":113},"fields",[47,522,132],{"class":61},[47,524,525],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,526,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,528,529,531,533,536],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,530,139],{"class":138},[47,532,117],{"class":61},[47,534,535],{"class":113},"user_data",[47,537,132],{"class":61},[20,539,372],{},[38,541,543],{"className":40,"code":542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,544,545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,546,547,549,551,553,555,557,561,563,565,567,569,571,573,575,577,579,581,583,585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,548,382],{"class":61},[47,550,385],{"class":65},[47,552,480],{"class":69},[47,554,385],{"class":65},[47,556,172],{"class":61},[47,558,560],{"class":559},"s39Yj"," None",[47,562,75],{"class":61},[47,564,398],{"class":65},[47,566,489],{"class":69},[47,568,385],{"class":65},[47,570,172],{"class":61},[47,572,560],{"class":559},[47,574,75],{"class":61},[47,576,398],{"class":65},[47,578,498],{"class":69},[47,580,385],{"class":65},[47,582,172],{"class":61},[47,584,560],{"class":559},[47,586,421],{"class":61},[20,588,589],{},"This is useful when:",[174,591,592,595,598],{},[177,593,594],{},"You want to create the keys first",[177,596,597],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[177,599,600],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,602,603],{},"Example:",[38,605,607],{"className":40,"code":606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,608,609,641,659,663,690,714,719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,610,611,613,615,617,619,621,623,625,627,629,631,633,635,637,639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,612,471],{"class":53},[47,614,58],{"class":57},[47,616,62],{"class":61},[47,618,66],{"class":65},[47,620,480],{"class":69},[47,622,66],{"class":65},[47,624,75],{"class":61},[47,626,78],{"class":65},[47,628,489],{"class":69},[47,630,66],{"class":65},[47,632,75],{"class":61},[47,634,78],{"class":65},[47,636,498],{"class":69},[47,638,66],{"class":65},[47,640,95],{"class":61},[47,642,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,657],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,644,507],{"class":53},[47,646,58],{"class":57},[47,648,107],{"class":106},[47,650,110],{"class":61},[47,652,114],{"class":113},[47,654,117],{"class":61},[47,656,520],{"class":113},[47,658,132],{"class":61},[47,660,661],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,662,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,664,665,667,670,672,674,676,679,682,684,687],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,666,535],{"class":53},[47,668,669],{"class":61},"[",[47,671,66],{"class":65},[47,673,480],{"class":69},[47,675,66],{"class":65},[47,677,678],{"class":61},"]",[47,680,681],{"class":57}," =",[47,683,78],{"class":65},[47,685,686],{"class":69},"alice",[47,688,689],{"class":65},"\"\n",[47,691,693,695,697,699,701,703,705,707,709,712],{"class":49,"line":692},5,[47,694,535],{"class":53},[47,696,669],{"class":61},[47,698,66],{"class":65},[47,700,489],{"class":69},[47,702,66],{"class":65},[47,704,678],{"class":61},[47,706,681],{"class":57},[47,708,78],{"class":65},[47,710,711],{"class":69},"alice@example.com",[47,713,689],{"class":65},[47,715,717],{"class":49,"line":716},6,[47,718,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,720,722,724,726,728],{"class":49,"line":721},7,[47,723,139],{"class":138},[47,725,117],{"class":61},[47,727,535],{"class":113},[47,729,132],{"class":61},[20,731,372],{},[38,733,735],{"className":40,"code":734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,736,737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,738,739,741,743,745,747,749,751,753,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769,771,773,775,777,779,781,783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,740,382],{"class":61},[47,742,385],{"class":65},[47,744,480],{"class":69},[47,746,385],{"class":65},[47,748,172],{"class":61},[47,750,398],{"class":65},[47,752,686],{"class":69},[47,754,385],{"class":65},[47,756,75],{"class":61},[47,758,398],{"class":65},[47,760,489],{"class":69},[47,762,385],{"class":65},[47,764,172],{"class":61},[47,766,398],{"class":65},[47,768,711],{"class":69},[47,770,385],{"class":65},[47,772,75],{"class":61},[47,774,398],{"class":65},[47,776,498],{"class":69},[47,778,385],{"class":65},[47,780,172],{"class":61},[47,782,560],{"class":559},[47,784,421],{"class":61},[20,786,787,788,110],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[210,789,791],{"href":790},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,793,795],{"id":794},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,797,798],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[174,800,801,807,813],{},[177,802,803,806],{},[15,804,805],{},"[]"," (list)",[177,808,809,812],{},[15,810,811],{},"{}"," (dictionary)",[177,814,815,818],{},[15,816,817],{},"set()"," (set)",[20,820,821,822,110],{},"All keys will point to the ",[278,823,824],{},"same object",[244,826,828],{"id":827},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[38,830,832],{"className":40,"code":831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,833,834,868,890,894,920,924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,835,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852,855,857,859,861,864,866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,837,54],{"class":53},[47,839,58],{"class":57},[47,841,62],{"class":61},[47,843,66],{"class":65},[47,845,210],{"class":69},[47,847,66],{"class":65},[47,849,75],{"class":61},[47,851,78],{"class":65},[47,853,854],{"class":69},"b",[47,856,66],{"class":65},[47,858,75],{"class":61},[47,860,78],{"class":65},[47,862,863],{"class":69},"c",[47,865,66],{"class":65},[47,867,95],{"class":61},[47,869,870,873,875,877,879,881,883,885,887],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,871,872],{"class":53},"data ",[47,874,58],{"class":57},[47,876,107],{"class":106},[47,878,110],{"class":61},[47,880,114],{"class":113},[47,882,117],{"class":61},[47,884,120],{"class":113},[47,886,75],{"class":61},[47,888,889],{"class":61}," [])\n",[47,891,892],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,893,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,895,896,899,901,903,905,907,910,913,915,918],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,897,898],{"class":53},"data",[47,900,669],{"class":61},[47,902,66],{"class":65},[47,904,210],{"class":69},[47,906,66],{"class":65},[47,908,909],{"class":61},"].",[47,911,912],{"class":113},"append",[47,914,117],{"class":61},[47,916,917],{"class":349},"1",[47,919,132],{"class":61},[47,921,922],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,923,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,925,926,928,930,932],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,927,139],{"class":138},[47,929,117],{"class":61},[47,931,898],{"class":113},[47,933,132],{"class":61},[20,935,372],{},[38,937,939],{"className":40,"code":938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,940,941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,942,943,945,947,949,951,953,955,957,960,962,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978,980,982,984,986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,944,382],{"class":61},[47,946,385],{"class":65},[47,948,210],{"class":69},[47,950,385],{"class":65},[47,952,172],{"class":61},[47,954,62],{"class":61},[47,956,917],{"class":349},[47,958,959],{"class":61},"],",[47,961,398],{"class":65},[47,963,854],{"class":69},[47,965,385],{"class":65},[47,967,172],{"class":61},[47,969,62],{"class":61},[47,971,917],{"class":349},[47,973,959],{"class":61},[47,975,398],{"class":65},[47,977,863],{"class":69},[47,979,385],{"class":65},[47,981,172],{"class":61},[47,983,62],{"class":61},[47,985,917],{"class":349},[47,987,988],{"class":61},"]}\n",[20,990,991,992,995],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,993,994],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[244,997,999],{"id":998},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,1001,1002,1005],{},[15,1003,1004],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,1007,1008],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,1010,1011],{},"So this:",[38,1013,1015],{"className":40,"code":1014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,1016,1017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1018,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1020,898],{"class":53},[47,1022,669],{"class":61},[47,1024,66],{"class":65},[47,1026,210],{"class":69},[47,1028,66],{"class":65},[47,1030,909],{"class":61},[47,1032,912],{"class":113},[47,1034,117],{"class":61},[47,1036,917],{"class":349},[47,1038,132],{"class":61},[20,1040,1041,1042,110],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,1043,994],{},[244,1045,1047],{"id":1046},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,1049,1050],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[38,1052,1054],{"className":40,"code":1053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,1055,1056,1088,1120,1124,1146,1150],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1057,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1059,54],{"class":53},[47,1061,58],{"class":57},[47,1063,62],{"class":61},[47,1065,66],{"class":65},[47,1067,210],{"class":69},[47,1069,66],{"class":65},[47,1071,75],{"class":61},[47,1073,78],{"class":65},[47,1075,854],{"class":69},[47,1077,66],{"class":65},[47,1079,75],{"class":61},[47,1081,78],{"class":65},[47,1083,863],{"class":69},[47,1085,66],{"class":65},[47,1087,95],{"class":61},[47,1089,1090,1092,1094,1097,1100,1102,1105,1109,1112,1115,1118],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1091,872],{"class":53},[47,1093,58],{"class":57},[47,1095,1096],{"class":61}," {",[47,1098,1099],{"class":53},"key",[47,1101,172],{"class":61},[47,1103,1104],{"class":61}," []",[47,1106,1108],{"class":1107},"sVHd0"," for",[47,1110,1111],{"class":53}," key ",[47,1113,1114],{"class":1107},"in",[47,1116,1117],{"class":53}," keys",[47,1119,421],{"class":61},[47,1121,1122],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,1123,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,1125,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,1127,898],{"class":53},[47,1129,669],{"class":61},[47,1131,66],{"class":65},[47,1133,210],{"class":69},[47,1135,66],{"class":65},[47,1137,909],{"class":61},[47,1139,912],{"class":113},[47,1141,117],{"class":61},[47,1143,917],{"class":349},[47,1145,132],{"class":61},[47,1147,1148],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,1149,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,1151,1152,1154,1156,1158],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,1153,139],{"class":138},[47,1155,117],{"class":61},[47,1157,898],{"class":113},[47,1159,132],{"class":61},[20,1161,372],{},[38,1163,1165],{"className":40,"code":1164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,1166,1167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1168,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1170,382],{"class":61},[47,1172,385],{"class":65},[47,1174,210],{"class":69},[47,1176,385],{"class":65},[47,1178,172],{"class":61},[47,1180,62],{"class":61},[47,1182,917],{"class":349},[47,1184,959],{"class":61},[47,1186,398],{"class":65},[47,1188,854],{"class":69},[47,1190,385],{"class":65},[47,1192,172],{"class":61},[47,1194,1195],{"class":61}," [],",[47,1197,398],{"class":65},[47,1199,863],{"class":69},[47,1201,385],{"class":65},[47,1203,172],{"class":61},[47,1205,1206],{"class":61}," []}\n",[20,1208,1209],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,1211,1212],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[33,1214,1216,1217],{"id":1215},"when-to-use-fromkeys","When to use ",[15,1218,17],{},[20,1220,1221,1223],{},[15,1222,24],{}," is a good choice when:",[174,1225,1226,1229,1232],{},[177,1227,1228],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[177,1230,1231],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[177,1233,1234],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,1236,1237],{},"Examples:",[38,1239,1241],{"className":40,"code":1240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,1242,1243,1291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1244,1245,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1259,1261,1264,1266,1268,1270,1273,1275,1277,1279,1282,1284,1286,1289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1246,1247],{"class":53},"flags ",[47,1249,58],{"class":57},[47,1251,107],{"class":106},[47,1253,110],{"class":61},[47,1255,114],{"class":113},[47,1257,1258],{"class":61},"([",[47,1260,66],{"class":65},[47,1262,1263],{"class":69},"is_admin",[47,1265,66],{"class":65},[47,1267,75],{"class":61},[47,1269,78],{"class":65},[47,1271,1272],{"class":69},"is_active",[47,1274,66],{"class":65},[47,1276,75],{"class":61},[47,1278,78],{"class":65},[47,1280,1281],{"class":69},"is_verified",[47,1283,66],{"class":65},[47,1285,959],{"class":61},[47,1287,1288],{"class":559}," False",[47,1290,132],{"class":61},[47,1292,1293,1295,1297,1300],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1294,139],{"class":138},[47,1296,117],{"class":61},[47,1298,1299],{"class":113},"flags",[47,1301,132],{"class":61},[38,1303,1305],{"className":40,"code":1304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,1306,1307,1353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1308,1309,1312,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1327,1329,1331,1333,1336,1338,1340,1342,1345,1347,1349,1351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1310,1311],{"class":53},"scores ",[47,1313,58],{"class":57},[47,1315,107],{"class":106},[47,1317,110],{"class":61},[47,1319,114],{"class":113},[47,1321,1258],{"class":61},[47,1323,66],{"class":65},[47,1325,1326],{"class":69},"math",[47,1328,66],{"class":65},[47,1330,75],{"class":61},[47,1332,78],{"class":65},[47,1334,1335],{"class":69},"science",[47,1337,66],{"class":65},[47,1339,75],{"class":61},[47,1341,78],{"class":65},[47,1343,1344],{"class":69},"history",[47,1346,66],{"class":65},[47,1348,959],{"class":61},[47,1350,350],{"class":349},[47,1352,132],{"class":61},[47,1354,1355,1357,1359,1362],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1356,139],{"class":138},[47,1358,117],{"class":61},[47,1360,1361],{"class":113},"scores",[47,1363,132],{"class":61},[20,1365,1366,1367,1370],{},"It is ",[278,1368,1369],{},"not"," the best choice when:",[174,1372,1373,1376],{},[177,1374,1375],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[177,1377,1378],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[33,1380,1382,1384],{"id":1381},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,1383,17],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,1386,1387,1389],{},[15,1388,17],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[244,1391,453,1393],{"id":1392},"using-fromkeys",[15,1394,17],{},[38,1396,1398],{"className":40,"code":1397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,1399,1400,1447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1401,1402,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1420,1422,1424,1426,1429,1431,1433,1435,1438,1440,1442,1445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1403,1404],{"class":53},"settings ",[47,1406,58],{"class":57},[47,1408,107],{"class":106},[47,1410,110],{"class":61},[47,1412,114],{"class":113},[47,1414,1258],{"class":61},[47,1416,66],{"class":65},[47,1418,1419],{"class":69},"sound",[47,1421,66],{"class":65},[47,1423,75],{"class":61},[47,1425,78],{"class":65},[47,1427,1428],{"class":69},"music",[47,1430,66],{"class":65},[47,1432,75],{"class":61},[47,1434,78],{"class":65},[47,1436,1437],{"class":69},"notifications",[47,1439,66],{"class":65},[47,1441,959],{"class":61},[47,1443,1444],{"class":559}," True",[47,1446,132],{"class":61},[47,1448,1449,1451,1453,1456],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1450,139],{"class":138},[47,1452,117],{"class":61},[47,1454,1455],{"class":113},"settings",[47,1457,132],{"class":61},[244,1459,1461],{"id":1460},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[38,1463,1465],{"className":40,"code":1464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,1466,1467,1476,1492,1506,1519,1523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1468,1469,1471,1473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1470,1404],{"class":53},[47,1472,58],{"class":57},[47,1474,1475],{"class":61}," {\n",[47,1477,1478,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1479,1480],{"class":65},"    \"",[47,1482,1419],{"class":69},[47,1484,66],{"class":65},[47,1486,172],{"class":61},[47,1488,1444],{"class":559},[47,1490,1491],{"class":61},",\n",[47,1493,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,1495,1480],{"class":65},[47,1497,1428],{"class":69},[47,1499,66],{"class":65},[47,1501,172],{"class":61},[47,1503,1288],{"class":559},[47,1505,1491],{"class":61},[47,1507,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,1509,1480],{"class":65},[47,1511,1437],{"class":69},[47,1513,66],{"class":65},[47,1515,172],{"class":61},[47,1517,1518],{"class":559}," True\n",[47,1520,1521],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,1522,421],{"class":61},[47,1524,1525,1527,1529,1531],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,1526,139],{"class":138},[47,1528,117],{"class":61},[47,1530,1455],{"class":113},[47,1532,132],{"class":61},[20,1534,1535],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[244,1537,1539],{"id":1538},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[38,1541,1543],{"className":40,"code":1542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,1544,1545,1577,1601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1546,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1548,54],{"class":53},[47,1550,58],{"class":57},[47,1552,62],{"class":61},[47,1554,66],{"class":65},[47,1556,210],{"class":69},[47,1558,66],{"class":65},[47,1560,75],{"class":61},[47,1562,78],{"class":65},[47,1564,854],{"class":69},[47,1566,66],{"class":65},[47,1568,75],{"class":61},[47,1570,78],{"class":65},[47,1572,863],{"class":69},[47,1574,66],{"class":65},[47,1576,95],{"class":61},[47,1578,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1580,872],{"class":53},[47,1582,58],{"class":57},[47,1584,1096],{"class":61},[47,1586,1099],{"class":53},[47,1588,172],{"class":61},[47,1590,1104],{"class":61},[47,1592,1108],{"class":1107},[47,1594,1111],{"class":53},[47,1596,1114],{"class":1107},[47,1598,1117],{"class":53},[47,1600,421],{"class":61},[47,1602,1603,1605,1607,1609],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,1604,139],{"class":138},[47,1606,117],{"class":61},[47,1608,898],{"class":113},[47,1610,132],{"class":61},[20,1612,1613],{},"Use:",[174,1615,1616,1621,1624],{},[177,1617,1618,1620],{},[15,1619,17],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[177,1622,1623],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[177,1625,1626],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,1628,1629,1630,110],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[210,1631,1633,1634,1637],{"href":1632},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","Python dictionary ",[15,1635,1636],{},"update()"," method",[33,1639,1641],{"id":1640},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1643,1644,1645,110],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1646,24],{},[244,1648,1650],{"id":1649},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[38,1652,1654],{"className":40,"code":1653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,1655,1656,1689,1712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1657,1658,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1659,1660],{"class":53},"d ",[47,1662,58],{"class":57},[47,1664,107],{"class":106},[47,1666,110],{"class":61},[47,1668,114],{"class":113},[47,1670,1258],{"class":61},[47,1672,66],{"class":65},[47,1674,210],{"class":69},[47,1676,66],{"class":65},[47,1678,75],{"class":61},[47,1680,78],{"class":65},[47,1682,854],{"class":69},[47,1684,66],{"class":65},[47,1686,959],{"class":61},[47,1688,889],{"class":61},[47,1690,1691,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1692,1693],{"class":53},"d",[47,1695,669],{"class":61},[47,1697,66],{"class":65},[47,1699,210],{"class":69},[47,1701,66],{"class":65},[47,1703,909],{"class":61},[47,1705,912],{"class":113},[47,1707,117],{"class":61},[47,1709,917],{"class":349},[47,1711,132],{"class":61},[47,1713,1714,1716,1718,1720],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,1715,139],{"class":138},[47,1717,117],{"class":61},[47,1719,1693],{"class":113},[47,1721,132],{"class":61},[20,1723,372],{},[38,1725,1727],{"className":40,"code":1726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,1728,1729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1730,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1732,382],{"class":61},[47,1734,385],{"class":65},[47,1736,210],{"class":69},[47,1738,385],{"class":65},[47,1740,172],{"class":61},[47,1742,62],{"class":61},[47,1744,917],{"class":349},[47,1746,959],{"class":61},[47,1748,398],{"class":65},[47,1750,854],{"class":69},[47,1752,385],{"class":65},[47,1754,172],{"class":61},[47,1756,62],{"class":61},[47,1758,917],{"class":349},[47,1760,988],{"class":61},[20,1762,1763],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,1765,1766],{},"Use this instead:",[38,1768,1770],{"className":40,"code":1769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,1771,1772,1796,1820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1773,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1775,54],{"class":53},[47,1777,58],{"class":57},[47,1779,62],{"class":61},[47,1781,66],{"class":65},[47,1783,210],{"class":69},[47,1785,66],{"class":65},[47,1787,75],{"class":61},[47,1789,78],{"class":65},[47,1791,854],{"class":69},[47,1793,66],{"class":65},[47,1795,95],{"class":61},[47,1797,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1799,1660],{"class":53},[47,1801,58],{"class":57},[47,1803,1096],{"class":61},[47,1805,1099],{"class":53},[47,1807,172],{"class":61},[47,1809,1104],{"class":61},[47,1811,1108],{"class":1107},[47,1813,1111],{"class":53},[47,1815,1114],{"class":1107},[47,1817,1117],{"class":53},[47,1819,421],{"class":61},[47,1821,1822,1824,1826,1828],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,1823,139],{"class":138},[47,1825,117],{"class":61},[47,1827,1693],{"class":113},[47,1829,132],{"class":61},[244,1831,1833,1834,1836],{"id":1832},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,1835,17],{}," on a list",[20,1838,1839],{},"Wrong idea:",[38,1841,1843],{"className":40,"code":1842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,1844,1845,1877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1846,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855,1857,1859,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1848,54],{"class":53},[47,1850,58],{"class":57},[47,1852,62],{"class":61},[47,1854,66],{"class":65},[47,1856,210],{"class":69},[47,1858,66],{"class":65},[47,1860,75],{"class":61},[47,1862,78],{"class":65},[47,1864,854],{"class":69},[47,1866,66],{"class":65},[47,1868,75],{"class":61},[47,1870,78],{"class":65},[47,1872,863],{"class":69},[47,1874,66],{"class":65},[47,1876,95],{"class":61},[47,1878,1879],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1880,1881],{"class":152},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,1883,1884,1886,1887,1889,1890,110],{},[15,1885,17],{}," belongs to ",[15,1888,198],{},", not ",[15,1891,1892],{},"list",[20,1894,1895],{},"Correct usage:",[38,1897,1899],{"className":40,"code":1898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,1900,1901,1933,1955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1902,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1904,54],{"class":53},[47,1906,58],{"class":57},[47,1908,62],{"class":61},[47,1910,66],{"class":65},[47,1912,210],{"class":69},[47,1914,66],{"class":65},[47,1916,75],{"class":61},[47,1918,78],{"class":65},[47,1920,854],{"class":69},[47,1922,66],{"class":65},[47,1924,75],{"class":61},[47,1926,78],{"class":65},[47,1928,863],{"class":69},[47,1930,66],{"class":65},[47,1932,95],{"class":61},[47,1934,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951,1953],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,1936,1660],{"class":53},[47,1938,58],{"class":57},[47,1940,107],{"class":106},[47,1942,110],{"class":61},[47,1944,114],{"class":113},[47,1946,117],{"class":61},[47,1948,120],{"class":113},[47,1950,75],{"class":61},[47,1952,350],{"class":349},[47,1954,132],{"class":61},[47,1956,1957,1959,1961,1963],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,1958,139],{"class":138},[47,1960,117],{"class":61},[47,1962,1693],{"class":113},[47,1964,132],{"class":61},[244,1966,1968,1969,1971],{"id":1967},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary","Expecting ",[15,1970,17],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,1973,1974,1976],{},[15,1975,24],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[38,1978,1980],{"className":40,"code":1979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,1981,1982,2005,2040,2044,2055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1983,1984,1987,1989,1991,1993,1996,1998,2000,2003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1985,1986],{"class":53},"original ",[47,1988,58],{"class":57},[47,1990,1096],{"class":61},[47,1992,66],{"class":65},[47,1994,1995],{"class":69},"x",[47,1997,66],{"class":65},[47,1999,172],{"class":61},[47,2001,2002],{"class":349}," 1",[47,2004,421],{"class":61},[47,2006,2007,2010,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024,2026,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2008,2009],{"class":53},"new_dict ",[47,2011,58],{"class":57},[47,2013,107],{"class":106},[47,2015,110],{"class":61},[47,2017,114],{"class":113},[47,2019,1258],{"class":61},[47,2021,66],{"class":65},[47,2023,210],{"class":69},[47,2025,66],{"class":65},[47,2027,75],{"class":61},[47,2029,78],{"class":65},[47,2031,854],{"class":69},[47,2033,66],{"class":65},[47,2035,959],{"class":61},[47,2037,350],{"class":349},[47,2039,132],{"class":61},[47,2041,2042],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,2043,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,2045,2046,2048,2050,2053],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,2047,139],{"class":138},[47,2049,117],{"class":61},[47,2051,2052],{"class":113},"original",[47,2054,132],{"class":61},[47,2056,2057,2059,2061,2064],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,2058,139],{"class":138},[47,2060,117],{"class":61},[47,2062,2063],{"class":113},"new_dict",[47,2065,132],{"class":61},[20,2067,372],{},[38,2069,2071],{"className":40,"code":2070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,2072,2073,2089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2074,2075,2077,2079,2081,2083,2085,2087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2076,382],{"class":61},[47,2078,385],{"class":65},[47,2080,1995],{"class":69},[47,2082,385],{"class":65},[47,2084,172],{"class":61},[47,2086,2002],{"class":349},[47,2088,421],{"class":61},[47,2090,2091,2093,2095,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2092,382],{"class":61},[47,2094,385],{"class":65},[47,2096,210],{"class":69},[47,2098,385],{"class":65},[47,2100,172],{"class":61},[47,2102,350],{"class":349},[47,2104,75],{"class":61},[47,2106,398],{"class":65},[47,2108,854],{"class":69},[47,2110,385],{"class":65},[47,2112,172],{"class":61},[47,2114,350],{"class":349},[47,2116,421],{"class":61},[20,2118,2119,2120,110],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[210,2121,1633,2122,1637],{"href":1632},[15,2123,1636],{},[244,2125,2127,2128],{"id":2126},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,2129,269],{},[38,2131,2133],{"className":40,"code":2132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,2134,2135,2167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2136,2137,2139,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2162,2164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2138,1660],{"class":53},[47,2140,58],{"class":57},[47,2142,107],{"class":106},[47,2144,110],{"class":61},[47,2146,114],{"class":113},[47,2148,1258],{"class":61},[47,2150,66],{"class":65},[47,2152,1995],{"class":69},[47,2154,66],{"class":65},[47,2156,75],{"class":61},[47,2158,78],{"class":65},[47,2160,2161],{"class":69},"y",[47,2163,66],{"class":65},[47,2165,2166],{"class":61},"])\n",[47,2168,2169,2171,2173,2175],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2170,139],{"class":138},[47,2172,117],{"class":61},[47,2174,1693],{"class":113},[47,2176,132],{"class":61},[20,2178,372],{},[38,2180,2182],{"className":40,"code":2181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,2183,2184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2185,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2187,382],{"class":61},[47,2189,385],{"class":65},[47,2191,1995],{"class":69},[47,2193,385],{"class":65},[47,2195,172],{"class":61},[47,2197,560],{"class":559},[47,2199,75],{"class":61},[47,2201,398],{"class":65},[47,2203,2161],{"class":69},[47,2205,385],{"class":65},[47,2207,172],{"class":61},[47,2209,560],{"class":559},[47,2211,421],{"class":61},[20,2213,2214,2215,110],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,2216,269],{},[33,2218,2220],{"id":2219},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,2222,2223,2224,2226],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,2225,17],{}," works.",[38,2228,2230],{"className":40,"code":2229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,2231,2232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2233,2234,2236,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2250,2252,2254,2256,2258,2260,2262,2264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2235,139],{"class":138},[47,2237,117],{"class":61},[47,2239,198],{"class":106},[47,2241,110],{"class":61},[47,2243,114],{"class":113},[47,2245,1258],{"class":61},[47,2247,66],{"class":65},[47,2249,210],{"class":69},[47,2251,66],{"class":65},[47,2253,75],{"class":61},[47,2255,78],{"class":65},[47,2257,854],{"class":69},[47,2259,66],{"class":65},[47,2261,959],{"class":61},[47,2263,350],{"class":349},[47,2265,2266],{"class":61},"))\n",[38,2268,2269],{"className":40,"code":2132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2270,2271,2301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2272,2273,2275,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2297,2299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2274,1660],{"class":53},[47,2276,58],{"class":57},[47,2278,107],{"class":106},[47,2280,110],{"class":61},[47,2282,114],{"class":113},[47,2284,1258],{"class":61},[47,2286,66],{"class":65},[47,2288,1995],{"class":69},[47,2290,66],{"class":65},[47,2292,75],{"class":61},[47,2294,78],{"class":65},[47,2296,2161],{"class":69},[47,2298,66],{"class":65},[47,2300,2166],{"class":61},[47,2302,2303,2305,2307,2309],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2304,139],{"class":138},[47,2306,117],{"class":61},[47,2308,1693],{"class":113},[47,2310,132],{"class":61},[38,2312,2313],{"className":40,"code":1653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2314,2315,2347,2369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2316,2317,2319,2321,2323,2325,2327,2329,2331,2333,2335,2337,2339,2341,2343,2345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2318,1660],{"class":53},[47,2320,58],{"class":57},[47,2322,107],{"class":106},[47,2324,110],{"class":61},[47,2326,114],{"class":113},[47,2328,1258],{"class":61},[47,2330,66],{"class":65},[47,2332,210],{"class":69},[47,2334,66],{"class":65},[47,2336,75],{"class":61},[47,2338,78],{"class":65},[47,2340,854],{"class":69},[47,2342,66],{"class":65},[47,2344,959],{"class":61},[47,2346,889],{"class":61},[47,2348,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2367],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2350,1693],{"class":53},[47,2352,669],{"class":61},[47,2354,66],{"class":65},[47,2356,210],{"class":69},[47,2358,66],{"class":65},[47,2360,909],{"class":61},[47,2362,912],{"class":113},[47,2364,117],{"class":61},[47,2366,917],{"class":349},[47,2368,132],{"class":61},[47,2370,2371,2373,2375,2377],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,2372,139],{"class":138},[47,2374,117],{"class":61},[47,2376,1693],{"class":113},[47,2378,132],{"class":61},[38,2380,2382],{"className":40,"code":2381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,2383,2384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2385,2386,2388,2390,2393,2395,2397,2399,2401,2403,2405,2407,2410,2412,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2387,139],{"class":138},[47,2389,117],{"class":61},[47,2391,2392],{"class":106},"type",[47,2394,117],{"class":61},[47,2396,198],{"class":106},[47,2398,110],{"class":61},[47,2400,114],{"class":113},[47,2402,1258],{"class":61},[47,2404,917],{"class":349},[47,2406,75],{"class":61},[47,2408,2409],{"class":349}," 2",[47,2411,75],{"class":61},[47,2413,2414],{"class":349}," 3",[47,2416,959],{"class":61},[47,2418,78],{"class":65},[47,2420,259],{"class":69},[47,2422,66],{"class":65},[47,2424,2425],{"class":61},")))\n",[33,2427,2429],{"id":2428},"faq","FAQ",[244,2431,2433,2434,2436],{"id":2432},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary","Does ",[15,2435,17],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,2438,2439],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[244,2441,2443],{"id":2442},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,2445,2446,2447,110],{},"Each key gets ",[15,2448,269],{},[244,2450,2452],{"id":2451},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,2454,2455],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[244,2457,2459],{"id":2458},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,2461,1050],{},[38,2463,2465],{"className":40,"code":2464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,2466,2467,2499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2468,2469,2471,2473,2475,2477,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2495,2497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2470,54],{"class":53},[47,2472,58],{"class":57},[47,2474,62],{"class":61},[47,2476,66],{"class":65},[47,2478,210],{"class":69},[47,2480,66],{"class":65},[47,2482,75],{"class":61},[47,2484,78],{"class":65},[47,2486,854],{"class":69},[47,2488,66],{"class":65},[47,2490,75],{"class":61},[47,2492,78],{"class":65},[47,2494,863],{"class":69},[47,2496,66],{"class":65},[47,2498,95],{"class":61},[47,2500,2501,2503,2505,2507,2509,2511,2513,2515,2517,2519,2521],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2502,872],{"class":53},[47,2504,58],{"class":57},[47,2506,1096],{"class":61},[47,2508,1099],{"class":53},[47,2510,172],{"class":61},[47,2512,1104],{"class":61},[47,2514,1108],{"class":1107},[47,2516,1111],{"class":53},[47,2518,1114],{"class":1107},[47,2520,1117],{"class":53},[47,2522,421],{"class":61},[33,2524,2526],{"id":2525},"see-also","See also",[174,2528,2529,2534,2538,2543,2549],{},[177,2530,2531],{},[210,2532,2533],{"href":448},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[177,2535,2536],{},[210,2537,213],{"href":212},[177,2539,2540],{},[210,2541,2542],{"href":790},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[177,2544,2545],{},[210,2546,1633,2547,1637],{"href":1632},[15,2548,1636],{},[177,2550,2551],{},[210,2552,1633,2554,1637],{"href":2553},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",[15,2555,2556],{},"copy()",[20,2558,156,2559,2561],{},[15,2560,24],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2563,2564,2565],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":2567},[2568,2569,2571,2575,2576,2578,2583,2585,2592,2601,2602,2609],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":163,"depth":98,"text":2570},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":216,"depth":98,"text":217,"children":2572},[2573,2574],{"id":246,"depth":135,"text":247},{"id":272,"depth":135,"text":273},{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":452,"depth":98,"text":2577},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":794,"depth":98,"text":795,"children":2579},[2580,2581,2582],{"id":827,"depth":135,"text":828},{"id":998,"depth":135,"text":999},{"id":1046,"depth":135,"text":1047},{"id":1215,"depth":98,"text":2584},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":1381,"depth":98,"text":2586,"children":2587},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[2588,2590,2591],{"id":1392,"depth":135,"text":2589},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":1460,"depth":135,"text":1461},{"id":1538,"depth":135,"text":1539},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":2593},[2594,2595,2597,2599],{"id":1649,"depth":135,"text":1650},{"id":1832,"depth":135,"text":2596},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":1967,"depth":135,"text":2598},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":2126,"depth":135,"text":2600},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":2219,"depth":98,"text":2220},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":2603},[2604,2606,2607,2608],{"id":2432,"depth":135,"text":2605},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":2442,"depth":135,"text":2443},{"id":2451,"depth":135,"text":2452},{"id":2458,"depth":135,"text":2459},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":5,"description":2610},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",[2618,4218,5921,7617,9755,11945,13455,15614,17817,20067,21906,24472,26571,28853,30801,32712,34709,36149,37978,40503,42665,43894,45265,46913,49234,51078,53060,54754,56007,57701,59452,61424,63174,65274,66634,68585,70148,72139,73934,75834,78276,80354,82994,85023,86986,89174,91178,93491,95173,96618,97812,98990,100830,103270,104974,106989,108513,109758,110921,112303,114374,116271,118045,119911,122030,123770,125232,126826,128749,130426,132361,133850,136634,138211,139770,141798,143750,145213,146402,148288,149699,151395,152949,154371,155774,157672,160066,161897],{"id":2619,"title":2620,"body":2621,"description":4212,"extension":2611,"meta":4213,"navigation":357,"path":4214,"seo":4215,"stem":4216,"__hash__":4217},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2622,"toc":4184},[2623,2626,2633,2636,2647,2650,2652,2718,2720,2740,2745,2749,2754,2757,2772,2774,2800,2803,2807,2810,2825,2828,2855,2857,2917,2919,2934,2944,2955,2959,2962,3016,3018,3038,3041,3065,3072,3076,3081,3087,3089,3126,3128,3137,3144,3162,3165,3177,3181,3186,3190,3193,3214,3216,3274,3276,3284,3287,3291,3323,3325,3333,3336,3340,3345,3393,3395,3403,3407,3467,3469,3477,3480,3482,3486,3489,3512,3521,3537,3587,3589,3604,3615,3619,3622,3650,3657,3661,3666,3707,3709,3720,3723,3766,3768,3776,3780,3785,3807,3809,3818,3827,3831,3836,3858,3860,3930,3932,3982,3985,3988,3991,4070,4072,4103,4105,4109,4112,4116,4119,4123,4126,4130,4142,4146,4149,4151,4181],[10,2624,2620],{"id":2625},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2627,2628,2629,2632],{},"The ",[15,2630,2631],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2634,2635],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[174,2637,2638,2641,2644],{},[177,2639,2640],{},"a number without its negative sign",[177,2642,2643],{},"the distance between two numbers",[177,2645,2646],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2648,2649],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[33,2651,36],{"id":35},[38,2653,2655],{"className":40,"code":2654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2656,2657,2676,2691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2658,2659,2661,2663,2666,2668,2671,2674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2660,139],{"class":138},[47,2662,117],{"class":61},[47,2664,2665],{"class":138},"abs",[47,2667,117],{"class":61},[47,2669,2670],{"class":57},"-",[47,2672,2673],{"class":349},"7",[47,2675,2266],{"class":61},[47,2677,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686,2689],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2679,139],{"class":138},[47,2681,117],{"class":61},[47,2683,2665],{"class":138},[47,2685,117],{"class":61},[47,2687,2688],{"class":349},"3.5",[47,2690,2266],{"class":61},[47,2692,2693,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703,2706,2709,2712,2716],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,2694,139],{"class":138},[47,2696,117],{"class":61},[47,2698,2665],{"class":138},[47,2700,117],{"class":61},[47,2702,2670],{"class":57},[47,2704,2705],{"class":349},"2",[47,2707,2708],{"class":57},"+",[47,2710,2711],{"class":349},"3",[47,2713,2715],{"class":2714},"sbsja","j",[47,2717,2266],{"class":61},[20,2719,372],{},[38,2721,2723],{"className":40,"code":2722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2724,2725,2730,2735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2726,2727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2728,2729],{"class":349},"7\n",[47,2731,2732],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2733,2734],{"class":349},"3.5\n",[47,2736,2737],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,2738,2739],{"class":349},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2741,156,2742,2744],{},[15,2743,2631],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[33,2746,2748],{"id":2747},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2750,2751,2753],{},[15,2752,2631],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2755,2756],{},"That means:",[174,2758,2759,2762,2765],{},[177,2760,2761],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[177,2763,2764],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[177,2766,2767,2769,2770],{},[15,2768,436],{}," stays ",[15,2771,436],{},[20,2773,1237],{},[174,2775,2776,2785,2793],{},[177,2777,2778,2781,2782],{},[15,2779,2780],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2783,2784],{},"5",[177,2786,2787,2781,2790],{},[15,2788,2789],{},"abs(9)",[15,2791,2792],{},"9",[177,2794,2795,2781,2798],{},[15,2796,2797],{},"abs(0)",[15,2799,436],{},[20,2801,2802],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[33,2804,2806],{"id":2805},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,2808,2809],{},"The syntax is:",[38,2811,2813],{"className":40,"code":2812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(x)\n",[15,2814,2815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2816,2817,2819,2821,2823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2818,2665],{"class":138},[47,2820,117],{"class":61},[47,2822,1995],{"class":113},[47,2824,132],{"class":61},[20,2826,2827],{},"Here:",[174,2829,2830,2847,2852],{},[177,2831,2832,2834,2835,2838,2839,2842,2843,2846],{},[15,2833,1995],{}," is usually an ",[15,2836,2837],{},"int",", ",[15,2840,2841],{},"float",", or ",[15,2844,2845],{},"complex"," number",[177,2848,2849,2851],{},[15,2850,2631],{}," returns a new value",[177,2853,2854],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2856,603],{},[38,2858,2860],{"className":40,"code":2859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2861,2862,2875,2892,2896,2906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2863,2864,2867,2869,2872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2865,2866],{"class":53},"number ",[47,2868,58],{"class":57},[47,2870,2871],{"class":57}," -",[47,2873,2874],{"class":349},"12\n",[47,2876,2877,2880,2882,2885,2887,2890],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2878,2879],{"class":53},"result ",[47,2881,58],{"class":57},[47,2883,2884],{"class":138}," abs",[47,2886,117],{"class":61},[47,2888,2889],{"class":113},"number",[47,2891,132],{"class":61},[47,2893,2894],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,2895,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,2897,2898,2900,2902,2904],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,2899,139],{"class":138},[47,2901,117],{"class":61},[47,2903,2889],{"class":113},[47,2905,132],{"class":61},[47,2907,2908,2910,2912,2915],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,2909,139],{"class":138},[47,2911,117],{"class":61},[47,2913,2914],{"class":113},"result",[47,2916,132],{"class":61},[20,2918,372],{},[38,2920,2922],{"className":40,"code":2921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-12\n12\n",[15,2923,2924,2930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2925,2926,2928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2927,2670],{"class":57},[47,2929,2874],{"class":349},[47,2931,2932],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2933,2874],{"class":349},[20,2935,2936,2937,2939,2940,2943],{},"Notice that ",[15,2938,2889],{}," is still ",[15,2941,2942],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2945,2946,2947,2954],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[210,2948,2950,2953],{"href":2949},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2951,2952],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[33,2956,2958],{"id":2957},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2960,2961],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[38,2963,2965],{"className":40,"code":2964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2966,2967,2984,2999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2968,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977,2979,2982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2970,139],{"class":138},[47,2972,117],{"class":61},[47,2974,2665],{"class":138},[47,2976,117],{"class":61},[47,2978,2670],{"class":57},[47,2980,2981],{"class":349},"10",[47,2983,2266],{"class":61},[47,2985,2986,2988,2990,2992,2994,2997],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,2987,139],{"class":138},[47,2989,117],{"class":61},[47,2991,2665],{"class":138},[47,2993,117],{"class":61},[47,2995,2996],{"class":349},"8",[47,2998,2266],{"class":61},[47,3000,3001,3003,3005,3007,3009,3011,3014],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3002,139],{"class":138},[47,3004,117],{"class":61},[47,3006,2665],{"class":138},[47,3008,117],{"class":61},[47,3010,2670],{"class":57},[47,3012,3013],{"class":349},"4.2",[47,3015,2266],{"class":61},[20,3017,372],{},[38,3019,3021],{"className":40,"code":3020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,3022,3023,3028,3033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3024,3025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3026,3027],{"class":349},"10\n",[47,3029,3030],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3031,3032],{"class":349},"8\n",[47,3034,3035],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3036,3037],{"class":349},"4.2\n",[20,3039,3040],{},"What each line does:",[174,3042,3043,3051,3058],{},[177,3044,3045,3048,3049],{},[15,3046,3047],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,3050,2981],{},[177,3052,3053,3048,3056],{},[15,3054,3055],{},"abs(8)",[15,3057,2996],{},[177,3059,3060,3048,3063],{},[15,3061,3062],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,3064,3013],{},[20,3066,3067,3068,110],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[210,3069,3071],{"href":3070},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[33,3073,3075],{"id":3074},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,3077,3078,3080],{},[15,3079,2631],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,3082,3083,3084,3086],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,3085,436],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,3088,603],{},[38,3090,3092],{"className":40,"code":3091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,3093,3094,3112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3095,3096,3099,3101,3103,3106,3109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3097,3098],{"class":53},"value ",[47,3100,58],{"class":57},[47,3102,2414],{"class":349},[47,3104,3105],{"class":57}," +",[47,3107,3108],{"class":349}," 4",[47,3110,3111],{"class":2714},"j\n",[47,3113,3114,3116,3118,3120,3122,3124],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3115,139],{"class":138},[47,3117,117],{"class":61},[47,3119,2665],{"class":138},[47,3121,117],{"class":61},[47,3123,259],{"class":113},[47,3125,2266],{"class":61},[20,3127,372],{},[38,3129,3131],{"className":40,"code":3130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n",[15,3132,3133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3134,3135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3136,3130],{"class":349},[20,3138,3139,3140,3143],{},"Why ",[15,3141,3142],{},"5.0","?",[174,3145,3146,3151,3157],{},[177,3147,3148,3149],{},"the real part is ",[15,3150,2711],{},[177,3152,3153,3154],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3155,3156],{},"4",[177,3158,3159,3160],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3161,3142],{},[20,3163,3164],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[174,3166,3167,3174],{},[177,3168,3169,3171,3172],{},[15,3170,2631],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3173,2841],{},[177,3175,3176],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[33,3178,3180],{"id":3179},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3182,3183,3184,110],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3185,2631],{},[244,3187,3189],{"id":3188},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3191,3192],{},"A very common pattern is:",[38,3194,3196],{"className":40,"code":3195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3197,3198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3199,3200,3202,3204,3207,3209,3212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3201,2665],{"class":138},[47,3203,117],{"class":61},[47,3205,3206],{"class":113},"a ",[47,3208,2670],{"class":57},[47,3210,3211],{"class":113}," b",[47,3213,132],{"class":61},[20,3215,603],{},[38,3217,3219],{"className":40,"code":3218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3220,3221,3230,3240,3244,3263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3222,3223,3225,3227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3224,3206],{"class":53},[47,3226,58],{"class":57},[47,3228,3229],{"class":349}," 3\n",[47,3231,3232,3235,3237],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3233,3234],{"class":53},"b ",[47,3236,58],{"class":57},[47,3238,3239],{"class":349}," 10\n",[47,3241,3242],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3243,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,3245,3246,3249,3251,3253,3255,3257,3259,3261],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,3247,3248],{"class":53},"distance ",[47,3250,58],{"class":57},[47,3252,2884],{"class":138},[47,3254,117],{"class":61},[47,3256,3206],{"class":113},[47,3258,2670],{"class":57},[47,3260,3211],{"class":113},[47,3262,132],{"class":61},[47,3264,3265,3267,3269,3272],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,3266,139],{"class":138},[47,3268,117],{"class":61},[47,3270,3271],{"class":113},"distance",[47,3273,132],{"class":61},[20,3275,372],{},[38,3277,3278],{"className":40,"code":2729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3279,3280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3281,3282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3283,2729],{"class":349},[20,3285,3286],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[244,3288,3290],{"id":3289},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[38,3292,3294],{"className":40,"code":3293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3295,3296,3308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3297,3298,3301,3303,3305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3299,3300],{"class":53},"temperature_change ",[47,3302,58],{"class":57},[47,3304,2871],{"class":57},[47,3306,3307],{"class":349},"6\n",[47,3309,3310,3312,3314,3316,3318,3321],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3311,139],{"class":138},[47,3313,117],{"class":61},[47,3315,2665],{"class":138},[47,3317,117],{"class":61},[47,3319,3320],{"class":113},"temperature_change",[47,3322,2266],{"class":61},[20,3324,372],{},[38,3326,3327],{"className":40,"code":3307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3328,3329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3330,3331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3332,3307],{"class":349},[20,3334,3335],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[244,3337,3339],{"id":3338},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3341,3342,3343,2954],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3344,2631],{},[38,3346,3348],{"className":40,"code":3347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3349,3350,3362,3378,3382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3351,3352,3355,3357,3359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3353,3354],{"class":53},"balance_change ",[47,3356,58],{"class":57},[47,3358,2871],{"class":57},[47,3360,3361],{"class":349},"25\n",[47,3363,3364,3367,3369,3371,3373,3376],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3365,3366],{"class":53},"safe_value ",[47,3368,58],{"class":57},[47,3370,2884],{"class":138},[47,3372,117],{"class":61},[47,3374,3375],{"class":113},"balance_change",[47,3377,132],{"class":61},[47,3379,3380],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3381,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,3383,3384,3386,3388,3391],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,3385,139],{"class":138},[47,3387,117],{"class":61},[47,3389,3390],{"class":113},"safe_value",[47,3392,132],{"class":61},[20,3394,372],{},[38,3396,3397],{"className":40,"code":3361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3398,3399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3400,3401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3402,3361],{"class":349},[244,3404,3406],{"id":3405},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[38,3408,3410],{"className":40,"code":3409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3411,3412,3422,3432,3436,3456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3413,3414,3417,3419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3415,3416],{"class":53},"guess ",[47,3418,58],{"class":57},[47,3420,3421],{"class":349}," 42\n",[47,3423,3424,3427,3429],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3425,3426],{"class":53},"target ",[47,3428,58],{"class":57},[47,3430,3431],{"class":349}," 50\n",[47,3433,3434],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3435,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,3437,3438,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3451,3454],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,3439,3440],{"class":53},"difference ",[47,3442,58],{"class":57},[47,3444,2884],{"class":138},[47,3446,117],{"class":61},[47,3448,3416],{"class":113},[47,3450,2670],{"class":57},[47,3452,3453],{"class":113}," target",[47,3455,132],{"class":61},[47,3457,3458,3460,3462,3465],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,3459,139],{"class":138},[47,3461,117],{"class":61},[47,3463,3464],{"class":113},"difference",[47,3466,132],{"class":61},[20,3468,372],{},[38,3470,3471],{"className":40,"code":3032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3472,3473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3474,3475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3476,3032],{"class":349},[20,3478,3479],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[33,3481,1641],{"id":1640},[244,3483,3485],{"id":3484},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3487,3488],{},"This causes an error:",[38,3490,3492],{"className":40,"code":3491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3493,3494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3495,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3497,139],{"class":138},[47,3499,117],{"class":61},[47,3501,2665],{"class":138},[47,3503,117],{"class":61},[47,3505,66],{"class":65},[47,3507,2784],{"class":69},[47,3509,66],{"class":65},[47,3511,2266],{"class":61},[20,3513,3514,3517,3518,3520],{},[15,3515,3516],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3519,2631],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3522,3523,3524,3530,3531,172],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[210,3525,3527],{"href":3526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3528,3529],{},"int()"," or ",[210,3532,3534],{"href":3533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3535,3536],{},"float()",[38,3538,3540],{"className":40,"code":3539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3541,3542,3564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3543,3544,3546,3548,3550,3552,3554,3556,3558,3560,3562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3545,139],{"class":138},[47,3547,117],{"class":61},[47,3549,2665],{"class":138},[47,3551,117],{"class":61},[47,3553,2837],{"class":106},[47,3555,117],{"class":61},[47,3557,66],{"class":65},[47,3559,2784],{"class":69},[47,3561,66],{"class":65},[47,3563,2425],{"class":61},[47,3565,3566,3568,3570,3572,3574,3576,3578,3580,3583,3585],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3567,139],{"class":138},[47,3569,117],{"class":61},[47,3571,2665],{"class":138},[47,3573,117],{"class":61},[47,3575,2841],{"class":106},[47,3577,117],{"class":61},[47,3579,66],{"class":65},[47,3581,3582],{"class":69},"-3.2",[47,3584,66],{"class":65},[47,3586,2425],{"class":61},[20,3588,372],{},[38,3590,3592],{"className":40,"code":3591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3593,3594,3599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3595,3596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3597,3598],{"class":349},"5\n",[47,3600,3601],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3602,3603],{"class":349},"3.2\n",[20,3605,3606,3607,3610,3611,110],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3608,3609],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[210,3612,3614],{"href":3613},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[244,3616,3618],{"id":3617},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3620,3621],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[38,3623,3625],{"className":40,"code":3624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3626,3627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3628,3629,3631,3633,3635,3637,3639,3641,3643,3645,3647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3630,139],{"class":138},[47,3632,117],{"class":61},[47,3634,2665],{"class":138},[47,3636,1258],{"class":61},[47,3638,917],{"class":349},[47,3640,75],{"class":61},[47,3642,2409],{"class":349},[47,3644,75],{"class":61},[47,3646,2414],{"class":349},[47,3648,3649],{"class":61},"]))\n",[20,3651,3652,3653,3656],{},"This raises a ",[15,3654,3655],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[244,3658,3660],{"id":3659},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3662,3663,3665],{},[15,3664,2631],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[38,3667,3669],{"className":40,"code":3668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3670,3671,3683,3693,3697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3672,3673,3676,3678,3680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3674,3675],{"class":53},"x ",[47,3677,58],{"class":57},[47,3679,2871],{"class":57},[47,3681,3682],{"class":349},"9\n",[47,3684,3685,3687,3689,3691],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3686,2665],{"class":138},[47,3688,117],{"class":61},[47,3690,1995],{"class":113},[47,3692,132],{"class":61},[47,3694,3695],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3696,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,3698,3699,3701,3703,3705],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,3700,139],{"class":138},[47,3702,117],{"class":61},[47,3704,1995],{"class":113},[47,3706,132],{"class":61},[20,3708,372],{},[38,3710,3712],{"className":40,"code":3711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-9\n",[15,3713,3714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3715,3716,3718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3717,2670],{"class":57},[47,3719,3682],{"class":349},[20,3721,3722],{},"If you want to store the result:",[38,3724,3726],{"className":40,"code":3725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3727,3728,3738,3752,3756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3729,3730,3732,3734,3736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3731,3675],{"class":53},[47,3733,58],{"class":57},[47,3735,2871],{"class":57},[47,3737,3682],{"class":349},[47,3739,3740,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3741,3675],{"class":53},[47,3743,58],{"class":57},[47,3745,2884],{"class":138},[47,3747,117],{"class":61},[47,3749,1995],{"class":113},[47,3751,132],{"class":61},[47,3753,3754],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3755,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,3757,3758,3760,3762,3764],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,3759,139],{"class":138},[47,3761,117],{"class":61},[47,3763,1995],{"class":113},[47,3765,132],{"class":61},[20,3767,372],{},[38,3769,3770],{"className":40,"code":3682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3771,3772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3773,3774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3775,3682],{"class":349},[244,3777,3779],{"id":3778},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3781,3782,3784],{},[15,3783,2631],{}," does not round numbers.",[38,3786,3788],{"className":40,"code":3787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3789,3790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3791,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3793,139],{"class":138},[47,3795,117],{"class":61},[47,3797,2665],{"class":138},[47,3799,117],{"class":61},[47,3801,2670],{"class":57},[47,3803,3804],{"class":349},"4.7",[47,3806,2266],{"class":61},[20,3808,372],{},[38,3810,3812],{"className":40,"code":3811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.7\n",[15,3813,3814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3815,3816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3817,3811],{"class":349},[20,3819,3820,3821,3823,3824,3826],{},"If you expected ",[15,3822,2784],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3825,2631],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[33,3828,3830],{"id":3829},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3832,3833,3835],{},[15,3834,2631],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[174,3837,3838,3845,3852],{},[177,3839,3840,3842,3843],{},[15,3841,2837],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3844,2837],{},[177,3846,3847,3849,3850],{},[15,3848,2841],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3851,2841],{},[177,3853,3854,3849,3856],{},[15,3855,2845],{},[15,3857,2841],{},[20,3859,603],{},[38,3861,3863],{"className":40,"code":3862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3864,3865,3885,3906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3866,3867,3869,3871,3873,3875,3877,3879,3881,3883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3868,139],{"class":138},[47,3870,117],{"class":61},[47,3872,2392],{"class":106},[47,3874,117],{"class":61},[47,3876,2665],{"class":138},[47,3878,117],{"class":61},[47,3880,2670],{"class":57},[47,3882,2784],{"class":349},[47,3884,2425],{"class":61},[47,3886,3887,3889,3891,3893,3895,3897,3899,3901,3904],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3888,139],{"class":138},[47,3890,117],{"class":61},[47,3892,2392],{"class":106},[47,3894,117],{"class":61},[47,3896,2665],{"class":138},[47,3898,117],{"class":61},[47,3900,2670],{"class":57},[47,3902,3903],{"class":349},"3.2",[47,3905,2425],{"class":61},[47,3907,3908,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3909,139],{"class":138},[47,3911,117],{"class":61},[47,3913,2392],{"class":106},[47,3915,117],{"class":61},[47,3917,2665],{"class":138},[47,3919,117],{"class":61},[47,3921,2711],{"class":349},[47,3923,3105],{"class":57},[47,3925,3108],{"class":349},[47,3927,2715],{"class":2714},[47,3929,2425],{"class":61},[20,3931,372],{},[38,3933,3935],{"className":40,"code":3934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3936,3937,3954,3968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3938,3939,3942,3945,3947,3949,3951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3940,3941],{"class":57},"\u003C",[47,3943,3944],{"class":2714},"class",[47,3946,398],{"class":65},[47,3948,2837],{"class":69},[47,3950,385],{"class":65},[47,3952,3953],{"class":57},">\n",[47,3955,3956,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,3957,3941],{"class":57},[47,3959,3944],{"class":2714},[47,3961,398],{"class":65},[47,3963,2841],{"class":69},[47,3965,385],{"class":65},[47,3967,3953],{"class":57},[47,3969,3970,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,3971,3941],{"class":57},[47,3973,3944],{"class":2714},[47,3975,398],{"class":65},[47,3977,2841],{"class":69},[47,3979,385],{"class":65},[47,3981,3953],{"class":57},[20,3983,3984],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3986,3987],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3989,3990],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[38,3992,3994],{"className":40,"code":3993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3995,3996,4009,4019,4033,4037,4051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3997,3998,4000,4002,4004,4007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3999,3098],{"class":53},[47,4001,58],{"class":57},[47,4003,78],{"class":65},[47,4005,4006],{"class":69},"-5",[47,4008,689],{"class":65},[47,4010,4011,4013,4015,4017],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4012,139],{"class":138},[47,4014,117],{"class":61},[47,4016,259],{"class":113},[47,4018,132],{"class":61},[47,4020,4021,4023,4025,4027,4029,4031],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,4022,139],{"class":138},[47,4024,117],{"class":61},[47,4026,2392],{"class":106},[47,4028,117],{"class":61},[47,4030,259],{"class":113},[47,4032,2266],{"class":61},[47,4034,4035],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,4036,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,4038,4039,4042,4044,4046,4049],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,4040,4041],{"class":53},"user_input ",[47,4043,58],{"class":57},[47,4045,78],{"class":65},[47,4047,4048],{"class":69},"-3.7",[47,4050,689],{"class":65},[47,4052,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065,4068],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,4054,139],{"class":138},[47,4056,117],{"class":61},[47,4058,2665],{"class":138},[47,4060,117],{"class":61},[47,4062,2841],{"class":106},[47,4064,117],{"class":61},[47,4066,4067],{"class":113},"user_input",[47,4069,2425],{"class":61},[20,4071,372],{},[38,4073,4075],{"className":40,"code":4074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,4076,4077,4083,4098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4078,4079,4081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4080,2670],{"class":57},[47,4082,3598],{"class":349},[47,4084,4085,4087,4089,4091,4094,4096],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4086,3941],{"class":57},[47,4088,3944],{"class":2714},[47,4090,398],{"class":65},[47,4092,4093],{"class":69},"str",[47,4095,385],{"class":65},[47,4097,3953],{"class":57},[47,4099,4100],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,4101,4102],{"class":349},"3.7\n",[33,4104,2429],{"id":2428},[244,4106,4108],{"id":4107},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4110,4111],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[244,4113,4115],{"id":4114},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4117,4118],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[244,4120,4122],{"id":4121},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4124,4125],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[244,4127,4129],{"id":4128},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4131,4132,4134,4135,3530,4137,4139,4140,110],{},[15,4133,3609],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4136,3529],{},[15,4138,3536],{}," before using ",[15,4141,2631],{},[244,4143,4145],{"id":4144},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4147,4148],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[33,4150,2526],{"id":2525},[174,4152,4153,4160,4166,4172,4177],{},[177,4154,4155],{},[210,4156,4157,4159],{"href":3526},[15,4158,3529],{}," function explained",[177,4161,4162],{},[210,4163,4164,4159],{"href":3533},[15,4165,3536],{},[177,4167,4168],{},[210,4169,4170,4159],{"href":2949},[15,4171,2952],{},[177,4173,4174],{},[210,4175,4176],{"href":3613},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[177,4178,4179],{},[210,4180,3071],{"href":3070},[2563,4182,4183],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":4185},[4186,4187,4188,4189,4190,4191,4197,4203,4204,4211],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":2747,"depth":98,"text":2748},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":2957,"depth":98,"text":2958},{"id":3074,"depth":98,"text":3075},{"id":3179,"depth":98,"text":3180,"children":4192},[4193,4194,4195,4196],{"id":3188,"depth":135,"text":3189},{"id":3289,"depth":135,"text":3290},{"id":3338,"depth":135,"text":3339},{"id":3405,"depth":135,"text":3406},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":4198},[4199,4200,4201,4202],{"id":3484,"depth":135,"text":3485},{"id":3617,"depth":135,"text":3618},{"id":3659,"depth":135,"text":3660},{"id":3778,"depth":135,"text":3779},{"id":3829,"depth":98,"text":3830},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":4205},[4206,4207,4208,4209,4210],{"id":4107,"depth":135,"text":4108},{"id":4114,"depth":135,"text":4115},{"id":4121,"depth":135,"text":4122},{"id":4128,"depth":135,"text":4129},{"id":4144,"depth":135,"text":4145},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2620,"description":4212},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4219,"title":4220,"body":4221,"description":5915,"extension":2611,"meta":5916,"navigation":357,"path":5917,"seo":5918,"stem":5919,"__hash__":5920},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4222,"toc":5879},[4223,4231,4237,4240,4257,4261,4317,4327,4332,4336,4355,4358,4374,4377,4381,4389,4406,4409,4445,4448,4455,4461,4532,4534,4563,4569,4573,4577,4616,4618,4627,4634,4638,4677,4679,4688,4698,4702,4758,4760,4768,4771,4774,4821,4823,4831,4837,4844,4849,4852,4855,4922,4924,4932,4935,5002,5004,5012,5026,5029,5041,5045,5051,5054,5056,5072,5074,5082,5085,5088,5091,5108,5111,5114,5144,5146,5159,5163,5167,5170,5185,5190,5193,5220,5227,5230,5270,5276,5282,5290,5293,5345,5352,5416,5421,5430,5433,5451,5457,5460,5602,5607,5612,5615,5626,5629,5685,5687,5695,5698,5756,5758,5766,5769,5780,5782,5789,5798,5807,5810,5817,5820,5829,5842,5844,5876],[10,4224,4226,4227,4230],{"id":4225},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,4228,4229],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,4232,4233,4234,4236],{},"Python’s ",[15,4235,4229],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4238,4239],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[174,4241,4242,4245,4248],{},[177,4243,4244],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[177,4246,4247],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[177,4249,4250,3048,4253,4256],{},[15,4251,4252],{},"all([])",[15,4254,4255],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[33,4258,4260],{"id":4259},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[38,4262,4264],{"className":40,"code":4263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4265,4266,4287,4303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4267,4268,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4269,4270],{"class":53},"numbers ",[47,4272,58],{"class":57},[47,4274,62],{"class":61},[47,4276,917],{"class":349},[47,4278,75],{"class":61},[47,4280,2409],{"class":349},[47,4282,75],{"class":61},[47,4284,2414],{"class":349},[47,4286,95],{"class":61},[47,4288,4289,4291,4293,4296,4298,4301],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4290,2879],{"class":53},[47,4292,58],{"class":57},[47,4294,4295],{"class":138}," all",[47,4297,117],{"class":61},[47,4299,4300],{"class":113},"numbers",[47,4302,132],{"class":61},[47,4304,4305,4307,4309,4311,4314],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,4306,139],{"class":138},[47,4308,117],{"class":61},[47,4310,2914],{"class":113},[47,4312,4313],{"class":61},")",[47,4315,4316],{"class":152},"  # True\n",[20,4318,4319,3048,4321,4323,4324,110],{},[15,4320,4229],{},[15,4322,4255],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4325,4326],{},"False",[33,4328,164,4330,167],{"id":4329},"what-all-does",[15,4331,4229],{},[20,4333,4334,172],{},[15,4335,4229],{},[174,4337,4338,4341,4347,4352],{},[177,4339,4340],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[177,4342,4343,4344,4346],{},"returns ",[15,4345,4255],{}," if all items are truthy",[177,4348,4343,4349,4351],{},[15,4350,4326],{}," if any item is falsy",[177,4353,4354],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4356,4357],{},"Basic syntax:",[38,4359,4361],{"className":40,"code":4360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4362,4363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4364,4365,4368,4370,4372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4366,4367],{"class":138},"all",[47,4369,117],{"class":61},[47,4371,235],{"class":113},[47,4373,132],{"class":61},[20,4375,4376],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[33,4378,4380],{"id":4379},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4382,4383,4384,3530,4386,4388],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4385,4255],{},[15,4387,4326],{}," in conditions.",[174,4390,4391,4399],{},[177,4392,4393,4396,4397],{},[278,4394,4395],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4398,4255],{},[177,4400,4401,4396,4404],{},[278,4402,4403],{},"Falsy",[15,4405,4326],{},[20,4407,4408],{},"Common falsy values include:",[174,4410,4411,4415,4420,4425,4429,4433,4437,4441],{},[177,4412,4413],{},[15,4414,436],{},[177,4416,4417],{},[15,4418,4419],{},"0.0",[177,4421,4422],{},[15,4423,4424],{},"''",[177,4426,4427],{},[15,4428,269],{},[177,4430,4431],{},[15,4432,4326],{},[177,4434,4435],{},[15,4436,805],{},[177,4438,4439],{},[15,4440,811],{},[177,4442,4443],{},[15,4444,817],{},[20,4446,4447],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4449,4450,4451,110],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[210,4452,4454],{"href":4453},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4456,4457,4458,172],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4459,4460],{},"bool()",[38,4462,4464],{"className":40,"code":4463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4465,4466,4501,4505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4467,4468,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4486,4488,4490,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4469,4470],{"class":53},"values ",[47,4472,58],{"class":57},[47,4474,62],{"class":61},[47,4476,917],{"class":349},[47,4478,75],{"class":61},[47,4480,350],{"class":349},[47,4482,75],{"class":61},[47,4484,4485],{"class":65}," ''",[47,4487,75],{"class":61},[47,4489,398],{"class":65},[47,4491,4492],{"class":69},"hello",[47,4494,385],{"class":65},[47,4496,75],{"class":61},[47,4498,560],{"class":559},[47,4500,95],{"class":61},[47,4502,4503],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4504,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,4506,4507,4509,4511,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4525,4527,4530],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,4508,139],{"class":138},[47,4510,1258],{"class":61},[47,4512,4513],{"class":106},"bool",[47,4515,117],{"class":61},[47,4517,1995],{"class":113},[47,4519,4313],{"class":61},[47,4521,1108],{"class":1107},[47,4523,4524],{"class":113}," x ",[47,4526,1114],{"class":1107},[47,4528,4529],{"class":113}," values",[47,4531,2166],{"class":61},[20,4533,372],{},[38,4535,4537],{"className":40,"code":4536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4538,4539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4540,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4542,669],{"class":61},[47,4544,4255],{"class":559},[47,4546,75],{"class":61},[47,4548,1288],{"class":559},[47,4550,75],{"class":61},[47,4552,1288],{"class":559},[47,4554,75],{"class":61},[47,4556,1444],{"class":559},[47,4558,75],{"class":61},[47,4560,1288],{"class":559},[47,4562,95],{"class":61},[20,4564,4565,4566,4568],{},"This matters because ",[15,4567,4229],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[33,4570,4572],{"id":4571},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[244,4574,4576],{"id":4575},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[38,4578,4580],{"className":40,"code":4579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4581,4582,4602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4583,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598,4600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4585,4270],{"class":53},[47,4587,58],{"class":57},[47,4589,62],{"class":61},[47,4591,917],{"class":349},[47,4593,75],{"class":61},[47,4595,2409],{"class":349},[47,4597,75],{"class":61},[47,4599,2414],{"class":349},[47,4601,95],{"class":61},[47,4603,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4605,139],{"class":138},[47,4607,117],{"class":61},[47,4609,4367],{"class":138},[47,4611,117],{"class":61},[47,4613,4300],{"class":113},[47,4615,2266],{"class":61},[20,4617,372],{},[38,4619,4621],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n",[15,4622,4623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4624,4625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4626,4620],{"class":559},[20,4628,4629,4630,3048,4632,110],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4631,4229],{},[15,4633,4255],{},[244,4635,4637],{"id":4636},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[38,4639,4641],{"className":40,"code":4640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4642,4643,4663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4644,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4646,4270],{"class":53},[47,4648,58],{"class":57},[47,4650,62],{"class":61},[47,4652,917],{"class":349},[47,4654,75],{"class":61},[47,4656,350],{"class":349},[47,4658,75],{"class":61},[47,4660,2414],{"class":349},[47,4662,95],{"class":61},[47,4664,4665,4667,4669,4671,4673,4675],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4666,139],{"class":138},[47,4668,117],{"class":61},[47,4670,4367],{"class":138},[47,4672,117],{"class":61},[47,4674,4300],{"class":113},[47,4676,2266],{"class":61},[20,4678,372],{},[38,4680,4682],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\n",[15,4683,4684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4685,4686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4687,4681],{"class":559},[20,4689,4690,4691,4693,4694,3048,4696,110],{},"The value ",[15,4692,436],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4695,4229],{},[15,4697,4326],{},[244,4699,4701],{"id":4700},"example-strings","Example: strings",[38,4703,4705],{"className":40,"code":4704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4706,4707,4743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4708,4709,4712,4714,4716,4718,4721,4723,4725,4727,4730,4732,4734,4736,4739,4741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4710,4711],{"class":53},"words ",[47,4713,58],{"class":57},[47,4715,62],{"class":61},[47,4717,385],{"class":65},[47,4719,4720],{"class":69},"apple",[47,4722,385],{"class":65},[47,4724,75],{"class":61},[47,4726,398],{"class":65},[47,4728,4729],{"class":69},"banana",[47,4731,385],{"class":65},[47,4733,75],{"class":61},[47,4735,398],{"class":65},[47,4737,4738],{"class":69},"cherry",[47,4740,385],{"class":65},[47,4742,95],{"class":61},[47,4744,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4756],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4746,139],{"class":138},[47,4748,117],{"class":61},[47,4750,4367],{"class":138},[47,4752,117],{"class":61},[47,4754,4755],{"class":113},"words",[47,4757,2266],{"class":61},[20,4759,372],{},[38,4761,4762],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4763,4764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4765,4766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4767,4620],{"class":559},[20,4769,4770],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4772,4773],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[38,4775,4777],{"className":40,"code":4776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4778,4779,4807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4780,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4782,4711],{"class":53},[47,4784,58],{"class":57},[47,4786,62],{"class":61},[47,4788,385],{"class":65},[47,4790,4720],{"class":69},[47,4792,385],{"class":65},[47,4794,75],{"class":61},[47,4796,4485],{"class":65},[47,4798,75],{"class":61},[47,4800,398],{"class":65},[47,4802,4738],{"class":69},[47,4804,385],{"class":65},[47,4806,95],{"class":61},[47,4808,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817,4819],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4810,139],{"class":138},[47,4812,117],{"class":61},[47,4814,4367],{"class":138},[47,4816,117],{"class":61},[47,4818,4755],{"class":113},[47,4820,2266],{"class":61},[20,4822,372],{},[38,4824,4825],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4826,4827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4828,4829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4830,4681],{"class":559},[20,4832,4833,4834,4836],{},"The empty string ",[15,4835,4424],{}," is falsy.",[33,4838,4840,4841,4843],{"id":4839},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4842,4229],{}," works with conditions",[20,4845,4846,4848],{},[15,4847,4229],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4850,4851],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4853,4854],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[38,4856,4858],{"className":40,"code":4857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4859,4860,4880,4908,4912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4861,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4863,4270],{"class":53},[47,4865,58],{"class":57},[47,4867,62],{"class":61},[47,4869,917],{"class":349},[47,4871,75],{"class":61},[47,4873,2409],{"class":349},[47,4875,75],{"class":61},[47,4877,2414],{"class":349},[47,4879,95],{"class":61},[47,4881,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4906],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4883,2879],{"class":53},[47,4885,58],{"class":57},[47,4887,4295],{"class":138},[47,4889,117],{"class":61},[47,4891,3675],{"class":113},[47,4893,4894],{"class":57},">",[47,4896,350],{"class":349},[47,4898,1108],{"class":1107},[47,4900,4524],{"class":113},[47,4902,1114],{"class":1107},[47,4904,4905],{"class":113}," numbers",[47,4907,132],{"class":61},[47,4909,4910],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,4911,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,4913,4914,4916,4918,4920],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,4915,139],{"class":138},[47,4917,117],{"class":61},[47,4919,2914],{"class":113},[47,4921,132],{"class":61},[20,4923,372],{},[38,4925,4926],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4927,4928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4929,4930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4931,4620],{"class":559},[20,4933,4934],{},"Here is one that fails:",[38,4936,4938],{"className":40,"code":4937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4939,4940,4962,4988,4992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4941,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4943,4270],{"class":53},[47,4945,58],{"class":57},[47,4947,62],{"class":61},[47,4949,917],{"class":349},[47,4951,75],{"class":61},[47,4953,2871],{"class":57},[47,4955,2705],{"class":349},[47,4957,75],{"class":61},[47,4959,2414],{"class":349},[47,4961,95],{"class":61},[47,4963,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,4965,2879],{"class":53},[47,4967,58],{"class":57},[47,4969,4295],{"class":138},[47,4971,117],{"class":61},[47,4973,3675],{"class":113},[47,4975,4894],{"class":57},[47,4977,350],{"class":349},[47,4979,1108],{"class":1107},[47,4981,4524],{"class":113},[47,4983,1114],{"class":1107},[47,4985,4905],{"class":113},[47,4987,132],{"class":61},[47,4989,4990],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,4991,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,4993,4994,4996,4998,5000],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,4995,139],{"class":138},[47,4997,117],{"class":61},[47,4999,2914],{"class":113},[47,5001,132],{"class":61},[20,5003,372],{},[38,5005,5006],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5007,5008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5009,5010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5011,4681],{"class":559},[20,5013,5014,5015,5018,5019,5021,5022,3048,5024,110],{},"The expression ",[15,5016,5017],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,5020,4255],{},", then ",[15,5023,4229],{},[15,5025,4255],{},[20,5027,5028],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,5030,5031,5032,5036,5037,110],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[210,5033,5035],{"href":5034},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[210,5038,5040],{"href":5039},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[33,5042,5044],{"id":5043},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,5046,5047,3048,5049,110],{},[15,5048,4252],{},[15,5050,4255],{},[20,5052,5053],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,5055,603],{},[38,5057,5059],{"className":40,"code":5058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))\n",[15,5060,5061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5062,5063,5065,5067,5069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5064,139],{"class":138},[47,5066,117],{"class":61},[47,5068,4367],{"class":138},[47,5070,5071],{"class":61},"([]))\n",[20,5073,372],{},[38,5075,5076],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5077,5078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5079,5080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5081,4620],{"class":559},[20,5083,5084],{},"Why?",[20,5086,5087],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,5089,5090],{},"Think of it this way:",[174,5092,5093,5100,5103],{},[177,5094,5095,3048,5097,5099],{},[15,5096,4229],{},[15,5098,4326],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[177,5101,5102],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[177,5104,5105,5106],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5107,4326],{},[20,5109,5110],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5112,5113],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[38,5115,5117],{"className":40,"code":5116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5118,5119,5130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5120,5121,5123,5125,5127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5122,139],{"class":138},[47,5124,117],{"class":61},[47,5126,4367],{"class":138},[47,5128,5129],{"class":61},"(()))\n",[47,5131,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5133,139],{"class":138},[47,5135,117],{"class":61},[47,5137,4367],{"class":138},[47,5139,117],{"class":61},[47,5141,4424],{"class":65},[47,5143,2266],{"class":61},[20,5145,372],{},[38,5147,5149],{"className":40,"code":5148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5150,5151,5155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5152,5153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5154,4620],{"class":559},[47,5156,5157],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5158,4620],{"class":559},[33,5160,5162],{"id":5161},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[244,5164,5166],{"id":5165},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5168,5169],{},"This is wrong:",[38,5171,5173],{"className":40,"code":5172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5174,5175,5180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5176,5177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5178,5179],{"class":152},"# Wrong\n",[47,5181,5182],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5183,5184],{"class":152},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5186,5187,5189],{},[15,5188,4229],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5191,5192],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[38,5194,5196],{"className":40,"code":5195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5197,5198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5199,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5201,139],{"class":138},[47,5203,117],{"class":61},[47,5205,4367],{"class":138},[47,5207,1258],{"class":61},[47,5209,917],{"class":349},[47,5211,75],{"class":61},[47,5213,2409],{"class":349},[47,5215,75],{"class":61},[47,5217,2414],{"class":349},[47,5219,3649],{"class":61},[244,5221,5223,5224,5226],{"id":5222},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5225,4229],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5228,5229],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[38,5231,5233],{"className":40,"code":5232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5234,5235,5256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5236,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5250,5252,5254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5238,4270],{"class":53},[47,5240,58],{"class":57},[47,5242,62],{"class":61},[47,5244,2784],{"class":349},[47,5246,75],{"class":61},[47,5248,5249],{"class":349}," 5",[47,5251,75],{"class":61},[47,5253,5249],{"class":349},[47,5255,95],{"class":61},[47,5257,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5259,139],{"class":138},[47,5261,117],{"class":61},[47,5263,4367],{"class":138},[47,5265,117],{"class":61},[47,5267,4300],{"class":113},[47,5269,2266],{"class":61},[20,5271,5272,5273,5275],{},"This does ",[278,5274,1369],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5277,5278,5279,5281],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5280,2784],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[38,5283,5284],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5285,5286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5287,5288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5289,4620],{"class":559},[20,5291,5292],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[38,5294,5296],{"className":40,"code":5295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5297,5298,5318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5299,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312,5314,5316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5301,4270],{"class":53},[47,5303,58],{"class":57},[47,5305,62],{"class":61},[47,5307,2784],{"class":349},[47,5309,75],{"class":61},[47,5311,5249],{"class":349},[47,5313,75],{"class":61},[47,5315,5249],{"class":349},[47,5317,95],{"class":61},[47,5319,5320,5322,5324,5326,5328,5330,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5321,139],{"class":138},[47,5323,117],{"class":61},[47,5325,4367],{"class":138},[47,5327,117],{"class":61},[47,5329,3675],{"class":113},[47,5331,5332],{"class":57},"==",[47,5334,5249],{"class":349},[47,5336,1108],{"class":1107},[47,5338,4524],{"class":113},[47,5340,1114],{"class":1107},[47,5342,4905],{"class":113},[47,5344,2266],{"class":61},[244,5346,5348,5349,5351],{"id":5347},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5350,436],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[38,5353,5355],{"className":40,"code":5354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5356,5357,5383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5358,5359,5361,5363,5365,5367,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377,5380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5360,139],{"class":138},[47,5362,117],{"class":61},[47,5364,4367],{"class":138},[47,5366,1258],{"class":61},[47,5368,917],{"class":349},[47,5370,75],{"class":61},[47,5372,2409],{"class":349},[47,5374,75],{"class":61},[47,5376,350],{"class":349},[47,5378,5379],{"class":61},"]))",[47,5381,5382],{"class":152},"       # False\n",[47,5384,5385,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411,5413],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5386,139],{"class":138},[47,5388,117],{"class":61},[47,5390,4367],{"class":138},[47,5392,1258],{"class":61},[47,5394,385],{"class":65},[47,5396,210],{"class":69},[47,5398,385],{"class":65},[47,5400,75],{"class":61},[47,5402,398],{"class":65},[47,5404,854],{"class":69},[47,5406,385],{"class":65},[47,5408,75],{"class":61},[47,5410,4485],{"class":65},[47,5412,5379],{"class":61},[47,5414,5415],{"class":152},"  # False\n",[20,5417,5418,5419,110],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5420,4326],{},[244,5422,5424,5425,5427,5428],{"id":5423},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5426,4252],{}," is ",[15,5429,4255],{},[20,5431,5432],{},"This is expected behavior:",[38,5434,5436],{"className":40,"code":5435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5437,5438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5439,5440,5442,5444,5446,5449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5441,139],{"class":138},[47,5443,117],{"class":61},[47,5445,4367],{"class":138},[47,5447,5448],{"class":61},"([]))",[47,5450,4316],{"class":152},[20,5452,5453,5454,5456],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5455,4255],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5458,5459],{},"Useful quick tests:",[38,5461,5463],{"className":40,"code":5462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5464,5465,5487,5509,5556,5592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5466,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483,5485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5468,139],{"class":138},[47,5470,117],{"class":61},[47,5472,4367],{"class":138},[47,5474,1258],{"class":61},[47,5476,917],{"class":349},[47,5478,75],{"class":61},[47,5480,2409],{"class":349},[47,5482,75],{"class":61},[47,5484,2414],{"class":349},[47,5486,3649],{"class":61},[47,5488,5489,5491,5493,5495,5497,5499,5501,5503,5505,5507],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5490,139],{"class":138},[47,5492,117],{"class":61},[47,5494,4367],{"class":138},[47,5496,1258],{"class":61},[47,5498,917],{"class":349},[47,5500,75],{"class":61},[47,5502,350],{"class":349},[47,5504,75],{"class":61},[47,5506,2414],{"class":349},[47,5508,3649],{"class":61},[47,5510,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543,5545,5547,5549,5551,5553],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,5512,139],{"class":138},[47,5514,1258],{"class":61},[47,5516,4513],{"class":106},[47,5518,117],{"class":61},[47,5520,1995],{"class":113},[47,5522,4313],{"class":61},[47,5524,1108],{"class":1107},[47,5526,4524],{"class":113},[47,5528,1114],{"class":1107},[47,5530,62],{"class":61},[47,5532,917],{"class":349},[47,5534,75],{"class":61},[47,5536,350],{"class":349},[47,5538,75],{"class":61},[47,5540,4485],{"class":65},[47,5542,75],{"class":61},[47,5544,398],{"class":65},[47,5546,4492],{"class":69},[47,5548,385],{"class":65},[47,5550,75],{"class":61},[47,5552,560],{"class":559},[47,5554,5555],{"class":61},"]])\n",[47,5557,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588,5590],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,5559,139],{"class":138},[47,5561,117],{"class":61},[47,5563,4367],{"class":138},[47,5565,117],{"class":61},[47,5567,3675],{"class":113},[47,5569,4894],{"class":57},[47,5571,350],{"class":349},[47,5573,1108],{"class":1107},[47,5575,4524],{"class":113},[47,5577,1114],{"class":1107},[47,5579,62],{"class":61},[47,5581,917],{"class":349},[47,5583,75],{"class":61},[47,5585,2409],{"class":349},[47,5587,75],{"class":61},[47,5589,2414],{"class":349},[47,5591,3649],{"class":61},[47,5593,5594,5596,5598,5600],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,5595,139],{"class":138},[47,5597,117],{"class":61},[47,5599,4367],{"class":138},[47,5601,5071],{"class":61},[33,5603,1216,5605],{"id":5604},"when-to-use-all",[15,5606,4229],{},[20,5608,5609,5611],{},[15,5610,4229],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5613,5614],{},"Common use cases:",[174,5616,5617,5620,5623],{},[177,5618,5619],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[177,5621,5622],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[177,5624,5625],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5627,5628],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[38,5630,5632],{"className":40,"code":5631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5633,5634,5670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5635,5636,5639,5641,5643,5645,5648,5650,5652,5654,5657,5659,5661,5663,5666,5668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5637,5638],{"class":53},"names ",[47,5640,58],{"class":57},[47,5642,62],{"class":61},[47,5644,385],{"class":65},[47,5646,5647],{"class":69},"Alice",[47,5649,385],{"class":65},[47,5651,75],{"class":61},[47,5653,398],{"class":65},[47,5655,5656],{"class":69},"Bob",[47,5658,385],{"class":65},[47,5660,75],{"class":61},[47,5662,398],{"class":65},[47,5664,5665],{"class":69},"Charlie",[47,5667,385],{"class":65},[47,5669,95],{"class":61},[47,5671,5672,5674,5676,5678,5680,5683],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5673,139],{"class":138},[47,5675,117],{"class":61},[47,5677,4367],{"class":138},[47,5679,117],{"class":61},[47,5681,5682],{"class":113},"names",[47,5684,2266],{"class":61},[20,5686,372],{},[38,5688,5689],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5690,5691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5692,5693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5694,4620],{"class":559},[20,5696,5697],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[38,5699,5701],{"className":40,"code":5700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5702,5703,5726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5704,5705,5707,5709,5711,5714,5716,5719,5721,5724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5706,1311],{"class":53},[47,5708,58],{"class":57},[47,5710,62],{"class":61},[47,5712,5713],{"class":349},"75",[47,5715,75],{"class":61},[47,5717,5718],{"class":349}," 80",[47,5720,75],{"class":61},[47,5722,5723],{"class":349}," 50",[47,5725,95],{"class":61},[47,5727,5728,5730,5732,5734,5736,5739,5742,5744,5746,5749,5751,5754],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5729,139],{"class":138},[47,5731,117],{"class":61},[47,5733,4367],{"class":138},[47,5735,117],{"class":61},[47,5737,5738],{"class":113},"score ",[47,5740,5741],{"class":57},">=",[47,5743,5723],{"class":349},[47,5745,1108],{"class":1107},[47,5747,5748],{"class":113}," score ",[47,5750,1114],{"class":1107},[47,5752,5753],{"class":113}," scores",[47,5755,2266],{"class":61},[20,5757,372],{},[38,5759,5760],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5761,5762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5763,5764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5765,4620],{"class":559},[20,5767,5768],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5770,5771,5772,5036,5776,110],{},"For related tasks, see ",[210,5773,5775],{"href":5774},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[210,5777,5779],{"href":5778},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5781,2429],{"id":2428},[244,5783,5785,5786,5788],{"id":5784},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5787,4229],{}," return in Python?",[20,5790,5791,5792,5794,5795,5797],{},"It returns ",[15,5793,4255],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5796,4326],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[244,5799,5801,5802,5804,5805,3143],{"id":5800},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5803,4252],{}," return ",[15,5806,4255],{},[20,5808,5809],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[244,5811,5813,5814,5816],{"id":5812},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5815,4229],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5818,5819],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[244,5821,5823,5824,5036,5826,3143],{"id":5822},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5825,4229],{},[15,5827,5828],{},"any()",[20,5830,5831,5833,5834,5836,5837,110],{},[15,5832,4229],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5835,5828],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[210,5838,4226,5840,4159],{"href":5839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5841,5828],{},[33,5843,2526],{"id":2525},[174,5845,5846,5852,5856,5861,5866,5871],{},[177,5847,5848],{},[210,5849,4226,5850,4159],{"href":5839},[15,5851,5828],{},[177,5853,5854],{},[210,5855,4454],{"href":4453},[177,5857,5858],{},[210,5859,5860],{"href":5778},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[177,5862,5863],{},[210,5864,5865],{"href":5774},"How to filter a list in Python",[177,5867,5868],{},[210,5869,5870],{"href":5034},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[177,5872,5873],{},[210,5874,5875],{"href":5039},"What is an iterable in Python",[2563,5877,5878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":5880},[5881,5882,5884,5885,5890,5892,5893,5902,5904,5914],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":4329,"depth":98,"text":5883},"What all() does",{"id":4379,"depth":98,"text":4380},{"id":4571,"depth":98,"text":4572,"children":5886},[5887,5888,5889],{"id":4575,"depth":135,"text":4576},{"id":4636,"depth":135,"text":4637},{"id":4700,"depth":135,"text":4701},{"id":4839,"depth":98,"text":5891},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5043,"depth":98,"text":5044},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":5894},[5895,5896,5898,5900],{"id":5165,"depth":135,"text":5166},{"id":5222,"depth":135,"text":5897},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5347,"depth":135,"text":5899},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5423,"depth":135,"text":5901},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5604,"depth":98,"text":5903},"When to use all()",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":5905},[5906,5908,5910,5912],{"id":5784,"depth":135,"text":5907},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5800,"depth":135,"text":5909},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5812,"depth":135,"text":5911},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5822,"depth":135,"text":5913},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4220,"description":5915},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5922,"title":5923,"body":5924,"description":7612,"extension":2611,"meta":7613,"navigation":357,"path":5839,"seo":7614,"stem":7615,"__hash__":7616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5925,"toc":7590},[5926,5929,5937,5940,5957,5965,6009,6018,6022,6027,6030,6047,6050,6061,6073,6077,6080,6095,6100,6103,6115,6118,6202,6205,6226,6232,6234,6242,6256,6258,6292,6294,6297,6358,6360,6377,6380,6407,6409,6417,6429,6431,6434,6473,6475,6483,6485,6501,6509,6512,6555,6557,6565,6570,6574,6582,6585,6612,6615,6618,6692,6694,6702,6709,6733,6744,6747,6826,6828,6836,6843,6847,6852,6867,6869,6877,6880,6886,6889,6935,6937,6954,6958,6963,6974,6977,7090,7093,7152,7158,7160,7165,7169,7171,7190,7196,7199,7218,7222,7231,7258,7260,7268,7276,7280,7286,7309,7311,7319,7326,7330,7333,7384,7387,7438,7441,7443,7447,7454,7458,7465,7469,7477,7481,7484,7506,7508,7558,7560,7587],[10,5927,5923],{"id":5928},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5930,5931,5933,5934,110],{},[15,5932,5828],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[278,5935,5936],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5938,5939],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[174,5941,5942,5945,5948,5951,5954],{},[177,5943,5944],{},"lists",[177,5946,5947],{},"tuples",[177,5949,5950],{},"sets",[177,5952,5953],{},"strings",[177,5955,5956],{},"generator expressions",[20,5958,5959,5960,3530,5962,5964],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5961,4255],{},[15,5963,4326],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[38,5966,5968],{"className":40,"code":5967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5969,5970,5990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5971,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5973,4470],{"class":53},[47,5975,58],{"class":57},[47,5977,62],{"class":61},[47,5979,436],{"class":349},[47,5981,75],{"class":61},[47,5983,4485],{"class":65},[47,5985,75],{"class":61},[47,5987,5249],{"class":349},[47,5989,95],{"class":61},[47,5991,5992,5994,5996,5999,6001,6004,6007],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,5993,139],{"class":138},[47,5995,117],{"class":61},[47,5997,5998],{"class":138},"any",[47,6000,117],{"class":61},[47,6002,6003],{"class":113},"values",[47,6005,6006],{"class":61},"))",[47,6008,4316],{"class":152},[20,6010,156,6011,6014,6015,6017],{},[15,6012,6013],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,6016,4255],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[33,6019,6021],{"id":6020},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,6023,6024,6026],{},[15,6025,5828],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,6028,6029],{},"It returns:",[174,6031,6032,6037,6042],{},[177,6033,6034,6036],{},[15,6035,4255],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[177,6038,6039,6041],{},[15,6040,4326],{}," if all items are falsy",[177,6043,6044,6046],{},[15,6045,4326],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,6048,6049],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[174,6051,6052,6055,6058],{},[177,6053,6054],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[177,6056,6057],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[177,6059,6060],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,6062,6063,6064,6067,6068,110],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[278,6065,6066],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[210,6069,6071],{"href":6070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,6072,4229],{},[33,6074,6076],{"id":6075},"syntax","Syntax",[20,6078,6079],{},"The syntax is simple:",[38,6081,6083],{"className":40,"code":6082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(iterable)\n",[15,6084,6085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6086,6087,6089,6091,6093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6088,5998],{"class":138},[47,6090,117],{"class":61},[47,6092,235],{"class":113},[47,6094,132],{"class":61},[20,6096,6097,6098,110],{},"The argument must be an ",[278,6099,235],{},[20,6101,6102],{},"Common inputs include:",[174,6104,6105,6107,6109,6111,6113],{},[177,6106,5944],{},[177,6108,5947],{},[177,6110,5950],{},[177,6112,5953],{},[177,6114,5956],{},[20,6116,6117],{},"For example:",[38,6119,6121],{"className":40,"code":6120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6122,6123,6145,6164,6184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6124,6125,6127,6129,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6126,139],{"class":138},[47,6128,117],{"class":61},[47,6130,5998],{"class":138},[47,6132,1258],{"class":61},[47,6134,436],{"class":349},[47,6136,75],{"class":61},[47,6138,350],{"class":349},[47,6140,75],{"class":61},[47,6142,2002],{"class":349},[47,6144,3649],{"class":61},[47,6146,6147,6149,6151,6153,6156,6158,6160,6162],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6148,139],{"class":138},[47,6150,117],{"class":61},[47,6152,5998],{"class":138},[47,6154,6155],{"class":61},"((",[47,6157,4326],{"class":559},[47,6159,75],{"class":61},[47,6161,1288],{"class":559},[47,6163,2425],{"class":61},[47,6165,6166,6168,6170,6172,6175,6177,6179,6181],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6167,139],{"class":138},[47,6169,117],{"class":61},[47,6171,5998],{"class":138},[47,6173,6174],{"class":61},"({",[47,6176,436],{"class":349},[47,6178,75],{"class":61},[47,6180,2409],{"class":349},[47,6182,6183],{"class":61},"}))\n",[47,6185,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,6187,139],{"class":138},[47,6189,117],{"class":61},[47,6191,5998],{"class":138},[47,6193,117],{"class":61},[47,6195,66],{"class":65},[47,6197,4492],{"class":69},[47,6199,66],{"class":65},[47,6201,2266],{"class":61},[20,6203,6204],{},"Expected output:",[38,6206,6208],{"className":40,"code":6207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6209,6210,6214,6218,6222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6211,6212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6213,4620],{"class":559},[47,6215,6216],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6217,4681],{"class":559},[47,6219,6220],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6221,4620],{"class":559},[47,6223,6224],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,6225,4620],{"class":559},[20,6227,6228,6229,110],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[210,6230,5779],{"href":6231},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[33,6233,4380],{"id":4379},[20,6235,4383,6236,3530,6239,4388],{},[278,6237,6238],{},"truthy",[278,6240,6241],{},"falsy",[174,6243,6244,6250],{},[177,6245,6246,4396,6248],{},[278,6247,4395],{},[15,6249,4255],{},[177,6251,6252,4396,6254],{},[278,6253,4403],{},[15,6255,4326],{},[20,6257,4408],{},[174,6259,6260,6264,6268,6272,6276,6280,6284,6288],{},[177,6261,6262],{},[15,6263,4326],{},[177,6265,6266],{},[15,6267,436],{},[177,6269,6270],{},[15,6271,4419],{},[177,6273,6274],{},[15,6275,4424],{},[177,6277,6278],{},[15,6279,805],{},[177,6281,6282],{},[15,6283,811],{},[177,6285,6286],{},[15,6287,817],{},[177,6289,6290],{},[15,6291,269],{},[20,6293,4447],{},[20,6295,6296],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[38,6298,6300],{"className":40,"code":6299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6301,6302,6316,6334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6303,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6305,139],{"class":138},[47,6307,117],{"class":61},[47,6309,5998],{"class":138},[47,6311,1258],{"class":61},[47,6313,917],{"class":349},[47,6315,3649],{"class":61},[47,6317,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330,6332],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6319,139],{"class":138},[47,6321,117],{"class":61},[47,6323,5998],{"class":138},[47,6325,1258],{"class":61},[47,6327,385],{"class":65},[47,6329,4492],{"class":69},[47,6331,385],{"class":65},[47,6333,3649],{"class":61},[47,6335,6336,6338,6340,6342,6345,6347,6349,6351,6353,6355],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6337,139],{"class":138},[47,6339,117],{"class":61},[47,6341,5998],{"class":138},[47,6343,6344],{"class":61},"([[",[47,6346,917],{"class":349},[47,6348,75],{"class":61},[47,6350,2409],{"class":349},[47,6352,75],{"class":61},[47,6354,2414],{"class":349},[47,6356,6357],{"class":61},"]]))\n",[20,6359,6204],{},[38,6361,6363],{"className":40,"code":6362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6364,6365,6369,6373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6366,6367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6368,4620],{"class":559},[47,6370,6371],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6372,4620],{"class":559},[47,6374,6375],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6376,4620],{"class":559},[20,6378,6379],{},"And these are all falsy:",[38,6381,6383],{"className":40,"code":6382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6384,6385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6386,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6401,6403,6405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6388,139],{"class":138},[47,6390,117],{"class":61},[47,6392,5998],{"class":138},[47,6394,1258],{"class":61},[47,6396,436],{"class":349},[47,6398,75],{"class":61},[47,6400,4485],{"class":65},[47,6402,75],{"class":61},[47,6404,560],{"class":559},[47,6406,3649],{"class":61},[20,6408,6204],{},[38,6410,6411],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6412,6413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6414,6415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6416,4681],{"class":559},[20,6418,6419,6420,5036,6423,110],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[210,6421,4454],{"href":6422},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[210,6424,6426,6428],{"href":6425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6427,4460],{}," explained",[33,6430,284],{"id":283},[20,6432,6433],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[38,6435,6437],{"className":40,"code":6436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6438,6439,6459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6440,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6442,4470],{"class":53},[47,6444,58],{"class":57},[47,6446,62],{"class":61},[47,6448,436],{"class":349},[47,6450,75],{"class":61},[47,6452,4485],{"class":65},[47,6454,75],{"class":61},[47,6456,5249],{"class":349},[47,6458,95],{"class":61},[47,6460,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6462,139],{"class":138},[47,6464,117],{"class":61},[47,6466,5998],{"class":138},[47,6468,117],{"class":61},[47,6470,6003],{"class":113},[47,6472,2266],{"class":61},[20,6474,372],{},[38,6476,6477],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6478,6479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6480,6481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6482,4620],{"class":559},[20,6484,5084],{},[174,6486,6487,6492,6496],{},[177,6488,6489,6491],{},[15,6490,436],{}," is falsy",[177,6493,6494,6491],{},[15,6495,4424],{},[177,6497,6498,6500],{},[15,6499,2784],{}," is truthy",[20,6502,6503,6504,3048,6507,110],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6505,6506],{},"any(values)",[15,6508,4255],{},[20,6510,6511],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[38,6513,6515],{"className":40,"code":6514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6516,6517,6541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6518,6519,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537,6539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6520,4470],{"class":53},[47,6522,58],{"class":57},[47,6524,62],{"class":61},[47,6526,436],{"class":349},[47,6528,75],{"class":61},[47,6530,4485],{"class":65},[47,6532,75],{"class":61},[47,6534,560],{"class":559},[47,6536,75],{"class":61},[47,6538,1288],{"class":559},[47,6540,95],{"class":61},[47,6542,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6544,139],{"class":138},[47,6546,117],{"class":61},[47,6548,5998],{"class":138},[47,6550,117],{"class":61},[47,6552,6003],{"class":113},[47,6554,2266],{"class":61},[20,6556,372],{},[38,6558,6559],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6560,6561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6562,6563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6564,4681],{"class":559},[20,6566,6567,6568,110],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6569,4326],{},[33,6571,6573],{"id":6572},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6575,6576,6578,6579,110],{},[15,6577,5828],{}," is often used with a ",[278,6580,6581],{},"generator expression",[20,6583,6584],{},"This is a common pattern:",[38,6586,6588],{"className":40,"code":6587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6589,6590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6591,6592,6594,6596,6599,6602,6605,6607,6610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6593,5998],{"class":138},[47,6595,117],{"class":61},[47,6597,6598],{"class":113},"condition ",[47,6600,6601],{"class":1107},"for",[47,6603,6604],{"class":113}," item ",[47,6606,1114],{"class":1107},[47,6608,6609],{"class":113}," items",[47,6611,132],{"class":61},[20,6613,6614],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6616,6617],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[38,6619,6621],{"className":40,"code":6620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6622,6623,6651,6655,6682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6624,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6626,4270],{"class":53},[47,6628,58],{"class":57},[47,6630,62],{"class":61},[47,6632,3156],{"class":349},[47,6634,75],{"class":61},[47,6636,6637],{"class":349}," 7",[47,6639,75],{"class":61},[47,6641,2871],{"class":57},[47,6643,2705],{"class":349},[47,6645,75],{"class":61},[47,6647,6648],{"class":349}," 10",[47,6650,95],{"class":61},[47,6652,6653],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6654,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,6656,6657,6659,6661,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6658,2879],{"class":53},[47,6660,58],{"class":57},[47,6662,6663],{"class":138}," any",[47,6665,117],{"class":61},[47,6667,3675],{"class":113},[47,6669,3941],{"class":57},[47,6671,350],{"class":349},[47,6673,1108],{"class":1107},[47,6675,4524],{"class":113},[47,6677,1114],{"class":1107},[47,6679,4905],{"class":113},[47,6681,132],{"class":61},[47,6683,6684,6686,6688,6690],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,6685,139],{"class":138},[47,6687,117],{"class":61},[47,6689,2914],{"class":113},[47,6691,132],{"class":61},[20,6693,372],{},[38,6695,6696],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6697,6698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6699,6700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6701,4620],{"class":559},[20,6703,6704,6705,6708],{},"This works because ",[15,6706,6707],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[174,6710,6711,6719,6726],{},[177,6712,6713,6716,6717],{},[15,6714,6715],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6718,4326],{},[177,6720,6721,6716,6724],{},[15,6722,6723],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6725,4326],{},[177,6727,6728,6716,6731],{},[15,6729,6730],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6732,4255],{},[20,6734,6735,6736,6738,6739,6741,6742,110],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6737,4255],{}," result, ",[15,6740,5828],{}," can return ",[15,6743,4255],{},[20,6745,6746],{},"Here is another example:",[38,6748,6750],{"className":40,"code":6749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6751,6752,6781,6785,6815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6753,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6755,4711],{"class":53},[47,6757,58],{"class":57},[47,6759,62],{"class":61},[47,6761,66],{"class":65},[47,6763,4720],{"class":69},[47,6765,66],{"class":65},[47,6767,75],{"class":61},[47,6769,6770],{"class":65}," \"\"",[47,6772,75],{"class":61},[47,6774,78],{"class":65},[47,6776,4729],{"class":69},[47,6778,66],{"class":65},[47,6780,95],{"class":61},[47,6782,6783],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6784,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,6786,6787,6790,6792,6794,6796,6799,6801,6803,6805,6808,6810,6813],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6788,6789],{"class":53},"has_empty_string ",[47,6791,58],{"class":57},[47,6793,6663],{"class":138},[47,6795,117],{"class":61},[47,6797,6798],{"class":113},"word ",[47,6800,5332],{"class":57},[47,6802,6770],{"class":65},[47,6804,1108],{"class":1107},[47,6806,6807],{"class":113}," word ",[47,6809,1114],{"class":1107},[47,6811,6812],{"class":113}," words",[47,6814,132],{"class":61},[47,6816,6817,6819,6821,6824],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,6818,139],{"class":138},[47,6820,117],{"class":61},[47,6822,6823],{"class":113},"has_empty_string",[47,6825,132],{"class":61},[20,6827,372],{},[38,6829,6830],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6831,6832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6833,6834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6835,4620],{"class":559},[20,6837,6838,6839,110],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[210,6840,6842],{"href":6841},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6844,6846],{"id":6845},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6848,6849,6850,172],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6851,4326],{},[38,6853,6855],{"className":40,"code":6854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6856,6857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6858,6859,6861,6863,6865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6860,139],{"class":138},[47,6862,117],{"class":61},[47,6864,5998],{"class":138},[47,6866,5071],{"class":61},[20,6868,372],{},[38,6870,6871],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6872,6873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6874,6875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6876,4681],{"class":559},[20,6878,6879],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6881,6882,6883,6885],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6884,5828],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6887,6888],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[38,6890,6892],{"className":40,"code":6891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6893,6894,6904,6919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6895,6896,6898,6900,6902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6897,139],{"class":138},[47,6899,117],{"class":61},[47,6901,5998],{"class":138},[47,6903,5129],{"class":61},[47,6905,6906,6908,6910,6912,6914,6917],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6907,139],{"class":138},[47,6909,117],{"class":61},[47,6911,5998],{"class":138},[47,6913,117],{"class":61},[47,6915,6916],{"class":65},"\"\"",[47,6918,2266],{"class":61},[47,6920,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929,6932],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6922,139],{"class":138},[47,6924,117],{"class":61},[47,6926,5998],{"class":138},[47,6928,117],{"class":61},[47,6930,6931],{"class":106},"set",[47,6933,6934],{"class":61},"()))\n",[20,6936,372],{},[38,6938,6940],{"className":40,"code":6939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6941,6942,6946,6950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6943,6944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6945,4681],{"class":559},[47,6947,6948],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,6949,4681],{"class":559},[47,6951,6952],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,6953,4681],{"class":559},[33,6955,6957],{"id":6956},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6959,156,6960,6962],{},[15,6961,5828],{}," when you want to:",[174,6964,6965,6968,6971],{},[177,6966,6967],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[177,6969,6970],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[177,6972,6973],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6975,6976],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[38,6978,6980],{"className":40,"code":6979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6981,6982,7007,7011,7021,7025,7039,7058,7067,7073,7078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6983,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002,7005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6985,4270],{"class":53},[47,6987,58],{"class":57},[47,6989,62],{"class":61},[47,6991,917],{"class":349},[47,6993,75],{"class":61},[47,6995,2414],{"class":349},[47,6997,75],{"class":61},[47,6999,5249],{"class":349},[47,7001,75],{"class":61},[47,7003,7004],{"class":349}," 8",[47,7006,95],{"class":61},[47,7008,7009],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7010,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,7012,7013,7016,7018],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,7014,7015],{"class":53},"found_even ",[47,7017,58],{"class":57},[47,7019,7020],{"class":559}," False\n",[47,7022,7023],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,7024,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,7026,7027,7029,7032,7034,7036],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,7028,6601],{"class":1107},[47,7030,7031],{"class":53}," number ",[47,7033,1114],{"class":1107},[47,7035,4905],{"class":53},[47,7037,7038],{"class":61},":\n",[47,7040,7041,7044,7046,7049,7051,7054,7056],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,7042,7043],{"class":1107},"    if",[47,7045,7031],{"class":53},[47,7047,7048],{"class":57},"%",[47,7050,2409],{"class":349},[47,7052,7053],{"class":57}," ==",[47,7055,350],{"class":349},[47,7057,7038],{"class":61},[47,7059,7060,7063,7065],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,7061,7062],{"class":53},"        found_even ",[47,7064,58],{"class":57},[47,7066,1518],{"class":559},[47,7068,7070],{"class":49,"line":7069},8,[47,7071,7072],{"class":1107},"        break\n",[47,7074,7076],{"class":49,"line":7075},9,[47,7077,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,7079,7081,7083,7085,7088],{"class":49,"line":7080},10,[47,7082,139],{"class":138},[47,7084,117],{"class":61},[47,7086,7087],{"class":113},"found_even",[47,7089,132],{"class":61},[20,7091,7092],{},"You can write:",[38,7094,7096],{"className":40,"code":7095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,7097,7098,7122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7099,7100,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7101,4270],{"class":53},[47,7103,58],{"class":57},[47,7105,62],{"class":61},[47,7107,917],{"class":349},[47,7109,75],{"class":61},[47,7111,2414],{"class":349},[47,7113,75],{"class":61},[47,7115,5249],{"class":349},[47,7117,75],{"class":61},[47,7119,7004],{"class":349},[47,7121,95],{"class":61},[47,7123,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142,7144,7146,7148,7150],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7125,139],{"class":138},[47,7127,117],{"class":61},[47,7129,5998],{"class":138},[47,7131,117],{"class":61},[47,7133,2866],{"class":113},[47,7135,7048],{"class":57},[47,7137,2409],{"class":349},[47,7139,7053],{"class":57},[47,7141,350],{"class":349},[47,7143,1108],{"class":1107},[47,7145,7031],{"class":113},[47,7147,1114],{"class":1107},[47,7149,4905],{"class":113},[47,7151,2266],{"class":61},[20,7153,7154,7155,7157],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7156,5828],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[33,7159,5162],{"id":5161},[20,7161,7162,7163,110],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7164,5828],{},[244,7166,7168],{"id":7167},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7170,5169],{},[38,7172,7174],{"className":40,"code":7173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7175,7176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7177,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7179,139],{"class":138},[47,7181,117],{"class":61},[47,7183,5998],{"class":138},[47,7185,117],{"class":61},[47,7187,2784],{"class":349},[47,7189,2266],{"class":61},[20,7191,7192,7193,7195],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7194,2784],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7197,7198],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[38,7200,7202],{"className":40,"code":7201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7203,7204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7205,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214,7216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7207,139],{"class":138},[47,7209,117],{"class":61},[47,7211,5998],{"class":138},[47,7213,1258],{"class":61},[47,7215,2784],{"class":349},[47,7217,3649],{"class":61},[244,7219,7221],{"id":7220},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7223,7224,7226,7227,7230],{},[15,7225,5828],{}," needs only ",[278,7228,7229],{},"one"," truthy item.",[38,7232,7234],{"className":40,"code":7233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7235,7236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7237,7238,7240,7242,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7239,139],{"class":138},[47,7241,117],{"class":61},[47,7243,5998],{"class":138},[47,7245,1258],{"class":61},[47,7247,4326],{"class":559},[47,7249,75],{"class":61},[47,7251,1288],{"class":559},[47,7253,75],{"class":61},[47,7255,1444],{"class":559},[47,7257,3649],{"class":61},[20,7259,372],{},[38,7261,7262],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7263,7264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7265,7266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7267,4620],{"class":559},[20,7269,7270,7271,7275],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[210,7272,7273],{"href":6070},[15,7274,4229],{}," instead.",[244,7277,7279],{"id":7278},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7281,7282,7283,110],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7284,7285],{},"\"True\"",[38,7287,7289],{"className":40,"code":7288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7290,7291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7292,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301,7303,7305,7307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7294,139],{"class":138},[47,7296,117],{"class":61},[47,7298,5998],{"class":138},[47,7300,1258],{"class":61},[47,7302,66],{"class":65},[47,7304,4326],{"class":69},[47,7306,66],{"class":65},[47,7308,3649],{"class":61},[20,7310,372],{},[38,7312,7313],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7314,7315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7316,7317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7318,4620],{"class":559},[20,7320,7321,7322,7325],{},"That is because ",[15,7323,7324],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[244,7327,7329],{"id":7328},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7331,7332],{},"This works:",[38,7334,7336],{"className":40,"code":7335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7337,7338,7358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7339,7340,7342,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7341,4270],{"class":53},[47,7343,58],{"class":57},[47,7345,62],{"class":61},[47,7347,917],{"class":349},[47,7349,75],{"class":61},[47,7351,2409],{"class":349},[47,7353,75],{"class":61},[47,7355,2414],{"class":349},[47,7357,95],{"class":61},[47,7359,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7361,139],{"class":138},[47,7363,117],{"class":61},[47,7365,5998],{"class":138},[47,7367,1258],{"class":61},[47,7369,3675],{"class":113},[47,7371,4894],{"class":57},[47,7373,2409],{"class":349},[47,7375,1108],{"class":1107},[47,7377,4524],{"class":113},[47,7379,1114],{"class":1107},[47,7381,4905],{"class":113},[47,7383,3649],{"class":61},[20,7385,7386],{},"But this is usually better:",[38,7388,7390],{"className":40,"code":7389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7391,7392,7412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7393,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7395,4270],{"class":53},[47,7397,58],{"class":57},[47,7399,62],{"class":61},[47,7401,917],{"class":349},[47,7403,75],{"class":61},[47,7405,2409],{"class":349},[47,7407,75],{"class":61},[47,7409,2414],{"class":349},[47,7411,95],{"class":61},[47,7413,7414,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430,7432,7434,7436],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7415,139],{"class":138},[47,7417,117],{"class":61},[47,7419,5998],{"class":138},[47,7421,117],{"class":61},[47,7423,3675],{"class":113},[47,7425,4894],{"class":57},[47,7427,2409],{"class":349},[47,7429,1108],{"class":1107},[47,7431,4524],{"class":113},[47,7433,1114],{"class":1107},[47,7435,4905],{"class":113},[47,7437,2266],{"class":61},[20,7439,7440],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[33,7442,2429],{"id":2428},[244,7444,7446],{"id":7445},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7448,5791,7449,7451,7452,110],{},[15,7450,4255],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7453,4326],{},[244,7455,7457],{"id":7456},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7459,7460,3048,7462,7464],{},[15,7461,5828],{},[15,7463,4326],{}," for an empty iterable.",[244,7466,7468],{"id":7467},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7470,7471,7473,7474,7476],{},[15,7472,5828],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7475,4229],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[244,7478,7480],{"id":7479},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7482,7483],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[38,7485,7486],{"className":40,"code":6587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7487,7488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7489,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502,7504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7491,5998],{"class":138},[47,7493,117],{"class":61},[47,7495,6598],{"class":113},[47,7497,6601],{"class":1107},[47,7499,6604],{"class":113},[47,7501,1114],{"class":1107},[47,7503,6609],{"class":113},[47,7505,132],{"class":61},[20,7507,6117],{},[38,7509,7510],{"className":40,"code":7389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7511,7512,7532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7513,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526,7528,7530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7515,4270],{"class":53},[47,7517,58],{"class":57},[47,7519,62],{"class":61},[47,7521,917],{"class":349},[47,7523,75],{"class":61},[47,7525,2409],{"class":349},[47,7527,75],{"class":61},[47,7529,2414],{"class":349},[47,7531,95],{"class":61},[47,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7535,139],{"class":138},[47,7537,117],{"class":61},[47,7539,5998],{"class":138},[47,7541,117],{"class":61},[47,7543,3675],{"class":113},[47,7545,4894],{"class":57},[47,7547,2409],{"class":349},[47,7549,1108],{"class":1107},[47,7551,4524],{"class":113},[47,7553,1114],{"class":1107},[47,7555,4905],{"class":113},[47,7557,2266],{"class":61},[33,7559,2526],{"id":2525},[174,7561,7562,7568,7572,7576,7581],{},[177,7563,7564],{},[210,7565,7566,4159],{"href":6070},[15,7567,4229],{},[177,7569,7570],{},[210,7571,4454],{"href":6422},[177,7573,7574],{},[210,7575,5860],{"href":6231},[177,7577,7578],{},[210,7579,7580],{"href":6841},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[177,7582,7583],{},[210,7584,7585,4159],{"href":6425},[15,7586,4460],{},[2563,7588,7589],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":7591},[7592,7593,7594,7595,7596,7597,7598,7599,7605,7611],{"id":6020,"depth":98,"text":6021},{"id":6075,"depth":98,"text":6076},{"id":4379,"depth":98,"text":4380},{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":6572,"depth":98,"text":6573},{"id":6845,"depth":98,"text":6846},{"id":6956,"depth":98,"text":6957},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":7600},[7601,7602,7603,7604],{"id":7167,"depth":135,"text":7168},{"id":7220,"depth":135,"text":7221},{"id":7278,"depth":135,"text":7279},{"id":7328,"depth":135,"text":7329},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":7606},[7607,7608,7609,7610],{"id":7445,"depth":135,"text":7446},{"id":7456,"depth":135,"text":7457},{"id":7467,"depth":135,"text":7468},{"id":7479,"depth":135,"text":7480},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5923,"description":7612},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7618,"title":7619,"body":7620,"description":9749,"extension":2611,"meta":9750,"navigation":357,"path":9751,"seo":9752,"stem":9753,"__hash__":9754},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7621,"toc":9712},[7622,7625,7634,7644,7646,7743,7745,7774,7790,7794,7799,7802,7812,7818,7824,7840,7842,7850,7857,7861,7864,7879,7884,7902,7907,7909,7957,7959,7976,7980,7986,7989,8024,8026,8132,8134,8171,8175,8183,8185,8205,8207,8327,8329,8358,8361,8384,8386,8394,8402,8406,8412,8416,8459,8461,8469,8472,8500,8502,8510,8514,8543,8545,8553,8585,8587,8595,8599,8649,8651,8659,8667,8671,8674,8727,8729,8749,8756,8760,8766,8769,8777,8799,8801,8809,8817,8840,8842,8850,8855,8860,8872,8874,8915,8926,8930,8939,8942,8945,9004,9007,9059,9062,9067,9082,9088,9090,9095,9103,9106,9128,9130,9138,9143,9146,9181,9183,9191,9195,9200,9238,9250,9253,9308,9316,9320,9323,9345,9354,9357,9398,9400,9423,9429,9435,9450,9452,9471,9474,9493,9495,9514,9518,9524,9603,9606,9620,9627,9629,9633,9640,9644,9648,9652,9657,9661,9666,9670,9677,9679,9709],[10,7623,7619],{"id":7624},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7626,2628,7627,7629,7630,3530,7632,110],{},[15,7628,4460],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7631,4255],{},[15,7633,4326],{},[20,7635,7636,7637,7639,7640,7643],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7638,4460],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7641,7642],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[33,7645,4260],{"id":4259},[38,7647,7649],{"className":40,"code":7648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7650,7651,7665,7679,7693,7711,7721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7652,7653,7655,7657,7659,7661,7663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7654,139],{"class":138},[47,7656,117],{"class":61},[47,7658,4513],{"class":106},[47,7660,117],{"class":61},[47,7662,436],{"class":349},[47,7664,2266],{"class":61},[47,7666,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675,7677],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7668,139],{"class":138},[47,7670,117],{"class":61},[47,7672,4513],{"class":106},[47,7674,117],{"class":61},[47,7676,917],{"class":349},[47,7678,2266],{"class":61},[47,7680,7681,7683,7685,7687,7689,7691],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,7682,139],{"class":138},[47,7684,117],{"class":61},[47,7686,4513],{"class":106},[47,7688,117],{"class":61},[47,7690,6916],{"class":65},[47,7692,2266],{"class":61},[47,7694,7695,7697,7699,7701,7703,7705,7707,7709],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,7696,139],{"class":138},[47,7698,117],{"class":61},[47,7700,4513],{"class":106},[47,7702,117],{"class":61},[47,7704,66],{"class":65},[47,7706,4492],{"class":69},[47,7708,66],{"class":65},[47,7710,2266],{"class":61},[47,7712,7713,7715,7717,7719],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,7714,139],{"class":138},[47,7716,117],{"class":61},[47,7718,4513],{"class":106},[47,7720,5071],{"class":61},[47,7722,7723,7725,7727,7729,7731,7733,7735,7737,7739,7741],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,7724,139],{"class":138},[47,7726,117],{"class":61},[47,7728,4513],{"class":106},[47,7730,1258],{"class":61},[47,7732,917],{"class":349},[47,7734,75],{"class":61},[47,7736,2409],{"class":349},[47,7738,75],{"class":61},[47,7740,2414],{"class":349},[47,7742,3649],{"class":61},[20,7744,6204],{},[38,7746,7748],{"className":40,"code":7747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7749,7750,7754,7758,7762,7766,7770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7751,7752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7753,4681],{"class":559},[47,7755,7756],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7757,4620],{"class":559},[47,7759,7760],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,7761,4681],{"class":559},[47,7763,7764],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,7765,4620],{"class":559},[47,7767,7768],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,7769,4681],{"class":559},[47,7771,7772],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,7773,4620],{"class":559},[20,7775,156,7776,7779,7780,3530,7782,7784,7785,7787,7788,110],{},[15,7777,7778],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7781,4255],{},[15,7783,4326],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7786,4326],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7789,4255],{},[33,7791,7793],{"id":7792},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7795,7796,7798],{},[15,7797,4460],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7800,7801],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[174,7803,7804,7808],{},[177,7805,7806],{},[15,7807,4255],{},[177,7809,7810],{},[15,7811,4326],{},[20,7813,7814,7815,7817],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7816,7642],{}," statements.",[20,7819,7820,7821,7823],{},"You can also call ",[15,7822,4460],{}," with no argument:",[38,7825,7827],{"className":40,"code":7826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool())\n",[15,7828,7829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7830,7831,7833,7835,7837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7832,139],{"class":138},[47,7834,117],{"class":61},[47,7836,4513],{"class":106},[47,7838,7839],{"class":61},"())\n",[20,7841,372],{},[38,7843,7844],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7845,7846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7847,7848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7849,4681],{"class":559},[20,7851,7852,7853,110],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[210,7854,7856],{"href":7855},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[33,7858,7860],{"id":7859},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7862,7863],{},"The basic syntax is:",[38,7865,7867],{"className":40,"code":7866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bool(value)\n",[15,7868,7869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7870,7871,7873,7875,7877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7872,4513],{"class":106},[47,7874,117],{"class":61},[47,7876,259],{"class":113},[47,7878,132],{"class":61},[20,7880,2628,7881,7883],{},[15,7882,259],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[174,7885,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894,7897,7899],{},[177,7887,4300],{},[177,7889,5953],{},[177,7891,5944],{},[177,7893,5947],{},[177,7895,7896],{},"dictionaries",[177,7898,5950],{},[177,7900,7901],{},"other objects",[20,7903,7904,7905,110],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7906,4326],{},[20,7908,603],{},[38,7910,7912],{"className":40,"code":7911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7913,7914,7928,7947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7915,7916,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7917,139],{"class":138},[47,7919,117],{"class":61},[47,7921,4513],{"class":106},[47,7923,117],{"class":61},[47,7925,2981],{"class":349},[47,7927,2266],{"class":61},[47,7929,7930,7932,7934,7936,7938,7940,7943,7945],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7931,139],{"class":138},[47,7933,117],{"class":61},[47,7935,4513],{"class":106},[47,7937,117],{"class":61},[47,7939,66],{"class":65},[47,7941,7942],{"class":69},"Python",[47,7944,66],{"class":65},[47,7946,2266],{"class":61},[47,7948,7949,7951,7953,7955],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,7950,139],{"class":138},[47,7952,117],{"class":61},[47,7954,4513],{"class":106},[47,7956,7839],{"class":61},[20,7958,372],{},[38,7960,7962],{"className":40,"code":7961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7963,7964,7968,7972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7965,7966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7967,4620],{"class":559},[47,7969,7970],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,7971,4620],{"class":559},[47,7973,7974],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,7975,4681],{"class":559},[33,7977,7979],{"id":7978},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7981,7982,7983,7985],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[278,7984,6241],{}," values.",[20,7987,7988],{},"Common examples:",[174,7990,7991,7995,7999,8003,8007,8012,8016,8020],{},[177,7992,7993],{},[15,7994,436],{},[177,7996,7997],{},[15,7998,4419],{},[177,8000,8001],{},[15,8002,6916],{},[177,8004,8005],{},[15,8006,805],{},[177,8008,8009],{},[15,8010,8011],{},"()",[177,8013,8014],{},[15,8015,811],{},[177,8017,8018],{},[15,8019,817],{},[177,8021,8022],{},[15,8023,269],{},[20,8025,603],{},[38,8027,8029],{"className":40,"code":8028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,8030,8031,8045,8059,8073,8083,8093,8104,8118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8032,8033,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8034,139],{"class":138},[47,8036,117],{"class":61},[47,8038,4513],{"class":106},[47,8040,117],{"class":61},[47,8042,436],{"class":349},[47,8044,2266],{"class":61},[47,8046,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8048,139],{"class":138},[47,8050,117],{"class":61},[47,8052,4513],{"class":106},[47,8054,117],{"class":61},[47,8056,4419],{"class":349},[47,8058,2266],{"class":61},[47,8060,8061,8063,8065,8067,8069,8071],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,8062,139],{"class":138},[47,8064,117],{"class":61},[47,8066,4513],{"class":106},[47,8068,117],{"class":61},[47,8070,6916],{"class":65},[47,8072,2266],{"class":61},[47,8074,8075,8077,8079,8081],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,8076,139],{"class":138},[47,8078,117],{"class":61},[47,8080,4513],{"class":106},[47,8082,5071],{"class":61},[47,8084,8085,8087,8089,8091],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,8086,139],{"class":138},[47,8088,117],{"class":61},[47,8090,4513],{"class":106},[47,8092,5129],{"class":61},[47,8094,8095,8097,8099,8101],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,8096,139],{"class":138},[47,8098,117],{"class":61},[47,8100,4513],{"class":106},[47,8102,8103],{"class":61},"({}))\n",[47,8105,8106,8108,8110,8112,8114,8116],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,8107,139],{"class":138},[47,8109,117],{"class":61},[47,8111,4513],{"class":106},[47,8113,117],{"class":61},[47,8115,6931],{"class":106},[47,8117,6934],{"class":61},[47,8119,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,8121,139],{"class":138},[47,8123,117],{"class":61},[47,8125,4513],{"class":106},[47,8127,117],{"class":61},[47,8129,269],{"class":559},[47,8131,2266],{"class":61},[20,8133,372],{},[38,8135,8137],{"className":40,"code":8136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8138,8139,8143,8147,8151,8155,8159,8163,8167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8140,8141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8142,4681],{"class":559},[47,8144,8145],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8146,4681],{"class":559},[47,8148,8149],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,8150,4681],{"class":559},[47,8152,8153],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,8154,4681],{"class":559},[47,8156,8157],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,8158,4681],{"class":559},[47,8160,8161],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,8162,4681],{"class":559},[47,8164,8165],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,8166,4681],{"class":559},[47,8168,8169],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,8170,4681],{"class":559},[33,8172,8174],{"id":8173},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8176,8177,8178,8180,8181,7985],{},"Many values become ",[15,8179,4255],{},". These are often called ",[278,8182,6238],{},[20,8184,7988],{},[174,8186,8187,8190,8193,8196,8199,8202],{},[177,8188,8189],{},"non-zero numbers",[177,8191,8192],{},"non-empty strings",[177,8194,8195],{},"non-empty lists",[177,8197,8198],{},"non-empty tuples",[177,8200,8201],{},"non-empty sets",[177,8203,8204],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8206,603],{},[38,8208,8210],{"className":40,"code":8209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8211,8212,8226,8242,8260,8282,8300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8213,8214,8216,8218,8220,8222,8224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8215,139],{"class":138},[47,8217,117],{"class":61},[47,8219,4513],{"class":106},[47,8221,117],{"class":61},[47,8223,2784],{"class":349},[47,8225,2266],{"class":61},[47,8227,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8229,139],{"class":138},[47,8231,117],{"class":61},[47,8233,4513],{"class":106},[47,8235,117],{"class":61},[47,8237,2670],{"class":57},[47,8239,2705],{"class":349},[47,8241,2266],{"class":61},[47,8243,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8254,8256,8258],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,8245,139],{"class":138},[47,8247,117],{"class":61},[47,8249,4513],{"class":106},[47,8251,117],{"class":61},[47,8253,66],{"class":65},[47,8255,4492],{"class":69},[47,8257,66],{"class":65},[47,8259,2266],{"class":61},[47,8261,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278,8280],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,8263,139],{"class":138},[47,8265,117],{"class":61},[47,8267,4513],{"class":106},[47,8269,1258],{"class":61},[47,8271,917],{"class":349},[47,8273,75],{"class":61},[47,8275,2409],{"class":349},[47,8277,75],{"class":61},[47,8279,2414],{"class":349},[47,8281,3649],{"class":61},[47,8283,8284,8286,8288,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,8285,139],{"class":138},[47,8287,117],{"class":61},[47,8289,4513],{"class":106},[47,8291,6155],{"class":61},[47,8293,917],{"class":349},[47,8295,75],{"class":61},[47,8297,2409],{"class":349},[47,8299,2425],{"class":61},[47,8301,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312,8314,8316,8318,8320,8323,8325],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,8303,139],{"class":138},[47,8305,117],{"class":61},[47,8307,4513],{"class":106},[47,8309,6174],{"class":61},[47,8311,66],{"class":65},[47,8313,70],{"class":69},[47,8315,66],{"class":65},[47,8317,172],{"class":61},[47,8319,78],{"class":65},[47,8321,8322],{"class":69},"Sam",[47,8324,66],{"class":65},[47,8326,6183],{"class":61},[20,8328,372],{},[38,8330,8332],{"className":40,"code":8331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8333,8334,8338,8342,8346,8350,8354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8335,8336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8337,4620],{"class":559},[47,8339,8340],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8341,4620],{"class":559},[47,8343,8344],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,8345,4620],{"class":559},[47,8347,8348],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,8349,4620],{"class":559},[47,8351,8352],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,8353,4620],{"class":559},[47,8355,8356],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,8357,4620],{"class":559},[20,8359,8360],{},"One important example is this:",[38,8362,8364],{"className":40,"code":8363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8365,8366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8367,8368,8370,8372,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8369,139],{"class":138},[47,8371,117],{"class":61},[47,8373,4513],{"class":106},[47,8375,117],{"class":61},[47,8377,66],{"class":65},[47,8379,4326],{"class":69},[47,8381,66],{"class":65},[47,8383,2266],{"class":61},[20,8385,372],{},[38,8387,8388],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8389,8390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8391,8392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8393,4620],{"class":559},[20,8395,8396,8397,8399,8400,110],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8398,7324],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8401,4255],{},[33,8403,8405],{"id":8404},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8407,8408,8409,8411],{},"You can use ",[15,8410,4460],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[244,8413,8415],{"id":8414},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[38,8417,8419],{"className":40,"code":8418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8420,8421,8444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8422,8423,8426,8428,8430,8432,8434,8437,8439,8442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8424,8425],{"class":53},"items ",[47,8427,58],{"class":57},[47,8429,62],{"class":61},[47,8431,2981],{"class":349},[47,8433,75],{"class":61},[47,8435,8436],{"class":349}," 20",[47,8438,75],{"class":61},[47,8440,8441],{"class":349}," 30",[47,8443,95],{"class":61},[47,8445,8446,8448,8450,8452,8454,8457],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8447,139],{"class":138},[47,8449,117],{"class":61},[47,8451,4513],{"class":106},[47,8453,117],{"class":61},[47,8455,8456],{"class":113},"items",[47,8458,2266],{"class":61},[20,8460,372],{},[38,8462,8463],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8464,8465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8466,8467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8468,4620],{"class":559},[20,8470,8471],{},"With an empty list:",[38,8473,8475],{"className":40,"code":8474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8476,8477,8486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8478,8479,8481,8483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8480,8425],{"class":53},[47,8482,58],{"class":57},[47,8484,8485],{"class":61}," []\n",[47,8487,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496,8498],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8489,139],{"class":138},[47,8491,117],{"class":61},[47,8493,4513],{"class":106},[47,8495,117],{"class":61},[47,8497,8456],{"class":113},[47,8499,2266],{"class":61},[20,8501,372],{},[38,8503,8504],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8505,8506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8507,8508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8509,4681],{"class":559},[244,8511,8513],{"id":8512},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[38,8515,8517],{"className":40,"code":8516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8518,8519,8529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8520,8521,8524,8526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8522,8523],{"class":53},"name ",[47,8525,58],{"class":57},[47,8527,8528],{"class":65}," \"\"\n",[47,8530,8531,8533,8535,8537,8539,8541],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8532,139],{"class":138},[47,8534,117],{"class":61},[47,8536,4513],{"class":106},[47,8538,117],{"class":61},[47,8540,70],{"class":113},[47,8542,2266],{"class":61},[20,8544,372],{},[38,8546,8547],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8548,8549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8550,8551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8552,4681],{"class":559},[38,8554,8556],{"className":40,"code":8555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8557,8558,8571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8559,8560,8562,8564,8566,8569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8561,8523],{"class":53},[47,8563,58],{"class":57},[47,8565,78],{"class":65},[47,8567,8568],{"class":69},"Mia",[47,8570,689],{"class":65},[47,8572,8573,8575,8577,8579,8581,8583],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8574,139],{"class":138},[47,8576,117],{"class":61},[47,8578,4513],{"class":106},[47,8580,117],{"class":61},[47,8582,70],{"class":113},[47,8584,2266],{"class":61},[20,8586,372],{},[38,8588,8589],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8590,8591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8592,8593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8594,4620],{"class":559},[244,8596,8598],{"id":8597},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[38,8600,8602],{"className":40,"code":8601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8603,8604,8618,8634,8638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8605,8606,8609,8611,8613,8616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8607,8608],{"class":53},"username ",[47,8610,58],{"class":57},[47,8612,78],{"class":65},[47,8614,8615],{"class":69},"alex",[47,8617,689],{"class":65},[47,8619,8620,8623,8625,8628,8630,8632],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8621,8622],{"class":53},"has_name ",[47,8624,58],{"class":57},[47,8626,8627],{"class":106}," bool",[47,8629,117],{"class":61},[47,8631,480],{"class":113},[47,8633,132],{"class":61},[47,8635,8636],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,8637,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,8639,8640,8642,8644,8647],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,8641,139],{"class":138},[47,8643,117],{"class":61},[47,8645,8646],{"class":113},"has_name",[47,8648,132],{"class":61},[20,8650,372],{},[38,8652,8653],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8654,8655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8656,8657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8658,4620],{"class":559},[20,8660,8661,8662,3530,8664,8666],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8663,4255],{},[15,8665,4326],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[244,8668,8670],{"id":8669},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8672,8673],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[38,8675,8677],{"className":40,"code":8676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8678,8679,8699,8703,8711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8680,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8682,4270],{"class":53},[47,8684,58],{"class":57},[47,8686,62],{"class":61},[47,8688,917],{"class":349},[47,8690,75],{"class":61},[47,8692,2409],{"class":349},[47,8694,75],{"class":61},[47,8696,2414],{"class":349},[47,8698,95],{"class":61},[47,8700,8701],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8702,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,8704,8705,8707,8709],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,8706,7642],{"class":1107},[47,8708,4905],{"class":53},[47,8710,7038],{"class":61},[47,8712,8713,8716,8718,8720,8723,8725],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,8714,8715],{"class":138},"    print",[47,8717,117],{"class":61},[47,8719,66],{"class":65},[47,8721,8722],{"class":69},"The list is not empty",[47,8724,66],{"class":65},[47,8726,132],{"class":61},[20,8728,372],{},[38,8730,8732],{"className":40,"code":8731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8733,8734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8735,8736,8738,8740,8743,8746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8737,2628],{"class":53},[47,8739,1892],{"class":106},[47,8741,8742],{"class":57}," is",[47,8744,8745],{"class":57}," not",[47,8747,8748],{"class":53}," empty\n",[20,8750,8751,8752,110],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[210,8753,8755],{"href":8754},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[33,8757,8759],{"id":8758},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8761,8762,8763,8765],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8764,4460],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8767,8768],{},"It does not do that.",[244,8770,8772,3048,8775],{"id":8771},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8773,8774],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8776,4255],{},[38,8778,8779],{"className":40,"code":8363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8780,8781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8782,8783,8785,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8784,139],{"class":138},[47,8786,117],{"class":61},[47,8788,4513],{"class":106},[47,8790,117],{"class":61},[47,8792,66],{"class":65},[47,8794,4326],{"class":69},[47,8796,66],{"class":65},[47,8798,2266],{"class":61},[20,8800,372],{},[38,8802,8803],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8804,8805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8806,8807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8808,4620],{"class":559},[244,8810,8812,3048,8815],{"id":8811},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8813,8814],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8816,4255],{},[38,8818,8820],{"className":40,"code":8819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8821,8822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8823,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8825,139],{"class":138},[47,8827,117],{"class":61},[47,8829,4513],{"class":106},[47,8831,117],{"class":61},[47,8833,66],{"class":65},[47,8835,436],{"class":69},[47,8837,66],{"class":65},[47,8839,2266],{"class":61},[20,8841,372],{},[38,8843,8844],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8845,8846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8847,8848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8849,4620],{"class":559},[20,8851,8852,8853,110],{},"This happens because both values are ",[278,8854,8192],{},[20,8856,8857,8859],{},[15,8858,4460],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8861,8862,8863,8868,8869,8871],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[210,8864,8866],{"href":8865},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8867,3609],{},", because ",[15,8870,3609],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8873,603],{},[38,8875,8877],{"className":40,"code":8876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8878,8879,8900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8880,8881,8884,8886,8889,8891,8893,8896,8898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8882,8883],{"class":53},"user_value ",[47,8885,58],{"class":57},[47,8887,8888],{"class":138}," input",[47,8890,117],{"class":61},[47,8892,66],{"class":65},[47,8894,8895],{"class":69},"Enter True or False: ",[47,8897,66],{"class":65},[47,8899,132],{"class":61},[47,8901,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8913],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8903,139],{"class":138},[47,8905,117],{"class":61},[47,8907,4513],{"class":106},[47,8909,117],{"class":61},[47,8911,8912],{"class":113},"user_value",[47,8914,2266],{"class":61},[20,8916,8917,8918,8920,8921,8868,8923,8925],{},"If the user types ",[15,8919,4326],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8922,4255],{},[15,8924,7324],{}," is not empty.",[33,8927,8929],{"id":8928},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8931,8932,8933,8935,8936,8938],{},"In many ",[15,8934,7642],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8937,4460],{}," yourself.",[20,8940,8941],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8943,8944],{},"Instead of this:",[38,8946,8948],{"className":40,"code":8947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8949,8950,8971,8975,8989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8951,8952,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8953,8954],{"class":53},"my_list ",[47,8956,58],{"class":57},[47,8958,62],{"class":61},[47,8960,917],{"class":349},[47,8962,75],{"class":61},[47,8964,2409],{"class":349},[47,8966,75],{"class":61},[47,8968,2414],{"class":349},[47,8970,95],{"class":61},[47,8972,8973],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,8974,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,8976,8977,8979,8981,8983,8986],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,8978,7642],{"class":1107},[47,8980,8627],{"class":106},[47,8982,117],{"class":61},[47,8984,8985],{"class":113},"my_list",[47,8987,8988],{"class":61},"):\n",[47,8990,8991,8993,8995,8997,9000,9002],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,8992,8715],{"class":138},[47,8994,117],{"class":61},[47,8996,66],{"class":65},[47,8998,8999],{"class":69},"List has items",[47,9001,66],{"class":65},[47,9003,132],{"class":61},[20,9005,9006],{},"You can simply write:",[38,9008,9010],{"className":40,"code":9009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9011,9012,9032,9036,9045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9013,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9015,8954],{"class":53},[47,9017,58],{"class":57},[47,9019,62],{"class":61},[47,9021,917],{"class":349},[47,9023,75],{"class":61},[47,9025,2409],{"class":349},[47,9027,75],{"class":61},[47,9029,2414],{"class":349},[47,9031,95],{"class":61},[47,9033,9034],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9035,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,9037,9038,9040,9043],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,9039,7642],{"class":1107},[47,9041,9042],{"class":53}," my_list",[47,9044,7038],{"class":61},[47,9046,9047,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,9048,8715],{"class":138},[47,9050,117],{"class":61},[47,9052,66],{"class":65},[47,9054,8999],{"class":69},[47,9056,66],{"class":65},[47,9058,132],{"class":61},[20,9060,9061],{},"Both examples work.",[20,9063,453,9064,9066],{},[15,9065,4460],{}," is still helpful when:",[174,9068,9069,9072,9079],{},[177,9070,9071],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[177,9073,9074,9075,3530,9077,240],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,9076,4255],{},[15,9078,4326],{},[177,9080,9081],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,9083,9084,9085,110],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[210,9086,9087],{"href":2949},"Python type() function explained",[33,9089,1641],{"id":1640},[20,9091,9092,9093,110],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,9094,4460],{},[244,9096,1968,9098,9100,9101],{"id":9097},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,9099,8774],{}," to return ",[15,9102,4326],{},[20,9104,9105],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[38,9107,9108],{"className":40,"code":8363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9109,9110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9111,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9113,139],{"class":138},[47,9115,117],{"class":61},[47,9117,4513],{"class":106},[47,9119,117],{"class":61},[47,9121,66],{"class":65},[47,9123,4326],{"class":69},[47,9125,66],{"class":65},[47,9127,2266],{"class":61},[20,9129,372],{},[38,9131,9132],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9133,9134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9135,9136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9137,4620],{"class":559},[20,9139,9140,9141,7325],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9142,7324],{},[20,9144,9145],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[38,9147,9149],{"className":40,"code":9148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9150,9151,9163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9152,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9154,3098],{"class":53},[47,9156,58],{"class":57},[47,9158,78],{"class":65},[47,9160,4326],{"class":69},[47,9162,689],{"class":65},[47,9164,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9166,139],{"class":138},[47,9168,117],{"class":61},[47,9170,3098],{"class":113},[47,9172,5332],{"class":57},[47,9174,78],{"class":65},[47,9176,4255],{"class":69},[47,9178,66],{"class":65},[47,9180,132],{"class":61},[20,9182,372],{},[38,9184,9185],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9186,9187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9188,9189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9190,4681],{"class":559},[244,9192,9194],{"id":9193},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9196,9197,9199],{},[15,9198,3609],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[38,9201,9203],{"className":40,"code":9202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9204,9205,9224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9206,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9220,9222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9208,3098],{"class":53},[47,9210,58],{"class":57},[47,9212,8888],{"class":138},[47,9214,117],{"class":61},[47,9216,66],{"class":65},[47,9218,9219],{"class":69},"Enter yes or no: ",[47,9221,66],{"class":65},[47,9223,132],{"class":61},[47,9225,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9227,139],{"class":138},[47,9229,117],{"class":61},[47,9231,4513],{"class":106},[47,9233,117],{"class":61},[47,9235,259],{"class":113},[47,9237,2266],{"class":61},[20,9239,8917,9240,9243,9244,9246,9247,8925],{},[15,9241,9242],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9245,4255],{}," because ",[15,9248,9249],{},"\"no\"",[20,9251,9252],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[38,9254,9256],{"className":40,"code":9255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9257,9258,9289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9259,9260,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272,9274,9277,9280,9283,9286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9261,3098],{"class":53},[47,9263,58],{"class":57},[47,9265,8888],{"class":138},[47,9267,117],{"class":61},[47,9269,66],{"class":65},[47,9271,9219],{"class":69},[47,9273,66],{"class":65},[47,9275,9276],{"class":61},").",[47,9278,9279],{"class":113},"strip",[47,9281,9282],{"class":61},"().",[47,9284,9285],{"class":113},"lower",[47,9287,9288],{"class":61},"()\n",[47,9290,9291,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301,9304,9306],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9292,139],{"class":138},[47,9294,117],{"class":61},[47,9296,3098],{"class":113},[47,9298,5332],{"class":57},[47,9300,78],{"class":65},[47,9302,9303],{"class":69},"yes",[47,9305,66],{"class":65},[47,9307,132],{"class":61},[20,9309,9310,9311,9313,9314,110],{},"This gives ",[15,9312,4255],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9315,9303],{},[244,9317,9319],{"id":9318},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9321,9322],{},"These are different:",[174,9324,9325,9329,9333,9337,9341],{},[177,9326,9327],{},[15,9328,4326],{},[177,9330,9331],{},[15,9332,436],{},[177,9334,9335],{},[15,9336,6916],{},[177,9338,9339],{},[15,9340,805],{},[177,9342,9343],{},[15,9344,269],{},[20,9346,9347,9348,9350,9351,9353],{},"They all become ",[15,9349,4326],{}," with ",[15,9352,4460],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9355,9356],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[38,9358,9360],{"className":40,"code":9359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9361,9362,9370,9384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9363,9364,9366,9368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9365,3098],{"class":53},[47,9367,58],{"class":57},[47,9369,8485],{"class":61},[47,9371,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9373,139],{"class":138},[47,9375,117],{"class":61},[47,9377,2392],{"class":106},[47,9379,117],{"class":61},[47,9381,259],{"class":113},[47,9383,2266],{"class":61},[47,9385,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,9387,139],{"class":138},[47,9389,117],{"class":61},[47,9391,4513],{"class":106},[47,9393,117],{"class":61},[47,9395,259],{"class":113},[47,9397,2266],{"class":61},[20,9399,372],{},[38,9401,9403],{"className":40,"code":9402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9404,9405,9419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9406,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9408,3941],{"class":57},[47,9410,3944],{"class":2714},[47,9412,398],{"class":65},[47,9414,1892],{"class":69},[47,9416,385],{"class":65},[47,9418,3953],{"class":57},[47,9420,9421],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9422,4681],{"class":559},[244,9424,453,9426,9428],{"id":9425},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9427,811],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9430,9431,9432,9434],{},"In Python, ",[15,9433,811],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[38,9436,9438],{"className":40,"code":9437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9439,9440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9441,9442,9444,9446,9448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9443,139],{"class":138},[47,9445,117],{"class":61},[47,9447,2392],{"class":106},[47,9449,8103],{"class":61},[20,9451,372],{},[38,9453,9455],{"className":40,"code":9454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9456,9457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9458,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9460,3941],{"class":57},[47,9462,3944],{"class":2714},[47,9464,398],{"class":65},[47,9466,198],{"class":69},[47,9468,385],{"class":65},[47,9470,3953],{"class":57},[20,9472,9473],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[38,9475,9477],{"className":40,"code":9476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9478,9479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9480,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9482,139],{"class":138},[47,9484,117],{"class":61},[47,9486,2392],{"class":106},[47,9488,117],{"class":61},[47,9490,6931],{"class":106},[47,9492,6934],{"class":61},[20,9494,372],{},[38,9496,9498],{"className":40,"code":9497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9499,9500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9501,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9503,3941],{"class":57},[47,9505,3944],{"class":2714},[47,9507,398],{"class":65},[47,9509,6931],{"class":69},[47,9511,385],{"class":65},[47,9513,3953],{"class":57},[33,9515,9517],{"id":9516},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9519,9520,9521,9523],{},"If ",[15,9522,4460],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[38,9525,9527],{"className":40,"code":9526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9528,9529,9543,9557,9567,9585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9530,9531,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9532,139],{"class":138},[47,9534,117],{"class":61},[47,9536,4513],{"class":106},[47,9538,117],{"class":61},[47,9540,259],{"class":113},[47,9542,2266],{"class":61},[47,9544,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9546,139],{"class":138},[47,9548,117],{"class":61},[47,9550,2392],{"class":106},[47,9552,117],{"class":61},[47,9554,259],{"class":113},[47,9556,2266],{"class":61},[47,9558,9559,9561,9563,9565],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,9560,139],{"class":138},[47,9562,117],{"class":61},[47,9564,259],{"class":113},[47,9566,132],{"class":61},[47,9568,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,9570,139],{"class":138},[47,9572,117],{"class":61},[47,9574,3098],{"class":113},[47,9576,5332],{"class":57},[47,9578,78],{"class":65},[47,9580,4255],{"class":69},[47,9582,66],{"class":65},[47,9584,132],{"class":61},[47,9586,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,9588,139],{"class":138},[47,9590,117],{"class":61},[47,9592,259],{"class":113},[47,9594,110],{"class":61},[47,9596,9279],{"class":113},[47,9598,9282],{"class":61},[47,9600,9285],{"class":113},[47,9602,7839],{"class":61},[20,9604,9605],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[174,9607,9608,9611,9614,9617],{},[177,9609,9610],{},"what the value really is",[177,9612,9613],{},"whether it is a string",[177,9615,9616],{},"whether it contains spaces",[177,9618,9619],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9621,9622,9623,110],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[210,9624,9626],{"href":9625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9628,2429],{"id":2428},[244,9630,9632],{"id":9631},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9634,9635,9636,3530,9638,110],{},"It returns either ",[15,9637,4255],{},[15,9639,4326],{},[244,9641,9643],{"id":9642},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9645,5791,9646,110],{},[15,9647,4326],{},[244,9649,9651],{"id":9650},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9653,9654,9655,110],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9656,4255],{},[244,9658,9660],{"id":9659},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9662,9663,9664,110],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9665,4326],{},[244,9667,9669],{"id":9668},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9671,9672,9673,3530,9675,4388],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9674,4255],{},[15,9676,4326],{},[33,9678,2526],{"id":2525},[174,9680,9681,9686,9690,9695,9699,9704],{},[177,9682,9683],{},[210,9684,9685],{"href":6422},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[177,9687,9688],{},[210,9689,8755],{"href":8754},[177,9691,9692],{},[210,9693,9694],{"href":8865},"Python input() function explained",[177,9696,9697],{},[210,9698,9087],{"href":2949},[177,9700,9701],{},[210,9702,9703],{"href":9625},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[177,9705,9706],{},[210,9707,9708],{"href":7855},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2563,9710,9711],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":9713},[9714,9715,9716,9717,9718,9719,9725,9731,9732,9740,9741,9748],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":7792,"depth":98,"text":7793},{"id":7859,"depth":98,"text":7860},{"id":7978,"depth":98,"text":7979},{"id":8173,"depth":98,"text":8174},{"id":8404,"depth":98,"text":8405,"children":9720},[9721,9722,9723,9724],{"id":8414,"depth":135,"text":8415},{"id":8512,"depth":135,"text":8513},{"id":8597,"depth":135,"text":8598},{"id":8669,"depth":135,"text":8670},{"id":8758,"depth":98,"text":8759,"children":9726},[9727,9729],{"id":8771,"depth":135,"text":9728},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8811,"depth":135,"text":9730},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8928,"depth":98,"text":8929},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":9733},[9734,9736,9737,9738],{"id":9097,"depth":135,"text":9735},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9193,"depth":135,"text":9194},{"id":9318,"depth":135,"text":9319},{"id":9425,"depth":135,"text":9739},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9516,"depth":98,"text":9517},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":9742},[9743,9744,9745,9746,9747],{"id":9631,"depth":135,"text":9632},{"id":9642,"depth":135,"text":9643},{"id":9650,"depth":135,"text":9651},{"id":9659,"depth":135,"text":9660},{"id":9668,"depth":135,"text":9669},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7619,"description":9749},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9756,"title":9757,"body":9758,"description":11939,"extension":2611,"meta":11940,"navigation":357,"path":11941,"seo":11942,"stem":11943,"__hash__":11944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9759,"toc":11901},[9760,9766,9772,9779,9784,9795,9801,9907,9911,9977,9982,9987,9992,9995,10006,10011,10014,10025,10031,10033,10038,10042,10067,10071,10080,10084,10147,10151,10184,10188,10233,10237,10274,10278,10281,10337,10341,10386,10389,10394,10433,10437,10460,10463,10477,10490,10494,10499,10566,10570,10606,10609,10617,10620,10684,10688,10720,10726,10728,10788,10795,10798,10876,10880,10913,10917,10920,10964,10968,11004,11007,11024,11027,11030,11082,11085,11096,11103,11112,11115,11172,11176,11217,11225,11233,11239,11247,11259,11264,11275,11348,11351,11363,11377,11381,11386,11390,11392,11435,11441,11444,11507,11511,11514,11523,11528,11565,11569,11572,11580,11583,11622,11626,11629,11680,11684,11705,11712,11714,11720,11747,11750,11805,11808,11819,11821,11828,11836,11842,11847,11854,11857,11864,11871,11873,11898],[10,9761,4226,9763,4230],{"id":9762},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9764,9765],{},"dict()",[20,9767,9768,9769,9771],{},"The built-in ",[15,9770,9765],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9773,9774,9775,9778],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[278,9776,9777],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9780,9781,9783],{},[15,9782,9765],{}," is commonly used to:",[174,9785,9786,9789,9792],{},[177,9787,9788],{},"create an empty dictionary",[177,9790,9791],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[177,9793,9794],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9796,9797,9798,110],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[210,9799,213],{"href":9800},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F",[38,9802,9804],{"className":40,"code":9803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9805,9806,9839,9849,9853,9892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9807,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9832,9834,9837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9809,872],{"class":53},[47,9811,58],{"class":57},[47,9813,107],{"class":106},[47,9815,117],{"class":61},[47,9817,70],{"class":9818},"s99_P",[47,9820,58],{"class":57},[47,9822,385],{"class":65},[47,9824,5647],{"class":69},[47,9826,385],{"class":65},[47,9828,75],{"class":61},[47,9830,9831],{"class":9818}," age",[47,9833,58],{"class":57},[47,9835,9836],{"class":349},"25",[47,9838,132],{"class":61},[47,9840,9841,9843,9845,9847],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9842,139],{"class":138},[47,9844,117],{"class":61},[47,9846,898],{"class":113},[47,9848,132],{"class":61},[47,9850,9851],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,9852,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,9854,9855,9858,9860,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9876,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,9856,9857],{"class":53},"pairs ",[47,9859,58],{"class":57},[47,9861,9862],{"class":61}," [(",[47,9864,385],{"class":65},[47,9866,210],{"class":69},[47,9868,385],{"class":65},[47,9870,75],{"class":61},[47,9872,2002],{"class":349},[47,9874,9875],{"class":61},"),",[47,9877,9878],{"class":61}," (",[47,9880,385],{"class":65},[47,9882,854],{"class":69},[47,9884,385],{"class":65},[47,9886,75],{"class":61},[47,9888,2409],{"class":349},[47,9890,9891],{"class":61},")]\n",[47,9893,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9905],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,9895,139],{"class":138},[47,9897,117],{"class":61},[47,9899,198],{"class":106},[47,9901,117],{"class":61},[47,9903,9904],{"class":113},"pairs",[47,9906,2266],{"class":61},[20,9908,9909],{},[278,9910,372],{},[38,9912,9914],{"className":40,"code":9913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9915,9916,9949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9917,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9919,382],{"class":61},[47,9921,385],{"class":65},[47,9923,70],{"class":69},[47,9925,385],{"class":65},[47,9927,172],{"class":61},[47,9929,398],{"class":65},[47,9931,5647],{"class":69},[47,9933,385],{"class":65},[47,9935,75],{"class":61},[47,9937,398],{"class":65},[47,9939,81],{"class":69},[47,9941,385],{"class":65},[47,9943,172],{"class":61},[47,9945,9946],{"class":349}," 25",[47,9948,421],{"class":61},[47,9950,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,9952,382],{"class":61},[47,9954,385],{"class":65},[47,9956,210],{"class":69},[47,9958,385],{"class":65},[47,9960,172],{"class":61},[47,9962,2002],{"class":349},[47,9964,75],{"class":61},[47,9966,398],{"class":65},[47,9968,854],{"class":69},[47,9970,385],{"class":65},[47,9972,172],{"class":61},[47,9974,2409],{"class":349},[47,9976,421],{"class":61},[20,9978,156,9979,9981],{},[15,9980,9765],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[33,9983,164,9985,167],{"id":9984},"what-dict-does",[15,9986,9765],{},[20,9988,9989,9991],{},[15,9990,9765],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9993,9994],{},"A dictionary:",[174,9996,9997,10000,10003],{},[177,9998,9999],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[177,10001,10002],{},"lets you look up values by key",[177,10004,10005],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,10007,10008,10010],{},[15,10009,9765],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,10012,10013],{},"Common uses include:",[174,10015,10016,10019,10022],{},[177,10017,10018],{},"making an empty dictionary",[177,10020,10021],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[177,10023,10024],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10026,10027,10028,110],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[210,10029,449],{"href":10030},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F",[33,10032,2806],{"id":2805},[20,10034,10035,10037],{},[15,10036,9765],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[244,10039,10041],{"id":10040},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[38,10043,10045],{"className":40,"code":10044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,10046,10047,10057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10048,10049,10051,10053,10055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10050,872],{"class":53},[47,10052,58],{"class":57},[47,10054,107],{"class":106},[47,10056,9288],{"class":61},[47,10058,10059,10061,10063,10065],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10060,139],{"class":138},[47,10062,117],{"class":61},[47,10064,898],{"class":113},[47,10066,132],{"class":61},[20,10068,10069],{},[278,10070,372],{},[38,10072,10074],{"className":40,"code":10073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n",[15,10075,10076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10077,10078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10079,10073],{"class":61},[244,10081,10083],{"id":10082},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[38,10085,10087],{"className":40,"code":10086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10088,10089,10123,10137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10090,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10092,9857],{"class":53},[47,10094,58],{"class":57},[47,10096,9862],{"class":61},[47,10098,385],{"class":65},[47,10100,210],{"class":69},[47,10102,385],{"class":65},[47,10104,75],{"class":61},[47,10106,2002],{"class":349},[47,10108,9875],{"class":61},[47,10110,9878],{"class":61},[47,10112,385],{"class":65},[47,10114,854],{"class":69},[47,10116,385],{"class":65},[47,10118,75],{"class":61},[47,10120,2409],{"class":349},[47,10122,9891],{"class":61},[47,10124,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10126,872],{"class":53},[47,10128,58],{"class":57},[47,10130,107],{"class":106},[47,10132,117],{"class":61},[47,10134,9904],{"class":113},[47,10136,132],{"class":61},[47,10138,10139,10141,10143,10145],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,10140,139],{"class":138},[47,10142,117],{"class":61},[47,10144,898],{"class":113},[47,10146,132],{"class":61},[20,10148,10149],{},[278,10150,372],{},[38,10152,10154],{"className":40,"code":10153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10155,10156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10157,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10159,382],{"class":61},[47,10161,385],{"class":65},[47,10163,210],{"class":69},[47,10165,385],{"class":65},[47,10167,172],{"class":61},[47,10169,2002],{"class":349},[47,10171,75],{"class":61},[47,10173,398],{"class":65},[47,10175,854],{"class":69},[47,10177,385],{"class":65},[47,10179,172],{"class":61},[47,10181,2409],{"class":349},[47,10183,421],{"class":61},[244,10185,10187],{"id":10186},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[38,10189,10191],{"className":40,"code":10190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10192,10193,10223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10194,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10196,872],{"class":53},[47,10198,58],{"class":57},[47,10200,107],{"class":106},[47,10202,117],{"class":61},[47,10204,70],{"class":9818},[47,10206,58],{"class":57},[47,10208,385],{"class":65},[47,10210,5647],{"class":69},[47,10212,385],{"class":65},[47,10214,75],{"class":61},[47,10216,9831],{"class":9818},[47,10218,58],{"class":57},[47,10220,9836],{"class":349},[47,10222,132],{"class":61},[47,10224,10225,10227,10229,10231],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10226,139],{"class":138},[47,10228,117],{"class":61},[47,10230,898],{"class":113},[47,10232,132],{"class":61},[20,10234,10235],{},[278,10236,372],{},[38,10238,10240],{"className":40,"code":10239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10241,10242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10243,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10245,382],{"class":61},[47,10247,385],{"class":65},[47,10249,70],{"class":69},[47,10251,385],{"class":65},[47,10253,172],{"class":61},[47,10255,398],{"class":65},[47,10257,5647],{"class":69},[47,10259,385],{"class":65},[47,10261,75],{"class":61},[47,10263,398],{"class":65},[47,10265,81],{"class":69},[47,10267,385],{"class":65},[47,10269,172],{"class":61},[47,10271,9946],{"class":349},[47,10273,421],{"class":61},[244,10275,10277],{"id":10276},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10279,10280],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[38,10282,10284],{"className":40,"code":10283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10285,10286,10327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10287,10288,10290,10292,10294,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10310,10312,10314,10316,10318,10321,10323,10325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10289,872],{"class":53},[47,10291,58],{"class":57},[47,10293,107],{"class":106},[47,10295,10296],{"class":61},"([(",[47,10298,385],{"class":65},[47,10300,210],{"class":69},[47,10302,385],{"class":65},[47,10304,75],{"class":61},[47,10306,2002],{"class":349},[47,10308,10309],{"class":61},")],",[47,10311,3211],{"class":9818},[47,10313,58],{"class":57},[47,10315,2705],{"class":349},[47,10317,75],{"class":61},[47,10319,10320],{"class":9818}," c",[47,10322,58],{"class":57},[47,10324,2711],{"class":349},[47,10326,132],{"class":61},[47,10328,10329,10331,10333,10335],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10330,139],{"class":138},[47,10332,117],{"class":61},[47,10334,898],{"class":113},[47,10336,132],{"class":61},[20,10338,10339],{},[278,10340,372],{},[38,10342,10344],{"className":40,"code":10343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10345,10346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10347,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10349,382],{"class":61},[47,10351,385],{"class":65},[47,10353,210],{"class":69},[47,10355,385],{"class":65},[47,10357,172],{"class":61},[47,10359,2002],{"class":349},[47,10361,75],{"class":61},[47,10363,398],{"class":65},[47,10365,854],{"class":69},[47,10367,385],{"class":65},[47,10369,172],{"class":61},[47,10371,2409],{"class":349},[47,10373,75],{"class":61},[47,10375,398],{"class":65},[47,10377,863],{"class":69},[47,10379,385],{"class":65},[47,10381,172],{"class":61},[47,10383,2414],{"class":349},[47,10385,421],{"class":61},[33,10387,10041],{"id":10388},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10390,156,10391,10393],{},[15,10392,9765],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[38,10395,10397],{"className":40,"code":10396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10398,10399,10409,10423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10400,10401,10403,10405,10407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10402,872],{"class":53},[47,10404,58],{"class":57},[47,10406,107],{"class":106},[47,10408,9288],{"class":61},[47,10410,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10412,139],{"class":138},[47,10414,117],{"class":61},[47,10416,2392],{"class":106},[47,10418,117],{"class":61},[47,10420,898],{"class":113},[47,10422,2266],{"class":61},[47,10424,10425,10427,10429,10431],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,10426,139],{"class":138},[47,10428,117],{"class":61},[47,10430,898],{"class":113},[47,10432,132],{"class":61},[20,10434,10435],{},[278,10436,372],{},[38,10438,10440],{"className":40,"code":10439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10441,10442,10456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10443,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10445,3941],{"class":57},[47,10447,3944],{"class":2714},[47,10449,398],{"class":65},[47,10451,198],{"class":69},[47,10453,385],{"class":65},[47,10455,3953],{"class":57},[47,10457,10458],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10459,10073],{"class":61},[20,10461,10462],{},"This gives the same result as:",[38,10464,10466],{"className":40,"code":10465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n",[15,10467,10468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10469,10470,10472,10474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10471,872],{"class":53},[47,10473,58],{"class":57},[47,10475,10476],{"class":61}," {}\n",[20,10478,10479,10480,10482,10483,10486,10487,10489],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10481,811],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10484,10485],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10488,9765],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[33,10491,10493],{"id":10492},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10495,10496,10497,110],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10498,9765],{},[38,10500,10502],{"className":40,"code":10501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10503,10504,10542,10556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10505,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10507,9857],{"class":53},[47,10509,58],{"class":57},[47,10511,9862],{"class":61},[47,10513,385],{"class":65},[47,10515,70],{"class":69},[47,10517,385],{"class":65},[47,10519,75],{"class":61},[47,10521,398],{"class":65},[47,10523,5647],{"class":69},[47,10525,385],{"class":65},[47,10527,9875],{"class":61},[47,10529,9878],{"class":61},[47,10531,385],{"class":65},[47,10533,81],{"class":69},[47,10535,385],{"class":65},[47,10537,75],{"class":61},[47,10539,9946],{"class":349},[47,10541,9891],{"class":61},[47,10543,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10545,872],{"class":53},[47,10547,58],{"class":57},[47,10549,107],{"class":106},[47,10551,117],{"class":61},[47,10553,9904],{"class":113},[47,10555,132],{"class":61},[47,10557,10558,10560,10562,10564],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,10559,139],{"class":138},[47,10561,117],{"class":61},[47,10563,898],{"class":113},[47,10565,132],{"class":61},[20,10567,10568],{},[278,10569,372],{},[38,10571,10572],{"className":40,"code":10239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10573,10574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10575,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10577,382],{"class":61},[47,10579,385],{"class":65},[47,10581,70],{"class":69},[47,10583,385],{"class":65},[47,10585,172],{"class":61},[47,10587,398],{"class":65},[47,10589,5647],{"class":69},[47,10591,385],{"class":65},[47,10593,75],{"class":61},[47,10595,398],{"class":65},[47,10597,81],{"class":69},[47,10599,385],{"class":65},[47,10601,172],{"class":61},[47,10603,9946],{"class":349},[47,10605,421],{"class":61},[20,10607,10608],{},"Each pair becomes:",[174,10610,10611,10614],{},[177,10612,10613],{},"the first item as the key",[177,10615,10616],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10618,10619],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[38,10621,10623],{"className":40,"code":10622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10624,10625,10660,10674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10626,10627,10629,10631,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10628,9857],{"class":53},[47,10630,58],{"class":57},[47,10632,10633],{"class":61}," ((",[47,10635,385],{"class":65},[47,10637,210],{"class":69},[47,10639,385],{"class":65},[47,10641,75],{"class":61},[47,10643,2002],{"class":349},[47,10645,9875],{"class":61},[47,10647,9878],{"class":61},[47,10649,385],{"class":65},[47,10651,854],{"class":69},[47,10653,385],{"class":65},[47,10655,75],{"class":61},[47,10657,2409],{"class":349},[47,10659,2266],{"class":61},[47,10661,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10663,872],{"class":53},[47,10665,58],{"class":57},[47,10667,107],{"class":106},[47,10669,117],{"class":61},[47,10671,9904],{"class":113},[47,10673,132],{"class":61},[47,10675,10676,10678,10680,10682],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,10677,139],{"class":138},[47,10679,117],{"class":61},[47,10681,898],{"class":113},[47,10683,132],{"class":61},[20,10685,10686],{},[278,10687,372],{},[38,10689,10690],{"className":40,"code":10153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10691,10692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10693,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10695,382],{"class":61},[47,10697,385],{"class":65},[47,10699,210],{"class":69},[47,10701,385],{"class":65},[47,10703,172],{"class":61},[47,10705,2002],{"class":349},[47,10707,75],{"class":61},[47,10709,398],{"class":65},[47,10711,854],{"class":69},[47,10713,385],{"class":65},[47,10715,172],{"class":61},[47,10717,2409],{"class":349},[47,10719,421],{"class":61},[20,10721,10722,10723,110],{},"Each item must contain ",[278,10724,10725],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10727,3488],{},[38,10729,10731],{"className":40,"code":10730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10732,10733,10773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10734,10735,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752,10754,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10736,10737],{"class":53},"bad_data ",[47,10739,58],{"class":57},[47,10741,9862],{"class":61},[47,10743,385],{"class":65},[47,10745,210],{"class":69},[47,10747,385],{"class":65},[47,10749,75],{"class":61},[47,10751,2002],{"class":349},[47,10753,75],{"class":61},[47,10755,10756],{"class":349}," 100",[47,10758,9875],{"class":61},[47,10760,9878],{"class":61},[47,10762,385],{"class":65},[47,10764,854],{"class":69},[47,10766,385],{"class":65},[47,10768,75],{"class":61},[47,10770,2409],{"class":349},[47,10772,9891],{"class":61},[47,10774,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10786],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10776,2879],{"class":53},[47,10778,58],{"class":57},[47,10780,107],{"class":106},[47,10782,117],{"class":61},[47,10784,10785],{"class":113},"bad_data",[47,10787,132],{"class":61},[20,10789,10790,10791,10794],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10792,10793],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10796,10797],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[38,10799,10801],{"className":40,"code":10800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10802,10803,10852,10866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10804,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10806,9857],{"class":53},[47,10808,58],{"class":57},[47,10810,9862],{"class":61},[47,10812,385],{"class":65},[47,10814,210],{"class":69},[47,10816,385],{"class":65},[47,10818,75],{"class":61},[47,10820,2002],{"class":349},[47,10822,9875],{"class":61},[47,10824,9878],{"class":61},[47,10826,385],{"class":65},[47,10828,210],{"class":69},[47,10830,385],{"class":65},[47,10832,75],{"class":61},[47,10834,10835],{"class":349}," 99",[47,10837,9875],{"class":61},[47,10839,9878],{"class":61},[47,10841,385],{"class":65},[47,10843,854],{"class":69},[47,10845,385],{"class":65},[47,10847,75],{"class":61},[47,10849,2409],{"class":349},[47,10851,9891],{"class":61},[47,10853,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10855,872],{"class":53},[47,10857,58],{"class":57},[47,10859,107],{"class":106},[47,10861,117],{"class":61},[47,10863,9904],{"class":113},[47,10865,132],{"class":61},[47,10867,10868,10870,10872,10874],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,10869,139],{"class":138},[47,10871,117],{"class":61},[47,10873,898],{"class":113},[47,10875,132],{"class":61},[20,10877,10878],{},[278,10879,372],{},[38,10881,10883],{"className":40,"code":10882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10884,10885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10886,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10888,382],{"class":61},[47,10890,385],{"class":65},[47,10892,210],{"class":69},[47,10894,385],{"class":65},[47,10896,172],{"class":61},[47,10898,10835],{"class":349},[47,10900,75],{"class":61},[47,10902,398],{"class":65},[47,10904,854],{"class":69},[47,10906,385],{"class":65},[47,10908,172],{"class":61},[47,10910,2409],{"class":349},[47,10912,421],{"class":61},[33,10914,10916],{"id":10915},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10918,10919],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[38,10921,10922],{"className":40,"code":10190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10923,10924,10954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10925,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10927,872],{"class":53},[47,10929,58],{"class":57},[47,10931,107],{"class":106},[47,10933,117],{"class":61},[47,10935,70],{"class":9818},[47,10937,58],{"class":57},[47,10939,385],{"class":65},[47,10941,5647],{"class":69},[47,10943,385],{"class":65},[47,10945,75],{"class":61},[47,10947,9831],{"class":9818},[47,10949,58],{"class":57},[47,10951,9836],{"class":349},[47,10953,132],{"class":61},[47,10955,10956,10958,10960,10962],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,10957,139],{"class":138},[47,10959,117],{"class":61},[47,10961,898],{"class":113},[47,10963,132],{"class":61},[20,10965,10966],{},[278,10967,372],{},[38,10969,10970],{"className":40,"code":10239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10971,10972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10973,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10975,382],{"class":61},[47,10977,385],{"class":65},[47,10979,70],{"class":69},[47,10981,385],{"class":65},[47,10983,172],{"class":61},[47,10985,398],{"class":65},[47,10987,5647],{"class":69},[47,10989,385],{"class":65},[47,10991,75],{"class":61},[47,10993,398],{"class":65},[47,10995,81],{"class":69},[47,10997,385],{"class":65},[47,10999,172],{"class":61},[47,11001,9946],{"class":349},[47,11003,421],{"class":61},[20,11005,11006],{},"In this form:",[174,11008,11009,11017],{},[177,11010,11011,11013,11014],{},[15,11012,70],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,11015,11016],{},"'name'",[177,11018,11019,11013,11021],{},[15,11020,81],{},[15,11022,11023],{},"'age'",[20,11025,11026],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,11028,11029],{},"Valid examples:",[38,11031,11033],{"className":40,"code":11032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11034,11035,11072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11036,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11054,11056,11058,11061,11063,11065,11068,11070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11038,872],{"class":53},[47,11040,58],{"class":57},[47,11042,107],{"class":106},[47,11044,117],{"class":61},[47,11046,90],{"class":9818},[47,11048,58],{"class":57},[47,11050,385],{"class":65},[47,11052,11053],{"class":69},"Paris",[47,11055,385],{"class":65},[47,11057,75],{"class":61},[47,11059,11060],{"class":9818}," country",[47,11062,58],{"class":57},[47,11064,385],{"class":65},[47,11066,11067],{"class":69},"France",[47,11069,385],{"class":65},[47,11071,132],{"class":61},[47,11073,11074,11076,11078,11080],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11075,139],{"class":138},[47,11077,117],{"class":61},[47,11079,898],{"class":113},[47,11081,132],{"class":61},[20,11083,11084],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[174,11086,11087,11090,11093],{},[177,11088,11089],{},"spaces",[177,11091,11092],{},"hyphens",[177,11094,11095],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,11097,11098,11099,11102],{},"For example, this is ",[278,11100,11101],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[38,11104,11106],{"className":40,"code":11105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11107,11108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11109,11110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11111,11105],{"class":152},[20,11113,11114],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[38,11116,11118],{"className":40,"code":11117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11119,11120,11162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11121,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11123,872],{"class":53},[47,11125,58],{"class":57},[47,11127,1096],{"class":61},[47,11129,385],{"class":65},[47,11131,11132],{"class":69},"first-name",[47,11134,385],{"class":65},[47,11136,172],{"class":61},[47,11138,398],{"class":65},[47,11140,8322],{"class":69},[47,11142,385],{"class":65},[47,11144,75],{"class":61},[47,11146,398],{"class":65},[47,11148,11149],{"class":69},"first name",[47,11151,385],{"class":65},[47,11153,172],{"class":61},[47,11155,398],{"class":65},[47,11157,8322],{"class":69},[47,11159,385],{"class":65},[47,11161,421],{"class":61},[47,11163,11164,11166,11168,11170],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11165,139],{"class":138},[47,11167,117],{"class":61},[47,11169,898],{"class":113},[47,11171,132],{"class":61},[20,11173,11174],{},[278,11175,372],{},[38,11177,11179],{"className":40,"code":11178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11180,11181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11182,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11184,382],{"class":61},[47,11186,385],{"class":65},[47,11188,11132],{"class":69},[47,11190,385],{"class":65},[47,11192,172],{"class":61},[47,11194,398],{"class":65},[47,11196,8322],{"class":69},[47,11198,385],{"class":65},[47,11200,75],{"class":61},[47,11202,398],{"class":65},[47,11204,11149],{"class":69},[47,11206,385],{"class":65},[47,11208,172],{"class":61},[47,11210,398],{"class":65},[47,11212,8322],{"class":69},[47,11214,385],{"class":65},[47,11216,421],{"class":61},[33,11218,11220,11222,11223],{"id":11219},"dict-vs",[15,11221,9765],{}," vs ",[15,11224,811],{},[20,11226,11227,11228,5036,11230,11232],{},"Both ",[15,11229,9765],{},[15,11231,811],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[244,11234,156,11236,11238],{"id":11235},"use-when",[15,11237,811],{}," when:",[174,11240,11241,11244],{},[177,11242,11243],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[177,11245,11246],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[38,11248,11249],{"className":40,"code":10465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11250,11251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11252,11253,11255,11257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11254,872],{"class":53},[47,11256,58],{"class":57},[47,11258,10476],{"class":61},[244,11260,156,11262,11238],{"id":11261},"use-dict-when",[15,11263,9765],{},[174,11265,11266,11269,11272],{},[177,11267,11268],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[177,11270,11271],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[177,11273,11274],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[38,11276,11278],{"className":40,"code":11277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11279,11280,11317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11281,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11283,872],{"class":53},[47,11285,58],{"class":57},[47,11287,107],{"class":106},[47,11289,10296],{"class":61},[47,11291,385],{"class":65},[47,11293,210],{"class":69},[47,11295,385],{"class":65},[47,11297,75],{"class":61},[47,11299,2002],{"class":349},[47,11301,9875],{"class":61},[47,11303,9878],{"class":61},[47,11305,385],{"class":65},[47,11307,854],{"class":69},[47,11309,385],{"class":65},[47,11311,75],{"class":61},[47,11313,2409],{"class":349},[47,11315,11316],{"class":61},")])\n",[47,11318,11319,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11320,11321],{"class":53},"info ",[47,11323,58],{"class":57},[47,11325,107],{"class":106},[47,11327,117],{"class":61},[47,11329,70],{"class":9818},[47,11331,58],{"class":57},[47,11333,385],{"class":65},[47,11335,5647],{"class":69},[47,11337,385],{"class":65},[47,11339,75],{"class":61},[47,11341,9831],{"class":9818},[47,11343,58],{"class":57},[47,11345,9836],{"class":349},[47,11347,132],{"class":61},[20,11349,11350],{},"So:",[174,11352,11353,11358],{},[177,11354,11355,11357],{},[15,11356,811],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[177,11359,11360,11362],{},[15,11361,9765],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11364,11365,11366,11370,11371,110],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[210,11367,11369],{"href":11368},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[210,11372,1633,11374,1637],{"href":11373},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,11375,11376],{},"get()",[33,11378,11380],{"id":11379},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11382,11383,11384,110],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11385,9765],{},[244,11387,11389],{"id":11388},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11391,5169],{},[38,11393,11395],{"className":40,"code":11394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11396,11397,11421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11398,11399,11401,11403,11405,11407,11409,11411,11413,11415,11417,11419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11400,8425],{"class":53},[47,11402,58],{"class":57},[47,11404,62],{"class":61},[47,11406,385],{"class":65},[47,11408,210],{"class":69},[47,11410,385],{"class":65},[47,11412,75],{"class":61},[47,11414,398],{"class":65},[47,11416,854],{"class":69},[47,11418,385],{"class":65},[47,11420,95],{"class":61},[47,11422,11423,11425,11427,11429,11431,11433],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11424,872],{"class":53},[47,11426,58],{"class":57},[47,11428,107],{"class":106},[47,11430,117],{"class":61},[47,11432,8456],{"class":113},[47,11434,132],{"class":61},[20,11436,11437,11438,110],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11439,11440],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11442,11443],{},"Correct version:",[38,11445,11447],{"className":40,"code":11446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11448,11449,11483,11497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11450,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477,11479,11481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11452,8425],{"class":53},[47,11454,58],{"class":57},[47,11456,9862],{"class":61},[47,11458,385],{"class":65},[47,11460,210],{"class":69},[47,11462,385],{"class":65},[47,11464,75],{"class":61},[47,11466,2002],{"class":349},[47,11468,9875],{"class":61},[47,11470,9878],{"class":61},[47,11472,385],{"class":65},[47,11474,854],{"class":69},[47,11476,385],{"class":65},[47,11478,75],{"class":61},[47,11480,2409],{"class":349},[47,11482,9891],{"class":61},[47,11484,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11486,872],{"class":53},[47,11488,58],{"class":57},[47,11490,107],{"class":106},[47,11492,117],{"class":61},[47,11494,8456],{"class":113},[47,11496,132],{"class":61},[47,11498,11499,11501,11503,11505],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,11500,139],{"class":138},[47,11502,117],{"class":61},[47,11504,898],{"class":113},[47,11506,132],{"class":61},[244,11508,11510],{"id":11509},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11512,11513],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[38,11515,11517],{"className":40,"code":11516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11518,11519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11520,11521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11522,11516],{"class":152},[20,11524,11525,11526,172],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11527,58],{},[38,11529,11531],{"className":40,"code":11530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11532,11533,11555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11534,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549,11551,11553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11536,872],{"class":53},[47,11538,58],{"class":57},[47,11540,107],{"class":106},[47,11542,117],{"class":61},[47,11544,70],{"class":9818},[47,11546,58],{"class":57},[47,11548,385],{"class":65},[47,11550,5647],{"class":69},[47,11552,385],{"class":65},[47,11554,132],{"class":61},[47,11556,11557,11559,11561,11563],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11558,139],{"class":138},[47,11560,117],{"class":61},[47,11562,898],{"class":113},[47,11564,132],{"class":61},[244,11566,11568],{"id":11567},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11570,11571],{},"This will not work:",[38,11573,11574],{"className":40,"code":11105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11575,11576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11577,11578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11579,11105],{"class":152},[20,11581,11582],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[38,11584,11586],{"className":40,"code":11585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11587,11588,11612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11589,11590,11592,11594,11596,11598,11600,11602,11604,11606,11608,11610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11591,872],{"class":53},[47,11593,58],{"class":57},[47,11595,1096],{"class":61},[47,11597,385],{"class":65},[47,11599,11132],{"class":69},[47,11601,385],{"class":65},[47,11603,172],{"class":61},[47,11605,398],{"class":65},[47,11607,8322],{"class":69},[47,11609,385],{"class":65},[47,11611,421],{"class":61},[47,11613,11614,11616,11618,11620],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11615,139],{"class":138},[47,11617,117],{"class":61},[47,11619,898],{"class":113},[47,11621,132],{"class":61},[244,11623,11625],{"id":11624},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11627,11628],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[38,11630,11632],{"className":40,"code":11631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11633,11634,11670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11635,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11637,872],{"class":53},[47,11639,58],{"class":57},[47,11641,107],{"class":106},[47,11643,10296],{"class":61},[47,11645,385],{"class":65},[47,11647,1995],{"class":69},[47,11649,385],{"class":65},[47,11651,75],{"class":61},[47,11653,2002],{"class":349},[47,11655,9875],{"class":61},[47,11657,9878],{"class":61},[47,11659,385],{"class":65},[47,11661,1995],{"class":69},[47,11663,385],{"class":65},[47,11665,75],{"class":61},[47,11667,2409],{"class":349},[47,11669,11316],{"class":61},[47,11671,11672,11674,11676,11678],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11673,139],{"class":138},[47,11675,117],{"class":61},[47,11677,898],{"class":113},[47,11679,132],{"class":61},[20,11681,11682],{},[278,11683,372],{},[38,11685,11687],{"className":40,"code":11686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11688,11689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11690,11691,11693,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11692,382],{"class":61},[47,11694,385],{"class":65},[47,11696,1995],{"class":69},[47,11698,385],{"class":65},[47,11700,172],{"class":61},[47,11702,2409],{"class":349},[47,11704,421],{"class":61},[20,11706,11707,11708,110],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[210,11709,11711],{"href":11710},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[33,11713,1641],{"id":1640},[20,11715,11716,11717,11719],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11718,9765],{}," include:",[174,11721,11722,11732,11738,11741],{},[177,11723,11724,11725,11728,11729],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11726,11727],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11730,11731],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[177,11733,11734,11735],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11736,11737],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[177,11739,11740],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[177,11742,11743,11744,11746],{},"confusing ",[15,11745,9765],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11748,11749],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,11751,11753],{"className":40,"code":11752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11754,11755,11769,11779,11790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11756,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11758,139],{"class":138},[47,11760,117],{"class":61},[47,11762,2392],{"class":106},[47,11764,117],{"class":61},[47,11766,898],{"class":113},[47,11768,2266],{"class":61},[47,11770,11771,11773,11775,11777],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,11772,139],{"class":138},[47,11774,117],{"class":61},[47,11776,898],{"class":113},[47,11778,132],{"class":61},[47,11780,11781,11783,11785,11788],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,11782,139],{"class":138},[47,11784,117],{"class":61},[47,11786,11787],{"class":113},"list_of_pairs",[47,11789,132],{"class":61},[47,11791,11792,11794,11796,11799,11801,11803],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,11793,139],{"class":138},[47,11795,117],{"class":61},[47,11797,11798],{"class":138},"len",[47,11800,117],{"class":61},[47,11802,11787],{"class":113},[47,11804,2266],{"class":61},[20,11806,11807],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[174,11809,11810,11813,11816],{},[177,11811,11812],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[177,11814,11815],{},"what data is being passed in",[177,11817,11818],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[33,11820,2429],{"id":2428},[244,11822,5823,11824,5036,11826,3143],{"id":11823},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11825,9765],{},[15,11827,811],{},[20,11829,11830,11832,11833,11835],{},[15,11831,811],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11834,9765],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[244,11837,5813,11839,11841],{"id":11838},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11840,9765],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11843,11844,11845,110],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11846,11731],{},[244,11848,5801,11850,11853],{"id":11849},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11851,11852],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11855,11856],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[244,11858,11860,11861,11863],{"id":11859},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11862,9765],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11865,11866,11867,11870],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11868,11869],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[33,11872,2526],{"id":2525},[174,11874,11875,11879,11883,11887,11893],{},[177,11876,11877],{},[210,11878,2533],{"href":10030},[177,11880,11881],{},[210,11882,213],{"href":9800},[177,11884,11885],{},[210,11886,2542],{"href":11368},[177,11888,11889],{},[210,11890,1633,11891,1637],{"href":11373},[15,11892,11376],{},[177,11894,11895],{},[210,11896,11897],{"href":11710},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2563,11899,11900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":11902},[11903,11905,11911,11912,11913,11914,11921,11927,11928,11938],{"id":9984,"depth":98,"text":11904},"What dict() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":11906},[11907,11908,11909,11910],{"id":10040,"depth":135,"text":10041},{"id":10082,"depth":135,"text":10083},{"id":10186,"depth":135,"text":10187},{"id":10276,"depth":135,"text":10277},{"id":10388,"depth":98,"text":10041},{"id":10492,"depth":98,"text":10493},{"id":10915,"depth":98,"text":10916},{"id":11219,"depth":98,"text":11915,"children":11916},"dict() vs {}",[11917,11919],{"id":11235,"depth":135,"text":11918},"Use {} when:",{"id":11261,"depth":135,"text":11920},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11379,"depth":98,"text":11380,"children":11922},[11923,11924,11925,11926],{"id":11388,"depth":135,"text":11389},{"id":11509,"depth":135,"text":11510},{"id":11567,"depth":135,"text":11568},{"id":11624,"depth":135,"text":11625},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":11929},[11930,11932,11934,11936],{"id":11823,"depth":135,"text":11931},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11838,"depth":135,"text":11933},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11849,"depth":135,"text":11935},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11859,"depth":135,"text":11937},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9757,"description":11939},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11946,"title":11947,"body":11948,"description":13449,"extension":2611,"meta":13450,"navigation":357,"path":13451,"seo":13452,"stem":13453,"__hash__":13454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11949,"toc":13418},[11950,11956,11962,11969,11971,12032,12037,12042,12047,12065,12068,12072,12074,12090,12093,12106,12110,12113,12244,12246,12313,12315,12331,12337,12343,12346,12427,12429,12443,12447,12453,12518,12520,12528,12531,12554,12560,12623,12629,12632,12646,12659,12663,12674,12679,12690,12697,12701,12707,12827,12829,12855,12858,12875,12878,12989,12991,13040,13042,13055,13064,13069,13074,13085,13087,13190,13213,13215,13219,13238,13241,13299,13302,13328,13330,13336,13339,13345,13349,13356,13364,13370,13373,13375,13415],[10,11951,13,11953,18],{"id":11952},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11954,11955],{},"clear()",[20,11957,11958,11961],{},[15,11959,11960],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11963,11964,11965,11968],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[278,11966,11967],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[33,11970,36],{"id":35},[38,11972,11974],{"className":40,"code":11973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11975,11976,12008,12019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11977,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11979,872],{"class":53},[47,11981,58],{"class":57},[47,11983,1096],{"class":61},[47,11985,66],{"class":65},[47,11987,210],{"class":69},[47,11989,66],{"class":65},[47,11991,172],{"class":61},[47,11993,2002],{"class":349},[47,11995,75],{"class":61},[47,11997,78],{"class":65},[47,11999,854],{"class":69},[47,12001,66],{"class":65},[47,12003,172],{"class":61},[47,12005,2409],{"class":349},[47,12007,421],{"class":61},[47,12009,12010,12012,12014,12017],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12011,898],{"class":53},[47,12013,110],{"class":61},[47,12015,12016],{"class":113},"clear",[47,12018,9288],{"class":61},[47,12020,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12022,139],{"class":138},[47,12024,117],{"class":61},[47,12026,898],{"class":113},[47,12028,4313],{"class":61},[47,12030,12031],{"class":152},"  # {}\n",[20,12033,12034,12036],{},[15,12035,11955],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[33,12038,164,12040,167],{"id":12039},"what-clear-does",[15,12041,11955],{},[20,12043,2628,12044,12046],{},[15,12045,11955],{}," method:",[174,12048,12049,12052,12055,12060],{},[177,12050,12051],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[177,12053,12054],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[177,12056,12057,12058],{},"Returns ",[15,12059,269],{},[177,12061,12062,12063],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,12064,811],{},[20,12066,12067],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,12069,9797,12070,110],{},[210,12071,213],{"href":9800},[33,12073,2806],{"id":2805},[38,12075,12077],{"className":40,"code":12076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,12078,12079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12080,12081,12084,12086,12088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12082,12083],{"class":53},"my_dict",[47,12085,110],{"class":61},[47,12087,12016],{"class":113},[47,12089,9288],{"class":61},[20,12091,12092],{},"Important points:",[174,12094,12095,12100,12103],{},[177,12096,12097,12099],{},[15,12098,11955],{}," takes no arguments",[177,12101,12102],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[177,12104,12105],{},"It empties that dictionary",[33,12107,12109],{"id":12108},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,12111,12112],{},"Here is a basic example:",[38,12114,12116],{"className":40,"code":12115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12117,12118,12127,12146,12160,12177,12181,12185,12205,12209,12220,12224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12119,12120,12123,12125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12121,12122],{"class":53},"user ",[47,12124,58],{"class":57},[47,12126,1475],{"class":61},[47,12128,12129,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139,12142,12144],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12130,1480],{"class":65},[47,12132,70],{"class":69},[47,12134,66],{"class":65},[47,12136,172],{"class":61},[47,12138,78],{"class":65},[47,12140,12141],{"class":69},"Maya",[47,12143,66],{"class":65},[47,12145,1491],{"class":61},[47,12147,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12149,1480],{"class":65},[47,12151,81],{"class":69},[47,12153,66],{"class":65},[47,12155,172],{"class":61},[47,12157,9946],{"class":349},[47,12159,1491],{"class":61},[47,12161,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172,12175],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,12163,1480],{"class":65},[47,12165,90],{"class":69},[47,12167,66],{"class":65},[47,12169,172],{"class":61},[47,12171,78],{"class":65},[47,12173,12174],{"class":69},"Berlin",[47,12176,689],{"class":65},[47,12178,12179],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,12180,421],{"class":61},[47,12182,12183],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,12184,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12186,12187,12189,12191,12193,12196,12198,12200,12203],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,12188,139],{"class":138},[47,12190,117],{"class":61},[47,12192,66],{"class":65},[47,12194,12195],{"class":69},"Before:",[47,12197,66],{"class":65},[47,12199,75],{"class":61},[47,12201,12202],{"class":113}," user",[47,12204,132],{"class":61},[47,12206,12207],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,12208,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12210,12211,12214,12216,12218],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,12212,12213],{"class":53},"user",[47,12215,110],{"class":61},[47,12217,12016],{"class":113},[47,12219,9288],{"class":61},[47,12221,12222],{"class":49,"line":7080},[47,12223,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12236,12238,12240,12242],{"class":49,"line":12226},11,[47,12228,139],{"class":138},[47,12230,117],{"class":61},[47,12232,66],{"class":65},[47,12234,12235],{"class":69},"After:",[47,12237,66],{"class":65},[47,12239,75],{"class":61},[47,12241,12202],{"class":113},[47,12243,132],{"class":61},[20,12245,6204],{},[38,12247,12249],{"className":40,"code":12248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12250,12251,12304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12252,12253,12256,12258,12260,12262,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298,12300,12302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12254,12255],{"class":53},"Before",[47,12257,172],{"class":61},[47,12259,1096],{"class":61},[47,12261,385],{"class":65},[47,12263,70],{"class":69},[47,12265,385],{"class":65},[47,12267,172],{"class":61},[47,12269,398],{"class":65},[47,12271,12141],{"class":69},[47,12273,385],{"class":65},[47,12275,75],{"class":61},[47,12277,398],{"class":65},[47,12279,81],{"class":69},[47,12281,385],{"class":65},[47,12283,172],{"class":61},[47,12285,9946],{"class":349},[47,12287,75],{"class":61},[47,12289,398],{"class":65},[47,12291,90],{"class":69},[47,12293,385],{"class":65},[47,12295,172],{"class":61},[47,12297,398],{"class":65},[47,12299,12174],{"class":69},[47,12301,385],{"class":65},[47,12303,421],{"class":61},[47,12305,12306,12309,12311],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12307,12308],{"class":53},"After",[47,12310,172],{"class":61},[47,12312,10476],{"class":61},[20,12314,424],{},[174,12316,12317,12322,12328],{},[177,12318,12319,12321],{},[15,12320,12213],{}," starts with three items",[177,12323,12324,12327],{},[15,12325,12326],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[177,12329,12330],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[33,12332,164,12334,12336],{"id":12333},"what-clear-returns",[15,12335,11955],{}," returns",[20,12338,12339,3048,12341,110],{},[15,12340,11955],{},[15,12342,269],{},[20,12344,12345],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,12347,12349],{"className":40,"code":12348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12350,12351,12384,12388,12403,12407,12417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12352,12353,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12354,12355],{"class":53},"my_dict ",[47,12357,58],{"class":57},[47,12359,1096],{"class":61},[47,12361,66],{"class":65},[47,12363,1995],{"class":69},[47,12365,66],{"class":65},[47,12367,172],{"class":61},[47,12369,2002],{"class":349},[47,12371,75],{"class":61},[47,12373,78],{"class":65},[47,12375,2161],{"class":69},[47,12377,66],{"class":65},[47,12379,172],{"class":61},[47,12381,2409],{"class":349},[47,12383,421],{"class":61},[47,12385,12386],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12387,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12389,12390,12392,12394,12397,12399,12401],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12391,2879],{"class":53},[47,12393,58],{"class":57},[47,12395,12396],{"class":53}," my_dict",[47,12398,110],{"class":61},[47,12400,12016],{"class":113},[47,12402,9288],{"class":61},[47,12404,12405],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,12406,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12408,12409,12411,12413,12415],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,12410,139],{"class":138},[47,12412,117],{"class":61},[47,12414,2914],{"class":113},[47,12416,132],{"class":61},[47,12418,12419,12421,12423,12425],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,12420,139],{"class":138},[47,12422,117],{"class":61},[47,12424,12083],{"class":113},[47,12426,132],{"class":61},[20,12428,372],{},[38,12430,12432],{"className":40,"code":12431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{}\n",[15,12433,12434,12439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12435,12436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12437,12438],{"class":559},"None\n",[47,12440,12441],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12442,10073],{"class":61},[244,12444,12446],{"id":12445},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12448,12449,12450,12452],{},"Do ",[278,12451,1369],{}," do this:",[38,12454,12456],{"className":40,"code":12455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12457,12458,12490,12504,12508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12459,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12461,12355],{"class":53},[47,12463,58],{"class":57},[47,12465,1096],{"class":61},[47,12467,66],{"class":65},[47,12469,1995],{"class":69},[47,12471,66],{"class":65},[47,12473,172],{"class":61},[47,12475,2002],{"class":349},[47,12477,75],{"class":61},[47,12479,78],{"class":65},[47,12481,2161],{"class":69},[47,12483,66],{"class":65},[47,12485,172],{"class":61},[47,12487,2409],{"class":349},[47,12489,421],{"class":61},[47,12491,12492,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12493,12355],{"class":53},[47,12495,58],{"class":57},[47,12497,12396],{"class":53},[47,12499,110],{"class":61},[47,12501,12016],{"class":113},[47,12503,9288],{"class":61},[47,12505,12506],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12507,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12509,12510,12512,12514,12516],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,12511,139],{"class":138},[47,12513,117],{"class":61},[47,12515,12083],{"class":113},[47,12517,132],{"class":61},[20,12519,372],{},[38,12521,12522],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12523,12524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12525,12526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12527,12438],{"class":559},[20,12529,12530],{},"Why this happens:",[174,12532,12533,12539,12544],{},[177,12534,12535,12538],{},[15,12536,12537],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[177,12540,12541,12542],{},"The method returns ",[15,12543,269],{},[177,12545,12546,12547,12550,12551,12553],{},"Then ",[15,12548,12549],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12552,269],{}," in the variable",[20,12555,12556,12557,12559],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12558,11955],{}," by itself:",[38,12561,12563],{"className":40,"code":12562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12564,12565,12597,12607,12611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12566,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12568,12355],{"class":53},[47,12570,58],{"class":57},[47,12572,1096],{"class":61},[47,12574,66],{"class":65},[47,12576,1995],{"class":69},[47,12578,66],{"class":65},[47,12580,172],{"class":61},[47,12582,2002],{"class":349},[47,12584,75],{"class":61},[47,12586,78],{"class":65},[47,12588,2161],{"class":69},[47,12590,66],{"class":65},[47,12592,172],{"class":61},[47,12594,2409],{"class":349},[47,12596,421],{"class":61},[47,12598,12599,12601,12603,12605],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12600,12083],{"class":53},[47,12602,110],{"class":61},[47,12604,12016],{"class":113},[47,12606,9288],{"class":61},[47,12608,12609],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12610,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12612,12613,12615,12617,12619,12621],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,12614,139],{"class":138},[47,12616,117],{"class":61},[47,12618,12083],{"class":113},[47,12620,4313],{"class":61},[47,12622,12031],{"class":152},[33,12624,12626,12628],{"id":12625},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12627,11955],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12630,12631],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[38,12633,12634],{"className":40,"code":12076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12635,12636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12637,12638,12640,12642,12644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12639,12083],{"class":53},[47,12641,110],{"class":61},[47,12643,12016],{"class":113},[47,12645,9288],{"class":61},[38,12647,12649],{"className":40,"code":12648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12650,12651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12652,12653,12655,12657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12654,12355],{"class":53},[47,12656,58],{"class":57},[47,12658,10476],{"class":61},[244,12660,12661],{"id":12016},[15,12662,11955],{},[174,12664,12665,12668,12671],{},[177,12666,12667],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[177,12669,12670],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[177,12672,12673],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[244,12675,12676],{"id":12083},[15,12677,12678],{},"my_dict = {}",[174,12680,12681,12684,12687],{},[177,12682,12683],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[177,12685,12686],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[177,12688,12689],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12691,12692,12693,110],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[210,12694,12696],{"href":12695},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12698,12700],{"id":12699},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12702,12703,12704,12706],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12705,11955],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[38,12708,12710],{"className":40,"code":12709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12711,12712,12744,12754,12758,12768,12772,12792,12812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12713,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724,12726,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736,12738,12740,12742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12715,1986],{"class":53},[47,12717,58],{"class":57},[47,12719,1096],{"class":61},[47,12721,66],{"class":65},[47,12723,210],{"class":69},[47,12725,66],{"class":65},[47,12727,172],{"class":61},[47,12729,2002],{"class":349},[47,12731,75],{"class":61},[47,12733,78],{"class":65},[47,12735,854],{"class":69},[47,12737,66],{"class":65},[47,12739,172],{"class":61},[47,12741,2409],{"class":349},[47,12743,421],{"class":61},[47,12745,12746,12749,12751],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12747,12748],{"class":53},"other_ref ",[47,12750,58],{"class":57},[47,12752,12753],{"class":53}," original\n",[47,12755,12756],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12757,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12759,12760,12762,12764,12766],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,12761,2052],{"class":53},[47,12763,110],{"class":61},[47,12765,12016],{"class":113},[47,12767,9288],{"class":61},[47,12769,12770],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,12771,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12773,12774,12776,12778,12780,12783,12785,12787,12790],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,12775,139],{"class":138},[47,12777,117],{"class":61},[47,12779,66],{"class":65},[47,12781,12782],{"class":69},"original:",[47,12784,66],{"class":65},[47,12786,75],{"class":61},[47,12788,12789],{"class":113}," original",[47,12791,132],{"class":61},[47,12793,12794,12796,12798,12800,12803,12805,12807,12810],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,12795,139],{"class":138},[47,12797,117],{"class":61},[47,12799,66],{"class":65},[47,12801,12802],{"class":69},"other_ref:",[47,12804,66],{"class":65},[47,12806,75],{"class":61},[47,12808,12809],{"class":113}," other_ref",[47,12811,132],{"class":61},[47,12813,12814,12816,12818,12820,12823,12825],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,12815,139],{"class":138},[47,12817,117],{"class":61},[47,12819,1986],{"class":113},[47,12821,12822],{"class":1107},"is",[47,12824,12809],{"class":113},[47,12826,132],{"class":61},[20,12828,372],{},[38,12830,12832],{"className":40,"code":12831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12833,12834,12842,12851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12835,12836,12838,12840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12837,2052],{"class":53},[47,12839,172],{"class":61},[47,12841,10476],{"class":61},[47,12843,12844,12847,12849],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12845,12846],{"class":53},"other_ref",[47,12848,172],{"class":61},[47,12850,10476],{"class":61},[47,12852,12853],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12854,4620],{"class":559},[20,12856,12857],{},"This shows:",[174,12859,12860,12867,12872],{},[177,12861,12862,5036,12864,12866],{},[15,12863,2052],{},[15,12865,12846],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[177,12868,12869,12871],{},[15,12870,11955],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[177,12873,12874],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12876,12877],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[38,12879,12881],{"className":40,"code":12880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12882,12883,12915,12923,12927,12935,12939,12957,12975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12884,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905,12907,12909,12911,12913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12886,1986],{"class":53},[47,12888,58],{"class":57},[47,12890,1096],{"class":61},[47,12892,66],{"class":65},[47,12894,210],{"class":69},[47,12896,66],{"class":65},[47,12898,172],{"class":61},[47,12900,2002],{"class":349},[47,12902,75],{"class":61},[47,12904,78],{"class":65},[47,12906,854],{"class":69},[47,12908,66],{"class":65},[47,12910,172],{"class":61},[47,12912,2409],{"class":349},[47,12914,421],{"class":61},[47,12916,12917,12919,12921],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,12918,12748],{"class":53},[47,12920,58],{"class":57},[47,12922,12753],{"class":53},[47,12924,12925],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,12926,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12928,12929,12931,12933],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,12930,1986],{"class":53},[47,12932,58],{"class":57},[47,12934,10476],{"class":61},[47,12936,12937],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,12938,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,12940,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,12942,139],{"class":138},[47,12944,117],{"class":61},[47,12946,66],{"class":65},[47,12948,12782],{"class":69},[47,12950,66],{"class":65},[47,12952,75],{"class":61},[47,12954,12789],{"class":113},[47,12956,132],{"class":61},[47,12958,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,12960,139],{"class":138},[47,12962,117],{"class":61},[47,12964,66],{"class":65},[47,12966,12802],{"class":69},[47,12968,66],{"class":65},[47,12970,75],{"class":61},[47,12972,12809],{"class":113},[47,12974,132],{"class":61},[47,12976,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,12978,139],{"class":138},[47,12980,117],{"class":61},[47,12982,1986],{"class":113},[47,12984,12822],{"class":1107},[47,12986,12809],{"class":113},[47,12988,132],{"class":61},[20,12990,372],{},[38,12992,12994],{"className":40,"code":12993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12995,12996,13004,13036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12997,12998,13000,13002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12999,2052],{"class":53},[47,13001,172],{"class":61},[47,13003,10476],{"class":61},[47,13005,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13007,12846],{"class":53},[47,13009,172],{"class":61},[47,13011,1096],{"class":61},[47,13013,385],{"class":65},[47,13015,210],{"class":69},[47,13017,385],{"class":65},[47,13019,172],{"class":61},[47,13021,2002],{"class":349},[47,13023,75],{"class":61},[47,13025,398],{"class":65},[47,13027,854],{"class":69},[47,13029,385],{"class":65},[47,13031,172],{"class":61},[47,13033,2409],{"class":349},[47,13035,421],{"class":61},[47,13037,13038],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,13039,4681],{"class":559},[20,13041,2827],{},[174,13043,13044,13050],{},[177,13045,13046,13049],{},[15,13047,13048],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[177,13051,13052,13054],{},[15,13053,12846],{}," still points to the old one",[20,13056,13057,13058,110],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[210,13059,13061],{"href":13060},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,13062,13063],{},"dict.copy()",[33,13065,1216,13067],{"id":13066},"when-to-use-clear",[15,13068,11955],{},[20,13070,13071,13073],{},[15,13072,11955],{}," is useful when you want to:",[174,13075,13076,13079,13082],{},[177,13077,13078],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[177,13080,13081],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[177,13083,13084],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,13086,603],{},[38,13088,13090],{"className":40,"code":13089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,13091,13092,13101,13117,13137,13150,13154,13158,13163,13174,13178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13093,13094,13097,13099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13095,13096],{"class":53},"session_data ",[47,13098,58],{"class":57},[47,13100,1475],{"class":61},[47,13102,13103,13105,13108,13110,13112,13115],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13104,1480],{"class":65},[47,13106,13107],{"class":69},"user_id",[47,13109,66],{"class":65},[47,13111,172],{"class":61},[47,13113,13114],{"class":349}," 101",[47,13116,1491],{"class":61},[47,13118,13119,13121,13124,13126,13128,13130,13133,13135],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,13120,1480],{"class":65},[47,13122,13123],{"class":69},"theme",[47,13125,66],{"class":65},[47,13127,172],{"class":61},[47,13129,78],{"class":65},[47,13131,13132],{"class":69},"dark",[47,13134,66],{"class":65},[47,13136,1491],{"class":61},[47,13138,13139,13141,13144,13146,13148],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,13140,1480],{"class":65},[47,13142,13143],{"class":69},"logged_in",[47,13145,66],{"class":65},[47,13147,172],{"class":61},[47,13149,1518],{"class":559},[47,13151,13152],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,13153,421],{"class":61},[47,13155,13156],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,13157,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,13159,13160],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,13161,13162],{"class":152},"# Reset for a new session\n",[47,13164,13165,13168,13170,13172],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,13166,13167],{"class":53},"session_data",[47,13169,110],{"class":61},[47,13171,12016],{"class":113},[47,13173,9288],{"class":61},[47,13175,13176],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,13177,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,13179,13180,13182,13184,13186,13188],{"class":49,"line":7080},[47,13181,139],{"class":138},[47,13183,117],{"class":61},[47,13185,13167],{"class":113},[47,13187,4313],{"class":61},[47,13189,12031],{"class":152},[20,13191,13192,13193,13199,13200,110,13204,13206,13207,110],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[210,13194,13196],{"href":13195},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13197,13198],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[210,13201,13203],{"href":13202},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10484,13205],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[210,13208,13210],{"href":13209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13211,13212],{},"dict.popitem()",[33,13214,1641],{"id":1640},[20,13216,11383,13217,172],{},[15,13218,11955],{},[174,13220,13221,13227,13232,13235],{},[177,13222,13223,13224,13226],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13225,11955],{}," to a variable",[177,13228,1968,13229,13231],{},[15,13230,11955],{}," to return a new dictionary",[177,13233,13234],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[177,13236,13237],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13239,13240],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[38,13242,13244],{"className":40,"code":13243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13245,13246,13256,13270,13285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13247,13248,13250,13252,13254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13249,139],{"class":138},[47,13251,117],{"class":61},[47,13253,12083],{"class":113},[47,13255,132],{"class":61},[47,13257,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13259,139],{"class":138},[47,13261,117],{"class":61},[47,13263,2392],{"class":106},[47,13265,117],{"class":61},[47,13267,12083],{"class":113},[47,13269,2266],{"class":61},[47,13271,13272,13274,13276,13279,13281,13283],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,13273,139],{"class":138},[47,13275,117],{"class":61},[47,13277,13278],{"class":138},"id",[47,13280,117],{"class":61},[47,13282,12083],{"class":113},[47,13284,2266],{"class":61},[47,13286,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,13288,139],{"class":138},[47,13290,117],{"class":61},[47,13292,12748],{"class":113},[47,13294,12822],{"class":1107},[47,13296,12396],{"class":113},[47,13298,132],{"class":61},[20,13300,13301],{},"What these show:",[174,13303,13304,13310,13316,13322],{},[177,13305,13306,13309],{},[15,13307,13308],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[177,13311,13312,13315],{},[15,13313,13314],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[177,13317,13318,13321],{},[15,13319,13320],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[177,13323,13324,13327],{},[15,13325,13326],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[33,13329,2429],{"id":2428},[244,13331,2433,13333,13335],{"id":13332},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13334,11955],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13337,13338],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[244,13340,5785,13342,13344],{"id":13341},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13343,11960],{}," return?",[20,13346,5791,13347,110],{},[15,13348,269],{},[244,13350,5823,13352,5036,13354,3143],{"id":13351},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13353,11955],{},[15,13355,811],{},[20,13357,13358,13360,13361,13363],{},[15,13359,11955],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13362,811],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[244,13365,2433,13367,13369],{"id":13366},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13368,11955],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13371,13372],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[33,13374,2526],{"id":2525},[174,13376,13377,13381,13385,13392,13399,13405,13410],{},[177,13378,13379],{},[210,13380,213],{"href":9800},[177,13382,13383],{},[210,13384,2533],{"href":10030},[177,13386,13387],{},[210,13388,1633,13389,1637],{"href":13195},[15,13390,13391],{},"pop()",[177,13393,13394],{},[210,13395,1633,13396,1637],{"href":13209},[15,13397,13398],{},"popitem()",[177,13400,13401],{},[210,13402,1633,13403,1637],{"href":13060},[15,13404,2556],{},[177,13406,13407],{},[210,13408,13409],{"href":12695},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[177,13411,13412],{},[210,13413,13414],{"href":13202},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2563,13416,13417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":13419},[13420,13421,13423,13424,13425,13429,13434,13435,13437,13438,13448],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":12039,"depth":98,"text":13422},"What clear() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":12333,"depth":98,"text":13426,"children":13427},"What clear() returns",[13428],{"id":12445,"depth":135,"text":12446},{"id":12625,"depth":98,"text":13430,"children":13431},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13432,13433],{"id":12016,"depth":135,"text":11955},{"id":12083,"depth":135,"text":12678},{"id":12699,"depth":98,"text":12700},{"id":13066,"depth":98,"text":13436},"When to use clear()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":13439},[13440,13442,13444,13446],{"id":13332,"depth":135,"text":13441},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13341,"depth":135,"text":13443},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13351,"depth":135,"text":13445},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13366,"depth":135,"text":13447},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11947,"description":13449},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13456,"title":13457,"body":13458,"description":15609,"extension":2611,"meta":15610,"navigation":357,"path":2553,"seo":15611,"stem":15612,"__hash__":15613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13459,"toc":15581},[13460,13465,13470,13480,13482,13571,13575,13616,13621,13628,13646,13653,13655,13675,13678,13690,13692,13768,13772,13813,13815,13818,13943,13947,14027,14030,14048,14051,14055,14061,14063,14074,14076,14269,14273,14378,14381,14399,14402,14409,14414,14418,14432,14434,14559,14563,14643,14655,14661,14664,14672,14676,14802,14806,14880,14885,15016,15020,15094,15097,15111,15115,15119,15133,15135,15271,15275,15344,15346,15350,15372,15375,15481,15484,15495,15502,15504,15510,15513,15520,15523,15530,15538,15542,15545,15547,15578],[10,13461,13,13463,18],{"id":13462},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13464,2556],{},[20,13466,13467,13469],{},[15,13468,13063],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13471,13472,13473,13475,13476,13479],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13474,2556],{}," makes a ",[278,13477,13478],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[33,13481,36],{"id":35},[38,13483,13485],{"className":40,"code":13484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13486,13487,13525,13542,13546,13557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13488,13489,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13521,13523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13490,13491],{"class":53},"student ",[47,13493,58],{"class":57},[47,13495,1096],{"class":61},[47,13497,66],{"class":65},[47,13499,70],{"class":69},[47,13501,66],{"class":65},[47,13503,172],{"class":61},[47,13505,78],{"class":65},[47,13507,13508],{"class":69},"Ana",[47,13510,66],{"class":65},[47,13512,75],{"class":61},[47,13514,78],{"class":65},[47,13516,81],{"class":69},[47,13518,66],{"class":65},[47,13520,172],{"class":61},[47,13522,8436],{"class":349},[47,13524,421],{"class":61},[47,13526,13527,13530,13532,13535,13537,13540],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13528,13529],{"class":53},"student_copy ",[47,13531,58],{"class":57},[47,13533,13534],{"class":53}," student",[47,13536,110],{"class":61},[47,13538,13539],{"class":113},"copy",[47,13541,9288],{"class":61},[47,13543,13544],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,13545,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,13547,13548,13550,13552,13555],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,13549,139],{"class":138},[47,13551,117],{"class":61},[47,13553,13554],{"class":113},"student_copy",[47,13556,132],{"class":61},[47,13558,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,13560,139],{"class":138},[47,13562,117],{"class":61},[47,13564,13529],{"class":113},[47,13566,12822],{"class":1107},[47,13568,13534],{"class":113},[47,13570,132],{"class":61},[20,13572,13573],{},[278,13574,372],{},[38,13576,13578],{"className":40,"code":13577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13579,13580,13612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13581,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13583,382],{"class":61},[47,13585,385],{"class":65},[47,13587,70],{"class":69},[47,13589,385],{"class":65},[47,13591,172],{"class":61},[47,13593,398],{"class":65},[47,13595,13508],{"class":69},[47,13597,385],{"class":65},[47,13599,75],{"class":61},[47,13601,398],{"class":65},[47,13603,81],{"class":69},[47,13605,385],{"class":65},[47,13607,172],{"class":61},[47,13609,8436],{"class":349},[47,13611,421],{"class":61},[47,13613,13614],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13615,4681],{"class":559},[20,13617,156,13618,13620],{},[15,13619,2556],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[33,13622,13624,13625,13627],{"id":13623},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13626,2556],{}," method does",[174,13629,13630,13635,13638,13643],{},[177,13631,13632,13634],{},[15,13633,13063],{}," returns a new dictionary",[177,13636,13637],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[177,13639,13640,13641],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13642,2556],{},[177,13644,13645],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13647,13648,13649,3530,13651,110],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[210,13650,213],{"href":212},[210,13652,449],{"href":448},[33,13654,2806],{"id":2805},[38,13656,13658],{"className":40,"code":13657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13659,13660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13661,13662,13664,13666,13669,13671,13673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13663,2009],{"class":53},[47,13665,58],{"class":57},[47,13667,13668],{"class":53}," old_dict",[47,13670,110],{"class":61},[47,13672,13539],{"class":113},[47,13674,9288],{"class":61},[20,13676,13677],{},"Key points:",[174,13679,13680,13684,13687],{},[177,13681,13682,12099],{},[15,13683,2556],{},[177,13685,13686],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[177,13688,13689],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13691,603],{},[38,13693,13695],{"className":40,"code":13694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13696,13697,13737,13753,13757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13698,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13700,332],{"class":53},[47,13702,58],{"class":57},[47,13704,1096],{"class":61},[47,13706,66],{"class":65},[47,13708,210],{"class":69},[47,13710,66],{"class":65},[47,13712,172],{"class":61},[47,13714,78],{"class":65},[47,13716,305],{"class":69},[47,13718,66],{"class":65},[47,13720,75],{"class":61},[47,13722,78],{"class":65},[47,13724,854],{"class":69},[47,13726,66],{"class":65},[47,13728,172],{"class":61},[47,13730,78],{"class":65},[47,13732,323],{"class":69},[47,13734,66],{"class":65},[47,13736,421],{"class":61},[47,13738,13739,13742,13744,13747,13749,13751],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13740,13741],{"class":53},"new_colors ",[47,13743,58],{"class":57},[47,13745,13746],{"class":53}," colors",[47,13748,110],{"class":61},[47,13750,13539],{"class":113},[47,13752,9288],{"class":61},[47,13754,13755],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,13756,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,13758,13759,13761,13763,13766],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,13760,139],{"class":138},[47,13762,117],{"class":61},[47,13764,13765],{"class":113},"new_colors",[47,13767,132],{"class":61},[20,13769,13770],{},[278,13771,372],{},[38,13773,13775],{"className":40,"code":13774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13776,13777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13778,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13780,382],{"class":61},[47,13782,385],{"class":65},[47,13784,210],{"class":69},[47,13786,385],{"class":65},[47,13788,172],{"class":61},[47,13790,398],{"class":65},[47,13792,305],{"class":69},[47,13794,385],{"class":65},[47,13796,75],{"class":61},[47,13798,398],{"class":65},[47,13800,854],{"class":69},[47,13802,385],{"class":65},[47,13804,172],{"class":61},[47,13806,398],{"class":65},[47,13808,323],{"class":69},[47,13810,385],{"class":65},[47,13812,421],{"class":61},[33,13814,12109],{"id":12108},[20,13816,13817],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[38,13819,13821],{"className":40,"code":13820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13822,13823,13860,13876,13880,13900,13904,13923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13824,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13826,101],{"class":53},[47,13828,58],{"class":57},[47,13830,1096],{"class":61},[47,13832,66],{"class":65},[47,13834,70],{"class":69},[47,13836,66],{"class":65},[47,13838,172],{"class":61},[47,13840,78],{"class":65},[47,13842,13843],{"class":69},"Liam",[47,13845,66],{"class":65},[47,13847,75],{"class":61},[47,13849,78],{"class":65},[47,13851,81],{"class":69},[47,13853,66],{"class":65},[47,13855,172],{"class":61},[47,13857,9946],{"class":349},[47,13859,421],{"class":61},[47,13861,13862,13865,13867,13870,13872,13874],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13863,13864],{"class":53},"person_copy ",[47,13866,58],{"class":57},[47,13868,13869],{"class":53}," person",[47,13871,110],{"class":61},[47,13873,13539],{"class":113},[47,13875,9288],{"class":61},[47,13877,13878],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,13879,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,13881,13882,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,13883,13884],{"class":53},"person_copy",[47,13886,669],{"class":61},[47,13888,66],{"class":65},[47,13890,81],{"class":69},[47,13892,66],{"class":65},[47,13894,678],{"class":61},[47,13896,681],{"class":57},[47,13898,13899],{"class":349}," 26\n",[47,13901,13902],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,13903,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,13905,13906,13908,13910,13912,13915,13917,13919,13921],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,13907,139],{"class":138},[47,13909,117],{"class":61},[47,13911,66],{"class":65},[47,13913,13914],{"class":69},"Original:",[47,13916,66],{"class":65},[47,13918,75],{"class":61},[47,13920,13869],{"class":113},[47,13922,132],{"class":61},[47,13924,13925,13927,13929,13931,13934,13936,13938,13941],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,13926,139],{"class":138},[47,13928,117],{"class":61},[47,13930,66],{"class":65},[47,13932,13933],{"class":69},"Copy:",[47,13935,66],{"class":65},[47,13937,75],{"class":61},[47,13939,13940],{"class":113}," person_copy",[47,13942,132],{"class":61},[20,13944,13945],{},[278,13946,372],{},[38,13948,13950],{"className":40,"code":13949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13951,13952,13989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13953,13954,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13955,13956],{"class":53},"Original",[47,13958,172],{"class":61},[47,13960,1096],{"class":61},[47,13962,385],{"class":65},[47,13964,70],{"class":69},[47,13966,385],{"class":65},[47,13968,172],{"class":61},[47,13970,398],{"class":65},[47,13972,13843],{"class":69},[47,13974,385],{"class":65},[47,13976,75],{"class":61},[47,13978,398],{"class":65},[47,13980,81],{"class":69},[47,13982,385],{"class":65},[47,13984,172],{"class":61},[47,13986,9946],{"class":349},[47,13988,421],{"class":61},[47,13990,13991,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14025],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,13992,13993],{"class":53},"Copy",[47,13995,172],{"class":61},[47,13997,1096],{"class":61},[47,13999,385],{"class":65},[47,14001,70],{"class":69},[47,14003,385],{"class":65},[47,14005,172],{"class":61},[47,14007,398],{"class":65},[47,14009,13843],{"class":69},[47,14011,385],{"class":65},[47,14013,75],{"class":61},[47,14015,398],{"class":65},[47,14017,81],{"class":69},[47,14019,385],{"class":65},[47,14021,172],{"class":61},[47,14023,14024],{"class":349}," 26",[47,14026,421],{"class":61},[20,14028,14029],{},"What happened here:",[174,14031,14032,14038,14045],{},[177,14033,14034,14037],{},[15,14035,14036],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[177,14039,14040,14041,14044],{},"Changing ",[15,14042,14043],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[177,14046,14047],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,14049,14050],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[33,14052,14054],{"id":14053},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,14056,14057,13475,14059,110],{},[15,14058,2556],{},[278,14060,13478],{},[20,14062,2756],{},[174,14064,14065,14068,14071],{},[177,14066,14067],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[177,14069,14070],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[177,14072,14073],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,14075,603],{},[38,14077,14079],{"className":40,"code":14078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,14080,14081,14089,14107,14130,14134,14138,14152,14156,14179,14183,14201,14220,14235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14082,14083,14085,14087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14084,13491],{"class":53},[47,14086,58],{"class":57},[47,14088,1475],{"class":61},[47,14090,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,14092,1480],{"class":65},[47,14094,70],{"class":69},[47,14096,66],{"class":65},[47,14098,172],{"class":61},[47,14100,78],{"class":65},[47,14102,13508],{"class":69},[47,14104,66],{"class":65},[47,14106,1491],{"class":61},[47,14108,14109,14111,14114,14116,14118,14120,14123,14125,14128],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,14110,1480],{"class":65},[47,14112,14113],{"class":69},"grades",[47,14115,66],{"class":65},[47,14117,172],{"class":61},[47,14119,62],{"class":61},[47,14121,14122],{"class":349},"90",[47,14124,75],{"class":61},[47,14126,14127],{"class":349}," 85",[47,14129,95],{"class":61},[47,14131,14132],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,14133,421],{"class":61},[47,14135,14136],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,14137,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14139,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,14141,13529],{"class":53},[47,14143,58],{"class":57},[47,14145,13534],{"class":53},[47,14147,110],{"class":61},[47,14149,13539],{"class":113},[47,14151,9288],{"class":61},[47,14153,14154],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,14155,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14157,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14177],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,14159,13554],{"class":53},[47,14161,669],{"class":61},[47,14163,66],{"class":65},[47,14165,14113],{"class":69},[47,14167,66],{"class":65},[47,14169,909],{"class":61},[47,14171,912],{"class":113},[47,14173,117],{"class":61},[47,14175,14176],{"class":349},"100",[47,14178,132],{"class":61},[47,14180,14181],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,14182,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14184,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199],{"class":49,"line":7080},[47,14186,139],{"class":138},[47,14188,117],{"class":61},[47,14190,66],{"class":65},[47,14192,13914],{"class":69},[47,14194,66],{"class":65},[47,14196,75],{"class":61},[47,14198,13534],{"class":113},[47,14200,132],{"class":61},[47,14202,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14218],{"class":49,"line":12226},[47,14204,139],{"class":138},[47,14206,117],{"class":61},[47,14208,66],{"class":65},[47,14210,13933],{"class":69},[47,14212,66],{"class":65},[47,14214,75],{"class":61},[47,14216,14217],{"class":113}," student_copy",[47,14219,132],{"class":61},[47,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233],{"class":49,"line":14222},12,[47,14224,139],{"class":138},[47,14226,117],{"class":61},[47,14228,13491],{"class":113},[47,14230,12822],{"class":1107},[47,14232,14217],{"class":113},[47,14234,132],{"class":61},[47,14236,14238,14240,14242,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267],{"class":49,"line":14237},13,[47,14239,139],{"class":138},[47,14241,117],{"class":61},[47,14243,14244],{"class":113},"student",[47,14246,669],{"class":61},[47,14248,66],{"class":65},[47,14250,14113],{"class":69},[47,14252,66],{"class":65},[47,14254,678],{"class":61},[47,14256,8742],{"class":1107},[47,14258,14217],{"class":113},[47,14260,669],{"class":61},[47,14262,66],{"class":65},[47,14264,14113],{"class":69},[47,14266,66],{"class":65},[47,14268,2166],{"class":61},[20,14270,14271],{},[278,14272,372],{},[38,14274,14276],{"className":40,"code":14275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14277,14278,14324,14370,14374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14279,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14281,13956],{"class":53},[47,14283,172],{"class":61},[47,14285,1096],{"class":61},[47,14287,385],{"class":65},[47,14289,70],{"class":69},[47,14291,385],{"class":65},[47,14293,172],{"class":61},[47,14295,398],{"class":65},[47,14297,13508],{"class":69},[47,14299,385],{"class":65},[47,14301,75],{"class":61},[47,14303,398],{"class":65},[47,14305,14113],{"class":69},[47,14307,385],{"class":65},[47,14309,172],{"class":61},[47,14311,62],{"class":61},[47,14313,14122],{"class":349},[47,14315,75],{"class":61},[47,14317,14127],{"class":349},[47,14319,75],{"class":61},[47,14321,10756],{"class":349},[47,14323,988],{"class":61},[47,14325,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,14327,13993],{"class":53},[47,14329,172],{"class":61},[47,14331,1096],{"class":61},[47,14333,385],{"class":65},[47,14335,70],{"class":69},[47,14337,385],{"class":65},[47,14339,172],{"class":61},[47,14341,398],{"class":65},[47,14343,13508],{"class":69},[47,14345,385],{"class":65},[47,14347,75],{"class":61},[47,14349,398],{"class":65},[47,14351,14113],{"class":69},[47,14353,385],{"class":65},[47,14355,172],{"class":61},[47,14357,62],{"class":61},[47,14359,14122],{"class":349},[47,14361,75],{"class":61},[47,14363,14127],{"class":349},[47,14365,75],{"class":61},[47,14367,10756],{"class":349},[47,14369,988],{"class":61},[47,14371,14372],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,14373,4681],{"class":559},[47,14375,14376],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,14377,4620],{"class":559},[20,14379,14380],{},"Notice the difference:",[174,14382,14383,14391],{},[177,14384,14385,5427,14388,14390],{},[15,14386,14387],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14389,4326],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[177,14392,14393,5427,14396,14398],{},[15,14394,14395],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14397,4255],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14400,14401],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14403,14404,14405,110],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[210,14406,14408],{"href":14407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[33,14410,1216,14412],{"id":14411},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14413,2556],{},[20,14415,156,14416,11238],{},[15,14417,2556],{},[174,14419,14420,14423,14426,14429],{},[177,14421,14422],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[177,14424,14425],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[177,14427,14428],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[177,14430,14431],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14433,603],{},[38,14435,14437],{"className":40,"code":14436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14438,14439,14477,14493,14497,14516,14520,14539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14440,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14468,14470,14472,14475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14442,1404],{"class":53},[47,14444,58],{"class":57},[47,14446,1096],{"class":61},[47,14448,66],{"class":65},[47,14450,13123],{"class":69},[47,14452,66],{"class":65},[47,14454,172],{"class":61},[47,14456,78],{"class":65},[47,14458,13132],{"class":69},[47,14460,66],{"class":65},[47,14462,75],{"class":61},[47,14464,78],{"class":65},[47,14466,14467],{"class":69},"font_size",[47,14469,66],{"class":65},[47,14471,172],{"class":61},[47,14473,14474],{"class":349}," 14",[47,14476,421],{"class":61},[47,14478,14479,14482,14484,14487,14489,14491],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,14480,14481],{"class":53},"settings_backup ",[47,14483,58],{"class":57},[47,14485,14486],{"class":53}," settings",[47,14488,110],{"class":61},[47,14490,13539],{"class":113},[47,14492,9288],{"class":61},[47,14494,14495],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,14496,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14498,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,14500,1455],{"class":53},[47,14502,669],{"class":61},[47,14504,66],{"class":65},[47,14506,14467],{"class":69},[47,14508,66],{"class":65},[47,14510,678],{"class":61},[47,14512,681],{"class":57},[47,14514,14515],{"class":349}," 16\n",[47,14517,14518],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,14519,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14521,14522,14524,14526,14528,14531,14533,14535,14537],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,14523,139],{"class":138},[47,14525,117],{"class":61},[47,14527,66],{"class":65},[47,14529,14530],{"class":69},"Current:",[47,14532,66],{"class":65},[47,14534,75],{"class":61},[47,14536,14486],{"class":113},[47,14538,132],{"class":61},[47,14540,14541,14543,14545,14547,14550,14552,14554,14557],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,14542,139],{"class":138},[47,14544,117],{"class":61},[47,14546,66],{"class":65},[47,14548,14549],{"class":69},"Backup:",[47,14551,66],{"class":65},[47,14553,75],{"class":61},[47,14555,14556],{"class":113}," settings_backup",[47,14558,132],{"class":61},[20,14560,14561],{},[278,14562,372],{},[38,14564,14566],{"className":40,"code":14565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14567,14568,14606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14569,14570,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14571,14572],{"class":53},"Current",[47,14574,172],{"class":61},[47,14576,1096],{"class":61},[47,14578,385],{"class":65},[47,14580,13123],{"class":69},[47,14582,385],{"class":65},[47,14584,172],{"class":61},[47,14586,398],{"class":65},[47,14588,13132],{"class":69},[47,14590,385],{"class":65},[47,14592,75],{"class":61},[47,14594,398],{"class":65},[47,14596,14467],{"class":69},[47,14598,385],{"class":65},[47,14600,172],{"class":61},[47,14602,14603],{"class":349}," 16",[47,14605,421],{"class":61},[47,14607,14608,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,14609,14610],{"class":53},"Backup",[47,14612,172],{"class":61},[47,14614,1096],{"class":61},[47,14616,385],{"class":65},[47,14618,13123],{"class":69},[47,14620,385],{"class":65},[47,14622,172],{"class":61},[47,14624,398],{"class":65},[47,14626,13132],{"class":69},[47,14628,385],{"class":65},[47,14630,75],{"class":61},[47,14632,398],{"class":65},[47,14634,14467],{"class":69},[47,14636,385],{"class":65},[47,14638,172],{"class":61},[47,14640,14474],{"class":349},[47,14642,421],{"class":61},[20,14644,14645,14646,3530,14651,110],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[210,14647,14648],{"href":1632},[15,14649,14650],{},"dict.update()",[210,14652,14653],{"href":13451},[15,14654,11960],{},[33,14656,14658,14660],{"id":14657},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14659,2556],{}," vs assignment",[20,14662,14663],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14665,453,14666,14668,14669,14671],{},[15,14667,58],{}," does ",[278,14670,1369],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[244,14673,14675],{"id":14674},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[38,14677,14679],{"className":40,"code":14678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14680,14681,14713,14722,14726,14746,14750,14768,14788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14682,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14684,1986],{"class":53},[47,14686,58],{"class":57},[47,14688,1096],{"class":61},[47,14690,66],{"class":65},[47,14692,1995],{"class":69},[47,14694,66],{"class":65},[47,14696,172],{"class":61},[47,14698,2002],{"class":349},[47,14700,75],{"class":61},[47,14702,78],{"class":65},[47,14704,2161],{"class":69},[47,14706,66],{"class":65},[47,14708,172],{"class":61},[47,14710,2409],{"class":349},[47,14712,421],{"class":61},[47,14714,14715,14718,14720],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,14716,14717],{"class":53},"assigned ",[47,14719,58],{"class":57},[47,14721,12753],{"class":53},[47,14723,14724],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,14725,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14727,14728,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,14729,14730],{"class":53},"assigned",[47,14732,669],{"class":61},[47,14734,66],{"class":65},[47,14736,1995],{"class":69},[47,14738,66],{"class":65},[47,14740,678],{"class":61},[47,14742,681],{"class":57},[47,14744,14745],{"class":349}," 99\n",[47,14747,14748],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,14749,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14751,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,14753,139],{"class":138},[47,14755,117],{"class":61},[47,14757,66],{"class":65},[47,14759,13914],{"class":69},[47,14761,66],{"class":65},[47,14763,75],{"class":61},[47,14765,12789],{"class":113},[47,14767,132],{"class":61},[47,14769,14770,14772,14774,14776,14779,14781,14783,14786],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,14771,139],{"class":138},[47,14773,117],{"class":61},[47,14775,66],{"class":65},[47,14777,14778],{"class":69},"Assigned:",[47,14780,66],{"class":65},[47,14782,75],{"class":61},[47,14784,14785],{"class":113}," assigned",[47,14787,132],{"class":61},[47,14789,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,14791,139],{"class":138},[47,14793,117],{"class":61},[47,14795,1986],{"class":113},[47,14797,12822],{"class":1107},[47,14799,14785],{"class":113},[47,14801,132],{"class":61},[20,14803,14804],{},[278,14805,372],{},[38,14807,14809],{"className":40,"code":14808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14810,14811,14843,14876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14812,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14814,13956],{"class":53},[47,14816,172],{"class":61},[47,14818,1096],{"class":61},[47,14820,385],{"class":65},[47,14822,1995],{"class":69},[47,14824,385],{"class":65},[47,14826,172],{"class":61},[47,14828,10835],{"class":349},[47,14830,75],{"class":61},[47,14832,398],{"class":65},[47,14834,2161],{"class":69},[47,14836,385],{"class":65},[47,14838,172],{"class":61},[47,14840,2409],{"class":349},[47,14842,421],{"class":61},[47,14844,14845,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,14846,14847],{"class":53},"Assigned",[47,14849,172],{"class":61},[47,14851,1096],{"class":61},[47,14853,385],{"class":65},[47,14855,1995],{"class":69},[47,14857,385],{"class":65},[47,14859,172],{"class":61},[47,14861,10835],{"class":349},[47,14863,75],{"class":61},[47,14865,398],{"class":65},[47,14867,2161],{"class":69},[47,14869,385],{"class":65},[47,14871,172],{"class":61},[47,14873,2409],{"class":349},[47,14875,421],{"class":61},[47,14877,14878],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,14879,4620],{"class":559},[244,14881,453,14883],{"id":14882},"using-copy",[15,14884,2556],{},[38,14886,14888],{"className":40,"code":14887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14889,14890,14922,14937,14941,14960,14964,14982,15002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14891,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14893,1986],{"class":53},[47,14895,58],{"class":57},[47,14897,1096],{"class":61},[47,14899,66],{"class":65},[47,14901,1995],{"class":69},[47,14903,66],{"class":65},[47,14905,172],{"class":61},[47,14907,2002],{"class":349},[47,14909,75],{"class":61},[47,14911,78],{"class":65},[47,14913,2161],{"class":69},[47,14915,66],{"class":65},[47,14917,172],{"class":61},[47,14919,2409],{"class":349},[47,14921,421],{"class":61},[47,14923,14924,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,14925,14926],{"class":53},"copied ",[47,14928,58],{"class":57},[47,14930,12789],{"class":53},[47,14932,110],{"class":61},[47,14934,13539],{"class":113},[47,14936,9288],{"class":61},[47,14938,14939],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,14940,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14942,14943,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,14944,14945],{"class":53},"copied",[47,14947,669],{"class":61},[47,14949,66],{"class":65},[47,14951,1995],{"class":69},[47,14953,66],{"class":65},[47,14955,678],{"class":61},[47,14957,681],{"class":57},[47,14959,14745],{"class":349},[47,14961,14962],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,14963,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,14965,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,14967,139],{"class":138},[47,14969,117],{"class":61},[47,14971,66],{"class":65},[47,14973,13914],{"class":69},[47,14975,66],{"class":65},[47,14977,75],{"class":61},[47,14979,12789],{"class":113},[47,14981,132],{"class":61},[47,14983,14984,14986,14988,14990,14993,14995,14997,15000],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,14985,139],{"class":138},[47,14987,117],{"class":61},[47,14989,66],{"class":65},[47,14991,14992],{"class":69},"Copied:",[47,14994,66],{"class":65},[47,14996,75],{"class":61},[47,14998,14999],{"class":113}," copied",[47,15001,132],{"class":61},[47,15003,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,15005,139],{"class":138},[47,15007,117],{"class":61},[47,15009,1986],{"class":113},[47,15011,12822],{"class":1107},[47,15013,14999],{"class":113},[47,15015,132],{"class":61},[20,15017,15018],{},[278,15019,372],{},[38,15021,15023],{"className":40,"code":15022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,15024,15025,15057,15090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15026,15027,15029,15031,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15028,13956],{"class":53},[47,15030,172],{"class":61},[47,15032,1096],{"class":61},[47,15034,385],{"class":65},[47,15036,1995],{"class":69},[47,15038,385],{"class":65},[47,15040,172],{"class":61},[47,15042,2002],{"class":349},[47,15044,75],{"class":61},[47,15046,398],{"class":65},[47,15048,2161],{"class":69},[47,15050,385],{"class":65},[47,15052,172],{"class":61},[47,15054,2409],{"class":349},[47,15056,421],{"class":61},[47,15058,15059,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,15060,15061],{"class":53},"Copied",[47,15063,172],{"class":61},[47,15065,1096],{"class":61},[47,15067,385],{"class":65},[47,15069,1995],{"class":69},[47,15071,385],{"class":65},[47,15073,172],{"class":61},[47,15075,10835],{"class":349},[47,15077,75],{"class":61},[47,15079,398],{"class":65},[47,15081,2161],{"class":69},[47,15083,385],{"class":65},[47,15085,172],{"class":61},[47,15087,2409],{"class":349},[47,15089,421],{"class":61},[47,15091,15092],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,15093,4681],{"class":559},[20,15095,15096],{},"Summary:",[174,15098,15099,15105],{},[177,15100,15101,15104],{},[15,15102,15103],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[177,15106,15107,15110],{},[15,15108,15109],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[33,15112,15114],{"id":15113},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15116,15117,172],{},[15,15118,2556],{},[174,15120,15121,15124,15127,15130],{},[177,15122,15123],{},"Returns a dictionary",[177,15125,15126],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[177,15128,15129],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[177,15131,15132],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15134,603],{},[38,15136,15138],{"className":40,"code":15137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15139,15140,15172,15188,15192,15210,15230,15234,15252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15141,15142,15144,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15143,872],{"class":53},[47,15145,58],{"class":57},[47,15147,1096],{"class":61},[47,15149,66],{"class":65},[47,15151,210],{"class":69},[47,15153,66],{"class":65},[47,15155,172],{"class":61},[47,15157,2002],{"class":349},[47,15159,75],{"class":61},[47,15161,78],{"class":65},[47,15163,854],{"class":69},[47,15165,66],{"class":65},[47,15167,172],{"class":61},[47,15169,2409],{"class":349},[47,15171,421],{"class":61},[47,15173,15174,15177,15179,15182,15184,15186],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,15175,15176],{"class":53},"data_copy ",[47,15178,58],{"class":57},[47,15180,15181],{"class":53}," data",[47,15183,110],{"class":61},[47,15185,13539],{"class":113},[47,15187,9288],{"class":61},[47,15189,15190],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,15191,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,15193,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,15195,898],{"class":53},[47,15197,669],{"class":61},[47,15199,66],{"class":65},[47,15201,210],{"class":69},[47,15203,66],{"class":65},[47,15205,678],{"class":61},[47,15207,681],{"class":57},[47,15209,3239],{"class":349},[47,15211,15212,15215,15217,15219,15221,15223,15225,15227],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,15213,15214],{"class":53},"data_copy",[47,15216,669],{"class":61},[47,15218,66],{"class":65},[47,15220,854],{"class":69},[47,15222,66],{"class":65},[47,15224,678],{"class":61},[47,15226,681],{"class":57},[47,15228,15229],{"class":349}," 20\n",[47,15231,15232],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,15233,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,15235,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,15237,139],{"class":138},[47,15239,117],{"class":61},[47,15241,66],{"class":65},[47,15243,13914],{"class":69},[47,15245,66],{"class":65},[47,15247,75],{"class":61},[47,15249,15181],{"class":113},[47,15251,132],{"class":61},[47,15253,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15269],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,15255,139],{"class":138},[47,15257,117],{"class":61},[47,15259,66],{"class":65},[47,15261,13933],{"class":69},[47,15263,66],{"class":65},[47,15265,75],{"class":61},[47,15267,15268],{"class":113}," data_copy",[47,15270,132],{"class":61},[20,15272,15273],{},[278,15274,372],{},[38,15276,15278],{"className":40,"code":15277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15279,15280,15312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15281,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15283,13956],{"class":53},[47,15285,172],{"class":61},[47,15287,1096],{"class":61},[47,15289,385],{"class":65},[47,15291,210],{"class":69},[47,15293,385],{"class":65},[47,15295,172],{"class":61},[47,15297,6648],{"class":349},[47,15299,75],{"class":61},[47,15301,398],{"class":65},[47,15303,854],{"class":69},[47,15305,385],{"class":65},[47,15307,172],{"class":61},[47,15309,2409],{"class":349},[47,15311,421],{"class":61},[47,15313,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,15315,13993],{"class":53},[47,15317,172],{"class":61},[47,15319,1096],{"class":61},[47,15321,385],{"class":65},[47,15323,210],{"class":69},[47,15325,385],{"class":65},[47,15327,172],{"class":61},[47,15329,2002],{"class":349},[47,15331,75],{"class":61},[47,15333,398],{"class":65},[47,15335,854],{"class":69},[47,15337,385],{"class":65},[47,15339,172],{"class":61},[47,15341,8436],{"class":349},[47,15343,421],{"class":61},[33,15345,1641],{"id":1640},[20,15347,1644,15348,172],{},[15,15349,13063],{},[174,15351,15352,15359,15364,15369],{},[177,15353,453,15354,11728,15356,15358],{},[15,15355,58],{},[15,15357,2556],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[177,15360,5223,15361,15363],{},[15,15362,2556],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[177,15365,15366,15367],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15368,2556],{},[177,15370,15371],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15373,15374],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[38,15376,15378],{"className":40,"code":15377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15379,15380,15390,15400,15414,15437,15459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15381,15382,15384,15386,15388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15383,139],{"class":138},[47,15385,117],{"class":61},[47,15387,2052],{"class":113},[47,15389,132],{"class":61},[47,15391,15392,15394,15396,15398],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,15393,139],{"class":138},[47,15395,117],{"class":61},[47,15397,14945],{"class":113},[47,15399,132],{"class":61},[47,15401,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,15403,139],{"class":138},[47,15405,117],{"class":61},[47,15407,1986],{"class":113},[47,15409,12822],{"class":1107},[47,15411,14999],{"class":113},[47,15413,132],{"class":61},[47,15415,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15431,15433,15435],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,15417,139],{"class":138},[47,15419,117],{"class":61},[47,15421,13278],{"class":138},[47,15423,117],{"class":61},[47,15425,2052],{"class":113},[47,15427,9875],{"class":61},[47,15429,15430],{"class":138}," id",[47,15432,117],{"class":61},[47,15434,14945],{"class":113},[47,15436,2266],{"class":61},[47,15438,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,15440,139],{"class":138},[47,15442,117],{"class":61},[47,15444,13278],{"class":138},[47,15446,117],{"class":61},[47,15448,2052],{"class":113},[47,15450,669],{"class":61},[47,15452,66],{"class":65},[47,15454,1099],{"class":69},[47,15456,66],{"class":65},[47,15458,3649],{"class":61},[47,15460,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,15462,139],{"class":138},[47,15464,117],{"class":61},[47,15466,13278],{"class":138},[47,15468,117],{"class":61},[47,15470,14945],{"class":113},[47,15472,669],{"class":61},[47,15474,66],{"class":65},[47,15476,1099],{"class":69},[47,15478,66],{"class":65},[47,15480,3649],{"class":61},[20,15482,15483],{},"What these help you check:",[174,15485,15486,15489,15492],{},[177,15487,15488],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[177,15490,15491],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[177,15493,15494],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15496,15497,15498,110],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[210,15499,15501],{"href":15500},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[33,15503,2429],{"id":2428},[244,15505,2433,15507,15509],{"id":15506},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15508,13063],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15511,15512],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[244,15514,15516,15517,15519],{"id":15515},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15518,13063],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15521,15522],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[244,15524,5823,15526,5036,15528,3143],{"id":15525},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15527,2556],{},[15,15529,58],{},[20,15531,15532,15534,15535,15537],{},[15,15533,2556],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15536,58],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[244,15539,15541],{"id":15540},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15543,15544],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[33,15546,2526],{"id":2525},[174,15548,15549,15553,15557,15561,15567,15573],{},[177,15550,15551],{},[210,15552,2533],{"href":448},[177,15554,15555],{},[210,15556,213],{"href":212},[177,15558,15559],{},[210,15560,14408],{"href":14407},[177,15562,15563],{},[210,15564,1633,15565,1637],{"href":1632},[15,15566,1636],{},[177,15568,15569],{},[210,15570,1633,15571,1637],{"href":13451},[15,15572,11955],{},[177,15574,15575],{},[210,15576,15577],{"href":15500},"How to copy a list in Python",[2563,15579,15580],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":15582},[15583,15584,15586,15587,15588,15589,15591,15597,15598,15599,15608],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":13623,"depth":98,"text":15585},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":14053,"depth":98,"text":14054},{"id":14411,"depth":98,"text":15590},"When to use copy()",{"id":14657,"depth":98,"text":15592,"children":15593},"copy() vs assignment",[15594,15595],{"id":14674,"depth":135,"text":14675},{"id":14882,"depth":135,"text":15596},"Using copy()",{"id":15113,"depth":98,"text":15114},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":15600},[15601,15603,15605,15607],{"id":15506,"depth":135,"text":15602},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15515,"depth":135,"text":15604},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15525,"depth":135,"text":15606},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15540,"depth":135,"text":15541},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":13457,"description":15609},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15615,"title":15616,"body":15617,"description":17812,"extension":2611,"meta":17813,"navigation":357,"path":448,"seo":17814,"stem":17815,"__hash__":17816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15618,"toc":17774},[15619,15622,15628,15637,15639,15714,15718,15767,15770,15774,15788,15791,15795,15808,15811,15844,15858,15861,15872,15876,15879,15887,15967,15971,16024,16028,16046,16048,16130,16133,16135,16138,16141,16164,16188,16192,16200,16203,16207,16216,16221,16279,16283,16316,16322,16328,16331,16386,16390,16440,16443,16449,16452,16460,16462,16507,16512,16521,16524,16527,16574,16576,16581,16584,16678,16682,16735,16738,16794,16797,16801,16804,16818,16822,16888,16892,16917,16920,16924,17001,17005,17008,17011,17031,17034,17087,17091,17094,17097,17110,17112,17201,17208,17211,17222,17224,17227,17247,17251,17254,17263,17266,17305,17309,17311,17320,17329,17331,17369,17373,17420,17424,17445,17449,17452,17563,17568,17666,17688,17690,17694,17701,17705,17711,17715,17718,17722,17725,17732,17740,17742,17768,17771],[10,15620,15616],{"id":15621},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15623,15624,15625,15627],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[278,15626,9777],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15629,15630,15631,3530,15633,110],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[210,15632,213],{"href":9800},[210,15634,15636],{"href":15635},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[33,15638,36],{"id":35},[38,15640,15642],{"className":40,"code":15641,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15643,15644,15652,15670,15684,15696,15700,15704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15645,15646,15648,15650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15647,13491],{"class":53},[47,15649,58],{"class":57},[47,15651,1475],{"class":61},[47,15653,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,15655,1480],{"class":65},[47,15657,70],{"class":69},[47,15659,66],{"class":65},[47,15661,172],{"class":61},[47,15663,78],{"class":65},[47,15665,13508],{"class":69},[47,15667,66],{"class":65},[47,15669,1491],{"class":61},[47,15671,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,15673,1480],{"class":65},[47,15675,81],{"class":69},[47,15677,66],{"class":65},[47,15679,172],{"class":61},[47,15681,8436],{"class":349},[47,15683,1491],{"class":61},[47,15685,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,15687,1480],{"class":65},[47,15689,1272],{"class":69},[47,15691,66],{"class":65},[47,15693,172],{"class":61},[47,15695,1518],{"class":559},[47,15697,15698],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,15699,421],{"class":61},[47,15701,15702],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,15703,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,15705,15706,15708,15710,15712],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,15707,139],{"class":138},[47,15709,117],{"class":61},[47,15711,14244],{"class":113},[47,15713,132],{"class":61},[20,15715,15716],{},[278,15717,372],{},[38,15719,15721],{"className":40,"code":15720,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15722,15723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15724,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15726,382],{"class":61},[47,15728,385],{"class":65},[47,15730,70],{"class":69},[47,15732,385],{"class":65},[47,15734,172],{"class":61},[47,15736,398],{"class":65},[47,15738,13508],{"class":69},[47,15740,385],{"class":65},[47,15742,75],{"class":61},[47,15744,398],{"class":65},[47,15746,81],{"class":69},[47,15748,385],{"class":65},[47,15750,172],{"class":61},[47,15752,8436],{"class":349},[47,15754,75],{"class":61},[47,15756,398],{"class":65},[47,15758,1272],{"class":69},[47,15760,385],{"class":65},[47,15762,172],{"class":61},[47,15764,1444],{"class":559},[47,15766,421],{"class":61},[20,15768,15769],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[33,15771,15773],{"id":15772},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[174,15775,15776,15779,15782,15785],{},[177,15777,15778],{},"What a dictionary is",[177,15780,15781],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[177,15783,15784],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[177,15786,15787],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[33,15789,15778],{"id":15790},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15792,9774,15793,110],{},[278,15794,9777],{},[174,15796,15797,15803],{},[177,15798,15799,15800,15802],{},"A ",[278,15801,1099],{}," is the label",[177,15804,15799,15805,15807],{},[278,15806,259],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15809,15810],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[38,15812,15814],{"className":40,"code":15813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15815,15816,15824,15840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15817,15818,15820,15822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15819,13491],{"class":53},[47,15821,58],{"class":57},[47,15823,1475],{"class":61},[47,15825,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,15827,1480],{"class":65},[47,15829,70],{"class":69},[47,15831,66],{"class":65},[47,15833,172],{"class":61},[47,15835,78],{"class":65},[47,15837,13508],{"class":69},[47,15839,689],{"class":65},[47,15841,15842],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,15843,421],{"class":61},[174,15845,15846,15852],{},[177,15847,15848,15851],{},[15,15849,15850],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[177,15853,15854,15857],{},[15,15855,15856],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15859,15860],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[174,15862,15863,15865,15867,15869],{},[177,15864,70],{},[177,15866,81],{},[177,15868,489],{},[177,15870,15871],{},"country",[33,15873,15875],{"id":15874},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15877,15878],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15880,156,15881,15883,15884,110],{},[15,15882,811],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15885,15886],{},"key: value",[38,15888,15890],{"className":40,"code":15889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15891,15892,15900,15918,15932,15949,15953,15957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15893,15894,15896,15898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15895,13491],{"class":53},[47,15897,58],{"class":57},[47,15899,1475],{"class":61},[47,15901,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,15903,1480],{"class":65},[47,15905,70],{"class":69},[47,15907,66],{"class":65},[47,15909,172],{"class":61},[47,15911,78],{"class":65},[47,15913,13508],{"class":69},[47,15915,66],{"class":65},[47,15917,1491],{"class":61},[47,15919,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,15921,1480],{"class":65},[47,15923,81],{"class":69},[47,15925,66],{"class":65},[47,15927,172],{"class":61},[47,15929,8436],{"class":349},[47,15931,1491],{"class":61},[47,15933,15934,15936,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,15935,1480],{"class":65},[47,15937,15938],{"class":69},"course",[47,15940,66],{"class":65},[47,15942,172],{"class":61},[47,15944,78],{"class":65},[47,15946,7942],{"class":69},[47,15948,689],{"class":65},[47,15950,15951],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,15952,421],{"class":61},[47,15954,15955],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,15956,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,15958,15959,15961,15963,15965],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,15960,139],{"class":138},[47,15962,117],{"class":61},[47,15964,14244],{"class":113},[47,15966,132],{"class":61},[20,15968,15969],{},[278,15970,372],{},[38,15972,15974],{"className":40,"code":15973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15975,15976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15977,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15979,382],{"class":61},[47,15981,385],{"class":65},[47,15983,70],{"class":69},[47,15985,385],{"class":65},[47,15987,172],{"class":61},[47,15989,398],{"class":65},[47,15991,13508],{"class":69},[47,15993,385],{"class":65},[47,15995,75],{"class":61},[47,15997,398],{"class":65},[47,15999,81],{"class":69},[47,16001,385],{"class":65},[47,16003,172],{"class":61},[47,16005,8436],{"class":349},[47,16007,75],{"class":61},[47,16009,398],{"class":65},[47,16011,15938],{"class":69},[47,16013,385],{"class":65},[47,16015,172],{"class":61},[47,16017,398],{"class":65},[47,16019,7942],{"class":69},[47,16021,385],{"class":65},[47,16023,421],{"class":61},[244,16025,16027],{"id":16026},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[174,16029,16030,16035,16040,16043],{},[177,16031,156,16032,16034],{},[15,16033,811],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[177,16036,16037,16038],{},"Write each item as ",[15,16039,15886],{},[177,16041,16042],{},"Separate items with commas",[177,16044,16045],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,16047,603],{},[38,16049,16051],{"className":40,"code":16050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,16052,16053,16062,16082,16098,16111,16115,16119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16054,16055,16058,16060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16056,16057],{"class":53},"book ",[47,16059,58],{"class":57},[47,16061,1475],{"class":61},[47,16063,16064,16066,16069,16071,16073,16075,16078,16080],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16065,1480],{"class":65},[47,16067,16068],{"class":69},"title",[47,16070,66],{"class":65},[47,16072,172],{"class":61},[47,16074,78],{"class":65},[47,16076,16077],{"class":69},"Python Basics",[47,16079,66],{"class":65},[47,16081,1491],{"class":61},[47,16083,16084,16086,16089,16091,16093,16096],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,16085,1480],{"class":65},[47,16087,16088],{"class":69},"pages",[47,16090,66],{"class":65},[47,16092,172],{"class":61},[47,16094,16095],{"class":349}," 150",[47,16097,1491],{"class":61},[47,16099,16100,16102,16105,16107,16109],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,16101,1480],{"class":65},[47,16103,16104],{"class":69},"available",[47,16106,66],{"class":65},[47,16108,172],{"class":61},[47,16110,1518],{"class":559},[47,16112,16113],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,16114,421],{"class":61},[47,16116,16117],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,16118,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,16120,16121,16123,16125,16128],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,16122,139],{"class":138},[47,16124,117],{"class":61},[47,16126,16127],{"class":113},"book",[47,16129,132],{"class":61},[20,16131,16132],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[33,16134,10041],{"id":10040},[20,16136,16137],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16139,16140],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[38,16142,16144],{"className":40,"code":16143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16145,16146,16154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16147,16148,16150,16152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16149,872],{"class":53},[47,16151,58],{"class":57},[47,16153,10476],{"class":61},[47,16155,16156,16158,16160,16162],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16157,139],{"class":138},[47,16159,117],{"class":61},[47,16161,898],{"class":113},[47,16163,132],{"class":61},[38,16165,16166],{"className":40,"code":10044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,16167,16168,16178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16169,16170,16172,16174,16176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16171,872],{"class":53},[47,16173,58],{"class":57},[47,16175,107],{"class":106},[47,16177,9288],{"class":61},[47,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16181,139],{"class":138},[47,16183,117],{"class":61},[47,16185,898],{"class":113},[47,16187,132],{"class":61},[20,16189,16190],{},[278,16191,372],{},[38,16193,16194],{"className":40,"code":10073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,16195,16196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16197,16198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16199,10073],{"class":61},[20,16201,16202],{},"Both are correct.",[244,16204,16206],{"id":16205},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16208,16209,16211,16212,16215],{},[15,16210,811],{}," creates an empty ",[278,16213,16214],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16217,16218,16219,110],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16220,817],{},[38,16222,16224],{"className":40,"code":16223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16225,16226,16234,16246,16250,16264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16227,16228,16230,16232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16229,12355],{"class":53},[47,16231,58],{"class":57},[47,16233,10476],{"class":61},[47,16235,16236,16239,16241,16244],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16237,16238],{"class":53},"my_set ",[47,16240,58],{"class":57},[47,16242,16243],{"class":106}," set",[47,16245,9288],{"class":61},[47,16247,16248],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,16249,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,16251,16252,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,16253,139],{"class":138},[47,16255,117],{"class":61},[47,16257,2392],{"class":106},[47,16259,117],{"class":61},[47,16261,12083],{"class":113},[47,16263,2266],{"class":61},[47,16265,16266,16268,16270,16272,16274,16277],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,16267,139],{"class":138},[47,16269,117],{"class":61},[47,16271,2392],{"class":106},[47,16273,117],{"class":61},[47,16275,16276],{"class":113},"my_set",[47,16278,2266],{"class":61},[20,16280,16281],{},[278,16282,372],{},[38,16284,16286],{"className":40,"code":16285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16287,16288,16302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16289,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16291,3941],{"class":57},[47,16293,3944],{"class":2714},[47,16295,398],{"class":65},[47,16297,198],{"class":69},[47,16299,385],{"class":65},[47,16301,3953],{"class":57},[47,16303,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16305,3941],{"class":57},[47,16307,3944],{"class":2714},[47,16309,398],{"class":65},[47,16311,6931],{"class":69},[47,16313,385],{"class":65},[47,16315,3953],{"class":57},[33,16317,16319,16320],{"id":16318},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16321,9765],{},[20,16323,16324,16325,16327],{},"You can also use ",[15,16326,9765],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16329,16330],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[38,16332,16334],{"className":40,"code":16333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16335,16336,16376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16337,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362,16365,16367,16370,16372,16374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16339,13491],{"class":53},[47,16341,58],{"class":57},[47,16343,107],{"class":106},[47,16345,117],{"class":61},[47,16347,70],{"class":9818},[47,16349,58],{"class":57},[47,16351,66],{"class":65},[47,16353,13508],{"class":69},[47,16355,66],{"class":65},[47,16357,75],{"class":61},[47,16359,9831],{"class":9818},[47,16361,58],{"class":57},[47,16363,16364],{"class":349},"20",[47,16366,75],{"class":61},[47,16368,16369],{"class":9818}," active",[47,16371,58],{"class":57},[47,16373,4255],{"class":559},[47,16375,132],{"class":61},[47,16377,16378,16380,16382,16384],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16379,139],{"class":138},[47,16381,117],{"class":61},[47,16383,14244],{"class":113},[47,16385,132],{"class":61},[20,16387,16388],{},[278,16389,372],{},[38,16391,16393],{"className":40,"code":16392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16394,16395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16396,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16432,16434,16436,16438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16398,382],{"class":61},[47,16400,385],{"class":65},[47,16402,70],{"class":69},[47,16404,385],{"class":65},[47,16406,172],{"class":61},[47,16408,398],{"class":65},[47,16410,13508],{"class":69},[47,16412,385],{"class":65},[47,16414,75],{"class":61},[47,16416,398],{"class":65},[47,16418,81],{"class":69},[47,16420,385],{"class":65},[47,16422,172],{"class":61},[47,16424,8436],{"class":349},[47,16426,75],{"class":61},[47,16428,398],{"class":65},[47,16430,16431],{"class":69},"active",[47,16433,385],{"class":65},[47,16435,172],{"class":61},[47,16437,1444],{"class":559},[47,16439,421],{"class":61},[20,16441,16442],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[244,16444,16446,16447],{"id":16445},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16448,9765],{},[20,16450,16451],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[174,16453,16454,16457],{},[177,16455,16456],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[177,16458,16459],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16461,7332],{},[38,16463,16465],{"className":40,"code":16464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16466,16467,16497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16468,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481,16483,16485,16487,16489,16491,16493,16495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16470,12122],{"class":53},[47,16472,58],{"class":57},[47,16474,107],{"class":106},[47,16476,117],{"class":61},[47,16478,70],{"class":9818},[47,16480,58],{"class":57},[47,16482,66],{"class":65},[47,16484,8322],{"class":69},[47,16486,66],{"class":65},[47,16488,75],{"class":61},[47,16490,9831],{"class":9818},[47,16492,58],{"class":57},[47,16494,9836],{"class":349},[47,16496,132],{"class":61},[47,16498,16499,16501,16503,16505],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16500,139],{"class":138},[47,16502,117],{"class":61},[47,16504,12213],{"class":113},[47,16506,132],{"class":61},[20,16508,5272,16509,16511],{},[278,16510,1369],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[38,16513,16515],{"className":40,"code":16514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16516,16517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16518,16519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16520,16514],{"class":152},[20,16522,16523],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16525,16526],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[38,16528,16530],{"className":40,"code":16529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16531,16532,16540,16556,16560,16564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16533,16534,16536,16538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16535,12122],{"class":53},[47,16537,58],{"class":57},[47,16539,1475],{"class":61},[47,16541,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16543,1480],{"class":65},[47,16545,11132],{"class":69},[47,16547,66],{"class":65},[47,16549,172],{"class":61},[47,16551,78],{"class":65},[47,16553,8322],{"class":69},[47,16555,689],{"class":65},[47,16557,16558],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,16559,421],{"class":61},[47,16561,16562],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,16563,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,16565,16566,16568,16570,16572],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,16567,139],{"class":138},[47,16569,117],{"class":61},[47,16571,12213],{"class":113},[47,16573,132],{"class":61},[33,16575,10083],{"id":10082},[20,16577,16578,16580],{},[15,16579,9765],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16582,16583],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[38,16585,16587],{"className":40,"code":16586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16588,16589,16646,16650,16664,16668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16590,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16642,16644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16592,9857],{"class":53},[47,16594,58],{"class":57},[47,16596,9862],{"class":61},[47,16598,66],{"class":65},[47,16600,70],{"class":69},[47,16602,66],{"class":65},[47,16604,75],{"class":61},[47,16606,78],{"class":65},[47,16608,13508],{"class":69},[47,16610,66],{"class":65},[47,16612,9875],{"class":61},[47,16614,9878],{"class":61},[47,16616,66],{"class":65},[47,16618,81],{"class":69},[47,16620,66],{"class":65},[47,16622,75],{"class":61},[47,16624,8436],{"class":349},[47,16626,9875],{"class":61},[47,16628,9878],{"class":61},[47,16630,66],{"class":65},[47,16632,90],{"class":69},[47,16634,66],{"class":65},[47,16636,75],{"class":61},[47,16638,78],{"class":65},[47,16640,16641],{"class":69},"Lima",[47,16643,66],{"class":65},[47,16645,9891],{"class":61},[47,16647,16648],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16649,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,16651,16652,16654,16656,16658,16660,16662],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,16653,13491],{"class":53},[47,16655,58],{"class":57},[47,16657,107],{"class":106},[47,16659,117],{"class":61},[47,16661,9904],{"class":113},[47,16663,132],{"class":61},[47,16665,16666],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,16667,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,16669,16670,16672,16674,16676],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,16671,139],{"class":138},[47,16673,117],{"class":61},[47,16675,14244],{"class":113},[47,16677,132],{"class":61},[20,16679,16680],{},[278,16681,372],{},[38,16683,16685],{"className":40,"code":16684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16686,16687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16688,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16690,382],{"class":61},[47,16692,385],{"class":65},[47,16694,70],{"class":69},[47,16696,385],{"class":65},[47,16698,172],{"class":61},[47,16700,398],{"class":65},[47,16702,13508],{"class":69},[47,16704,385],{"class":65},[47,16706,75],{"class":61},[47,16708,398],{"class":65},[47,16710,81],{"class":69},[47,16712,385],{"class":65},[47,16714,172],{"class":61},[47,16716,8436],{"class":349},[47,16718,75],{"class":61},[47,16720,398],{"class":65},[47,16722,90],{"class":69},[47,16724,385],{"class":65},[47,16726,172],{"class":61},[47,16728,398],{"class":65},[47,16730,16641],{"class":69},[47,16732,385],{"class":65},[47,16734,421],{"class":61},[20,16736,16737],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[38,16739,16741],{"className":40,"code":16740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16742,16743,16784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16744,16745,16747,16749,16751,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16746,13491],{"class":53},[47,16748,58],{"class":57},[47,16750,107],{"class":106},[47,16752,16753],{"class":61},"(((",[47,16755,66],{"class":65},[47,16757,70],{"class":69},[47,16759,66],{"class":65},[47,16761,75],{"class":61},[47,16763,78],{"class":65},[47,16765,13508],{"class":69},[47,16767,66],{"class":65},[47,16769,9875],{"class":61},[47,16771,9878],{"class":61},[47,16773,66],{"class":65},[47,16775,81],{"class":69},[47,16777,66],{"class":65},[47,16779,75],{"class":61},[47,16781,8436],{"class":349},[47,16783,2425],{"class":61},[47,16785,16786,16788,16790,16792],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16787,139],{"class":138},[47,16789,117],{"class":61},[47,16791,14244],{"class":113},[47,16793,132],{"class":61},[20,16795,16796],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[33,16798,16800],{"id":16799},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16802,16803],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[174,16805,16806,16809,16812,16815],{},[177,16807,16808],{},"Keys must be unique",[177,16810,16811],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[177,16813,16814],{},"Values can repeat",[177,16816,16817],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[244,16819,16821],{"id":16820},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[38,16823,16825],{"className":40,"code":16824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16826,16827,16835,16853,16870,16874,16878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16828,16829,16831,16833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16830,872],{"class":53},[47,16832,58],{"class":57},[47,16834,1475],{"class":61},[47,16836,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16838,1480],{"class":65},[47,16840,70],{"class":69},[47,16842,66],{"class":65},[47,16844,172],{"class":61},[47,16846,78],{"class":65},[47,16848,13508],{"class":69},[47,16850,66],{"class":65},[47,16852,1491],{"class":61},[47,16854,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16868],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,16856,1480],{"class":65},[47,16858,70],{"class":69},[47,16860,66],{"class":65},[47,16862,172],{"class":61},[47,16864,78],{"class":65},[47,16866,16867],{"class":69},"Maria",[47,16869,689],{"class":65},[47,16871,16872],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,16873,421],{"class":61},[47,16875,16876],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,16877,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,16879,16880,16882,16884,16886],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,16881,139],{"class":138},[47,16883,117],{"class":61},[47,16885,898],{"class":113},[47,16887,132],{"class":61},[20,16889,16890],{},[278,16891,372],{},[38,16893,16895],{"className":40,"code":16894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16896,16897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16898,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16900,382],{"class":61},[47,16902,385],{"class":65},[47,16904,70],{"class":69},[47,16906,385],{"class":65},[47,16908,172],{"class":61},[47,16910,398],{"class":65},[47,16912,16867],{"class":69},[47,16914,385],{"class":65},[47,16916,421],{"class":61},[20,16918,16919],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[244,16921,16923],{"id":16922},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[38,16925,16927],{"className":40,"code":16926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16928,16929,16937,16953,16969,16983,16987,16991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16930,16931,16933,16935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16932,1311],{"class":53},[47,16934,58],{"class":57},[47,16936,1475],{"class":61},[47,16938,16939,16942,16944,16946,16949,16951],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,16940,16941],{"class":349},"    1",[47,16943,172],{"class":61},[47,16945,78],{"class":65},[47,16947,16948],{"class":69},"low",[47,16950,66],{"class":65},[47,16952,1491],{"class":61},[47,16954,16955,16958,16960,16962,16965,16967],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,16956,16957],{"class":349},"    2",[47,16959,172],{"class":61},[47,16961,78],{"class":65},[47,16963,16964],{"class":69},"medium",[47,16966,66],{"class":65},[47,16968,1491],{"class":61},[47,16970,16971,16974,16976,16978,16981],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,16972,16973],{"class":349},"    3",[47,16975,172],{"class":61},[47,16977,78],{"class":65},[47,16979,16980],{"class":69},"high",[47,16982,689],{"class":65},[47,16984,16985],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,16986,421],{"class":61},[47,16988,16989],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,16990,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,16992,16993,16995,16997,16999],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,16994,139],{"class":138},[47,16996,117],{"class":61},[47,16998,1361],{"class":113},[47,17000,132],{"class":61},[244,17002,17004],{"id":17003},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,17006,17007],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,17009,17010],{},"This will cause an error:",[38,17012,17014],{"className":40,"code":17013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,17015,17016,17021,17026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17017,17018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17019,17020],{"class":152},"# bad = {\n",[47,17022,17023],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17024,17025],{"class":152},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[47,17027,17028],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,17029,17030],{"class":152},"# }\n",[20,17032,17033],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[38,17035,17037],{"className":40,"code":17036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,17038,17039,17048,17068,17072,17076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17040,17041,17044,17046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17042,17043],{"class":53},"good ",[47,17045,58],{"class":57},[47,17047,1475],{"class":61},[47,17049,17050,17053,17055,17057,17059,17062,17064,17066],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17051,17052],{"class":61},"    (",[47,17054,917],{"class":349},[47,17056,75],{"class":61},[47,17058,2409],{"class":349},[47,17060,17061],{"class":61},"):",[47,17063,78],{"class":65},[47,17065,4300],{"class":69},[47,17067,689],{"class":65},[47,17069,17070],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,17071,421],{"class":61},[47,17073,17074],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,17075,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,17077,17078,17080,17082,17085],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,17079,139],{"class":138},[47,17081,117],{"class":61},[47,17083,17084],{"class":113},"good",[47,17086,132],{"class":61},[33,17088,17090],{"id":17089},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17092,17093],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17095,17096],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[174,17098,17099,17102,17104,17107],{},[177,17100,17101],{},"user data",[177,17103,1455],{},[177,17105,17106],{},"counters",[177,17108,17109],{},"lookups",[20,17111,603],{},[38,17113,17115],{"className":40,"code":17114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17116,17117,17125,17144,17163,17175,17179,17183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17118,17119,17121,17123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17120,12122],{"class":53},[47,17122,58],{"class":57},[47,17124,1475],{"class":61},[47,17126,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17140,17142],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17128,1480],{"class":65},[47,17130,480],{"class":69},[47,17132,66],{"class":65},[47,17134,172],{"class":61},[47,17136,78],{"class":65},[47,17138,17139],{"class":69},"ana123",[47,17141,66],{"class":65},[47,17143,1491],{"class":61},[47,17145,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17159,17161],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,17147,1480],{"class":65},[47,17149,489],{"class":69},[47,17151,66],{"class":65},[47,17153,172],{"class":61},[47,17155,78],{"class":65},[47,17157,17158],{"class":69},"ana@example.com",[47,17160,66],{"class":65},[47,17162,1491],{"class":61},[47,17164,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,17166,1480],{"class":65},[47,17168,13143],{"class":69},[47,17170,66],{"class":65},[47,17172,172],{"class":61},[47,17174,1518],{"class":559},[47,17176,17177],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,17178,421],{"class":61},[47,17180,17181],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,17182,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,17184,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,17186,139],{"class":138},[47,17188,117],{"class":61},[47,17190,12213],{"class":113},[47,17192,669],{"class":61},[47,17194,66],{"class":65},[47,17196,489],{"class":69},[47,17198,66],{"class":65},[47,17200,2166],{"class":61},[20,17202,17203,17204,110],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[210,17205,17207],{"href":17206},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17209,17210],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[174,17212,17213,17216,17219],{},[177,17214,17215],{},"labels are not needed",[177,17217,17218],{},"you mostly care about position",[177,17220,17221],{},"order matters more than named fields",[33,17223,1641],{"id":1640},[20,17225,17226],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[174,17228,17229,17232,17235,17238,17241],{},[177,17230,17231],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[177,17233,17234],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[177,17236,17237],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[177,17239,17240],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[177,17242,17243,17244,17246],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17245,811],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[244,17248,17250],{"id":17249},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17252,17253],{},"Wrong:",[38,17255,17257],{"className":40,"code":17256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17258,17259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17260,17261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17262,17256],{"class":152},[20,17264,17265],{},"Correct:",[38,17267,17269],{"className":40,"code":17268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17270,17271,17295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17272,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17274,13491],{"class":53},[47,17276,58],{"class":57},[47,17278,1096],{"class":61},[47,17280,66],{"class":65},[47,17282,70],{"class":69},[47,17284,66],{"class":65},[47,17286,172],{"class":61},[47,17288,78],{"class":65},[47,17290,13508],{"class":69},[47,17292,66],{"class":65},[47,17294,421],{"class":61},[47,17296,17297,17299,17301,17303],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17298,139],{"class":138},[47,17300,117],{"class":61},[47,17302,14244],{"class":113},[47,17304,132],{"class":61},[244,17306,17308],{"id":17307},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17310,17253],{},[38,17312,17314],{"className":40,"code":17313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17315,17316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17317,17318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17319,17313],{"class":152},[20,17321,17322,17323,17325,17326,17328],{},"This only works if ",[15,17324,70],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17327,15850],{},", use quotes.",[20,17330,17265],{},[38,17332,17333],{"className":40,"code":17268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,17334,17335,17359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17336,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17338,13491],{"class":53},[47,17340,58],{"class":57},[47,17342,1096],{"class":61},[47,17344,66],{"class":65},[47,17346,70],{"class":69},[47,17348,66],{"class":65},[47,17350,172],{"class":61},[47,17352,78],{"class":65},[47,17354,13508],{"class":69},[47,17356,66],{"class":65},[47,17358,421],{"class":61},[47,17360,17361,17363,17365,17367],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17362,139],{"class":138},[47,17364,117],{"class":61},[47,17366,14244],{"class":113},[47,17368,132],{"class":61},[244,17370,17372],{"id":17371},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[38,17374,17376],{"className":40,"code":17375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17377,17378,17410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17379,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17381,872],{"class":53},[47,17383,58],{"class":57},[47,17385,1096],{"class":61},[47,17387,66],{"class":65},[47,17389,81],{"class":69},[47,17391,66],{"class":65},[47,17393,172],{"class":61},[47,17395,8436],{"class":349},[47,17397,75],{"class":61},[47,17399,78],{"class":65},[47,17401,81],{"class":69},[47,17403,66],{"class":65},[47,17405,172],{"class":61},[47,17407,8441],{"class":349},[47,17409,421],{"class":61},[47,17411,17412,17414,17416,17418],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17413,139],{"class":138},[47,17415,117],{"class":61},[47,17417,898],{"class":113},[47,17419,132],{"class":61},[20,17421,17422],{},[278,17423,372],{},[38,17425,17427],{"className":40,"code":17426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17428,17429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17430,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17432,382],{"class":61},[47,17434,385],{"class":65},[47,17436,81],{"class":69},[47,17438,385],{"class":65},[47,17440,172],{"class":61},[47,17442,8441],{"class":349},[47,17444,421],{"class":61},[33,17446,17448],{"id":17447},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17450,17451],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[38,17453,17455],{"className":40,"code":17454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17456,17457,17493,17497,17507,17521,17535,17549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17458,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17460,12355],{"class":53},[47,17462,58],{"class":57},[47,17464,1096],{"class":61},[47,17466,66],{"class":65},[47,17468,70],{"class":69},[47,17470,66],{"class":65},[47,17472,172],{"class":61},[47,17474,78],{"class":65},[47,17476,13508],{"class":69},[47,17478,66],{"class":65},[47,17480,75],{"class":61},[47,17482,78],{"class":65},[47,17484,81],{"class":69},[47,17486,66],{"class":65},[47,17488,172],{"class":61},[47,17490,8436],{"class":349},[47,17492,421],{"class":61},[47,17494,17495],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17496,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,17498,17499,17501,17503,17505],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,17500,139],{"class":138},[47,17502,117],{"class":61},[47,17504,12083],{"class":113},[47,17506,132],{"class":61},[47,17508,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,17510,139],{"class":138},[47,17512,117],{"class":61},[47,17514,2392],{"class":106},[47,17516,117],{"class":61},[47,17518,12083],{"class":113},[47,17520,2266],{"class":61},[47,17522,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,17524,139],{"class":138},[47,17526,117],{"class":61},[47,17528,12083],{"class":113},[47,17530,110],{"class":61},[47,17532,120],{"class":113},[47,17534,7839],{"class":61},[47,17536,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,17538,139],{"class":138},[47,17540,117],{"class":61},[47,17542,12083],{"class":113},[47,17544,110],{"class":61},[47,17546,6003],{"class":113},[47,17548,7839],{"class":61},[47,17550,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,17552,139],{"class":138},[47,17554,117],{"class":61},[47,17556,11798],{"class":138},[47,17558,117],{"class":61},[47,17560,12083],{"class":113},[47,17562,2266],{"class":61},[20,17564,17565],{},[278,17566,17567],{},"Example output:",[38,17569,17571],{"className":40,"code":17570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17572,17573,17605,17619,17642,17661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17574,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17576,382],{"class":61},[47,17578,385],{"class":65},[47,17580,70],{"class":69},[47,17582,385],{"class":65},[47,17584,172],{"class":61},[47,17586,398],{"class":65},[47,17588,13508],{"class":69},[47,17590,385],{"class":65},[47,17592,75],{"class":61},[47,17594,398],{"class":65},[47,17596,81],{"class":69},[47,17598,385],{"class":65},[47,17600,172],{"class":61},[47,17602,8436],{"class":349},[47,17604,421],{"class":61},[47,17606,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17608,3941],{"class":57},[47,17610,3944],{"class":2714},[47,17612,398],{"class":65},[47,17614,198],{"class":69},[47,17616,385],{"class":65},[47,17618,3953],{"class":57},[47,17620,17621,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,17622,17623],{"class":113},"dict_keys",[47,17625,1258],{"class":61},[47,17627,385],{"class":65},[47,17629,70],{"class":69},[47,17631,385],{"class":65},[47,17633,75],{"class":61},[47,17635,398],{"class":65},[47,17637,81],{"class":69},[47,17639,385],{"class":65},[47,17641,2166],{"class":61},[47,17643,17644,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,17645,17646],{"class":113},"dict_values",[47,17648,1258],{"class":61},[47,17650,385],{"class":65},[47,17652,13508],{"class":69},[47,17654,385],{"class":65},[47,17656,75],{"class":61},[47,17658,8436],{"class":349},[47,17660,2166],{"class":61},[47,17662,17663],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,17664,17665],{"class":349},"2\n",[20,17667,17668,17669,2838,17675,17681,17682,110],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[210,17670,1633,17672],{"href":17671},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17673,17674],{},"keys()",[210,17676,1633,17678],{"href":17677},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17679,17680],{},"values()",", and ",[210,17683,1633,17685],{"href":17684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17686,17687],{},"items()",[33,17689,2429],{"id":2428},[244,17691,17693],{"id":17692},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17695,156,17696,3530,17698,17700],{},[15,17697,811],{},[15,17699,9765],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[244,17702,17704],{"id":17703},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17706,17707,17708,110],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17709,17710],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[244,17712,17714],{"id":17713},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17716,17717],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[244,17719,17721],{"id":17720},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17723,17724],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[244,17726,5823,17728,5036,17730,3143],{"id":17727},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17729,811],{},[15,17731,9765],{},[20,17733,17734,17736,17737,17739],{},[15,17735,811],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17738,9765],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[33,17741,2526],{"id":2525},[174,17743,17744,17748,17754,17758,17764],{},[177,17745,17746],{},[210,17747,213],{"href":9800},[177,17749,17750],{},[210,17751,1633,17752,1637],{"href":11373},[15,17753,11376],{},[177,17755,17756],{},[210,17757,2542],{"href":11368},[177,17759,17760],{},[210,17761,17763],{"href":17762},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[177,17765,17766],{},[210,17767,11897],{"href":11710},[20,17769,17770],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2563,17772,17773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":17775},[17776,17777,17778,17779,17782,17785,17790,17791,17796,17797,17802,17803,17811],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":15772,"depth":98,"text":15773},{"id":15790,"depth":98,"text":15778},{"id":15874,"depth":98,"text":15875,"children":17780},[17781],{"id":16026,"depth":135,"text":16027},{"id":10040,"depth":98,"text":10041,"children":17783},[17784],{"id":16205,"depth":135,"text":16206},{"id":16318,"depth":98,"text":17786,"children":17787},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17788],{"id":16445,"depth":135,"text":17789},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10082,"depth":98,"text":10083},{"id":16799,"depth":98,"text":16800,"children":17792},[17793,17794,17795],{"id":16820,"depth":135,"text":16821},{"id":16922,"depth":135,"text":16923},{"id":17003,"depth":135,"text":17004},{"id":17089,"depth":98,"text":17090},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":17798},[17799,17800,17801],{"id":17249,"depth":135,"text":17250},{"id":17307,"depth":135,"text":17308},{"id":17371,"depth":135,"text":17372},{"id":17447,"depth":98,"text":17448},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":17804},[17805,17806,17807,17808,17809],{"id":17692,"depth":135,"text":17693},{"id":17703,"depth":135,"text":17704},{"id":17713,"depth":135,"text":17714},{"id":17720,"depth":135,"text":17721},{"id":17727,"depth":135,"text":17810},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15616,"description":17812},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":17818,"description":2610,"extension":2611,"meta":20065,"navigation":357,"path":2613,"seo":20066,"stem":2615,"__hash__":2616},{"type":7,"value":17819,"toc":20030},[17820,17824,17828,17830,17832,17834,17910,17914,17918,17922,17934,17942,17946,17948,17970,17972,17982,17988,17990,17994,17996,17998,18070,18072,18116,18118,18132,18136,18140,18144,18212,18214,18258,18260,18268,18270,18386,18388,18440,18444,18446,18448,18462,18466,18468,18564,18566,18616,18620,18622,18626,18628,18630,18656,18660,18662,18664,18764,18766,18808,18810,18812,18816,18820,18828,18830,18886,18942,18946,18952,18956,18960,18964,19020,19022,19088,19090,19092,19162,19164,19174,19180,19182,19186,19188,19256,19258,19294,19296,19298,19360,19364,19366,19406,19414,19416,19484,19488,19492,19574,19576,19624,19630,19634,19678,19680,19712,19716,19718,19722,19760,19804,19872,19914,19916,19920,19922,19924,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19996,19998,20024,20028],[10,17821,13,17822,18],{"id":12},[15,17823,17],{},[20,17825,17826,25],{},[15,17827,24],{},[20,17829,28],{},[20,17831,31],{},[33,17833,36],{"id":35},[38,17835,17836],{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,17837,17838,17870,17896,17906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17839,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17841,54],{"class":53},[47,17843,58],{"class":57},[47,17845,62],{"class":61},[47,17847,66],{"class":65},[47,17849,70],{"class":69},[47,17851,66],{"class":65},[47,17853,75],{"class":61},[47,17855,78],{"class":65},[47,17857,81],{"class":69},[47,17859,66],{"class":65},[47,17861,75],{"class":61},[47,17863,78],{"class":65},[47,17865,90],{"class":69},[47,17867,66],{"class":65},[47,17869,95],{"class":61},[47,17871,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,17873,101],{"class":53},[47,17875,58],{"class":57},[47,17877,107],{"class":106},[47,17879,110],{"class":61},[47,17881,114],{"class":113},[47,17883,117],{"class":61},[47,17885,120],{"class":113},[47,17887,75],{"class":61},[47,17889,78],{"class":65},[47,17891,127],{"class":69},[47,17893,66],{"class":65},[47,17895,132],{"class":61},[47,17897,17898,17900,17902,17904],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,17899,139],{"class":138},[47,17901,117],{"class":61},[47,17903,144],{"class":113},[47,17905,132],{"class":61},[47,17907,17908],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,17909,153],{"class":152},[20,17911,156,17912,160],{},[15,17913,159],{},[33,17915,164,17916,167],{"id":163},[15,17917,24],{},[20,17919,17920,172],{},[15,17921,24],{},[174,17923,17924,17926,17928,17930],{},[177,17925,179],{},[177,17927,182],{},[177,17929,185],{},[177,17931,188,17932,192],{},[15,17933,191],{},[20,17935,195,17936,199,17938,202,17940,110],{},[15,17937,198],{},[15,17939,191],{},[15,17941,205],{},[20,17943,208,17944,110],{},[210,17945,213],{"href":212},[33,17947,217],{"id":216},[38,17949,17950],{"className":40,"code":220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,17951,17952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17953,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17955,198],{"class":106},[47,17957,110],{"class":61},[47,17959,114],{"class":113},[47,17961,117],{"class":61},[47,17963,235],{"class":113},[47,17965,75],{"class":61},[47,17967,240],{"class":113},[47,17969,132],{"class":61},[244,17971,247],{"id":246},[174,17973,17974,17978],{},[177,17975,17976,254],{},[15,17977,235],{},[177,17979,17980,260],{},[15,17981,259],{},[20,17983,263,17984,266,17986,110],{},[15,17985,259],{},[15,17987,269],{},[244,17989,273],{"id":272},[20,17991,276,17992,110],{},[278,17993,280],{},[33,17995,284],{"id":283},[20,17997,287],{},[38,17999,18000],{"className":40,"code":290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18001,18002,18034,18056,18060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18003,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18005,54],{"class":53},[47,18007,58],{"class":57},[47,18009,62],{"class":61},[47,18011,66],{"class":65},[47,18013,305],{"class":69},[47,18015,66],{"class":65},[47,18017,75],{"class":61},[47,18019,78],{"class":65},[47,18021,314],{"class":69},[47,18023,66],{"class":65},[47,18025,75],{"class":61},[47,18027,78],{"class":65},[47,18029,323],{"class":69},[47,18031,66],{"class":65},[47,18033,95],{"class":61},[47,18035,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,18037,332],{"class":53},[47,18039,58],{"class":57},[47,18041,107],{"class":106},[47,18043,110],{"class":61},[47,18045,114],{"class":113},[47,18047,117],{"class":61},[47,18049,120],{"class":113},[47,18051,75],{"class":61},[47,18053,350],{"class":349},[47,18055,132],{"class":61},[47,18057,18058],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,18059,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18061,18062,18064,18066,18068],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,18063,139],{"class":138},[47,18065,117],{"class":61},[47,18067,367],{"class":113},[47,18069,132],{"class":61},[20,18071,372],{},[38,18073,18074],{"className":40,"code":375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18075,18076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18077,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18079,382],{"class":61},[47,18081,385],{"class":65},[47,18083,305],{"class":69},[47,18085,385],{"class":65},[47,18087,172],{"class":61},[47,18089,350],{"class":349},[47,18091,75],{"class":61},[47,18093,398],{"class":65},[47,18095,314],{"class":69},[47,18097,385],{"class":65},[47,18099,172],{"class":61},[47,18101,350],{"class":349},[47,18103,75],{"class":61},[47,18105,398],{"class":65},[47,18107,323],{"class":69},[47,18109,385],{"class":65},[47,18111,172],{"class":61},[47,18113,350],{"class":349},[47,18115,421],{"class":61},[20,18117,424],{},[174,18119,18120,18124,18128],{},[177,18121,18122,431],{},[15,18123,120],{},[177,18125,18126,437],{},[15,18127,436],{},[177,18129,18130,442],{},[15,18131,24],{},[20,18133,445,18134,110],{},[210,18135,449],{"href":448},[33,18137,453,18138,456],{"id":452},[15,18139,17],{},[20,18141,459,18142,110],{},[15,18143,269],{},[38,18145,18146],{"className":40,"code":464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18147,18148,18180,18198,18202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18149,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18151,471],{"class":53},[47,18153,58],{"class":57},[47,18155,62],{"class":61},[47,18157,66],{"class":65},[47,18159,480],{"class":69},[47,18161,66],{"class":65},[47,18163,75],{"class":61},[47,18165,78],{"class":65},[47,18167,489],{"class":69},[47,18169,66],{"class":65},[47,18171,75],{"class":61},[47,18173,78],{"class":65},[47,18175,498],{"class":69},[47,18177,66],{"class":65},[47,18179,95],{"class":61},[47,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,18183,507],{"class":53},[47,18185,58],{"class":57},[47,18187,107],{"class":106},[47,18189,110],{"class":61},[47,18191,114],{"class":113},[47,18193,117],{"class":61},[47,18195,520],{"class":113},[47,18197,132],{"class":61},[47,18199,18200],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,18201,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18203,18204,18206,18208,18210],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,18205,139],{"class":138},[47,18207,117],{"class":61},[47,18209,535],{"class":113},[47,18211,132],{"class":61},[20,18213,372],{},[38,18215,18216],{"className":40,"code":542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18217,18218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18219,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18221,382],{"class":61},[47,18223,385],{"class":65},[47,18225,480],{"class":69},[47,18227,385],{"class":65},[47,18229,172],{"class":61},[47,18231,560],{"class":559},[47,18233,75],{"class":61},[47,18235,398],{"class":65},[47,18237,489],{"class":69},[47,18239,385],{"class":65},[47,18241,172],{"class":61},[47,18243,560],{"class":559},[47,18245,75],{"class":61},[47,18247,398],{"class":65},[47,18249,498],{"class":69},[47,18251,385],{"class":65},[47,18253,172],{"class":61},[47,18255,560],{"class":559},[47,18257,421],{"class":61},[20,18259,589],{},[174,18261,18262,18264,18266],{},[177,18263,594],{},[177,18265,597],{},[177,18267,600],{},[20,18269,603],{},[38,18271,18272],{"className":40,"code":606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18273,18274,18306,18324,18328,18350,18372,18376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18275,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18277,471],{"class":53},[47,18279,58],{"class":57},[47,18281,62],{"class":61},[47,18283,66],{"class":65},[47,18285,480],{"class":69},[47,18287,66],{"class":65},[47,18289,75],{"class":61},[47,18291,78],{"class":65},[47,18293,489],{"class":69},[47,18295,66],{"class":65},[47,18297,75],{"class":61},[47,18299,78],{"class":65},[47,18301,498],{"class":69},[47,18303,66],{"class":65},[47,18305,95],{"class":61},[47,18307,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,18309,507],{"class":53},[47,18311,58],{"class":57},[47,18313,107],{"class":106},[47,18315,110],{"class":61},[47,18317,114],{"class":113},[47,18319,117],{"class":61},[47,18321,520],{"class":113},[47,18323,132],{"class":61},[47,18325,18326],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,18327,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18329,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,18331,535],{"class":53},[47,18333,669],{"class":61},[47,18335,66],{"class":65},[47,18337,480],{"class":69},[47,18339,66],{"class":65},[47,18341,678],{"class":61},[47,18343,681],{"class":57},[47,18345,78],{"class":65},[47,18347,686],{"class":69},[47,18349,689],{"class":65},[47,18351,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,18353,535],{"class":53},[47,18355,669],{"class":61},[47,18357,66],{"class":65},[47,18359,489],{"class":69},[47,18361,66],{"class":65},[47,18363,678],{"class":61},[47,18365,681],{"class":57},[47,18367,78],{"class":65},[47,18369,711],{"class":69},[47,18371,689],{"class":65},[47,18373,18374],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,18375,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18377,18378,18380,18382,18384],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,18379,139],{"class":138},[47,18381,117],{"class":61},[47,18383,535],{"class":113},[47,18385,132],{"class":61},[20,18387,372],{},[38,18389,18390],{"className":40,"code":734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18391,18392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18393,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18395,382],{"class":61},[47,18397,385],{"class":65},[47,18399,480],{"class":69},[47,18401,385],{"class":65},[47,18403,172],{"class":61},[47,18405,398],{"class":65},[47,18407,686],{"class":69},[47,18409,385],{"class":65},[47,18411,75],{"class":61},[47,18413,398],{"class":65},[47,18415,489],{"class":69},[47,18417,385],{"class":65},[47,18419,172],{"class":61},[47,18421,398],{"class":65},[47,18423,711],{"class":69},[47,18425,385],{"class":65},[47,18427,75],{"class":61},[47,18429,398],{"class":65},[47,18431,498],{"class":69},[47,18433,385],{"class":65},[47,18435,172],{"class":61},[47,18437,560],{"class":559},[47,18439,421],{"class":61},[20,18441,787,18442,110],{},[210,18443,791],{"href":790},[33,18445,795],{"id":794},[20,18447,798],{},[174,18449,18450,18454,18458],{},[177,18451,18452,806],{},[15,18453,805],{},[177,18455,18456,812],{},[15,18457,811],{},[177,18459,18460,818],{},[15,18461,817],{},[20,18463,821,18464,110],{},[278,18465,824],{},[244,18467,828],{"id":827},[38,18469,18470],{"className":40,"code":831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18471,18472,18504,18524,18528,18550,18554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18473,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18475,54],{"class":53},[47,18477,58],{"class":57},[47,18479,62],{"class":61},[47,18481,66],{"class":65},[47,18483,210],{"class":69},[47,18485,66],{"class":65},[47,18487,75],{"class":61},[47,18489,78],{"class":65},[47,18491,854],{"class":69},[47,18493,66],{"class":65},[47,18495,75],{"class":61},[47,18497,78],{"class":65},[47,18499,863],{"class":69},[47,18501,66],{"class":65},[47,18503,95],{"class":61},[47,18505,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,18507,872],{"class":53},[47,18509,58],{"class":57},[47,18511,107],{"class":106},[47,18513,110],{"class":61},[47,18515,114],{"class":113},[47,18517,117],{"class":61},[47,18519,120],{"class":113},[47,18521,75],{"class":61},[47,18523,889],{"class":61},[47,18525,18526],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,18527,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18529,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,18531,898],{"class":53},[47,18533,669],{"class":61},[47,18535,66],{"class":65},[47,18537,210],{"class":69},[47,18539,66],{"class":65},[47,18541,909],{"class":61},[47,18543,912],{"class":113},[47,18545,117],{"class":61},[47,18547,917],{"class":349},[47,18549,132],{"class":61},[47,18551,18552],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,18553,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18555,18556,18558,18560,18562],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,18557,139],{"class":138},[47,18559,117],{"class":61},[47,18561,898],{"class":113},[47,18563,132],{"class":61},[20,18565,372],{},[38,18567,18568],{"className":40,"code":938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18569,18570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18571,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18573,382],{"class":61},[47,18575,385],{"class":65},[47,18577,210],{"class":69},[47,18579,385],{"class":65},[47,18581,172],{"class":61},[47,18583,62],{"class":61},[47,18585,917],{"class":349},[47,18587,959],{"class":61},[47,18589,398],{"class":65},[47,18591,854],{"class":69},[47,18593,385],{"class":65},[47,18595,172],{"class":61},[47,18597,62],{"class":61},[47,18599,917],{"class":349},[47,18601,959],{"class":61},[47,18603,398],{"class":65},[47,18605,863],{"class":69},[47,18607,385],{"class":65},[47,18609,172],{"class":61},[47,18611,62],{"class":61},[47,18613,917],{"class":349},[47,18615,988],{"class":61},[20,18617,991,18618,995],{},[15,18619,994],{},[244,18621,999],{"id":998},[20,18623,18624,1005],{},[15,18625,1004],{},[20,18627,1008],{},[20,18629,1011],{},[38,18631,18632],{"className":40,"code":1014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18633,18634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18635,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18637,898],{"class":53},[47,18639,669],{"class":61},[47,18641,66],{"class":65},[47,18643,210],{"class":69},[47,18645,66],{"class":65},[47,18647,909],{"class":61},[47,18649,912],{"class":113},[47,18651,117],{"class":61},[47,18653,917],{"class":349},[47,18655,132],{"class":61},[20,18657,1041,18658,110],{},[15,18659,994],{},[244,18661,1047],{"id":1046},[20,18663,1050],{},[38,18665,18666],{"className":40,"code":1053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18667,18668,18700,18724,18728,18750,18754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18669,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18671,54],{"class":53},[47,18673,58],{"class":57},[47,18675,62],{"class":61},[47,18677,66],{"class":65},[47,18679,210],{"class":69},[47,18681,66],{"class":65},[47,18683,75],{"class":61},[47,18685,78],{"class":65},[47,18687,854],{"class":69},[47,18689,66],{"class":65},[47,18691,75],{"class":61},[47,18693,78],{"class":65},[47,18695,863],{"class":69},[47,18697,66],{"class":65},[47,18699,95],{"class":61},[47,18701,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,18703,872],{"class":53},[47,18705,58],{"class":57},[47,18707,1096],{"class":61},[47,18709,1099],{"class":53},[47,18711,172],{"class":61},[47,18713,1104],{"class":61},[47,18715,1108],{"class":1107},[47,18717,1111],{"class":53},[47,18719,1114],{"class":1107},[47,18721,1117],{"class":53},[47,18723,421],{"class":61},[47,18725,18726],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,18727,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18729,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,18731,898],{"class":53},[47,18733,669],{"class":61},[47,18735,66],{"class":65},[47,18737,210],{"class":69},[47,18739,66],{"class":65},[47,18741,909],{"class":61},[47,18743,912],{"class":113},[47,18745,117],{"class":61},[47,18747,917],{"class":349},[47,18749,132],{"class":61},[47,18751,18752],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,18753,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,18755,18756,18758,18760,18762],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,18757,139],{"class":138},[47,18759,117],{"class":61},[47,18761,898],{"class":113},[47,18763,132],{"class":61},[20,18765,372],{},[38,18767,18768],{"className":40,"code":1164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18769,18770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18771,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18773,382],{"class":61},[47,18775,385],{"class":65},[47,18777,210],{"class":69},[47,18779,385],{"class":65},[47,18781,172],{"class":61},[47,18783,62],{"class":61},[47,18785,917],{"class":349},[47,18787,959],{"class":61},[47,18789,398],{"class":65},[47,18791,854],{"class":69},[47,18793,385],{"class":65},[47,18795,172],{"class":61},[47,18797,1195],{"class":61},[47,18799,398],{"class":65},[47,18801,863],{"class":69},[47,18803,385],{"class":65},[47,18805,172],{"class":61},[47,18807,1206],{"class":61},[20,18809,1209],{},[20,18811,1212],{},[33,18813,1216,18814],{"id":1215},[15,18815,17],{},[20,18817,18818,1223],{},[15,18819,24],{},[174,18821,18822,18824,18826],{},[177,18823,1228],{},[177,18825,1231],{},[177,18827,1234],{},[20,18829,1237],{},[38,18831,18832],{"className":40,"code":1240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18833,18834,18876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18835,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18837,1247],{"class":53},[47,18839,58],{"class":57},[47,18841,107],{"class":106},[47,18843,110],{"class":61},[47,18845,114],{"class":113},[47,18847,1258],{"class":61},[47,18849,66],{"class":65},[47,18851,1263],{"class":69},[47,18853,66],{"class":65},[47,18855,75],{"class":61},[47,18857,78],{"class":65},[47,18859,1272],{"class":69},[47,18861,66],{"class":65},[47,18863,75],{"class":61},[47,18865,78],{"class":65},[47,18867,1281],{"class":69},[47,18869,66],{"class":65},[47,18871,959],{"class":61},[47,18873,1288],{"class":559},[47,18875,132],{"class":61},[47,18877,18878,18880,18882,18884],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,18879,139],{"class":138},[47,18881,117],{"class":61},[47,18883,1299],{"class":113},[47,18885,132],{"class":61},[38,18887,18888],{"className":40,"code":1304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18889,18890,18932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18891,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18893,1311],{"class":53},[47,18895,58],{"class":57},[47,18897,107],{"class":106},[47,18899,110],{"class":61},[47,18901,114],{"class":113},[47,18903,1258],{"class":61},[47,18905,66],{"class":65},[47,18907,1326],{"class":69},[47,18909,66],{"class":65},[47,18911,75],{"class":61},[47,18913,78],{"class":65},[47,18915,1335],{"class":69},[47,18917,66],{"class":65},[47,18919,75],{"class":61},[47,18921,78],{"class":65},[47,18923,1344],{"class":69},[47,18925,66],{"class":65},[47,18927,959],{"class":61},[47,18929,350],{"class":349},[47,18931,132],{"class":61},[47,18933,18934,18936,18938,18940],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,18935,139],{"class":138},[47,18937,117],{"class":61},[47,18939,1361],{"class":113},[47,18941,132],{"class":61},[20,18943,1366,18944,1370],{},[278,18945,1369],{},[174,18947,18948,18950],{},[177,18949,1375],{},[177,18951,1378],{},[33,18953,18954,1384],{"id":1381},[15,18955,17],{},[20,18957,18958,1389],{},[15,18959,17],{},[244,18961,453,18962],{"id":1392},[15,18963,17],{},[38,18965,18966],{"className":40,"code":1397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18967,18968,19010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18969,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18971,1404],{"class":53},[47,18973,58],{"class":57},[47,18975,107],{"class":106},[47,18977,110],{"class":61},[47,18979,114],{"class":113},[47,18981,1258],{"class":61},[47,18983,66],{"class":65},[47,18985,1419],{"class":69},[47,18987,66],{"class":65},[47,18989,75],{"class":61},[47,18991,78],{"class":65},[47,18993,1428],{"class":69},[47,18995,66],{"class":65},[47,18997,75],{"class":61},[47,18999,78],{"class":65},[47,19001,1437],{"class":69},[47,19003,66],{"class":65},[47,19005,959],{"class":61},[47,19007,1444],{"class":559},[47,19009,132],{"class":61},[47,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19013,139],{"class":138},[47,19015,117],{"class":61},[47,19017,1455],{"class":113},[47,19019,132],{"class":61},[244,19021,1461],{"id":1460},[38,19023,19024],{"className":40,"code":1464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19025,19026,19034,19048,19062,19074,19078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19027,19028,19030,19032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19029,1404],{"class":53},[47,19031,58],{"class":57},[47,19033,1475],{"class":61},[47,19035,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19037,1480],{"class":65},[47,19039,1419],{"class":69},[47,19041,66],{"class":65},[47,19043,172],{"class":61},[47,19045,1444],{"class":559},[47,19047,1491],{"class":61},[47,19049,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,19051,1480],{"class":65},[47,19053,1428],{"class":69},[47,19055,66],{"class":65},[47,19057,172],{"class":61},[47,19059,1288],{"class":559},[47,19061,1491],{"class":61},[47,19063,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,19065,1480],{"class":65},[47,19067,1437],{"class":69},[47,19069,66],{"class":65},[47,19071,172],{"class":61},[47,19073,1518],{"class":559},[47,19075,19076],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,19077,421],{"class":61},[47,19079,19080,19082,19084,19086],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,19081,139],{"class":138},[47,19083,117],{"class":61},[47,19085,1455],{"class":113},[47,19087,132],{"class":61},[20,19089,1535],{},[244,19091,1539],{"id":1538},[38,19093,19094],{"className":40,"code":1542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19095,19096,19128,19152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19097,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19099,54],{"class":53},[47,19101,58],{"class":57},[47,19103,62],{"class":61},[47,19105,66],{"class":65},[47,19107,210],{"class":69},[47,19109,66],{"class":65},[47,19111,75],{"class":61},[47,19113,78],{"class":65},[47,19115,854],{"class":69},[47,19117,66],{"class":65},[47,19119,75],{"class":61},[47,19121,78],{"class":65},[47,19123,863],{"class":69},[47,19125,66],{"class":65},[47,19127,95],{"class":61},[47,19129,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19131,872],{"class":53},[47,19133,58],{"class":57},[47,19135,1096],{"class":61},[47,19137,1099],{"class":53},[47,19139,172],{"class":61},[47,19141,1104],{"class":61},[47,19143,1108],{"class":1107},[47,19145,1111],{"class":53},[47,19147,1114],{"class":1107},[47,19149,1117],{"class":53},[47,19151,421],{"class":61},[47,19153,19154,19156,19158,19160],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,19155,139],{"class":138},[47,19157,117],{"class":61},[47,19159,898],{"class":113},[47,19161,132],{"class":61},[20,19163,1613],{},[174,19165,19166,19170,19172],{},[177,19167,19168,1620],{},[15,19169,17],{},[177,19171,1623],{},[177,19173,1626],{},[20,19175,1629,19176,110],{},[210,19177,1633,19178,1637],{"href":1632},[15,19179,1636],{},[33,19181,1641],{"id":1640},[20,19183,1644,19184,110],{},[15,19185,24],{},[244,19187,1650],{"id":1649},[38,19189,19190],{"className":40,"code":1653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19191,19192,19224,19246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19193,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19195,1660],{"class":53},[47,19197,58],{"class":57},[47,19199,107],{"class":106},[47,19201,110],{"class":61},[47,19203,114],{"class":113},[47,19205,1258],{"class":61},[47,19207,66],{"class":65},[47,19209,210],{"class":69},[47,19211,66],{"class":65},[47,19213,75],{"class":61},[47,19215,78],{"class":65},[47,19217,854],{"class":69},[47,19219,66],{"class":65},[47,19221,959],{"class":61},[47,19223,889],{"class":61},[47,19225,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19227,1693],{"class":53},[47,19229,669],{"class":61},[47,19231,66],{"class":65},[47,19233,210],{"class":69},[47,19235,66],{"class":65},[47,19237,909],{"class":61},[47,19239,912],{"class":113},[47,19241,117],{"class":61},[47,19243,917],{"class":349},[47,19245,132],{"class":61},[47,19247,19248,19250,19252,19254],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,19249,139],{"class":138},[47,19251,117],{"class":61},[47,19253,1693],{"class":113},[47,19255,132],{"class":61},[20,19257,372],{},[38,19259,19260],{"className":40,"code":1726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19261,19262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19263,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19265,382],{"class":61},[47,19267,385],{"class":65},[47,19269,210],{"class":69},[47,19271,385],{"class":65},[47,19273,172],{"class":61},[47,19275,62],{"class":61},[47,19277,917],{"class":349},[47,19279,959],{"class":61},[47,19281,398],{"class":65},[47,19283,854],{"class":69},[47,19285,385],{"class":65},[47,19287,172],{"class":61},[47,19289,62],{"class":61},[47,19291,917],{"class":349},[47,19293,988],{"class":61},[20,19295,1763],{},[20,19297,1766],{},[38,19299,19300],{"className":40,"code":1769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19301,19302,19326,19350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19303,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19305,54],{"class":53},[47,19307,58],{"class":57},[47,19309,62],{"class":61},[47,19311,66],{"class":65},[47,19313,210],{"class":69},[47,19315,66],{"class":65},[47,19317,75],{"class":61},[47,19319,78],{"class":65},[47,19321,854],{"class":69},[47,19323,66],{"class":65},[47,19325,95],{"class":61},[47,19327,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19329,1660],{"class":53},[47,19331,58],{"class":57},[47,19333,1096],{"class":61},[47,19335,1099],{"class":53},[47,19337,172],{"class":61},[47,19339,1104],{"class":61},[47,19341,1108],{"class":1107},[47,19343,1111],{"class":53},[47,19345,1114],{"class":1107},[47,19347,1117],{"class":53},[47,19349,421],{"class":61},[47,19351,19352,19354,19356,19358],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,19353,139],{"class":138},[47,19355,117],{"class":61},[47,19357,1693],{"class":113},[47,19359,132],{"class":61},[244,19361,1833,19362,1836],{"id":1832},[15,19363,17],{},[20,19365,1839],{},[38,19367,19368],{"className":40,"code":1842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19369,19370,19402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19371,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19373,54],{"class":53},[47,19375,58],{"class":57},[47,19377,62],{"class":61},[47,19379,66],{"class":65},[47,19381,210],{"class":69},[47,19383,66],{"class":65},[47,19385,75],{"class":61},[47,19387,78],{"class":65},[47,19389,854],{"class":69},[47,19391,66],{"class":65},[47,19393,75],{"class":61},[47,19395,78],{"class":65},[47,19397,863],{"class":69},[47,19399,66],{"class":65},[47,19401,95],{"class":61},[47,19403,19404],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19405,1881],{"class":152},[20,19407,19408,1886,19410,1889,19412,110],{},[15,19409,17],{},[15,19411,198],{},[15,19413,1892],{},[20,19415,1895],{},[38,19417,19418],{"className":40,"code":1898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19419,19420,19452,19474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19421,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19423,54],{"class":53},[47,19425,58],{"class":57},[47,19427,62],{"class":61},[47,19429,66],{"class":65},[47,19431,210],{"class":69},[47,19433,66],{"class":65},[47,19435,75],{"class":61},[47,19437,78],{"class":65},[47,19439,854],{"class":69},[47,19441,66],{"class":65},[47,19443,75],{"class":61},[47,19445,78],{"class":65},[47,19447,863],{"class":69},[47,19449,66],{"class":65},[47,19451,95],{"class":61},[47,19453,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19455,1660],{"class":53},[47,19457,58],{"class":57},[47,19459,107],{"class":106},[47,19461,110],{"class":61},[47,19463,114],{"class":113},[47,19465,117],{"class":61},[47,19467,120],{"class":113},[47,19469,75],{"class":61},[47,19471,350],{"class":349},[47,19473,132],{"class":61},[47,19475,19476,19478,19480,19482],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,19477,139],{"class":138},[47,19479,117],{"class":61},[47,19481,1693],{"class":113},[47,19483,132],{"class":61},[244,19485,1968,19486,1971],{"id":1967},[15,19487,17],{},[20,19489,19490,1976],{},[15,19491,24],{},[38,19493,19494],{"className":40,"code":1979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19495,19496,19516,19550,19554,19564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19497,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19499,1986],{"class":53},[47,19501,58],{"class":57},[47,19503,1096],{"class":61},[47,19505,66],{"class":65},[47,19507,1995],{"class":69},[47,19509,66],{"class":65},[47,19511,172],{"class":61},[47,19513,2002],{"class":349},[47,19515,421],{"class":61},[47,19517,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19519,2009],{"class":53},[47,19521,58],{"class":57},[47,19523,107],{"class":106},[47,19525,110],{"class":61},[47,19527,114],{"class":113},[47,19529,1258],{"class":61},[47,19531,66],{"class":65},[47,19533,210],{"class":69},[47,19535,66],{"class":65},[47,19537,75],{"class":61},[47,19539,78],{"class":65},[47,19541,854],{"class":69},[47,19543,66],{"class":65},[47,19545,959],{"class":61},[47,19547,350],{"class":349},[47,19549,132],{"class":61},[47,19551,19552],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,19553,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,19555,19556,19558,19560,19562],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,19557,139],{"class":138},[47,19559,117],{"class":61},[47,19561,2052],{"class":113},[47,19563,132],{"class":61},[47,19565,19566,19568,19570,19572],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,19567,139],{"class":138},[47,19569,117],{"class":61},[47,19571,2063],{"class":113},[47,19573,132],{"class":61},[20,19575,372],{},[38,19577,19578],{"className":40,"code":2070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19579,19580,19596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19581,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19583,382],{"class":61},[47,19585,385],{"class":65},[47,19587,1995],{"class":69},[47,19589,385],{"class":65},[47,19591,172],{"class":61},[47,19593,2002],{"class":349},[47,19595,421],{"class":61},[47,19597,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19599,382],{"class":61},[47,19601,385],{"class":65},[47,19603,210],{"class":69},[47,19605,385],{"class":65},[47,19607,172],{"class":61},[47,19609,350],{"class":349},[47,19611,75],{"class":61},[47,19613,398],{"class":65},[47,19615,854],{"class":69},[47,19617,385],{"class":65},[47,19619,172],{"class":61},[47,19621,350],{"class":349},[47,19623,421],{"class":61},[20,19625,2119,19626,110],{},[210,19627,1633,19628,1637],{"href":1632},[15,19629,1636],{},[244,19631,2127,19632],{"id":2126},[15,19633,269],{},[38,19635,19636],{"className":40,"code":2132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19637,19638,19668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19639,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19641,1660],{"class":53},[47,19643,58],{"class":57},[47,19645,107],{"class":106},[47,19647,110],{"class":61},[47,19649,114],{"class":113},[47,19651,1258],{"class":61},[47,19653,66],{"class":65},[47,19655,1995],{"class":69},[47,19657,66],{"class":65},[47,19659,75],{"class":61},[47,19661,78],{"class":65},[47,19663,2161],{"class":69},[47,19665,66],{"class":65},[47,19667,2166],{"class":61},[47,19669,19670,19672,19674,19676],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19671,139],{"class":138},[47,19673,117],{"class":61},[47,19675,1693],{"class":113},[47,19677,132],{"class":61},[20,19679,372],{},[38,19681,19682],{"className":40,"code":2181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19683,19684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19685,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19687,382],{"class":61},[47,19689,385],{"class":65},[47,19691,1995],{"class":69},[47,19693,385],{"class":65},[47,19695,172],{"class":61},[47,19697,560],{"class":559},[47,19699,75],{"class":61},[47,19701,398],{"class":65},[47,19703,2161],{"class":69},[47,19705,385],{"class":65},[47,19707,172],{"class":61},[47,19709,560],{"class":559},[47,19711,421],{"class":61},[20,19713,2214,19714,110],{},[15,19715,269],{},[33,19717,2220],{"id":2219},[20,19719,2223,19720,2226],{},[15,19721,17],{},[38,19723,19724],{"className":40,"code":2229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19725,19726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19727,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19729,139],{"class":138},[47,19731,117],{"class":61},[47,19733,198],{"class":106},[47,19735,110],{"class":61},[47,19737,114],{"class":113},[47,19739,1258],{"class":61},[47,19741,66],{"class":65},[47,19743,210],{"class":69},[47,19745,66],{"class":65},[47,19747,75],{"class":61},[47,19749,78],{"class":65},[47,19751,854],{"class":69},[47,19753,66],{"class":65},[47,19755,959],{"class":61},[47,19757,350],{"class":349},[47,19759,2266],{"class":61},[38,19761,19762],{"className":40,"code":2132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19763,19764,19794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19765,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19767,1660],{"class":53},[47,19769,58],{"class":57},[47,19771,107],{"class":106},[47,19773,110],{"class":61},[47,19775,114],{"class":113},[47,19777,1258],{"class":61},[47,19779,66],{"class":65},[47,19781,1995],{"class":69},[47,19783,66],{"class":65},[47,19785,75],{"class":61},[47,19787,78],{"class":65},[47,19789,2161],{"class":69},[47,19791,66],{"class":65},[47,19793,2166],{"class":61},[47,19795,19796,19798,19800,19802],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19797,139],{"class":138},[47,19799,117],{"class":61},[47,19801,1693],{"class":113},[47,19803,132],{"class":61},[38,19805,19806],{"className":40,"code":1653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19807,19808,19840,19862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19809,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19811,1660],{"class":53},[47,19813,58],{"class":57},[47,19815,107],{"class":106},[47,19817,110],{"class":61},[47,19819,114],{"class":113},[47,19821,1258],{"class":61},[47,19823,66],{"class":65},[47,19825,210],{"class":69},[47,19827,66],{"class":65},[47,19829,75],{"class":61},[47,19831,78],{"class":65},[47,19833,854],{"class":69},[47,19835,66],{"class":65},[47,19837,959],{"class":61},[47,19839,889],{"class":61},[47,19841,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19843,1693],{"class":53},[47,19845,669],{"class":61},[47,19847,66],{"class":65},[47,19849,210],{"class":69},[47,19851,66],{"class":65},[47,19853,909],{"class":61},[47,19855,912],{"class":113},[47,19857,117],{"class":61},[47,19859,917],{"class":349},[47,19861,132],{"class":61},[47,19863,19864,19866,19868,19870],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,19865,139],{"class":138},[47,19867,117],{"class":61},[47,19869,1693],{"class":113},[47,19871,132],{"class":61},[38,19873,19874],{"className":40,"code":2381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19875,19876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19877,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19879,139],{"class":138},[47,19881,117],{"class":61},[47,19883,2392],{"class":106},[47,19885,117],{"class":61},[47,19887,198],{"class":106},[47,19889,110],{"class":61},[47,19891,114],{"class":113},[47,19893,1258],{"class":61},[47,19895,917],{"class":349},[47,19897,75],{"class":61},[47,19899,2409],{"class":349},[47,19901,75],{"class":61},[47,19903,2414],{"class":349},[47,19905,959],{"class":61},[47,19907,78],{"class":65},[47,19909,259],{"class":69},[47,19911,66],{"class":65},[47,19913,2425],{"class":61},[33,19915,2429],{"id":2428},[244,19917,2433,19918,2436],{"id":2432},[15,19919,17],{},[20,19921,2439],{},[244,19923,2443],{"id":2442},[20,19925,2446,19926,110],{},[15,19927,269],{},[244,19929,2452],{"id":2451},[20,19931,2455],{},[244,19933,2459],{"id":2458},[20,19935,1050],{},[38,19937,19938],{"className":40,"code":2464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19939,19940,19972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19941,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19943,54],{"class":53},[47,19945,58],{"class":57},[47,19947,62],{"class":61},[47,19949,66],{"class":65},[47,19951,210],{"class":69},[47,19953,66],{"class":65},[47,19955,75],{"class":61},[47,19957,78],{"class":65},[47,19959,854],{"class":69},[47,19961,66],{"class":65},[47,19963,75],{"class":61},[47,19965,78],{"class":65},[47,19967,863],{"class":69},[47,19969,66],{"class":65},[47,19971,95],{"class":61},[47,19973,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,19975,872],{"class":53},[47,19977,58],{"class":57},[47,19979,1096],{"class":61},[47,19981,1099],{"class":53},[47,19983,172],{"class":61},[47,19985,1104],{"class":61},[47,19987,1108],{"class":1107},[47,19989,1111],{"class":53},[47,19991,1114],{"class":1107},[47,19993,1117],{"class":53},[47,19995,421],{"class":61},[33,19997,2526],{"id":2525},[174,19999,20000,20004,20008,20012,20018],{},[177,20001,20002],{},[210,20003,2533],{"href":448},[177,20005,20006],{},[210,20007,213],{"href":212},[177,20009,20010],{},[210,20011,2542],{"href":790},[177,20013,20014],{},[210,20015,1633,20016,1637],{"href":1632},[15,20017,1636],{},[177,20019,20020],{},[210,20021,1633,20022,1637],{"href":2553},[15,20023,2556],{},[20,20025,156,20026,2561],{},[15,20027,24],{},[2563,20029,2565],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":20031},[20032,20033,20034,20038,20039,20040,20045,20046,20051,20057,20058,20064],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":163,"depth":98,"text":2570},{"id":216,"depth":98,"text":217,"children":20035},[20036,20037],{"id":246,"depth":135,"text":247},{"id":272,"depth":135,"text":273},{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":452,"depth":98,"text":2577},{"id":794,"depth":98,"text":795,"children":20041},[20042,20043,20044],{"id":827,"depth":135,"text":828},{"id":998,"depth":135,"text":999},{"id":1046,"depth":135,"text":1047},{"id":1215,"depth":98,"text":2584},{"id":1381,"depth":98,"text":2586,"children":20047},[20048,20049,20050],{"id":1392,"depth":135,"text":2589},{"id":1460,"depth":135,"text":1461},{"id":1538,"depth":135,"text":1539},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":20052},[20053,20054,20055,20056],{"id":1649,"depth":135,"text":1650},{"id":1832,"depth":135,"text":2596},{"id":1967,"depth":135,"text":2598},{"id":2126,"depth":135,"text":2600},{"id":2219,"depth":98,"text":2220},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":20059},[20060,20061,20062,20063],{"id":2432,"depth":135,"text":2605},{"id":2442,"depth":135,"text":2443},{"id":2451,"depth":135,"text":2452},{"id":2458,"depth":135,"text":2459},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},{},{"title":5,"description":2610},{"id":20068,"title":20069,"body":20070,"description":21900,"extension":2611,"meta":21901,"navigation":357,"path":21902,"seo":21903,"stem":21904,"__hash__":21905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20071,"toc":21867},[20072,20077,20083,20094,20224,20231,20236,20240,20256,20258,20356,20359,20376,20380,20382,20387,20425,20428,20446,20448,20566,20571,20575,20591,20594,20730,20733,20738,20744,20747,20784,20787,20791,20796,20872,20876,20881,20963,20965,20981,20986,20990,20996,21065,21068,21085,21088,21170,21176,21179,21199,21203,21208,21214,21220,21291,21294,21300,21303,21377,21384,21390,21398,21408,21410,21505,21511,21516,21603,21609,21611,21616,21638,21641,21736,21739,21770,21783,21785,21793,21799,21805,21808,21814,21819,21826,21831,21833,21864],[10,20073,13,20075,18],{"id":20074},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20076,11376],{},[20,20078,20079,20080,20082],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20081,11376],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20084,20085,20086,2838,20089,3048,20091,20093],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20087,20088],{},"KeyError",[15,20090,11376],{},[15,20092,269],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[38,20095,20097],{"className":40,"code":20096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20098,20099,20135,20139,20165,20190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20100,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20102,101],{"class":53},[47,20104,58],{"class":57},[47,20106,1096],{"class":61},[47,20108,66],{"class":65},[47,20110,70],{"class":69},[47,20112,66],{"class":65},[47,20114,172],{"class":61},[47,20116,78],{"class":65},[47,20118,13508],{"class":69},[47,20120,66],{"class":65},[47,20122,75],{"class":61},[47,20124,78],{"class":65},[47,20126,81],{"class":69},[47,20128,66],{"class":65},[47,20130,172],{"class":61},[47,20132,9946],{"class":349},[47,20134,421],{"class":61},[47,20136,20137],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20138,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,20140,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,20142,139],{"class":138},[47,20144,117],{"class":61},[47,20146,144],{"class":113},[47,20148,110],{"class":61},[47,20150,20151],{"class":113},"get",[47,20153,117],{"class":61},[47,20155,66],{"class":65},[47,20157,70],{"class":69},[47,20159,66],{"class":65},[47,20161,6006],{"class":61},[47,20163,20164],{"class":152},"           # Ana\n",[47,20166,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,20168,139],{"class":138},[47,20170,117],{"class":61},[47,20172,144],{"class":113},[47,20174,110],{"class":61},[47,20176,20151],{"class":113},[47,20178,117],{"class":61},[47,20180,66],{"class":65},[47,20182,90],{"class":69},[47,20184,66],{"class":65},[47,20186,6006],{"class":61},[47,20188,20189],{"class":152},"           # None\n",[47,20191,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20217,20219,20221],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,20193,139],{"class":138},[47,20195,117],{"class":61},[47,20197,144],{"class":113},[47,20199,110],{"class":61},[47,20201,20151],{"class":113},[47,20203,117],{"class":61},[47,20205,66],{"class":65},[47,20207,90],{"class":69},[47,20209,66],{"class":65},[47,20211,75],{"class":61},[47,20213,78],{"class":65},[47,20215,20216],{"class":69},"N\u002FA",[47,20218,66],{"class":65},[47,20220,6006],{"class":61},[47,20222,20223],{"class":152},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20225,156,20226,20228,20229,110],{},[15,20227,11376],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20230,20088],{},[33,20232,164,20234,167],{"id":20233},"what-get-does",[15,20235,11376],{},[20,20237,2628,20238,12046],{},[15,20239,11376],{},[174,20241,20242,20245,20250,20253],{},[177,20243,20244],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[177,20246,12057,20247,20249],{},[15,20248,269],{}," if the key does not exist",[177,20251,20252],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[177,20254,20255],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20257,603],{},[38,20259,20261],{"className":40,"code":20260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20262,20263,20302,20306,20331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20264,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20284,20286,20288,20290,20293,20295,20297,20300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20266,13491],{"class":53},[47,20268,58],{"class":57},[47,20270,1096],{"class":61},[47,20272,66],{"class":65},[47,20274,70],{"class":69},[47,20276,66],{"class":65},[47,20278,172],{"class":61},[47,20280,78],{"class":65},[47,20282,20283],{"class":69},"Lina",[47,20285,66],{"class":65},[47,20287,75],{"class":61},[47,20289,78],{"class":65},[47,20291,20292],{"class":69},"grade",[47,20294,66],{"class":65},[47,20296,172],{"class":61},[47,20298,20299],{"class":349}," 90",[47,20301,421],{"class":61},[47,20303,20304],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20305,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,20307,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,20309,139],{"class":138},[47,20311,117],{"class":61},[47,20313,14244],{"class":113},[47,20315,110],{"class":61},[47,20317,20151],{"class":113},[47,20319,117],{"class":61},[47,20321,66],{"class":65},[47,20323,70],{"class":69},[47,20325,66],{"class":65},[47,20327,6006],{"class":61},[47,20329,20330],{"class":152},"     # Lina\n",[47,20332,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,20334,139],{"class":138},[47,20336,117],{"class":61},[47,20338,14244],{"class":113},[47,20340,110],{"class":61},[47,20342,20151],{"class":113},[47,20344,117],{"class":61},[47,20346,66],{"class":65},[47,20348,489],{"class":69},[47,20350,66],{"class":65},[47,20352,6006],{"class":61},[47,20354,20355],{"class":152},"    # None\n",[20,20357,20358],{},"In this example:",[174,20360,20361,20366],{},[177,20362,20363,20365],{},[15,20364,15850],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[177,20367,20368,20371,20372,3048,20374],{},[15,20369,20370],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20373,11376],{},[15,20375,269],{},[20,20377,13648,20378,110],{},[210,20379,213],{"href":9800},[33,20381,2806],{"id":2805},[20,20383,20384,20385,172],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20386,11376],{},[38,20388,20390],{"className":40,"code":20389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20391,20392,20406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20393,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20395,16214],{"class":53},[47,20397,110],{"class":61},[47,20399,20151],{"class":113},[47,20401,117],{"class":61},[47,20403,1099],{"class":113},[47,20405,132],{"class":61},[47,20407,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20423],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20409,16214],{"class":53},[47,20411,110],{"class":61},[47,20413,20151],{"class":113},[47,20415,117],{"class":61},[47,20417,1099],{"class":113},[47,20419,75],{"class":61},[47,20421,20422],{"class":113}," default_value",[47,20424,132],{"class":61},[20,20426,20427],{},"What each part means:",[174,20429,20430,20435,20441],{},[177,20431,20432,20434],{},[15,20433,1099],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[177,20436,20437,20440],{},[15,20438,20439],{},"default_value"," is optional",[177,20442,20443,20444],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20445,269],{},[20,20447,603],{},[38,20449,20451],{"className":40,"code":20450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20452,20453,20477,20481,20506,20532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20454,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20456,1404],{"class":53},[47,20458,58],{"class":57},[47,20460,1096],{"class":61},[47,20462,66],{"class":65},[47,20464,13123],{"class":69},[47,20466,66],{"class":65},[47,20468,172],{"class":61},[47,20470,78],{"class":65},[47,20472,13132],{"class":69},[47,20474,66],{"class":65},[47,20476,421],{"class":61},[47,20478,20479],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20480,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,20482,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,20484,139],{"class":138},[47,20486,117],{"class":61},[47,20488,1455],{"class":113},[47,20490,110],{"class":61},[47,20492,20151],{"class":113},[47,20494,117],{"class":61},[47,20496,66],{"class":65},[47,20498,13123],{"class":69},[47,20500,66],{"class":65},[47,20502,6006],{"class":61},[47,20504,20505],{"class":152},"            # dark\n",[47,20507,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20525,20527,20529],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,20509,139],{"class":138},[47,20511,117],{"class":61},[47,20513,1455],{"class":113},[47,20515,110],{"class":61},[47,20517,20151],{"class":113},[47,20519,117],{"class":61},[47,20521,66],{"class":65},[47,20523,20524],{"class":69},"language",[47,20526,66],{"class":65},[47,20528,6006],{"class":61},[47,20530,20531],{"class":152},"         # None\n",[47,20533,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20559,20561,20563],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,20535,139],{"class":138},[47,20537,117],{"class":61},[47,20539,1455],{"class":113},[47,20541,110],{"class":61},[47,20543,20151],{"class":113},[47,20545,117],{"class":61},[47,20547,66],{"class":65},[47,20549,20524],{"class":69},[47,20551,66],{"class":65},[47,20553,75],{"class":61},[47,20555,78],{"class":65},[47,20557,20558],{"class":69},"en",[47,20560,66],{"class":65},[47,20562,6006],{"class":61},[47,20564,20565],{"class":152},"   # en\n",[33,20567,1216,20569],{"id":20568},"when-to-use-get",[15,20570,11376],{},[20,20572,156,20573,11238],{},[15,20574,11376],{},[174,20576,20577,20580,20585,20588],{},[177,20578,20579],{},"A key might not exist",[177,20581,20582,20583],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20584,20088],{},[177,20586,20587],{},"You are reading optional data",[177,20589,20590],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20592,20593],{},"Example with optional user data:",[38,20595,20597],{"className":40,"code":20596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20598,20599,20641,20645,20670,20696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20600,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20637,20639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20602,12122],{"class":53},[47,20604,58],{"class":57},[47,20606,1096],{"class":61},[47,20608,66],{"class":65},[47,20610,480],{"class":69},[47,20612,66],{"class":65},[47,20614,172],{"class":61},[47,20616,78],{"class":65},[47,20618,20619],{"class":69},"sam",[47,20621,66],{"class":65},[47,20623,75],{"class":61},[47,20625,78],{"class":65},[47,20627,489],{"class":69},[47,20629,66],{"class":65},[47,20631,172],{"class":61},[47,20633,78],{"class":65},[47,20635,20636],{"class":69},"sam@example.com",[47,20638,66],{"class":65},[47,20640,421],{"class":61},[47,20642,20643],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20644,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,20646,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,20648,139],{"class":138},[47,20650,117],{"class":61},[47,20652,12213],{"class":113},[47,20654,110],{"class":61},[47,20656,20151],{"class":113},[47,20658,117],{"class":61},[47,20660,66],{"class":65},[47,20662,480],{"class":69},[47,20664,66],{"class":65},[47,20666,6006],{"class":61},[47,20668,20669],{"class":152},"              # sam\n",[47,20671,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20689,20691,20693],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,20673,139],{"class":138},[47,20675,117],{"class":61},[47,20677,12213],{"class":113},[47,20679,110],{"class":61},[47,20681,20151],{"class":113},[47,20683,117],{"class":61},[47,20685,66],{"class":65},[47,20687,20688],{"class":69},"phone",[47,20690,66],{"class":65},[47,20692,6006],{"class":61},[47,20694,20695],{"class":152},"                 # None\n",[47,20697,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20723,20725,20727],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,20699,139],{"class":138},[47,20701,117],{"class":61},[47,20703,12213],{"class":113},[47,20705,110],{"class":61},[47,20707,20151],{"class":113},[47,20709,117],{"class":61},[47,20711,66],{"class":65},[47,20713,20688],{"class":69},[47,20715,66],{"class":65},[47,20717,75],{"class":61},[47,20719,78],{"class":65},[47,20721,20722],{"class":69},"Not provided",[47,20724,66],{"class":65},[47,20726,6006],{"class":61},[47,20728,20729],{"class":152}," # Not provided\n",[20,20731,20732],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20734,20735,20736,110],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[210,20737,17207],{"href":17206},[33,20739,20741,20743],{"id":20740},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20742,11376],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20745,20746],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[38,20748,20750],{"className":40,"code":20749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20751,20752,20766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20753,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20755,898],{"class":53},[47,20757,669],{"class":61},[47,20759,66],{"class":65},[47,20761,1099],{"class":69},[47,20763,66],{"class":65},[47,20765,95],{"class":61},[47,20767,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20769,898],{"class":53},[47,20771,110],{"class":61},[47,20773,20151],{"class":113},[47,20775,117],{"class":61},[47,20777,66],{"class":65},[47,20779,1099],{"class":69},[47,20781,66],{"class":65},[47,20783,132],{"class":61},[20,20785,20786],{},"The difference is important.",[244,20788,20790],{"id":20789},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20792,20793,20794,110],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20795,20088],{},[38,20797,20799],{"className":40,"code":20798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20800,20801,20825,20829,20851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20802,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20804,872],{"class":53},[47,20806,58],{"class":57},[47,20808,1096],{"class":61},[47,20810,66],{"class":65},[47,20812,70],{"class":69},[47,20814,66],{"class":65},[47,20816,172],{"class":61},[47,20818,78],{"class":65},[47,20820,13508],{"class":69},[47,20822,66],{"class":65},[47,20824,421],{"class":61},[47,20826,20827],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20828,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,20830,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20848],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,20832,139],{"class":138},[47,20834,117],{"class":61},[47,20836,898],{"class":113},[47,20838,669],{"class":61},[47,20840,66],{"class":65},[47,20842,70],{"class":69},[47,20844,66],{"class":65},[47,20846,20847],{"class":61},"])",[47,20849,20850],{"class":152},"   # Ana\n",[47,20852,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,20854,139],{"class":138},[47,20856,117],{"class":61},[47,20858,898],{"class":113},[47,20860,669],{"class":61},[47,20862,66],{"class":65},[47,20864,90],{"class":69},[47,20866,66],{"class":65},[47,20868,20847],{"class":61},[47,20870,20871],{"class":152},"   # KeyError\n",[244,20873,20874],{"id":20151},[15,20875,11376],{},[20,20877,20878,20880],{},[15,20879,11376],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[38,20882,20884],{"className":40,"code":20883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20885,20886,20910,20914,20938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20887,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20889,872],{"class":53},[47,20891,58],{"class":57},[47,20893,1096],{"class":61},[47,20895,66],{"class":65},[47,20897,70],{"class":69},[47,20899,66],{"class":65},[47,20901,172],{"class":61},[47,20903,78],{"class":65},[47,20905,13508],{"class":69},[47,20907,66],{"class":65},[47,20909,421],{"class":61},[47,20911,20912],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,20913,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,20915,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,20917,139],{"class":138},[47,20919,117],{"class":61},[47,20921,898],{"class":113},[47,20923,110],{"class":61},[47,20925,20151],{"class":113},[47,20927,117],{"class":61},[47,20929,66],{"class":65},[47,20931,70],{"class":69},[47,20933,66],{"class":65},[47,20935,6006],{"class":61},[47,20937,20850],{"class":152},[47,20939,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,20941,139],{"class":138},[47,20943,117],{"class":61},[47,20945,898],{"class":113},[47,20947,110],{"class":61},[47,20949,20151],{"class":113},[47,20951,117],{"class":61},[47,20953,66],{"class":65},[47,20955,90],{"class":69},[47,20957,66],{"class":65},[47,20959,6006],{"class":61},[47,20961,20962],{"class":152},"   # None\n",[20,20964,1613],{},[174,20966,20967,20973],{},[177,20968,20969,20970],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[278,20971,20972],{},"must exist",[177,20974,20975,20977,20978],{},[15,20976,11376],{}," when the key is ",[278,20979,20980],{},"optional",[20,20982,20983,20984,110],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[210,20985,11897],{"href":11710},[33,20987,20989],{"id":20988},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20991,20992,20993,20995],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20994,11376],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[38,20997,20999],{"className":40,"code":20998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21000,21001,21026,21030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21002,21003,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21004,21005],{"class":53},"profile ",[47,21007,58],{"class":57},[47,21009,1096],{"class":61},[47,21011,66],{"class":65},[47,21013,70],{"class":69},[47,21015,66],{"class":65},[47,21017,172],{"class":61},[47,21019,78],{"class":65},[47,21021,8568],{"class":69},[47,21023,66],{"class":65},[47,21025,421],{"class":61},[47,21027,21028],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21029,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,21031,21032,21034,21036,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21058,21060,21062],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21033,139],{"class":138},[47,21035,117],{"class":61},[47,21037,21038],{"class":113},"profile",[47,21040,110],{"class":61},[47,21042,20151],{"class":113},[47,21044,117],{"class":61},[47,21046,66],{"class":65},[47,21048,15871],{"class":69},[47,21050,66],{"class":65},[47,21052,75],{"class":61},[47,21054,78],{"class":65},[47,21056,21057],{"class":69},"Unknown",[47,21059,66],{"class":65},[47,21061,6006],{"class":61},[47,21063,21064],{"class":152},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21066,21067],{},"This is useful for display text:",[174,21069,21070,21075,21080],{},[177,21071,21072],{},[15,21073,21074],{},"\"Unknown\"",[177,21076,21077],{},[15,21078,21079],{},"\"Not set\"",[177,21081,21082],{},[15,21083,21084],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21086,21087],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[38,21089,21091],{"className":40,"code":21090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21092,21093,21125,21129,21156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21094,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21096,1311],{"class":53},[47,21098,58],{"class":57},[47,21100,1096],{"class":61},[47,21102,66],{"class":65},[47,21104,1326],{"class":69},[47,21106,66],{"class":65},[47,21108,172],{"class":61},[47,21110,6648],{"class":349},[47,21112,75],{"class":61},[47,21114,78],{"class":65},[47,21116,1335],{"class":69},[47,21118,66],{"class":65},[47,21120,172],{"class":61},[47,21122,7004],{"class":349},[47,21124,421],{"class":61},[47,21126,21127],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21128,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,21130,21131,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21132,21133],{"class":53},"total_history ",[47,21135,58],{"class":57},[47,21137,5753],{"class":53},[47,21139,110],{"class":61},[47,21141,20151],{"class":113},[47,21143,117],{"class":61},[47,21145,66],{"class":65},[47,21147,1344],{"class":69},[47,21149,66],{"class":65},[47,21151,75],{"class":61},[47,21153,350],{"class":349},[47,21155,132],{"class":61},[47,21157,21158,21160,21162,21165,21167],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,21159,139],{"class":138},[47,21161,117],{"class":61},[47,21163,21164],{"class":113},"total_history",[47,21166,4313],{"class":61},[47,21168,21169],{"class":152},"   # 0\n",[20,21171,21172,21173,21175],{},"Here, ",[15,21174,436],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21177,21178],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[174,21180,21181,21184,21189,21194],{},[177,21182,21183],{},"Use a string for text",[177,21185,156,21186,21188],{},[15,21187,436],{}," for numbers",[177,21190,156,21191,21193],{},[15,21192,805],{}," for lists if needed",[177,21195,156,21196,21198],{},[15,21197,811],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[33,21200,21202],{"id":21201},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21204,21205,21206,110],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21207,11376],{},[244,21209,21211,21213],{"id":21210},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21212,11376],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21215,21216,21217,21219],{},"This code does ",[278,21218,1369],{}," create a new key:",[38,21221,21223],{"className":40,"code":21222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21224,21225,21249,21253,21278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21226,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21228,101],{"class":53},[47,21230,58],{"class":57},[47,21232,1096],{"class":61},[47,21234,66],{"class":65},[47,21236,70],{"class":69},[47,21238,66],{"class":65},[47,21240,172],{"class":61},[47,21242,78],{"class":65},[47,21244,13508],{"class":69},[47,21246,66],{"class":65},[47,21248,421],{"class":61},[47,21250,21251],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21252,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,21254,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21256,139],{"class":138},[47,21258,117],{"class":61},[47,21260,144],{"class":113},[47,21262,110],{"class":61},[47,21264,20151],{"class":113},[47,21266,117],{"class":61},[47,21268,66],{"class":65},[47,21270,90],{"class":69},[47,21272,66],{"class":65},[47,21274,6006],{"class":61},[47,21276,21277],{"class":152},"  # None\n",[47,21279,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,21281,139],{"class":138},[47,21283,117],{"class":61},[47,21285,144],{"class":113},[47,21287,4313],{"class":61},[47,21289,21290],{"class":152},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21292,21293],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[244,21295,21297,21299],{"id":21296},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21298,11376],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21301,21302],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[38,21304,21306],{"className":40,"code":21305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21307,21308,21334,21338,21364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21309,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21321,21323,21325,21327,21330,21332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21311,1404],{"class":53},[47,21313,58],{"class":57},[47,21315,1096],{"class":61},[47,21317,66],{"class":65},[47,21319,21320],{"class":69},"mode",[47,21322,66],{"class":65},[47,21324,172],{"class":61},[47,21326,78],{"class":65},[47,21328,21329],{"class":69},"light",[47,21331,66],{"class":65},[47,21333,421],{"class":61},[47,21335,21336],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21337,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,21339,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21341,1455],{"class":53},[47,21343,110],{"class":61},[47,21345,20151],{"class":113},[47,21347,117],{"class":61},[47,21349,66],{"class":65},[47,21351,13123],{"class":69},[47,21353,66],{"class":65},[47,21355,75],{"class":61},[47,21357,78],{"class":65},[47,21359,13132],{"class":69},[47,21361,66],{"class":65},[47,21363,132],{"class":61},[47,21365,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,21367,139],{"class":138},[47,21369,117],{"class":61},[47,21371,1455],{"class":113},[47,21373,4313],{"class":61},[47,21375,21376],{"class":152},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21378,21379,21380,21383],{},"Even though ",[15,21381,21382],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[244,21385,21387,21388],{"id":21386},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21389,269],{},[20,21391,21392,21393,3048,21395,21397],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21394,11376],{},[15,21396,269],{}," because:",[174,21399,21400,21403],{},[177,21401,21402],{},"The key is missing, or",[177,21404,21405,21406],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21407,269],{},[20,21409,603],{},[38,21411,21413],{"className":40,"code":21412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21414,21415,21452,21456,21480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21416,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21444,21446,21448,21450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21418,872],{"class":53},[47,21420,58],{"class":57},[47,21422,1096],{"class":61},[47,21424,66],{"class":65},[47,21426,70],{"class":69},[47,21428,66],{"class":65},[47,21430,172],{"class":61},[47,21432,78],{"class":65},[47,21434,13508],{"class":69},[47,21436,66],{"class":65},[47,21438,75],{"class":61},[47,21440,78],{"class":65},[47,21442,21443],{"class":69},"nickname",[47,21445,66],{"class":65},[47,21447,172],{"class":61},[47,21449,560],{"class":559},[47,21451,421],{"class":61},[47,21453,21454],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21455,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,21457,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21459,139],{"class":138},[47,21461,117],{"class":61},[47,21463,898],{"class":113},[47,21465,110],{"class":61},[47,21467,20151],{"class":113},[47,21469,117],{"class":61},[47,21471,66],{"class":65},[47,21473,21443],{"class":69},[47,21475,66],{"class":65},[47,21477,6006],{"class":61},[47,21479,21277],{"class":152},[47,21481,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,21483,139],{"class":138},[47,21485,117],{"class":61},[47,21487,898],{"class":113},[47,21489,110],{"class":61},[47,21491,20151],{"class":113},[47,21493,117],{"class":61},[47,21495,66],{"class":65},[47,21497,90],{"class":69},[47,21499,66],{"class":65},[47,21501,6006],{"class":61},[47,21503,21504],{"class":152},"      # None\n",[20,21506,21507,21508,21510],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21509,269],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21512,21513,21514,172],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21515,1114],{},[38,21517,21519],{"className":40,"code":21518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21520,21521,21557,21561,21582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21522,21523,21525,21527,21529,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21524,872],{"class":53},[47,21526,58],{"class":57},[47,21528,1096],{"class":61},[47,21530,66],{"class":65},[47,21532,70],{"class":69},[47,21534,66],{"class":65},[47,21536,172],{"class":61},[47,21538,78],{"class":65},[47,21540,13508],{"class":69},[47,21542,66],{"class":65},[47,21544,75],{"class":61},[47,21546,78],{"class":65},[47,21548,21443],{"class":69},[47,21550,66],{"class":65},[47,21552,172],{"class":61},[47,21554,560],{"class":559},[47,21556,421],{"class":61},[47,21558,21559],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21560,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,21562,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21576,21578,21580],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21564,139],{"class":138},[47,21566,117],{"class":61},[47,21568,66],{"class":65},[47,21570,21443],{"class":69},[47,21572,66],{"class":65},[47,21574,21575],{"class":1107}," in",[47,21577,15181],{"class":113},[47,21579,4313],{"class":61},[47,21581,4316],{"class":152},[47,21583,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,21585,139],{"class":138},[47,21587,117],{"class":61},[47,21589,66],{"class":65},[47,21591,90],{"class":69},[47,21593,66],{"class":65},[47,21595,21575],{"class":1107},[47,21597,15181],{"class":113},[47,21599,4313],{"class":61},[47,21601,21602],{"class":152},"      # False\n",[20,21604,21605,21606,110],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[210,21607,21608],{"href":17762},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,21610,1641],{"id":1640},[20,21612,21613,21614,172],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21615,11376],{},[174,21617,21618,21623,21630,21635],{},[177,21619,21620,21621],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21622,20088],{},[177,21624,5348,21625,3048,21627,21629],{},[15,21626,11376],{},[15,21628,269],{}," if no default is provided",[177,21631,5223,21632,21634],{},[15,21633,11376],{}," creates a key automatically",[177,21636,21637],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21639,21640],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[38,21642,21644],{"className":40,"code":21643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21645,21646,21656,21670,21688,21710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21647,21648,21650,21652,21654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21649,139],{"class":138},[47,21651,117],{"class":61},[47,21653,12083],{"class":113},[47,21655,132],{"class":61},[47,21657,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21659,139],{"class":138},[47,21661,117],{"class":61},[47,21663,12083],{"class":113},[47,21665,110],{"class":61},[47,21667,120],{"class":113},[47,21669,7839],{"class":61},[47,21671,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21673,139],{"class":138},[47,21675,117],{"class":61},[47,21677,385],{"class":65},[47,21679,70],{"class":69},[47,21681,385],{"class":65},[47,21683,21575],{"class":1107},[47,21685,12396],{"class":113},[47,21687,132],{"class":61},[47,21689,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,21691,139],{"class":138},[47,21693,117],{"class":61},[47,21695,12083],{"class":113},[47,21697,110],{"class":61},[47,21699,20151],{"class":113},[47,21701,117],{"class":61},[47,21703,385],{"class":65},[47,21705,70],{"class":69},[47,21707,385],{"class":65},[47,21709,2266],{"class":61},[47,21711,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,21713,139],{"class":138},[47,21715,117],{"class":61},[47,21717,2392],{"class":106},[47,21719,117],{"class":61},[47,21721,12083],{"class":113},[47,21723,110],{"class":61},[47,21725,20151],{"class":113},[47,21727,117],{"class":61},[47,21729,385],{"class":65},[47,21731,70],{"class":69},[47,21733,385],{"class":65},[47,21735,2425],{"class":61},[20,21737,21738],{},"What these checks tell you:",[174,21740,21741,21746,21752,21758,21764],{},[177,21742,21743,21745],{},[15,21744,13308],{}," shows the full dictionary",[177,21747,21748,21751],{},[15,21749,21750],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[177,21753,21754,21757],{},[15,21755,21756],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[177,21759,21760,21763],{},[15,21761,21762],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[177,21765,21766,21769],{},[15,21767,21768],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21771,21772,21773,5036,21778,21782],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[210,21774,21775,21776,1637],{"href":17671},"the dictionary ",[15,21777,17674],{},[210,21779,21775,21780,1637],{"href":17684},[15,21781,17687],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[33,21784,2429],{"id":2428},[244,21786,2433,21788,21790,21791,3143],{"id":21787},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21789,11376],{}," raise ",[15,21792,20088],{},[20,21794,21795,21796,21798],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21797,269],{}," or the default value you provide.",[244,21800,2433,21802,21804],{"id":21801},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21803,11376],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21806,21807],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[244,21809,21811,21812,3143],{"id":21810},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21813,11376],{},[20,21815,21816,21818],{},[15,21817,269],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[244,21820,21822,21823,21825],{"id":21821},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21824,11376],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21827,156,21828,21830],{},[15,21829,11376],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[33,21832,2526],{"id":2525},[174,21834,21835,21839,21845,21851,21855,21860],{},[177,21836,21837],{},[210,21838,213],{"href":9800},[177,21840,21841],{},[210,21842,1633,21843,1637],{"href":17671},[15,21844,17674],{},[177,21846,21847],{},[210,21848,1633,21849,1637],{"href":17684},[15,21850,17687],{},[177,21852,21853],{},[210,21854,17763],{"href":17762},[177,21856,21857],{},[210,21858,21859],{"href":17206},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[177,21861,21862],{},[210,21863,11897],{"href":11710},[2563,21865,21866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":21868},[21869,21871,21872,21874,21879,21880,21888,21889,21899],{"id":20233,"depth":98,"text":21870},"What get() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":20568,"depth":98,"text":21873},"When to use get()",{"id":20740,"depth":98,"text":21875,"children":21876},"get() vs square brackets",[21877,21878],{"id":20789,"depth":135,"text":20790},{"id":20151,"depth":135,"text":11376},{"id":20988,"depth":98,"text":20989},{"id":21201,"depth":98,"text":21202,"children":21881},[21882,21884,21886],{"id":21210,"depth":135,"text":21883},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21296,"depth":135,"text":21885},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21386,"depth":135,"text":21887},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":21890},[21891,21893,21895,21897],{"id":21787,"depth":135,"text":21892},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21801,"depth":135,"text":21894},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21810,"depth":135,"text":21896},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21821,"depth":135,"text":21898},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20069,"description":21900},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21907,"title":21908,"body":21909,"description":24466,"extension":2611,"meta":24467,"navigation":357,"path":24468,"seo":24469,"stem":24470,"__hash__":24471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21910,"toc":24432},[21911,21916,21922,21928,21930,22012,22016,22033,22038,22043,22048,22050,22064,22066,22129,22133,22173,22181,22183,22185,22200,22203,22216,22218,22297,22301,22367,22369,22373,22381,22383,22394,22396,22506,22510,22589,22595,22601,22606,22719,22723,22755,22758,22865,22871,22878,22882,22885,22988,22992,23053,23056,23059,23070,23079,23082,23099,23101,23200,23204,23279,23282,23305,23310,23315,23332,23334,23455,23459,23493,23495,23500,23507,23517,23519,23597,23600,23671,23681,23684,23716,23719,23758,23764,23771,23774,23865,23869,23950,23956,23959,23962,24067,24070,24073,24195,24199,24202,24269,24273,24310,24316,24318,24324,24329,24335,24342,24348,24351,24390,24396,24399,24401,24429],[10,21912,13,21914,18],{"id":21913},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21915,17687],{},[20,21917,2628,21918,21921],{},[15,21919,21920],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21923,21924,21925,21927],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21926,17687],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[33,21929,36],{"id":35},[38,21931,21933],{"className":40,"code":21932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21934,21935,21971,21975,21998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21936,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21938,101],{"class":53},[47,21940,58],{"class":57},[47,21942,1096],{"class":61},[47,21944,66],{"class":65},[47,21946,70],{"class":69},[47,21948,66],{"class":65},[47,21950,172],{"class":61},[47,21952,78],{"class":65},[47,21954,13508],{"class":69},[47,21956,66],{"class":65},[47,21958,75],{"class":61},[47,21960,78],{"class":65},[47,21962,81],{"class":69},[47,21964,66],{"class":65},[47,21966,172],{"class":61},[47,21968,9946],{"class":349},[47,21970,421],{"class":61},[47,21972,21973],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,21974,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,21976,21977,21979,21982,21984,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,21978,6601],{"class":1107},[47,21980,21981],{"class":53}," key",[47,21983,75],{"class":61},[47,21985,21986],{"class":53}," value ",[47,21988,1114],{"class":1107},[47,21990,13869],{"class":53},[47,21992,110],{"class":61},[47,21994,8456],{"class":113},[47,21996,21997],{"class":61},"():\n",[47,21999,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,22001,8715],{"class":138},[47,22003,117],{"class":61},[47,22005,1099],{"class":113},[47,22007,75],{"class":61},[47,22009,240],{"class":113},[47,22011,132],{"class":61},[20,22013,22014],{},[278,22015,372],{},[38,22017,22019],{"className":40,"code":22018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22020,22021,22026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22022,22023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22024,22025],{"class":53},"name Ana\n",[47,22027,22028,22031],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22029,22030],{"class":53},"age ",[47,22032,3361],{"class":349},[20,22034,156,22035,22037],{},[15,22036,17687],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[33,22039,164,22041,167],{"id":22040},"what-items-does",[15,22042,17687],{},[20,22044,22045,22047],{},[15,22046,17687],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22049,12092],{},[174,22051,22052,22058,22061],{},[177,22053,22054,22055],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22056,22057],{},"(key, value)",[177,22059,22060],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[177,22062,22063],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22065,603],{},[38,22067,22069],{"className":40,"code":22068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22070,22071,22107,22111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22072,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22074,101],{"class":53},[47,22076,58],{"class":57},[47,22078,1096],{"class":61},[47,22080,66],{"class":65},[47,22082,70],{"class":69},[47,22084,66],{"class":65},[47,22086,172],{"class":61},[47,22088,78],{"class":65},[47,22090,13508],{"class":69},[47,22092,66],{"class":65},[47,22094,75],{"class":61},[47,22096,78],{"class":65},[47,22098,81],{"class":69},[47,22100,66],{"class":65},[47,22102,172],{"class":61},[47,22104,9946],{"class":349},[47,22106,421],{"class":61},[47,22108,22109],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22110,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22112,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,22114,139],{"class":138},[47,22116,117],{"class":61},[47,22118,1892],{"class":106},[47,22120,117],{"class":61},[47,22122,144],{"class":113},[47,22124,110],{"class":61},[47,22126,8456],{"class":113},[47,22128,6934],{"class":61},[20,22130,22131],{},[278,22132,372],{},[38,22134,22136],{"className":40,"code":22135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22137,22138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22139,22140,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22141,22142],{"class":61},"[(",[47,22144,385],{"class":65},[47,22146,70],{"class":69},[47,22148,385],{"class":65},[47,22150,75],{"class":61},[47,22152,398],{"class":65},[47,22154,13508],{"class":69},[47,22156,385],{"class":65},[47,22158,9875],{"class":61},[47,22160,9878],{"class":61},[47,22162,385],{"class":65},[47,22164,81],{"class":69},[47,22166,385],{"class":65},[47,22168,75],{"class":61},[47,22170,9946],{"class":349},[47,22172,9891],{"class":61},[20,22174,22175,22176,3530,22178,110],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[210,22177,213],{"href":212},[210,22179,15636],{"href":22180},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[33,22182,2806],{"id":2805},[20,22184,6079],{},[38,22186,22188],{"className":40,"code":22187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22189,22190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22191,22192,22194,22196,22198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22193,12083],{"class":53},[47,22195,110],{"class":61},[47,22197,8456],{"class":113},[47,22199,9288],{"class":61},[20,22201,22202],{},"Things to remember:",[174,22204,22205,22210,22213],{},[177,22206,22207,22209],{},[15,22208,17687],{}," does not take any arguments",[177,22211,22212],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[177,22214,22215],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22217,603],{},[38,22219,22221],{"className":40,"code":22220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22222,22223,22255,22259,22273,22277,22287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22224,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22226,1311],{"class":53},[47,22228,58],{"class":57},[47,22230,1096],{"class":61},[47,22232,66],{"class":65},[47,22234,5647],{"class":69},[47,22236,66],{"class":65},[47,22238,172],{"class":61},[47,22240,20299],{"class":349},[47,22242,75],{"class":61},[47,22244,78],{"class":65},[47,22246,5656],{"class":69},[47,22248,66],{"class":65},[47,22250,172],{"class":61},[47,22252,14127],{"class":349},[47,22254,421],{"class":61},[47,22256,22257],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22258,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22260,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,22262,2879],{"class":53},[47,22264,58],{"class":57},[47,22266,5753],{"class":53},[47,22268,110],{"class":61},[47,22270,8456],{"class":113},[47,22272,9288],{"class":61},[47,22274,22275],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,22276,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22278,22279,22281,22283,22285],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,22280,139],{"class":138},[47,22282,117],{"class":61},[47,22284,2914],{"class":113},[47,22286,132],{"class":61},[47,22288,22289,22291,22293,22295],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,22290,139],{"class":138},[47,22292,117],{"class":61},[47,22294,1361],{"class":113},[47,22296,132],{"class":61},[20,22298,22299],{},[278,22300,372],{},[38,22302,22304],{"className":40,"code":22303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22305,22306,22339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22307,22308,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22309,22310],{"class":113},"dict_items",[47,22312,10296],{"class":61},[47,22314,385],{"class":65},[47,22316,5647],{"class":69},[47,22318,385],{"class":65},[47,22320,75],{"class":61},[47,22322,20299],{"class":349},[47,22324,9875],{"class":61},[47,22326,9878],{"class":61},[47,22328,385],{"class":65},[47,22330,5656],{"class":69},[47,22332,385],{"class":65},[47,22334,75],{"class":61},[47,22336,14127],{"class":349},[47,22338,11316],{"class":61},[47,22340,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22342,382],{"class":61},[47,22344,385],{"class":65},[47,22346,5647],{"class":69},[47,22348,385],{"class":65},[47,22350,172],{"class":61},[47,22352,20299],{"class":349},[47,22354,75],{"class":61},[47,22356,398],{"class":65},[47,22358,5656],{"class":69},[47,22360,385],{"class":65},[47,22362,172],{"class":61},[47,22364,14127],{"class":349},[47,22366,421],{"class":61},[20,22368,21293],{},[33,22370,22372],{"id":22371},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22374,22375,22377,22378,22380],{},[15,22376,17687],{}," returns a ",[15,22379,22310],{}," view object.",[20,22382,2756],{},[174,22384,22385,22388,22391],{},[177,22386,22387],{},"You can loop over it",[177,22389,22390],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[177,22392,22393],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22395,603],{},[38,22397,22399],{"className":40,"code":22398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22400,22401,22433,22447,22451,22465,22469,22488,22492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22402,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22404,872],{"class":53},[47,22406,58],{"class":57},[47,22408,1096],{"class":61},[47,22410,66],{"class":65},[47,22412,1995],{"class":69},[47,22414,66],{"class":65},[47,22416,172],{"class":61},[47,22418,2002],{"class":349},[47,22420,75],{"class":61},[47,22422,78],{"class":65},[47,22424,2161],{"class":69},[47,22426,66],{"class":65},[47,22428,172],{"class":61},[47,22430,2409],{"class":349},[47,22432,421],{"class":61},[47,22434,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22436,9857],{"class":53},[47,22438,58],{"class":57},[47,22440,15181],{"class":53},[47,22442,110],{"class":61},[47,22444,8456],{"class":113},[47,22446,9288],{"class":61},[47,22448,22449],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,22450,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22452,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,22454,139],{"class":138},[47,22456,117],{"class":61},[47,22458,1892],{"class":106},[47,22460,117],{"class":61},[47,22462,9904],{"class":113},[47,22464,2266],{"class":61},[47,22466,22467],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,22468,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22470,22471,22473,22475,22477,22480,22482,22484,22486],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,22472,898],{"class":53},[47,22474,669],{"class":61},[47,22476,66],{"class":65},[47,22478,22479],{"class":69},"z",[47,22481,66],{"class":65},[47,22483,678],{"class":61},[47,22485,681],{"class":57},[47,22487,3229],{"class":349},[47,22489,22490],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,22491,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22493,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,22495,139],{"class":138},[47,22497,117],{"class":61},[47,22499,1892],{"class":106},[47,22501,117],{"class":61},[47,22503,9904],{"class":113},[47,22505,2266],{"class":61},[20,22507,22508],{},[278,22509,372],{},[38,22511,22513],{"className":40,"code":22512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22514,22515,22545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22516,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22518,22142],{"class":61},[47,22520,385],{"class":65},[47,22522,1995],{"class":69},[47,22524,385],{"class":65},[47,22526,75],{"class":61},[47,22528,2002],{"class":349},[47,22530,9875],{"class":61},[47,22532,9878],{"class":61},[47,22534,385],{"class":65},[47,22536,2161],{"class":69},[47,22538,385],{"class":65},[47,22540,75],{"class":61},[47,22542,2409],{"class":349},[47,22544,9891],{"class":61},[47,22546,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22548,22142],{"class":61},[47,22550,385],{"class":65},[47,22552,1995],{"class":69},[47,22554,385],{"class":65},[47,22556,75],{"class":61},[47,22558,2002],{"class":349},[47,22560,9875],{"class":61},[47,22562,9878],{"class":61},[47,22564,385],{"class":65},[47,22566,2161],{"class":69},[47,22568,385],{"class":65},[47,22570,75],{"class":61},[47,22572,2409],{"class":349},[47,22574,9875],{"class":61},[47,22576,9878],{"class":61},[47,22578,385],{"class":65},[47,22580,22479],{"class":69},[47,22582,385],{"class":65},[47,22584,75],{"class":61},[47,22586,2414],{"class":349},[47,22588,9891],{"class":61},[20,22590,22591,22592,22594],{},"This happens because ",[15,22593,9904],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[33,22596,22598,22599],{"id":22597},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22600,17687],{},[20,22602,22603,22604,172],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22605,17687],{},[38,22607,22609],{"className":40,"code":22608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22610,22611,22664,22668,22688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22612,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22614,13491],{"class":53},[47,22616,58],{"class":57},[47,22618,1096],{"class":61},[47,22620,66],{"class":65},[47,22622,70],{"class":69},[47,22624,66],{"class":65},[47,22626,172],{"class":61},[47,22628,78],{"class":65},[47,22630,8568],{"class":69},[47,22632,66],{"class":65},[47,22634,75],{"class":61},[47,22636,78],{"class":65},[47,22638,20292],{"class":69},[47,22640,66],{"class":65},[47,22642,172],{"class":61},[47,22644,78],{"class":65},[47,22646,22647],{"class":69},"A",[47,22649,66],{"class":65},[47,22651,75],{"class":61},[47,22653,78],{"class":65},[47,22655,81],{"class":69},[47,22657,66],{"class":65},[47,22659,172],{"class":61},[47,22661,14474],{"class":349},[47,22663,421],{"class":61},[47,22665,22666],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22667,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22669,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,22671,6601],{"class":1107},[47,22673,21981],{"class":53},[47,22675,75],{"class":61},[47,22677,21986],{"class":53},[47,22679,1114],{"class":1107},[47,22681,13534],{"class":53},[47,22683,110],{"class":61},[47,22685,8456],{"class":113},[47,22687,21997],{"class":61},[47,22689,22690,22692,22694,22697,22699,22701,22703,22706,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,22691,8715],{"class":138},[47,22693,117],{"class":61},[47,22695,22696],{"class":2714},"f",[47,22698,66],{"class":69},[47,22700,382],{"class":349},[47,22702,1099],{"class":113},[47,22704,22705],{"class":349},"}",[47,22707,22708],{"class":69},": ",[47,22710,382],{"class":349},[47,22712,259],{"class":113},[47,22714,22705],{"class":349},[47,22716,66],{"class":69},[47,22718,132],{"class":61},[20,22720,22721],{},[278,22722,372],{},[38,22724,22726],{"className":40,"code":22725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22727,22728,22737,22746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22729,22730,22732,22734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22731,70],{"class":53},[47,22733,172],{"class":61},[47,22735,22736],{"class":53}," Mia\n",[47,22738,22739,22741,22743],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22740,20292],{"class":53},[47,22742,172],{"class":61},[47,22744,22745],{"class":53}," A\n",[47,22747,22748,22750,22752],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,22749,81],{"class":53},[47,22751,172],{"class":61},[47,22753,22754],{"class":349}," 14\n",[20,22756,22757],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[38,22759,22761],{"className":40,"code":22760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22762,22763,22815,22819,22831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22764,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22766,13491],{"class":53},[47,22768,58],{"class":57},[47,22770,1096],{"class":61},[47,22772,66],{"class":65},[47,22774,70],{"class":69},[47,22776,66],{"class":65},[47,22778,172],{"class":61},[47,22780,78],{"class":65},[47,22782,8568],{"class":69},[47,22784,66],{"class":65},[47,22786,75],{"class":61},[47,22788,78],{"class":65},[47,22790,20292],{"class":69},[47,22792,66],{"class":65},[47,22794,172],{"class":61},[47,22796,78],{"class":65},[47,22798,22647],{"class":69},[47,22800,66],{"class":65},[47,22802,75],{"class":61},[47,22804,78],{"class":65},[47,22806,81],{"class":69},[47,22808,66],{"class":65},[47,22810,172],{"class":61},[47,22812,14474],{"class":349},[47,22814,421],{"class":61},[47,22816,22817],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22818,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22820,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,22822,6601],{"class":1107},[47,22824,1111],{"class":53},[47,22826,1114],{"class":1107},[47,22828,13534],{"class":53},[47,22830,7038],{"class":61},[47,22832,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,22834,8715],{"class":138},[47,22836,117],{"class":61},[47,22838,22696],{"class":2714},[47,22840,66],{"class":69},[47,22842,382],{"class":349},[47,22844,1099],{"class":113},[47,22846,22705],{"class":349},[47,22848,22708],{"class":69},[47,22850,382],{"class":349},[47,22852,14244],{"class":113},[47,22854,669],{"class":61},[47,22856,1099],{"class":113},[47,22858,678],{"class":61},[47,22860,22705],{"class":349},[47,22862,66],{"class":69},[47,22864,132],{"class":61},[20,22866,7154,22867,22870],{},[15,22868,22869],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22872,22873,22874,110],{},"For a full guide, see ",[210,22875,22877],{"href":22876},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,22879,22881],{"id":22880},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22883,22884],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[38,22886,22888],{"className":40,"code":22887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22889,22890,22949,22953,22973,22977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22891,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22927,22929,22931,22933,22936,22938,22940,22942,22945,22947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22893,332],{"class":53},[47,22895,58],{"class":57},[47,22897,1096],{"class":61},[47,22899,66],{"class":65},[47,22901,4720],{"class":69},[47,22903,66],{"class":65},[47,22905,172],{"class":61},[47,22907,78],{"class":65},[47,22909,305],{"class":69},[47,22911,66],{"class":65},[47,22913,75],{"class":61},[47,22915,78],{"class":65},[47,22917,4729],{"class":69},[47,22919,66],{"class":65},[47,22921,172],{"class":61},[47,22923,78],{"class":65},[47,22925,22926],{"class":69},"yellow",[47,22928,66],{"class":65},[47,22930,75],{"class":61},[47,22932,78],{"class":65},[47,22934,22935],{"class":69},"grape",[47,22937,66],{"class":65},[47,22939,172],{"class":61},[47,22941,78],{"class":65},[47,22943,22944],{"class":69},"purple",[47,22946,66],{"class":65},[47,22948,421],{"class":61},[47,22950,22951],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,22952,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22954,22955,22958,22960,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,22956,22957],{"class":53},"pairs_list ",[47,22959,58],{"class":57},[47,22961,22962],{"class":106}," list",[47,22964,117],{"class":61},[47,22966,367],{"class":113},[47,22968,110],{"class":61},[47,22970,8456],{"class":113},[47,22972,7839],{"class":61},[47,22974,22975],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,22976,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,22978,22979,22981,22983,22986],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,22980,139],{"class":138},[47,22982,117],{"class":61},[47,22984,22985],{"class":113},"pairs_list",[47,22987,132],{"class":61},[20,22989,22990],{},[278,22991,372],{},[38,22993,22995],{"className":40,"code":22994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22996,22997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22998,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23000,22142],{"class":61},[47,23002,385],{"class":65},[47,23004,4720],{"class":69},[47,23006,385],{"class":65},[47,23008,75],{"class":61},[47,23010,398],{"class":65},[47,23012,305],{"class":69},[47,23014,385],{"class":65},[47,23016,9875],{"class":61},[47,23018,9878],{"class":61},[47,23020,385],{"class":65},[47,23022,4729],{"class":69},[47,23024,385],{"class":65},[47,23026,75],{"class":61},[47,23028,398],{"class":65},[47,23030,22926],{"class":69},[47,23032,385],{"class":65},[47,23034,9875],{"class":61},[47,23036,9878],{"class":61},[47,23038,385],{"class":65},[47,23040,22935],{"class":69},[47,23042,385],{"class":65},[47,23044,75],{"class":61},[47,23046,398],{"class":65},[47,23048,22944],{"class":69},[47,23050,385],{"class":65},[47,23052,9891],{"class":61},[20,23054,23055],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23057,23058],{},"Use this when:",[174,23060,23061,23064,23067],{},[177,23062,23063],{},"You want clearer printed output",[177,23065,23066],{},"You need list behavior",[177,23068,23069],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[33,23071,23073,11222,23075,11222,23077],{"id":23072},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23074,17687],{},[15,23076,17674],{},[15,23078,17680],{},[20,23080,23081],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[174,23083,23084,23089,23094],{},[177,23085,23086,23088],{},[15,23087,17687],{}," gives both key and value",[177,23090,23091,23093],{},[15,23092,17674],{}," gives only keys",[177,23095,23096,23098],{},[15,23097,17680],{}," gives only values",[20,23100,603],{},[38,23102,23104],{"className":40,"code":23103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23105,23106,23142,23146,23164,23182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23107,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23109,101],{"class":53},[47,23111,58],{"class":57},[47,23113,1096],{"class":61},[47,23115,66],{"class":65},[47,23117,70],{"class":69},[47,23119,66],{"class":65},[47,23121,172],{"class":61},[47,23123,78],{"class":65},[47,23125,13508],{"class":69},[47,23127,66],{"class":65},[47,23129,75],{"class":61},[47,23131,78],{"class":65},[47,23133,81],{"class":69},[47,23135,66],{"class":65},[47,23137,172],{"class":61},[47,23139,9946],{"class":349},[47,23141,421],{"class":61},[47,23143,23144],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23145,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,23147,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23149,139],{"class":138},[47,23151,117],{"class":61},[47,23153,1892],{"class":106},[47,23155,117],{"class":61},[47,23157,144],{"class":113},[47,23159,110],{"class":61},[47,23161,120],{"class":113},[47,23163,6934],{"class":61},[47,23165,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,23167,139],{"class":138},[47,23169,117],{"class":61},[47,23171,1892],{"class":106},[47,23173,117],{"class":61},[47,23175,144],{"class":113},[47,23177,110],{"class":61},[47,23179,6003],{"class":113},[47,23181,6934],{"class":61},[47,23183,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,23185,139],{"class":138},[47,23187,117],{"class":61},[47,23189,1892],{"class":106},[47,23191,117],{"class":61},[47,23193,144],{"class":113},[47,23195,110],{"class":61},[47,23197,8456],{"class":113},[47,23199,6934],{"class":61},[20,23201,23202],{},[278,23203,372],{},[38,23205,23207],{"className":40,"code":23206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23208,23209,23229,23245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23210,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23212,669],{"class":61},[47,23214,385],{"class":65},[47,23216,70],{"class":69},[47,23218,385],{"class":65},[47,23220,75],{"class":61},[47,23222,398],{"class":65},[47,23224,81],{"class":69},[47,23226,385],{"class":65},[47,23228,95],{"class":61},[47,23230,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23232,669],{"class":61},[47,23234,385],{"class":65},[47,23236,13508],{"class":69},[47,23238,385],{"class":65},[47,23240,75],{"class":61},[47,23242,9946],{"class":349},[47,23244,95],{"class":61},[47,23246,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23248,22142],{"class":61},[47,23250,385],{"class":65},[47,23252,70],{"class":69},[47,23254,385],{"class":65},[47,23256,75],{"class":61},[47,23258,398],{"class":65},[47,23260,13508],{"class":69},[47,23262,385],{"class":65},[47,23264,9875],{"class":61},[47,23266,9878],{"class":61},[47,23268,385],{"class":65},[47,23270,81],{"class":69},[47,23272,385],{"class":65},[47,23274,75],{"class":61},[47,23276,9946],{"class":349},[47,23278,9891],{"class":61},[20,23280,23281],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[174,23283,23284,23292,23300],{},[177,23285,23286,23287],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[210,23288,23290],{"href":23289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23291,17674],{},[177,23293,23294,23295],{},"Need just values? Use ",[210,23296,23298],{"href":23297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23299,17680],{},[177,23301,23302,23303],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23304,17687],{},[33,23306,1216,23308],{"id":23307},"when-to-use-items",[15,23309,17687],{},[20,23311,23312,23314],{},[15,23313,17687],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[174,23316,23317,23320,23323,23326,23329],{},[177,23318,23319],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[177,23321,23322],{},"Building formatted output",[177,23324,23325],{},"Looping through settings and values",[177,23327,23328],{},"Showing names with scores",[177,23330,23331],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23333,603],{},[38,23335,23337],{"className":40,"code":23336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23338,23339,23347,23365,23384,23396,23400,23404,23425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23340,23341,23343,23345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23342,1404],{"class":53},[47,23344,58],{"class":57},[47,23346,1475],{"class":61},[47,23348,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23350,1480],{"class":65},[47,23352,13123],{"class":69},[47,23354,66],{"class":65},[47,23356,172],{"class":61},[47,23358,78],{"class":65},[47,23360,13132],{"class":69},[47,23362,66],{"class":65},[47,23364,1491],{"class":61},[47,23366,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23380,23382],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23368,1480],{"class":65},[47,23370,20524],{"class":69},[47,23372,66],{"class":65},[47,23374,172],{"class":61},[47,23376,78],{"class":65},[47,23378,23379],{"class":69},"English",[47,23381,66],{"class":65},[47,23383,1491],{"class":61},[47,23385,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,23387,1480],{"class":65},[47,23389,1437],{"class":69},[47,23391,66],{"class":65},[47,23393,172],{"class":61},[47,23395,1518],{"class":559},[47,23397,23398],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,23399,421],{"class":61},[47,23401,23402],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,23403,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,23405,23406,23408,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,23407,6601],{"class":1107},[47,23409,23410],{"class":53}," setting",[47,23412,75],{"class":61},[47,23414,21986],{"class":53},[47,23416,1114],{"class":1107},[47,23418,14486],{"class":53},[47,23420,110],{"class":61},[47,23422,8456],{"class":113},[47,23424,21997],{"class":61},[47,23426,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23440,23442,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,23428,8715],{"class":138},[47,23430,117],{"class":61},[47,23432,22696],{"class":2714},[47,23434,66],{"class":69},[47,23436,382],{"class":349},[47,23438,23439],{"class":113},"setting",[47,23441,22705],{"class":349},[47,23443,23444],{"class":69}," = ",[47,23446,382],{"class":349},[47,23448,259],{"class":113},[47,23450,22705],{"class":349},[47,23452,66],{"class":69},[47,23454,132],{"class":61},[20,23456,23457],{},[278,23458,372],{},[38,23460,23462],{"className":40,"code":23461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23463,23464,23474,23484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23465,23466,23469,23471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23467,23468],{"class":53},"theme ",[47,23470,58],{"class":57},[47,23472,23473],{"class":53}," dark\n",[47,23475,23476,23479,23481],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23477,23478],{"class":53},"language ",[47,23480,58],{"class":57},[47,23482,23483],{"class":53}," English\n",[47,23485,23486,23489,23491],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23487,23488],{"class":53},"notifications ",[47,23490,58],{"class":57},[47,23492,1518],{"class":559},[33,23494,1641],{"id":1640},[20,23496,23497,23498,110],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23499,17687],{},[244,23501,23503,23504,23506],{"id":23502},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23505,17687],{}," incorrectly",[20,23508,23509,23510,23512,23513,23516],{},"Each result from ",[15,23511,17687],{}," has ",[278,23514,23515],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23518,7332],{},[38,23520,23521],{"className":40,"code":21932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,23522,23523,23559,23563,23583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23524,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23526,101],{"class":53},[47,23528,58],{"class":57},[47,23530,1096],{"class":61},[47,23532,66],{"class":65},[47,23534,70],{"class":69},[47,23536,66],{"class":65},[47,23538,172],{"class":61},[47,23540,78],{"class":65},[47,23542,13508],{"class":69},[47,23544,66],{"class":65},[47,23546,75],{"class":61},[47,23548,78],{"class":65},[47,23550,81],{"class":69},[47,23552,66],{"class":65},[47,23554,172],{"class":61},[47,23556,9946],{"class":349},[47,23558,421],{"class":61},[47,23560,23561],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23562,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,23564,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23566,6601],{"class":1107},[47,23568,21981],{"class":53},[47,23570,75],{"class":61},[47,23572,21986],{"class":53},[47,23574,1114],{"class":1107},[47,23576,13869],{"class":53},[47,23578,110],{"class":61},[47,23580,8456],{"class":113},[47,23582,21997],{"class":61},[47,23584,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,23586,8715],{"class":138},[47,23588,117],{"class":61},[47,23590,1099],{"class":113},[47,23592,75],{"class":61},[47,23594,240],{"class":113},[47,23596,132],{"class":61},[20,23598,23599],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[38,23601,23603],{"className":40,"code":23602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23604,23605,23641,23645,23661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23606,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23608,101],{"class":53},[47,23610,58],{"class":57},[47,23612,1096],{"class":61},[47,23614,66],{"class":65},[47,23616,70],{"class":69},[47,23618,66],{"class":65},[47,23620,172],{"class":61},[47,23622,78],{"class":65},[47,23624,13508],{"class":69},[47,23626,66],{"class":65},[47,23628,75],{"class":61},[47,23630,78],{"class":65},[47,23632,81],{"class":69},[47,23634,66],{"class":65},[47,23636,172],{"class":61},[47,23638,9946],{"class":349},[47,23640,421],{"class":61},[47,23642,23643],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23644,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,23646,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23648,6601],{"class":1107},[47,23650,1111],{"class":53},[47,23652,1114],{"class":1107},[47,23654,13869],{"class":53},[47,23656,110],{"class":61},[47,23658,8456],{"class":113},[47,23660,21997],{"class":61},[47,23662,23663,23665,23667,23669],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,23664,8715],{"class":138},[47,23666,117],{"class":61},[47,23668,1099],{"class":113},[47,23670,132],{"class":61},[20,23672,23673,23674,23676,23677,23680],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23675,1099],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23678,23679],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23682,23683],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[38,23685,23687],{"className":40,"code":23686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23688,23689,23705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23690,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23692,6601],{"class":1107},[47,23694,6604],{"class":53},[47,23696,1114],{"class":1107},[47,23698,13869],{"class":53},[47,23700,110],{"class":61},[47,23702,8456],{"class":113},[47,23704,21997],{"class":61},[47,23706,23707,23709,23711,23714],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23708,8715],{"class":138},[47,23710,117],{"class":61},[47,23712,23713],{"class":113},"item",[47,23715,132],{"class":61},[20,23717,23718],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[38,23720,23722],{"className":40,"code":23721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23723,23724,23744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23725,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23727,6601],{"class":1107},[47,23729,21981],{"class":53},[47,23731,75],{"class":61},[47,23733,21986],{"class":53},[47,23735,1114],{"class":1107},[47,23737,13869],{"class":53},[47,23739,110],{"class":61},[47,23741,8456],{"class":113},[47,23743,21997],{"class":61},[47,23745,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23747,8715],{"class":138},[47,23749,117],{"class":61},[47,23751,1099],{"class":113},[47,23753,75],{"class":61},[47,23755,240],{"class":113},[47,23757,132],{"class":61},[244,23759,1968,23761,23763],{"id":23760},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23762,17687],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23765,23766,22377,23768,23770],{},[15,23767,17687],{},[15,23769,22310],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23772,23773],{},"Check it:",[38,23775,23777],{"className":40,"code":23776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23778,23779,23811,23815,23829,23847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23780,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23782,12355],{"class":53},[47,23784,58],{"class":57},[47,23786,1096],{"class":61},[47,23788,66],{"class":65},[47,23790,210],{"class":69},[47,23792,66],{"class":65},[47,23794,172],{"class":61},[47,23796,2002],{"class":349},[47,23798,75],{"class":61},[47,23800,78],{"class":65},[47,23802,854],{"class":69},[47,23804,66],{"class":65},[47,23806,172],{"class":61},[47,23808,2409],{"class":349},[47,23810,421],{"class":61},[47,23812,23813],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23814,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,23816,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23818,139],{"class":138},[47,23820,117],{"class":61},[47,23822,12083],{"class":113},[47,23824,110],{"class":61},[47,23826,8456],{"class":113},[47,23828,7839],{"class":61},[47,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,23832,139],{"class":138},[47,23834,117],{"class":61},[47,23836,2392],{"class":106},[47,23838,117],{"class":61},[47,23840,12083],{"class":113},[47,23842,110],{"class":61},[47,23844,8456],{"class":113},[47,23846,6934],{"class":61},[47,23848,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,23850,139],{"class":138},[47,23852,117],{"class":61},[47,23854,1892],{"class":106},[47,23856,117],{"class":61},[47,23858,12083],{"class":113},[47,23860,110],{"class":61},[47,23862,8456],{"class":113},[47,23864,6934],{"class":61},[20,23866,23867],{},[278,23868,372],{},[38,23870,23872],{"className":40,"code":23871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23873,23874,23906,23920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23875,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23877,22310],{"class":113},[47,23879,10296],{"class":61},[47,23881,385],{"class":65},[47,23883,210],{"class":69},[47,23885,385],{"class":65},[47,23887,75],{"class":61},[47,23889,2002],{"class":349},[47,23891,9875],{"class":61},[47,23893,9878],{"class":61},[47,23895,385],{"class":65},[47,23897,854],{"class":69},[47,23899,385],{"class":65},[47,23901,75],{"class":61},[47,23903,2409],{"class":349},[47,23905,11316],{"class":61},[47,23907,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,23909,3941],{"class":57},[47,23911,3944],{"class":2714},[47,23913,398],{"class":65},[47,23915,22310],{"class":69},[47,23917,385],{"class":65},[47,23919,3953],{"class":57},[47,23921,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,23923,22142],{"class":61},[47,23925,385],{"class":65},[47,23927,210],{"class":69},[47,23929,385],{"class":65},[47,23931,75],{"class":61},[47,23933,2002],{"class":349},[47,23935,9875],{"class":61},[47,23937,9878],{"class":61},[47,23939,385],{"class":65},[47,23941,854],{"class":69},[47,23943,385],{"class":65},[47,23945,75],{"class":61},[47,23947,2409],{"class":349},[47,23949,9891],{"class":61},[244,23951,23953,23954],{"id":23952},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23955,17687],{},[20,23957,23958],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23960,23961],{},"Problem example:",[38,23963,23965],{"className":40,"code":23964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23966,23967,24011,24015,24035,24047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23968,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23970,4270],{"class":53},[47,23972,58],{"class":57},[47,23974,1096],{"class":61},[47,23976,66],{"class":65},[47,23978,210],{"class":69},[47,23980,66],{"class":65},[47,23982,172],{"class":61},[47,23984,2002],{"class":349},[47,23986,75],{"class":61},[47,23988,78],{"class":65},[47,23990,854],{"class":69},[47,23992,66],{"class":65},[47,23994,172],{"class":61},[47,23996,2409],{"class":349},[47,23998,75],{"class":61},[47,24000,78],{"class":65},[47,24002,863],{"class":69},[47,24004,66],{"class":65},[47,24006,172],{"class":61},[47,24008,2414],{"class":349},[47,24010,421],{"class":61},[47,24012,24013],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24014,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24016,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,24018,6601],{"class":1107},[47,24020,21981],{"class":53},[47,24022,75],{"class":61},[47,24024,21986],{"class":53},[47,24026,1114],{"class":1107},[47,24028,4905],{"class":53},[47,24030,110],{"class":61},[47,24032,8456],{"class":113},[47,24034,21997],{"class":61},[47,24036,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,24038,7043],{"class":1107},[47,24040,21986],{"class":53},[47,24042,5332],{"class":57},[47,24044,2409],{"class":349},[47,24046,7038],{"class":61},[47,24048,24049,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,24050,24051],{"class":53},"        numbers",[47,24053,669],{"class":61},[47,24055,66],{"class":65},[47,24057,1693],{"class":69},[47,24059,66],{"class":65},[47,24061,678],{"class":61},[47,24063,681],{"class":57},[47,24065,24066],{"class":349}," 4\n",[20,24068,24069],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24071,24072],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[38,24074,24076],{"className":40,"code":24075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24077,24078,24122,24126,24151,24163,24181,24185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24079,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24081,4270],{"class":53},[47,24083,58],{"class":57},[47,24085,1096],{"class":61},[47,24087,66],{"class":65},[47,24089,210],{"class":69},[47,24091,66],{"class":65},[47,24093,172],{"class":61},[47,24095,2002],{"class":349},[47,24097,75],{"class":61},[47,24099,78],{"class":65},[47,24101,854],{"class":69},[47,24103,66],{"class":65},[47,24105,172],{"class":61},[47,24107,2409],{"class":349},[47,24109,75],{"class":61},[47,24111,78],{"class":65},[47,24113,863],{"class":69},[47,24115,66],{"class":65},[47,24117,172],{"class":61},[47,24119,2414],{"class":349},[47,24121,421],{"class":61},[47,24123,24124],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24125,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24127,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,24129,6601],{"class":1107},[47,24131,21981],{"class":53},[47,24133,75],{"class":61},[47,24135,21986],{"class":53},[47,24137,1114],{"class":1107},[47,24139,22962],{"class":106},[47,24141,117],{"class":61},[47,24143,4300],{"class":113},[47,24145,110],{"class":61},[47,24147,8456],{"class":113},[47,24149,24150],{"class":61},"()):\n",[47,24152,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,24154,7043],{"class":1107},[47,24156,21986],{"class":53},[47,24158,5332],{"class":57},[47,24160,2409],{"class":349},[47,24162,7038],{"class":61},[47,24164,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,24166,24051],{"class":53},[47,24168,669],{"class":61},[47,24170,66],{"class":65},[47,24172,1693],{"class":69},[47,24174,66],{"class":65},[47,24176,678],{"class":61},[47,24178,681],{"class":57},[47,24180,24066],{"class":349},[47,24182,24183],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,24184,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24186,24187,24189,24191,24193],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,24188,139],{"class":138},[47,24190,117],{"class":61},[47,24192,4300],{"class":113},[47,24194,132],{"class":61},[244,24196,24198],{"id":24197},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24200,24201],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[38,24203,24205],{"className":40,"code":24204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24206,24207,24239,24243,24259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24208,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24210,872],{"class":53},[47,24212,58],{"class":57},[47,24214,1096],{"class":61},[47,24216,66],{"class":65},[47,24218,1995],{"class":69},[47,24220,66],{"class":65},[47,24222,172],{"class":61},[47,24224,6648],{"class":349},[47,24226,75],{"class":61},[47,24228,78],{"class":65},[47,24230,2161],{"class":69},[47,24232,66],{"class":65},[47,24234,172],{"class":61},[47,24236,8436],{"class":349},[47,24238,421],{"class":61},[47,24240,24241],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24242,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24244,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,24246,6601],{"class":1107},[47,24248,6604],{"class":53},[47,24250,1114],{"class":1107},[47,24252,15181],{"class":53},[47,24254,110],{"class":61},[47,24256,8456],{"class":113},[47,24258,21997],{"class":61},[47,24260,24261,24263,24265,24267],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,24262,8715],{"class":138},[47,24264,117],{"class":61},[47,24266,23713],{"class":113},[47,24268,132],{"class":61},[20,24270,24271],{},[278,24272,372],{},[38,24274,24276],{"className":40,"code":24275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24277,24278,24294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24279,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24281,117],{"class":61},[47,24283,385],{"class":65},[47,24285,1995],{"class":69},[47,24287,385],{"class":65},[47,24289,75],{"class":61},[47,24291,6648],{"class":349},[47,24293,132],{"class":61},[47,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24297,117],{"class":61},[47,24299,385],{"class":65},[47,24301,2161],{"class":69},[47,24303,385],{"class":65},[47,24305,75],{"class":61},[47,24307,8436],{"class":349},[47,24309,132],{"class":61},[20,24311,24312,24313,24315],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24314,22057],{}," pair.",[33,24317,2429],{"id":2428},[244,24319,24321,24322,5788],{"id":24320},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24323,17687],{},[20,24325,276,24326,24328],{},[15,24327,22310],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[244,24330,2433,24332,24334],{"id":24331},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24333,17687],{}," return a list?",[20,24336,24337,24338,24341],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24339,24340],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[244,24343,24345,24346,3143],{"id":24344},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24347,17687],{},[20,24349,24350],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[38,24352,24354],{"className":40,"code":24353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24355,24356,24376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24357,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24359,6601],{"class":1107},[47,24361,21981],{"class":53},[47,24363,75],{"class":61},[47,24365,21986],{"class":53},[47,24367,1114],{"class":1107},[47,24369,12396],{"class":53},[47,24371,110],{"class":61},[47,24373,8456],{"class":113},[47,24375,21997],{"class":61},[47,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24379,8715],{"class":138},[47,24381,117],{"class":61},[47,24383,1099],{"class":113},[47,24385,75],{"class":61},[47,24387,240],{"class":113},[47,24389,132],{"class":61},[244,24391,2433,24393,24395],{"id":24392},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24394,17687],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24397,24398],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[33,24400,2526],{"id":2525},[174,24402,24403,24409,24415,24420,24424],{},[177,24404,24405],{},[210,24406,1633,24407,1637],{"href":23289},[15,24408,17674],{},[177,24410,24411],{},[210,24412,1633,24413,1637],{"href":23297},[15,24414,17680],{},[177,24416,24417],{},[210,24418,24419],{"href":22876},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[177,24421,24422],{},[210,24423,213],{"href":212},[177,24425,24426],{},[210,24427,24428],{"href":22180},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2563,24430,24431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":24433},[24434,24435,24437,24438,24439,24441,24442,24444,24446,24455,24465],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":22040,"depth":98,"text":24436},"What items() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":22371,"depth":98,"text":22372},{"id":22597,"depth":98,"text":24440},"Looping with items()",{"id":22880,"depth":98,"text":22881},{"id":23072,"depth":98,"text":24443},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23307,"depth":98,"text":24445},"When to use items()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":24447},[24448,24450,24452,24454],{"id":23502,"depth":135,"text":24449},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23760,"depth":135,"text":24451},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23952,"depth":135,"text":24453},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24197,"depth":135,"text":24198},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":24456},[24457,24459,24461,24463],{"id":24320,"depth":135,"text":24458},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24331,"depth":135,"text":24460},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24344,"depth":135,"text":24462},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24392,"depth":135,"text":24464},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21908,"description":24466},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24473,"title":24474,"body":24475,"description":26566,"extension":2611,"meta":26567,"navigation":357,"path":23289,"seo":26568,"stem":26569,"__hash__":26570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24476,"toc":26532},[24477,24482,24488,24491,24502,24509,24511,24594,24598,24645,24650,24655,24660,24662,24678,24680,24779,24783,24840,24843,24845,24848,24941,24945,25008,25011,25027,25032,25034,25036,25051,25053,25064,25066,25109,25112,25156,25159,25161,25168,25171,25188,25190,25283,25287,25328,25340,25344,25347,25435,25439,25459,25462,25489,25496,25501,25505,25516,25518,25622,25626,25652,25655,25722,25727,25730,25753,25758,25762,25767,25773,25778,25780,25835,25839,25866,25873,25879,25882,25907,25913,25939,25942,26017,26024,26029,26031,26070,26088,26092,26095,26138,26141,26143,26162,26164,26169,26194,26197,26267,26270,26343,26347,26349,26410,26413,26429,26431,26436,26441,26448,26457,26463,26469,26476,26482,26486,26491,26493,26529],[10,24478,13,24480,18],{"id":24479},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24481,17674],{},[20,24483,24484,24485,24487],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24486,17674],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24489,24490],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[174,24492,24493,24496,24499],{},[177,24494,24495],{},"view the available keys",[177,24497,24498],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[177,24500,24501],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24503,24504,24506,24507,110],{},[15,24505,17674],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24508,17623],{},[33,24510,36],{"id":35},[38,24512,24514],{"className":40,"code":24513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24515,24516,24552,24566,24570,24580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24517,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24519,13491],{"class":53},[47,24521,58],{"class":57},[47,24523,1096],{"class":61},[47,24525,66],{"class":65},[47,24527,70],{"class":69},[47,24529,66],{"class":65},[47,24531,172],{"class":61},[47,24533,78],{"class":65},[47,24535,13508],{"class":69},[47,24537,66],{"class":65},[47,24539,75],{"class":61},[47,24541,78],{"class":65},[47,24543,81],{"class":69},[47,24545,66],{"class":65},[47,24547,172],{"class":61},[47,24549,8436],{"class":349},[47,24551,421],{"class":61},[47,24553,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24555,54],{"class":53},[47,24557,58],{"class":57},[47,24559,13534],{"class":53},[47,24561,110],{"class":61},[47,24563,120],{"class":113},[47,24565,9288],{"class":61},[47,24567,24568],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,24569,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24571,24572,24574,24576,24578],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,24573,139],{"class":138},[47,24575,117],{"class":61},[47,24577,120],{"class":113},[47,24579,132],{"class":61},[47,24581,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,24583,139],{"class":138},[47,24585,117],{"class":61},[47,24587,1892],{"class":106},[47,24589,117],{"class":61},[47,24591,120],{"class":113},[47,24593,2266],{"class":61},[20,24595,24596],{},[278,24597,372],{},[38,24599,24601],{"className":40,"code":24600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24602,24603,24625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24604,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24606,17623],{"class":113},[47,24608,1258],{"class":61},[47,24610,385],{"class":65},[47,24612,70],{"class":69},[47,24614,385],{"class":65},[47,24616,75],{"class":61},[47,24618,398],{"class":65},[47,24620,81],{"class":69},[47,24622,385],{"class":65},[47,24624,2166],{"class":61},[47,24626,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24628,669],{"class":61},[47,24630,385],{"class":65},[47,24632,70],{"class":69},[47,24634,385],{"class":65},[47,24636,75],{"class":61},[47,24638,398],{"class":65},[47,24640,81],{"class":69},[47,24642,385],{"class":65},[47,24644,95],{"class":61},[20,24646,156,24647,24649],{},[15,24648,17674],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[33,24651,164,24653,167],{"id":24652},"what-keys-does",[15,24654,17674],{},[20,24656,24657,24659],{},[15,24658,17674],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24661,12092],{},[174,24663,24664,24667,24670,24675],{},[177,24665,24666],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[177,24668,24669],{},"It does not need any arguments",[177,24671,276,24672,24674],{},[15,24673,17623],{}," view object, not a list",[177,24676,24677],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24679,603],{},[38,24681,24683],{"className":40,"code":24682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24684,24685,24721,24725,24739,24743,24765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24686,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24688,101],{"class":53},[47,24690,58],{"class":57},[47,24692,1096],{"class":61},[47,24694,66],{"class":65},[47,24696,70],{"class":69},[47,24698,66],{"class":65},[47,24700,172],{"class":61},[47,24702,78],{"class":65},[47,24704,13843],{"class":69},[47,24706,66],{"class":65},[47,24708,75],{"class":61},[47,24710,78],{"class":65},[47,24712,81],{"class":69},[47,24714,66],{"class":65},[47,24716,172],{"class":61},[47,24718,9946],{"class":349},[47,24720,421],{"class":61},[47,24722,24723],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24724,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24726,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,24728,139],{"class":138},[47,24730,117],{"class":61},[47,24732,144],{"class":113},[47,24734,110],{"class":61},[47,24736,120],{"class":113},[47,24738,7839],{"class":61},[47,24740,24741],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,24742,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24744,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,24746,144],{"class":53},[47,24748,669],{"class":61},[47,24750,66],{"class":65},[47,24752,90],{"class":69},[47,24754,66],{"class":65},[47,24756,678],{"class":61},[47,24758,681],{"class":57},[47,24760,78],{"class":65},[47,24762,11053],{"class":69},[47,24764,689],{"class":65},[47,24766,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,24768,139],{"class":138},[47,24770,117],{"class":61},[47,24772,144],{"class":113},[47,24774,110],{"class":61},[47,24776,120],{"class":113},[47,24778,7839],{"class":61},[20,24780,24781],{},[278,24782,372],{},[38,24784,24786],{"className":40,"code":24785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24787,24788,24810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24789,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24791,17623],{"class":113},[47,24793,1258],{"class":61},[47,24795,385],{"class":65},[47,24797,70],{"class":69},[47,24799,385],{"class":65},[47,24801,75],{"class":61},[47,24803,398],{"class":65},[47,24805,81],{"class":69},[47,24807,385],{"class":65},[47,24809,2166],{"class":61},[47,24811,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24813,17623],{"class":113},[47,24815,1258],{"class":61},[47,24817,385],{"class":65},[47,24819,70],{"class":69},[47,24821,385],{"class":65},[47,24823,75],{"class":61},[47,24825,398],{"class":65},[47,24827,81],{"class":69},[47,24829,385],{"class":65},[47,24831,75],{"class":61},[47,24833,398],{"class":65},[47,24835,90],{"class":69},[47,24837,385],{"class":65},[47,24839,2166],{"class":61},[20,24841,24842],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[33,24844,284],{"id":283},[20,24846,24847],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[38,24849,24851],{"className":40,"code":24850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24852,24853,24905,24909,24923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24854,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24856,872],{"class":53},[47,24858,58],{"class":57},[47,24860,1096],{"class":61},[47,24862,66],{"class":65},[47,24864,70],{"class":69},[47,24866,66],{"class":65},[47,24868,172],{"class":61},[47,24870,78],{"class":65},[47,24872,13508],{"class":69},[47,24874,66],{"class":65},[47,24876,75],{"class":61},[47,24878,78],{"class":65},[47,24880,81],{"class":69},[47,24882,66],{"class":65},[47,24884,172],{"class":61},[47,24886,8436],{"class":349},[47,24888,75],{"class":61},[47,24890,78],{"class":65},[47,24892,20292],{"class":69},[47,24894,66],{"class":65},[47,24896,172],{"class":61},[47,24898,78],{"class":65},[47,24900,22647],{"class":69},[47,24902,66],{"class":65},[47,24904,421],{"class":61},[47,24906,24907],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24908,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,24910,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,24912,139],{"class":138},[47,24914,117],{"class":61},[47,24916,898],{"class":113},[47,24918,110],{"class":61},[47,24920,120],{"class":113},[47,24922,7839],{"class":61},[47,24924,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,24926,139],{"class":138},[47,24928,117],{"class":61},[47,24930,1892],{"class":106},[47,24932,117],{"class":61},[47,24934,898],{"class":113},[47,24936,110],{"class":61},[47,24938,120],{"class":113},[47,24940,6934],{"class":61},[20,24942,24943],{},[278,24944,372],{},[38,24946,24948],{"className":40,"code":24947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24949,24950,24980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24951,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24953,17623],{"class":113},[47,24955,1258],{"class":61},[47,24957,385],{"class":65},[47,24959,70],{"class":69},[47,24961,385],{"class":65},[47,24963,75],{"class":61},[47,24965,398],{"class":65},[47,24967,81],{"class":69},[47,24969,385],{"class":65},[47,24971,75],{"class":61},[47,24973,398],{"class":65},[47,24975,20292],{"class":69},[47,24977,385],{"class":65},[47,24979,2166],{"class":61},[47,24981,24982,24984,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,24983,669],{"class":61},[47,24985,385],{"class":65},[47,24987,70],{"class":69},[47,24989,385],{"class":65},[47,24991,75],{"class":61},[47,24993,398],{"class":65},[47,24995,81],{"class":69},[47,24997,385],{"class":65},[47,24999,75],{"class":61},[47,25001,398],{"class":65},[47,25003,20292],{"class":69},[47,25005,385],{"class":65},[47,25007,95],{"class":61},[20,25009,25010],{},"This shows two things:",[174,25012,25013,25021],{},[177,25014,25015,22377,25018,25020],{},[15,25016,25017],{},"data.keys()",[15,25019,17623],{}," object",[177,25022,25023,25026],{},[15,25024,25025],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25028,9797,25029,110],{},[210,25030,25031],{"href":10030},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[33,25033,6076],{"id":6075},[20,25035,2809],{},[38,25037,25039],{"className":40,"code":25038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25040,25041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25042,25043,25045,25047,25049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25044,12083],{"class":53},[47,25046,110],{"class":61},[47,25048,120],{"class":113},[47,25050,9288],{"class":61},[20,25052,22202],{},[174,25054,25055,25058,25061],{},[177,25056,25057],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[177,25059,25060],{},"It takes no parameters",[177,25062,25063],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25065,17265],{},[38,25067,25069],{"className":40,"code":25068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25070,25071,25095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25072,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25074,13491],{"class":53},[47,25076,58],{"class":57},[47,25078,1096],{"class":61},[47,25080,66],{"class":65},[47,25082,70],{"class":69},[47,25084,66],{"class":65},[47,25086,172],{"class":61},[47,25088,78],{"class":65},[47,25090,13508],{"class":69},[47,25092,66],{"class":65},[47,25094,421],{"class":61},[47,25096,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25098,139],{"class":138},[47,25100,117],{"class":61},[47,25102,14244],{"class":113},[47,25104,110],{"class":61},[47,25106,120],{"class":113},[47,25108,7839],{"class":61},[20,25110,25111],{},"Incorrect:",[38,25113,25115],{"className":40,"code":25114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25116,25117,25141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25118,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25120,13491],{"class":53},[47,25122,58],{"class":57},[47,25124,1096],{"class":61},[47,25126,66],{"class":65},[47,25128,70],{"class":69},[47,25130,66],{"class":65},[47,25132,172],{"class":61},[47,25134,78],{"class":65},[47,25136,13508],{"class":69},[47,25138,66],{"class":65},[47,25140,421],{"class":61},[47,25142,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25154],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25144,139],{"class":138},[47,25146,117],{"class":61},[47,25148,14244],{"class":113},[47,25150,110],{"class":61},[47,25152,120],{"class":25153},"skxfh",[47,25155,132],{"class":61},[20,25157,25158],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[33,25160,273],{"id":272},[20,25162,25163,22377,25165,25167],{},[15,25164,17674],{},[15,25166,17623],{}," object.",[20,25169,25170],{},"This object:",[174,25172,25173,25176,25179,25185],{},[177,25174,25175],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[177,25177,25178],{},"can be used in a loop",[177,25180,25181,25182],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25183,25184],{},"list()",[177,25186,25187],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25189,603],{},[38,25191,25193],{"className":40,"code":25192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25194,25195,25236,25240,25255,25259,25269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25196,25197,25200,25202,25204,25206,25209,25211,25213,25215,25218,25220,25222,25224,25227,25229,25231,25234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25198,25199],{"class":53},"car ",[47,25201,58],{"class":57},[47,25203,1096],{"class":61},[47,25205,66],{"class":65},[47,25207,25208],{"class":69},"brand",[47,25210,66],{"class":65},[47,25212,172],{"class":61},[47,25214,78],{"class":65},[47,25216,25217],{"class":69},"Toyota",[47,25219,66],{"class":65},[47,25221,75],{"class":61},[47,25223,78],{"class":65},[47,25225,25226],{"class":69},"year",[47,25228,66],{"class":65},[47,25230,172],{"class":61},[47,25232,25233],{"class":349}," 2020",[47,25235,421],{"class":61},[47,25237,25238],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25239,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,25241,25242,25244,25246,25249,25251,25253],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,25243,2879],{"class":53},[47,25245,58],{"class":57},[47,25247,25248],{"class":53}," car",[47,25250,110],{"class":61},[47,25252,120],{"class":113},[47,25254,9288],{"class":61},[47,25256,25257],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,25258,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,25260,25261,25263,25265,25267],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,25262,139],{"class":138},[47,25264,117],{"class":61},[47,25266,2914],{"class":113},[47,25268,132],{"class":61},[47,25270,25271,25273,25275,25277,25279,25281],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,25272,139],{"class":138},[47,25274,117],{"class":61},[47,25276,2392],{"class":106},[47,25278,117],{"class":61},[47,25280,2914],{"class":113},[47,25282,2266],{"class":61},[20,25284,25285],{},[278,25286,372],{},[38,25288,25290],{"className":40,"code":25289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25291,25292,25314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25293,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25295,17623],{"class":113},[47,25297,1258],{"class":61},[47,25299,385],{"class":65},[47,25301,25208],{"class":69},[47,25303,385],{"class":65},[47,25305,75],{"class":61},[47,25307,398],{"class":65},[47,25309,25226],{"class":69},[47,25311,385],{"class":65},[47,25313,2166],{"class":61},[47,25315,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25317,3941],{"class":57},[47,25319,3944],{"class":2714},[47,25321,398],{"class":65},[47,25323,17623],{"class":69},[47,25325,385],{"class":65},[47,25327,3953],{"class":57},[20,25329,25330,25331,25335,25336,110],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[210,25332,1633,25333,1637],{"href":17677},[15,25334,17680],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[210,25337,1633,25338,1637],{"href":17684},[15,25339,17687],{},[33,25341,25343],{"id":25342},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25345,25346],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[38,25348,25350],{"className":40,"code":25349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25351,25352,25405,25409,25425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25353,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25401,25403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25355,13491],{"class":53},[47,25357,58],{"class":57},[47,25359,1096],{"class":61},[47,25361,66],{"class":65},[47,25363,70],{"class":69},[47,25365,66],{"class":65},[47,25367,172],{"class":61},[47,25369,78],{"class":65},[47,25371,13508],{"class":69},[47,25373,66],{"class":65},[47,25375,75],{"class":61},[47,25377,78],{"class":65},[47,25379,81],{"class":69},[47,25381,66],{"class":65},[47,25383,172],{"class":61},[47,25385,8436],{"class":349},[47,25387,75],{"class":61},[47,25389,78],{"class":65},[47,25391,15938],{"class":69},[47,25393,66],{"class":65},[47,25395,172],{"class":61},[47,25397,78],{"class":65},[47,25399,25400],{"class":69},"Math",[47,25402,66],{"class":65},[47,25404,421],{"class":61},[47,25406,25407],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25408,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,25410,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,25412,6601],{"class":1107},[47,25414,1111],{"class":53},[47,25416,1114],{"class":1107},[47,25418,13534],{"class":53},[47,25420,110],{"class":61},[47,25422,120],{"class":113},[47,25424,21997],{"class":61},[47,25426,25427,25429,25431,25433],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,25428,8715],{"class":138},[47,25430,117],{"class":61},[47,25432,1099],{"class":113},[47,25434,132],{"class":61},[20,25436,25437],{},[278,25438,372],{},[38,25440,25442],{"className":40,"code":25441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25443,25444,25449,25454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25445,25446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25447,25448],{"class":53},"name\n",[47,25450,25451],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25452,25453],{"class":53},"age\n",[47,25455,25456],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,25457,25458],{"class":53},"course\n",[20,25460,25461],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[38,25463,25465],{"className":40,"code":25464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25466,25467,25479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25468,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25470,6601],{"class":1107},[47,25472,1111],{"class":53},[47,25474,1114],{"class":1107},[47,25476,13534],{"class":53},[47,25478,7038],{"class":61},[47,25480,25481,25483,25485,25487],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25482,8715],{"class":138},[47,25484,117],{"class":61},[47,25486,1099],{"class":113},[47,25488,132],{"class":61},[20,25490,25491,25492,25495],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25493,25494],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[33,25497,1216,25499],{"id":25498},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25500,17674],{},[20,25502,156,25503,11238],{},[15,25504,17674],{},[174,25506,25507,25510,25513],{},[177,25508,25509],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[177,25511,25512],{},"you want to display available fields",[177,25514,25515],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25517,603],{},[38,25519,25521],{"className":40,"code":25520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25522,25523,25576,25580,25595,25612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25524,25525,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25545,25547,25549,25551,25554,25556,25558,25561,25563,25565,25568,25570,25572,25574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25526,25527],{"class":53},"product ",[47,25529,58],{"class":57},[47,25531,1096],{"class":61},[47,25533,66],{"class":65},[47,25535,70],{"class":69},[47,25537,66],{"class":65},[47,25539,172],{"class":61},[47,25541,78],{"class":65},[47,25543,25544],{"class":69},"Book",[47,25546,66],{"class":65},[47,25548,75],{"class":61},[47,25550,78],{"class":65},[47,25552,25553],{"class":69},"price",[47,25555,66],{"class":65},[47,25557,172],{"class":61},[47,25559,25560],{"class":349}," 12.99",[47,25562,75],{"class":61},[47,25564,78],{"class":65},[47,25566,25567],{"class":69},"stock",[47,25569,66],{"class":65},[47,25571,172],{"class":61},[47,25573,5249],{"class":349},[47,25575,421],{"class":61},[47,25577,25578],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25579,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,25581,25582,25584,25586,25588,25591,25593],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,25583,139],{"class":138},[47,25585,117],{"class":61},[47,25587,66],{"class":65},[47,25589,25590],{"class":69},"Available fields:",[47,25592,66],{"class":65},[47,25594,132],{"class":61},[47,25596,25597,25599,25601,25603,25606,25608,25610],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,25598,6601],{"class":1107},[47,25600,1111],{"class":53},[47,25602,1114],{"class":1107},[47,25604,25605],{"class":53}," product",[47,25607,110],{"class":61},[47,25609,120],{"class":113},[47,25611,21997],{"class":61},[47,25613,25614,25616,25618,25620],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,25615,8715],{"class":138},[47,25617,117],{"class":61},[47,25619,1099],{"class":113},[47,25621,132],{"class":61},[20,25623,25624],{},[278,25625,372],{},[38,25627,25629],{"className":40,"code":25628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25630,25631,25638,25642,25647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25632,25633,25636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25634,25635],{"class":53},"Available fields",[47,25637,7038],{"class":61},[47,25639,25640],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25641,25448],{"class":53},[47,25643,25644],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,25645,25646],{"class":53},"price\n",[47,25648,25649],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,25650,25651],{"class":53},"stock\n",[20,25653,25654],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[38,25656,25658],{"className":40,"code":25657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25659,25660,25696,25700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25661,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25663,25527],{"class":53},[47,25665,58],{"class":57},[47,25667,1096],{"class":61},[47,25669,66],{"class":65},[47,25671,70],{"class":69},[47,25673,66],{"class":65},[47,25675,172],{"class":61},[47,25677,78],{"class":65},[47,25679,25544],{"class":69},[47,25681,66],{"class":65},[47,25683,75],{"class":61},[47,25685,78],{"class":65},[47,25687,25553],{"class":69},[47,25689,66],{"class":65},[47,25691,172],{"class":61},[47,25693,25560],{"class":349},[47,25695,421],{"class":61},[47,25697,25698],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25699,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,25701,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,25703,139],{"class":138},[47,25705,117],{"class":61},[47,25707,66],{"class":65},[47,25709,70],{"class":69},[47,25711,66],{"class":65},[47,25713,21575],{"class":1107},[47,25715,25605],{"class":113},[47,25717,110],{"class":61},[47,25719,120],{"class":113},[47,25721,7839],{"class":61},[20,25723,25724,25725,110],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25726,4255],{},[20,25728,25729],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[38,25731,25733],{"className":40,"code":25732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25734,25735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25736,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25738,139],{"class":138},[47,25740,117],{"class":61},[47,25742,66],{"class":65},[47,25744,70],{"class":69},[47,25746,66],{"class":65},[47,25748,21575],{"class":1107},[47,25750,25605],{"class":113},[47,25752,132],{"class":61},[20,25754,25755,25756,110],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[210,25757,21608],{"href":17762},[33,25759,25761],{"id":25760},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25763,25764,25765,110],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25766,17674],{},[244,25768,1968,25770,25772],{"id":25769},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25771,17674],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25774,25775,25777],{},[15,25776,17674],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25779,603],{},[38,25781,25783],{"className":40,"code":25782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25784,25785,25821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25786,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25788,872],{"class":53},[47,25790,58],{"class":57},[47,25792,1096],{"class":61},[47,25794,66],{"class":65},[47,25796,70],{"class":69},[47,25798,66],{"class":65},[47,25800,172],{"class":61},[47,25802,78],{"class":65},[47,25804,13508],{"class":69},[47,25806,66],{"class":65},[47,25808,75],{"class":61},[47,25810,78],{"class":65},[47,25812,81],{"class":69},[47,25814,66],{"class":65},[47,25816,172],{"class":61},[47,25818,8436],{"class":349},[47,25820,421],{"class":61},[47,25822,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25824,139],{"class":138},[47,25826,117],{"class":61},[47,25828,898],{"class":113},[47,25830,110],{"class":61},[47,25832,120],{"class":113},[47,25834,7839],{"class":61},[20,25836,25837],{},[278,25838,372],{},[38,25840,25842],{"className":40,"code":25841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25843,25844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25845,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25847,17623],{"class":113},[47,25849,1258],{"class":61},[47,25851,385],{"class":65},[47,25853,70],{"class":69},[47,25855,385],{"class":65},[47,25857,75],{"class":61},[47,25859,398],{"class":65},[47,25861,81],{"class":69},[47,25863,385],{"class":65},[47,25865,2166],{"class":61},[20,25867,25868,25869,110],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[210,25870,25871],{"href":17684},[15,25872,17687],{},[244,25874,25876,25877],{"id":25875},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25878,17623],{},[20,25880,25881],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[38,25883,25885],{"className":40,"code":25884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25886,25887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25888,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25890,669],{"class":61},[47,25892,385],{"class":65},[47,25894,70],{"class":69},[47,25896,385],{"class":65},[47,25898,75],{"class":61},[47,25900,398],{"class":65},[47,25902,81],{"class":69},[47,25904,385],{"class":65},[47,25906,95],{"class":61},[20,25908,25909,25910,25912],{},"But ",[15,25911,17674],{}," returns:",[38,25914,25915],{"className":40,"code":25841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,25916,25917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25918,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25920,17623],{"class":113},[47,25922,1258],{"class":61},[47,25924,385],{"class":65},[47,25926,70],{"class":69},[47,25928,385],{"class":65},[47,25930,75],{"class":61},[47,25932,398],{"class":65},[47,25934,81],{"class":69},[47,25936,385],{"class":65},[47,25938,2166],{"class":61},[20,25940,25941],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[38,25943,25945],{"className":40,"code":25944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25946,25947,25983,26002,26006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25948,25949,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25950,872],{"class":53},[47,25952,58],{"class":57},[47,25954,1096],{"class":61},[47,25956,66],{"class":65},[47,25958,70],{"class":69},[47,25960,66],{"class":65},[47,25962,172],{"class":61},[47,25964,78],{"class":65},[47,25966,13508],{"class":69},[47,25968,66],{"class":65},[47,25970,75],{"class":61},[47,25972,78],{"class":65},[47,25974,81],{"class":69},[47,25976,66],{"class":65},[47,25978,172],{"class":61},[47,25980,8436],{"class":349},[47,25982,421],{"class":61},[47,25984,25985,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,25986,25987],{"class":53},"key_list ",[47,25989,58],{"class":57},[47,25991,22962],{"class":106},[47,25993,117],{"class":61},[47,25995,898],{"class":113},[47,25997,110],{"class":61},[47,25999,120],{"class":113},[47,26001,7839],{"class":61},[47,26003,26004],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,26005,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,26007,26008,26010,26012,26015],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,26009,139],{"class":138},[47,26011,117],{"class":61},[47,26013,26014],{"class":113},"key_list",[47,26016,132],{"class":61},[244,26018,26020,26021,26023],{"id":26019},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26022,17674],{}," on a list or string",[20,26025,26026,26028],{},[15,26027,17674],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26030,3488],{},[38,26032,26034],{"className":40,"code":26033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26035,26036,26056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26037,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26039,4270],{"class":53},[47,26041,58],{"class":57},[47,26043,62],{"class":61},[47,26045,917],{"class":349},[47,26047,75],{"class":61},[47,26049,2409],{"class":349},[47,26051,75],{"class":61},[47,26053,2414],{"class":349},[47,26055,95],{"class":61},[47,26057,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26059,139],{"class":138},[47,26061,117],{"class":61},[47,26063,4300],{"class":113},[47,26065,110],{"class":61},[47,26067,120],{"class":113},[47,26069,7839],{"class":61},[20,26071,26072,26073,26076,26077,26079,26080,110],{},"You may get an ",[15,26074,26075],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26078,17674],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[210,26081,26083,26084,26087],{"href":26082},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26085,26086],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[244,26089,26091],{"id":26090},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26093,26094],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[38,26096,26098],{"className":40,"code":26097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26099,26100,26124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26101,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26103,872],{"class":53},[47,26105,58],{"class":57},[47,26107,1096],{"class":61},[47,26109,66],{"class":65},[47,26111,70],{"class":69},[47,26113,66],{"class":65},[47,26115,172],{"class":61},[47,26117,78],{"class":65},[47,26119,13508],{"class":69},[47,26121,66],{"class":65},[47,26123,421],{"class":61},[47,26125,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26127,139],{"class":138},[47,26129,117],{"class":61},[47,26131,898],{"class":113},[47,26133,110],{"class":61},[47,26135,120],{"class":25153},[47,26137,132],{"class":61},[20,26139,26140],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26142,1613],{},[38,26144,26146],{"className":40,"code":26145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26147,26148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26149,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158,26160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26151,139],{"class":138},[47,26153,117],{"class":61},[47,26155,898],{"class":113},[47,26157,110],{"class":61},[47,26159,120],{"class":113},[47,26161,7839],{"class":61},[33,26163,1641],{"id":1640},[20,26165,26166,26167,172],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26168,17674],{},[174,26170,26171,26176,26182,26188],{},[177,26172,453,26173,26175],{},[15,26174,17674],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[177,26177,26178,26179,26181],{},"Thinking ",[15,26180,17674],{}," returns values too",[177,26183,26184,26185,26187],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26186,17623],{}," like a normal list",[177,26189,26190,26191,26193],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26192,17623],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26195,26196],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[38,26198,26200],{"className":40,"code":26199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26201,26202,26234,26248,26252,26262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26203,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26205,872],{"class":53},[47,26207,58],{"class":57},[47,26209,1096],{"class":61},[47,26211,66],{"class":65},[47,26213,210],{"class":69},[47,26215,66],{"class":65},[47,26217,172],{"class":61},[47,26219,2002],{"class":349},[47,26221,75],{"class":61},[47,26223,78],{"class":65},[47,26225,854],{"class":69},[47,26227,66],{"class":65},[47,26229,172],{"class":61},[47,26231,2409],{"class":349},[47,26233,421],{"class":61},[47,26235,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26237,54],{"class":53},[47,26239,58],{"class":57},[47,26241,15181],{"class":53},[47,26243,110],{"class":61},[47,26245,120],{"class":113},[47,26247,9288],{"class":61},[47,26249,26250],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,26251,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,26253,26254,26256,26258,26260],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,26255,139],{"class":138},[47,26257,117],{"class":61},[47,26259,120],{"class":113},[47,26261,132],{"class":61},[47,26263,26264],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,26265,26266],{"class":152},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26268,26269],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[38,26271,26273],{"className":40,"code":26272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26274,26275,26307,26325,26329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26276,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303,26305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26278,872],{"class":53},[47,26280,58],{"class":57},[47,26282,1096],{"class":61},[47,26284,66],{"class":65},[47,26286,210],{"class":69},[47,26288,66],{"class":65},[47,26290,172],{"class":61},[47,26292,2002],{"class":349},[47,26294,75],{"class":61},[47,26296,78],{"class":65},[47,26298,854],{"class":69},[47,26300,66],{"class":65},[47,26302,172],{"class":61},[47,26304,2409],{"class":349},[47,26306,421],{"class":61},[47,26308,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26310,54],{"class":53},[47,26312,58],{"class":57},[47,26314,22962],{"class":106},[47,26316,117],{"class":61},[47,26318,898],{"class":113},[47,26320,110],{"class":61},[47,26322,120],{"class":113},[47,26324,7839],{"class":61},[47,26326,26327],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,26328,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,26330,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,26332,139],{"class":138},[47,26334,117],{"class":61},[47,26336,120],{"class":113},[47,26338,669],{"class":61},[47,26340,436],{"class":349},[47,26342,2166],{"class":61},[33,26344,26346],{"id":26345},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26348,11749],{},[38,26350,26352],{"className":40,"code":26351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26353,26354,26368,26378,26392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26355,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26357,139],{"class":138},[47,26359,117],{"class":61},[47,26361,2392],{"class":106},[47,26363,117],{"class":61},[47,26365,12083],{"class":113},[47,26367,2266],{"class":61},[47,26369,26370,26372,26374,26376],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26371,139],{"class":138},[47,26373,117],{"class":61},[47,26375,12083],{"class":113},[47,26377,132],{"class":61},[47,26379,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,26381,139],{"class":138},[47,26383,117],{"class":61},[47,26385,12083],{"class":113},[47,26387,110],{"class":61},[47,26389,120],{"class":113},[47,26391,7839],{"class":61},[47,26393,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,26395,139],{"class":138},[47,26397,117],{"class":61},[47,26399,1892],{"class":106},[47,26401,117],{"class":61},[47,26403,12083],{"class":113},[47,26405,110],{"class":61},[47,26407,120],{"class":113},[47,26409,6934],{"class":61},[20,26411,26412],{},"These help you confirm:",[174,26414,26415,26418,26421,26426],{},[177,26416,26417],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[177,26419,26420],{},"what data it contains",[177,26422,26423,26424,12336],{},"what ",[15,26425,17674],{},[177,26427,26428],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[33,26430,2429],{"id":2428},[244,26432,24321,26434,5788],{"id":26433},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26435,17674],{},[20,26437,276,26438,26440],{},[15,26439,17623],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[244,26442,15516,26444,26447],{"id":26443},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26445,26446],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26449,26450,26451,26453,26454,110],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26452,17623],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26455,26456],{},"list(dict.keys())",[244,26458,26460,26461,3143],{"id":26459},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26462,26446],{},[20,26464,26465,26466,26468],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26467,6601],{}," loop.",[244,26470,26472,26473,26475],{"id":26471},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26474,17674],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26477,26478,26479,26481],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26480,17674],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[244,26483,26485],{"id":26484},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26487,156,26488,110],{},[15,26489,26490],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[33,26492,2526],{"id":2525},[174,26494,26495,26500,26506,26512,26518,26522],{},[177,26496,26497],{},[210,26498,26499],{"href":10030},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[177,26501,26502],{},[210,26503,1633,26504,1637],{"href":17677},[15,26505,17680],{},[177,26507,26508],{},[210,26509,1633,26510,1637],{"href":17684},[15,26511,17687],{},[177,26513,26514],{},[210,26515,26517],{"href":26516},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[177,26519,26520],{},[210,26521,17763],{"href":17762},[177,26523,26524],{},[210,26525,26526,26527,26087],{"href":26082},"How to fix ",[15,26528,26086],{},[2563,26530,26531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":26533},[26534,26535,26537,26538,26539,26540,26541,26543,26552,26553,26554,26565],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":24652,"depth":98,"text":26536},"What keys() does",{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":6075,"depth":98,"text":6076},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":25342,"depth":98,"text":25343},{"id":25498,"depth":98,"text":26542},"When to use keys()",{"id":25760,"depth":98,"text":25761,"children":26544},[26545,26547,26549,26551],{"id":25769,"depth":135,"text":26546},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25875,"depth":135,"text":26548},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26019,"depth":135,"text":26550},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26090,"depth":135,"text":26091},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":26345,"depth":98,"text":26346},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":26555},[26556,26558,26560,26562,26564],{"id":26433,"depth":135,"text":26557},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26443,"depth":135,"text":26559},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26459,"depth":135,"text":26561},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26471,"depth":135,"text":26563},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26484,"depth":135,"text":26485},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24474,"description":26566},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26572,"title":26573,"body":26574,"description":28847,"extension":2611,"meta":28848,"navigation":357,"path":28849,"seo":28850,"stem":28851,"__hash__":28852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26575,"toc":28800},[26576,26581,26586,26589,26591,26737,26750,26755,26759,26773,26775,26878,26887,26889,26892,26930,26955,26957,27064,27066,27073,27076,27084,27086,27227,27235,27240,27244,27255,27257,27419,27422,27430,27437,27443,27540,27546,27623,27626,27638,27643,27649,27652,27656,27745,27748,27752,27856,27863,27950,27959,27961,27966,27972,27975,28021,28024,28090,28099,28105,28198,28204,28210,28253,28256,28321,28327,28419,28422,28426,28432,28457,28460,28556,28563,28565,28570,28661,28663,28691,28696,28698,28705,28708,28712,28722,28727,28730,28737,28747,28754,28762,28764,28797],[10,26577,13,26579,18],{"id":26578},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26580,13391],{},[20,26582,26583,26585],{},[15,26584,13198],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26587,26588],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[33,26590,4260],{"id":4259},[38,26592,26594],{"className":40,"code":26593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26595,26596,26632,26656,26670,26683,26687,26692,26724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26597,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26599,101],{"class":53},[47,26601,58],{"class":57},[47,26603,1096],{"class":61},[47,26605,66],{"class":65},[47,26607,70],{"class":69},[47,26609,66],{"class":65},[47,26611,172],{"class":61},[47,26613,78],{"class":65},[47,26615,13508],{"class":69},[47,26617,66],{"class":65},[47,26619,75],{"class":61},[47,26621,78],{"class":65},[47,26623,81],{"class":69},[47,26625,66],{"class":65},[47,26627,172],{"class":61},[47,26629,9946],{"class":349},[47,26631,421],{"class":61},[47,26633,26634,26637,26639,26641,26643,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26635,26636],{"class":53},"removed_age ",[47,26638,58],{"class":57},[47,26640,13869],{"class":53},[47,26642,110],{"class":61},[47,26644,26645],{"class":113},"pop",[47,26647,117],{"class":61},[47,26649,66],{"class":65},[47,26651,81],{"class":69},[47,26653,66],{"class":65},[47,26655,132],{"class":61},[47,26657,26658,26660,26662,26665,26667],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,26659,139],{"class":138},[47,26661,117],{"class":61},[47,26663,26664],{"class":113},"removed_age",[47,26666,4313],{"class":61},[47,26668,26669],{"class":152},"   # 25\n",[47,26671,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,26673,139],{"class":138},[47,26675,117],{"class":61},[47,26677,144],{"class":113},[47,26679,4313],{"class":61},[47,26681,26682],{"class":152},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[47,26684,26685],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,26686,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,26688,26689],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,26690,26691],{"class":152},"# Safe version with default value\n",[47,26693,26694,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26720,26722],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,26695,26696],{"class":53},"country ",[47,26698,58],{"class":57},[47,26700,13869],{"class":53},[47,26702,110],{"class":61},[47,26704,26645],{"class":113},[47,26706,117],{"class":61},[47,26708,66],{"class":65},[47,26710,15871],{"class":69},[47,26712,66],{"class":65},[47,26714,75],{"class":61},[47,26716,78],{"class":65},[47,26718,26719],{"class":69},"Not found",[47,26721,66],{"class":65},[47,26723,132],{"class":61},[47,26725,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,26727,139],{"class":138},[47,26729,117],{"class":61},[47,26731,15871],{"class":113},[47,26733,4313],{"class":61},[47,26735,26736],{"class":152},"       # Not found\n",[20,26738,156,26739,26742,26743,26746,26747,26749],{},[15,26740,26741],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26744,26745],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26748,20088],{}," when the key might not exist.",[33,26751,164,26753,167],{"id":26752},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26754,13198],{},[20,26756,26757,172],{},[15,26758,13198],{},[174,26760,26761,26764,26767,26770],{},[177,26762,26763],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[177,26765,26766],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[177,26768,26769],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[177,26771,26772],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26774,603],{},[38,26776,26778],{"className":40,"code":26777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26779,26780,26820,26824,26847,26851,26865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26781,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26783,12122],{"class":53},[47,26785,58],{"class":57},[47,26787,1096],{"class":61},[47,26789,66],{"class":65},[47,26791,70],{"class":69},[47,26793,66],{"class":65},[47,26795,172],{"class":61},[47,26797,78],{"class":65},[47,26799,13843],{"class":69},[47,26801,66],{"class":65},[47,26803,75],{"class":61},[47,26805,78],{"class":65},[47,26807,90],{"class":69},[47,26809,66],{"class":65},[47,26811,172],{"class":61},[47,26813,78],{"class":65},[47,26815,11053],{"class":69},[47,26817,66],{"class":65},[47,26819,421],{"class":61},[47,26821,26822],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26823,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,26825,26826,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,26827,26828],{"class":53},"removed_city ",[47,26830,58],{"class":57},[47,26832,12202],{"class":53},[47,26834,110],{"class":61},[47,26836,26645],{"class":113},[47,26838,117],{"class":61},[47,26840,66],{"class":65},[47,26842,90],{"class":69},[47,26844,66],{"class":65},[47,26846,132],{"class":61},[47,26848,26849],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,26850,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,26852,26853,26855,26857,26860,26862],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,26854,139],{"class":138},[47,26856,117],{"class":61},[47,26858,26859],{"class":113},"removed_city",[47,26861,4313],{"class":61},[47,26863,26864],{"class":152},"  # Paris\n",[47,26866,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,26868,139],{"class":138},[47,26870,117],{"class":61},[47,26872,12213],{"class":113},[47,26874,4313],{"class":61},[47,26876,26877],{"class":152},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26879,21172,26880,26883,26884,110],{},[15,26881,26882],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26885,26886],{},"\"Paris\"",[33,26888,2806],{"id":2805},[20,26890,26891],{},"There are two common forms:",[38,26893,26895],{"className":40,"code":26894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26896,26897,26911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26898,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26900,12083],{"class":53},[47,26902,110],{"class":61},[47,26904,26645],{"class":113},[47,26906,117],{"class":61},[47,26908,1099],{"class":113},[47,26910,132],{"class":61},[47,26912,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26928],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26914,12083],{"class":53},[47,26916,110],{"class":61},[47,26918,26645],{"class":113},[47,26920,117],{"class":61},[47,26922,1099],{"class":113},[47,26924,75],{"class":61},[47,26926,26927],{"class":113}," default",[47,26929,132],{"class":61},[174,26931,26932,26938,26946,26952],{},[177,26933,26934,26937],{},[15,26935,26936],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[177,26939,26940,26942,26943,26945],{},[15,26941,26936],{}," raises ",[15,26944,20088],{}," if the key is missing",[177,26947,26948,26951],{},[15,26949,26950],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[177,26953,26954],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26956,603],{},[38,26958,26960],{"className":40,"code":26959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26961,26962,26994,26998,27023,27051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26963,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26965,1311],{"class":53},[47,26967,58],{"class":57},[47,26969,1096],{"class":61},[47,26971,66],{"class":65},[47,26973,1326],{"class":69},[47,26975,66],{"class":65},[47,26977,172],{"class":61},[47,26979,20299],{"class":349},[47,26981,75],{"class":61},[47,26983,78],{"class":65},[47,26985,1335],{"class":69},[47,26987,66],{"class":65},[47,26989,172],{"class":61},[47,26991,14127],{"class":349},[47,26993,421],{"class":61},[47,26995,26996],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,26997,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,26999,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27001,139],{"class":138},[47,27003,117],{"class":61},[47,27005,1361],{"class":113},[47,27007,110],{"class":61},[47,27009,26645],{"class":113},[47,27011,117],{"class":61},[47,27013,66],{"class":65},[47,27015,1326],{"class":69},[47,27017,66],{"class":65},[47,27019,6006],{"class":61},[47,27021,27022],{"class":152},"         # 90\n",[47,27024,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27026,139],{"class":138},[47,27028,117],{"class":61},[47,27030,1361],{"class":113},[47,27032,110],{"class":61},[47,27034,26645],{"class":113},[47,27036,117],{"class":61},[47,27038,66],{"class":65},[47,27040,1344],{"class":69},[47,27042,66],{"class":65},[47,27044,75],{"class":61},[47,27046,350],{"class":349},[47,27048,6006],{"class":61},[47,27050,21169],{"class":152},[47,27052,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27054,139],{"class":138},[47,27056,117],{"class":61},[47,27058,1361],{"class":113},[47,27060,4313],{"class":61},[47,27062,27063],{"class":152},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[33,27065,273],{"id":272},[20,27067,27068,14668,27070,27072],{},[15,27069,13391],{},[278,27071,1369],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27074,27075],{},"Instead, it returns:",[174,27077,27078,27081],{},[177,27079,27080],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[177,27082,27083],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27085,603],{},[38,27087,27089],{"className":40,"code":27088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27090,27091,27123,27127,27150,27182,27186,27200,27214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27092,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27094,872],{"class":53},[47,27096,58],{"class":57},[47,27098,1096],{"class":61},[47,27100,66],{"class":65},[47,27102,210],{"class":69},[47,27104,66],{"class":65},[47,27106,172],{"class":61},[47,27108,6648],{"class":349},[47,27110,75],{"class":61},[47,27112,78],{"class":65},[47,27114,854],{"class":69},[47,27116,66],{"class":65},[47,27118,172],{"class":61},[47,27120,8436],{"class":349},[47,27122,421],{"class":61},[47,27124,27125],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,27126,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27128,27129,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27130,27131],{"class":53},"result1 ",[47,27133,58],{"class":57},[47,27135,15181],{"class":53},[47,27137,110],{"class":61},[47,27139,26645],{"class":113},[47,27141,117],{"class":61},[47,27143,66],{"class":65},[47,27145,210],{"class":69},[47,27147,66],{"class":65},[47,27149,132],{"class":61},[47,27151,27152,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27178,27180],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27153,27154],{"class":53},"result2 ",[47,27156,58],{"class":57},[47,27158,15181],{"class":53},[47,27160,110],{"class":61},[47,27162,26645],{"class":113},[47,27164,117],{"class":61},[47,27166,66],{"class":65},[47,27168,863],{"class":69},[47,27170,66],{"class":65},[47,27172,75],{"class":61},[47,27174,78],{"class":65},[47,27176,27177],{"class":69},"missing",[47,27179,66],{"class":65},[47,27181,132],{"class":61},[47,27183,27184],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27185,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27187,27188,27190,27192,27195,27197],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,27189,139],{"class":138},[47,27191,117],{"class":61},[47,27193,27194],{"class":113},"result1",[47,27196,4313],{"class":61},[47,27198,27199],{"class":152},"  # 10\n",[47,27201,27202,27204,27206,27209,27211],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,27203,139],{"class":138},[47,27205,117],{"class":61},[47,27207,27208],{"class":113},"result2",[47,27210,4313],{"class":61},[47,27212,27213],{"class":152},"  # missing\n",[47,27215,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,27217,139],{"class":138},[47,27219,117],{"class":61},[47,27221,898],{"class":113},[47,27223,4313],{"class":61},[47,27225,27226],{"class":152},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27228,27229,27230,7275],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[210,27231,27232],{"href":11373},[15,27233,27234],{},"dict.get()",[33,27236,1216,27238],{"id":27237},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27239,13391],{},[20,27241,156,27242,11238],{},[15,27243,13391],{},[174,27245,27246,27249,27252],{},[177,27247,27248],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[177,27250,27251],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[177,27253,27254],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27256,603],{},[38,27258,27260],{"className":40,"code":27259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27261,27262,27314,27318,27345,27349,27373,27377,27391,27405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27263,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27298,27300,27302,27305,27307,27309,27312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27265,25527],{"class":53},[47,27267,58],{"class":57},[47,27269,1096],{"class":61},[47,27271,66],{"class":65},[47,27273,70],{"class":69},[47,27275,66],{"class":65},[47,27277,172],{"class":61},[47,27279,78],{"class":65},[47,27281,27282],{"class":69},"Laptop",[47,27284,66],{"class":65},[47,27286,75],{"class":61},[47,27288,78],{"class":65},[47,27290,25553],{"class":69},[47,27292,66],{"class":65},[47,27294,172],{"class":61},[47,27296,27297],{"class":349}," 1200",[47,27299,75],{"class":61},[47,27301,78],{"class":65},[47,27303,27304],{"class":69},"discount",[47,27306,66],{"class":65},[47,27308,172],{"class":61},[47,27310,27311],{"class":349}," 200",[47,27313,421],{"class":61},[47,27315,27316],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,27317,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27319,27320,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27321,27322],{"class":53},"discount_amount ",[47,27324,58],{"class":57},[47,27326,25605],{"class":53},[47,27328,110],{"class":61},[47,27330,26645],{"class":113},[47,27332,117],{"class":61},[47,27334,66],{"class":65},[47,27336,27304],{"class":69},[47,27338,66],{"class":65},[47,27340,75],{"class":61},[47,27342,350],{"class":349},[47,27344,132],{"class":61},[47,27346,27347],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27348,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27350,27351,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27352,27353],{"class":53},"final_price ",[47,27355,58],{"class":57},[47,27357,25605],{"class":53},[47,27359,669],{"class":61},[47,27361,66],{"class":65},[47,27363,25553],{"class":69},[47,27365,66],{"class":65},[47,27367,678],{"class":61},[47,27369,2871],{"class":57},[47,27371,27372],{"class":53}," discount_amount\n",[47,27374,27375],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,27376,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27378,27379,27381,27383,27386,27388],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,27380,139],{"class":138},[47,27382,117],{"class":61},[47,27384,27385],{"class":113},"discount_amount",[47,27387,4313],{"class":61},[47,27389,27390],{"class":152},"  # 200\n",[47,27392,27393,27395,27397,27400,27402],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,27394,139],{"class":138},[47,27396,117],{"class":61},[47,27398,27399],{"class":113},"final_price",[47,27401,4313],{"class":61},[47,27403,27404],{"class":152},"      # 1000\n",[47,27406,27407,27409,27411,27414,27416],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,27408,139],{"class":138},[47,27410,117],{"class":61},[47,27412,27413],{"class":113},"product",[47,27415,4313],{"class":61},[47,27417,27418],{"class":152},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27420,27421],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[33,27423,27425,11222,27427],{"id":27424},"pop-vs-del",[15,27426,13391],{},[15,27428,27429],{},"del",[20,27431,11227,27432,5036,27434,27436],{},[15,27433,13391],{},[15,27435,27429],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[244,27438,156,27440,27442],{"id":27439},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27441,13391],{}," when you need the removed value",[38,27444,27446],{"className":40,"code":27445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27447,27448,27484,27488,27510,27514,27527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27449,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27451,101],{"class":53},[47,27453,58],{"class":57},[47,27455,1096],{"class":61},[47,27457,66],{"class":65},[47,27459,70],{"class":69},[47,27461,66],{"class":65},[47,27463,172],{"class":61},[47,27465,78],{"class":65},[47,27467,13508],{"class":69},[47,27469,66],{"class":65},[47,27471,75],{"class":61},[47,27473,78],{"class":65},[47,27475,81],{"class":69},[47,27477,66],{"class":65},[47,27479,172],{"class":61},[47,27481,9946],{"class":349},[47,27483,421],{"class":61},[47,27485,27486],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,27487,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27489,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27491,22030],{"class":53},[47,27493,58],{"class":57},[47,27495,13869],{"class":53},[47,27497,110],{"class":61},[47,27499,26645],{"class":113},[47,27501,117],{"class":61},[47,27503,66],{"class":65},[47,27505,81],{"class":69},[47,27507,66],{"class":65},[47,27509,132],{"class":61},[47,27511,27512],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27513,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27515,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27517,139],{"class":138},[47,27519,117],{"class":61},[47,27521,81],{"class":113},[47,27523,4313],{"class":61},[47,27525,27526],{"class":152},"     # 25\n",[47,27528,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,27530,139],{"class":138},[47,27532,117],{"class":61},[47,27534,144],{"class":113},[47,27536,4313],{"class":61},[47,27538,27539],{"class":152},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[244,27541,156,27543,27545],{"id":27542},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27544,27429],{}," when you only want deletion",[38,27547,27549],{"className":40,"code":27548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27550,27551,27587,27591,27607,27611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27552,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27554,101],{"class":53},[47,27556,58],{"class":57},[47,27558,1096],{"class":61},[47,27560,66],{"class":65},[47,27562,70],{"class":69},[47,27564,66],{"class":65},[47,27566,172],{"class":61},[47,27568,78],{"class":65},[47,27570,13508],{"class":69},[47,27572,66],{"class":65},[47,27574,75],{"class":61},[47,27576,78],{"class":65},[47,27578,81],{"class":69},[47,27580,66],{"class":65},[47,27582,172],{"class":61},[47,27584,9946],{"class":349},[47,27586,421],{"class":61},[47,27588,27589],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,27590,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27592,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27594,27429],{"class":1107},[47,27596,13869],{"class":53},[47,27598,669],{"class":61},[47,27600,66],{"class":65},[47,27602,81],{"class":69},[47,27604,66],{"class":65},[47,27606,95],{"class":61},[47,27608,27609],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27610,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27612,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27614,139],{"class":138},[47,27616,117],{"class":61},[47,27618,144],{"class":113},[47,27620,4313],{"class":61},[47,27622,27539],{"class":152},[20,27624,27625],{},"Difference:",[174,27627,27628,27633],{},[177,27629,27630,27632],{},[15,27631,13391],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[177,27634,27635,27637],{},[15,27636,27429],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27639,27640,27641,110],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[210,27642,13203],{"href":13202},[33,27644,27646,27647],{"id":27645},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27648,20088],{},[20,27650,27651],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[244,27653,27655],{"id":27654},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[38,27657,27659],{"className":40,"code":27658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27660,27661,27686,27690,27716,27720,27732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27662,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27682,27684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27664,12355],{"class":53},[47,27666,58],{"class":57},[47,27668,1096],{"class":61},[47,27670,66],{"class":65},[47,27672,70],{"class":69},[47,27674,66],{"class":65},[47,27676,172],{"class":61},[47,27678,78],{"class":65},[47,27680,27681],{"class":69},"Sara",[47,27683,66],{"class":65},[47,27685,421],{"class":61},[47,27687,27688],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,27689,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27691,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27693,3098],{"class":53},[47,27695,58],{"class":57},[47,27697,12396],{"class":53},[47,27699,110],{"class":61},[47,27701,26645],{"class":113},[47,27703,117],{"class":61},[47,27705,66],{"class":65},[47,27707,81],{"class":69},[47,27709,66],{"class":65},[47,27711,75],{"class":61},[47,27713,560],{"class":559},[47,27715,132],{"class":61},[47,27717,27718],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27719,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27721,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27723,139],{"class":138},[47,27725,117],{"class":61},[47,27727,259],{"class":113},[47,27729,4313],{"class":61},[47,27731,20962],{"class":152},[47,27733,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,27735,139],{"class":138},[47,27737,117],{"class":61},[47,27739,12083],{"class":113},[47,27741,4313],{"class":61},[47,27743,27744],{"class":152}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27746,27747],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[244,27749,27751],{"id":27750},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[38,27753,27755],{"className":40,"code":27754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27756,27757,27781,27785,27801,27824,27834,27841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27758,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27760,12355],{"class":53},[47,27762,58],{"class":57},[47,27764,1096],{"class":61},[47,27766,66],{"class":65},[47,27768,70],{"class":69},[47,27770,66],{"class":65},[47,27772,172],{"class":61},[47,27774,78],{"class":65},[47,27776,27681],{"class":69},[47,27778,66],{"class":65},[47,27780,421],{"class":61},[47,27782,27783],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,27784,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27786,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27788,7642],{"class":1107},[47,27790,78],{"class":65},[47,27792,81],{"class":69},[47,27794,66],{"class":65},[47,27796,21575],{"class":57},[47,27798,12396],{"class":53},[47,27800,7038],{"class":61},[47,27802,27803,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27804,27805],{"class":53},"    value ",[47,27807,58],{"class":57},[47,27809,12396],{"class":53},[47,27811,110],{"class":61},[47,27813,26645],{"class":113},[47,27815,117],{"class":61},[47,27817,66],{"class":65},[47,27819,81],{"class":69},[47,27821,66],{"class":65},[47,27823,132],{"class":61},[47,27825,27826,27828,27830,27832],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27827,8715],{"class":138},[47,27829,117],{"class":61},[47,27831,259],{"class":113},[47,27833,132],{"class":61},[47,27835,27836,27839],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,27837,27838],{"class":1107},"else",[47,27840,7038],{"class":61},[47,27842,27843,27845,27847,27849,27852,27854],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,27844,8715],{"class":138},[47,27846,117],{"class":61},[47,27848,66],{"class":65},[47,27850,27851],{"class":69},"Key not found",[47,27853,66],{"class":65},[47,27855,132],{"class":61},[244,27857,27859,27860,27862],{"id":27858},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27861,11376],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[38,27864,27866],{"className":40,"code":27865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27867,27868,27892,27896,27922,27926,27938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27869,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27871,12355],{"class":53},[47,27873,58],{"class":57},[47,27875,1096],{"class":61},[47,27877,66],{"class":65},[47,27879,70],{"class":69},[47,27881,66],{"class":65},[47,27883,172],{"class":61},[47,27885,78],{"class":65},[47,27887,27681],{"class":69},[47,27889,66],{"class":65},[47,27891,421],{"class":61},[47,27893,27894],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,27895,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27897,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,27899,3098],{"class":53},[47,27901,58],{"class":57},[47,27903,12396],{"class":53},[47,27905,110],{"class":61},[47,27907,20151],{"class":113},[47,27909,117],{"class":61},[47,27911,66],{"class":65},[47,27913,81],{"class":69},[47,27915,66],{"class":65},[47,27917,75],{"class":61},[47,27919,560],{"class":559},[47,27921,132],{"class":61},[47,27923,27924],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,27925,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,27927,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,27929,139],{"class":138},[47,27931,117],{"class":61},[47,27933,259],{"class":113},[47,27935,4313],{"class":61},[47,27937,20962],{"class":152},[47,27939,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,27941,139],{"class":138},[47,27943,117],{"class":61},[47,27945,12083],{"class":113},[47,27947,4313],{"class":61},[47,27949,27744],{"class":152},[20,27951,156,27952,27956,27957,110],{},[210,27953,27954],{"href":11373},[15,27955,27234],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[210,27958,11897],{"href":11710},[33,27960,5162],{"id":5161},[20,27962,27963,27964,110],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27965,13198],{},[244,27967,26178,27969,27971],{"id":27968},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27970,13391],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27973,27974],{},"Lists use indexes:",[38,27976,27978],{"className":40,"code":27977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27979,27980,28000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27981,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27983,4270],{"class":53},[47,27985,58],{"class":57},[47,27987,62],{"class":61},[47,27989,2981],{"class":349},[47,27991,75],{"class":61},[47,27993,8436],{"class":349},[47,27995,75],{"class":61},[47,27997,8441],{"class":349},[47,27999,95],{"class":61},[47,28001,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28003,139],{"class":138},[47,28005,117],{"class":61},[47,28007,4300],{"class":113},[47,28009,110],{"class":61},[47,28011,26645],{"class":113},[47,28013,117],{"class":61},[47,28015,917],{"class":349},[47,28017,6006],{"class":61},[47,28019,28020],{"class":152},"  # 20\n",[20,28022,28023],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[38,28025,28027],{"className":40,"code":28026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28028,28029,28065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28030,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28032,101],{"class":53},[47,28034,58],{"class":57},[47,28036,1096],{"class":61},[47,28038,66],{"class":65},[47,28040,70],{"class":69},[47,28042,66],{"class":65},[47,28044,172],{"class":61},[47,28046,78],{"class":65},[47,28048,13508],{"class":69},[47,28050,66],{"class":65},[47,28052,75],{"class":61},[47,28054,78],{"class":65},[47,28056,81],{"class":69},[47,28058,66],{"class":65},[47,28060,172],{"class":61},[47,28062,9946],{"class":349},[47,28064,421],{"class":61},[47,28066,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28068,139],{"class":138},[47,28070,117],{"class":61},[47,28072,144],{"class":113},[47,28074,110],{"class":61},[47,28076,26645],{"class":113},[47,28078,117],{"class":61},[47,28080,66],{"class":65},[47,28082,81],{"class":69},[47,28084,66],{"class":65},[47,28086,6006],{"class":61},[47,28088,28089],{"class":152},"  # 25\n",[20,28091,28092,28093,28095,28096,28098],{},"A dictionary does ",[278,28094,1369],{}," use positions with ",[15,28097,13391],{},". It uses keys.",[244,28100,5348,28102,28104],{"id":28101},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28103,13391],{}," changes the original dictionary",[38,28106,28108],{"className":40,"code":28107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28109,28110,28142,28146,28168,28172,28185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28111,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28113,872],{"class":53},[47,28115,58],{"class":57},[47,28117,1096],{"class":61},[47,28119,66],{"class":65},[47,28121,1995],{"class":69},[47,28123,66],{"class":65},[47,28125,172],{"class":61},[47,28127,2002],{"class":349},[47,28129,75],{"class":61},[47,28131,78],{"class":65},[47,28133,2161],{"class":69},[47,28135,66],{"class":65},[47,28137,172],{"class":61},[47,28139,2409],{"class":349},[47,28141,421],{"class":61},[47,28143,28144],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28145,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28147,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,28149,3098],{"class":53},[47,28151,58],{"class":57},[47,28153,15181],{"class":53},[47,28155,110],{"class":61},[47,28157,26645],{"class":113},[47,28159,117],{"class":61},[47,28161,66],{"class":65},[47,28163,1995],{"class":69},[47,28165,66],{"class":65},[47,28167,132],{"class":61},[47,28169,28170],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,28171,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28173,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,28175,139],{"class":138},[47,28177,117],{"class":61},[47,28179,259],{"class":113},[47,28181,4313],{"class":61},[47,28183,28184],{"class":152},"  # 1\n",[47,28186,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,28188,139],{"class":138},[47,28190,117],{"class":61},[47,28192,898],{"class":113},[47,28194,4313],{"class":61},[47,28196,28197],{"class":152},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28199,28200,28201,28203],{},"After ",[15,28202,13391],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[244,28205,453,28207,28209],{"id":28206},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28208,13391],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[38,28211,28213],{"className":40,"code":28212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28214,28215,28239,28243,28248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28216,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28218,872],{"class":53},[47,28220,58],{"class":57},[47,28222,1096],{"class":61},[47,28224,66],{"class":65},[47,28226,70],{"class":69},[47,28228,66],{"class":65},[47,28230,172],{"class":61},[47,28232,78],{"class":65},[47,28234,8568],{"class":69},[47,28236,66],{"class":65},[47,28238,421],{"class":61},[47,28240,28241],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28242,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28244,28245],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,28246,28247],{"class":152},"# This causes an error\n",[47,28249,28250],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,28251,28252],{"class":152},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28254,28255],{},"Safer version:",[38,28257,28259],{"className":40,"code":28258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28260,28261,28285,28289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28262,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28264,872],{"class":53},[47,28266,58],{"class":57},[47,28268,1096],{"class":61},[47,28270,66],{"class":65},[47,28272,70],{"class":69},[47,28274,66],{"class":65},[47,28276,172],{"class":61},[47,28278,78],{"class":65},[47,28280,8568],{"class":69},[47,28282,66],{"class":65},[47,28284,421],{"class":61},[47,28286,28287],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28288,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28290,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,28292,139],{"class":138},[47,28294,117],{"class":61},[47,28296,898],{"class":113},[47,28298,110],{"class":61},[47,28300,26645],{"class":113},[47,28302,117],{"class":61},[47,28304,66],{"class":65},[47,28306,81],{"class":69},[47,28308,66],{"class":65},[47,28310,75],{"class":61},[47,28312,78],{"class":65},[47,28314,27177],{"class":69},[47,28316,66],{"class":65},[47,28318,6006],{"class":61},[47,28320,27213],{"class":152},[244,28322,1968,28324,28326],{"id":28323},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28325,13391],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[38,28328,28330],{"className":40,"code":28329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28331,28332,28364,28368,28390,28394,28406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28333,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28335,872],{"class":53},[47,28337,58],{"class":57},[47,28339,1096],{"class":61},[47,28341,66],{"class":65},[47,28343,210],{"class":69},[47,28345,66],{"class":65},[47,28347,172],{"class":61},[47,28349,2002],{"class":349},[47,28351,75],{"class":61},[47,28353,78],{"class":65},[47,28355,854],{"class":69},[47,28357,66],{"class":65},[47,28359,172],{"class":61},[47,28361,2409],{"class":349},[47,28363,421],{"class":61},[47,28365,28366],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28367,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28369,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,28371,2879],{"class":53},[47,28373,58],{"class":57},[47,28375,15181],{"class":53},[47,28377,110],{"class":61},[47,28379,26645],{"class":113},[47,28381,117],{"class":61},[47,28383,66],{"class":65},[47,28385,210],{"class":69},[47,28387,66],{"class":65},[47,28389,132],{"class":61},[47,28391,28392],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,28393,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28395,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,28397,139],{"class":138},[47,28399,117],{"class":61},[47,28401,2914],{"class":113},[47,28403,4313],{"class":61},[47,28405,28184],{"class":152},[47,28407,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,28409,139],{"class":138},[47,28411,117],{"class":61},[47,28413,898],{"class":113},[47,28415,4313],{"class":61},[47,28417,28418],{"class":152},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28420,28421],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[33,28423,28425],{"id":28424},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28427,28428,28429,28431],{},"Problems with ",[15,28430,13198],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[174,28433,28434,28437,28446,28449],{},[177,28435,28436],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[177,28438,28439,28440,28443,28444],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28441,28442],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28445,26741],{},[177,28447,28448],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[177,28450,28451,28452,11728,28454],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28453,917],{},[15,28455,28456],{},"\"1\"",[20,28458,28459],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[38,28461,28463],{"className":40,"code":28462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28464,28465,28489,28493,28523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28466,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483,28485,28487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28468,872],{"class":53},[47,28470,58],{"class":57},[47,28472,1096],{"class":61},[47,28474,66],{"class":65},[47,28476,917],{"class":69},[47,28478,66],{"class":65},[47,28480,172],{"class":61},[47,28482,78],{"class":65},[47,28484,7229],{"class":69},[47,28486,66],{"class":65},[47,28488,421],{"class":61},[47,28490,28491],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28492,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28494,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28516,28518,28520],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,28496,139],{"class":138},[47,28498,117],{"class":61},[47,28500,898],{"class":113},[47,28502,110],{"class":61},[47,28504,26645],{"class":113},[47,28506,117],{"class":61},[47,28508,917],{"class":349},[47,28510,75],{"class":61},[47,28512,78],{"class":65},[47,28514,28515],{"class":69},"not found",[47,28517,66],{"class":65},[47,28519,6006],{"class":61},[47,28521,28522],{"class":152},"    # not found\n",[47,28524,28525,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,28526,139],{"class":138},[47,28528,117],{"class":61},[47,28530,898],{"class":113},[47,28532,110],{"class":61},[47,28534,26645],{"class":113},[47,28536,117],{"class":61},[47,28538,66],{"class":65},[47,28540,917],{"class":69},[47,28542,66],{"class":65},[47,28544,75],{"class":61},[47,28546,78],{"class":65},[47,28548,28515],{"class":69},[47,28550,66],{"class":65},[47,28552,6006],{"class":61},[47,28554,28555],{"class":152},"  # one\n",[20,28557,28558,5036,28560,28562],{},[15,28559,917],{},[15,28561,28456],{}," are different keys.",[33,28564,9517],{"id":9516},[20,28566,9520,28567,28569],{},[15,28568,13391],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,28571,28573],{"className":40,"code":28572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28574,28575,28585,28599,28617,28647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28576,28577,28579,28581,28583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28578,139],{"class":138},[47,28580,117],{"class":61},[47,28582,12083],{"class":113},[47,28584,132],{"class":61},[47,28586,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28588,139],{"class":138},[47,28590,117],{"class":61},[47,28592,12083],{"class":113},[47,28594,110],{"class":61},[47,28596,120],{"class":113},[47,28598,7839],{"class":61},[47,28600,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,28602,139],{"class":138},[47,28604,117],{"class":61},[47,28606,385],{"class":65},[47,28608,70],{"class":69},[47,28610,385],{"class":65},[47,28612,21575],{"class":1107},[47,28614,12396],{"class":113},[47,28616,132],{"class":61},[47,28618,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,28620,139],{"class":138},[47,28622,117],{"class":61},[47,28624,12083],{"class":113},[47,28626,110],{"class":61},[47,28628,26645],{"class":113},[47,28630,117],{"class":61},[47,28632,385],{"class":65},[47,28634,70],{"class":69},[47,28636,385],{"class":65},[47,28638,75],{"class":61},[47,28640,398],{"class":65},[47,28642,27177],{"class":69},[47,28644,385],{"class":65},[47,28646,2266],{"class":61},[47,28648,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,28650,139],{"class":138},[47,28652,117],{"class":61},[47,28654,2392],{"class":106},[47,28656,117],{"class":61},[47,28658,12083],{"class":113},[47,28660,2266],{"class":61},[20,28662,21738],{},[174,28664,28665,28670,28675,28680,28686],{},[177,28666,28667,28669],{},[15,28668,13308],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[177,28671,28672,28674],{},[15,28673,21750],{}," shows all available keys",[177,28676,28677,28679],{},[15,28678,21756],{}," checks whether a key exists",[177,28681,28682,28685],{},[15,28683,28684],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[177,28687,28688,28690],{},[15,28689,13314],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28692,28693,28694,110],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[210,28695,449],{"href":10030},[33,28697,2429],{"id":2428},[244,28699,28701,28702,28704],{"id":28700},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28703,13391],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28706,28707],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[244,28709,28711],{"id":28710},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28713,28714,26942,28716,28718,28719,28721],{},[15,28715,26741],{},[15,28717,20088],{},". ",[15,28720,26745],{}," returns the default value instead.",[244,28723,2433,28725,15509],{"id":28724},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28726,13391],{},[20,28728,28729],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[244,28731,28733,28734,28736],{"id":28732},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28735,13391],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28738,28739,28740,28742,28743,110],{},"Not with ",[15,28741,13198],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[210,28744,28745],{"href":13209},[15,28746,13398],{},[244,28748,5823,28750,5036,28752,3143],{"id":28749},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28751,11376],{},[15,28753,13391],{},[20,28755,28756,28758,28759,28761],{},[15,28757,11376],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28760,13391],{}," reads and removes it.",[33,28763,2526],{"id":2525},[174,28765,28766,28772,28779,28783,28787,28791],{},[177,28767,28768],{},[210,28769,28770],{"href":11373},[15,28771,20069],{},[177,28773,28774],{},[210,28775,28776],{"href":13209},[15,28777,28778],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[177,28780,28781],{},[210,28782,13414],{"href":13202},[177,28784,28785],{},[210,28786,21859],{"href":17206},[177,28788,28789],{},[210,28790,11897],{"href":11710},[177,28792,28793],{},[210,28794,28796],{"href":28795},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2563,28798,28799],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":28801},[28802,28803,28805,28806,28807,28809,28816,28823,28833,28834,28835,28846],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":26752,"depth":98,"text":28804},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":27237,"depth":98,"text":28808},"When to use pop()",{"id":27424,"depth":98,"text":28810,"children":28811},"pop() vs del",[28812,28814],{"id":27439,"depth":135,"text":28813},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27542,"depth":135,"text":28815},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27645,"depth":98,"text":28817,"children":28818},"How to avoid KeyError",[28819,28820,28821],{"id":27654,"depth":135,"text":27655},{"id":27750,"depth":135,"text":27751},{"id":27858,"depth":135,"text":28822},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":28824},[28825,28827,28829,28831],{"id":27968,"depth":135,"text":28826},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28101,"depth":135,"text":28828},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28206,"depth":135,"text":28830},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28323,"depth":135,"text":28832},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28424,"depth":98,"text":28425},{"id":9516,"depth":98,"text":9517},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":28836},[28837,28839,28840,28842,28844],{"id":28700,"depth":135,"text":28838},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28710,"depth":135,"text":28711},{"id":28724,"depth":135,"text":28841},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28732,"depth":135,"text":28843},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28749,"depth":135,"text":28845},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26573,"description":28847},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28854,"title":28778,"body":28855,"description":30795,"extension":2611,"meta":30796,"navigation":357,"path":30797,"seo":30798,"stem":30799,"__hash__":30800},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28856,"toc":30759},[28857,28862,28867,28870,28878,28888,28890,28979,28983,29032,29037,29042,29046,29062,29065,29067,29082,29084,29100,29107,29111,29117,29126,29128,29197,29201,29222,29225,29244,29247,29270,29272,29275,29390,29394,29453,29460,29464,29470,29595,29599,29649,29652,29656,29663,29665,29728,29732,29753,29756,29765,29780,29788,29795,29799,29811,29815,29826,29828,29974,29978,30037,30044,30049,30053,30059,30082,30087,30106,30110,30181,30188,30261,30270,30275,30280,30291,30294,30431,30436,30468,30473,30475,30479,30539,30542,30599,30602,30645,30647,30652,30658,30664,30667,30674,30682,30687,30690,30697,30705,30707,30756],[10,28858,13,28860,18],{"id":28859},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28861,13398],{},[20,28863,2628,28864,28866],{},[15,28865,13398],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28868,28869],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[174,28871,28872,28875],{},[177,28873,28874],{},"remove an item",[177,28876,28877],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28879,28880,28881,28883,28884,28887],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28882,13398],{}," removes the ",[278,28885,28886],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[33,28889,36],{"id":35},[38,28891,28893],{"className":40,"code":28892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28894,28895,28939,28955,28959,28969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28896,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28898,872],{"class":53},[47,28900,58],{"class":57},[47,28902,1096],{"class":61},[47,28904,66],{"class":65},[47,28906,210],{"class":69},[47,28908,66],{"class":65},[47,28910,172],{"class":61},[47,28912,2002],{"class":349},[47,28914,75],{"class":61},[47,28916,78],{"class":65},[47,28918,854],{"class":69},[47,28920,66],{"class":65},[47,28922,172],{"class":61},[47,28924,2409],{"class":349},[47,28926,75],{"class":61},[47,28928,78],{"class":65},[47,28930,863],{"class":69},[47,28932,66],{"class":65},[47,28934,172],{"class":61},[47,28936,2414],{"class":349},[47,28938,421],{"class":61},[47,28940,28941,28944,28946,28948,28950,28953],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,28942,28943],{"class":53},"item ",[47,28945,58],{"class":57},[47,28947,15181],{"class":53},[47,28949,110],{"class":61},[47,28951,28952],{"class":113},"popitem",[47,28954,9288],{"class":61},[47,28956,28957],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,28958,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,28960,28961,28963,28965,28967],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,28962,139],{"class":138},[47,28964,117],{"class":61},[47,28966,23713],{"class":113},[47,28968,132],{"class":61},[47,28970,28971,28973,28975,28977],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,28972,139],{"class":138},[47,28974,117],{"class":61},[47,28976,898],{"class":113},[47,28978,132],{"class":61},[20,28980,28981],{},[278,28982,372],{},[38,28984,28986],{"className":40,"code":28985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28987,28988,29004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28989,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28991,117],{"class":61},[47,28993,385],{"class":65},[47,28995,863],{"class":69},[47,28997,385],{"class":65},[47,28999,75],{"class":61},[47,29001,2414],{"class":349},[47,29003,132],{"class":61},[47,29005,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29007,382],{"class":61},[47,29009,385],{"class":65},[47,29011,210],{"class":69},[47,29013,385],{"class":65},[47,29015,172],{"class":61},[47,29017,2002],{"class":349},[47,29019,75],{"class":61},[47,29021,398],{"class":65},[47,29023,854],{"class":69},[47,29025,385],{"class":65},[47,29027,172],{"class":61},[47,29029,2409],{"class":349},[47,29031,421],{"class":61},[20,29033,29034,29036],{},[15,29035,13398],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[33,29038,164,29040,167],{"id":29039},"what-popitem-does",[15,29041,13398],{},[20,29043,29044,172],{},[15,29045,13398],{},[174,29047,29048,29051,29056,29059],{},[177,29049,29050],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[177,29052,29053,29054],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29055,22057],{},[177,29057,29058],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[177,29060,29061],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29063,29064],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[33,29066,2806],{"id":2805},[38,29068,29070],{"className":40,"code":29069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29071,29072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29073,29074,29076,29078,29080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29075,16214],{"class":53},[47,29077,110],{"class":61},[47,29079,28952],{"class":113},[47,29081,9288],{"class":61},[20,29083,12092],{},[174,29085,29086,29094,29097],{},[177,29087,29088,29090,29091],{},[15,29089,13398],{}," takes ",[278,29092,29093],{},"no arguments",[177,29095,29096],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[177,29098,29099],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29101,29102,29103,7275],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[210,29104,29105],{"href":13195},[15,29106,13391],{},[33,29108,29110],{"id":29109},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29112,29113,29114,29116],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29115,13398],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29118,29119,29120,29123],"ol",{},[177,29121,29122],{},"the key",[177,29124,29125],{},"the value",[20,29127,603],{},[38,29129,29131],{"className":40,"code":29130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29132,29133,29169,29183,29187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29136,101],{"class":53},[47,29138,58],{"class":57},[47,29140,1096],{"class":61},[47,29142,66],{"class":65},[47,29144,70],{"class":69},[47,29146,66],{"class":65},[47,29148,172],{"class":61},[47,29150,78],{"class":65},[47,29152,5647],{"class":69},[47,29154,66],{"class":65},[47,29156,75],{"class":61},[47,29158,78],{"class":65},[47,29160,81],{"class":69},[47,29162,66],{"class":65},[47,29164,172],{"class":61},[47,29166,9946],{"class":349},[47,29168,421],{"class":61},[47,29170,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29172,2879],{"class":53},[47,29174,58],{"class":57},[47,29176,13869],{"class":53},[47,29178,110],{"class":61},[47,29180,28952],{"class":113},[47,29182,9288],{"class":61},[47,29184,29185],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,29186,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29188,29189,29191,29193,29195],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,29190,139],{"class":138},[47,29192,117],{"class":61},[47,29194,2914],{"class":113},[47,29196,132],{"class":61},[20,29198,29199],{},[278,29200,372],{},[38,29202,29204],{"className":40,"code":29203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29205,29206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29207,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29209,117],{"class":61},[47,29211,385],{"class":65},[47,29213,81],{"class":69},[47,29215,385],{"class":65},[47,29217,75],{"class":61},[47,29219,9946],{"class":349},[47,29221,132],{"class":61},[20,29223,29224],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[38,29226,29228],{"className":40,"code":29227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29229,29230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29231,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29233,2879],{"class":53},[47,29235,58],{"class":57},[47,29237,13869],{"class":53},[47,29239,110],{"class":61},[47,29241,28952],{"class":113},[47,29243,9288],{"class":61},[20,29245,29246],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[38,29248,29250],{"className":40,"code":29249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29251,29252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29253,29254,29256,29258,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29255,1099],{"class":53},[47,29257,75],{"class":61},[47,29259,21986],{"class":53},[47,29261,58],{"class":57},[47,29263,13869],{"class":53},[47,29265,110],{"class":61},[47,29267,28952],{"class":113},[47,29269,9288],{"class":61},[33,29271,12109],{"id":12108},[20,29273,29274],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[38,29276,29278],{"className":40,"code":29277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29279,29280,29328,29332,29347,29351,29371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29281,29282,29284,29286,29288,29290,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309,29312,29314,29316,29319,29321,29323,29326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29283,1311],{"class":53},[47,29285,58],{"class":57},[47,29287,1096],{"class":61},[47,29289,66],{"class":65},[47,29291,29292],{"class":69},"Tom",[47,29294,66],{"class":65},[47,29296,172],{"class":61},[47,29298,5718],{"class":349},[47,29300,75],{"class":61},[47,29302,78],{"class":65},[47,29304,13508],{"class":69},[47,29306,66],{"class":65},[47,29308,172],{"class":61},[47,29310,29311],{"class":349}," 95",[47,29313,75],{"class":61},[47,29315,78],{"class":65},[47,29317,29318],{"class":69},"Leo",[47,29320,66],{"class":65},[47,29322,172],{"class":61},[47,29324,29325],{"class":349}," 88",[47,29327,421],{"class":61},[47,29329,29330],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29331,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29333,29334,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,29335,29336],{"class":53},"removed_pair ",[47,29338,58],{"class":57},[47,29340,5753],{"class":53},[47,29342,110],{"class":61},[47,29344,28952],{"class":113},[47,29346,9288],{"class":61},[47,29348,29349],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,29350,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29352,29353,29355,29357,29359,29362,29364,29366,29369],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,29354,139],{"class":138},[47,29356,117],{"class":61},[47,29358,66],{"class":65},[47,29360,29361],{"class":69},"Removed:",[47,29363,66],{"class":65},[47,29365,75],{"class":61},[47,29367,29368],{"class":113}," removed_pair",[47,29370,132],{"class":61},[47,29372,29373,29375,29377,29379,29382,29384,29386,29388],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,29374,139],{"class":138},[47,29376,117],{"class":61},[47,29378,66],{"class":65},[47,29380,29381],{"class":69},"After removal:",[47,29383,66],{"class":65},[47,29385,75],{"class":61},[47,29387,5753],{"class":113},[47,29389,132],{"class":61},[20,29391,29392],{},[278,29393,372],{},[38,29395,29397],{"className":40,"code":29396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29398,29399,29420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29400,29401,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29402,29403],{"class":53},"Removed",[47,29405,172],{"class":61},[47,29407,9878],{"class":61},[47,29409,385],{"class":65},[47,29411,29318],{"class":69},[47,29413,385],{"class":65},[47,29415,75],{"class":61},[47,29417,29325],{"class":349},[47,29419,132],{"class":61},[47,29421,29422,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29423,29424],{"class":53},"After removal",[47,29426,172],{"class":61},[47,29428,1096],{"class":61},[47,29430,385],{"class":65},[47,29432,29292],{"class":69},[47,29434,385],{"class":65},[47,29436,172],{"class":61},[47,29438,5718],{"class":349},[47,29440,75],{"class":61},[47,29442,398],{"class":65},[47,29444,13508],{"class":69},[47,29446,385],{"class":65},[47,29448,172],{"class":61},[47,29450,29311],{"class":349},[47,29452,421],{"class":61},[20,29454,29455,29456,29459],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29457,29458],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[33,29461,29463],{"id":29462},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29465,29466,29467,29469],{},"Because ",[15,29468,13398],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[38,29471,29473],{"className":40,"code":29472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29474,29475,29511,29515,29534,29538,29557,29576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29476,29477,29479,29481,29483,29485,29487,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29478,16057],{"class":53},[47,29480,58],{"class":57},[47,29482,1096],{"class":61},[47,29484,66],{"class":65},[47,29486,16068],{"class":69},[47,29488,66],{"class":65},[47,29490,172],{"class":61},[47,29492,78],{"class":65},[47,29494,16077],{"class":69},[47,29496,66],{"class":65},[47,29498,75],{"class":61},[47,29500,78],{"class":65},[47,29502,16088],{"class":69},[47,29504,66],{"class":65},[47,29506,172],{"class":61},[47,29508,27311],{"class":349},[47,29510,421],{"class":61},[47,29512,29513],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29514,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29516,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29528,29530,29532],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,29518,1099],{"class":53},[47,29520,75],{"class":61},[47,29522,21986],{"class":53},[47,29524,58],{"class":57},[47,29526,29527],{"class":53}," book",[47,29529,110],{"class":61},[47,29531,28952],{"class":113},[47,29533,9288],{"class":61},[47,29535,29536],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,29537,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29539,29540,29542,29544,29546,29549,29551,29553,29555],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,29541,139],{"class":138},[47,29543,117],{"class":61},[47,29545,66],{"class":65},[47,29547,29548],{"class":69},"Key:",[47,29550,66],{"class":65},[47,29552,75],{"class":61},[47,29554,21981],{"class":113},[47,29556,132],{"class":61},[47,29558,29559,29561,29563,29565,29568,29570,29572,29574],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,29560,139],{"class":138},[47,29562,117],{"class":61},[47,29564,66],{"class":65},[47,29566,29567],{"class":69},"Value:",[47,29569,66],{"class":65},[47,29571,75],{"class":61},[47,29573,240],{"class":113},[47,29575,132],{"class":61},[47,29577,29578,29580,29582,29584,29587,29589,29591,29593],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,29579,139],{"class":138},[47,29581,117],{"class":61},[47,29583,66],{"class":65},[47,29585,29586],{"class":69},"Dictionary:",[47,29588,66],{"class":65},[47,29590,75],{"class":61},[47,29592,29527],{"class":113},[47,29594,132],{"class":61},[20,29596,29597],{},[278,29598,372],{},[38,29600,29602],{"className":40,"code":29601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29603,29604,29614,29624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29605,29606,29609,29611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29607,29608],{"class":53},"Key",[47,29610,172],{"class":61},[47,29612,29613],{"class":53}," pages\n",[47,29615,29616,29619,29621],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29617,29618],{"class":53},"Value",[47,29620,172],{"class":61},[47,29622,29623],{"class":349}," 200\n",[47,29625,29626,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,29627,29628],{"class":53},"Dictionary",[47,29630,172],{"class":61},[47,29632,1096],{"class":61},[47,29634,385],{"class":65},[47,29636,16068],{"class":69},[47,29638,385],{"class":65},[47,29640,172],{"class":61},[47,29642,398],{"class":65},[47,29644,16077],{"class":69},[47,29646,385],{"class":65},[47,29648,421],{"class":61},[20,29650,29651],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[33,29653,29655],{"id":29654},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29657,29658,29659,28883,29661,110],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29660,13398],{},[278,29662,28886],{},[20,29664,603],{},[38,29666,29668],{"className":40,"code":29667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29669,29670,29714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29671,29672,29674,29676,29678,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704,29706,29708,29710,29712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29673,872],{"class":53},[47,29675,58],{"class":57},[47,29677,1096],{"class":61},[47,29679,66],{"class":65},[47,29681,1995],{"class":69},[47,29683,66],{"class":65},[47,29685,172],{"class":61},[47,29687,2002],{"class":349},[47,29689,75],{"class":61},[47,29691,78],{"class":65},[47,29693,2161],{"class":69},[47,29695,66],{"class":65},[47,29697,172],{"class":61},[47,29699,2409],{"class":349},[47,29701,75],{"class":61},[47,29703,78],{"class":65},[47,29705,22479],{"class":69},[47,29707,66],{"class":65},[47,29709,172],{"class":61},[47,29711,2414],{"class":349},[47,29713,421],{"class":61},[47,29715,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29717,139],{"class":138},[47,29719,117],{"class":61},[47,29721,898],{"class":113},[47,29723,110],{"class":61},[47,29725,28952],{"class":113},[47,29727,7839],{"class":61},[20,29729,29730],{},[278,29731,372],{},[38,29733,29735],{"className":40,"code":29734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29736,29737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29738,29739,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29740,117],{"class":61},[47,29742,385],{"class":65},[47,29744,22479],{"class":69},[47,29746,385],{"class":65},[47,29748,75],{"class":61},[47,29750,2414],{"class":349},[47,29752,132],{"class":61},[20,29754,29755],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29757,29758,29759,29761,29762,29764],{},"As a beginner, do ",[278,29760,1369],{}," think of ",[15,29763,13398],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29766,29767,29768,2838,29772,17681,29776,110],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[210,29769,29770],{"href":17684},[15,29771,17687],{},[210,29773,29774],{"href":17671},[15,29775,17674],{},[210,29777,29778],{"href":17677},[15,29779,17680],{},[33,29781,29783,29784,5036,29786],{"id":29782},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29785,13398],{},[15,29787,13391],{},[20,29789,29790,5036,29792,29794],{},[15,29791,13398],{},[15,29793,13391],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[244,29796,29797],{"id":28952},[15,29798,13398],{},[174,29800,29801,29804,29807],{},[177,29802,29803],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[177,29805,29806],{},"does not need a key argument",[177,29808,4343,29809],{},[15,29810,22057],{},[244,29812,29813],{"id":26645},[15,29814,13391],{},[174,29816,29817,29820,29823],{},[177,29818,29819],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[177,29821,29822],{},"needs the key name",[177,29824,29825],{},"returns only the value",[20,29827,603],{},[38,29829,29831],{"className":40,"code":29830,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29832,29833,29877,29881,29895,29915,29919,29941,29960,29964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29834,29835,29837,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869,29871,29873,29875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29836,872],{"class":53},[47,29838,58],{"class":57},[47,29840,1096],{"class":61},[47,29842,66],{"class":65},[47,29844,210],{"class":69},[47,29846,66],{"class":65},[47,29848,172],{"class":61},[47,29850,2002],{"class":349},[47,29852,75],{"class":61},[47,29854,78],{"class":65},[47,29856,854],{"class":69},[47,29858,66],{"class":65},[47,29860,172],{"class":61},[47,29862,2409],{"class":349},[47,29864,75],{"class":61},[47,29866,78],{"class":65},[47,29868,863],{"class":69},[47,29870,66],{"class":65},[47,29872,172],{"class":61},[47,29874,2414],{"class":349},[47,29876,421],{"class":61},[47,29878,29879],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,29880,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29882,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,29884,28943],{"class":53},[47,29886,58],{"class":57},[47,29888,15181],{"class":53},[47,29890,110],{"class":61},[47,29892,28952],{"class":113},[47,29894,9288],{"class":61},[47,29896,29897,29899,29901,29903,29906,29908,29910,29913],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,29898,139],{"class":138},[47,29900,117],{"class":61},[47,29902,66],{"class":65},[47,29904,29905],{"class":69},"popitem():",[47,29907,66],{"class":65},[47,29909,75],{"class":61},[47,29911,29912],{"class":113}," item",[47,29914,132],{"class":61},[47,29916,29917],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,29918,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29920,29921,29923,29925,29927,29929,29931,29933,29935,29937,29939],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,29922,3098],{"class":53},[47,29924,58],{"class":57},[47,29926,15181],{"class":53},[47,29928,110],{"class":61},[47,29930,26645],{"class":113},[47,29932,117],{"class":61},[47,29934,66],{"class":65},[47,29936,210],{"class":69},[47,29938,66],{"class":65},[47,29940,132],{"class":61},[47,29942,29943,29945,29947,29949,29952,29954,29956,29958],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,29944,139],{"class":138},[47,29946,117],{"class":61},[47,29948,66],{"class":65},[47,29950,29951],{"class":69},"pop('a'):",[47,29953,66],{"class":65},[47,29955,75],{"class":61},[47,29957,240],{"class":113},[47,29959,132],{"class":61},[47,29961,29962],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,29963,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,29965,29966,29968,29970,29972],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,29967,139],{"class":138},[47,29969,117],{"class":61},[47,29971,898],{"class":113},[47,29973,132],{"class":61},[20,29975,29976],{},[278,29977,372],{},[38,29979,29981],{"className":40,"code":29980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29982,29983,30004,30021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29984,29985,29987,29990,29992,29994,29996,29998,30000,30002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29986,28952],{"class":113},[47,29988,29989],{"class":61},"():",[47,29991,9878],{"class":61},[47,29993,385],{"class":65},[47,29995,863],{"class":69},[47,29997,385],{"class":65},[47,29999,75],{"class":61},[47,30001,2414],{"class":349},[47,30003,132],{"class":61},[47,30005,30006,30008,30010,30012,30014,30016,30018],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30007,26645],{"class":113},[47,30009,117],{"class":61},[47,30011,385],{"class":65},[47,30013,210],{"class":69},[47,30015,385],{"class":65},[47,30017,17061],{"class":61},[47,30019,30020],{"class":349}," 1\n",[47,30022,30023,30025,30027,30029,30031,30033,30035],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30024,382],{"class":61},[47,30026,385],{"class":65},[47,30028,854],{"class":69},[47,30030,385],{"class":65},[47,30032,172],{"class":61},[47,30034,2409],{"class":349},[47,30036,421],{"class":61},[20,30038,156,30039,30043],{},[210,30040,30041],{"href":13195},[15,30042,13391],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30045,156,30046,30048],{},[15,30047,13398],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[33,30050,30052],{"id":30051},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30054,30055,30056,30058],{},"Calling ",[15,30057,13398],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[38,30060,30062],{"className":40,"code":30061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30063,30064,30072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30065,30066,30068,30070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30067,872],{"class":53},[47,30069,58],{"class":57},[47,30071,10476],{"class":61},[47,30073,30074,30076,30078,30080],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30075,898],{"class":53},[47,30077,110],{"class":61},[47,30079,28952],{"class":113},[47,30081,9288],{"class":61},[20,30083,30084],{},[278,30085,30086],{},"Error:",[38,30088,30090],{"className":40,"code":30089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30091,30092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30093,30094,30096,30098,30100,30103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30095,20088],{"class":106},[47,30097,172],{"class":61},[47,30099,398],{"class":65},[47,30101,30102],{"class":69},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,30104,30105],{"class":65},"'\n",[244,30107,30109],{"id":30108},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[38,30111,30113],{"className":40,"code":30112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30114,30115,30123,30127,30135,30150,30160,30166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30116,30117,30119,30121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30118,872],{"class":53},[47,30120,58],{"class":57},[47,30122,10476],{"class":61},[47,30124,30125],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30126,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,30128,30129,30131,30133],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30130,7642],{"class":1107},[47,30132,15181],{"class":53},[47,30134,7038],{"class":61},[47,30136,30137,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,30138,30139],{"class":53},"    item ",[47,30141,58],{"class":57},[47,30143,15181],{"class":53},[47,30145,110],{"class":61},[47,30147,28952],{"class":113},[47,30149,9288],{"class":61},[47,30151,30152,30154,30156,30158],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,30153,8715],{"class":138},[47,30155,117],{"class":61},[47,30157,23713],{"class":113},[47,30159,132],{"class":61},[47,30161,30162,30164],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,30163,27838],{"class":1107},[47,30165,7038],{"class":61},[47,30167,30168,30170,30172,30174,30177,30179],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,30169,8715],{"class":138},[47,30171,117],{"class":61},[47,30173,66],{"class":65},[47,30175,30176],{"class":69},"Dictionary is empty",[47,30178,66],{"class":65},[47,30180,132],{"class":61},[244,30182,30184,30185],{"id":30183},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30186,30187],{},"try-except",[38,30189,30191],{"className":40,"code":30190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30192,30193,30201,30205,30212,30226,30236,30246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30194,30195,30197,30199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30196,872],{"class":53},[47,30198,58],{"class":57},[47,30200,10476],{"class":61},[47,30202,30203],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30204,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,30206,30207,30210],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30208,30209],{"class":1107},"try",[47,30211,7038],{"class":61},[47,30213,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222,30224],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,30215,30139],{"class":53},[47,30217,58],{"class":57},[47,30219,15181],{"class":53},[47,30221,110],{"class":61},[47,30223,28952],{"class":113},[47,30225,9288],{"class":61},[47,30227,30228,30230,30232,30234],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,30229,8715],{"class":138},[47,30231,117],{"class":61},[47,30233,23713],{"class":113},[47,30235,132],{"class":61},[47,30237,30238,30241,30244],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,30239,30240],{"class":1107},"except",[47,30242,30243],{"class":106}," KeyError",[47,30245,7038],{"class":61},[47,30247,30248,30250,30252,30254,30257,30259],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,30249,8715],{"class":138},[47,30251,117],{"class":61},[47,30253,66],{"class":65},[47,30255,30256],{"class":69},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[47,30258,66],{"class":65},[47,30260,132],{"class":61},[20,30262,30263,30264,110],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[210,30265,26083,30267],{"href":30266},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30268,30269],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[33,30271,1216,30273],{"id":30272},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30274,13398],{},[20,30276,30277,30279],{},[15,30278,13398],{}," is useful when:",[174,30281,30282,30285,30288],{},[177,30283,30284],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[177,30286,30287],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[177,30289,30290],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30292,30293],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[38,30295,30297],{"className":40,"code":30296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30298,30299,30308,30328,30348,30366,30370,30374,30384,30403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30300,30301,30304,30306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30302,30303],{"class":53},"tasks ",[47,30305,58],{"class":57},[47,30307,1475],{"class":61},[47,30309,30310,30312,30315,30317,30319,30321,30324,30326],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30311,1480],{"class":65},[47,30313,30314],{"class":69},"first",[47,30316,66],{"class":65},[47,30318,172],{"class":61},[47,30320,78],{"class":65},[47,30322,30323],{"class":69},"wash dishes",[47,30325,66],{"class":65},[47,30327,1491],{"class":61},[47,30329,30330,30332,30335,30337,30339,30341,30344,30346],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30331,1480],{"class":65},[47,30333,30334],{"class":69},"second",[47,30336,66],{"class":65},[47,30338,172],{"class":61},[47,30340,78],{"class":65},[47,30342,30343],{"class":69},"do homework",[47,30345,66],{"class":65},[47,30347,1491],{"class":61},[47,30349,30350,30352,30355,30357,30359,30361,30364],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,30351,1480],{"class":65},[47,30353,30354],{"class":69},"third",[47,30356,66],{"class":65},[47,30358,172],{"class":61},[47,30360,78],{"class":65},[47,30362,30363],{"class":69},"read book",[47,30365,689],{"class":65},[47,30367,30368],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,30369,421],{"class":61},[47,30371,30372],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,30373,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,30375,30376,30379,30382],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,30377,30378],{"class":1107},"while",[47,30380,30381],{"class":53}," tasks",[47,30383,7038],{"class":61},[47,30385,30386,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,30387,30388],{"class":53},"    key",[47,30390,75],{"class":61},[47,30392,21986],{"class":53},[47,30394,58],{"class":57},[47,30396,30381],{"class":53},[47,30398,110],{"class":61},[47,30400,28952],{"class":113},[47,30402,9288],{"class":61},[47,30404,30405,30407,30409,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30429],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,30406,8715],{"class":138},[47,30408,117],{"class":61},[47,30410,22696],{"class":2714},[47,30412,66],{"class":69},[47,30414,382],{"class":349},[47,30416,1099],{"class":113},[47,30418,22705],{"class":349},[47,30420,22708],{"class":69},[47,30422,382],{"class":349},[47,30424,259],{"class":113},[47,30426,22705],{"class":349},[47,30428,66],{"class":69},[47,30430,132],{"class":61},[20,30432,30433],{},[278,30434,30435],{},"Possible output:",[38,30437,30439],{"className":40,"code":30438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30440,30441,30450,30459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30442,30443,30445,30447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30444,30354],{"class":53},[47,30446,172],{"class":61},[47,30448,30449],{"class":53}," read book\n",[47,30451,30452,30454,30456],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30453,30334],{"class":53},[47,30455,172],{"class":61},[47,30457,30458],{"class":53}," do homework\n",[47,30460,30461,30463,30465],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30462,30314],{"class":53},[47,30464,172],{"class":61},[47,30466,30467],{"class":53}," wash dishes\n",[20,30469,29466,30470,30472],{},[15,30471,13398],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[33,30474,1641],{"id":1640},[20,30476,1644,30477,172],{},[15,30478,13398],{},[174,30480,30481,30495,30514,30525],{},[177,30482,30483,30488],{},[278,30484,30055,30485,30487],{},[15,30486,13398],{}," on an empty dictionary",[174,30489,30490],{},[177,30491,30492,30493,110],{},"This raises ",[15,30494,20088],{},[177,30496,30497,30502],{},[278,30498,1968,30499,30501],{},[15,30500,13398],{}," to remove a specific key",[174,30503,30504,30507],{},[177,30505,30506],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[177,30508,156,30509,30513],{},[210,30510,30511],{"href":13195},[15,30512,13391],{}," if you need that.",[177,30515,30516,30520],{},[278,30517,5348,30518,28104],{},[15,30519,13398],{},[174,30521,30522],{},[177,30523,30524],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[177,30526,30527,30530],{},[278,30528,30529],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[174,30531,30532],{},[177,30533,30534,22377,30536,30538],{},[15,30535,13398],{},[15,30537,22057],{}," tuple.",[20,30540,30541],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[38,30543,30545],{"className":40,"code":30544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30546,30547,30557,30571,30575,30589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30548,30549,30551,30553,30555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30550,139],{"class":138},[47,30552,117],{"class":61},[47,30554,12083],{"class":113},[47,30556,132],{"class":61},[47,30558,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30560,139],{"class":138},[47,30562,117],{"class":61},[47,30564,11798],{"class":138},[47,30566,117],{"class":61},[47,30568,12083],{"class":113},[47,30570,2266],{"class":61},[47,30572,30573],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30574,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,30576,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,30578,28943],{"class":53},[47,30580,58],{"class":57},[47,30582,12396],{"class":53},[47,30584,110],{"class":61},[47,30586,28952],{"class":113},[47,30588,9288],{"class":61},[47,30590,30591,30593,30595,30597],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,30592,139],{"class":138},[47,30594,117],{"class":61},[47,30596,23713],{"class":113},[47,30598,132],{"class":61},[20,30600,30601],{},"Or with unpacking:",[38,30603,30605],{"className":40,"code":30604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30606,30607,30625,30635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30608,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30610,1099],{"class":53},[47,30612,75],{"class":61},[47,30614,21986],{"class":53},[47,30616,58],{"class":57},[47,30618,12396],{"class":53},[47,30620,110],{"class":61},[47,30622,28952],{"class":113},[47,30624,9288],{"class":61},[47,30626,30627,30629,30631,30633],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30628,139],{"class":138},[47,30630,117],{"class":61},[47,30632,1099],{"class":113},[47,30634,132],{"class":61},[47,30636,30637,30639,30641,30643],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30638,139],{"class":138},[47,30640,117],{"class":61},[47,30642,259],{"class":113},[47,30644,132],{"class":61},[33,30646,2429],{"id":2428},[244,30648,5785,30650,5788],{"id":30649},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30651,13398],{},[20,30653,30654,30655,110],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30656,30657],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[244,30659,2433,30661,30663],{"id":30660},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30662,13398],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30665,30666],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[244,30668,30670,30671,30673],{"id":30669},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30672,13398],{}," removes?",[20,30675,30676,30677,30681],{},"No. Use ",[210,30678,30679],{"href":13195},[15,30680,13391],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[244,30683,2433,30685,15509],{"id":30684},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30686,13398],{},[20,30688,30689],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[244,30691,30693,30694,30696],{"id":30692},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30695,13398],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30698,30699,30700,30702,30703,110],{},"It raises ",[15,30701,20088],{}," with the message ",[15,30704,30102],{},[33,30706,2526],{"id":2525},[174,30708,30709,30716,30722,30728,30734,30741,30745,30749],{},[177,30710,30711],{},[210,30712,30713,30715],{"href":13195},[15,30714,13391],{}," method for dictionaries",[177,30717,30718],{},[210,30719,30720,30715],{"href":17684},[15,30721,17687],{},[177,30723,30724],{},[210,30725,30726,30715],{"href":17671},[15,30727,17674],{},[177,30729,30730],{},[210,30731,30732,30715],{"href":17677},[15,30733,17680],{},[177,30735,30736],{},[210,30737,30739,30715],{"href":30738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30740,11955],{},[177,30742,30743],{},[210,30744,13414],{"href":13202},[177,30746,30747],{},[210,30748,21859],{"href":17206},[177,30750,30751],{},[210,30752,30753,30754],{"href":30266},"Fix ",[15,30755,30269],{},[2563,30757,30758],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":30760},[30761,30762,30764,30765,30766,30767,30768,30769,30774,30779,30781,30782,30794],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":29039,"depth":98,"text":30763},"What popitem() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":29109,"depth":98,"text":29110},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":29462,"depth":98,"text":29463},{"id":29654,"depth":98,"text":29655},{"id":29782,"depth":98,"text":30770,"children":30771},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30772,30773],{"id":28952,"depth":135,"text":13398},{"id":26645,"depth":135,"text":13391},{"id":30051,"depth":98,"text":30052,"children":30775},[30776,30777],{"id":30108,"depth":135,"text":30109},{"id":30183,"depth":135,"text":30778},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30272,"depth":98,"text":30780},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":30783},[30784,30786,30788,30790,30792],{"id":30649,"depth":135,"text":30785},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30660,"depth":135,"text":30787},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30669,"depth":135,"text":30789},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30684,"depth":135,"text":30791},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30692,"depth":135,"text":30793},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28778,"description":30795},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30802,"title":30803,"body":30804,"description":32707,"extension":2611,"meta":32708,"navigation":357,"path":1632,"seo":32709,"stem":32710,"__hash__":32711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30805,"toc":32679},[30806,30811,30816,30819,30821,30918,30923,30928,30933,30936,30944,30947,30962,30964,31064,31066,31123,31127,31129,31132,31152,31157,31168,31171,31198,31201,31203,31260,31262,31283,31289,31294,31297,31308,31310,31418,31420,31473,31475,31487,31494,31500,31505,31508,31596,31598,31643,31646,31654,31657,31660,31729,31732,31735,31739,31742,31813,31815,31868,31871,31874,31877,31892,31895,31907,31910,31973,31975,31981,31983,31985,32064,32066,32107,32109,32174,32176,32213,32218,32223,32227,32241,32244,32367,32369,32454,32459,32461,32465,32487,32490,32570,32573,32592,32597,32599,32605,32610,32616,32619,32625,32628,32634,32639,32645,32651,32653,32676],[10,30807,13,30809,18],{"id":30808},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30810,1636],{},[20,30812,2628,30813,30815],{},[15,30814,1636],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30817,30818],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[33,30820,36],{"id":35},[38,30822,30824],{"className":40,"code":30823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30825,30826,30862,30903,30913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30827,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30829,101],{"class":53},[47,30831,58],{"class":57},[47,30833,1096],{"class":61},[47,30835,66],{"class":65},[47,30837,70],{"class":69},[47,30839,66],{"class":65},[47,30841,172],{"class":61},[47,30843,78],{"class":65},[47,30845,13508],{"class":69},[47,30847,66],{"class":65},[47,30849,75],{"class":61},[47,30851,78],{"class":65},[47,30853,81],{"class":69},[47,30855,66],{"class":65},[47,30857,172],{"class":61},[47,30859,8436],{"class":349},[47,30861,421],{"class":61},[47,30863,30864,30866,30868,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,30865,144],{"class":53},[47,30867,110],{"class":61},[47,30869,30870],{"class":113},"update",[47,30872,6174],{"class":61},[47,30874,66],{"class":65},[47,30876,81],{"class":69},[47,30878,66],{"class":65},[47,30880,172],{"class":61},[47,30882,30883],{"class":349}," 21",[47,30885,75],{"class":61},[47,30887,78],{"class":65},[47,30889,90],{"class":69},[47,30891,66],{"class":65},[47,30893,172],{"class":61},[47,30895,78],{"class":65},[47,30897,16641],{"class":69},[47,30899,66],{"class":65},[47,30901,30902],{"class":61},"})\n",[47,30904,30905,30907,30909,30911],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,30906,139],{"class":138},[47,30908,117],{"class":61},[47,30910,144],{"class":113},[47,30912,132],{"class":61},[47,30914,30915],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,30916,30917],{"class":152},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30919,156,30920,30922],{},[15,30921,1636],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[33,30924,164,30926,167],{"id":30925},"what-update-does",[15,30927,1636],{},[20,30929,30930,30932],{},[15,30931,1636],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30934,30935],{},"It can do two main things:",[174,30937,30938,30941],{},[177,30939,30940],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[177,30942,30943],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30945,30946],{},"Important things to know:",[174,30948,30949,30952,30955,30959],{},[177,30950,30951],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[177,30953,30954],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[177,30956,5791,30957],{},[15,30958,269],{},[177,30960,30961],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30963,603],{},[38,30965,30967],{"className":40,"code":30966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30968,30969,31011,31054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30970,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31007,31009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30972,13491],{"class":53},[47,30974,58],{"class":57},[47,30976,1096],{"class":61},[47,30978,66],{"class":65},[47,30980,70],{"class":69},[47,30982,66],{"class":65},[47,30984,172],{"class":61},[47,30986,78],{"class":65},[47,30988,30989],{"class":69},"Mira",[47,30991,66],{"class":65},[47,30993,75],{"class":61},[47,30995,78],{"class":65},[47,30997,20292],{"class":69},[47,30999,66],{"class":65},[47,31001,172],{"class":61},[47,31003,78],{"class":65},[47,31005,31006],{"class":69},"B",[47,31008,66],{"class":65},[47,31010,421],{"class":61},[47,31012,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31050,31052],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,31014,14244],{"class":53},[47,31016,110],{"class":61},[47,31018,30870],{"class":113},[47,31020,6174],{"class":61},[47,31022,66],{"class":65},[47,31024,20292],{"class":69},[47,31026,66],{"class":65},[47,31028,172],{"class":61},[47,31030,78],{"class":65},[47,31032,22647],{"class":69},[47,31034,66],{"class":65},[47,31036,75],{"class":61},[47,31038,78],{"class":65},[47,31040,90],{"class":69},[47,31042,66],{"class":65},[47,31044,172],{"class":61},[47,31046,78],{"class":65},[47,31048,31049],{"class":69},"Quito",[47,31051,66],{"class":65},[47,31053,30902],{"class":61},[47,31055,31056,31058,31060,31062],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,31057,139],{"class":138},[47,31059,117],{"class":61},[47,31061,14244],{"class":113},[47,31063,132],{"class":61},[20,31065,372],{},[38,31067,31069],{"className":40,"code":31068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31070,31071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31072,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31074,382],{"class":61},[47,31076,385],{"class":65},[47,31078,70],{"class":69},[47,31080,385],{"class":65},[47,31082,172],{"class":61},[47,31084,398],{"class":65},[47,31086,30989],{"class":69},[47,31088,385],{"class":65},[47,31090,75],{"class":61},[47,31092,398],{"class":65},[47,31094,20292],{"class":69},[47,31096,385],{"class":65},[47,31098,172],{"class":61},[47,31100,398],{"class":65},[47,31102,22647],{"class":69},[47,31104,385],{"class":65},[47,31106,75],{"class":61},[47,31108,398],{"class":65},[47,31110,90],{"class":69},[47,31112,385],{"class":65},[47,31114,172],{"class":61},[47,31116,398],{"class":65},[47,31118,31049],{"class":69},[47,31120,385],{"class":65},[47,31122,421],{"class":61},[20,31124,9797,31125,110],{},[210,31126,25031],{"href":10030},[33,31128,2806],{"id":2805},[20,31130,31131],{},"The basic form is:",[38,31133,31135],{"className":40,"code":31134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31136,31137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31138,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31140,16214],{"class":53},[47,31142,110],{"class":61},[47,31144,30870],{"class":113},[47,31146,117],{"class":61},[47,31148,31149],{"class":113},"other",[47,31151,132],{"class":61},[20,31153,31154,31156],{},[15,31155,31149],{}," can be:",[174,31158,31159,31162,31165],{},[177,31160,31161],{},"Another dictionary",[177,31163,31164],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[177,31166,31167],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31169,31170],{},"You can also use:",[38,31172,31174],{"className":40,"code":31173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31175,31176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31177,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31179,16214],{"class":53},[47,31181,110],{"class":61},[47,31183,30870],{"class":113},[47,31185,117],{"class":61},[47,31187,70],{"class":9818},[47,31189,58],{"class":57},[47,31191,66],{"class":65},[47,31193,8322],{"class":69},[47,31195,66],{"class":65},[47,31197,132],{"class":61},[20,31199,31200],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31202,603],{},[38,31204,31206],{"className":40,"code":31205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31207,31208,31228,31250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31209,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31211,872],{"class":53},[47,31213,58],{"class":57},[47,31215,1096],{"class":61},[47,31217,66],{"class":65},[47,31219,210],{"class":69},[47,31221,66],{"class":65},[47,31223,172],{"class":61},[47,31225,2002],{"class":349},[47,31227,421],{"class":61},[47,31229,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,31231,898],{"class":53},[47,31233,110],{"class":61},[47,31235,30870],{"class":113},[47,31237,6174],{"class":61},[47,31239,66],{"class":65},[47,31241,210],{"class":69},[47,31243,66],{"class":65},[47,31245,172],{"class":61},[47,31247,6648],{"class":349},[47,31249,30902],{"class":61},[47,31251,31252,31254,31256,31258],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,31253,139],{"class":138},[47,31255,117],{"class":61},[47,31257,898],{"class":113},[47,31259,132],{"class":61},[20,31261,372],{},[38,31263,31265],{"className":40,"code":31264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31266,31267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31268,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31270,382],{"class":61},[47,31272,385],{"class":65},[47,31274,210],{"class":69},[47,31276,385],{"class":65},[47,31278,172],{"class":61},[47,31280,6648],{"class":349},[47,31282,421],{"class":61},[33,31284,453,31286,31288],{"id":31285},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31287,1636],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31290,31291,31292,110],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31293,1636],{},[20,31295,31296],{},"It is useful when:",[174,31298,31299,31302,31305],{},[177,31300,31301],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[177,31303,31304],{},"Adding extra settings",[177,31306,31307],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31309,603],{},[38,31311,31313],{"className":40,"code":31312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31314,31315,31352,31389,31393,31408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31316,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31318,1404],{"class":53},[47,31320,58],{"class":57},[47,31322,1096],{"class":61},[47,31324,66],{"class":65},[47,31326,13123],{"class":69},[47,31328,66],{"class":65},[47,31330,172],{"class":61},[47,31332,78],{"class":65},[47,31334,21329],{"class":69},[47,31336,66],{"class":65},[47,31338,75],{"class":61},[47,31340,78],{"class":65},[47,31342,14467],{"class":69},[47,31344,66],{"class":65},[47,31346,172],{"class":61},[47,31348,31349],{"class":349}," 12",[47,31351,421],{"class":61},[47,31353,31354,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,31355,31356],{"class":53},"new_settings ",[47,31358,58],{"class":57},[47,31360,1096],{"class":61},[47,31362,66],{"class":65},[47,31364,14467],{"class":69},[47,31366,66],{"class":65},[47,31368,172],{"class":61},[47,31370,14474],{"class":349},[47,31372,75],{"class":61},[47,31374,78],{"class":65},[47,31376,20524],{"class":69},[47,31378,66],{"class":65},[47,31380,172],{"class":61},[47,31382,78],{"class":65},[47,31384,20558],{"class":69},[47,31386,66],{"class":65},[47,31388,421],{"class":61},[47,31390,31391],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,31392,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,31394,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31406],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,31396,1455],{"class":53},[47,31398,110],{"class":61},[47,31400,30870],{"class":113},[47,31402,117],{"class":61},[47,31404,31405],{"class":113},"new_settings",[47,31407,132],{"class":61},[47,31409,31410,31412,31414,31416],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,31411,139],{"class":138},[47,31413,117],{"class":61},[47,31415,1455],{"class":113},[47,31417,132],{"class":61},[20,31419,372],{},[38,31421,31423],{"className":40,"code":31422,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31424,31425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31426,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31428,382],{"class":61},[47,31430,385],{"class":65},[47,31432,13123],{"class":69},[47,31434,385],{"class":65},[47,31436,172],{"class":61},[47,31438,398],{"class":65},[47,31440,21329],{"class":69},[47,31442,385],{"class":65},[47,31444,75],{"class":61},[47,31446,398],{"class":65},[47,31448,14467],{"class":69},[47,31450,385],{"class":65},[47,31452,172],{"class":61},[47,31454,14474],{"class":349},[47,31456,75],{"class":61},[47,31458,398],{"class":65},[47,31460,20524],{"class":69},[47,31462,385],{"class":65},[47,31464,172],{"class":61},[47,31466,398],{"class":65},[47,31468,20558],{"class":69},[47,31470,385],{"class":65},[47,31472,421],{"class":61},[20,31474,14029],{},[174,31476,31477,31482],{},[177,31478,31479,31481],{},[15,31480,14467],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[177,31483,31484,31486],{},[15,31485,20524],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31488,31489,31490,110],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[210,31491,31493],{"href":31492},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31495,453,31497,31499],{"id":31496},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31498,1636],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31501,31502,31504],{},[15,31503,1636],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31506,31507],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[38,31509,31511],{"className":40,"code":31510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31512,31513,31533,31568,31572,31586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31514,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31516,1311],{"class":53},[47,31518,58],{"class":57},[47,31520,1096],{"class":61},[47,31522,66],{"class":65},[47,31524,1326],{"class":69},[47,31526,66],{"class":65},[47,31528,172],{"class":61},[47,31530,20299],{"class":349},[47,31532,421],{"class":61},[47,31534,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31560,31562,31564,31566],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,31536,9857],{"class":53},[47,31538,58],{"class":57},[47,31540,9862],{"class":61},[47,31542,66],{"class":65},[47,31544,1335],{"class":69},[47,31546,66],{"class":65},[47,31548,75],{"class":61},[47,31550,14127],{"class":349},[47,31552,9875],{"class":61},[47,31554,9878],{"class":61},[47,31556,66],{"class":65},[47,31558,31559],{"class":69},"english",[47,31561,66],{"class":65},[47,31563,75],{"class":61},[47,31565,29325],{"class":349},[47,31567,9891],{"class":61},[47,31569,31570],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,31571,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,31573,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,31575,1361],{"class":53},[47,31577,110],{"class":61},[47,31579,30870],{"class":113},[47,31581,117],{"class":61},[47,31583,9904],{"class":113},[47,31585,132],{"class":61},[47,31587,31588,31590,31592,31594],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,31589,139],{"class":138},[47,31591,117],{"class":61},[47,31593,1361],{"class":113},[47,31595,132],{"class":61},[20,31597,372],{},[38,31599,31601],{"className":40,"code":31600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31602,31603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31604,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31606,382],{"class":61},[47,31608,385],{"class":65},[47,31610,1326],{"class":69},[47,31612,385],{"class":65},[47,31614,172],{"class":61},[47,31616,20299],{"class":349},[47,31618,75],{"class":61},[47,31620,398],{"class":65},[47,31622,1335],{"class":69},[47,31624,385],{"class":65},[47,31626,172],{"class":61},[47,31628,14127],{"class":349},[47,31630,75],{"class":61},[47,31632,398],{"class":65},[47,31634,31559],{"class":69},[47,31636,385],{"class":65},[47,31638,172],{"class":61},[47,31640,29325],{"class":349},[47,31642,421],{"class":61},[20,31644,31645],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[174,31647,31648,31651],{},[177,31649,31650],{},"The key",[177,31652,31653],{},"The value",[20,31655,31656],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31658,31659],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[38,31661,31663],{"className":40,"code":31662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31664,31665,31685,31710,31714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31666,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31668,872],{"class":53},[47,31670,58],{"class":57},[47,31672,1096],{"class":61},[47,31674,66],{"class":65},[47,31676,210],{"class":69},[47,31678,66],{"class":65},[47,31680,172],{"class":61},[47,31682,2002],{"class":349},[47,31684,421],{"class":61},[47,31686,31687,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,31688,31689],{"class":53},"bad_pairs ",[47,31691,58],{"class":57},[47,31693,9862],{"class":61},[47,31695,66],{"class":65},[47,31697,854],{"class":69},[47,31699,66],{"class":65},[47,31701,75],{"class":61},[47,31703,2409],{"class":349},[47,31705,75],{"class":61},[47,31707,2414],{"class":349},[47,31709,9891],{"class":61},[47,31711,31712],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,31713,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,31715,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31727],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,31717,898],{"class":53},[47,31719,110],{"class":61},[47,31721,30870],{"class":113},[47,31723,117],{"class":61},[47,31725,31726],{"class":113},"bad_pairs",[47,31728,132],{"class":61},[20,31730,31731],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31733,31734],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[33,31736,31738],{"id":31737},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31740,31741],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[38,31743,31745],{"className":40,"code":31744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31746,31747,31771,31803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31748,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31750,12122],{"class":53},[47,31752,58],{"class":57},[47,31754,1096],{"class":61},[47,31756,66],{"class":65},[47,31758,70],{"class":69},[47,31760,66],{"class":65},[47,31762,172],{"class":61},[47,31764,78],{"class":65},[47,31766,29318],{"class":69},[47,31768,66],{"class":65},[47,31770,421],{"class":61},[47,31772,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31792,31794,31796,31799,31801],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,31774,12213],{"class":53},[47,31776,110],{"class":61},[47,31778,30870],{"class":113},[47,31780,117],{"class":61},[47,31782,81],{"class":9818},[47,31784,58],{"class":57},[47,31786,9836],{"class":349},[47,31788,75],{"class":61},[47,31790,31791],{"class":9818}," city",[47,31793,58],{"class":57},[47,31795,66],{"class":65},[47,31797,31798],{"class":69},"Madrid",[47,31800,66],{"class":65},[47,31802,132],{"class":61},[47,31804,31805,31807,31809,31811],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,31806,139],{"class":138},[47,31808,117],{"class":61},[47,31810,12213],{"class":113},[47,31812,132],{"class":61},[20,31814,372],{},[38,31816,31818],{"className":40,"code":31817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31819,31820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31821,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31823,382],{"class":61},[47,31825,385],{"class":65},[47,31827,70],{"class":69},[47,31829,385],{"class":65},[47,31831,172],{"class":61},[47,31833,398],{"class":65},[47,31835,29318],{"class":69},[47,31837,385],{"class":65},[47,31839,75],{"class":61},[47,31841,398],{"class":65},[47,31843,81],{"class":69},[47,31845,385],{"class":65},[47,31847,172],{"class":61},[47,31849,9946],{"class":349},[47,31851,75],{"class":61},[47,31853,398],{"class":65},[47,31855,90],{"class":69},[47,31857,385],{"class":65},[47,31859,172],{"class":61},[47,31861,398],{"class":65},[47,31863,31798],{"class":69},[47,31865,385],{"class":65},[47,31867,421],{"class":61},[20,31869,31870],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31872,31873],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31875,31876],{},"These work:",[174,31878,31879,31883,31887],{},[177,31880,31881],{},[15,31882,81],{},[177,31884,31885],{},[15,31886,90],{},[177,31888,31889],{},[15,31890,31891],{},"first_name",[20,31893,31894],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[174,31896,31897,31902],{},[177,31898,31899],{},[15,31900,31901],{},"\"first name\"",[177,31903,31904],{},[15,31905,31906],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31908,31909],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[38,31911,31913],{"className":40,"code":31912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31914,31915,31923,31963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31916,31917,31919,31921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31918,12122],{"class":53},[47,31920,58],{"class":57},[47,31922,10476],{"class":61},[47,31924,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31954,31956,31958,31961],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,31926,12213],{"class":53},[47,31928,110],{"class":61},[47,31930,30870],{"class":113},[47,31932,6174],{"class":61},[47,31934,66],{"class":65},[47,31936,11149],{"class":69},[47,31938,66],{"class":65},[47,31940,172],{"class":61},[47,31942,78],{"class":65},[47,31944,29318],{"class":69},[47,31946,66],{"class":65},[47,31948,75],{"class":61},[47,31950,78],{"class":65},[47,31952,31953],{"class":69},"user-id",[47,31955,66],{"class":65},[47,31957,172],{"class":61},[47,31959,31960],{"class":349}," 1001",[47,31962,30902],{"class":61},[47,31964,31965,31967,31969,31971],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,31966,139],{"class":138},[47,31968,117],{"class":61},[47,31970,12213],{"class":113},[47,31972,132],{"class":61},[33,31974,273],{"id":272},[20,31976,31977,3048,31979,110],{},[15,31978,1636],{},[15,31980,269],{},[20,31982,14663],{},[20,31984,25111],{},[38,31986,31988],{"className":40,"code":31987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31989,31990,32014,32040,32044,32054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31991,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31993,101],{"class":53},[47,31995,58],{"class":57},[47,31997,1096],{"class":61},[47,31999,66],{"class":65},[47,32001,70],{"class":69},[47,32003,66],{"class":65},[47,32005,172],{"class":61},[47,32007,78],{"class":65},[47,32009,13508],{"class":69},[47,32011,66],{"class":65},[47,32013,421],{"class":61},[47,32015,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32017,2879],{"class":53},[47,32019,58],{"class":57},[47,32021,13869],{"class":53},[47,32023,110],{"class":61},[47,32025,30870],{"class":113},[47,32027,6174],{"class":61},[47,32029,66],{"class":65},[47,32031,81],{"class":69},[47,32033,66],{"class":65},[47,32035,172],{"class":61},[47,32037,8436],{"class":349},[47,32039,30902],{"class":61},[47,32041,32042],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,32043,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,32045,32046,32048,32050,32052],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,32047,139],{"class":138},[47,32049,117],{"class":61},[47,32051,2914],{"class":113},[47,32053,132],{"class":61},[47,32055,32056,32058,32060,32062],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,32057,139],{"class":138},[47,32059,117],{"class":61},[47,32061,144],{"class":113},[47,32063,132],{"class":61},[20,32065,372],{},[38,32067,32069],{"className":40,"code":32068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32070,32071,32075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32072,32073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32074,12438],{"class":559},[47,32076,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32078,382],{"class":61},[47,32080,385],{"class":65},[47,32082,70],{"class":69},[47,32084,385],{"class":65},[47,32086,172],{"class":61},[47,32088,398],{"class":65},[47,32090,13508],{"class":69},[47,32092,385],{"class":65},[47,32094,75],{"class":61},[47,32096,398],{"class":65},[47,32098,81],{"class":69},[47,32100,385],{"class":65},[47,32102,172],{"class":61},[47,32104,8436],{"class":349},[47,32106,421],{"class":61},[20,32108,17265],{},[38,32110,32112],{"className":40,"code":32111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32113,32114,32138,32160,32164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32115,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32117,101],{"class":53},[47,32119,58],{"class":57},[47,32121,1096],{"class":61},[47,32123,66],{"class":65},[47,32125,70],{"class":69},[47,32127,66],{"class":65},[47,32129,172],{"class":61},[47,32131,78],{"class":65},[47,32133,13508],{"class":69},[47,32135,66],{"class":65},[47,32137,421],{"class":61},[47,32139,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32141,144],{"class":53},[47,32143,110],{"class":61},[47,32145,30870],{"class":113},[47,32147,6174],{"class":61},[47,32149,66],{"class":65},[47,32151,81],{"class":69},[47,32153,66],{"class":65},[47,32155,172],{"class":61},[47,32157,8436],{"class":349},[47,32159,30902],{"class":61},[47,32161,32162],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,32163,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,32165,32166,32168,32170,32172],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,32167,139],{"class":138},[47,32169,117],{"class":61},[47,32171,144],{"class":113},[47,32173,132],{"class":61},[20,32175,372],{},[38,32177,32179],{"className":40,"code":32178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32180,32181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32182,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32184,382],{"class":61},[47,32186,385],{"class":65},[47,32188,70],{"class":69},[47,32190,385],{"class":65},[47,32192,172],{"class":61},[47,32194,398],{"class":65},[47,32196,13508],{"class":69},[47,32198,385],{"class":65},[47,32200,75],{"class":61},[47,32202,398],{"class":65},[47,32204,81],{"class":69},[47,32206,385],{"class":65},[47,32208,172],{"class":61},[47,32210,8436],{"class":349},[47,32212,421],{"class":61},[20,32214,32215,32216,110],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[210,32217,791],{"href":11368},[33,32219,1216,32221],{"id":32220},"when-to-use-update",[15,32222,1636],{},[20,32224,156,32225,11238],{},[15,32226,1636],{},[174,32228,32229,32232,32235,32238],{},[177,32230,32231],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[177,32233,32234],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[177,32236,32237],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[177,32239,32240],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32242,32243],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[38,32245,32247],{"className":40,"code":32246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32248,32249,32285,32300,32304,32343,32347,32357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32250,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32252,1986],{"class":53},[47,32254,58],{"class":57},[47,32256,1096],{"class":61},[47,32258,66],{"class":65},[47,32260,70],{"class":69},[47,32262,66],{"class":65},[47,32264,172],{"class":61},[47,32266,78],{"class":65},[47,32268,13508],{"class":69},[47,32270,66],{"class":65},[47,32272,75],{"class":61},[47,32274,78],{"class":65},[47,32276,81],{"class":69},[47,32278,66],{"class":65},[47,32280,172],{"class":61},[47,32282,8436],{"class":349},[47,32284,421],{"class":61},[47,32286,32287,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32288,32289],{"class":53},"updated ",[47,32291,58],{"class":57},[47,32293,12789],{"class":53},[47,32295,110],{"class":61},[47,32297,13539],{"class":113},[47,32299,9288],{"class":61},[47,32301,32302],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,32303,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,32305,32306,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,32307,32308],{"class":53},"updated",[47,32310,110],{"class":61},[47,32312,30870],{"class":113},[47,32314,6174],{"class":61},[47,32316,66],{"class":65},[47,32318,81],{"class":69},[47,32320,66],{"class":65},[47,32322,172],{"class":61},[47,32324,30883],{"class":349},[47,32326,75],{"class":61},[47,32328,78],{"class":65},[47,32330,90],{"class":69},[47,32332,66],{"class":65},[47,32334,172],{"class":61},[47,32336,78],{"class":65},[47,32338,16641],{"class":69},[47,32340,66],{"class":65},[47,32342,30902],{"class":61},[47,32344,32345],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,32346,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,32348,32349,32351,32353,32355],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,32350,139],{"class":138},[47,32352,117],{"class":61},[47,32354,2052],{"class":113},[47,32356,132],{"class":61},[47,32358,32359,32361,32363,32365],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,32360,139],{"class":138},[47,32362,117],{"class":61},[47,32364,32308],{"class":113},[47,32366,132],{"class":61},[20,32368,372],{},[38,32370,32372],{"className":40,"code":32371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32373,32374,32406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32375,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32377,382],{"class":61},[47,32379,385],{"class":65},[47,32381,70],{"class":69},[47,32383,385],{"class":65},[47,32385,172],{"class":61},[47,32387,398],{"class":65},[47,32389,13508],{"class":69},[47,32391,385],{"class":65},[47,32393,75],{"class":61},[47,32395,398],{"class":65},[47,32397,81],{"class":69},[47,32399,385],{"class":65},[47,32401,172],{"class":61},[47,32403,8436],{"class":349},[47,32405,421],{"class":61},[47,32407,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32409,382],{"class":61},[47,32411,385],{"class":65},[47,32413,70],{"class":69},[47,32415,385],{"class":65},[47,32417,172],{"class":61},[47,32419,398],{"class":65},[47,32421,13508],{"class":69},[47,32423,385],{"class":65},[47,32425,75],{"class":61},[47,32427,398],{"class":65},[47,32429,81],{"class":69},[47,32431,385],{"class":65},[47,32433,172],{"class":61},[47,32435,30883],{"class":349},[47,32437,75],{"class":61},[47,32439,398],{"class":65},[47,32441,90],{"class":69},[47,32443,385],{"class":65},[47,32445,172],{"class":61},[47,32447,398],{"class":65},[47,32449,16641],{"class":69},[47,32451,385],{"class":65},[47,32453,421],{"class":61},[20,32455,32456,32457,110],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[210,32458,17207],{"href":17206},[33,32460,1641],{"id":1640},[20,32462,11383,32463,172],{},[15,32464,1636],{},[174,32466,32467,32474,32478,32481,32484],{},[177,32468,13223,32469,32471,32472],{},[15,32470,1636],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32473,269],{},[177,32475,1968,32476,13231],{},[15,32477,1636],{},[177,32479,32480],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[177,32482,32483],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[177,32485,32486],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32488,32489],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[38,32491,32493],{"className":40,"code":32492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32494,32495,32505,32519,32533,32555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32496,32497,32499,32501,32503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32498,139],{"class":138},[47,32500,117],{"class":61},[47,32502,12083],{"class":113},[47,32504,132],{"class":61},[47,32506,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32508,139],{"class":138},[47,32510,117],{"class":61},[47,32512,2392],{"class":106},[47,32514,117],{"class":61},[47,32516,898],{"class":113},[47,32518,2266],{"class":61},[47,32520,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,32522,139],{"class":138},[47,32524,117],{"class":61},[47,32526,1892],{"class":106},[47,32528,117],{"class":61},[47,32530,898],{"class":113},[47,32532,2266],{"class":61},[47,32534,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,32536,139],{"class":138},[47,32538,117],{"class":61},[47,32540,12083],{"class":113},[47,32542,110],{"class":61},[47,32544,20151],{"class":113},[47,32546,117],{"class":61},[47,32548,385],{"class":65},[47,32550,1099],{"class":69},[47,32552,385],{"class":65},[47,32554,2266],{"class":61},[47,32556,32557,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,32558,32559],{"class":138},"help",[47,32561,117],{"class":61},[47,32563,198],{"class":106},[47,32565,110],{"class":61},[47,32567,30870],{"class":25153},[47,32569,132],{"class":61},[20,32571,32572],{},"These can help you check:",[174,32574,32575,32578,32583,32586,32589],{},[177,32576,32577],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[177,32579,32580,32581],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32582,1636],{},[177,32584,32585],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[177,32587,32588],{},"Whether a key exists",[177,32590,32591],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32593,32594,32595,110],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[210,32596,11897],{"href":11710},[33,32598,2429],{"id":2428},[244,32600,2433,32602,32604],{"id":32601},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32603,1636],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32606,32607,32608,110],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32609,269],{},[244,32611,2433,32613,32615],{"id":32612},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32614,1636],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32617,32618],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[244,32620,5813,32622,32624],{"id":32621},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32623,1636],{}," add new keys?",[20,32626,32627],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[244,32629,28733,32631,32633],{"id":32630},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32632,1636],{}," with a list?",[20,32635,32636,32637,110],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32638,11731],{},[244,32640,5823,32642,32644],{"id":32641},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32643,1636],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32646,32647,32648,32650],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32649,1636],{}," can change many keys at once.",[33,32652,2526],{"id":2525},[174,32654,32655,32659,32663,32668,32672],{},[177,32656,32657],{},[210,32658,26499],{"href":10030},[177,32660,32661],{},[210,32662,2542],{"href":11368},[177,32664,32665],{},[210,32666,32667],{"href":31492},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[177,32669,32670],{},[210,32671,21859],{"href":17206},[177,32673,32674],{},[210,32675,11897],{"href":11710},[2563,32677,32678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":32680},[32681,32682,32684,32685,32687,32689,32690,32691,32693,32694,32706],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":30925,"depth":98,"text":32683},"What update() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":31285,"depth":98,"text":32686},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31496,"depth":98,"text":32688},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31737,"depth":98,"text":31738},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":32220,"depth":98,"text":32692},"When to use update()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":32695},[32696,32698,32700,32702,32704],{"id":32601,"depth":135,"text":32697},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32612,"depth":135,"text":32699},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32621,"depth":135,"text":32701},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32630,"depth":135,"text":32703},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32641,"depth":135,"text":32705},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30803,"description":32707},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32713,"title":32714,"body":32715,"description":34704,"extension":2611,"meta":34705,"navigation":357,"path":23297,"seo":34706,"stem":34707,"__hash__":34708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32716,"toc":34667},[32717,32722,32729,32732,32734,32833,32835,32890,32895,32900,32914,32919,32921,32936,32938,32952,32965,32970,32976,32983,32985,33092,33094,33143,33149,33224,33226,33247,33249,33252,33357,33359,33414,33416,33444,33448,33453,33532,33534,33554,33556,33567,33577,33581,33586,33690,33692,33717,33720,33731,33736,33745,33748,33765,33767,33854,33856,33919,33921,33944,33946,33951,33957,33962,33964,34003,34009,34012,34031,34042,34048,34051,34124,34126,34145,34150,34153,34176,34182,34185,34249,34252,34329,34336,34339,34398,34404,34406,34425,34429,34432,34483,34486,34506,34508,34569,34571,34576,34581,34586,34591,34596,34601,34607,34610,34619,34627,34629,34664],[10,32718,13,32720,18],{"id":32719},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32721,17680],{},[20,32723,32724,32725,32728],{},"The Python ",[15,32726,32727],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32730,32731],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[33,32733,36],{"id":35},[38,32735,32737],{"className":40,"code":32736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32738,32739,32791,32805,32809,32819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32740,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32742,13491],{"class":53},[47,32744,58],{"class":57},[47,32746,1096],{"class":61},[47,32748,66],{"class":65},[47,32750,70],{"class":69},[47,32752,66],{"class":65},[47,32754,172],{"class":61},[47,32756,78],{"class":65},[47,32758,13508],{"class":69},[47,32760,66],{"class":65},[47,32762,75],{"class":61},[47,32764,78],{"class":65},[47,32766,81],{"class":69},[47,32768,66],{"class":65},[47,32770,172],{"class":61},[47,32772,8436],{"class":349},[47,32774,75],{"class":61},[47,32776,78],{"class":65},[47,32778,90],{"class":69},[47,32780,66],{"class":65},[47,32782,172],{"class":61},[47,32784,78],{"class":65},[47,32786,16641],{"class":69},[47,32788,66],{"class":65},[47,32790,421],{"class":61},[47,32792,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32794,4470],{"class":53},[47,32796,58],{"class":57},[47,32798,13534],{"class":53},[47,32800,110],{"class":61},[47,32802,6003],{"class":113},[47,32804,9288],{"class":61},[47,32806,32807],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,32808,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,32810,32811,32813,32815,32817],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,32812,139],{"class":138},[47,32814,117],{"class":61},[47,32816,6003],{"class":113},[47,32818,132],{"class":61},[47,32820,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,32822,139],{"class":138},[47,32824,117],{"class":61},[47,32826,1892],{"class":106},[47,32828,117],{"class":61},[47,32830,6003],{"class":113},[47,32832,2266],{"class":61},[20,32834,372],{},[38,32836,32838],{"className":40,"code":32837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32839,32840,32866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32841,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32843,17646],{"class":113},[47,32845,1258],{"class":61},[47,32847,385],{"class":65},[47,32849,13508],{"class":69},[47,32851,385],{"class":65},[47,32853,75],{"class":61},[47,32855,8436],{"class":349},[47,32857,75],{"class":61},[47,32859,398],{"class":65},[47,32861,16641],{"class":69},[47,32863,385],{"class":65},[47,32865,2166],{"class":61},[47,32867,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,32869,669],{"class":61},[47,32871,385],{"class":65},[47,32873,13508],{"class":69},[47,32875,385],{"class":65},[47,32877,75],{"class":61},[47,32879,8436],{"class":349},[47,32881,75],{"class":61},[47,32883,398],{"class":65},[47,32885,16641],{"class":69},[47,32887,385],{"class":65},[47,32889,95],{"class":61},[20,32891,32892,32894],{},[15,32893,17680],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[33,32896,164,32898,167],{"id":32897},"what-values-does",[15,32899,17680],{},[174,32901,32902,32905,32908,32911],{},[177,32903,32904],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[177,32906,32907],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[177,32909,32910],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[177,32912,32913],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32915,32916,32917,110],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[210,32918,449],{"href":10030},[33,32920,2806],{"id":2805},[38,32922,32924],{"className":40,"code":32923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32925,32926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32927,32928,32930,32932,32934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32929,12083],{"class":53},[47,32931,110],{"class":61},[47,32933,6003],{"class":113},[47,32935,9288],{"class":61},[20,32937,13677],{},[174,32939,32940,32944,32947],{},[177,32941,32942,12099],{},[15,32943,17680],{},[177,32945,32946],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[177,32948,32949,32950],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32951,17680],{},[20,32953,32954,32955,5036,32960,110],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[210,32956,32957,32959],{"href":17671},[15,32958,17674],{}," for dictionary keys",[210,32961,32962,32964],{"href":17684},[15,32963,17687],{}," for key-value pairs",[33,32966,164,32968,12336],{"id":32967},"what-values-returns",[15,32969,17680],{},[20,32971,32972,22377,32974,25167],{},[15,32973,17680],{},[15,32975,17646],{},[20,32977,32978,32979,32982],{},"This object is a ",[278,32980,32981],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32984,603],{},[38,32986,32988],{"className":40,"code":32987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32989,32990,33026,33030,33045,33056,33060,33082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32991,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32993,101],{"class":53},[47,32995,58],{"class":57},[47,32997,1096],{"class":61},[47,32999,66],{"class":65},[47,33001,70],{"class":69},[47,33003,66],{"class":65},[47,33005,172],{"class":61},[47,33007,78],{"class":65},[47,33009,8568],{"class":69},[47,33011,66],{"class":65},[47,33013,75],{"class":61},[47,33015,78],{"class":65},[47,33017,81],{"class":69},[47,33019,66],{"class":65},[47,33021,172],{"class":61},[47,33023,9946],{"class":349},[47,33025,421],{"class":61},[47,33027,33028],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33029,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33031,33032,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33033,33034],{"class":53},"values_view ",[47,33036,58],{"class":57},[47,33038,13869],{"class":53},[47,33040,110],{"class":61},[47,33042,6003],{"class":113},[47,33044,9288],{"class":61},[47,33046,33047,33049,33051,33054],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,33048,139],{"class":138},[47,33050,117],{"class":61},[47,33052,33053],{"class":113},"values_view",[47,33055,132],{"class":61},[47,33057,33058],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,33059,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33061,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,33063,144],{"class":53},[47,33065,669],{"class":61},[47,33067,66],{"class":65},[47,33069,90],{"class":69},[47,33071,66],{"class":65},[47,33073,678],{"class":61},[47,33075,681],{"class":57},[47,33077,78],{"class":65},[47,33079,31049],{"class":69},[47,33081,689],{"class":65},[47,33083,33084,33086,33088,33090],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,33085,139],{"class":138},[47,33087,117],{"class":61},[47,33089,33053],{"class":113},[47,33091,132],{"class":61},[20,33093,372],{},[38,33095,33097],{"className":40,"code":33096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33098,33099,33117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33100,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33102,17646],{"class":113},[47,33104,1258],{"class":61},[47,33106,385],{"class":65},[47,33108,8568],{"class":69},[47,33110,385],{"class":65},[47,33112,75],{"class":61},[47,33114,9946],{"class":349},[47,33116,2166],{"class":61},[47,33118,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33120,17646],{"class":113},[47,33122,1258],{"class":61},[47,33124,385],{"class":65},[47,33126,8568],{"class":69},[47,33128,385],{"class":65},[47,33130,75],{"class":61},[47,33132,9946],{"class":349},[47,33134,75],{"class":61},[47,33136,398],{"class":65},[47,33138,31049],{"class":69},[47,33140,385],{"class":65},[47,33142,2166],{"class":61},[20,33144,33145,33146,110],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33147,33148],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[38,33150,33152],{"className":40,"code":33151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33153,33154,33190,33209,33213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33155,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33157,101],{"class":53},[47,33159,58],{"class":57},[47,33161,1096],{"class":61},[47,33163,66],{"class":65},[47,33165,70],{"class":69},[47,33167,66],{"class":65},[47,33169,172],{"class":61},[47,33171,78],{"class":65},[47,33173,8568],{"class":69},[47,33175,66],{"class":65},[47,33177,75],{"class":61},[47,33179,78],{"class":65},[47,33181,81],{"class":69},[47,33183,66],{"class":65},[47,33185,172],{"class":61},[47,33187,9946],{"class":349},[47,33189,421],{"class":61},[47,33191,33192,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33193,33194],{"class":53},"values_list ",[47,33196,58],{"class":57},[47,33198,22962],{"class":106},[47,33200,117],{"class":61},[47,33202,144],{"class":113},[47,33204,110],{"class":61},[47,33206,6003],{"class":113},[47,33208,7839],{"class":61},[47,33210,33211],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33212,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33214,33215,33217,33219,33222],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,33216,139],{"class":138},[47,33218,117],{"class":61},[47,33220,33221],{"class":113},"values_list",[47,33223,132],{"class":61},[20,33225,372],{},[38,33227,33229],{"className":40,"code":33228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33230,33231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33232,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33234,669],{"class":61},[47,33236,385],{"class":65},[47,33238,8568],{"class":69},[47,33240,385],{"class":65},[47,33242,75],{"class":61},[47,33244,9946],{"class":349},[47,33246,95],{"class":61},[33,33248,12109],{"id":12108},[20,33250,33251],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[38,33253,33255],{"className":40,"code":33254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33256,33257,33311,33315,33329,33333,33343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33258,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33292,33294,33296,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33260,25199],{"class":53},[47,33262,58],{"class":57},[47,33264,1096],{"class":61},[47,33266,66],{"class":65},[47,33268,25208],{"class":69},[47,33270,66],{"class":65},[47,33272,172],{"class":61},[47,33274,78],{"class":65},[47,33276,25217],{"class":69},[47,33278,66],{"class":65},[47,33280,75],{"class":61},[47,33282,78],{"class":65},[47,33284,25226],{"class":69},[47,33286,66],{"class":65},[47,33288,172],{"class":61},[47,33290,33291],{"class":349}," 2022",[47,33293,75],{"class":61},[47,33295,78],{"class":65},[47,33297,33298],{"class":69},"color",[47,33300,66],{"class":65},[47,33302,172],{"class":61},[47,33304,78],{"class":65},[47,33306,323],{"class":69},[47,33308,66],{"class":65},[47,33310,421],{"class":61},[47,33312,33313],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33314,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33316,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33318,2879],{"class":53},[47,33320,58],{"class":57},[47,33322,25248],{"class":53},[47,33324,110],{"class":61},[47,33326,6003],{"class":113},[47,33328,9288],{"class":61},[47,33330,33331],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,33332,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33334,33335,33337,33339,33341],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,33336,139],{"class":138},[47,33338,117],{"class":61},[47,33340,2914],{"class":113},[47,33342,132],{"class":61},[47,33344,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,33346,139],{"class":138},[47,33348,117],{"class":61},[47,33350,1892],{"class":106},[47,33352,117],{"class":61},[47,33354,2914],{"class":113},[47,33356,2266],{"class":61},[20,33358,372],{},[38,33360,33362],{"className":40,"code":33361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33363,33364,33390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33365,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33367,17646],{"class":113},[47,33369,1258],{"class":61},[47,33371,385],{"class":65},[47,33373,25217],{"class":69},[47,33375,385],{"class":65},[47,33377,75],{"class":61},[47,33379,33291],{"class":349},[47,33381,75],{"class":61},[47,33383,398],{"class":65},[47,33385,323],{"class":69},[47,33387,385],{"class":65},[47,33389,2166],{"class":61},[47,33391,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33393,669],{"class":61},[47,33395,385],{"class":65},[47,33397,25217],{"class":69},[47,33399,385],{"class":65},[47,33401,75],{"class":61},[47,33403,33291],{"class":349},[47,33405,75],{"class":61},[47,33407,398],{"class":65},[47,33409,323],{"class":69},[47,33411,385],{"class":65},[47,33413,95],{"class":61},[20,33415,424],{},[174,33417,33418,33424,33430,33438],{},[177,33419,33420,33423],{},[15,33421,33422],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[177,33425,33426,33429],{},[15,33427,33428],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[177,33431,33432,33435,33436,25020],{},[15,33433,33434],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33437,17646],{},[177,33439,33440,33443],{},[15,33441,33442],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[33,33445,33447],{"id":33446},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33449,33450,33451,26468],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33452,6601],{},[38,33454,33456],{"className":40,"code":33455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33457,33458,33502,33506,33522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33459,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33461,1311],{"class":53},[47,33463,58],{"class":57},[47,33465,1096],{"class":61},[47,33467,66],{"class":65},[47,33469,1326],{"class":69},[47,33471,66],{"class":65},[47,33473,172],{"class":61},[47,33475,20299],{"class":349},[47,33477,75],{"class":61},[47,33479,78],{"class":65},[47,33481,31559],{"class":69},[47,33483,66],{"class":65},[47,33485,172],{"class":61},[47,33487,14127],{"class":349},[47,33489,75],{"class":61},[47,33491,78],{"class":65},[47,33493,1335],{"class":69},[47,33495,66],{"class":65},[47,33497,172],{"class":61},[47,33499,29325],{"class":349},[47,33501,421],{"class":61},[47,33503,33504],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33505,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33507,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33509,6601],{"class":1107},[47,33511,21986],{"class":53},[47,33513,1114],{"class":1107},[47,33515,5753],{"class":53},[47,33517,110],{"class":61},[47,33519,6003],{"class":113},[47,33521,21997],{"class":61},[47,33523,33524,33526,33528,33530],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,33525,8715],{"class":138},[47,33527,117],{"class":61},[47,33529,259],{"class":113},[47,33531,132],{"class":61},[20,33533,372],{},[38,33535,33537],{"className":40,"code":33536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33538,33539,33544,33549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33540,33541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33542,33543],{"class":349},"90\n",[47,33545,33546],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33547,33548],{"class":349},"85\n",[47,33550,33551],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33552,33553],{"class":349},"88\n",[20,33555,589],{},[174,33557,33558,33561,33564],{},[177,33559,33560],{},"You only need the values",[177,33562,33563],{},"You do not care about the keys",[177,33565,33566],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33568,33569,33570,3530,33574,110],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[210,33571,1633,33572,1637],{"href":17684},[15,33573,17687],{},[210,33575,22877],{"href":33576},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[33,33578,33580],{"id":33579},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33582,156,33583,33585],{},[15,33584,33148],{}," when you need a list.",[38,33587,33589],{"className":40,"code":33588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33590,33591,33637,33641,33661,33665,33676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33592,33593,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33629,33631,33633,33635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33594,33595],{"class":53},"fruit_prices ",[47,33597,58],{"class":57},[47,33599,1096],{"class":61},[47,33601,66],{"class":65},[47,33603,4720],{"class":69},[47,33605,66],{"class":65},[47,33607,172],{"class":61},[47,33609,2409],{"class":349},[47,33611,75],{"class":61},[47,33613,78],{"class":65},[47,33615,4729],{"class":69},[47,33617,66],{"class":65},[47,33619,172],{"class":61},[47,33621,2002],{"class":349},[47,33623,75],{"class":61},[47,33625,78],{"class":65},[47,33627,33628],{"class":69},"orange",[47,33630,66],{"class":65},[47,33632,172],{"class":61},[47,33634,2414],{"class":349},[47,33636,421],{"class":61},[47,33638,33639],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33640,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33642,33643,33646,33648,33650,33652,33655,33657,33659],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33644,33645],{"class":53},"price_list ",[47,33647,58],{"class":57},[47,33649,22962],{"class":106},[47,33651,117],{"class":61},[47,33653,33654],{"class":113},"fruit_prices",[47,33656,110],{"class":61},[47,33658,6003],{"class":113},[47,33660,7839],{"class":61},[47,33662,33663],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,33664,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33666,33667,33669,33671,33674],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,33668,139],{"class":138},[47,33670,117],{"class":61},[47,33672,33673],{"class":113},"price_list",[47,33675,132],{"class":61},[47,33677,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,33679,139],{"class":138},[47,33681,117],{"class":61},[47,33683,33673],{"class":113},[47,33685,669],{"class":61},[47,33687,436],{"class":349},[47,33689,2166],{"class":61},[20,33691,372],{},[38,33693,33695],{"className":40,"code":33694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33696,33697,33713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33698,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33700,669],{"class":61},[47,33702,2705],{"class":349},[47,33704,75],{"class":61},[47,33706,2002],{"class":349},[47,33708,75],{"class":61},[47,33710,2414],{"class":349},[47,33712,95],{"class":61},[47,33714,33715],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33716,17665],{"class":349},[20,33718,33719],{},"This is helpful for:",[174,33721,33722,33725,33728],{},[177,33723,33724],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[177,33726,33727],{},"Accessing values by index",[177,33729,33730],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33732,4565,33733,33735],{},[15,33734,17646],{}," is not the same as a list.",[33,33737,33739,11222,33741,11222,33743],{"id":33738},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33740,17680],{},[15,33742,17674],{},[15,33744,17687],{},[20,33746,33747],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[174,33749,33750,33755,33760],{},[177,33751,33752,33754],{},[15,33753,17680],{}," returns only the values",[177,33756,33757,33759],{},[15,33758,17674],{}," returns only the keys",[177,33761,33762,33764],{},[15,33763,17687],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33766,1237],{},[38,33768,33770],{"className":40,"code":33769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33771,33772,33808,33812,33826,33840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33773,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33775,13491],{"class":53},[47,33777,58],{"class":57},[47,33779,1096],{"class":61},[47,33781,66],{"class":65},[47,33783,70],{"class":69},[47,33785,66],{"class":65},[47,33787,172],{"class":61},[47,33789,78],{"class":65},[47,33791,13508],{"class":69},[47,33793,66],{"class":65},[47,33795,75],{"class":61},[47,33797,78],{"class":65},[47,33799,81],{"class":69},[47,33801,66],{"class":65},[47,33803,172],{"class":61},[47,33805,8436],{"class":349},[47,33807,421],{"class":61},[47,33809,33810],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33811,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,33813,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33815,139],{"class":138},[47,33817,117],{"class":61},[47,33819,14244],{"class":113},[47,33821,110],{"class":61},[47,33823,120],{"class":113},[47,33825,7839],{"class":61},[47,33827,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,33829,139],{"class":138},[47,33831,117],{"class":61},[47,33833,14244],{"class":113},[47,33835,110],{"class":61},[47,33837,6003],{"class":113},[47,33839,7839],{"class":61},[47,33841,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,33843,139],{"class":138},[47,33845,117],{"class":61},[47,33847,14244],{"class":113},[47,33849,110],{"class":61},[47,33851,8456],{"class":113},[47,33853,7839],{"class":61},[20,33855,372],{},[38,33857,33859],{"className":40,"code":33858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33860,33861,33883,33901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33862,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33864,17623],{"class":113},[47,33866,1258],{"class":61},[47,33868,385],{"class":65},[47,33870,70],{"class":69},[47,33872,385],{"class":65},[47,33874,75],{"class":61},[47,33876,398],{"class":65},[47,33878,81],{"class":69},[47,33880,385],{"class":65},[47,33882,2166],{"class":61},[47,33884,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33886,17646],{"class":113},[47,33888,1258],{"class":61},[47,33890,385],{"class":65},[47,33892,13508],{"class":69},[47,33894,385],{"class":65},[47,33896,75],{"class":61},[47,33898,8436],{"class":349},[47,33900,2166],{"class":61},[47,33902,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,33904,22310],{"class":113},[47,33906,10296],{"class":61},[47,33908,385],{"class":65},[47,33910,70],{"class":69},[47,33912,385],{"class":65},[47,33914,75],{"class":61},[47,33916,8436],{"class":349},[47,33918,11316],{"class":61},[20,33920,1613],{},[174,33922,33923,33930,33937],{},[177,33924,33925,33929],{},[210,33926,33927],{"href":17671},[15,33928,17674],{}," when you need just the keys",[177,33931,33932,33936],{},[210,33933,33934],{"href":17677},[15,33935,17680],{}," when you need just the values",[177,33938,33939,33943],{},[210,33940,33941],{"href":17684},[15,33942,17687],{}," when you need both",[33,33945,5162],{"id":5161},[20,33947,33948,33949,110],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33950,17680],{},[244,33952,30055,33954,33956],{"id":33953},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33955,17680],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33958,33959,33961],{},[15,33960,17680],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33963,17253],{},[38,33965,33967],{"className":40,"code":33966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33968,33969,33989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33970,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33972,8954],{"class":53},[47,33974,58],{"class":57},[47,33976,62],{"class":61},[47,33978,917],{"class":349},[47,33980,75],{"class":61},[47,33982,2409],{"class":349},[47,33984,75],{"class":61},[47,33986,2414],{"class":349},[47,33988,95],{"class":61},[47,33990,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,33992,139],{"class":138},[47,33994,117],{"class":61},[47,33996,8985],{"class":113},[47,33998,110],{"class":61},[47,34000,6003],{"class":113},[47,34002,7839],{"class":61},[20,34004,34005,34006,34008],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34007,17680],{}," method.",[20,34010,34011],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[38,34013,34015],{"className":40,"code":34014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34016,34017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34018,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34020,139],{"class":138},[47,34022,117],{"class":61},[47,34024,2392],{"class":106},[47,34026,117],{"class":61},[47,34028,8985],{"class":113},[47,34030,2266],{"class":61},[20,34032,34033,34034,34036,34037,110],{},"If you get an ",[15,34035,26075],{},", see ",[210,34038,26083,34039,34041],{"href":26082},[15,34040,26086],{}," errors",[244,34043,5223,34045,34047],{"id":34044},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34046,17680],{}," returns a list",[20,34049,34050],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[38,34052,34054],{"className":40,"code":34053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34055,34056,34092,34106,34110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34057,34058,34060,34062,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072,34074,34076,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34059,13491],{"class":53},[47,34061,58],{"class":57},[47,34063,1096],{"class":61},[47,34065,66],{"class":65},[47,34067,70],{"class":69},[47,34069,66],{"class":65},[47,34071,172],{"class":61},[47,34073,78],{"class":65},[47,34075,13508],{"class":69},[47,34077,66],{"class":65},[47,34079,75],{"class":61},[47,34081,78],{"class":65},[47,34083,81],{"class":69},[47,34085,66],{"class":65},[47,34087,172],{"class":61},[47,34089,8436],{"class":349},[47,34091,421],{"class":61},[47,34093,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34095,4470],{"class":53},[47,34097,58],{"class":57},[47,34099,13534],{"class":53},[47,34101,110],{"class":61},[47,34103,6003],{"class":113},[47,34105,9288],{"class":61},[47,34107,34108],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,34109,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,34111,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,34113,139],{"class":138},[47,34115,117],{"class":61},[47,34117,2392],{"class":106},[47,34119,117],{"class":61},[47,34121,6003],{"class":113},[47,34123,2266],{"class":61},[20,34125,372],{},[38,34127,34129],{"className":40,"code":34128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34130,34131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34132,34133,34135,34137,34139,34141,34143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34134,3941],{"class":57},[47,34136,3944],{"class":2714},[47,34138,398],{"class":65},[47,34140,17646],{"class":69},[47,34142,385],{"class":65},[47,34144,3953],{"class":57},[20,34146,5791,34147,34149],{},[15,34148,17646],{},", not a list.",[20,34151,34152],{},"If you need a list:",[38,34154,34156],{"className":40,"code":34155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34157,34158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34159,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170,34172,34174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34161,4470],{"class":53},[47,34163,58],{"class":57},[47,34165,22962],{"class":106},[47,34167,117],{"class":61},[47,34169,14244],{"class":113},[47,34171,110],{"class":61},[47,34173,6003],{"class":113},[47,34175,7839],{"class":61},[244,34177,34179,34180],{"id":34178},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34181,17646],{},[20,34183,34184],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[38,34186,34188],{"className":40,"code":34187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34189,34190,34226,34240,34244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34191,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34193,13491],{"class":53},[47,34195,58],{"class":57},[47,34197,1096],{"class":61},[47,34199,66],{"class":65},[47,34201,70],{"class":69},[47,34203,66],{"class":65},[47,34205,172],{"class":61},[47,34207,78],{"class":65},[47,34209,13508],{"class":69},[47,34211,66],{"class":65},[47,34213,75],{"class":61},[47,34215,78],{"class":65},[47,34217,81],{"class":69},[47,34219,66],{"class":65},[47,34221,172],{"class":61},[47,34223,8436],{"class":349},[47,34225,421],{"class":61},[47,34227,34228,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34229,4470],{"class":53},[47,34231,58],{"class":57},[47,34233,13534],{"class":53},[47,34235,110],{"class":61},[47,34237,6003],{"class":113},[47,34239,9288],{"class":61},[47,34241,34242],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,34243,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,34245,34246],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,34247,34248],{"class":152},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34250,34251],{},"Convert to a list first:",[38,34253,34255],{"className":40,"code":34254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34256,34257,34293,34311,34315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34258,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34260,13491],{"class":53},[47,34262,58],{"class":57},[47,34264,1096],{"class":61},[47,34266,66],{"class":65},[47,34268,70],{"class":69},[47,34270,66],{"class":65},[47,34272,172],{"class":61},[47,34274,78],{"class":65},[47,34276,13508],{"class":69},[47,34278,66],{"class":65},[47,34280,75],{"class":61},[47,34282,78],{"class":65},[47,34284,81],{"class":69},[47,34286,66],{"class":65},[47,34288,172],{"class":61},[47,34290,8436],{"class":349},[47,34292,421],{"class":61},[47,34294,34295,34297,34299,34301,34303,34305,34307,34309],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34296,4470],{"class":53},[47,34298,58],{"class":57},[47,34300,22962],{"class":106},[47,34302,117],{"class":61},[47,34304,14244],{"class":113},[47,34306,110],{"class":61},[47,34308,6003],{"class":113},[47,34310,7839],{"class":61},[47,34312,34313],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,34314,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,34316,34317,34319,34321,34323,34325,34327],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,34318,139],{"class":138},[47,34320,117],{"class":61},[47,34322,6003],{"class":113},[47,34324,669],{"class":61},[47,34326,436],{"class":349},[47,34328,2166],{"class":61},[244,34330,453,34332,11728,34334],{"id":34331},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34333,6003],{},[15,34335,17680],{},[20,34337,34338],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[38,34340,34342],{"className":40,"code":34341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34343,34344,34380,34384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34345,34346,34348,34350,34352,34354,34356,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376,34378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34347,13491],{"class":53},[47,34349,58],{"class":57},[47,34351,1096],{"class":61},[47,34353,66],{"class":65},[47,34355,70],{"class":69},[47,34357,66],{"class":65},[47,34359,172],{"class":61},[47,34361,78],{"class":65},[47,34363,13508],{"class":69},[47,34365,66],{"class":65},[47,34367,75],{"class":61},[47,34369,78],{"class":65},[47,34371,81],{"class":69},[47,34373,66],{"class":65},[47,34375,172],{"class":61},[47,34377,8436],{"class":349},[47,34379,421],{"class":61},[47,34381,34382],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34383,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,34385,34386,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,34387,139],{"class":138},[47,34389,117],{"class":61},[47,34391,14244],{"class":113},[47,34393,110],{"class":61},[47,34395,6003],{"class":25153},[47,34397,132],{"class":61},[20,34399,34400,34403],{},[15,34401,34402],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34405,1613],{},[38,34407,34409],{"className":40,"code":34408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34410,34411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34412,34413,34415,34417,34419,34421,34423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34414,139],{"class":138},[47,34416,117],{"class":61},[47,34418,14244],{"class":113},[47,34420,110],{"class":61},[47,34422,6003],{"class":113},[47,34424,7839],{"class":61},[244,34426,34428],{"id":34427},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34430,34431],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[38,34433,34435],{"className":40,"code":34434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34436,34437,34469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34438,34439,34441,34443,34445,34447,34449,34451,34453,34455,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465,34467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34440,872],{"class":53},[47,34442,58],{"class":57},[47,34444,1096],{"class":61},[47,34446,66],{"class":65},[47,34448,210],{"class":69},[47,34450,66],{"class":65},[47,34452,172],{"class":61},[47,34454,2002],{"class":349},[47,34456,75],{"class":61},[47,34458,78],{"class":65},[47,34460,854],{"class":69},[47,34462,66],{"class":65},[47,34464,172],{"class":61},[47,34466,2409],{"class":349},[47,34468,421],{"class":61},[47,34470,34471,34473,34475,34477,34479,34481],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34472,139],{"class":138},[47,34474,117],{"class":61},[47,34476,898],{"class":113},[47,34478,110],{"class":61},[47,34480,6003],{"class":113},[47,34482,7839],{"class":61},[20,34484,34485],{},"Not like this:",[38,34487,34489],{"className":40,"code":34488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34490,34491,34496,34501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34492,34493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34494,34495],{"class":152},"# Wrong examples:\n",[47,34497,34498],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34499,34500],{"class":152},"# data().values()\n",[47,34502,34503],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,34504,34505],{"class":152},"# values(data)\n",[20,34507,3990],{},[38,34509,34511],{"className":40,"code":34510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34512,34513,34527,34537,34551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34514,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523,34525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34516,139],{"class":138},[47,34518,117],{"class":61},[47,34520,2392],{"class":106},[47,34522,117],{"class":61},[47,34524,12083],{"class":113},[47,34526,2266],{"class":61},[47,34528,34529,34531,34533,34535],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34530,139],{"class":138},[47,34532,117],{"class":61},[47,34534,12083],{"class":113},[47,34536,132],{"class":61},[47,34538,34539,34541,34543,34545,34547,34549],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,34540,139],{"class":138},[47,34542,117],{"class":61},[47,34544,12083],{"class":113},[47,34546,110],{"class":61},[47,34548,6003],{"class":113},[47,34550,7839],{"class":61},[47,34552,34553,34555,34557,34559,34561,34563,34565,34567],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,34554,139],{"class":138},[47,34556,117],{"class":61},[47,34558,1892],{"class":106},[47,34560,117],{"class":61},[47,34562,12083],{"class":113},[47,34564,110],{"class":61},[47,34566,6003],{"class":113},[47,34568,6934],{"class":61},[33,34570,2429],{"id":2428},[244,34572,5785,34574,5788],{"id":34573},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34575,32727],{},[20,34577,276,34578,34580],{},[15,34579,17646],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[244,34582,2433,34584,24334],{"id":34583},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34585,17680],{},[20,34587,24337,34588,24341],{},[15,34589,34590],{},"list(...)",[244,34592,26460,34594,3143],{"id":34593},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34595,32727],{},[20,34597,34598,34599,26468],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34600,6601],{},[244,34602,2433,34604,34606],{"id":34603},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34605,32727],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34608,34609],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[244,34611,34613,34614,34616,34617,3143],{"id":34612},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34615,17680],{}," different from ",[15,34618,17687],{},[20,34620,34621,34623,34624,34626],{},[15,34622,17680],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34625,17687],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[33,34628,2526],{"id":2525},[174,34630,34631,34637,34643,34647,34653,34657],{},[177,34632,34633],{},[210,34634,1633,34635,1637],{"href":17671},[15,34636,17674],{},[177,34638,34639],{},[210,34640,1633,34641,1637],{"href":17684},[15,34642,17687],{},[177,34644,34645],{},[210,34646,2533],{"href":10030},[177,34648,34649],{},[210,34650,34652],{"href":34651},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[177,34654,34655],{},[210,34656,24419],{"href":33576},[177,34658,34659],{},[210,34660,30753,34661],{"href":26082},[15,34662,34663],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2563,34665,34666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":34668},[34669,34670,34672,34673,34675,34676,34677,34678,34680,34691,34703],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":32897,"depth":98,"text":34671},"What values() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":32967,"depth":98,"text":34674},"What values() returns",{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":33446,"depth":98,"text":33447},{"id":33579,"depth":98,"text":33580},{"id":33738,"depth":98,"text":34679},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":34681},[34682,34684,34686,34688,34690],{"id":33953,"depth":135,"text":34683},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34044,"depth":135,"text":34685},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34178,"depth":135,"text":34687},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34331,"depth":135,"text":34689},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34427,"depth":135,"text":34428},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":34692},[34693,34695,34697,34699,34701],{"id":34573,"depth":135,"text":34694},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34583,"depth":135,"text":34696},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34593,"depth":135,"text":34698},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34603,"depth":135,"text":34700},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34612,"depth":135,"text":34702},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32714,"description":34704},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34710,"title":34711,"body":34712,"description":36143,"extension":2611,"meta":36144,"navigation":357,"path":36145,"seo":36146,"stem":36147,"__hash__":36148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34713,"toc":36095},[34714,34720,34725,34728,34744,34753,34755,34787,34793,34796,34891,34894,34899,34904,34907,34918,34920,34934,34940,34942,34947,34953,34956,34995,35003,35008,35011,35056,35059,35071,35077,35083,35087,35120,35123,35141,35144,35148,35187,35189,35209,35212,35224,35229,35235,35238,35293,35296,35307,35310,35321,35324,35328,35334,35336,35366,35369,35384,35387,35390,35409,35412,35428,35437,35439,35470,35476,35481,35484,35491,35522,35525,35547,35550,35553,35567,35571,35602,35617,35624,35631,35635,35643,35647,35655,35658,35707,35718,35720,35723,35729,35734,35744,35748,35751,35754,35758,35761,35763,35784,35788,35794,35805,35811,35813,35819,35843,35846,35909,35912,35940,35943,36005,36007,36012,36015,36022,36030,36037,36040,36048,36054,36056,36083,36092],[10,34715,4226,34717,4230],{"id":34716},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34718,34719],{},"dir()",[20,34721,32724,34722,34724],{},[15,34723,34719],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34726,34727],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[174,34729,34730,34733,34736,34741],{},[177,34731,34732],{},"learning Python",[177,34734,34735],{},"exploring a new object",[177,34737,34738,34739],{},"debugging an ",[15,34740,26075],{},[177,34742,34743],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34745,34746,34747,34749,34750],{},"In short, ",[15,34748,34719],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[278,34751,34752],{},"“What can I use here?”",[33,34754,36],{"id":35},[38,34756,34758],{"className":40,"code":34757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34759,34760,34772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34761,34762,34764,34766,34768,34770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34763,8523],{"class":53},[47,34765,58],{"class":57},[47,34767,78],{"class":65},[47,34769,4492],{"class":69},[47,34771,689],{"class":65},[47,34773,34774,34776,34778,34781,34783,34785],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34775,139],{"class":138},[47,34777,117],{"class":61},[47,34779,34780],{"class":138},"dir",[47,34782,117],{"class":61},[47,34784,70],{"class":113},[47,34786,2266],{"class":61},[20,34788,156,34789,34792],{},[15,34790,34791],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34794,34795],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[38,34797,34799],{"className":40,"code":34798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34800,34801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34802,34803,34805,34807,34810,34812,34814,34816,34819,34821,34823,34825,34828,34830,34832,34834,34837,34839,34841,34843,34846,34848,34850,34852,34855,34857,34859,34863,34865,34867,34869,34871,34873,34875,34878,34880,34882,34884,34887,34889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34804,669],{"class":61},[47,34806,385],{"class":65},[47,34808,34809],{"class":69},"__add__",[47,34811,385],{"class":65},[47,34813,75],{"class":61},[47,34815,398],{"class":65},[47,34817,34818],{"class":69},"__class__",[47,34820,385],{"class":65},[47,34822,75],{"class":61},[47,34824,398],{"class":65},[47,34826,34827],{"class":69},"__contains__",[47,34829,385],{"class":65},[47,34831,75],{"class":61},[47,34833,398],{"class":65},[47,34835,34836],{"class":69},"__delattr__",[47,34838,385],{"class":65},[47,34840,75],{"class":61},[47,34842,398],{"class":65},[47,34844,34845],{"class":69},"__dir__",[47,34847,385],{"class":65},[47,34849,75],{"class":61},[47,34851,398],{"class":65},[47,34853,34854],{"class":69},"__doc__",[47,34856,385],{"class":65},[47,34858,75],{"class":61},[47,34860,34862],{"class":34861},"s_hVV"," ...",[47,34864,75],{"class":61},[47,34866,398],{"class":65},[47,34868,9285],{"class":69},[47,34870,385],{"class":65},[47,34872,75],{"class":61},[47,34874,398],{"class":65},[47,34876,34877],{"class":69},"split",[47,34879,385],{"class":65},[47,34881,75],{"class":61},[47,34883,398],{"class":65},[47,34885,34886],{"class":69},"upper",[47,34888,385],{"class":65},[47,34890,95],{"class":61},[20,34892,34893],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[33,34895,164,34897,167],{"id":34896},"what-dir-does",[15,34898,34719],{},[20,34900,34901,34903],{},[15,34902,34719],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34905,34906],{},"It usually includes:",[174,34908,34909,34912,34915],{},[177,34910,34911],{},"attributes",[177,34913,34914],{},"methods",[177,34916,34917],{},"special Python names",[20,34919,12092],{},[174,34921,34922,34928,34931],{},[177,34923,34924,34925],{},"The result is a ",[278,34926,34927],{},"list of strings",[177,34929,34930],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[177,34932,34933],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34935,34936,34937,34939],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34938,34719],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[33,34941,2806],{"id":2805},[20,34943,34944,34946],{},[15,34945,34719],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[244,34948,34950,34952],{"id":34949},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34951,34719],{}," with no argument",[20,34954,34955],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[38,34957,34959],{"className":40,"code":34958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34960,34961,34969,34981,34985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34962,34963,34965,34967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34964,3675],{"class":53},[47,34966,58],{"class":57},[47,34968,3239],{"class":349},[47,34970,34971,34973,34975,34977,34979],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,34972,8523],{"class":53},[47,34974,58],{"class":57},[47,34976,78],{"class":65},[47,34978,8322],{"class":69},[47,34980,689],{"class":65},[47,34982,34983],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,34984,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,34986,34987,34989,34991,34993],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,34988,139],{"class":138},[47,34990,117],{"class":61},[47,34992,34780],{"class":138},[47,34994,7839],{"class":61},[20,34996,34997,34998,5036,35000,35002],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34999,1995],{},[15,35001,70],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[244,35004,35006],{"id":35005},"dirobject",[15,35007,34791],{},[20,35009,35010],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[38,35012,35014],{"className":40,"code":35013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35015,35016,35034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35017,35018,35020,35022,35024,35026,35028,35030,35032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35019,139],{"class":138},[47,35021,117],{"class":61},[47,35023,34780],{"class":138},[47,35025,117],{"class":61},[47,35027,66],{"class":65},[47,35029,4492],{"class":69},[47,35031,66],{"class":65},[47,35033,2266],{"class":61},[47,35035,35036,35038,35040,35042,35044,35046,35048,35050,35052,35054],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35037,139],{"class":138},[47,35039,117],{"class":61},[47,35041,34780],{"class":138},[47,35043,1258],{"class":61},[47,35045,917],{"class":349},[47,35047,75],{"class":61},[47,35049,2409],{"class":349},[47,35051,75],{"class":61},[47,35053,2414],{"class":349},[47,35055,3649],{"class":61},[20,35057,35058],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[174,35060,35061,35063,35065,35068],{},[177,35062,5953],{},[177,35064,5944],{},[177,35066,35067],{},"modules",[177,35069,35070],{},"custom objects",[33,35072,453,35074,35076],{"id":35073},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35075,34719],{}," with a value",[20,35078,35079,35080,35082],{},"A common use of ",[15,35081,34719],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[244,35084,35086],{"id":35085},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[38,35088,35090],{"className":40,"code":35089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35091,35092,35105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35093,35094,35097,35099,35101,35103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35095,35096],{"class":53},"text ",[47,35098,58],{"class":57},[47,35100,78],{"class":65},[47,35102,4492],{"class":69},[47,35104,689],{"class":65},[47,35106,35107,35109,35111,35113,35115,35118],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35108,139],{"class":138},[47,35110,117],{"class":61},[47,35112,34780],{"class":138},[47,35114,117],{"class":61},[47,35116,35117],{"class":113},"text",[47,35119,2266],{"class":61},[20,35121,35122],{},"You will see method names like:",[174,35124,35125,35129,35133,35137],{},[177,35126,35127],{},[15,35128,9285],{},[177,35130,35131],{},[15,35132,34886],{},[177,35134,35135],{},[15,35136,34877],{},[177,35138,35139],{},[15,35140,9279],{},[20,35142,35143],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[244,35145,35147],{"id":35146},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[38,35149,35151],{"className":40,"code":35150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35152,35153,35173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35154,35155,35157,35159,35161,35163,35165,35167,35169,35171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35156,4270],{"class":53},[47,35158,58],{"class":57},[47,35160,62],{"class":61},[47,35162,917],{"class":349},[47,35164,75],{"class":61},[47,35166,2409],{"class":349},[47,35168,75],{"class":61},[47,35170,2414],{"class":349},[47,35172,95],{"class":61},[47,35174,35175,35177,35179,35181,35183,35185],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35176,139],{"class":138},[47,35178,117],{"class":61},[47,35180,34780],{"class":138},[47,35182,117],{"class":61},[47,35184,4300],{"class":113},[47,35186,2266],{"class":61},[20,35188,35122],{},[174,35190,35191,35195,35199,35204],{},[177,35192,35193],{},[15,35194,912],{},[177,35196,35197],{},[15,35198,26645],{},[177,35200,35201],{},[15,35202,35203],{},"remove",[177,35205,35206],{},[15,35207,35208],{},"sort",[20,35210,35211],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35213,35214,35215,35220,35221,35223],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[210,35216,35218],{"href":35217},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35219,2952],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35222,34719],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[33,35225,453,35227,34952],{"id":35226},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35228,34719],{},[20,35230,35231,35232,35234],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35233,34719],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35236,35237],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[38,35239,35241],{"className":40,"code":35240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35242,35243,35252,35256,35267,35279,35283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35244,35245,35247,35249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35246,3675],{"class":53},[47,35248,58],{"class":57},[47,35250,35251],{"class":349}," 5\n",[47,35253,35254],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35255,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,35257,35258,35261,35265],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,35259,35260],{"class":2714},"def",[47,35262,35264],{"class":35263},"sGLFI"," greet",[47,35266,21997],{"class":61},[47,35268,35269,35272,35274,35277],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,35270,35271],{"class":1107},"    return",[47,35273,78],{"class":65},[47,35275,35276],{"class":69},"Hello",[47,35278,689],{"class":65},[47,35280,35281],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,35282,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,35284,35285,35287,35289,35291],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,35286,139],{"class":138},[47,35288,117],{"class":61},[47,35290,34780],{"class":138},[47,35292,7839],{"class":61},[20,35294,35295],{},"The output will include names like:",[174,35297,35298,35302],{},[177,35299,35300],{},[15,35301,1995],{},[177,35303,35304],{},[15,35305,35306],{},"greet",[20,35308,35309],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[174,35311,35312,35315,35318],{},[177,35313,35314],{},"what variables exist",[177,35316,35317],{},"what functions you have defined",[177,35319,35320],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35322,35323],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[33,35325,35327],{"id":35326},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35329,35330,35331,35333],{},"When you first use ",[15,35332,34719],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35335,603],{},[38,35337,35338],{"className":40,"code":35089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35339,35340,35352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35341,35342,35344,35346,35348,35350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35343,35096],{"class":53},[47,35345,58],{"class":57},[47,35347,78],{"class":65},[47,35349,4492],{"class":69},[47,35351,689],{"class":65},[47,35353,35354,35356,35358,35360,35362,35364],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35355,139],{"class":138},[47,35357,117],{"class":61},[47,35359,34780],{"class":138},[47,35361,117],{"class":61},[47,35363,35117],{"class":113},[47,35365,2266],{"class":61},[20,35367,35368],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[174,35370,35371,35375,35379],{},[177,35372,35373],{},[15,35374,34818],{},[177,35376,35377],{},[15,35378,34854],{},[177,35380,35381],{},[15,35382,35383],{},"__len__",[20,35385,35386],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35388,35389],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[174,35391,35392,35396,35400,35404],{},[177,35393,35394],{},[15,35395,34886],{},[177,35397,35398],{},[15,35399,9285],{},[177,35401,35402],{},[15,35403,34877],{},[177,35405,35406],{},[15,35407,35408],{},"replace",[20,35410,35411],{},"A key point to remember:",[174,35413,35414,35422],{},[177,35415,35416,35418,35419],{},[15,35417,34719],{}," lists ",[278,35420,35421],{},"names only",[177,35423,35424,35425,35427],{},"it does ",[278,35426,1369],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35429,35430,35431,110],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[210,35432,35434],{"href":35433},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35435,35436],{},"help()",[20,35438,6117],{},[38,35440,35442],{"className":40,"code":35441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35443,35444,35456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35445,35446,35448,35450,35452,35454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35447,8523],{"class":53},[47,35449,58],{"class":57},[47,35451,78],{"class":65},[47,35453,4492],{"class":69},[47,35455,689],{"class":65},[47,35457,35458,35460,35462,35464,35466,35468],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35459,32559],{"class":138},[47,35461,117],{"class":61},[47,35463,70],{"class":113},[47,35465,110],{"class":61},[47,35467,34886],{"class":25153},[47,35469,132],{"class":61},[33,35471,35473,35475],{"id":35472},"dir-on-modules",[15,35474,34719],{}," on modules",[20,35477,16324,35478,35480],{},[15,35479,34719],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35482,35483],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[244,35485,35487,35488,35490],{"id":35486},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35489,1326],{}," module",[38,35492,35494],{"className":40,"code":35493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35495,35496,35504,35508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35497,35498,35501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35499,35500],{"class":1107},"import",[47,35502,35503],{"class":53}," math\n",[47,35505,35506],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35507,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,35509,35510,35512,35514,35516,35518,35520],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,35511,139],{"class":138},[47,35513,117],{"class":61},[47,35515,34780],{"class":138},[47,35517,117],{"class":61},[47,35519,1326],{"class":113},[47,35521,2266],{"class":61},[20,35523,35524],{},"You may see names like:",[174,35526,35527,35532,35537,35542],{},[177,35528,35529],{},[15,35530,35531],{},"sqrt",[177,35533,35534],{},[15,35535,35536],{},"ceil",[177,35538,35539],{},[15,35540,35541],{},"floor",[177,35543,35544],{},[15,35545,35546],{},"pi",[20,35548,35549],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35551,35552],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[174,35554,35555,35561],{},[177,35556,35557],{},[210,35558,35560],{"href":35559},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[177,35562,35563],{},[210,35564,35566],{"href":35565},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[244,35568,35570],{"id":35569},"another-example","Another example",[38,35572,35574],{"className":40,"code":35573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35575,35576,35583,35587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35577,35578,35580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35579,35500],{"class":1107},[47,35581,35582],{"class":53}," json\n",[47,35584,35585],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35586,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,35588,35589,35591,35593,35595,35597,35600],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,35590,139],{"class":138},[47,35592,117],{"class":61},[47,35594,34780],{"class":138},[47,35596,117],{"class":61},[47,35598,35599],{"class":113},"json",[47,35601,2266],{"class":61},[20,35603,35604,35605,2838,35608,2838,35611,17681,35614,110],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35606,35607],{},"dump",[15,35609,35610],{},"dumps",[15,35612,35613],{},"load",[15,35615,35616],{},"loads",[33,35618,35620,11222,35622],{"id":35619},"dir-vs-help",[15,35621,34719],{},[15,35623,35436],{},[20,35625,35626,5036,35628,35630],{},[15,35627,34719],{},[15,35629,35436],{}," are often used together.",[244,35632,35633],{"id":34780},[15,35634,34719],{},[174,35636,35637,35640],{},[177,35638,35639],{},"shows available names",[177,35641,35642],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[244,35644,35645],{"id":32559},[15,35646,35436],{},[174,35648,35649,35652],{},[177,35650,35651],{},"explains what an object or function does",[177,35653,35654],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35656,35657],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[38,35659,35661],{"className":40,"code":35660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35662,35663,35675,35679,35693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35664,35665,35667,35669,35671,35673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35666,8523],{"class":53},[47,35668,58],{"class":57},[47,35670,78],{"class":65},[47,35672,4492],{"class":69},[47,35674,689],{"class":65},[47,35676,35677],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35678,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,35680,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689,35691],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,35682,139],{"class":138},[47,35684,117],{"class":61},[47,35686,34780],{"class":138},[47,35688,117],{"class":61},[47,35690,70],{"class":113},[47,35692,2266],{"class":61},[47,35694,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,35696,32559],{"class":138},[47,35698,117],{"class":61},[47,35700,70],{"class":113},[47,35702,110],{"class":61},[47,35704,34886],{"class":25153},[47,35706,132],{"class":61},[20,35708,156,35709,35711,35712,35714,35715,35717],{},[15,35710,34719],{}," first to find a method name.",[10484,35713],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35716,35436],{}," to understand how to use it.",[33,35719,25761],{"id":25760},[20,35721,35722],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[244,35724,35726,35728],{"id":35725},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35727,34719],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35730,35731,35733],{},[15,35732,34719],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35735,35736,35737,35739,35740,35743],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35738,34886],{}," in ",[15,35741,35742],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[244,35745,35747],{"id":35746},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35749,35750],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35752,35753],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[244,35755,35757],{"id":35756},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35759,35760],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35762,6117],{},[174,35764,35765,35770,35776],{},[177,35766,35767,35769],{},[15,35768,35742],{}," shows string-related names",[177,35771,35772,35775],{},[15,35773,35774],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[177,35777,35778,35781,35782,35490],{},[15,35779,35780],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35783,1326],{},[244,35785,35787],{"id":35786},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35789,35790,35791,35793],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35792,34719],{}," does not mean you already know:",[174,35795,35796,35799,35802],{},[177,35797,35798],{},"what it does",[177,35800,35801],{},"what arguments it needs",[177,35803,35804],{},"what it returns",[20,35806,35807,35808,35810],{},"That is why ",[15,35809,35436],{}," is the natural next step.",[33,35812,1641],{"id":1640},[20,35814,35815,35816,35818],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35817,34719],{}," in these situations:",[174,35820,35821,35824,35833,35836],{},[177,35822,35823],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[177,35825,35826,35827,35832],{},"Seeing an ",[210,35828,35830],{"href":35829},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35831,26075],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[177,35834,35835],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[177,35837,453,35838,35840,35841],{},[15,35839,34719],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35842,35436],{},[20,35844,35845],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[38,35847,35849],{"className":40,"code":35848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35850,35851,35863,35867,35881,35895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35852,35853,35855,35857,35859,35861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35854,8523],{"class":53},[47,35856,58],{"class":57},[47,35858,78],{"class":65},[47,35860,4492],{"class":69},[47,35862,689],{"class":65},[47,35864,35865],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35866,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,35868,35869,35871,35873,35875,35877,35879],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,35870,139],{"class":138},[47,35872,117],{"class":61},[47,35874,2392],{"class":106},[47,35876,117],{"class":61},[47,35878,70],{"class":113},[47,35880,2266],{"class":61},[47,35882,35883,35885,35887,35889,35891,35893],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,35884,139],{"class":138},[47,35886,117],{"class":61},[47,35888,34780],{"class":138},[47,35890,117],{"class":61},[47,35892,70],{"class":113},[47,35894,2266],{"class":61},[47,35896,35897,35899,35901,35903,35905,35907],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,35898,32559],{"class":138},[47,35900,117],{"class":61},[47,35902,70],{"class":113},[47,35904,110],{"class":61},[47,35906,34886],{"class":25153},[47,35908,132],{"class":61},[20,35910,35911],{},"And for modules:",[38,35913,35914],{"className":40,"code":35493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35915,35916,35922,35926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35917,35918,35920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35919,35500],{"class":1107},[47,35921,35503],{"class":53},[47,35923,35924],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35925,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,35927,35928,35930,35932,35934,35936,35938],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,35929,139],{"class":138},[47,35931,117],{"class":61},[47,35933,34780],{"class":138},[47,35935,117],{"class":61},[47,35937,1326],{"class":113},[47,35939,2266],{"class":61},[20,35941,35942],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[38,35944,35946],{"className":40,"code":35945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35947,35948,35953,35965,35975,35989,35995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35949,35950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35951,35952],{"class":53},"python\n",[47,35954,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,35956,8523],{"class":53},[47,35958,58],{"class":57},[47,35960,78],{"class":65},[47,35962,4492],{"class":69},[47,35964,689],{"class":65},[47,35966,35967,35969,35971,35973],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,35968,34780],{"class":138},[47,35970,117],{"class":61},[47,35972,70],{"class":113},[47,35974,132],{"class":61},[47,35976,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,35978,32559],{"class":138},[47,35980,117],{"class":61},[47,35982,70],{"class":113},[47,35984,110],{"class":61},[47,35986,34886],{"class":25153},[47,35988,132],{"class":61},[47,35990,35991,35993],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,35992,35500],{"class":1107},[47,35994,35503],{"class":53},[47,35996,35997,35999,36001,36003],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,35998,34780],{"class":138},[47,36000,117],{"class":61},[47,36002,1326],{"class":113},[47,36004,132],{"class":61},[33,36006,2429],{"id":2428},[244,36008,5785,36010,5788],{"id":36009},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36011,34719],{},[20,36013,36014],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[244,36016,5823,36018,5036,36020,3143],{"id":36017},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36019,34719],{},[15,36021,35436],{},[20,36023,36024,36026,36027,36029],{},[15,36025,34719],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36028,35436],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[244,36031,36033,36034,36036],{"id":36032},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36035,34719],{}," output?",[20,36038,36039],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[244,36041,5813,36043,36045,36046,3143],{"id":36042},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36044,34719],{}," help fix ",[15,36047,26075],{},[20,36049,36050,36051,110],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[210,36052,36053],{"href":35829},"object has no attribute",[33,36055,2526],{"id":2525},[174,36057,36058,36064,36069,36073,36077],{},[177,36059,36060],{},[210,36061,4226,36062,4159],{"href":35433},[15,36063,35436],{},[177,36065,36066],{},[210,36067,36068],{"href":35829},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[177,36070,36071],{},[210,36072,35560],{"href":35559},[177,36074,36075],{},[210,36076,35566],{"href":35565},[177,36078,36079],{},[210,36080,4226,36081,4159],{"href":35217},[15,36082,2952],{},[20,36084,36085,36086,36088,36089,36091],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36087,34719],{}," together with ",[15,36090,35436],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2563,36093,36094],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":36096},[36097,36098,36100,36105,36110,36112,36113,36119,36124,36131,36132,36142],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":34896,"depth":98,"text":36099},"What dir() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":36101},[36102,36104],{"id":34949,"depth":135,"text":36103},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35005,"depth":135,"text":34791},{"id":35073,"depth":98,"text":36106,"children":36107},"Using dir() with a value",[36108,36109],{"id":35085,"depth":135,"text":35086},{"id":35146,"depth":135,"text":35147},{"id":35226,"depth":98,"text":36111},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35326,"depth":98,"text":35327},{"id":35472,"depth":98,"text":36114,"children":36115},"dir() on modules",[36116,36118],{"id":35486,"depth":135,"text":36117},"Example: math module",{"id":35569,"depth":135,"text":35570},{"id":35619,"depth":98,"text":36120,"children":36121},"dir() vs help()",[36122,36123],{"id":34780,"depth":135,"text":34719},{"id":32559,"depth":135,"text":35436},{"id":25760,"depth":98,"text":25761,"children":36125},[36126,36128,36129,36130],{"id":35725,"depth":135,"text":36127},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35746,"depth":135,"text":35747},{"id":35756,"depth":135,"text":35757},{"id":35786,"depth":135,"text":35787},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":36133},[36134,36136,36138,36140],{"id":36009,"depth":135,"text":36135},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36017,"depth":135,"text":36137},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36032,"depth":135,"text":36139},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36042,"depth":135,"text":36141},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34711,"description":36143},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36150,"title":36151,"body":36152,"description":37972,"extension":2611,"meta":37973,"navigation":357,"path":37974,"seo":37975,"stem":37976,"__hash__":37977},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36153,"toc":37941},[36154,36160,36165,36168,36176,36182,36184,36264,36266,36292,36297,36302,36307,36310,36321,36324,36326,36405,36407,36433,36440,36442,36444,36469,36472,36485,36490,36492,36573,36575,36601,36610,36615,36623,36629,36636,36639,36641,36720,36723,36780,36782,36819,36825,36830,36835,36838,36852,36854,36957,36959,37002,37011,37021,37028,37034,37041,37124,37126,37149,37152,37155,37157,37161,37165,37168,37231,37254,37257,37261,37267,37269,37336,37339,37416,37421,37427,37430,37433,37479,37481,37505,37510,37514,37519,37525,37588,37591,37593,37596,37621,37624,37759,37761,37862,37864,37869,37872,37878,37888,37896,37901,37907,37913,37915,37938],[10,36155,4226,36157,4230],{"id":36156},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36158,36159],{},"enumerate()",[20,36161,36162,36164],{},[15,36163,36159],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36166,36167],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[174,36169,36170,36173],{},[177,36171,36172],{},"the item itself",[177,36174,36175],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36177,36178,36179,36181],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36180,36159],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[33,36183,36],{"id":35},[38,36185,36187],{"className":40,"code":36186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36188,36189,36221,36225,36248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36190,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209,36211,36213,36215,36217,36219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36192,332],{"class":53},[47,36194,58],{"class":57},[47,36196,62],{"class":61},[47,36198,66],{"class":65},[47,36200,305],{"class":69},[47,36202,66],{"class":65},[47,36204,75],{"class":61},[47,36206,78],{"class":65},[47,36208,314],{"class":69},[47,36210,66],{"class":65},[47,36212,75],{"class":61},[47,36214,78],{"class":65},[47,36216,323],{"class":69},[47,36218,66],{"class":65},[47,36220,95],{"class":61},[47,36222,36223],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36224,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,36226,36227,36229,36232,36234,36237,36239,36242,36244,36246],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36228,6601],{"class":1107},[47,36230,36231],{"class":53}," index",[47,36233,75],{"class":61},[47,36235,36236],{"class":53}," color ",[47,36238,1114],{"class":1107},[47,36240,36241],{"class":138}," enumerate",[47,36243,117],{"class":61},[47,36245,367],{"class":113},[47,36247,8988],{"class":61},[47,36249,36250,36252,36254,36257,36259,36262],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,36251,8715],{"class":138},[47,36253,117],{"class":61},[47,36255,36256],{"class":113},"index",[47,36258,75],{"class":61},[47,36260,36261],{"class":113}," color",[47,36263,132],{"class":61},[20,36265,372],{},[38,36267,36269],{"className":40,"code":36268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36270,36271,36278,36285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36272,36273,36275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36274,436],{"class":349},[47,36276,36277],{"class":53}," red\n",[47,36279,36280,36282],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36281,917],{"class":349},[47,36283,36284],{"class":53}," green\n",[47,36286,36287,36289],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36288,2705],{"class":349},[47,36290,36291],{"class":53}," blue\n",[20,36293,156,36294,36296],{},[15,36295,36159],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[33,36298,164,36300,167],{"id":36299},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36301,36159],{},[20,36303,36304,36306],{},[15,36305,36159],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36308,36309],{},"It is commonly used with:",[174,36311,36312,36314,36316,36318],{},[177,36313,5944],{},[177,36315,5947],{},[177,36317,5953],{},[177,36319,36320],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36322,36323],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36325,603],{},[38,36327,36329],{"className":40,"code":36328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36330,36331,36365,36369,36390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36332,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36352,36354,36356,36358,36361,36363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36334,5638],{"class":53},[47,36336,58],{"class":57},[47,36338,62],{"class":61},[47,36340,66],{"class":65},[47,36342,13508],{"class":69},[47,36344,66],{"class":65},[47,36346,75],{"class":61},[47,36348,78],{"class":65},[47,36350,36351],{"class":69},"Ben",[47,36353,66],{"class":65},[47,36355,75],{"class":61},[47,36357,78],{"class":65},[47,36359,36360],{"class":69},"Cara",[47,36362,66],{"class":65},[47,36364,95],{"class":61},[47,36366,36367],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36368,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,36370,36371,36373,36375,36377,36380,36382,36384,36386,36388],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36372,6601],{"class":1107},[47,36374,36231],{"class":53},[47,36376,75],{"class":61},[47,36378,36379],{"class":53}," name ",[47,36381,1114],{"class":1107},[47,36383,36241],{"class":138},[47,36385,117],{"class":61},[47,36387,5682],{"class":113},[47,36389,8988],{"class":61},[47,36391,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36403],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,36393,8715],{"class":138},[47,36395,117],{"class":61},[47,36397,36256],{"class":113},[47,36399,75],{"class":61},[47,36401,36402],{"class":113}," name",[47,36404,132],{"class":61},[20,36406,372],{},[38,36408,36410],{"className":40,"code":36409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36411,36412,36419,36426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36413,36414,36416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36415,436],{"class":349},[47,36417,36418],{"class":53}," Ana\n",[47,36420,36421,36423],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36422,917],{"class":349},[47,36424,36425],{"class":53}," Ben\n",[47,36427,36428,36430],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36429,2705],{"class":349},[47,36431,36432],{"class":53}," Cara\n",[20,36434,36435,36436,110],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[210,36437,36439],{"href":36438},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[33,36441,2806],{"id":2805},[20,36443,2809],{},[38,36445,36447],{"className":40,"code":36446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36448,36449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36450,36451,36454,36456,36458,36460,36463,36465,36467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36452,36453],{"class":138},"enumerate",[47,36455,117],{"class":61},[47,36457,235],{"class":113},[47,36459,75],{"class":61},[47,36461,36462],{"class":9818}," start",[47,36464,58],{"class":57},[47,36466,436],{"class":349},[47,36468,132],{"class":61},[20,36470,36471],{},"It has two parts:",[174,36473,36474,36479],{},[177,36475,36476,36478],{},[15,36477,235],{},": the object you want to loop through",[177,36480,36481,36484],{},[15,36482,36483],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36486,36487,36488,110],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36489,436],{},[20,36491,603],{},[38,36493,36495],{"className":40,"code":36494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36496,36497,36530,36534,36557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36498,36499,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36500,36501],{"class":53},"letters ",[47,36503,58],{"class":57},[47,36505,62],{"class":61},[47,36507,66],{"class":65},[47,36509,210],{"class":69},[47,36511,66],{"class":65},[47,36513,75],{"class":61},[47,36515,78],{"class":65},[47,36517,854],{"class":69},[47,36519,66],{"class":65},[47,36521,75],{"class":61},[47,36523,78],{"class":65},[47,36525,863],{"class":69},[47,36527,66],{"class":65},[47,36529,95],{"class":61},[47,36531,36532],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36533,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,36535,36536,36538,36541,36543,36546,36548,36550,36552,36555],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36537,6601],{"class":1107},[47,36539,36540],{"class":53}," i",[47,36542,75],{"class":61},[47,36544,36545],{"class":53}," letter ",[47,36547,1114],{"class":1107},[47,36549,36241],{"class":138},[47,36551,117],{"class":61},[47,36553,36554],{"class":113},"letters",[47,36556,8988],{"class":61},[47,36558,36559,36561,36563,36566,36568,36571],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,36560,8715],{"class":138},[47,36562,117],{"class":61},[47,36564,36565],{"class":113},"i",[47,36567,75],{"class":61},[47,36569,36570],{"class":113}," letter",[47,36572,132],{"class":61},[20,36574,372],{},[38,36576,36578],{"className":40,"code":36577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36579,36580,36587,36594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36581,36582,36584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36583,436],{"class":349},[47,36585,36586],{"class":53}," a\n",[47,36588,36589,36591],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36590,917],{"class":349},[47,36592,36593],{"class":53}," b\n",[47,36595,36596,36598],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36597,2705],{"class":349},[47,36599,36600],{"class":53}," c\n",[20,36602,36603,36604,110],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[210,36605,4226,36607,4159],{"href":36606},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36608,36609],{},"range()",[33,36611,164,36613,12336],{"id":36612},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36614,36159],{},[20,36616,36617,36619,36620,110],{},[15,36618,36159],{}," returns an ",[278,36621,36622],{},"enumerate object",[20,36624,36625,36626,36628],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36627,6601],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[174,36630,36631],{},[177,36632,36633],{},[15,36634,36635],{},"(index, item)",[20,36637,36638],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36640,603],{},[38,36642,36644],{"className":40,"code":36643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36645,36646,36679,36683,36705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36647,36648,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36649,36650],{"class":53},"fruits ",[47,36652,58],{"class":57},[47,36654,62],{"class":61},[47,36656,66],{"class":65},[47,36658,4720],{"class":69},[47,36660,66],{"class":65},[47,36662,75],{"class":61},[47,36664,78],{"class":65},[47,36666,4729],{"class":69},[47,36668,66],{"class":65},[47,36670,75],{"class":61},[47,36672,78],{"class":65},[47,36674,33628],{"class":69},[47,36676,66],{"class":65},[47,36678,95],{"class":61},[47,36680,36681],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36682,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,36684,36685,36687,36689,36691,36694,36696,36698,36700,36703],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36686,6601],{"class":1107},[47,36688,36231],{"class":53},[47,36690,75],{"class":61},[47,36692,36693],{"class":53}," fruit ",[47,36695,1114],{"class":1107},[47,36697,36241],{"class":138},[47,36699,117],{"class":61},[47,36701,36702],{"class":113},"fruits",[47,36704,8988],{"class":61},[47,36706,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36718],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,36708,8715],{"class":138},[47,36710,117],{"class":61},[47,36712,36256],{"class":113},[47,36714,75],{"class":61},[47,36716,36717],{"class":113}," fruit",[47,36719,132],{"class":61},[20,36721,36722],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[38,36724,36726],{"className":40,"code":36725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36727,36728,36748,36752,36770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36729,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36731,4270],{"class":53},[47,36733,58],{"class":57},[47,36735,62],{"class":61},[47,36737,2981],{"class":349},[47,36739,75],{"class":61},[47,36741,8436],{"class":349},[47,36743,75],{"class":61},[47,36745,8441],{"class":349},[47,36747,95],{"class":61},[47,36749,36750],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36751,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,36753,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36755,2879],{"class":53},[47,36757,58],{"class":57},[47,36759,22962],{"class":106},[47,36761,117],{"class":61},[47,36763,36453],{"class":138},[47,36765,117],{"class":61},[47,36767,4300],{"class":113},[47,36769,2266],{"class":61},[47,36771,36772,36774,36776,36778],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,36773,139],{"class":138},[47,36775,117],{"class":61},[47,36777,2914],{"class":113},[47,36779,132],{"class":61},[20,36781,372],{},[38,36783,36785],{"className":40,"code":36784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36786,36787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36788,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36790,22142],{"class":61},[47,36792,436],{"class":349},[47,36794,75],{"class":61},[47,36796,6648],{"class":349},[47,36798,9875],{"class":61},[47,36800,9878],{"class":61},[47,36802,917],{"class":349},[47,36804,75],{"class":61},[47,36806,8436],{"class":349},[47,36808,9875],{"class":61},[47,36810,9878],{"class":61},[47,36812,2705],{"class":349},[47,36814,75],{"class":61},[47,36816,8441],{"class":349},[47,36818,9891],{"class":61},[20,36820,36821,36822,36824],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36823,36159],{}," produces.",[33,36826,1216,36828],{"id":36827},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36829,36159],{},[20,36831,156,36832,36834],{},[15,36833,36159],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36836,36837],{},"Common cases:",[174,36839,36840,36843,36846,36849],{},[177,36841,36842],{},"printing numbered output",[177,36844,36845],{},"building menus",[177,36847,36848],{},"showing positions in a list",[177,36850,36851],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36853,603],{},[38,36855,36857],{"className":40,"code":36856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36858,36859,36894,36898,36928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36860,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36872,36874,36876,36878,36881,36883,36885,36887,36890,36892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36862,30303],{"class":53},[47,36864,58],{"class":57},[47,36866,62],{"class":61},[47,36868,66],{"class":65},[47,36870,36871],{"class":69},"Wash dishes",[47,36873,66],{"class":65},[47,36875,75],{"class":61},[47,36877,78],{"class":65},[47,36879,36880],{"class":69},"Study Python",[47,36882,66],{"class":65},[47,36884,75],{"class":61},[47,36886,78],{"class":65},[47,36888,36889],{"class":69},"Go for a walk",[47,36891,66],{"class":65},[47,36893,95],{"class":61},[47,36895,36896],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36897,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,36899,36900,36902,36904,36906,36909,36911,36913,36915,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36901,6601],{"class":1107},[47,36903,2846],{"class":53},[47,36905,75],{"class":61},[47,36907,36908],{"class":53}," task ",[47,36910,1114],{"class":1107},[47,36912,36241],{"class":138},[47,36914,117],{"class":61},[47,36916,36917],{"class":113},"tasks",[47,36919,75],{"class":61},[47,36921,36462],{"class":9818},[47,36923,58],{"class":57},[47,36925,917],{"class":349},[47,36927,8988],{"class":61},[47,36929,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36951,36953,36955],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,36931,8715],{"class":138},[47,36933,117],{"class":61},[47,36935,22696],{"class":2714},[47,36937,66],{"class":69},[47,36939,382],{"class":349},[47,36941,2889],{"class":113},[47,36943,22705],{"class":349},[47,36945,28718],{"class":69},[47,36947,382],{"class":349},[47,36949,36950],{"class":113},"task",[47,36952,22705],{"class":349},[47,36954,66],{"class":69},[47,36956,132],{"class":61},[20,36958,372],{},[38,36960,36962],{"className":40,"code":36961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36963,36964,36976,36988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36965,36966,36968,36970,36973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36967,917],{"class":349},[47,36969,110],{"class":61},[47,36971,36972],{"class":25153}," Wash",[47,36974,36975],{"class":53}," dishes\n",[47,36977,36978,36980,36982,36985],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,36979,2705],{"class":349},[47,36981,110],{"class":61},[47,36983,36984],{"class":25153}," Study",[47,36986,36987],{"class":53}," Python\n",[47,36989,36990,36992,36994,36997,36999],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,36991,2711],{"class":349},[47,36993,110],{"class":61},[47,36995,36996],{"class":25153}," Go",[47,36998,1108],{"class":1107},[47,37000,37001],{"class":53}," a walk\n",[20,37003,37004,37005,37007,37008,110],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37006,36159],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37009,37010],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37012,37013,37014,110],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[210,37015,37017,37018,37020],{"href":37016},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37019,36159],{}," in Python",[33,37022,37024,37025,37027],{"id":37023},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37026,36483],{}," argument",[20,37029,37030,37031,37033],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37032,36483],{}," argument.",[20,37035,37036,37037,11728,37039,172],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37038,917],{},[15,37040,436],{},[38,37042,37044],{"className":40,"code":37043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37045,37046,37078,37082,37110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37047,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37049,332],{"class":53},[47,37051,58],{"class":57},[47,37053,62],{"class":61},[47,37055,66],{"class":65},[47,37057,305],{"class":69},[47,37059,66],{"class":65},[47,37061,75],{"class":61},[47,37063,78],{"class":65},[47,37065,314],{"class":69},[47,37067,66],{"class":65},[47,37069,75],{"class":61},[47,37071,78],{"class":65},[47,37073,323],{"class":69},[47,37075,66],{"class":65},[47,37077,95],{"class":61},[47,37079,37080],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37081,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,37083,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37085,6601],{"class":1107},[47,37087,36231],{"class":53},[47,37089,75],{"class":61},[47,37091,36236],{"class":53},[47,37093,1114],{"class":1107},[47,37095,36241],{"class":138},[47,37097,117],{"class":61},[47,37099,367],{"class":113},[47,37101,75],{"class":61},[47,37103,36462],{"class":9818},[47,37105,58],{"class":57},[47,37107,917],{"class":349},[47,37109,8988],{"class":61},[47,37111,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,37113,8715],{"class":138},[47,37115,117],{"class":61},[47,37117,36256],{"class":113},[47,37119,75],{"class":61},[47,37121,36261],{"class":113},[47,37123,132],{"class":61},[20,37125,372],{},[38,37127,37129],{"className":40,"code":37128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37130,37131,37137,37143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37132,37133,37135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37134,917],{"class":349},[47,37136,36277],{"class":53},[47,37138,37139,37141],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37140,2705],{"class":349},[47,37142,36284],{"class":53},[47,37144,37145,37147],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37146,2711],{"class":349},[47,37148,36291],{"class":53},[20,37150,37151],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37153,37154],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[33,37156,25761],{"id":25760},[20,37158,25764,37159,110],{},[15,37160,36159],{},[244,37162,37164],{"id":37163},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37166,37167],{},"In this loop:",[38,37169,37171],{"className":40,"code":37170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37172,37173,37193,37197,37217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37174,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37176,4270],{"class":53},[47,37178,58],{"class":57},[47,37180,62],{"class":61},[47,37182,2981],{"class":349},[47,37184,75],{"class":61},[47,37186,8436],{"class":349},[47,37188,75],{"class":61},[47,37190,8441],{"class":349},[47,37192,95],{"class":61},[47,37194,37195],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37196,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,37198,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37200,6601],{"class":1107},[47,37202,36231],{"class":53},[47,37204,75],{"class":61},[47,37206,21986],{"class":53},[47,37208,1114],{"class":1107},[47,37210,36241],{"class":138},[47,37212,117],{"class":61},[47,37214,4300],{"class":113},[47,37216,8988],{"class":61},[47,37218,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,37220,8715],{"class":138},[47,37222,117],{"class":61},[47,37224,36256],{"class":113},[47,37226,75],{"class":61},[47,37228,240],{"class":113},[47,37230,132],{"class":61},[174,37232,37233,37243],{},[177,37234,37235,5427,37237,2838,37239,2838,37241],{},[15,37236,36256],{},[15,37238,436],{},[15,37240,917],{},[15,37242,2705],{},[177,37244,37245,5427,37247,2838,37249,2838,37251],{},[15,37246,259],{},[15,37248,2981],{},[15,37250,16364],{},[15,37252,37253],{},"30",[20,37255,37256],{},"These are different things.",[244,37258,37260],{"id":37259},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37262,37263,37264,37266],{},"Each item from ",[15,37265,36159],{}," is a pair.",[20,37268,7332],{},[38,37270,37272],{"className":40,"code":37271,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37273,37274,37298,37302,37322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37275,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37277,8425],{"class":53},[47,37279,58],{"class":57},[47,37281,62],{"class":61},[47,37283,66],{"class":65},[47,37285,1995],{"class":69},[47,37287,66],{"class":65},[47,37289,75],{"class":61},[47,37291,78],{"class":65},[47,37293,2161],{"class":69},[47,37295,66],{"class":65},[47,37297,95],{"class":61},[47,37299,37300],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37301,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,37303,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37305,6601],{"class":1107},[47,37307,36540],{"class":53},[47,37309,75],{"class":61},[47,37311,6604],{"class":53},[47,37313,1114],{"class":1107},[47,37315,36241],{"class":138},[47,37317,117],{"class":61},[47,37319,8456],{"class":113},[47,37321,8988],{"class":61},[47,37323,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,37325,8715],{"class":138},[47,37327,117],{"class":61},[47,37329,36565],{"class":113},[47,37331,75],{"class":61},[47,37333,29912],{"class":113},[47,37335,132],{"class":61},[20,37337,37338],{},"But this causes an error:",[38,37340,37342],{"className":40,"code":37341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37343,37344,37368,37372,37397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37345,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37347,8425],{"class":53},[47,37349,58],{"class":57},[47,37351,62],{"class":61},[47,37353,66],{"class":65},[47,37355,1995],{"class":69},[47,37357,66],{"class":65},[47,37359,75],{"class":61},[47,37361,78],{"class":65},[47,37363,2161],{"class":69},[47,37365,66],{"class":65},[47,37367,95],{"class":61},[47,37369,37370],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37371,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,37373,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37375,6601],{"class":1107},[47,37377,36540],{"class":53},[47,37379,75],{"class":61},[47,37381,29912],{"class":53},[47,37383,75],{"class":61},[47,37385,37386],{"class":53}," extra ",[47,37388,1114],{"class":1107},[47,37390,36241],{"class":138},[47,37392,117],{"class":61},[47,37394,8456],{"class":113},[47,37396,8988],{"class":61},[47,37398,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37414],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,37400,8715],{"class":138},[47,37402,117],{"class":61},[47,37404,36565],{"class":113},[47,37406,75],{"class":61},[47,37408,29912],{"class":113},[47,37410,75],{"class":61},[47,37412,37413],{"class":113}," extra",[47,37415,132],{"class":61},[20,37417,29466,37418,37420],{},[15,37419,36159],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[244,37422,37424,37426],{"id":37423},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37425,36159],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37428,37429],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37431,37432],{},"Example with a string:",[38,37434,37436],{"className":40,"code":37435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37437,37438,37464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37439,37440,37442,37444,37446,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37460,37462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37441,6601],{"class":1107},[47,37443,36231],{"class":53},[47,37445,75],{"class":61},[47,37447,37448],{"class":53}," char ",[47,37450,1114],{"class":1107},[47,37452,36241],{"class":138},[47,37454,117],{"class":61},[47,37456,66],{"class":65},[47,37458,37459],{"class":69},"cat",[47,37461,66],{"class":65},[47,37463,8988],{"class":61},[47,37465,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37477],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37467,8715],{"class":138},[47,37469,117],{"class":61},[47,37471,36256],{"class":113},[47,37473,75],{"class":61},[47,37475,37476],{"class":113}," char",[47,37478,132],{"class":61},[20,37480,372],{},[38,37482,37484],{"className":40,"code":37483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37485,37486,37492,37498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37487,37488,37490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37489,436],{"class":349},[47,37491,36600],{"class":53},[47,37493,37494,37496],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37495,917],{"class":349},[47,37497,36586],{"class":53},[47,37499,37500,37502],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37501,2705],{"class":349},[47,37503,37504],{"class":53}," t\n",[20,37506,37507,37508,110],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[210,37509,5779],{"href":6231},[244,37511,37513],{"id":37512},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37515,37516,37517,110],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37518,36159],{},[20,37520,37521,37522,37524],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37523,6601],{}," loop:",[38,37526,37528],{"className":40,"code":37527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37529,37530,37562,37566,37578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37531,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37533,332],{"class":53},[47,37535,58],{"class":57},[47,37537,62],{"class":61},[47,37539,66],{"class":65},[47,37541,305],{"class":69},[47,37543,66],{"class":65},[47,37545,75],{"class":61},[47,37547,78],{"class":65},[47,37549,314],{"class":69},[47,37551,66],{"class":65},[47,37553,75],{"class":61},[47,37555,78],{"class":65},[47,37557,323],{"class":69},[47,37559,66],{"class":65},[47,37561,95],{"class":61},[47,37563,37564],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37565,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37569,6601],{"class":1107},[47,37571,36236],{"class":53},[47,37573,1114],{"class":1107},[47,37575,13746],{"class":53},[47,37577,7038],{"class":61},[47,37579,37580,37582,37584,37586],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,37581,8715],{"class":138},[47,37583,117],{"class":61},[47,37585,33298],{"class":113},[47,37587,132],{"class":61},[20,37589,37590],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[33,37592,1641],{"id":1640},[20,37594,37595],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[174,37597,37598,37603,37609,37614],{},[177,37599,23503,37600,37602],{},[15,37601,36159],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[177,37604,37605,37606,37608],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37607,436],{}," by default",[177,37610,453,37611,37613],{},[15,37612,36159],{}," when only values are needed",[177,37615,37616,37617,9350,37619],{},"Confusing ",[15,37618,36159],{},[15,37620,36609],{},[20,37622,37623],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[38,37625,37627],{"className":40,"code":37626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37628,37629,37651,37678,37712,37745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37630,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37632,139],{"class":138},[47,37634,117],{"class":61},[47,37636,36453],{"class":138},[47,37638,1258],{"class":61},[47,37640,2981],{"class":349},[47,37642,75],{"class":61},[47,37644,8436],{"class":349},[47,37646,75],{"class":61},[47,37648,8441],{"class":349},[47,37650,3649],{"class":61},[47,37652,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37654,139],{"class":138},[47,37656,117],{"class":61},[47,37658,1892],{"class":106},[47,37660,117],{"class":61},[47,37662,36453],{"class":138},[47,37664,1258],{"class":61},[47,37666,2981],{"class":349},[47,37668,75],{"class":61},[47,37670,8436],{"class":349},[47,37672,75],{"class":61},[47,37674,8441],{"class":349},[47,37676,37677],{"class":61},"])))\n",[47,37679,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37681,139],{"class":138},[47,37683,117],{"class":61},[47,37685,1892],{"class":106},[47,37687,117],{"class":61},[47,37689,36453],{"class":138},[47,37691,1258],{"class":61},[47,37693,2981],{"class":349},[47,37695,75],{"class":61},[47,37697,8436],{"class":349},[47,37699,75],{"class":61},[47,37701,8441],{"class":349},[47,37703,959],{"class":61},[47,37705,36462],{"class":9818},[47,37707,58],{"class":57},[47,37709,917],{"class":349},[47,37711,2425],{"class":61},[47,37713,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,37715,6601],{"class":1107},[47,37717,36540],{"class":53},[47,37719,75],{"class":61},[47,37721,21986],{"class":53},[47,37723,1114],{"class":1107},[47,37725,36241],{"class":138},[47,37727,1258],{"class":61},[47,37729,385],{"class":65},[47,37731,210],{"class":69},[47,37733,385],{"class":65},[47,37735,75],{"class":61},[47,37737,398],{"class":65},[47,37739,854],{"class":69},[47,37741,385],{"class":65},[47,37743,37744],{"class":61},"]):\n",[47,37746,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,37748,8715],{"class":138},[47,37750,117],{"class":61},[47,37752,36565],{"class":113},[47,37754,75],{"class":61},[47,37756,240],{"class":113},[47,37758,132],{"class":61},[20,37760,17567],{},[38,37762,37764],{"className":40,"code":37763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37765,37766,37786,37818,37850,37856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37767,37768,37770,37772,37774,37777,37781,37784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37769,3941],{"class":57},[47,37771,36453],{"class":138},[47,37773,25020],{"class":106},[47,37775,37776],{"class":53}," at ",[47,37778,37780],{"class":37779},"srjyR","0x",[47,37782,37783],{"class":34861},"...",[47,37785,3953],{"class":57},[47,37787,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,37789,22142],{"class":61},[47,37791,436],{"class":349},[47,37793,75],{"class":61},[47,37795,6648],{"class":349},[47,37797,9875],{"class":61},[47,37799,9878],{"class":61},[47,37801,917],{"class":349},[47,37803,75],{"class":61},[47,37805,8436],{"class":349},[47,37807,9875],{"class":61},[47,37809,9878],{"class":61},[47,37811,2705],{"class":349},[47,37813,75],{"class":61},[47,37815,8441],{"class":349},[47,37817,9891],{"class":61},[47,37819,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,37821,22142],{"class":61},[47,37823,917],{"class":349},[47,37825,75],{"class":61},[47,37827,6648],{"class":349},[47,37829,9875],{"class":61},[47,37831,9878],{"class":61},[47,37833,2705],{"class":349},[47,37835,75],{"class":61},[47,37837,8436],{"class":349},[47,37839,9875],{"class":61},[47,37841,9878],{"class":61},[47,37843,2711],{"class":349},[47,37845,75],{"class":61},[47,37847,8441],{"class":349},[47,37849,9891],{"class":61},[47,37851,37852,37854],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,37853,436],{"class":349},[47,37855,36586],{"class":53},[47,37857,37858,37860],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,37859,917],{"class":349},[47,37861,36593],{"class":53},[33,37863,2429],{"id":2428},[244,37865,5785,37867,5788],{"id":37866},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37868,36159],{},[20,37870,37871],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[244,37873,2433,37875,37877],{"id":37874},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37876,36159],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37879,37880,37881,37883,37884,37887],{},"It starts at ",[15,37882,436],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37885,37886],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[244,37889,21822,37891,11728,37893,3143],{"id":37890},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37892,36159],{},[15,37894,37895],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37897,37004,37898,37900],{},[15,37899,36159],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[244,37902,5813,37904,37906],{"id":37903},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37905,36159],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37908,37909,37910,37912],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37911,36159],{}," can return each character with its index.",[33,37914,2526],{"id":2525},[174,37916,37917,37921,37927,37934],{},[177,37918,37919],{},[210,37920,36439],{"href":36438},[177,37922,37923],{},[210,37924,4226,37925,4159],{"href":36606},[15,37926,36609],{},[177,37928,37929],{},[210,37930,37931,37932,37020],{"href":37016},"How to use ",[15,37933,36159],{},[177,37935,37936],{},[210,37937,5860],{"href":6231},[2563,37939,37940],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":37942},[37943,37944,37946,37947,37949,37951,37953,37960,37961,37971],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":36299,"depth":98,"text":37945},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":36612,"depth":98,"text":37948},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36827,"depth":98,"text":37950},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37023,"depth":98,"text":37952},"Using the start argument",{"id":25760,"depth":98,"text":25761,"children":37954},[37955,37956,37957,37959],{"id":37163,"depth":135,"text":37164},{"id":37259,"depth":135,"text":37260},{"id":37423,"depth":135,"text":37958},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37512,"depth":135,"text":37513},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":37962},[37963,37965,37967,37969],{"id":37866,"depth":135,"text":37964},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37874,"depth":135,"text":37966},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37890,"depth":135,"text":37968},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37903,"depth":135,"text":37970},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36151,"description":37972},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37979,"title":37980,"body":37981,"description":40497,"extension":2611,"meta":40498,"navigation":357,"path":40499,"seo":40500,"stem":40501,"__hash__":40502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37982,"toc":40454},[37983,37989,37994,37997,38005,38019,38021,38112,38120,38125,38130,38132,38148,38150,38229,38231,38248,38254,38258,38260,38281,38285,38288,38300,38304,38307,38310,38327,38330,38406,38408,38425,38430,38434,38442,38445,38460,38462,38551,38553,38598,38601,38605,38608,38687,38689,38711,38714,38721,38726,38729,38832,38834,38859,38862,38869,38875,38880,38883,38894,39000,39002,39023,39031,39038,39044,39063,39068,39071,39090,39092,39177,39179,39208,39211,39216,39221,39224,39235,39237,39326,39328,39348,39354,39460,39462,39482,39485,39569,39571,39591,39598,39600,39604,39610,39613,39670,39673,39676,39737,39746,39749,39752,39780,39783,39843,39845,39862,39866,39869,39947,39949,39969,39972,40047,40051,40054,40056,40065,40070,40072,40123,40131,40143,40148,40209,40211,40228,40232,40295,40297,40322,40330,40332,40338,40344,40351,40359,40365,40368,40375,40385,40391,40397,40400,40417,40423,40425,40451],[10,37984,4226,37986,4230],{"id":37985},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37987,37988],{},"filter()",[20,37990,37991,37993],{},[15,37992,37988],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37995,37996],{},"It takes:",[174,37998,37999,38002],{},[177,38000,38001],{},"a function that checks each item",[177,38003,38004],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38006,38007,38008,38011,38012,38015,38016,38018],{},"The result is ",[278,38009,38010],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38013,38014],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38017,25184],{}," to see the values.",[33,38020,36],{"id":35},[38,38022,38024],{"className":40,"code":38023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38025,38026,38059,38095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38027,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38029,4270],{"class":53},[47,38031,58],{"class":57},[47,38033,62],{"class":61},[47,38035,917],{"class":349},[47,38037,75],{"class":61},[47,38039,2409],{"class":349},[47,38041,75],{"class":61},[47,38043,2414],{"class":349},[47,38045,75],{"class":61},[47,38047,3108],{"class":349},[47,38049,75],{"class":61},[47,38051,5249],{"class":349},[47,38053,75],{"class":61},[47,38055,38056],{"class":349}," 6",[47,38058,95],{"class":61},[47,38060,38061,38063,38065,38068,38070,38073,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38062,2879],{"class":53},[47,38064,58],{"class":57},[47,38066,38067],{"class":138}," filter",[47,38069,117],{"class":61},[47,38071,38072],{"class":2714},"lambda",[47,38074,38076],{"class":38075},"sFwrP"," x",[47,38078,172],{"class":61},[47,38080,4524],{"class":113},[47,38082,7048],{"class":57},[47,38084,2409],{"class":349},[47,38086,7053],{"class":57},[47,38088,350],{"class":349},[47,38090,75],{"class":61},[47,38092,4905],{"class":113},[47,38094,132],{"class":61},[47,38096,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38098,139],{"class":138},[47,38100,117],{"class":61},[47,38102,1892],{"class":106},[47,38104,117],{"class":61},[47,38106,2914],{"class":113},[47,38108,6006],{"class":61},[47,38110,38111],{"class":152},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38113,38114,38116,38117,38119],{},[15,38115,37988],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38118,25184],{}," to see the results.",[33,38121,164,38123,167],{"id":38122},"what-filter-does",[15,38124,37988],{},[20,38126,38127,38129],{},[15,38128,37988],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38131,2756],{},[174,38133,38134,38137,38143],{},[177,38135,38136],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[177,38138,38139,38140,38142],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38141,4255],{},", the item is kept",[177,38144,38139,38145,38147],{},[15,38146,4326],{},", the item is removed",[20,38149,603],{},[38,38151,38153],{"className":40,"code":38152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38154,38155,38183,38187,38215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38156,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38158,4270],{"class":53},[47,38160,58],{"class":57},[47,38162,62],{"class":61},[47,38164,917],{"class":349},[47,38166,75],{"class":61},[47,38168,2409],{"class":349},[47,38170,75],{"class":61},[47,38172,2414],{"class":349},[47,38174,75],{"class":61},[47,38176,3108],{"class":349},[47,38178,75],{"class":61},[47,38180,5249],{"class":349},[47,38182,95],{"class":61},[47,38184,38185],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38186,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,38188,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38190,2879],{"class":53},[47,38192,58],{"class":57},[47,38194,38067],{"class":138},[47,38196,117],{"class":61},[47,38198,38072],{"class":2714},[47,38200,38076],{"class":38075},[47,38202,172],{"class":61},[47,38204,4524],{"class":113},[47,38206,4894],{"class":57},[47,38208,2414],{"class":349},[47,38210,75],{"class":61},[47,38212,4905],{"class":113},[47,38214,132],{"class":61},[47,38216,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,38218,139],{"class":138},[47,38220,117],{"class":61},[47,38222,1892],{"class":106},[47,38224,117],{"class":61},[47,38226,2914],{"class":113},[47,38228,2266],{"class":61},[20,38230,372],{},[38,38232,38234],{"className":40,"code":38233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38235,38236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38237,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38239,669],{"class":61},[47,38241,3156],{"class":349},[47,38243,75],{"class":61},[47,38245,5249],{"class":349},[47,38247,95],{"class":61},[20,38249,38250,38251,38253],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38252,2711],{}," are kept.",[33,38255,38257],{"id":38256},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38259,2809],{},[38,38261,38263],{"className":40,"code":38262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38264,38265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38266,38267,38269,38271,38274,38276,38279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38268,38014],{"class":138},[47,38270,117],{"class":61},[47,38272,38273],{"class":113},"function",[47,38275,75],{"class":61},[47,38277,38278],{"class":113}," iterable",[47,38280,132],{"class":61},[244,38282,38283],{"id":38273},[15,38284,38273],{},[20,38286,38287],{},"This is the test function.",[174,38289,38290,38293],{},[177,38291,38292],{},"It receives one item at a time",[177,38294,38295,38296,3530,38298],{},"It should return ",[15,38297,4255],{},[15,38299,4326],{},[244,38301,38302],{"id":235},[15,38303,235],{},[20,38305,38306],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38308,38309],{},"It can be:",[174,38311,38312,38315,38318,38321,38324],{},[177,38313,38314],{},"a list",[177,38316,38317],{},"a tuple",[177,38319,38320],{},"a string",[177,38322,38323],{},"a set",[177,38325,38326],{},"another iterable object",[20,38328,38329],{},"Example with a tuple:",[38,38331,38333],{"className":40,"code":38332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38334,38335,38360,38364,38392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38336,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38338,4270],{"class":53},[47,38340,58],{"class":57},[47,38342,9878],{"class":61},[47,38344,2981],{"class":349},[47,38346,75],{"class":61},[47,38348,38349],{"class":349}," 15",[47,38351,75],{"class":61},[47,38353,8436],{"class":349},[47,38355,75],{"class":61},[47,38357,9946],{"class":349},[47,38359,132],{"class":61},[47,38361,38362],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38363,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,38365,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38367,2879],{"class":53},[47,38369,58],{"class":57},[47,38371,38067],{"class":138},[47,38373,117],{"class":61},[47,38375,38072],{"class":2714},[47,38377,38076],{"class":38075},[47,38379,172],{"class":61},[47,38381,4524],{"class":113},[47,38383,5741],{"class":57},[47,38385,8436],{"class":349},[47,38387,75],{"class":61},[47,38389,4905],{"class":113},[47,38391,132],{"class":61},[47,38393,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,38395,139],{"class":138},[47,38397,117],{"class":61},[47,38399,1892],{"class":106},[47,38401,117],{"class":61},[47,38403,2914],{"class":113},[47,38405,2266],{"class":61},[20,38407,372],{},[38,38409,38411],{"className":40,"code":38410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38412,38413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38414,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38416,669],{"class":61},[47,38418,16364],{"class":349},[47,38420,75],{"class":61},[47,38422,9946],{"class":349},[47,38424,95],{"class":61},[20,38426,38427,38428,110],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[210,38429,5779],{"href":6231},[33,38431,38433],{"id":38432},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38435,38436,38437,22377,38439,110],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38438,37988],{},[278,38440,38441],{},"filter object",[20,38443,38444],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[174,38446,38447,38450,38455],{},[177,38448,38449],{},"loop through it",[177,38451,38452,38453],{},"convert it with ",[15,38454,25184],{},[177,38456,38452,38457],{},[15,38458,38459],{},"tuple()",[20,38461,603],{},[38,38463,38465],{"className":40,"code":38464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38466,38467,38509,38513,38523,38537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38468,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38470,2879],{"class":53},[47,38472,58],{"class":57},[47,38474,38067],{"class":138},[47,38476,117],{"class":61},[47,38478,38072],{"class":2714},[47,38480,38076],{"class":38075},[47,38482,172],{"class":61},[47,38484,4524],{"class":113},[47,38486,4894],{"class":57},[47,38488,2409],{"class":349},[47,38490,75],{"class":61},[47,38492,62],{"class":61},[47,38494,917],{"class":349},[47,38496,75],{"class":61},[47,38498,2409],{"class":349},[47,38500,75],{"class":61},[47,38502,2414],{"class":349},[47,38504,75],{"class":61},[47,38506,3108],{"class":349},[47,38508,2166],{"class":61},[47,38510,38511],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38512,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,38514,38515,38517,38519,38521],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38516,139],{"class":138},[47,38518,117],{"class":61},[47,38520,2914],{"class":113},[47,38522,132],{"class":61},[47,38524,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,38526,139],{"class":138},[47,38528,117],{"class":61},[47,38530,2392],{"class":106},[47,38532,117],{"class":61},[47,38534,2914],{"class":113},[47,38536,2266],{"class":61},[47,38538,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547,38549],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,38540,139],{"class":138},[47,38542,117],{"class":61},[47,38544,1892],{"class":106},[47,38546,117],{"class":61},[47,38548,2914],{"class":113},[47,38550,2266],{"class":61},[20,38552,372],{},[38,38554,38556],{"className":40,"code":38555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38557,38558,38572,38586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38559,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38561,3941],{"class":57},[47,38563,38014],{"class":138},[47,38565,25020],{"class":106},[47,38567,37776],{"class":53},[47,38569,37783],{"class":34861},[47,38571,3953],{"class":57},[47,38573,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38575,3941],{"class":57},[47,38577,3944],{"class":2714},[47,38579,398],{"class":65},[47,38581,38014],{"class":69},[47,38583,385],{"class":65},[47,38585,3953],{"class":57},[47,38587,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38589,669],{"class":61},[47,38591,2711],{"class":349},[47,38593,75],{"class":61},[47,38595,3108],{"class":349},[47,38597,95],{"class":61},[20,38599,38600],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[244,38602,38604],{"id":38603},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38606,38607],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[38,38609,38611],{"className":40,"code":38610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38612,38613,38655,38659,38673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38614,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38616,2879],{"class":53},[47,38618,58],{"class":57},[47,38620,38067],{"class":138},[47,38622,117],{"class":61},[47,38624,38072],{"class":2714},[47,38626,38076],{"class":38075},[47,38628,172],{"class":61},[47,38630,4524],{"class":113},[47,38632,4894],{"class":57},[47,38634,2409],{"class":349},[47,38636,75],{"class":61},[47,38638,62],{"class":61},[47,38640,917],{"class":349},[47,38642,75],{"class":61},[47,38644,2409],{"class":349},[47,38646,75],{"class":61},[47,38648,2414],{"class":349},[47,38650,75],{"class":61},[47,38652,3108],{"class":349},[47,38654,2166],{"class":61},[47,38656,38657],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38658,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,38660,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38662,139],{"class":138},[47,38664,117],{"class":61},[47,38666,1892],{"class":106},[47,38668,117],{"class":61},[47,38670,2914],{"class":113},[47,38672,2266],{"class":61},[47,38674,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,38676,139],{"class":138},[47,38678,117],{"class":61},[47,38680,1892],{"class":106},[47,38682,117],{"class":61},[47,38684,2914],{"class":113},[47,38686,2266],{"class":61},[20,38688,372],{},[38,38690,38692],{"className":40,"code":38691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38693,38694,38706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38695,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38697,669],{"class":61},[47,38699,2711],{"class":349},[47,38701,75],{"class":61},[47,38703,3108],{"class":349},[47,38705,95],{"class":61},[47,38707,38708],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38709,38710],{"class":61},"[]\n",[20,38712,38713],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[33,38715,453,38717,9350,38719],{"id":38716},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38718,37988],{},[15,38720,38072],{},[20,38722,15799,38723,38725],{},[15,38724,38072],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38727,38728],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[38,38730,38732],{"className":40,"code":38731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38733,38734,38776,38780,38818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38735,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38772,38774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38737,4711],{"class":53},[47,38739,58],{"class":57},[47,38741,62],{"class":61},[47,38743,66],{"class":65},[47,38745,4720],{"class":69},[47,38747,66],{"class":65},[47,38749,75],{"class":61},[47,38751,78],{"class":65},[47,38753,38754],{"class":69},"kiwi",[47,38756,66],{"class":65},[47,38758,75],{"class":61},[47,38760,78],{"class":65},[47,38762,4729],{"class":69},[47,38764,66],{"class":65},[47,38766,75],{"class":61},[47,38768,78],{"class":65},[47,38770,38771],{"class":69},"fig",[47,38773,66],{"class":65},[47,38775,95],{"class":61},[47,38777,38778],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38779,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,38781,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38795,38797,38800,38802,38805,38807,38810,38812,38814,38816],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38783,2879],{"class":53},[47,38785,58],{"class":57},[47,38787,38067],{"class":138},[47,38789,117],{"class":61},[47,38791,38072],{"class":2714},[47,38793,38794],{"class":38075}," word",[47,38796,172],{"class":61},[47,38798,38799],{"class":138}," len",[47,38801,117],{"class":61},[47,38803,38804],{"class":113},"word",[47,38806,4313],{"class":61},[47,38808,38809],{"class":57}," >",[47,38811,3108],{"class":349},[47,38813,75],{"class":61},[47,38815,6812],{"class":113},[47,38817,132],{"class":61},[47,38819,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,38821,139],{"class":138},[47,38823,117],{"class":61},[47,38825,1892],{"class":106},[47,38827,117],{"class":61},[47,38829,2914],{"class":113},[47,38831,2266],{"class":61},[20,38833,372],{},[38,38835,38837],{"className":40,"code":38836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38838,38839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38840,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38842,669],{"class":61},[47,38844,385],{"class":65},[47,38846,4720],{"class":69},[47,38848,385],{"class":65},[47,38850,75],{"class":61},[47,38852,398],{"class":65},[47,38854,4729],{"class":69},[47,38856,385],{"class":65},[47,38858,95],{"class":61},[20,38860,38861],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38863,38864,38865,110],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[210,38866,38868],{"href":38867},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[33,38870,453,38872,38874],{"id":38871},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38873,37988],{}," with a named function",[20,38876,38877,38878,110],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38879,38072],{},[20,38881,38882],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[174,38884,38885,38888,38891],{},[177,38886,38887],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[177,38889,38890],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[177,38892,38893],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[38,38895,38897],{"className":40,"code":38896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38898,38899,38912,38927,38931,38963,38982,38986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38900,38901,38903,38906,38908,38910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38902,35260],{"class":2714},[47,38904,38905],{"class":35263}," is_even",[47,38907,117],{"class":61},[47,38909,2889],{"class":38075},[47,38911,8988],{"class":61},[47,38913,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,38915,35271],{"class":1107},[47,38917,7031],{"class":53},[47,38919,7048],{"class":57},[47,38921,2409],{"class":349},[47,38923,7053],{"class":57},[47,38925,38926],{"class":349}," 0\n",[47,38928,38929],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,38930,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,38932,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,38934,4270],{"class":53},[47,38936,58],{"class":57},[47,38938,62],{"class":61},[47,38940,917],{"class":349},[47,38942,75],{"class":61},[47,38944,2409],{"class":349},[47,38946,75],{"class":61},[47,38948,2414],{"class":349},[47,38950,75],{"class":61},[47,38952,3108],{"class":349},[47,38954,75],{"class":61},[47,38956,5249],{"class":349},[47,38958,75],{"class":61},[47,38960,38056],{"class":349},[47,38962,95],{"class":61},[47,38964,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38976,38978,38980],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,38966,2879],{"class":53},[47,38968,58],{"class":57},[47,38970,38067],{"class":138},[47,38972,117],{"class":61},[47,38974,38975],{"class":113},"is_even",[47,38977,75],{"class":61},[47,38979,4905],{"class":113},[47,38981,132],{"class":61},[47,38983,38984],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,38985,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,38987,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,38989,139],{"class":138},[47,38991,117],{"class":61},[47,38993,1892],{"class":106},[47,38995,117],{"class":61},[47,38997,2914],{"class":113},[47,38999,2266],{"class":61},[20,39001,372],{},[38,39003,39005],{"className":40,"code":39004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39006,39007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39008,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39010,669],{"class":61},[47,39012,2705],{"class":349},[47,39014,75],{"class":61},[47,39016,3108],{"class":349},[47,39018,75],{"class":61},[47,39020,38056],{"class":349},[47,39022,95],{"class":61},[20,39024,21172,39025,3048,39028,39030],{},[15,39026,39027],{},"is_even()",[15,39029,4255],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[33,39032,453,39034,9350,39036],{"id":39033},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39035,269],{},[15,39037,37988],{},[20,39039,39040,39041,39043],{},"You can pass ",[15,39042,269],{}," as the first argument:",[38,39045,39047],{"className":40,"code":39046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39048,39049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39050,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39052,38014],{"class":138},[47,39054,117],{"class":61},[47,39056,269],{"class":559},[47,39058,75],{"class":61},[47,39060,38278],{"class":113},[47,39062,132],{"class":61},[20,39064,39065,39066,7985],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[278,39067,6241],{},[20,39069,39070],{},"Falsy values include:",[174,39072,39073,39077,39082,39086],{},[177,39074,39075],{},[15,39076,436],{},[177,39078,39079,39081],{},[15,39080,4424],{}," (empty string)",[177,39083,39084],{},[15,39085,269],{},[177,39087,39088],{},[15,39089,4326],{},[20,39091,603],{},[38,39093,39095],{"className":40,"code":39094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39096,39097,39141,39145,39163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39098,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39100,8425],{"class":53},[47,39102,58],{"class":57},[47,39104,62],{"class":61},[47,39106,436],{"class":349},[47,39108,75],{"class":61},[47,39110,2002],{"class":349},[47,39112,75],{"class":61},[47,39114,6770],{"class":65},[47,39116,75],{"class":61},[47,39118,78],{"class":65},[47,39120,4492],{"class":69},[47,39122,66],{"class":65},[47,39124,75],{"class":61},[47,39126,560],{"class":559},[47,39128,75],{"class":61},[47,39130,1444],{"class":559},[47,39132,75],{"class":61},[47,39134,1288],{"class":559},[47,39136,75],{"class":61},[47,39138,5249],{"class":349},[47,39140,95],{"class":61},[47,39142,39143],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39144,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,39146,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,39148,2879],{"class":53},[47,39150,58],{"class":57},[47,39152,38067],{"class":138},[47,39154,117],{"class":61},[47,39156,269],{"class":559},[47,39158,75],{"class":61},[47,39160,6609],{"class":113},[47,39162,132],{"class":61},[47,39164,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,39166,139],{"class":138},[47,39168,117],{"class":61},[47,39170,1892],{"class":106},[47,39172,117],{"class":61},[47,39174,2914],{"class":113},[47,39176,2266],{"class":61},[20,39178,372],{},[38,39180,39182],{"className":40,"code":39181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39183,39184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39185,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39187,669],{"class":61},[47,39189,917],{"class":349},[47,39191,75],{"class":61},[47,39193,398],{"class":65},[47,39195,4492],{"class":69},[47,39197,385],{"class":65},[47,39199,75],{"class":61},[47,39201,1444],{"class":559},[47,39203,75],{"class":61},[47,39205,5249],{"class":349},[47,39207,95],{"class":61},[20,39209,39210],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[33,39212,1216,39214],{"id":39213},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39215,37988],{},[20,39217,156,39218,39220],{},[15,39219,37988],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39222,39223],{},"It works well for:",[174,39225,39226,39229,39232],{},[177,39227,39228],{},"simple filtering rules",[177,39230,39231],{},"quick data cleaning",[177,39233,39234],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39236,603],{},[38,39238,39240],{"className":40,"code":39239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39241,39242,39274,39307,39311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39243,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39245,4270],{"class":53},[47,39247,58],{"class":57},[47,39249,62],{"class":61},[47,39251,917],{"class":349},[47,39253,75],{"class":61},[47,39255,2409],{"class":349},[47,39257,75],{"class":61},[47,39259,2414],{"class":349},[47,39261,75],{"class":61},[47,39263,3108],{"class":349},[47,39265,75],{"class":61},[47,39267,5249],{"class":349},[47,39269,75],{"class":61},[47,39271,38056],{"class":349},[47,39273,95],{"class":61},[47,39275,39276,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39277,39278],{"class":53},"evens ",[47,39280,58],{"class":57},[47,39282,38067],{"class":138},[47,39284,117],{"class":61},[47,39286,38072],{"class":2714},[47,39288,38076],{"class":38075},[47,39290,172],{"class":61},[47,39292,4524],{"class":113},[47,39294,7048],{"class":57},[47,39296,2409],{"class":349},[47,39298,7053],{"class":57},[47,39300,350],{"class":349},[47,39302,75],{"class":61},[47,39304,4905],{"class":113},[47,39306,132],{"class":61},[47,39308,39309],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,39310,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,39312,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39324],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,39314,139],{"class":138},[47,39316,117],{"class":61},[47,39318,1892],{"class":106},[47,39320,117],{"class":61},[47,39322,39323],{"class":113},"evens",[47,39325,2266],{"class":61},[20,39327,372],{},[38,39329,39330],{"className":40,"code":39004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39331,39332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39333,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39335,669],{"class":61},[47,39337,2705],{"class":349},[47,39339,75],{"class":61},[47,39341,3108],{"class":349},[47,39343,75],{"class":61},[47,39345,38056],{"class":349},[47,39347,95],{"class":61},[20,39349,39350,39351,39353],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39352,6601],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[38,39355,39357],{"className":40,"code":39356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39358,39359,39391,39399,39403,39415,39431,39446,39450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39360,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39362,4270],{"class":53},[47,39364,58],{"class":57},[47,39366,62],{"class":61},[47,39368,917],{"class":349},[47,39370,75],{"class":61},[47,39372,2409],{"class":349},[47,39374,75],{"class":61},[47,39376,2414],{"class":349},[47,39378,75],{"class":61},[47,39380,3108],{"class":349},[47,39382,75],{"class":61},[47,39384,5249],{"class":349},[47,39386,75],{"class":61},[47,39388,38056],{"class":349},[47,39390,95],{"class":61},[47,39392,39393,39395,39397],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39394,39278],{"class":53},[47,39396,58],{"class":57},[47,39398,8485],{"class":61},[47,39400,39401],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,39402,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,39404,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,39406,6601],{"class":1107},[47,39408,7031],{"class":53},[47,39410,1114],{"class":1107},[47,39412,4905],{"class":53},[47,39414,7038],{"class":61},[47,39416,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,39418,7043],{"class":1107},[47,39420,7031],{"class":53},[47,39422,7048],{"class":57},[47,39424,2409],{"class":349},[47,39426,7053],{"class":57},[47,39428,350],{"class":349},[47,39430,7038],{"class":61},[47,39432,39433,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,39434,39435],{"class":53},"        evens",[47,39437,110],{"class":61},[47,39439,912],{"class":113},[47,39441,117],{"class":61},[47,39443,2889],{"class":113},[47,39445,132],{"class":61},[47,39447,39448],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,39449,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,39451,39452,39454,39456,39458],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,39453,139],{"class":138},[47,39455,117],{"class":61},[47,39457,39323],{"class":113},[47,39459,132],{"class":61},[20,39461,372],{},[38,39463,39464],{"className":40,"code":39004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39465,39466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39467,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39469,669],{"class":61},[47,39471,2705],{"class":349},[47,39473,75],{"class":61},[47,39475,3108],{"class":349},[47,39477,75],{"class":61},[47,39479,38056],{"class":349},[47,39481,95],{"class":61},[20,39483,39484],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[38,39486,39488],{"className":40,"code":39487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39489,39490,39522,39555,39559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39491,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39493,4270],{"class":53},[47,39495,58],{"class":57},[47,39497,62],{"class":61},[47,39499,917],{"class":349},[47,39501,75],{"class":61},[47,39503,2409],{"class":349},[47,39505,75],{"class":61},[47,39507,2414],{"class":349},[47,39509,75],{"class":61},[47,39511,3108],{"class":349},[47,39513,75],{"class":61},[47,39515,5249],{"class":349},[47,39517,75],{"class":61},[47,39519,38056],{"class":349},[47,39521,95],{"class":61},[47,39523,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39525,39278],{"class":53},[47,39527,58],{"class":57},[47,39529,62],{"class":61},[47,39531,2866],{"class":53},[47,39533,6601],{"class":1107},[47,39535,7031],{"class":53},[47,39537,1114],{"class":1107},[47,39539,39540],{"class":53}," numbers ",[47,39542,7642],{"class":1107},[47,39544,7031],{"class":53},[47,39546,7048],{"class":57},[47,39548,2409],{"class":349},[47,39550,7053],{"class":57},[47,39552,350],{"class":349},[47,39554,95],{"class":61},[47,39556,39557],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,39558,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,39560,39561,39563,39565,39567],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,39562,139],{"class":138},[47,39564,117],{"class":61},[47,39566,39323],{"class":113},[47,39568,132],{"class":61},[20,39570,372],{},[38,39572,39573],{"className":40,"code":39004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39574,39575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39576,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39578,669],{"class":61},[47,39580,2705],{"class":349},[47,39582,75],{"class":61},[47,39584,3108],{"class":349},[47,39586,75],{"class":61},[47,39588,38056],{"class":349},[47,39590,95],{"class":61},[20,39592,39593,39594,110],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[210,39595,39597],{"href":39596},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39599,1641],{"id":1640},[20,39601,1644,39602,110],{},[15,39603,37988],{},[244,39605,1968,39607,39609],{"id":39606},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39608,37988],{}," to return a list",[20,39611,39612],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[38,39614,39616],{"className":40,"code":39615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39617,39618,39660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39619,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39621,2879],{"class":53},[47,39623,58],{"class":57},[47,39625,38067],{"class":138},[47,39627,117],{"class":61},[47,39629,38072],{"class":2714},[47,39631,38076],{"class":38075},[47,39633,172],{"class":61},[47,39635,4524],{"class":113},[47,39637,4894],{"class":57},[47,39639,2409],{"class":349},[47,39641,75],{"class":61},[47,39643,62],{"class":61},[47,39645,917],{"class":349},[47,39647,75],{"class":61},[47,39649,2409],{"class":349},[47,39651,75],{"class":61},[47,39653,2414],{"class":349},[47,39655,75],{"class":61},[47,39657,3108],{"class":349},[47,39659,2166],{"class":61},[47,39661,39662,39664,39666,39668],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39663,139],{"class":138},[47,39665,117],{"class":61},[47,39667,2914],{"class":113},[47,39669,132],{"class":61},[20,39671,39672],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39674,39675],{},"Fix:",[38,39677,39679],{"className":40,"code":39678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39680,39681,39723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39682,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39684,2879],{"class":53},[47,39686,58],{"class":57},[47,39688,38067],{"class":138},[47,39690,117],{"class":61},[47,39692,38072],{"class":2714},[47,39694,38076],{"class":38075},[47,39696,172],{"class":61},[47,39698,4524],{"class":113},[47,39700,4894],{"class":57},[47,39702,2409],{"class":349},[47,39704,75],{"class":61},[47,39706,62],{"class":61},[47,39708,917],{"class":349},[47,39710,75],{"class":61},[47,39712,2409],{"class":349},[47,39714,75],{"class":61},[47,39716,2414],{"class":349},[47,39718,75],{"class":61},[47,39720,3108],{"class":349},[47,39722,2166],{"class":61},[47,39724,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39726,139],{"class":138},[47,39728,117],{"class":61},[47,39730,1892],{"class":106},[47,39732,117],{"class":61},[47,39734,2914],{"class":113},[47,39736,2266],{"class":61},[244,39738,39740,39741,3530,39743,39745],{"id":39739},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39742,4255],{},[15,39744,4326],{}," clearly",[20,39747,39748],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39750,39751],{},"Good example:",[38,39753,39755],{"className":40,"code":39754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39756,39757,39770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39758,39759,39761,39764,39766,39768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39760,35260],{"class":2714},[47,39762,39763],{"class":35263}," is_positive",[47,39765,117],{"class":61},[47,39767,2889],{"class":38075},[47,39769,8988],{"class":61},[47,39771,39772,39774,39776,39778],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39773,35271],{"class":1107},[47,39775,7031],{"class":53},[47,39777,4894],{"class":57},[47,39779,38926],{"class":349},[20,39781,39782],{},"Then use it with:",[38,39784,39786],{"className":40,"code":39785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39787,39788,39820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39789,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39791,4270],{"class":53},[47,39793,58],{"class":57},[47,39795,62],{"class":61},[47,39797,2670],{"class":57},[47,39799,2705],{"class":349},[47,39801,75],{"class":61},[47,39803,2871],{"class":57},[47,39805,917],{"class":349},[47,39807,75],{"class":61},[47,39809,350],{"class":349},[47,39811,75],{"class":61},[47,39813,2002],{"class":349},[47,39815,75],{"class":61},[47,39817,2409],{"class":349},[47,39819,95],{"class":61},[47,39821,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39837,39839,39841],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39823,139],{"class":138},[47,39825,117],{"class":61},[47,39827,1892],{"class":106},[47,39829,117],{"class":61},[47,39831,38014],{"class":138},[47,39833,117],{"class":61},[47,39835,39836],{"class":113},"is_positive",[47,39838,75],{"class":61},[47,39840,4905],{"class":113},[47,39842,2425],{"class":61},[20,39844,372],{},[38,39846,39848],{"className":40,"code":39847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39849,39850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39851,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39853,669],{"class":61},[47,39855,917],{"class":349},[47,39857,75],{"class":61},[47,39859,2409],{"class":349},[47,39861,95],{"class":61},[244,39863,39865],{"id":39864},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39867,39868],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[38,39870,39871],{"className":40,"code":38610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39872,39873,39915,39919,39933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39874,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39876,2879],{"class":53},[47,39878,58],{"class":57},[47,39880,38067],{"class":138},[47,39882,117],{"class":61},[47,39884,38072],{"class":2714},[47,39886,38076],{"class":38075},[47,39888,172],{"class":61},[47,39890,4524],{"class":113},[47,39892,4894],{"class":57},[47,39894,2409],{"class":349},[47,39896,75],{"class":61},[47,39898,62],{"class":61},[47,39900,917],{"class":349},[47,39902,75],{"class":61},[47,39904,2409],{"class":349},[47,39906,75],{"class":61},[47,39908,2414],{"class":349},[47,39910,75],{"class":61},[47,39912,3108],{"class":349},[47,39914,2166],{"class":61},[47,39916,39917],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39918,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,39920,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,39922,139],{"class":138},[47,39924,117],{"class":61},[47,39926,1892],{"class":106},[47,39928,117],{"class":61},[47,39930,2914],{"class":113},[47,39932,2266],{"class":61},[47,39934,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,39936,139],{"class":138},[47,39938,117],{"class":61},[47,39940,1892],{"class":106},[47,39942,117],{"class":61},[47,39944,2914],{"class":113},[47,39946,2266],{"class":61},[20,39948,372],{},[38,39950,39951],{"className":40,"code":38691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39952,39953,39965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39954,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39956,669],{"class":61},[47,39958,2711],{"class":349},[47,39960,75],{"class":61},[47,39962,3108],{"class":349},[47,39964,95],{"class":61},[47,39966,39967],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,39968,38710],{"class":61},[20,39970,39971],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[38,39973,39975],{"className":40,"code":39974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39976,39977,40023,40027,40037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39978,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40013,40015,40017,40019,40021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39980,2879],{"class":53},[47,39982,58],{"class":57},[47,39984,22962],{"class":106},[47,39986,117],{"class":61},[47,39988,38014],{"class":138},[47,39990,117],{"class":61},[47,39992,38072],{"class":2714},[47,39994,38076],{"class":38075},[47,39996,172],{"class":61},[47,39998,4524],{"class":113},[47,40000,4894],{"class":57},[47,40002,2409],{"class":349},[47,40004,75],{"class":61},[47,40006,62],{"class":61},[47,40008,917],{"class":349},[47,40010,75],{"class":61},[47,40012,2409],{"class":349},[47,40014,75],{"class":61},[47,40016,2414],{"class":349},[47,40018,75],{"class":61},[47,40020,3108],{"class":349},[47,40022,3649],{"class":61},[47,40024,40025],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40026,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,40028,40029,40031,40033,40035],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,40030,139],{"class":138},[47,40032,117],{"class":61},[47,40034,2914],{"class":113},[47,40036,132],{"class":61},[47,40038,40039,40041,40043,40045],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,40040,139],{"class":138},[47,40042,117],{"class":61},[47,40044,2914],{"class":113},[47,40046,132],{"class":61},[244,40048,40050],{"id":40049},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40052,40053],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40055,17253],{},[38,40057,40059],{"className":40,"code":40058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40060,40061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40062,40063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40064,40058],{"class":152},[20,40066,40067,40068,7195],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40069,2981],{},[20,40071,17265],{},[38,40073,40075],{"className":40,"code":40074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40076,40077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40078,40079,40081,40083,40085,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40080,139],{"class":138},[47,40082,117],{"class":61},[47,40084,1892],{"class":106},[47,40086,117],{"class":61},[47,40088,38014],{"class":138},[47,40090,117],{"class":61},[47,40092,38072],{"class":2714},[47,40094,38076],{"class":38075},[47,40096,172],{"class":61},[47,40098,4524],{"class":113},[47,40100,4894],{"class":57},[47,40102,2409],{"class":349},[47,40104,75],{"class":61},[47,40106,62],{"class":61},[47,40108,917],{"class":349},[47,40110,75],{"class":61},[47,40112,2409],{"class":349},[47,40114,75],{"class":61},[47,40116,2414],{"class":349},[47,40118,75],{"class":61},[47,40120,3108],{"class":349},[47,40122,37677],{"class":61},[244,40124,37616,40126,9350,40128],{"id":40125},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40127,37988],{},[15,40129,40130],{},"map()",[174,40132,40133,40138],{},[177,40134,40135,40137],{},[15,40136,37988],{}," keeps or removes items",[177,40139,40140,40142],{},[15,40141,40130],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40144,40145,40146,172],{},"Example of ",[15,40147,37988],{},[38,40149,40151],{"className":40,"code":40150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40152,40153,40177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40154,40155,40157,40159,40161,40163,40165,40167,40169,40171,40173,40175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40156,4270],{"class":53},[47,40158,58],{"class":57},[47,40160,62],{"class":61},[47,40162,917],{"class":349},[47,40164,75],{"class":61},[47,40166,2409],{"class":349},[47,40168,75],{"class":61},[47,40170,2414],{"class":349},[47,40172,75],{"class":61},[47,40174,3108],{"class":349},[47,40176,95],{"class":61},[47,40178,40179,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40180,139],{"class":138},[47,40182,117],{"class":61},[47,40184,1892],{"class":106},[47,40186,117],{"class":61},[47,40188,38014],{"class":138},[47,40190,117],{"class":61},[47,40192,38072],{"class":2714},[47,40194,38076],{"class":38075},[47,40196,172],{"class":61},[47,40198,4524],{"class":113},[47,40200,4894],{"class":57},[47,40202,2409],{"class":349},[47,40204,75],{"class":61},[47,40206,4905],{"class":113},[47,40208,2425],{"class":61},[20,40210,372],{},[38,40212,40214],{"className":40,"code":40213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40215,40216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40217,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40219,669],{"class":61},[47,40221,2711],{"class":349},[47,40223,75],{"class":61},[47,40225,3108],{"class":349},[47,40227,95],{"class":61},[20,40229,40145,40230,172],{},[15,40231,40130],{},[38,40233,40235],{"className":40,"code":40234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40236,40237,40261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40238,40239,40241,40243,40245,40247,40249,40251,40253,40255,40257,40259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40240,4270],{"class":53},[47,40242,58],{"class":57},[47,40244,62],{"class":61},[47,40246,917],{"class":349},[47,40248,75],{"class":61},[47,40250,2409],{"class":349},[47,40252,75],{"class":61},[47,40254,2414],{"class":349},[47,40256,75],{"class":61},[47,40258,3108],{"class":349},[47,40260,95],{"class":61},[47,40262,40263,40265,40267,40269,40271,40274,40276,40278,40280,40282,40284,40287,40289,40291,40293],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40264,139],{"class":138},[47,40266,117],{"class":61},[47,40268,1892],{"class":106},[47,40270,117],{"class":61},[47,40272,40273],{"class":138},"map",[47,40275,117],{"class":61},[47,40277,38072],{"class":2714},[47,40279,38076],{"class":38075},[47,40281,172],{"class":61},[47,40283,4524],{"class":113},[47,40285,40286],{"class":57},"*",[47,40288,2409],{"class":349},[47,40290,75],{"class":61},[47,40292,4905],{"class":113},[47,40294,2425],{"class":61},[20,40296,372],{},[38,40298,40300],{"className":40,"code":40299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40301,40302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40303,40304,40306,40308,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40305,669],{"class":61},[47,40307,2705],{"class":349},[47,40309,75],{"class":61},[47,40311,3108],{"class":349},[47,40313,75],{"class":61},[47,40315,38056],{"class":349},[47,40317,75],{"class":61},[47,40319,7004],{"class":349},[47,40321,95],{"class":61},[20,40323,40324,40325,110],{},"For the related function, see ",[210,40326,4226,40328,4159],{"href":40327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40329,40130],{},[33,40331,2429],{"id":2428},[244,40333,2433,40335,40337],{"id":40334},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40336,37988],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40339,40340,40341,40343],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40342,25184],{}," if needed.",[244,40345,40347,40348,40350],{"id":40346},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40349,37988],{}," need to return?",[20,40352,38295,40353,40355,40356,40358],{},[15,40354,4255],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40357,4326],{}," to remove it.",[244,40360,28733,40362,40364],{"id":40361},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40363,37988],{}," without lambda?",[20,40366,40367],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[244,40369,5785,40371,40374],{"id":40370},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40372,40373],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40376,40377,40378,40380,40381,17681,40383,110],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40379,436],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40382,269],{},[15,40384,4326],{},[244,40386,21822,40388,40390],{"id":40387},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40389,37988],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40392,40393,40394,40396],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40395,6601],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40398,40399],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[174,40401,40402,40408,40414],{},[177,40403,40404,40405,40407],{},"use ",[15,40406,37988],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[177,40409,40410,40411,40413],{},"use a ",[15,40412,6601],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[177,40415,40416],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40418,40419,40420,110],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[210,40421,5775],{"href":40422},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,40424,2526],{"id":2525},[174,40426,40427,40432,40436,40441,40447],{},[177,40428,40429],{},[210,40430,40431],{"href":38867},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[177,40433,40434],{},[210,40435,5865],{"href":40422},[177,40437,40438],{},[210,40439,40440],{"href":39596},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[177,40442,40443],{},[210,40444,4226,40445,4159],{"href":40327},[15,40446,40130],{},[177,40448,40449],{},[210,40450,5860],{"href":6231},[2563,40452,40453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":40455},[40456,40457,40459,40463,40466,40468,40470,40472,40474,40484,40496],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":38122,"depth":98,"text":40458},"What filter() does",{"id":38256,"depth":98,"text":38257,"children":40460},[40461,40462],{"id":38273,"depth":135,"text":38273},{"id":235,"depth":135,"text":235},{"id":38432,"depth":98,"text":38433,"children":40464},[40465],{"id":38603,"depth":135,"text":38604},{"id":38716,"depth":98,"text":40467},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38871,"depth":98,"text":40469},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39033,"depth":98,"text":40471},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39213,"depth":98,"text":40473},"When to use filter()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":40475},[40476,40478,40480,40481,40482],{"id":39606,"depth":135,"text":40477},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39739,"depth":135,"text":40479},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39864,"depth":135,"text":39865},{"id":40049,"depth":135,"text":40050},{"id":40125,"depth":135,"text":40483},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":40485},[40486,40488,40490,40492,40494],{"id":40334,"depth":135,"text":40487},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40346,"depth":135,"text":40489},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40361,"depth":135,"text":40491},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40370,"depth":135,"text":40493},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40387,"depth":135,"text":40495},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37980,"description":40497},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40504,"title":40505,"body":40506,"description":42659,"extension":2611,"meta":42660,"navigation":357,"path":42661,"seo":42662,"stem":42663,"__hash__":42664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40507,"toc":42613},[40508,40511,40516,40522,40524,40576,40578,40597,40602,40606,40611,40614,40629,40632,40654,40656,40705,40707,40731,40733,40735,40750,40755,40763,40778,40780,40789,40792,40827,40831,40836,40840,40847,40882,40884,40900,40904,40907,40948,40950,40964,40968,40971,40995,40997,41006,41010,41013,41046,41048,41061,41065,41071,41090,41092,41100,41104,41109,41113,41119,41142,41144,41173,41176,41195,41199,41202,41229,41231,41265,41269,41272,41296,41300,41311,41313,41318,41324,41326,41410,41412,41454,41457,41461,41468,41477,41533,41540,41549,41554,41558,41629,41631,41640,41644,41647,41691,41693,41702,41706,41712,41762,41766,41771,41775,41799,41801,41810,41814,41838,41840,41851,41855,41879,41881,41890,41893,41910,41916,41920,41926,41929,41934,41937,41958,41960,41992,41995,42000,42002,42013,42015,42059,42063,42070,42122,42124,42133,42137,42140,42233,42236,42260,42264,42267,42359,42364,42368,42375,42380,42404,42406,42415,42420,42443,42445,42453,42460,42483,42491,42493,42506,42516,42518,42522,42529,42533,42542,42546,42553,42557,42561,42565,42578,42580,42610],[10,40509,40505],{"id":40510},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40512,9768,40513,40515],{},[15,40514,3536],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40517,40518,40519,40521],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40520,3536],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[33,40523,36],{"id":35},[38,40525,40527],{"className":40,"code":40526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40528,40529,40543,40562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40530,40531,40533,40535,40537,40539,40541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40532,139],{"class":138},[47,40534,117],{"class":61},[47,40536,2841],{"class":106},[47,40538,117],{"class":61},[47,40540,2784],{"class":349},[47,40542,2266],{"class":61},[47,40544,40545,40547,40549,40551,40553,40555,40558,40560],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40546,139],{"class":138},[47,40548,117],{"class":61},[47,40550,2841],{"class":106},[47,40552,117],{"class":61},[47,40554,66],{"class":65},[47,40556,40557],{"class":69},"3.14",[47,40559,66],{"class":65},[47,40561,2266],{"class":61},[47,40563,40564,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,40565,139],{"class":138},[47,40567,117],{"class":61},[47,40569,2841],{"class":106},[47,40571,117],{"class":61},[47,40573,4255],{"class":559},[47,40575,2266],{"class":61},[20,40577,372],{},[38,40579,40581],{"className":40,"code":40580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40582,40583,40587,40592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40584,40585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40586,3130],{"class":349},[47,40588,40589],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40590,40591],{"class":349},"3.14\n",[47,40593,40594],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,40595,40596],{"class":349},"1.0\n",[20,40598,156,40599,40601],{},[15,40600,3536],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[33,40603,40605],{"id":40604},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40607,40608,40610],{},[15,40609,3536],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40612,40613],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[174,40615,40616,40620,40624],{},[177,40617,40618],{},[15,40619,3142],{},[177,40621,40622],{},[15,40623,40557],{},[177,40625,40626],{},[15,40627,40628],{},"0.5",[20,40630,40631],{},"A few key points:",[174,40633,40634,40641,40644,40647],{},[177,40635,40636,40638,40639],{},[15,40637,3536],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40640,2841],{},[177,40642,40643],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[177,40645,40646],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[177,40648,40649,40650],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[210,40651,40652],{"href":8865},[15,40653,3609],{},[20,40655,603],{},[38,40657,40659],{"className":40,"code":40658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40660,40661,40681,40691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40662,40663,40665,40667,40670,40672,40674,40677,40679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40664,2866],{"class":53},[47,40666,58],{"class":57},[47,40668,40669],{"class":106}," float",[47,40671,117],{"class":61},[47,40673,66],{"class":65},[47,40675,40676],{"class":69},"2.75",[47,40678,66],{"class":65},[47,40680,132],{"class":61},[47,40682,40683,40685,40687,40689],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40684,139],{"class":138},[47,40686,117],{"class":61},[47,40688,2889],{"class":113},[47,40690,132],{"class":61},[47,40692,40693,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,40694,139],{"class":138},[47,40696,117],{"class":61},[47,40698,2392],{"class":106},[47,40700,117],{"class":61},[47,40702,2889],{"class":113},[47,40704,2266],{"class":61},[20,40706,372],{},[38,40708,40710],{"className":40,"code":40709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40711,40712,40717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40713,40714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40715,40716],{"class":349},"2.75\n",[47,40718,40719,40721,40723,40725,40727,40729],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40720,3941],{"class":57},[47,40722,3944],{"class":2714},[47,40724,398],{"class":65},[47,40726,2841],{"class":69},[47,40728,385],{"class":65},[47,40730,3953],{"class":57},[33,40732,2806],{"id":2805},[20,40734,7863],{},[38,40736,40738],{"className":40,"code":40737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"float(value)\n",[15,40739,40740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40741,40742,40744,40746,40748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40743,2841],{"class":106},[47,40745,117],{"class":61},[47,40747,259],{"class":113},[47,40749,132],{"class":61},[20,40751,40752,40753,110],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40754,3536],{},[20,40756,40757,40758,40760,40761,172],{},"If you call ",[15,40759,3536],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40762,4419],{},[38,40764,40766],{"className":40,"code":40765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float())\n",[15,40767,40768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40769,40770,40772,40774,40776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40771,139],{"class":138},[47,40773,117],{"class":61},[47,40775,2841],{"class":106},[47,40777,7839],{"class":61},[20,40779,372],{},[38,40781,40783],{"className":40,"code":40782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0.0\n",[15,40784,40785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40786,40787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40788,40782],{"class":349},[20,40790,40791],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[38,40793,40795],{"className":40,"code":40794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40796,40797,40817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40798,40799,40802,40804,40806,40808,40810,40813,40815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40800,40801],{"class":53},"price ",[47,40803,58],{"class":57},[47,40805,40669],{"class":106},[47,40807,117],{"class":61},[47,40809,66],{"class":65},[47,40811,40812],{"class":69},"19.99",[47,40814,66],{"class":65},[47,40816,132],{"class":61},[47,40818,40819,40821,40823,40825],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40820,139],{"class":138},[47,40822,117],{"class":61},[47,40824,25553],{"class":113},[47,40826,132],{"class":61},[33,40828,40830],{"id":40829},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40832,40833,40835],{},[15,40834,3536],{}," can convert several common value types.",[244,40837,40839],{"id":40838},"integers","Integers",[20,40841,40842,40843,40846],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40844,40845],{},".0"," added:",[38,40848,40850],{"className":40,"code":40849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40851,40852,40866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40853,40854,40856,40858,40860,40862,40864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40855,139],{"class":138},[47,40857,117],{"class":61},[47,40859,2841],{"class":106},[47,40861,117],{"class":61},[47,40863,2784],{"class":349},[47,40865,2266],{"class":61},[47,40867,40868,40870,40872,40874,40876,40878,40880],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40869,139],{"class":138},[47,40871,117],{"class":61},[47,40873,2841],{"class":106},[47,40875,117],{"class":61},[47,40877,2670],{"class":57},[47,40879,2705],{"class":349},[47,40881,2266],{"class":61},[20,40883,372],{},[38,40885,40887],{"className":40,"code":40886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40888,40889,40893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40890,40891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40892,3130],{"class":349},[47,40894,40895,40897],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40896,2670],{"class":57},[47,40898,40899],{"class":349},"2.0\n",[244,40901,40903],{"id":40902},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40905,40906],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[38,40908,40910],{"className":40,"code":40909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40911,40912,40930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40913,40914,40916,40918,40920,40922,40924,40926,40928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40915,139],{"class":138},[47,40917,117],{"class":61},[47,40919,2841],{"class":106},[47,40921,117],{"class":61},[47,40923,66],{"class":65},[47,40925,40557],{"class":69},[47,40927,66],{"class":65},[47,40929,2266],{"class":61},[47,40931,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944,40946],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40933,139],{"class":138},[47,40935,117],{"class":61},[47,40937,2841],{"class":106},[47,40939,117],{"class":61},[47,40941,66],{"class":65},[47,40943,2981],{"class":69},[47,40945,66],{"class":65},[47,40947,2266],{"class":61},[20,40949,372],{},[38,40951,40953],{"className":40,"code":40952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40954,40955,40959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40956,40957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40958,40591],{"class":349},[47,40960,40961],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,40962,40963],{"class":349},"10.0\n",[244,40965,40967],{"id":40966},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40969,40970],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[38,40972,40974],{"className":40,"code":40973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40975,40976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40977,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40988,40991,40993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40979,139],{"class":138},[47,40981,117],{"class":61},[47,40983,2841],{"class":106},[47,40985,117],{"class":61},[47,40987,66],{"class":65},[47,40989,40990],{"class":69},"  8.5  ",[47,40992,66],{"class":65},[47,40994,2266],{"class":61},[20,40996,372],{},[38,40998,41000],{"className":40,"code":40999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8.5\n",[15,41001,41002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41003,41004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41005,40999],{"class":349},[244,41007,41009],{"id":41008},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41011,41012],{},"Boolean values also work:",[38,41014,41016],{"className":40,"code":41015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41017,41018,41032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41019,41020,41022,41024,41026,41028,41030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41021,139],{"class":138},[47,41023,117],{"class":61},[47,41025,2841],{"class":106},[47,41027,117],{"class":61},[47,41029,4255],{"class":559},[47,41031,2266],{"class":61},[47,41033,41034,41036,41038,41040,41042,41044],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41035,139],{"class":138},[47,41037,117],{"class":61},[47,41039,2841],{"class":106},[47,41041,117],{"class":61},[47,41043,4326],{"class":559},[47,41045,2266],{"class":61},[20,41047,372],{},[38,41049,41051],{"className":40,"code":41050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41052,41053,41057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41054,41055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41056,40596],{"class":349},[47,41058,41059],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41060,40782],{"class":349},[244,41062,41064],{"id":41063},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41066,41067,41068,41070],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41069,3536],{}," returns a float version of it:",[38,41072,41074],{"className":40,"code":41073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41075,41076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41077,41078,41080,41082,41084,41086,41088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41079,139],{"class":138},[47,41081,117],{"class":61},[47,41083,2841],{"class":106},[47,41085,117],{"class":61},[47,41087,3013],{"class":349},[47,41089,2266],{"class":61},[20,41091,372],{},[38,41093,41094],{"className":40,"code":3037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,41095,41096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41097,41098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41099,3037],{"class":349},[33,41101,41103],{"id":41102},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41105,41106,41107,110],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41108,3536],{},[244,41110,41112],{"id":41111},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41114,41115,41116,172],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41117,41118],{},"ValueError",[38,41120,41122],{"className":40,"code":41121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41123,41124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41125,41126,41128,41130,41132,41134,41136,41138,41140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41127,139],{"class":138},[47,41129,117],{"class":61},[47,41131,2841],{"class":106},[47,41133,117],{"class":61},[47,41135,66],{"class":65},[47,41137,4492],{"class":69},[47,41139,66],{"class":65},[47,41141,2266],{"class":61},[20,41143,30086],{},[38,41145,41147],{"className":40,"code":41146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41148,41149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41150,41151,41153,41155,41158,41160,41163,41165,41167,41169,41171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41152,41118],{"class":106},[47,41154,172],{"class":61},[47,41156,41157],{"class":53}," could ",[47,41159,1369],{"class":57},[47,41161,41162],{"class":53}," convert string to ",[47,41164,2841],{"class":106},[47,41166,172],{"class":61},[47,41168,398],{"class":65},[47,41170,4492],{"class":69},[47,41172,30105],{"class":65},[20,41174,41175],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[38,41177,41179],{"className":40,"code":41178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41180,41181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41182,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191,41193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41184,139],{"class":138},[47,41186,117],{"class":61},[47,41188,2841],{"class":106},[47,41190,117],{"class":61},[47,41192,6916],{"class":65},[47,41194,2266],{"class":61},[244,41196,41198],{"id":41197},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41200,41201],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[38,41203,41205],{"className":40,"code":41204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41206,41207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41208,41209,41211,41213,41215,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225,41227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41210,139],{"class":138},[47,41212,117],{"class":61},[47,41214,2841],{"class":106},[47,41216,1258],{"class":61},[47,41218,917],{"class":349},[47,41220,75],{"class":61},[47,41222,2409],{"class":349},[47,41224,75],{"class":61},[47,41226,2414],{"class":349},[47,41228,3649],{"class":61},[20,41230,30086],{},[38,41232,41234],{"className":40,"code":41233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41235,41236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41237,41238,41240,41242,41244,41246,41249,41252,41255,41257,41259,41261,41263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41239,3655],{"class":106},[47,41241,172],{"class":61},[47,41243,40669],{"class":106},[47,41245,8011],{"class":61},[47,41247,41248],{"class":53}," argument must be a string ",[47,41250,41251],{"class":57},"or",[47,41253,41254],{"class":53}," a real number",[47,41256,75],{"class":61},[47,41258,8745],{"class":57},[47,41260,398],{"class":65},[47,41262,1892],{"class":69},[47,41264,30105],{"class":65},[244,41266,41268],{"id":41267},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41270,41271],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[38,41273,41275],{"className":40,"code":41274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41276,41277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41278,41279,41281,41283,41285,41287,41289,41292,41294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41280,139],{"class":138},[47,41282,117],{"class":61},[47,41284,2841],{"class":106},[47,41286,117],{"class":61},[47,41288,66],{"class":65},[47,41290,41291],{"class":69},"3,14",[47,41293,66],{"class":65},[47,41295,2266],{"class":61},[20,41297,3652,41298,110],{},[15,41299,41118],{},[20,41301,41302,41303,5036,41307,110],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[210,41304,41306],{"href":41305},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[210,41308,41310],{"href":41309},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[33,41312,273],{"id":272},[20,41314,41315,41317],{},[15,41316,3536],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41319,41320,41321,41323],{},"It does ",[278,41322,1369],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41325,603],{},[38,41327,41329],{"className":40,"code":41328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41330,41331,41344,41358,41362,41372,41382,41396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41332,41333,41335,41337,41339,41342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41334,35096],{"class":53},[47,41336,58],{"class":57},[47,41338,78],{"class":65},[47,41340,41341],{"class":69},"6.5",[47,41343,689],{"class":65},[47,41345,41346,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41347,2866],{"class":53},[47,41349,58],{"class":57},[47,41351,40669],{"class":106},[47,41353,117],{"class":61},[47,41355,35117],{"class":113},[47,41357,132],{"class":61},[47,41359,41360],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,41361,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,41363,41364,41366,41368,41370],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,41365,139],{"class":138},[47,41367,117],{"class":61},[47,41369,35117],{"class":113},[47,41371,132],{"class":61},[47,41373,41374,41376,41378,41380],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,41375,139],{"class":138},[47,41377,117],{"class":61},[47,41379,2889],{"class":113},[47,41381,132],{"class":61},[47,41383,41384,41386,41388,41390,41392,41394],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,41385,139],{"class":138},[47,41387,117],{"class":61},[47,41389,2392],{"class":106},[47,41391,117],{"class":61},[47,41393,35117],{"class":113},[47,41395,2266],{"class":61},[47,41397,41398,41400,41402,41404,41406,41408],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,41399,139],{"class":138},[47,41401,117],{"class":61},[47,41403,2392],{"class":106},[47,41405,117],{"class":61},[47,41407,2889],{"class":113},[47,41409,2266],{"class":61},[20,41411,372],{},[38,41413,41415],{"className":40,"code":41414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41416,41417,41422,41426,41440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41418,41419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41420,41421],{"class":349},"6.5\n",[47,41423,41424],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41425,41421],{"class":349},[47,41427,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436,41438],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,41429,3941],{"class":57},[47,41431,3944],{"class":2714},[47,41433,398],{"class":65},[47,41435,4093],{"class":69},[47,41437,385],{"class":65},[47,41439,3953],{"class":57},[47,41441,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450,41452],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,41443,3941],{"class":57},[47,41445,3944],{"class":2714},[47,41447,398],{"class":65},[47,41449,2841],{"class":69},[47,41451,385],{"class":65},[47,41453,3953],{"class":57},[20,41455,41456],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[33,41458,41460],{"id":41459},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[244,41462,41464,41465,41467],{"id":41463},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41466,3609],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41469,2628,41470,41474,41475,110],{},[210,41471,41472,2953],{"href":8865},[15,41473,3609],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41476,3536],{},[38,41478,41480],{"className":40,"code":41479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41481,41482,41501,41515,41519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41483,41484,41486,41488,41490,41492,41494,41497,41499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41485,8883],{"class":53},[47,41487,58],{"class":57},[47,41489,8888],{"class":138},[47,41491,117],{"class":61},[47,41493,66],{"class":65},[47,41495,41496],{"class":69},"Enter a price: ",[47,41498,66],{"class":65},[47,41500,132],{"class":61},[47,41502,41503,41505,41507,41509,41511,41513],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41504,40801],{"class":53},[47,41506,58],{"class":57},[47,41508,40669],{"class":106},[47,41510,117],{"class":61},[47,41512,8912],{"class":113},[47,41514,132],{"class":61},[47,41516,41517],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,41518,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,41520,41521,41523,41525,41527,41529,41531],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,41522,139],{"class":138},[47,41524,117],{"class":61},[47,41526,40801],{"class":113},[47,41528,40286],{"class":57},[47,41530,2409],{"class":349},[47,41532,132],{"class":61},[20,41534,41535,41536,41539],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41537,41538],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[38,41541,41543],{"className":40,"code":41542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"9.0\n",[15,41544,41545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41546,41547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41548,41542],{"class":349},[20,41550,41551,41552,110],{},"For more help with this, see ",[210,41553,9626],{"href":9625},[244,41555,41557],{"id":41556},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[38,41559,41561],{"className":40,"code":41560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41562,41563,41576,41589,41593,41618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41564,41565,41567,41569,41571,41574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41566,3206],{"class":53},[47,41568,58],{"class":57},[47,41570,78],{"class":65},[47,41572,41573],{"class":69},"2.5",[47,41575,689],{"class":65},[47,41577,41578,41580,41582,41584,41587],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41579,3234],{"class":53},[47,41581,58],{"class":57},[47,41583,78],{"class":65},[47,41585,41586],{"class":69},"1.5",[47,41588,689],{"class":65},[47,41590,41591],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,41592,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,41594,41595,41598,41600,41602,41604,41606,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,41596,41597],{"class":53},"total ",[47,41599,58],{"class":57},[47,41601,40669],{"class":106},[47,41603,117],{"class":61},[47,41605,210],{"class":113},[47,41607,4313],{"class":61},[47,41609,3105],{"class":57},[47,41611,40669],{"class":106},[47,41613,117],{"class":61},[47,41615,854],{"class":113},[47,41617,132],{"class":61},[47,41619,41620,41622,41624,41627],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,41621,139],{"class":138},[47,41623,117],{"class":61},[47,41625,41626],{"class":113},"total",[47,41628,132],{"class":61},[20,41630,372],{},[38,41632,41634],{"className":40,"code":41633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.0\n",[15,41635,41636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41637,41638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41639,41633],{"class":349},[244,41641,41643],{"id":41642},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41645,41646],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[38,41648,41650],{"className":40,"code":41649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41651,41652,41662,41677,41681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41653,41654,41657,41659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41655,41656],{"class":53},"count ",[47,41658,58],{"class":57},[47,41660,41661],{"class":349}," 7\n",[47,41663,41664,41666,41668,41670,41672,41675],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41665,2879],{"class":53},[47,41667,58],{"class":57},[47,41669,40669],{"class":106},[47,41671,117],{"class":61},[47,41673,41674],{"class":113},"count",[47,41676,132],{"class":61},[47,41678,41679],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,41680,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,41682,41683,41685,41687,41689],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,41684,139],{"class":138},[47,41686,117],{"class":61},[47,41688,2914],{"class":113},[47,41690,132],{"class":61},[20,41692,372],{},[38,41694,41696],{"className":40,"code":41695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.0\n",[15,41697,41698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41699,41700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41701,41695],{"class":349},[244,41703,41705],{"id":41704},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41707,41708,41709,41711],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41710,3536],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[38,41713,41715],{"className":40,"code":41714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41716,41717,41731,41747,41751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41718,41719,41722,41724,41726,41729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41720,41721],{"class":53},"temperature_text ",[47,41723,58],{"class":57},[47,41725,78],{"class":65},[47,41727,41728],{"class":69},"21.8",[47,41730,689],{"class":65},[47,41732,41733,41736,41738,41740,41742,41745],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41734,41735],{"class":53},"temperature ",[47,41737,58],{"class":57},[47,41739,40669],{"class":106},[47,41741,117],{"class":61},[47,41743,41744],{"class":113},"temperature_text",[47,41746,132],{"class":61},[47,41748,41749],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,41750,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,41752,41753,41755,41757,41760],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,41754,139],{"class":138},[47,41756,117],{"class":61},[47,41758,41759],{"class":113},"temperature",[47,41761,132],{"class":61},[33,41763,41765],{"id":41764},"special-values","Special values",[20,41767,41768,41770],{},[15,41769,3536],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[244,41772,41774],{"id":41773},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[38,41776,41778],{"className":40,"code":41777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41779,41780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41781,41782,41784,41786,41788,41790,41792,41795,41797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41783,139],{"class":138},[47,41785,117],{"class":61},[47,41787,2841],{"class":106},[47,41789,117],{"class":61},[47,41791,66],{"class":65},[47,41793,41794],{"class":69},"inf",[47,41796,66],{"class":65},[47,41798,2266],{"class":61},[20,41800,372],{},[38,41802,41804],{"className":40,"code":41803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"inf\n",[15,41805,41806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41807,41808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41809,41803],{"class":53},[244,41811,41813],{"id":41812},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[38,41815,41817],{"className":40,"code":41816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41818,41819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41820,41821,41823,41825,41827,41829,41831,41834,41836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41822,139],{"class":138},[47,41824,117],{"class":61},[47,41826,2841],{"class":106},[47,41828,117],{"class":61},[47,41830,66],{"class":65},[47,41832,41833],{"class":69},"-inf",[47,41835,66],{"class":65},[47,41837,2266],{"class":61},[20,41839,372],{},[38,41841,41843],{"className":40,"code":41842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-inf\n",[15,41844,41845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41846,41847,41849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41848,2670],{"class":57},[47,41850,41803],{"class":53},[244,41852,41854],{"id":41853},"not-a-number","Not a number",[38,41856,41858],{"className":40,"code":41857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41859,41860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41861,41862,41864,41866,41868,41870,41872,41875,41877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41863,139],{"class":138},[47,41865,117],{"class":61},[47,41867,2841],{"class":106},[47,41869,117],{"class":61},[47,41871,66],{"class":65},[47,41873,41874],{"class":69},"nan",[47,41876,66],{"class":65},[47,41878,2266],{"class":61},[20,41880,372],{},[38,41882,41884],{"className":40,"code":41883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nan\n",[15,41885,41886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41887,41888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41889,41883],{"class":53},[20,41891,41892],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[174,41894,41895,41900,41905],{},[177,41896,41897,41899],{},[15,41898,41794],{}," means positive infinity",[177,41901,41902,41904],{},[15,41903,41833],{}," means negative infinity",[177,41906,41907,41909],{},[15,41908,41874],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41911,41912,41913,41915],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41914,3536],{}," accepts them.",[33,41917,41919],{"id":41918},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41921,41922,41923,41925],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41924,3536],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[244,41927,41118],{"id":41928},"valueerror",[20,41930,15799,41931,41933],{},[15,41932,41118],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41935,41936],{},"Common causes:",[174,41938,41939,41945,41948,41951],{},[177,41940,41941,41942],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41943,41944],{},"\"abc\"",[177,41946,41947],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[177,41949,41950],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[177,41952,5348,41953],{},[210,41954,41955,41957],{"href":8865},[15,41956,3609],{}," returns a string",[20,41959,603],{},[38,41961,41963],{"className":40,"code":41962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41964,41965,41978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41966,41967,41969,41971,41973,41976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41968,3098],{"class":53},[47,41970,58],{"class":57},[47,41972,78],{"class":65},[47,41974,41975],{"class":69},"abc",[47,41977,689],{"class":65},[47,41979,41980,41982,41984,41986,41988,41990],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,41981,139],{"class":138},[47,41983,117],{"class":61},[47,41985,2841],{"class":106},[47,41987,117],{"class":61},[47,41989,259],{"class":113},[47,41991,2266],{"class":61},[244,41993,3655],{"id":41994},"typeerror",[20,41996,15799,41997,41999],{},[15,41998,3655],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42001,41936],{},[174,42003,42004,42007,42010],{},[177,42005,42006],{},"Passing a list",[177,42008,42009],{},"Passing a dictionary",[177,42011,42012],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42014,603],{},[38,42016,42018],{"className":40,"code":42017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42019,42020,42045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42021,42022,42024,42026,42028,42030,42032,42034,42036,42038,42041,42043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42023,3098],{"class":53},[47,42025,58],{"class":57},[47,42027,1096],{"class":61},[47,42029,66],{"class":65},[47,42031,25553],{"class":69},[47,42033,66],{"class":65},[47,42035,172],{"class":61},[47,42037,78],{"class":65},[47,42039,42040],{"class":69},"9.99",[47,42042,66],{"class":65},[47,42044,421],{"class":61},[47,42046,42047,42049,42051,42053,42055,42057],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,42048,139],{"class":138},[47,42050,117],{"class":61},[47,42052,2841],{"class":106},[47,42054,117],{"class":61},[47,42056,259],{"class":113},[47,42058,2266],{"class":61},[244,42060,42062],{"id":42061},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42064,42065,42066,42069],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42067,42068],{},"strip()"," can help:",[38,42071,42073],{"className":40,"code":42072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42074,42075,42088,42103,42107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42076,42077,42079,42081,42083,42086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42078,3098],{"class":53},[47,42080,58],{"class":57},[47,42082,78],{"class":65},[47,42084,42085],{"class":69},"  7.25  ",[47,42087,689],{"class":65},[47,42089,42090,42093,42095,42097,42099,42101],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,42091,42092],{"class":53},"clean_value ",[47,42094,58],{"class":57},[47,42096,240],{"class":53},[47,42098,110],{"class":61},[47,42100,9279],{"class":113},[47,42102,9288],{"class":61},[47,42104,42105],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,42106,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,42108,42109,42111,42113,42115,42117,42120],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,42110,139],{"class":138},[47,42112,117],{"class":61},[47,42114,2841],{"class":106},[47,42116,117],{"class":61},[47,42118,42119],{"class":113},"clean_value",[47,42121,2266],{"class":61},[20,42123,372],{},[38,42125,42127],{"className":40,"code":42126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.25\n",[15,42128,42129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42130,42131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42132,42126],{"class":349},[244,42134,42136],{"id":42135},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42138,42139],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[38,42141,42143],{"className":40,"code":42142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42144,42145,42158,42162,42172,42186,42201,42205,42219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42146,42147,42149,42151,42153,42156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42148,3098],{"class":53},[47,42150,58],{"class":57},[47,42152,78],{"class":65},[47,42154,42155],{"class":69}," 3.5 ",[47,42157,689],{"class":65},[47,42159,42160],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,42161,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,42163,42164,42166,42168,42170],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,42165,139],{"class":138},[47,42167,117],{"class":61},[47,42169,259],{"class":113},[47,42171,132],{"class":61},[47,42173,42174,42176,42178,42180,42182,42184],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,42175,139],{"class":138},[47,42177,117],{"class":61},[47,42179,2392],{"class":106},[47,42181,117],{"class":61},[47,42183,259],{"class":113},[47,42185,2266],{"class":61},[47,42187,42188,42190,42192,42195,42197,42199],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,42189,139],{"class":138},[47,42191,117],{"class":61},[47,42193,42194],{"class":138},"repr",[47,42196,117],{"class":61},[47,42198,259],{"class":113},[47,42200,2266],{"class":61},[47,42202,42203],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,42204,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,42206,42207,42209,42211,42213,42215,42217],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,42208,42092],{"class":53},[47,42210,58],{"class":57},[47,42212,240],{"class":53},[47,42214,110],{"class":61},[47,42216,9279],{"class":113},[47,42218,9288],{"class":61},[47,42220,42221,42223,42225,42227,42229,42231],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,42222,139],{"class":138},[47,42224,117],{"class":61},[47,42226,2841],{"class":106},[47,42228,117],{"class":61},[47,42230,42119],{"class":113},[47,42232,2266],{"class":61},[20,42234,42235],{},"Why this helps:",[174,42237,42238,42244,42249,42255],{},[177,42239,42240,42243],{},[15,42241,42242],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[177,42245,42246,21769],{},[15,42247,42248],{},"print(type(value))",[177,42250,42251,42254],{},[15,42252,42253],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[177,42256,42257,42259],{},[15,42258,42068],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[244,42261,42263],{"id":42262},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42265,42266],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[38,42268,42270],{"className":40,"code":42269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42271,42272,42291,42295,42301,42316,42335,42344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42273,42274,42276,42278,42280,42282,42284,42287,42289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42275,3098],{"class":53},[47,42277,58],{"class":57},[47,42279,8888],{"class":138},[47,42281,117],{"class":61},[47,42283,66],{"class":65},[47,42285,42286],{"class":69},"Enter a number: ",[47,42288,66],{"class":65},[47,42290,132],{"class":61},[47,42292,42293],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,42294,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,42296,42297,42299],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,42298,30209],{"class":1107},[47,42300,7038],{"class":61},[47,42302,42303,42306,42308,42310,42312,42314],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,42304,42305],{"class":53},"    number ",[47,42307,58],{"class":57},[47,42309,40669],{"class":106},[47,42311,117],{"class":61},[47,42313,259],{"class":113},[47,42315,132],{"class":61},[47,42317,42318,42320,42322,42324,42327,42329,42331,42333],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,42319,8715],{"class":138},[47,42321,117],{"class":61},[47,42323,66],{"class":65},[47,42325,42326],{"class":69},"Converted:",[47,42328,66],{"class":65},[47,42330,75],{"class":61},[47,42332,2846],{"class":113},[47,42334,132],{"class":61},[47,42336,42337,42339,42342],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,42338,30240],{"class":1107},[47,42340,42341],{"class":106}," ValueError",[47,42343,7038],{"class":61},[47,42345,42346,42348,42350,42352,42355,42357],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,42347,8715],{"class":138},[47,42349,117],{"class":61},[47,42351,66],{"class":65},[47,42353,42354],{"class":69},"That is not a valid number.",[47,42356,66],{"class":65},[47,42358,132],{"class":61},[20,42360,42361,42362,110],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[210,42363,41310],{"href":41309},[33,42365,42367],{"id":42366},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42369,11227,42370,5036,42372,42374],{},[15,42371,3536],{},[15,42373,3529],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42376,42377,42379],{},[15,42378,3536],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[38,42381,42383],{"className":40,"code":42382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42384,42385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42386,42387,42389,42391,42393,42395,42397,42400,42402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42388,139],{"class":138},[47,42390,117],{"class":61},[47,42392,2841],{"class":106},[47,42394,117],{"class":61},[47,42396,66],{"class":65},[47,42398,42399],{"class":69},"3.9",[47,42401,66],{"class":65},[47,42403,2266],{"class":61},[20,42405,372],{},[38,42407,42409],{"className":40,"code":42408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.9\n",[15,42410,42411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42412,42413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42414,42408],{"class":349},[20,42416,42417,42419],{},[15,42418,3529],{}," creates whole numbers:",[38,42421,42423],{"className":40,"code":42422,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42424,42425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42426,42427,42429,42431,42433,42435,42437,42439,42441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42428,139],{"class":138},[47,42430,117],{"class":61},[47,42432,2837],{"class":106},[47,42434,117],{"class":61},[47,42436,66],{"class":65},[47,42438,2981],{"class":69},[47,42440,66],{"class":65},[47,42442,2266],{"class":61},[20,42444,372],{},[38,42446,42447],{"className":40,"code":3027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42448,42449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42450,42451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42452,3027],{"class":349},[20,42454,42455,42456,42459],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42457,42458],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[38,42461,42463],{"className":40,"code":42462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42464,42465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42466,42467,42469,42471,42473,42475,42477,42479,42481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42468,139],{"class":138},[47,42470,117],{"class":61},[47,42472,2837],{"class":106},[47,42474,117],{"class":61},[47,42476,66],{"class":65},[47,42478,42399],{"class":69},[47,42480,66],{"class":65},[47,42482,2266],{"class":61},[20,42484,3652,42485,9246,42487,42490],{},[15,42486,41118],{},[15,42488,42489],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42492,11350],{},[174,42494,42495,42501],{},[177,42496,42497,42500],{},[15,42498,42499],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[177,42502,42503,42505],{},[15,42504,42458],{}," fails",[20,42507,42508,42509,42512,42513,42515],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[210,42510,42511],{"href":3526},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[210,42514,3071],{"href":3070}," helpful.",[33,42517,2429],{"id":2428},[244,42519,42521],{"id":42520},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42523,42524,42525,3530,42527,110],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42526,3142],{},[15,42528,40557],{},[244,42530,42532],{"id":42531},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42534,42535,42536,3530,42539,110],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42537,42538],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42540,42541],{},"\"10\"",[244,42543,42545],{"id":42544},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42547,29466,42548,42550,42551,110],{},[15,42549,41944],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42552,41118],{},[244,42554,42556],{"id":42555},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42558,5791,42559,110],{},[15,42560,4419],{},[244,42562,42564],{"id":42563},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42566,42567,42568,42570,42571,5036,42574,42570,42576,110],{},"Yes. ",[15,42569,4255],{}," becomes ",[15,42572,42573],{},"1.0",[15,42575,4326],{},[15,42577,4419],{},[33,42579,2526],{"id":2525},[174,42581,42582,42586,42592,42597,42601,42605],{},[177,42583,42584],{},[210,42585,42511],{"href":3526},[177,42587,42588],{},[210,42589,42591],{"href":42590},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[177,42593,42594],{},[210,42595,42596],{"href":41305},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[177,42598,42599],{},[210,42600,9703],{"href":9625},[177,42602,42603],{},[210,42604,41310],{"href":41309},[177,42606,42607],{},[210,42608,42609],{"href":8865},"Python input() Function Explained",[2563,42611,42612],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":42614},[42615,42616,42617,42618,42625,42630,42631,42638,42643,42650,42651,42658],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":40604,"depth":98,"text":40605},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":40829,"depth":98,"text":40830,"children":42619},[42620,42621,42622,42623,42624],{"id":40838,"depth":135,"text":40839},{"id":40902,"depth":135,"text":40903},{"id":40966,"depth":135,"text":40967},{"id":41008,"depth":135,"text":41009},{"id":41063,"depth":135,"text":41064},{"id":41102,"depth":98,"text":41103,"children":42626},[42627,42628,42629],{"id":41111,"depth":135,"text":41112},{"id":41197,"depth":135,"text":41198},{"id":41267,"depth":135,"text":41268},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":41459,"depth":98,"text":41460,"children":42632},[42633,42635,42636,42637],{"id":41463,"depth":135,"text":42634},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41556,"depth":135,"text":41557},{"id":41642,"depth":135,"text":41643},{"id":41704,"depth":135,"text":41705},{"id":41764,"depth":98,"text":41765,"children":42639},[42640,42641,42642],{"id":41773,"depth":135,"text":41774},{"id":41812,"depth":135,"text":41813},{"id":41853,"depth":135,"text":41854},{"id":41918,"depth":98,"text":41919,"children":42644},[42645,42646,42647,42648,42649],{"id":41928,"depth":135,"text":41118},{"id":41994,"depth":135,"text":3655},{"id":42061,"depth":135,"text":42062},{"id":42135,"depth":135,"text":42136},{"id":42262,"depth":135,"text":42263},{"id":42366,"depth":98,"text":42367},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":42652},[42653,42654,42655,42656,42657],{"id":42520,"depth":135,"text":42521},{"id":42531,"depth":135,"text":42532},{"id":42544,"depth":135,"text":42545},{"id":42555,"depth":135,"text":42556},{"id":42563,"depth":135,"text":42564},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40505,"description":42659},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42666,"title":42667,"body":42668,"description":43889,"extension":2611,"meta":43890,"navigation":357,"path":35433,"seo":43891,"stem":43892,"__hash__":43893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42669,"toc":43855},[42670,42673,42678,42681,42683,42722,42736,42740,42745,42748,42765,42768,42778,42793,42796,42798,42801,42817,42820,42823,42843,42847,42858,42861,42865,42869,42883,42918,42922,42933,42968,42971,42973,42981,43014,43030,43032,43042,43063,43074,43076,43081,43084,43098,43100,43119,43122,43135,43138,43142,43146,43160,43163,43181,43184,43199,43203,43208,43222,43228,43230,43287,43289,43322,43325,43341,43345,43352,43356,43361,43364,43375,43379,43384,43399,43408,43413,43432,43435,43447,43449,43454,43464,43467,43496,43501,43510,43514,43519,43522,43526,43531,43533,43563,43566,43573,43578,43583,43587,43590,43598,43601,43679,43682,43704,43706,43710,43713,43717,43723,43786,43790,43798,43802,43805,43807,43832,43852],[10,42671,42667],{"id":42672},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42674,4233,42675,42677],{},[15,42676,35436],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42679,42680],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[33,42682,36],{"id":35},[38,42684,42686],{"className":40,"code":42685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42687,42688,42698,42708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42689,42690,42692,42694,42696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42691,32559],{"class":138},[47,42693,117],{"class":61},[47,42695,11798],{"class":138},[47,42697,132],{"class":61},[47,42699,42700,42702,42704,42706],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,42701,32559],{"class":138},[47,42703,117],{"class":61},[47,42705,4093],{"class":106},[47,42707,132],{"class":61},[47,42709,42710,42712,42714,42716,42718,42720],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,42711,32559],{"class":138},[47,42713,117],{"class":61},[47,42715,385],{"class":65},[47,42717,35067],{"class":69},[47,42719,385],{"class":65},[47,42721,132],{"class":61},[20,42723,156,42724,42726,42727,3530,42729,42731,42732,42735],{},[15,42725,35436],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42728,11798],{},[15,42730,4093],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42733,42734],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[33,42737,42739],{"id":42738},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42741,42742,42744],{},[15,42743,35436],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42746,42747],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[174,42749,42750,42753,42756,42759,42762],{},[177,42751,42752],{},"Functions",[177,42754,42755],{},"Classes",[177,42757,42758],{},"Methods",[177,42760,42761],{},"Modules",[177,42763,42764],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42766,42767],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42769,42770,42771,42777],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[210,42772,42774],{"href":42773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42775,42776],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[38,42779,42781],{"className":40,"code":42780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\n",[15,42782,42783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42784,42785,42787,42789,42791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42786,32559],{"class":138},[47,42788,117],{"class":61},[47,42790,11798],{"class":138},[47,42792,132],{"class":61},[20,42794,42795],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[33,42797,2806],{"id":2805},[20,42799,42800],{},"The main form is:",[38,42802,42804],{"className":40,"code":42803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(object)\n",[15,42805,42806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42807,42808,42810,42812,42815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42809,32559],{"class":138},[47,42811,117],{"class":61},[47,42813,42814],{"class":106},"object",[47,42816,132],{"class":61},[20,42818,42819],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42821,42822],{},"Common examples include:",[174,42824,42825,42829,42834,42838],{},[177,42826,42827],{},[15,42828,11798],{},[177,42830,42831],{},[15,42832,42833],{},"list.append",[177,42835,42836],{},[15,42837,4093],{},[177,42839,42840],{},[15,42841,42842],{},"open",[20,42844,7820,42845,7823],{},[15,42846,35436],{},[38,42848,42850],{"className":40,"code":42849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help()\n",[15,42851,42852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42853,42854,42856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42855,32559],{"class":138},[47,42857,9288],{"class":61},[20,42859,42860],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[33,42862,42864],{"id":42863},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[244,42866,42868],{"id":42867},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42870,42871,42872,2838,42874,2838,42876,17681,42879,110],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42873,11798],{},[15,42875,139],{},[15,42877,42878],{},"input",[210,42880,42881],{"href":2949},[15,42882,2952],{},[38,42884,42886],{"className":40,"code":42885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42887,42888,42898,42908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42889,42890,42892,42894,42896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42891,32559],{"class":138},[47,42893,117],{"class":61},[47,42895,139],{"class":138},[47,42897,132],{"class":61},[47,42899,42900,42902,42904,42906],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,42901,32559],{"class":138},[47,42903,117],{"class":61},[47,42905,42878],{"class":138},[47,42907,132],{"class":61},[47,42909,42910,42912,42914,42916],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,42911,32559],{"class":138},[47,42913,117],{"class":61},[47,42915,2392],{"class":106},[47,42917,132],{"class":61},[244,42919,42921],{"id":42920},"data-types","Data types",[20,42923,42924,42925,2838,42927,2838,42929,17681,42931,110],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42926,4093],{},[15,42928,1892],{},[15,42930,198],{},[15,42932,6931],{},[38,42934,42936],{"className":40,"code":42935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42937,42938,42948,42958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42939,42940,42942,42944,42946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42941,32559],{"class":138},[47,42943,117],{"class":61},[47,42945,4093],{"class":106},[47,42947,132],{"class":61},[47,42949,42950,42952,42954,42956],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,42951,32559],{"class":138},[47,42953,117],{"class":61},[47,42955,1892],{"class":106},[47,42957,132],{"class":61},[47,42959,42960,42962,42964,42966],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,42961,32559],{"class":138},[47,42963,117],{"class":61},[47,42965,198],{"class":106},[47,42967,132],{"class":61},[20,42969,42970],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[244,42972,42758],{"id":34914},[20,42974,42975,42976,5036,42979,110],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42977,42978],{},"str.split",[15,42980,42833],{},[38,42982,42984],{"className":40,"code":42983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42985,42986,43000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42987,42988,42990,42992,42994,42996,42998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42989,32559],{"class":138},[47,42991,117],{"class":61},[47,42993,4093],{"class":106},[47,42995,110],{"class":61},[47,42997,34877],{"class":25153},[47,42999,132],{"class":61},[47,43001,43002,43004,43006,43008,43010,43012],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43003,32559],{"class":138},[47,43005,117],{"class":61},[47,43007,1892],{"class":106},[47,43009,110],{"class":61},[47,43011,912],{"class":25153},[47,43013,132],{"class":61},[20,43015,43016,43017,9350,43019,28718,43024,43026,43027,43029],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43018,35436],{},[210,43020,43022],{"href":43021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43023,34719],{},[15,43025,34719],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43028,35436],{}," explains one of them.",[244,43031,42761],{"id":35067},[20,43033,43034,43035,2838,43037,17681,43039,110],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43036,1326],{},[15,43038,35599],{},[15,43040,43041],{},"os",[38,43043,43045],{"className":40,"code":43044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43046,43047,43053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43048,43049,43051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43050,35500],{"class":1107},[47,43052,35503],{"class":53},[47,43054,43055,43057,43059,43061],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43056,32559],{"class":138},[47,43058,117],{"class":61},[47,43060,1326],{"class":113},[47,43062,132],{"class":61},[20,43064,43065,43066,43070,43071,110],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[210,43067,43069],{"href":43068},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[210,43072,35566],{"href":43073},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[33,43075,35327],{"id":35326},[20,43077,43078,43080],{},[15,43079,35436],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43082,43083],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[174,43085,43086,43089,43092,43095],{},[177,43087,43088],{},"The function signature",[177,43090,43091],{},"The short description",[177,43093,43094],{},"Parameter names",[177,43096,43097],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43099,6117],{},[38,43101,43103],{"className":40,"code":43102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43104,43105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43106,43107,43109,43111,43113,43115,43117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43108,32559],{"class":138},[47,43110,117],{"class":61},[47,43112,4093],{"class":106},[47,43114,110],{"class":61},[47,43116,34877],{"class":25153},[47,43118,132],{"class":61},[20,43120,43121],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[174,43123,43124,43127,43130,43132],{},[177,43125,43126],{},"What object this is",[177,43128,43129],{},"What arguments it accepts",[177,43131,22372],{},[177,43133,43134],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43136,43137],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[33,43139,43141],{"id":43140},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43143,43144,30279],{},[15,43145,35436],{},[174,43147,43148,43151,43154,43157],{},[177,43149,43150],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[177,43152,43153],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[177,43155,43156],{},"You are exploring a new module",[177,43158,43159],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43161,43162],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[38,43164,43165],{"className":40,"code":43102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43166,43167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43168,43169,43171,43173,43175,43177,43179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43170,32559],{"class":138},[47,43172,117],{"class":61},[47,43174,4093],{"class":106},[47,43176,110],{"class":61},[47,43178,34877],{"class":25153},[47,43180,132],{"class":61},[20,43182,43183],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[38,43185,43187],{"className":40,"code":43186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(open)\n",[15,43188,43189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43190,43191,43193,43195,43197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43192,32559],{"class":138},[47,43194,117],{"class":61},[47,43196,42842],{"class":138},[47,43198,132],{"class":61},[33,43200,43202],{"id":43201},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43204,43205,43207],{},[15,43206,35436],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[174,43209,43210,43213,43216,43219],{},[177,43211,43212],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[177,43214,43215],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[177,43217,43218],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[177,43220,43221],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43223,43224,43225,43227],{},"So, ",[15,43226,35436],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43229,6117],{},[38,43231,43233],{"className":40,"code":43232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43234,43235,43248,43272,43276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43236,43237,43239,43241,43243,43246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43238,35096],{"class":53},[47,43240,58],{"class":57},[47,43242,78],{"class":65},[47,43244,43245],{"class":69},"a,b,c",[47,43247,689],{"class":65},[47,43249,43250,43253,43255,43258,43260,43262,43264,43266,43268,43270],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43251,43252],{"class":53},"parts ",[47,43254,58],{"class":57},[47,43256,43257],{"class":53}," text",[47,43259,110],{"class":61},[47,43261,34877],{"class":113},[47,43263,117],{"class":61},[47,43265,66],{"class":65},[47,43267,75],{"class":69},[47,43269,66],{"class":65},[47,43271,132],{"class":61},[47,43273,43274],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,43275,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,43277,43278,43280,43282,43285],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,43279,139],{"class":138},[47,43281,117],{"class":61},[47,43283,43284],{"class":113},"parts",[47,43286,132],{"class":61},[20,43288,6204],{},[38,43290,43292],{"className":40,"code":43291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43293,43294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43295,43296,43298,43300,43302,43304,43306,43308,43310,43312,43314,43316,43318,43320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43297,669],{"class":61},[47,43299,385],{"class":65},[47,43301,210],{"class":69},[47,43303,385],{"class":65},[47,43305,75],{"class":61},[47,43307,398],{"class":65},[47,43309,854],{"class":69},[47,43311,385],{"class":65},[47,43313,75],{"class":61},[47,43315,398],{"class":65},[47,43317,863],{"class":69},[47,43319,385],{"class":65},[47,43321,95],{"class":61},[20,43323,43324],{},"A good workflow is:",[29118,43326,43327,43332,43335,43338],{},[177,43328,156,43329,43331],{},[15,43330,35436],{}," to inspect something",[177,43333,43334],{},"Write a tiny example",[177,43336,43337],{},"Check the result",[177,43339,43340],{},"Repeat",[33,43342,43344],{"id":43343},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43346,43347,5036,43349,43351],{},[15,43348,35436],{},[15,43350,34719],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[244,43353,43354],{"id":32559},[15,43355,35436],{},[20,43357,156,43358,43360],{},[15,43359,35436],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43362,43363],{},"It tells you:",[174,43365,43366,43369,43372],{},[177,43367,43368],{},"What something is",[177,43370,43371],{},"How to use it",[177,43373,43374],{},"What parameters it accepts",[244,43376,43377],{"id":34780},[15,43378,34719],{},[20,43380,156,43381,43383],{},[15,43382,34719],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[38,43385,43387],{"className":40,"code":43386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dir(str)\n",[15,43388,43389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43390,43391,43393,43395,43397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43392,34780],{"class":138},[47,43394,117],{"class":61},[47,43396,4093],{"class":106},[47,43398,132],{"class":61},[20,43400,43401,43402,2838,43404,17681,43406,110],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43403,34877],{},[15,43405,9279],{},[15,43407,9285],{},[20,43409,43410,43411,172],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43412,35436],{},[38,43414,43416],{"className":40,"code":43415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43417,43418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43419,43420,43422,43424,43426,43428,43430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43421,32559],{"class":138},[47,43423,117],{"class":61},[47,43425,4093],{"class":106},[47,43427,110],{"class":61},[47,43429,9285],{"class":25153},[47,43431,132],{"class":61},[20,43433,43434],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[174,43436,43437,43442],{},[177,43438,156,43439,43441],{},[15,43440,34719],{}," to discover options",[177,43443,156,43444,43446],{},[15,43445,35436],{}," to understand one option",[33,43448,1641],{"id":1640},[20,43450,43451,43452,110],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43453,35436],{},[244,43455,453,43457,43460,43461],{"id":43456},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43458,43459],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43462,43463],{},"help(len)",[20,43465,43466],{},"These are not always the same.",[38,43468,43470],{"className":40,"code":43469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43471,43472,43482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43473,43474,43476,43478,43480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43475,32559],{"class":138},[47,43477,117],{"class":61},[47,43479,11798],{"class":138},[47,43481,132],{"class":61},[47,43483,43484,43486,43488,43490,43492,43494],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43485,32559],{"class":138},[47,43487,117],{"class":61},[47,43489,385],{"class":65},[47,43491,11798],{"class":69},[47,43493,385],{"class":65},[47,43495,132],{"class":61},[20,43497,43498,43500],{},[15,43499,43463],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43502,43503,43505,43506,43509],{},[15,43504,43459],{}," treats ",[15,43507,43508],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[244,43511,43513],{"id":43512},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43515,43516,43518],{},[15,43517,35436],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43520,43521],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[244,43523,43525],{"id":43524},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43527,40757,43528,43530],{},[15,43529,35436],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43532,603],{},[38,43534,43536],{"className":40,"code":43535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43537,43538,43548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43539,43540,43542,43544,43546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43541,32559],{"class":138},[47,43543,117],{"class":61},[47,43545,11798],{"class":138},[47,43547,132],{"class":61},[47,43549,43550,43552,43554,43556,43559,43561],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43551,139],{"class":138},[47,43553,117],{"class":61},[47,43555,66],{"class":65},[47,43557,43558],{"class":69},"Done",[47,43560,66],{"class":65},[47,43562,132],{"class":61},[20,43564,43565],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[244,43567,37616,43569,9350,43571],{"id":43568},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43570,35436],{},[15,43572,34719],{},[20,43574,43575,43576,110],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43577,34719],{},[20,43579,43580,43581,110],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43582,35436],{},[33,43584,43586],{"id":43585},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43588,43589],{},"Open Python:",[38,43591,43592],{"className":40,"code":35952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43593,43594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43595,43596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43597,35952],{"class":53},[20,43599,43600],{},"Then test these commands:",[38,43602,43604],{"className":40,"code":43603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43605,43606,43616,43630,43644,43654,43669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43607,43608,43610,43612,43614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43609,32559],{"class":138},[47,43611,117],{"class":61},[47,43613,11798],{"class":138},[47,43615,132],{"class":61},[47,43617,43618,43620,43622,43624,43626,43628],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43619,32559],{"class":138},[47,43621,117],{"class":61},[47,43623,4093],{"class":106},[47,43625,110],{"class":61},[47,43627,34877],{"class":25153},[47,43629,132],{"class":61},[47,43631,43632,43634,43636,43638,43640,43642],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,43633,32559],{"class":138},[47,43635,117],{"class":61},[47,43637,1892],{"class":106},[47,43639,110],{"class":61},[47,43641,912],{"class":25153},[47,43643,132],{"class":61},[47,43645,43646,43648,43650,43652],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,43647,32559],{"class":138},[47,43649,117],{"class":61},[47,43651,42842],{"class":138},[47,43653,132],{"class":61},[47,43655,43656,43658,43660,43662,43665,43667],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,43657,32559],{"class":138},[47,43659,117],{"class":61},[47,43661,385],{"class":65},[47,43663,43664],{"class":69},"keywords",[47,43666,385],{"class":65},[47,43668,132],{"class":61},[47,43670,43671,43673,43675,43677],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,43672,34780],{"class":138},[47,43674,117],{"class":61},[47,43676,4093],{"class":106},[47,43678,132],{"class":61},[20,43680,43681],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[174,43683,43684,43687,43690,43693,43696,43699],{},[177,43685,43686],{},"A built-in function",[177,43688,43689],{},"A string method",[177,43691,43692],{},"A list method",[177,43694,43695],{},"A built-in file function",[177,43697,43698],{},"A special help topic",[177,43700,15799,43701,43703],{},[15,43702,34719],{}," example for comparison",[33,43705,2429],{"id":2428},[244,43707,43709],{"id":43708},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43711,43712],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[244,43714,43716],{"id":43715},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43718,43719,43720,43722],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43721,35436],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[38,43724,43726],{"className":40,"code":43725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43727,43728,43740,43753,43772,43776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43729,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43731,35260],{"class":2714},[47,43733,35264],{"class":35263},[47,43735,117],{"class":61},[47,43737,70],{"class":38075},[47,43739,8988],{"class":61},[47,43741,43742,43746,43750],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43743,43745],{"class":43744},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[47,43747,43749],{"class":43748},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[47,43751,43752],{"class":43744},"\"\"\"\n",[47,43754,43755,43757,43760,43763,43765,43767,43769],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,43756,35271],{"class":1107},[47,43758,43759],{"class":2714}," f",[47,43761,43762],{"class":69},"\"Hello, ",[47,43764,382],{"class":349},[47,43766,70],{"class":53},[47,43768,22705],{"class":349},[47,43770,43771],{"class":69},"!\"\n",[47,43773,43774],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,43775,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,43777,43778,43780,43782,43784],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,43779,32559],{"class":138},[47,43781,117],{"class":61},[47,43783,35306],{"class":113},[47,43785,132],{"class":61},[244,43787,43789],{"id":43788},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43791,43792,43794,43795,43797],{},[15,43793,43463],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43796,43459],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[244,43799,43801],{"id":43800},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43803,43804],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[33,43806,2526],{"id":2525},[174,43808,43809,43814,43818,43823,43828],{},[177,43810,43811],{},[210,43812,43813],{"href":43021},"Python dir() function explained",[177,43815,43816],{},[210,43817,9087],{"href":2949},[177,43819,43820],{},[210,43821,43822],{"href":42773},"Python len() function explained",[177,43824,43825],{},[210,43826,43827],{"href":43068},"How import works in Python",[177,43829,43830],{},[210,43831,35566],{"href":43073},[20,43833,43834,43835,43837,43838,2838,43840,17681,43842,43844,43845,3530,43848,43851],{},"Try ",[15,43836,35436],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43839,11798],{},[15,43841,139],{},[15,43843,42878],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43846,43847],{},"dir(str)",[15,43849,43850],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2563,43853,43854],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":43856},[43857,43858,43859,43860,43866,43867,43868,43869,43873,43881,43882,43888],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":42738,"depth":98,"text":42739},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":42863,"depth":98,"text":42864,"children":43861},[43862,43863,43864,43865],{"id":42867,"depth":135,"text":42868},{"id":42920,"depth":135,"text":42921},{"id":34914,"depth":135,"text":42758},{"id":35067,"depth":135,"text":42761},{"id":35326,"depth":98,"text":35327},{"id":43140,"depth":98,"text":43141},{"id":43201,"depth":98,"text":43202},{"id":43343,"depth":98,"text":43344,"children":43870},[43871,43872],{"id":32559,"depth":135,"text":35436},{"id":34780,"depth":135,"text":34719},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":43874},[43875,43877,43878,43879],{"id":43456,"depth":135,"text":43876},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43512,"depth":135,"text":43513},{"id":43524,"depth":135,"text":43525},{"id":43568,"depth":135,"text":43880},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43585,"depth":98,"text":43586},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":43883},[43884,43885,43886,43887],{"id":43708,"depth":135,"text":43709},{"id":43715,"depth":135,"text":43716},{"id":43788,"depth":135,"text":43789},{"id":43800,"depth":135,"text":43801},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42667,"description":43889},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43895,"title":43896,"body":43897,"description":45259,"extension":2611,"meta":45260,"navigation":357,"path":45261,"seo":45262,"stem":45263,"__hash__":45264},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43898,"toc":45232},[43899,43905,43910,43916,43926,43985,43995,44006,44011,44017,44019,44037,44045,44047,44049,44064,44067,44078,44080,44171,44174,44178,44183,44204,44206,44317,44319,44346,44357,44361,44364,44447,44449,44457,44463,44469,44473,44476,44586,44588,44601,44604,44618,44626,44633,44638,44652,44658,44771,44773,44834,44837,44843,44849,44852,44874,44877,44947,44950,44982,44989,44991,44994,45012,45015,45027,45033,45035,45040,45066,45069,45141,45143,45149,45152,45158,45161,45167,45177,45183,45186,45193,45196,45198,45229],[10,43900,4226,43902,4230],{"id":43901},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43903,43904],{},"id()",[20,43906,32724,43907,43909],{},[15,43908,43904],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43911,43912,43913,43915],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43914,43904],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43917,156,43918,43920,43921,43923,43924,110],{},[15,43919,43904],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[278,43922,1369],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43925,5332],{},[38,43927,43929],{"className":40,"code":43928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43930,43931,43943,43957,43961,43971],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43932,43933,43935,43937,43939,43941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43934,8523],{"class":53},[47,43936,58],{"class":57},[47,43938,78],{"class":65},[47,43940,7942],{"class":69},[47,43942,689],{"class":65},[47,43944,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953,43955],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,43946,139],{"class":138},[47,43948,117],{"class":61},[47,43950,13278],{"class":138},[47,43952,117],{"class":61},[47,43954,70],{"class":113},[47,43956,2266],{"class":61},[47,43958,43959],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,43960,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,43962,43963,43966,43968],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,43964,43965],{"class":53},"other ",[47,43967,58],{"class":57},[47,43969,43970],{"class":53}," name\n",[47,43972,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,43974,139],{"class":138},[47,43976,117],{"class":61},[47,43978,13278],{"class":138},[47,43980,117],{"class":61},[47,43982,31149],{"class":113},[47,43984,2266],{"class":61},[20,43986,43987,43988,43991,43992,43994],{},"In this example, ",[15,43989,43990],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43993,43904],{}," values match.",[43996,43997,43998],"blockquote",{},[20,43999,156,44000,44002,44003,44005],{},[15,44001,43904],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44004,5332],{}," for value comparison.",[33,44007,164,44009,167],{"id":44008},"what-id-does",[15,44010,43904],{},[20,44012,44013,44016],{},[15,44014,44015],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44018,13677],{},[174,44020,44021,44024,44031,44034],{},[177,44022,44023],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[177,44025,44026,44027,44030],{},"It shows ",[278,44028,44029],{},"object identity",", not object value",[177,44032,44033],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[177,44035,44036],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44038,44039,44040,44044],{},"This is closely related to how ",[210,44041,44043],{"href":44042},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[33,44046,2806],{"id":2805},[20,44048,6079],{},[38,44050,44052],{"className":40,"code":44051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"id(object)\n",[15,44053,44054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44055,44056,44058,44060,44062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44057,13278],{"class":138},[47,44059,117],{"class":61},[47,44061,42814],{"class":106},[47,44063,132],{"class":61},[20,44065,44066],{},"Important details:",[174,44068,44069,44072,44075],{},[177,44070,44071],{},"It takes one argument",[177,44073,44074],{},"It returns an integer",[177,44076,44077],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44079,603],{},[38,44081,44083],{"className":40,"code":44082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44084,44085,44097,44105,44125,44129,44143,44157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44086,44087,44089,44091,44093,44095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44088,35096],{"class":53},[47,44090,58],{"class":57},[47,44092,78],{"class":65},[47,44094,4492],{"class":69},[47,44096,689],{"class":65},[47,44098,44099,44101,44103],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44100,2866],{"class":53},[47,44102,58],{"class":57},[47,44104,3421],{"class":349},[47,44106,44107,44109,44111,44113,44115,44117,44119,44121,44123],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,44108,8425],{"class":53},[47,44110,58],{"class":57},[47,44112,62],{"class":61},[47,44114,917],{"class":349},[47,44116,75],{"class":61},[47,44118,2409],{"class":349},[47,44120,75],{"class":61},[47,44122,2414],{"class":349},[47,44124,95],{"class":61},[47,44126,44127],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,44128,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,44130,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,44132,139],{"class":138},[47,44134,117],{"class":61},[47,44136,13278],{"class":138},[47,44138,117],{"class":61},[47,44140,35117],{"class":113},[47,44142,2266],{"class":61},[47,44144,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153,44155],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,44146,139],{"class":138},[47,44148,117],{"class":61},[47,44150,13278],{"class":138},[47,44152,117],{"class":61},[47,44154,2889],{"class":113},[47,44156,2266],{"class":61},[47,44158,44159,44161,44163,44165,44167,44169],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,44160,139],{"class":138},[47,44162,117],{"class":61},[47,44164,13278],{"class":138},[47,44166,117],{"class":61},[47,44168,8456],{"class":113},[47,44170,2266],{"class":61},[20,44172,44173],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[33,44175,44177],{"id":44176},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44179,44180,44181,110],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44182,43904],{},[174,44184,44185,44192,44199],{},[177,44186,44187,44189,44190],{},[15,44188,5332],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[278,44191,259],{},[177,44193,44194,44196,44197],{},[15,44195,12822],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[278,44198,42814],{},[177,44200,44201,44203],{},[15,44202,43904],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44205,603],{},[38,44207,44209],{"className":40,"code":44208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44210,44211,44231,44251,44255,44272,44289,44303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44212,44213,44215,44217,44219,44221,44223,44225,44227,44229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44214,3206],{"class":53},[47,44216,58],{"class":57},[47,44218,62],{"class":61},[47,44220,917],{"class":349},[47,44222,75],{"class":61},[47,44224,2409],{"class":349},[47,44226,75],{"class":61},[47,44228,2414],{"class":349},[47,44230,95],{"class":61},[47,44232,44233,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247,44249],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44234,3234],{"class":53},[47,44236,58],{"class":57},[47,44238,62],{"class":61},[47,44240,917],{"class":349},[47,44242,75],{"class":61},[47,44244,2409],{"class":349},[47,44246,75],{"class":61},[47,44248,2414],{"class":349},[47,44250,95],{"class":61},[47,44252,44253],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,44254,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,44256,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267,44269],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,44258,139],{"class":138},[47,44260,117],{"class":61},[47,44262,3206],{"class":113},[47,44264,5332],{"class":57},[47,44266,3211],{"class":113},[47,44268,4313],{"class":61},[47,44270,44271],{"class":152},"   # True\n",[47,44273,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284,44286],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,44275,139],{"class":138},[47,44277,117],{"class":61},[47,44279,3206],{"class":113},[47,44281,12822],{"class":1107},[47,44283,3211],{"class":113},[47,44285,4313],{"class":61},[47,44287,44288],{"class":152},"   # False\n",[47,44290,44291,44293,44295,44297,44299,44301],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,44292,139],{"class":138},[47,44294,117],{"class":61},[47,44296,13278],{"class":138},[47,44298,117],{"class":61},[47,44300,210],{"class":113},[47,44302,2266],{"class":61},[47,44304,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,44306,139],{"class":138},[47,44308,117],{"class":61},[47,44310,13278],{"class":138},[47,44312,117],{"class":61},[47,44314,854],{"class":113},[47,44316,2266],{"class":61},[20,44318,2827],{},[174,44320,44321,44329,44337],{},[177,44322,44323,5427,44326,44328],{},[15,44324,44325],{},"a == b",[15,44327,4255],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[177,44330,44331,5427,44334,44336],{},[15,44332,44333],{},"a is b",[15,44335,4326],{}," because they are different list objects",[177,44338,44339,5036,44342,44345],{},[15,44340,44341],{},"id(a)",[15,44343,44344],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44347,44348,44349,5036,44353,110],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[210,44350,44352],{"href":44351},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[210,44354,44356],{"href":44355},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[33,44358,44360],{"id":44359},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44362,44363],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[38,44365,44367],{"className":40,"code":44366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44368,44369,44389,44399,44403,44417,44432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44370,44371,44373,44375,44377,44379,44381,44383,44385,44387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44372,4270],{"class":53},[47,44374,58],{"class":57},[47,44376,62],{"class":61},[47,44378,2981],{"class":349},[47,44380,75],{"class":61},[47,44382,8436],{"class":349},[47,44384,75],{"class":61},[47,44386,8441],{"class":349},[47,44388,95],{"class":61},[47,44390,44391,44394,44396],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44392,44393],{"class":53},"other_numbers ",[47,44395,58],{"class":57},[47,44397,44398],{"class":53}," numbers\n",[47,44400,44401],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,44402,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,44404,44405,44407,44409,44411,44413,44415],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,44406,139],{"class":138},[47,44408,117],{"class":61},[47,44410,13278],{"class":138},[47,44412,117],{"class":61},[47,44414,4300],{"class":113},[47,44416,2266],{"class":61},[47,44418,44419,44421,44423,44425,44427,44430],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,44420,139],{"class":138},[47,44422,117],{"class":61},[47,44424,13278],{"class":138},[47,44426,117],{"class":61},[47,44428,44429],{"class":113},"other_numbers",[47,44431,2266],{"class":61},[47,44433,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442,44445],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,44435,139],{"class":138},[47,44437,117],{"class":61},[47,44439,4270],{"class":113},[47,44441,12822],{"class":1107},[47,44443,44444],{"class":113}," other_numbers",[47,44446,132],{"class":61},[20,44448,6204],{},[38,44450,44451],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,44452,44453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44454,44455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44456,4620],{"class":559},[20,44458,44459,44460,44462],{},"The two ",[15,44461,43904],{}," values will also match.",[20,44464,22591,44465,44468],{},[15,44466,44467],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[33,44470,44472],{"id":44471},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44474,44475],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[38,44477,44479],{"className":40,"code":44478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44480,44481,44502,44523,44527,44542,44556,44571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44482,44483,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44484,44485],{"class":53},"list_a ",[47,44487,58],{"class":57},[47,44489,62],{"class":61},[47,44491,917],{"class":349},[47,44493,75],{"class":61},[47,44495,2409],{"class":349},[47,44497,75],{"class":61},[47,44499,2414],{"class":349},[47,44501,95],{"class":61},[47,44503,44504,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517,44519,44521],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44505,44506],{"class":53},"list_b ",[47,44508,58],{"class":57},[47,44510,62],{"class":61},[47,44512,917],{"class":349},[47,44514,75],{"class":61},[47,44516,2409],{"class":349},[47,44518,75],{"class":61},[47,44520,2414],{"class":349},[47,44522,95],{"class":61},[47,44524,44525],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,44526,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,44528,44529,44531,44533,44535,44537,44540],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,44530,139],{"class":138},[47,44532,117],{"class":61},[47,44534,44485],{"class":113},[47,44536,5332],{"class":57},[47,44538,44539],{"class":113}," list_b",[47,44541,132],{"class":61},[47,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,44545,139],{"class":138},[47,44547,117],{"class":61},[47,44549,44485],{"class":113},[47,44551,12822],{"class":1107},[47,44553,44539],{"class":113},[47,44555,132],{"class":61},[47,44557,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566,44569],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,44559,139],{"class":138},[47,44561,117],{"class":61},[47,44563,13278],{"class":138},[47,44565,117],{"class":61},[47,44567,44568],{"class":113},"list_a",[47,44570,2266],{"class":61},[47,44572,44573,44575,44577,44579,44581,44584],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,44574,139],{"class":138},[47,44576,117],{"class":61},[47,44578,13278],{"class":138},[47,44580,117],{"class":61},[47,44582,44583],{"class":113},"list_b",[47,44585,2266],{"class":61},[20,44587,6204],{},[38,44589,44591],{"className":40,"code":44590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44592,44593,44597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44594,44595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44596,4620],{"class":559},[47,44598,44599],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44600,4681],{"class":559},[20,44602,44603],{},"What this means:",[174,44605,44606,44609,44612],{},[177,44607,44608],{},"The lists are equal in value",[177,44610,44611],{},"They are not the same object",[177,44613,44614,44615,44617],{},"Their ",[15,44616,43904],{}," values are usually different",[20,44619,44620,44621,44623,44624,110],{},"This is why ",[15,44622,43904],{}," should not replace ",[15,44625,5332],{},[33,44627,44629,44630,44632],{"id":44628},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44631,43904],{}," is useful",[20,44634,44635,44637],{},[15,44636,43904],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[174,44639,44640,44643,44646,44649],{},[177,44641,44642],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[177,44644,44645],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[177,44647,44648],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[177,44650,44651],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44653,44654,44655,44657],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44656,43904],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[38,44659,44661],{"className":40,"code":44660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44662,44663,44687,44696,44700,44719,44723,44733,44743,44757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44664,44665,44667,44669,44671,44673,44675,44677,44679,44681,44683,44685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44666,1986],{"class":53},[47,44668,58],{"class":57},[47,44670,62],{"class":61},[47,44672,66],{"class":65},[47,44674,210],{"class":69},[47,44676,66],{"class":65},[47,44678,75],{"class":61},[47,44680,78],{"class":65},[47,44682,854],{"class":69},[47,44684,66],{"class":65},[47,44686,95],{"class":61},[47,44688,44689,44692,44694],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44690,44691],{"class":53},"copy_ref ",[47,44693,58],{"class":57},[47,44695,12753],{"class":53},[47,44697,44698],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,44699,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,44701,44702,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715,44717],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,44703,44704],{"class":53},"copy_ref",[47,44706,110],{"class":61},[47,44708,912],{"class":113},[47,44710,117],{"class":61},[47,44712,66],{"class":65},[47,44714,863],{"class":69},[47,44716,66],{"class":65},[47,44718,132],{"class":61},[47,44720,44721],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,44722,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,44724,44725,44727,44729,44731],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,44726,139],{"class":138},[47,44728,117],{"class":61},[47,44730,2052],{"class":113},[47,44732,132],{"class":61},[47,44734,44735,44737,44739,44741],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,44736,139],{"class":138},[47,44738,117],{"class":61},[47,44740,44704],{"class":113},[47,44742,132],{"class":61},[47,44744,44745,44747,44749,44751,44753,44755],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,44746,139],{"class":138},[47,44748,117],{"class":61},[47,44750,13278],{"class":138},[47,44752,117],{"class":61},[47,44754,2052],{"class":113},[47,44756,2266],{"class":61},[47,44758,44759,44761,44763,44765,44767,44769],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,44760,139],{"class":138},[47,44762,117],{"class":61},[47,44764,13278],{"class":138},[47,44766,117],{"class":61},[47,44768,44704],{"class":113},[47,44770,2266],{"class":61},[20,44772,6204],{},[38,44774,44776],{"className":40,"code":44775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44777,44778,44806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44779,44780,44782,44784,44786,44788,44790,44792,44794,44796,44798,44800,44802,44804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44781,669],{"class":61},[47,44783,385],{"class":65},[47,44785,210],{"class":69},[47,44787,385],{"class":65},[47,44789,75],{"class":61},[47,44791,398],{"class":65},[47,44793,854],{"class":69},[47,44795,385],{"class":65},[47,44797,75],{"class":61},[47,44799,398],{"class":65},[47,44801,863],{"class":69},[47,44803,385],{"class":65},[47,44805,95],{"class":61},[47,44807,44808,44810,44812,44814,44816,44818,44820,44822,44824,44826,44828,44830,44832],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44809,669],{"class":61},[47,44811,385],{"class":65},[47,44813,210],{"class":69},[47,44815,385],{"class":65},[47,44817,75],{"class":61},[47,44819,398],{"class":65},[47,44821,854],{"class":69},[47,44823,385],{"class":65},[47,44825,75],{"class":61},[47,44827,398],{"class":65},[47,44829,863],{"class":69},[47,44831,385],{"class":65},[47,44833,95],{"class":61},[20,44835,44836],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[33,44838,44840,44841],{"id":44839},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44842,43904],{},[20,44844,44845,44846,44848],{},"Do not use ",[15,44847,43904],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44850,44851],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[174,44853,44854,44860,44866,44869],{},[177,44855,44856,44857,44859],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44858,5332],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[177,44861,44862,44863,44865],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44864,43904],{}," values across program runs",[177,44867,44868],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[177,44870,44871,44872],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44873,43904],{},[20,44875,44876],{},"Bad example:",[38,44878,44880],{"className":40,"code":44879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44881,44882,44894,44906,44910,44932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44883,44884,44886,44888,44890,44892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44885,3206],{"class":53},[47,44887,58],{"class":57},[47,44889,78],{"class":65},[47,44891,37459],{"class":69},[47,44893,689],{"class":65},[47,44895,44896,44898,44900,44902,44904],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44897,3234],{"class":53},[47,44899,58],{"class":57},[47,44901,78],{"class":65},[47,44903,37459],{"class":69},[47,44905,689],{"class":65},[47,44907,44908],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,44909,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,44911,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920,44922,44924,44926,44928,44930],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,44913,7642],{"class":1107},[47,44915,15430],{"class":138},[47,44917,117],{"class":61},[47,44919,210],{"class":113},[47,44921,4313],{"class":61},[47,44923,7053],{"class":57},[47,44925,15430],{"class":138},[47,44927,117],{"class":61},[47,44929,854],{"class":113},[47,44931,8988],{"class":61},[47,44933,44934,44936,44938,44940,44943,44945],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,44935,8715],{"class":138},[47,44937,117],{"class":61},[47,44939,66],{"class":65},[47,44941,44942],{"class":69},"The values are equal",[47,44944,66],{"class":65},[47,44946,132],{"class":61},[20,44948,44949],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[38,44951,44953],{"className":40,"code":44952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44954,44955,44968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44956,44957,44959,44962,44964,44966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44958,7642],{"class":1107},[47,44960,44961],{"class":53}," a ",[47,44963,5332],{"class":57},[47,44965,3211],{"class":53},[47,44967,7038],{"class":61},[47,44969,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,44971,8715],{"class":138},[47,44973,117],{"class":61},[47,44975,66],{"class":65},[47,44977,44942],{"class":69},[47,44979,66],{"class":65},[47,44981,132],{"class":61},[20,44983,156,44984,3530,44986,44988],{},[15,44985,12822],{},[15,44987,43904],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[33,44990,21202],{"id":21201},[20,44992,44993],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[174,44995,44996,44999,45002,45007],{},[177,44997,44998],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[177,45000,45001],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[177,45003,45004,45005],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45006,43904],{},[177,45008,45009,45010],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45011,43904],{},[20,45013,45014],{},"The important rule is:",[174,45016,45017,45022],{},[177,45018,156,45019,45021],{},[15,45020,5332],{}," to check value",[177,45023,156,45024,45026],{},[15,45025,12822],{}," to check identity",[20,45028,45029,45030,45032],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45031,43904],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[33,45034,1641],{"id":1640},[20,45036,45037,45038,172],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45039,43904],{},[174,45041,45042,45050,45053,45056,45061],{},[177,45043,453,45044,45046,45047,45049],{},[15,45045,43904],{}," when ",[15,45048,5332],{}," should be used",[177,45051,45052],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[177,45054,45055],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[177,45057,45058,45059],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45060,43904],{},[177,45062,453,45063,45065],{},[15,45064,43904],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45067,45068],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[38,45070,45072],{"className":40,"code":45071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45073,45074,45089,45103,45117,45131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45075,45076,45078,45080,45082,45084,45087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45077,139],{"class":138},[47,45079,117],{"class":61},[47,45081,13278],{"class":138},[47,45083,117],{"class":61},[47,45085,45086],{"class":113},"my_object",[47,45088,2266],{"class":61},[47,45090,45091,45093,45095,45097,45099,45101],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45092,139],{"class":138},[47,45094,117],{"class":61},[47,45096,3206],{"class":113},[47,45098,5332],{"class":57},[47,45100,3211],{"class":113},[47,45102,132],{"class":61},[47,45104,45105,45107,45109,45111,45113,45115],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,45106,139],{"class":138},[47,45108,117],{"class":61},[47,45110,3206],{"class":113},[47,45112,12822],{"class":1107},[47,45114,3211],{"class":113},[47,45116,132],{"class":61},[47,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125,45127,45129],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,45120,139],{"class":138},[47,45122,117],{"class":61},[47,45124,2392],{"class":106},[47,45126,117],{"class":61},[47,45128,45086],{"class":113},[47,45130,2266],{"class":61},[47,45132,45133,45135,45137,45139],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,45134,32559],{"class":138},[47,45136,117],{"class":61},[47,45138,13278],{"class":138},[47,45140,132],{"class":61},[33,45142,2429],{"id":2428},[244,45144,45146,45147,13344],{"id":45145},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45148,43904],{},[20,45150,45151],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[244,45153,15516,45155,45157],{"id":45154},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45156,43904],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45159,45160],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[244,45162,21822,45164,45166],{"id":45163},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45165,43904],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45168,30676,45169,45171,45172,3530,45174,45176],{},[15,45170,5332],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45173,43904],{},[15,45175,12822],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[244,45178,45180,45181,3143],{"id":45179},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45182,43904],{},[20,45184,45185],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[244,45187,45189,45190,45192],{"id":45188},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45191,43904],{}," values?",[20,45194,45195],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[33,45197,2526],{"id":2525},[174,45199,45200,45205,45210,45215,45223],{},[177,45201,45202],{},[210,45203,45204],{"href":44042},"Python variables explained for beginners",[177,45206,45207],{},[210,45208,45209],{"href":44351},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[177,45211,45212],{},[210,45213,45214],{"href":44355},"Python data types overview",[177,45216,45217],{},[210,45218,4226,45220,4159],{"href":45219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45221,45222],{},"isinstance()",[177,45224,45225],{},[210,45226,45228],{"href":45227},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2563,45230,45231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":45233},[45234,45236,45237,45238,45239,45240,45242,45244,45245,45246,45258],{"id":44008,"depth":98,"text":45235},"What id() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":44176,"depth":98,"text":44177},{"id":44359,"depth":98,"text":44360},{"id":44471,"depth":98,"text":44472},{"id":44628,"depth":98,"text":45241},"When id() is useful",{"id":44839,"depth":98,"text":45243},"When not to use id()",{"id":21201,"depth":98,"text":21202},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":45247},[45248,45250,45252,45254,45256],{"id":45145,"depth":135,"text":45249},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45154,"depth":135,"text":45251},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45163,"depth":135,"text":45253},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45179,"depth":135,"text":45255},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45188,"depth":135,"text":45257},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43896,"description":45259},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45266,"title":42609,"body":45267,"description":46907,"extension":2611,"meta":46908,"navigation":357,"path":46909,"seo":46910,"stem":46911,"__hash__":46912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45268,"toc":46873},[45269,45274,45279,45282,45284,45327,45332,45335,45340,45345,45348,45364,45366,45410,45412,45439,45441,45456,45458,45460,45462,45478,45480,45492,45495,45529,45532,45557,45562,45564,45569,45573,45576,45578,45626,45628,45661,45667,45678,45680,45732,45734,45765,45767,45771,45775,45818,45824,45830,45882,45890,45895,45899,45990,45992,46025,46028,46030,46090,46092,46118,46128,46130,46134,46139,46144,46146,46183,46185,46204,46207,46211,46214,46270,46282,46291,46293,46320,46328,46335,46339,46342,46379,46382,46388,46425,46427,46431,46437,46455,46460,46508,46512,46601,46604,46611,46613,46615,46620,46638,46640,46683,46689,46706,46708,46770,46772,46774,46780,46788,46794,46800,46809,46819,46823,46831,46833,46835,46870],[10,45270,4226,45272,4230],{"id":45271},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45273,3609],{},[20,45275,2628,45276,45278],{},[15,45277,3609],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45280,45281],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[33,45283,36],{"id":35},[38,45285,45287],{"className":40,"code":45286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45288,45289,45308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45290,45291,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45304,45306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45292,8523],{"class":53},[47,45294,58],{"class":57},[47,45296,8888],{"class":138},[47,45298,117],{"class":61},[47,45300,66],{"class":65},[47,45302,45303],{"class":69},"Enter your name: ",[47,45305,66],{"class":65},[47,45307,132],{"class":61},[47,45309,45310,45312,45314,45316,45319,45321,45323,45325],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45311,139],{"class":138},[47,45313,117],{"class":61},[47,45315,66],{"class":65},[47,45317,45318],{"class":69},"Hello, ",[47,45320,66],{"class":65},[47,45322,3105],{"class":57},[47,45324,36402],{"class":113},[47,45326,132],{"class":61},[20,45328,156,45329,45331],{},[15,45330,3609],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45333,45334],"hr",{},[33,45336,164,45338,167],{"id":45337},"what-input-does",[15,45339,3609],{},[20,45341,45342,45344],{},[15,45343,3609],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45346,45347],{},"Here is what happens:",[174,45349,45350,45355,45358,45361],{},[177,45351,45352,45354],{},[15,45353,3609],{}," waits for the user to type",[177,45356,45357],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[177,45359,45360],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[177,45362,45363],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45365,603],{},[38,45367,45369],{"className":40,"code":45368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45370,45371,45391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45372,45373,45376,45378,45380,45382,45384,45387,45389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45374,45375],{"class":53},"color ",[47,45377,58],{"class":57},[47,45379,8888],{"class":138},[47,45381,117],{"class":61},[47,45383,66],{"class":65},[47,45385,45386],{"class":69},"What is your favorite color? ",[47,45388,66],{"class":65},[47,45390,132],{"class":61},[47,45392,45393,45395,45397,45399,45402,45404,45406,45408],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45394,139],{"class":138},[47,45396,117],{"class":61},[47,45398,66],{"class":65},[47,45400,45401],{"class":69},"Your favorite color is",[47,45403,66],{"class":65},[47,45405,75],{"class":61},[47,45407,36261],{"class":113},[47,45409,132],{"class":61},[20,45411,30435],{},[38,45413,45415],{"className":40,"code":45414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45416,45417,45430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45418,45419,45421,45423,45426,45428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45420,164],{"class":53},[47,45422,12822],{"class":57},[47,45424,45425],{"class":53}," your favorite color",[47,45427,3143],{"class":37779},[47,45429,36291],{"class":53},[47,45431,45432,45435,45437],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45433,45434],{"class":53},"Your favorite color ",[47,45436,12822],{"class":57},[47,45438,36291],{"class":53},[20,45440,20358],{},[174,45442,45443,45448,45453],{},[177,45444,45445,45446],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45447,45386],{},[177,45449,45450,45451],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45452,33298],{},[177,45454,45455],{},"That value is then printed",[45333,45457],{},[33,45459,2806],{"id":2805},[20,45461,7863],{},[38,45463,45465],{"className":40,"code":45464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45466,45467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45468,45469,45471,45473,45476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45470,42878],{"class":138},[47,45472,117],{"class":61},[47,45474,45475],{"class":113},"prompt",[47,45477,132],{"class":61},[20,45479,12092],{},[174,45481,45482,45486,45489],{},[177,45483,2628,45484,20440],{},[15,45485,45475],{},[177,45487,45488],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[177,45490,45491],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45493,45494],{},"Example with a prompt:",[38,45496,45498],{"className":40,"code":45497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45499,45500,45519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45501,45502,45504,45506,45508,45510,45512,45515,45517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45503,8608],{"class":53},[47,45505,58],{"class":57},[47,45507,8888],{"class":138},[47,45509,117],{"class":61},[47,45511,66],{"class":65},[47,45513,45514],{"class":69},"Enter your username: ",[47,45516,66],{"class":65},[47,45518,132],{"class":61},[47,45520,45521,45523,45525,45527],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45522,139],{"class":138},[47,45524,117],{"class":61},[47,45526,480],{"class":113},[47,45528,132],{"class":61},[20,45530,45531],{},"Example without a prompt:",[38,45533,45535],{"className":40,"code":45534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45536,45537,45547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45538,45539,45541,45543,45545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45540,3098],{"class":53},[47,45542,58],{"class":57},[47,45544,8888],{"class":138},[47,45546,9288],{"class":61},[47,45548,45549,45551,45553,45555],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45550,139],{"class":138},[47,45552,117],{"class":61},[47,45554,259],{"class":113},[47,45556,132],{"class":61},[20,45558,8408,45559,45561],{},[15,45560,3609],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45333,45563],{},[33,45565,164,45567,12336],{"id":45566},"what-input-returns",[15,45568,3609],{},[20,45570,45571,8871],{},[15,45572,3609],{},[20,45574,45575],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45577,603],{},[38,45579,45581],{"className":40,"code":45580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45582,45583,45602,45612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45584,45585,45587,45589,45591,45593,45595,45598,45600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45586,22030],{"class":53},[47,45588,58],{"class":57},[47,45590,8888],{"class":138},[47,45592,117],{"class":61},[47,45594,66],{"class":65},[47,45596,45597],{"class":69},"Enter your age: ",[47,45599,66],{"class":65},[47,45601,132],{"class":61},[47,45603,45604,45606,45608,45610],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45605,139],{"class":138},[47,45607,117],{"class":61},[47,45609,81],{"class":113},[47,45611,132],{"class":61},[47,45613,45614,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,45615,139],{"class":138},[47,45617,117],{"class":61},[47,45619,2392],{"class":106},[47,45621,117],{"class":61},[47,45623,81],{"class":113},[47,45625,2266],{"class":61},[20,45627,30435],{},[38,45629,45631],{"className":40,"code":45630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45632,45633,45643,45647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45634,45635,45638,45640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45636,45637],{"class":53},"Enter your age",[47,45639,172],{"class":61},[47,45641,45642],{"class":349}," 25\n",[47,45644,45645],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45646,3361],{"class":349},[47,45648,45649,45651,45653,45655,45657,45659],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,45650,3941],{"class":57},[47,45652,3944],{"class":2714},[47,45654,398],{"class":65},[47,45656,4093],{"class":69},[47,45658,385],{"class":65},[47,45660,3953],{"class":57},[20,45662,45663,45664,45666],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45665,9836],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45668,45669,45670,3530,45674,110],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[210,45671,45672],{"href":3526},[15,45673,3529],{},[210,45675,45676],{"href":3533},[15,45677,3536],{},[20,45679,603],{},[38,45681,45683],{"className":40,"code":45682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45684,45685,45708,45718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45686,45687,45689,45691,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45688,22030],{"class":53},[47,45690,58],{"class":57},[47,45692,45693],{"class":106}," int",[47,45695,117],{"class":61},[47,45697,42878],{"class":138},[47,45699,117],{"class":61},[47,45701,66],{"class":65},[47,45703,45597],{"class":69},[47,45705,66],{"class":65},[47,45707,2266],{"class":61},[47,45709,45710,45712,45714,45716],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45711,139],{"class":138},[47,45713,117],{"class":61},[47,45715,81],{"class":113},[47,45717,132],{"class":61},[47,45719,45720,45722,45724,45726,45728,45730],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,45721,139],{"class":138},[47,45723,117],{"class":61},[47,45725,2392],{"class":106},[47,45727,117],{"class":61},[47,45729,81],{"class":113},[47,45731,2266],{"class":61},[20,45733,30435],{},[38,45735,45737],{"className":40,"code":45736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45738,45739,45747,45751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45740,45741,45743,45745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45742,45637],{"class":53},[47,45744,172],{"class":61},[47,45746,45642],{"class":349},[47,45748,45749],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45750,3361],{"class":349},[47,45752,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,45754,3941],{"class":57},[47,45756,3944],{"class":2714},[47,45758,398],{"class":65},[47,45760,2837],{"class":69},[47,45762,385],{"class":65},[47,45764,3953],{"class":57},[45333,45766],{},[33,45768,45770],{"id":45769},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[244,45772,45774],{"id":45773},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[38,45776,45778],{"className":40,"code":45777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45779,45780,45799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45781,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45795,45797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45783,8523],{"class":53},[47,45785,58],{"class":57},[47,45787,8888],{"class":138},[47,45789,117],{"class":61},[47,45791,66],{"class":65},[47,45793,45794],{"class":69},"What is your name? ",[47,45796,66],{"class":65},[47,45798,132],{"class":61},[47,45800,45801,45803,45805,45807,45810,45812,45814,45816],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45802,139],{"class":138},[47,45804,117],{"class":61},[47,45806,66],{"class":65},[47,45808,45809],{"class":69},"Hello,",[47,45811,66],{"class":65},[47,45813,75],{"class":61},[47,45815,36402],{"class":113},[47,45817,132],{"class":61},[20,45819,45820,45821,45823],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45822,70],{}," and prints it.",[244,45825,45827,45828],{"id":45826},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45829,3529],{},[38,45831,45833],{"className":40,"code":45832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45834,45835,45858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45836,45837,45839,45841,45843,45845,45847,45849,45851,45854,45856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45838,22030],{"class":53},[47,45840,58],{"class":57},[47,45842,45693],{"class":106},[47,45844,117],{"class":61},[47,45846,42878],{"class":138},[47,45848,117],{"class":61},[47,45850,66],{"class":65},[47,45852,45853],{"class":69},"How old are you? ",[47,45855,66],{"class":65},[47,45857,2266],{"class":61},[47,45859,45860,45862,45864,45866,45869,45871,45873,45876,45878,45880],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45861,139],{"class":138},[47,45863,117],{"class":61},[47,45865,66],{"class":65},[47,45867,45868],{"class":69},"Next year you will be",[47,45870,66],{"class":65},[47,45872,75],{"class":61},[47,45874,45875],{"class":113}," age ",[47,45877,2708],{"class":57},[47,45879,2002],{"class":349},[47,45881,132],{"class":61},[20,45883,6704,45884,45886,45887,45889],{},[15,45885,3529],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45888,3609],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45891,45892,45893,110],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[210,45894,9626],{"href":9625},[244,45896,45898],{"id":45897},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[38,45900,45902],{"className":40,"code":45901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45903,45904,45928,45952,45966,45970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45905,45906,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45924,45926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45907,45908],{"class":53},"num1 ",[47,45910,58],{"class":57},[47,45912,45693],{"class":106},[47,45914,117],{"class":61},[47,45916,42878],{"class":138},[47,45918,117],{"class":61},[47,45920,66],{"class":65},[47,45922,45923],{"class":69},"Enter the first number: ",[47,45925,66],{"class":65},[47,45927,2266],{"class":61},[47,45929,45930,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941,45943,45945,45948,45950],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,45931,45932],{"class":53},"num2 ",[47,45934,58],{"class":57},[47,45936,45693],{"class":106},[47,45938,117],{"class":61},[47,45940,42878],{"class":138},[47,45942,117],{"class":61},[47,45944,66],{"class":65},[47,45946,45947],{"class":69},"Enter the second number: ",[47,45949,66],{"class":65},[47,45951,2266],{"class":61},[47,45953,45954,45956,45958,45961,45963],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,45955,41597],{"class":53},[47,45957,58],{"class":57},[47,45959,45960],{"class":53}," num1 ",[47,45962,2708],{"class":57},[47,45964,45965],{"class":53}," num2\n",[47,45967,45968],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,45969,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,45971,45972,45974,45976,45978,45981,45983,45985,45988],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,45973,139],{"class":138},[47,45975,117],{"class":61},[47,45977,66],{"class":65},[47,45979,45980],{"class":69},"Total:",[47,45982,66],{"class":65},[47,45984,75],{"class":61},[47,45986,45987],{"class":113}," total",[47,45989,132],{"class":61},[20,45991,30435],{},[38,45993,45995],{"className":40,"code":45994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45996,45997,46007,46016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45998,45999,46002,46004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46000,46001],{"class":53},"Enter the first number",[47,46003,172],{"class":61},[47,46005,46006],{"class":349}," 2\n",[47,46008,46009,46012,46014],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46010,46011],{"class":53},"Enter the second number",[47,46013,172],{"class":61},[47,46015,3229],{"class":349},[47,46017,46018,46021,46023],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46019,46020],{"class":53},"Total",[47,46022,172],{"class":61},[47,46024,35251],{"class":349},[20,46026,46027],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46029,603],{},[38,46031,46033],{"className":40,"code":46032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46034,46035,46053,46071,46075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46036,46037,46039,46041,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46038,45908],{"class":53},[47,46040,58],{"class":57},[47,46042,8888],{"class":138},[47,46044,117],{"class":61},[47,46046,66],{"class":65},[47,46048,45923],{"class":69},[47,46050,66],{"class":65},[47,46052,132],{"class":61},[47,46054,46055,46057,46059,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46056,45932],{"class":53},[47,46058,58],{"class":57},[47,46060,8888],{"class":138},[47,46062,117],{"class":61},[47,46064,66],{"class":65},[47,46066,45947],{"class":69},[47,46068,66],{"class":65},[47,46070,132],{"class":61},[47,46072,46073],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46074,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,46076,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46088],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,46078,139],{"class":138},[47,46080,117],{"class":61},[47,46082,45908],{"class":113},[47,46084,2708],{"class":57},[47,46086,46087],{"class":113}," num2",[47,46089,132],{"class":61},[20,46091,30435],{},[38,46093,46095],{"className":40,"code":46094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46096,46097,46105,46113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46098,46099,46101,46103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46100,46001],{"class":53},[47,46102,172],{"class":61},[47,46104,46006],{"class":349},[47,46106,46107,46109,46111],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46108,46011],{"class":53},[47,46110,172],{"class":61},[47,46112,3229],{"class":349},[47,46114,46115],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46116,46117],{"class":349},"23\n",[20,46119,46120,46121,46124,46125,110],{},"That happens because ",[15,46122,46123],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46126,46127],{},"\"23\"",[45333,46129],{},[33,46131,46133],{"id":46132},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46135,46136,46137,110],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46138,3609],{},[244,46140,5348,46142,41957],{"id":46141},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46143,3609],{},[20,46145,39612],{},[38,46147,46149],{"className":40,"code":46148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46150,46151,46169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46152,46153,46155,46157,46159,46161,46163,46165,46167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46154,3098],{"class":53},[47,46156,58],{"class":57},[47,46158,8888],{"class":138},[47,46160,117],{"class":61},[47,46162,66],{"class":65},[47,46164,42286],{"class":69},[47,46166,66],{"class":65},[47,46168,132],{"class":61},[47,46170,46171,46173,46175,46177,46179,46181],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46172,139],{"class":138},[47,46174,117],{"class":61},[47,46176,2392],{"class":106},[47,46178,117],{"class":61},[47,46180,259],{"class":113},[47,46182,2266],{"class":61},[20,46184,372],{},[38,46186,46188],{"className":40,"code":46187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46189,46190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46191,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200,46202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46193,3941],{"class":57},[47,46195,3944],{"class":2714},[47,46197,398],{"class":65},[47,46199,4093],{"class":69},[47,46201,385],{"class":65},[47,46203,3953],{"class":57},[20,46205,46206],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[244,46208,46210],{"id":46209},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46212,46213],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[38,46215,46217],{"className":40,"code":46216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46218,46219,46237,46256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46220,46221,46223,46225,46227,46229,46231,46233,46235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46222,3206],{"class":53},[47,46224,58],{"class":57},[47,46226,8888],{"class":138},[47,46228,117],{"class":61},[47,46230,66],{"class":65},[47,46232,42286],{"class":69},[47,46234,66],{"class":65},[47,46236,132],{"class":61},[47,46238,46239,46241,46243,46245,46247,46249,46252,46254],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46240,3234],{"class":53},[47,46242,58],{"class":57},[47,46244,8888],{"class":138},[47,46246,117],{"class":61},[47,46248,66],{"class":65},[47,46250,46251],{"class":69},"Enter another number: ",[47,46253,66],{"class":65},[47,46255,132],{"class":61},[47,46257,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266,46268],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46259,139],{"class":138},[47,46261,117],{"class":61},[47,46263,3206],{"class":113},[47,46265,2708],{"class":57},[47,46267,3211],{"class":113},[47,46269,132],{"class":61},[20,46271,41535,46272,5036,46274,46276,46277,1889,46280,110],{},[15,46273,3156],{},[15,46275,2784],{},", the result is ",[15,46278,46279],{},"45",[15,46281,2792],{},[244,46283,46285,46286,46288,46289],{"id":46284},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46287,41118],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46290,3529],{},[20,46292,603],{},[38,46294,46296],{"className":40,"code":46295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46297,46298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46299,46300,46302,46304,46306,46308,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46301,22030],{"class":53},[47,46303,58],{"class":57},[47,46305,45693],{"class":106},[47,46307,117],{"class":61},[47,46309,42878],{"class":138},[47,46311,117],{"class":61},[47,46313,66],{"class":65},[47,46315,45597],{"class":69},[47,46317,66],{"class":65},[47,46319,2266],{"class":61},[20,46321,8917,46322,46325,46326,110],{},[15,46323,46324],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46327,41118],{},[20,46329,46330,46331,110],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[210,46332,46334],{"href":46333},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[244,46336,46338],{"id":46337},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46340,46341],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[38,46343,46345],{"className":40,"code":46344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46346,46347,46365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46348,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359,46361,46363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46350,8523],{"class":53},[47,46352,58],{"class":57},[47,46354,8888],{"class":138},[47,46356,117],{"class":61},[47,46358,66],{"class":65},[47,46360,45303],{"class":69},[47,46362,66],{"class":65},[47,46364,132],{"class":61},[47,46366,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375,46377],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46368,139],{"class":138},[47,46370,117],{"class":61},[47,46372,42194],{"class":138},[47,46374,117],{"class":61},[47,46376,70],{"class":113},[47,46378,2266],{"class":61},[20,46380,46381],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46383,46384,46385,172],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46386,46387],{},".strip()",[38,46389,46391],{"className":40,"code":46390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46392,46393,46415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46394,46395,46397,46399,46401,46403,46405,46407,46409,46411,46413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46396,8523],{"class":53},[47,46398,58],{"class":57},[47,46400,8888],{"class":138},[47,46402,117],{"class":61},[47,46404,66],{"class":65},[47,46406,45303],{"class":69},[47,46408,66],{"class":65},[47,46410,9276],{"class":61},[47,46412,9279],{"class":113},[47,46414,9288],{"class":61},[47,46416,46417,46419,46421,46423],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46418,139],{"class":138},[47,46420,117],{"class":61},[47,46422,70],{"class":113},[47,46424,132],{"class":61},[45333,46426],{},[33,46428,46430],{"id":46429},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46432,46433,46434,46436],{},"These habits make ",[15,46435,3609],{}," easier and safer to use.",[174,46438,46439,46442,46447,46450],{},[177,46440,46441],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[177,46443,156,46444,46446],{},[15,46445,46387],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[177,46448,46449],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[177,46451,156,46452,46454],{},[15,46453,30187],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46456,46457,46458,172],{},"Example with ",[15,46459,46387],{},[38,46461,46463],{"className":40,"code":46462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46464,46465,46489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46466,46467,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46481,46483,46485,46487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46468,46469],{"class":53},"city ",[47,46471,58],{"class":57},[47,46473,8888],{"class":138},[47,46475,117],{"class":61},[47,46477,66],{"class":65},[47,46479,46480],{"class":69},"Enter your city: ",[47,46482,66],{"class":65},[47,46484,9276],{"class":61},[47,46486,9279],{"class":113},[47,46488,9288],{"class":61},[47,46490,46491,46493,46495,46497,46500,46502,46504,46506],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46492,139],{"class":138},[47,46494,117],{"class":61},[47,46496,66],{"class":65},[47,46498,46499],{"class":69},"City:",[47,46501,66],{"class":65},[47,46503,75],{"class":61},[47,46505,31791],{"class":113},[47,46507,132],{"class":61},[20,46509,46457,46510,172],{},[15,46511,30187],{},[38,46513,46515],{"className":40,"code":46514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46516,46517,46523,46546,46578,46586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46518,46519,46521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46520,30209],{"class":1107},[47,46522,7038],{"class":61},[47,46524,46525,46528,46530,46532,46534,46536,46538,46540,46542,46544],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46526,46527],{"class":53},"    age ",[47,46529,58],{"class":57},[47,46531,45693],{"class":106},[47,46533,117],{"class":61},[47,46535,42878],{"class":138},[47,46537,117],{"class":61},[47,46539,66],{"class":65},[47,46541,45597],{"class":69},[47,46543,66],{"class":65},[47,46545,2266],{"class":61},[47,46547,46548,46550,46552,46554,46557,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46574,46576],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46549,8715],{"class":138},[47,46551,117],{"class":61},[47,46553,66],{"class":65},[47,46555,46556],{"class":69},"You will be",[47,46558,66],{"class":65},[47,46560,75],{"class":61},[47,46562,45875],{"class":113},[47,46564,2708],{"class":57},[47,46566,2002],{"class":349},[47,46568,75],{"class":61},[47,46570,78],{"class":65},[47,46572,46573],{"class":69},"next year",[47,46575,66],{"class":65},[47,46577,132],{"class":61},[47,46579,46580,46582,46584],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,46581,30240],{"class":1107},[47,46583,42341],{"class":106},[47,46585,7038],{"class":61},[47,46587,46588,46590,46592,46594,46597,46599],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,46589,8715],{"class":138},[47,46591,117],{"class":61},[47,46593,66],{"class":65},[47,46595,46596],{"class":69},"Please enter a whole number.",[47,46598,66],{"class":65},[47,46600,132],{"class":61},[20,46602,46603],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46605,46606,46607,110],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[210,46608,46610],{"href":46609},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45333,46612],{},[33,46614,1641],{"id":1640},[20,46616,46617,46618,172],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46619,3609],{},[174,46621,46622,46629,46632,46635],{},[177,46623,46624,46625,3530,46627],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46626,3529],{},[15,46628,3536],{},[177,46630,46631],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[177,46633,46634],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[177,46636,46637],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46639,32489],{},[38,46641,46643],{"className":40,"code":46642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46644,46645,46655,46669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46646,46647,46649,46651,46653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46648,139],{"class":138},[47,46650,117],{"class":61},[47,46652,259],{"class":113},[47,46654,132],{"class":61},[47,46656,46657,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46658,139],{"class":138},[47,46660,117],{"class":61},[47,46662,2392],{"class":106},[47,46664,117],{"class":61},[47,46666,259],{"class":113},[47,46668,2266],{"class":61},[47,46670,46671,46673,46675,46677,46679,46681],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46672,139],{"class":138},[47,46674,117],{"class":61},[47,46676,42194],{"class":138},[47,46678,117],{"class":61},[47,46680,259],{"class":113},[47,46682,2266],{"class":61},[20,46684,46685,46686,46688],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46687,3609],{}," actually returned:",[174,46690,46691,46696,46701],{},[177,46692,46693,46695],{},[15,46694,42242],{}," shows the value",[177,46697,46698,46700],{},[15,46699,42248],{}," shows the data type",[177,46702,46703,46705],{},[15,46704,42253],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46707,603],{},[38,46709,46711],{"className":40,"code":46710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46712,46713,46732,46742,46756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46714,46715,46717,46719,46721,46723,46725,46728,46730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46716,3098],{"class":53},[47,46718,58],{"class":57},[47,46720,8888],{"class":138},[47,46722,117],{"class":61},[47,46724,66],{"class":65},[47,46726,46727],{"class":69},"Enter something: ",[47,46729,66],{"class":65},[47,46731,132],{"class":61},[47,46733,46734,46736,46738,46740],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46735,139],{"class":138},[47,46737,117],{"class":61},[47,46739,259],{"class":113},[47,46741,132],{"class":61},[47,46743,46744,46746,46748,46750,46752,46754],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46745,139],{"class":138},[47,46747,117],{"class":61},[47,46749,2392],{"class":106},[47,46751,117],{"class":61},[47,46753,259],{"class":113},[47,46755,2266],{"class":61},[47,46757,46758,46760,46762,46764,46766,46768],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,46759,139],{"class":138},[47,46761,117],{"class":61},[47,46763,42194],{"class":138},[47,46765,117],{"class":61},[47,46767,259],{"class":113},[47,46769,2266],{"class":61},[45333,46771],{},[33,46773,2429],{"id":2428},[244,46775,2433,46777,46779],{"id":46776},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46778,3609],{}," return an integer?",[20,46781,46782,46783,46785,46786,40343],{},"No. ",[15,46784,3609],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46787,3529],{},[244,46789,46791,46792,3143],{"id":46790},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46793,3609],{},[20,46795,46796,46797,46799],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46798,3609],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[244,46801,5801,46803,46806,46807,3143],{"id":46802},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46804,46805],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46808,3609],{},[20,46810,29466,46811,46813,46814,42570,46816,46818],{},[15,46812,3609],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46815,46123],{},[15,46817,46127],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[244,46820,46822],{"id":46821},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46824,156,46825,46827,46828,110],{},[15,46826,46387],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46829,46830],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45333,46832],{},[33,46834,2526],{"id":2525},[174,46836,46837,46842,46846,46852,46858,46862],{},[177,46838,46839],{},[210,46840,46841],{"href":46609},"How to get user input in Python",[177,46843,46844],{},[210,46845,9703],{"href":9625},[177,46847,46848],{},[210,46849,4226,46850,4159],{"href":3526},[15,46851,3529],{},[177,46853,46854],{},[210,46855,4226,46856,4159],{"href":3533},[15,46857,3536],{},[177,46859,46860],{},[210,46861,46334],{"href":46333},[177,46863,46864],{},[210,46865,4226,46867,4159],{"href":46866},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46868,46869],{},"print()",[2563,46871,46872],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":46874},[46875,46876,46878,46879,46881,46887,46895,46896,46897,46906],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":45337,"depth":98,"text":46877},"What input() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":45566,"depth":98,"text":46880},"What input() returns",{"id":45769,"depth":98,"text":45770,"children":46882},[46883,46884,46886],{"id":45773,"depth":135,"text":45774},{"id":45826,"depth":135,"text":46885},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45897,"depth":135,"text":45898},{"id":46132,"depth":98,"text":46133,"children":46888},[46889,46891,46892,46894],{"id":46141,"depth":135,"text":46890},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46209,"depth":135,"text":46210},{"id":46284,"depth":135,"text":46893},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46337,"depth":135,"text":46338},{"id":46429,"depth":98,"text":46430},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":46898},[46899,46901,46903,46905],{"id":46776,"depth":135,"text":46900},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46790,"depth":135,"text":46902},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46802,"depth":135,"text":46904},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46821,"depth":135,"text":46822},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42609,"description":46907},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46914,"title":42511,"body":46915,"description":49228,"extension":2611,"meta":49229,"navigation":357,"path":49230,"seo":49231,"stem":49232,"__hash__":49233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46916,"toc":49180},[46917,46922,46927,46932,46953,46956,46958,47018,47020,47039,47044,47049,47054,47056,47069,47071,47154,47156,47197,47203,47205,47235,47241,47244,47261,47263,47315,47317,47335,47341,47347,47350,47368,47370,47443,47445,47464,47471,47477,47482,47485,47545,47547,47566,47569,47572,47587,47593,47597,47658,47660,47681,47685,47814,47816,47946,47956,47962,47968,47976,48042,48044,48069,48072,48089,48102,48108,48111,48144,48146,48159,48162,48205,48207,48215,48222,48226,48233,48237,48264,48266,48274,48280,48297,48302,48306,48333,48335,48343,48347,48352,48355,48381,48384,48393,48401,48405,48415,48419,48422,48424,48475,48477,48507,48517,48544,48546,48554,48564,48568,48571,48573,48621,48623,48667,48673,48724,48726,48745,48750,48755,48758,48777,48780,48832,48834,48843,48845,48849,48853,48856,48865,48872,48874,48901,48905,48907,48916,48919,48926,48932,48992,48996,48998,49006,49009,49035,49041,49044,49064,49066,49075,49083,49085,49091,49096,49103,49113,49119,49127,49131,49134,49136,49177],[10,46918,4226,46920,4230],{"id":46919},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46921,3529],{},[20,46923,32724,46924,46926],{},[15,46925,3529],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46928,35815,46929,46931],{},[15,46930,3529],{}," when they want to:",[174,46933,46934,46944,46947,46950],{},[177,46935,46936,46937,46940,46941],{},"turn text like ",[15,46938,46939],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46942,46943],{},"42",[177,46945,46946],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[177,46948,46949],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[177,46951,46952],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46954,46955],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[33,46957,36],{"id":35},[38,46959,46961],{"className":40,"code":46960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46962,46963,46981,46995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46964,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973,46975,46977,46979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46966,139],{"class":138},[47,46968,117],{"class":61},[47,46970,2837],{"class":106},[47,46972,117],{"class":61},[47,46974,66],{"class":65},[47,46976,46943],{"class":69},[47,46978,66],{"class":65},[47,46980,2266],{"class":61},[47,46982,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,46984,139],{"class":138},[47,46986,117],{"class":61},[47,46988,2837],{"class":106},[47,46990,117],{"class":61},[47,46992,42399],{"class":349},[47,46994,2266],{"class":61},[47,46996,46997,46999,47001,47003,47005,47007,47010,47012,47014,47016],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,46998,139],{"class":138},[47,47000,117],{"class":61},[47,47002,2837],{"class":106},[47,47004,117],{"class":61},[47,47006,66],{"class":65},[47,47008,47009],{"class":69},"101",[47,47011,66],{"class":65},[47,47013,75],{"class":61},[47,47015,2409],{"class":349},[47,47017,2266],{"class":61},[20,47019,372],{},[38,47021,47023],{"className":40,"code":47022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47024,47025,47030,47035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47026,47027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47028,47029],{"class":349},"42\n",[47,47031,47032],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47033,47034],{"class":349},"3\n",[47,47036,47037],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47038,3598],{"class":349},[20,47040,156,47041,47043],{},[15,47042,3529],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[33,47045,164,47047,167],{"id":47046},"what-int-does",[15,47048,3529],{},[20,47050,47051,47053],{},[15,47052,3529],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47055,13677],{},[174,47057,47058,47063,47066],{},[177,47059,47060,47061,7985],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47062,2837],{},[177,47064,47065],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[177,47067,47068],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47070,603],{},[38,47072,47074],{"className":40,"code":47073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47075,47076,47088,47102,47106,47116,47126,47140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47077,47078,47080,47082,47084,47086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47079,35096],{"class":53},[47,47081,58],{"class":57},[47,47083,78],{"class":65},[47,47085,9836],{"class":69},[47,47087,689],{"class":65},[47,47089,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47091,2866],{"class":53},[47,47093,58],{"class":57},[47,47095,45693],{"class":106},[47,47097,117],{"class":61},[47,47099,35117],{"class":113},[47,47101,132],{"class":61},[47,47103,47104],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47105,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,47107,47108,47110,47112,47114],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,47109,139],{"class":138},[47,47111,117],{"class":61},[47,47113,35117],{"class":113},[47,47115,132],{"class":61},[47,47117,47118,47120,47122,47124],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,47119,139],{"class":138},[47,47121,117],{"class":61},[47,47123,2889],{"class":113},[47,47125,132],{"class":61},[47,47127,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,47129,139],{"class":138},[47,47131,117],{"class":61},[47,47133,2392],{"class":106},[47,47135,117],{"class":61},[47,47137,35117],{"class":113},[47,47139,2266],{"class":61},[47,47141,47142,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,47143,139],{"class":138},[47,47145,117],{"class":61},[47,47147,2392],{"class":106},[47,47149,117],{"class":61},[47,47151,2889],{"class":113},[47,47153,2266],{"class":61},[20,47155,372],{},[38,47157,47159],{"className":40,"code":47158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47160,47161,47165,47169,47183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47162,47163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47164,3361],{"class":349},[47,47166,47167],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47168,3361],{"class":349},[47,47170,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179,47181],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47172,3941],{"class":57},[47,47174,3944],{"class":2714},[47,47176,398],{"class":65},[47,47178,4093],{"class":69},[47,47180,385],{"class":65},[47,47182,3953],{"class":57},[47,47184,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193,47195],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,47186,3941],{"class":57},[47,47188,3944],{"class":2714},[47,47190,398],{"class":65},[47,47192,2837],{"class":69},[47,47194,385],{"class":65},[47,47196,3953],{"class":57},[20,47198,47199,47200,47202],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47201,3529],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[33,47204,2806],{"id":2805},[38,47206,47208],{"className":40,"code":47207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47209,47210,47220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47211,47212,47214,47216,47218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47213,2837],{"class":106},[47,47215,117],{"class":61},[47,47217,1995],{"class":113},[47,47219,132],{"class":61},[47,47221,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230,47233],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47223,2837],{"class":106},[47,47225,117],{"class":61},[47,47227,1995],{"class":113},[47,47229,75],{"class":61},[47,47231,47232],{"class":113}," base",[47,47234,132],{"class":61},[244,47236,47238],{"id":47237},"intx",[15,47239,47240],{},"int(x)",[20,47242,47243],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[174,47245,47246,47251,47256],{},[177,47247,47248,47249],{},"a string such as ",[15,47250,42541],{},[177,47252,47253,47254],{},"a float such as ",[15,47255,42399],{},[177,47257,47258,47259],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47260,4255],{},[20,47262,603],{},[38,47264,47266],{"className":40,"code":47265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47267,47268,47286,47301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47269,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47271,139],{"class":138},[47,47273,117],{"class":61},[47,47275,2837],{"class":106},[47,47277,117],{"class":61},[47,47279,66],{"class":65},[47,47281,2981],{"class":69},[47,47283,66],{"class":65},[47,47285,2266],{"class":61},[47,47287,47288,47290,47292,47294,47296,47299],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47289,139],{"class":138},[47,47291,117],{"class":61},[47,47293,2837],{"class":106},[47,47295,117],{"class":61},[47,47297,47298],{"class":349},"8.7",[47,47300,2266],{"class":61},[47,47302,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47313],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47304,139],{"class":138},[47,47306,117],{"class":61},[47,47308,2837],{"class":106},[47,47310,117],{"class":61},[47,47312,4255],{"class":559},[47,47314,2266],{"class":61},[20,47316,372],{},[38,47318,47320],{"className":40,"code":47319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47321,47322,47326,47330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47323,47324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47325,3027],{"class":349},[47,47327,47328],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47329,3032],{"class":349},[47,47331,47332],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47333,47334],{"class":349},"1\n",[244,47336,47338],{"id":47337},"intx-base",[15,47339,47340],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47342,47343,47344,47346],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47345,1995],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47348,47349],{},"Common bases:",[174,47351,47352,47357,47362],{},[177,47353,47354,47356],{},[15,47355,2705],{}," for binary",[177,47358,47359,47361],{},[15,47360,2996],{}," for octal",[177,47363,47364,47367],{},[15,47365,47366],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47369,603],{},[38,47371,47373],{"className":40,"code":47372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47374,47375,47397,47420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47378,139],{"class":138},[47,47380,117],{"class":61},[47,47382,2837],{"class":106},[47,47384,117],{"class":61},[47,47386,66],{"class":65},[47,47388,47009],{"class":69},[47,47390,66],{"class":65},[47,47392,75],{"class":61},[47,47394,2409],{"class":349},[47,47396,2266],{"class":61},[47,47398,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409,47412,47414,47416,47418],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47400,139],{"class":138},[47,47402,117],{"class":61},[47,47404,2837],{"class":106},[47,47406,117],{"class":61},[47,47408,66],{"class":65},[47,47410,47411],{"class":69},"17",[47,47413,66],{"class":65},[47,47415,75],{"class":61},[47,47417,7004],{"class":349},[47,47419,2266],{"class":61},[47,47421,47422,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47435,47437,47439,47441],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47423,139],{"class":138},[47,47425,117],{"class":61},[47,47427,2837],{"class":106},[47,47429,117],{"class":61},[47,47431,66],{"class":65},[47,47433,47434],{"class":69},"1A",[47,47436,66],{"class":65},[47,47438,75],{"class":61},[47,47440,14603],{"class":349},[47,47442,2266],{"class":61},[20,47444,372],{},[38,47446,47448],{"className":40,"code":47447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47449,47450,47454,47459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47451,47452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47453,3598],{"class":349},[47,47455,47456],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47457,47458],{"class":349},"15\n",[47,47460,47461],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47462,47463],{"class":349},"26\n",[20,47465,47466,47467,110],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[210,47468,47469,2953],{"href":3533},[15,47470,3536],{},[33,47472,453,47474,47476],{"id":47473},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47475,3529],{}," with strings",[20,47478,47479,47481],{},[15,47480,3529],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47483,47484],{},"Examples that work:",[38,47486,47488],{"className":40,"code":47487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47489,47490,47508,47526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47491,47492,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47493,139],{"class":138},[47,47495,117],{"class":61},[47,47497,2837],{"class":106},[47,47499,117],{"class":61},[47,47501,66],{"class":65},[47,47503,2784],{"class":69},[47,47505,66],{"class":65},[47,47507,2266],{"class":61},[47,47509,47510,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520,47522,47524],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47511,139],{"class":138},[47,47513,117],{"class":61},[47,47515,2837],{"class":106},[47,47517,117],{"class":61},[47,47519,66],{"class":65},[47,47521,2942],{"class":69},[47,47523,66],{"class":65},[47,47525,2266],{"class":61},[47,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47541,47543],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47529,139],{"class":138},[47,47531,117],{"class":61},[47,47533,2837],{"class":106},[47,47535,117],{"class":61},[47,47537,66],{"class":65},[47,47539,47540],{"class":69},"  42  ",[47,47542,66],{"class":65},[47,47544,2266],{"class":61},[20,47546,372],{},[38,47548,47550],{"className":40,"code":47549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47551,47552,47556,47562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47553,47554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47555,3598],{"class":349},[47,47557,47558,47560],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47559,2670],{"class":57},[47,47561,2874],{"class":349},[47,47563,47564],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47565,47029],{"class":349},[20,47567,47568],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47570,47571],{},"Examples that fail:",[38,47573,47575],{"className":40,"code":47574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47576,47577,47582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47578,47579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47580,47581],{"class":152},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[47,47583,47584],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47585,47586],{"class":152},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47588,47589,47590,47592],{},"These raise ",[15,47591,41118],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[244,47594,47596],{"id":47595},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[38,47598,47600],{"className":40,"code":47599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47601,47602,47620,47639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47603,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47605,139],{"class":138},[47,47607,117],{"class":61},[47,47609,2837],{"class":106},[47,47611,117],{"class":61},[47,47613,66],{"class":65},[47,47615,436],{"class":69},[47,47617,66],{"class":65},[47,47619,2266],{"class":61},[47,47621,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630,47632,47635,47637],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47623,139],{"class":138},[47,47625,117],{"class":61},[47,47627,2837],{"class":106},[47,47629,117],{"class":61},[47,47631,66],{"class":65},[47,47633,47634],{"class":69},"+7",[47,47636,66],{"class":65},[47,47638,2266],{"class":61},[47,47640,47641,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651,47654,47656],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47642,139],{"class":138},[47,47644,117],{"class":61},[47,47646,2837],{"class":106},[47,47648,117],{"class":61},[47,47650,66],{"class":65},[47,47652,47653],{"class":69},"-100",[47,47655,66],{"class":65},[47,47657,2266],{"class":61},[20,47659,372],{},[38,47661,47663],{"className":40,"code":47662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47664,47665,47670,47674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47666,47667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47668,47669],{"class":349},"0\n",[47,47671,47672],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47673,2729],{"class":349},[47,47675,47676,47678],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47677,2670],{"class":57},[47,47679,47680],{"class":349},"100\n",[244,47682,47684],{"id":47683},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[38,47686,47688],{"className":40,"code":47687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47689,47690,47728,47732,47744,47751,47766,47781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47691,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719,47721,47724,47726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47693,4470],{"class":53},[47,47695,58],{"class":57},[47,47697,62],{"class":61},[47,47699,66],{"class":65},[47,47701,40557],{"class":69},[47,47703,66],{"class":65},[47,47705,75],{"class":61},[47,47707,78],{"class":65},[47,47709,47710],{"class":69},"12abc",[47,47712,66],{"class":65},[47,47714,75],{"class":61},[47,47716,6770],{"class":65},[47,47718,75],{"class":61},[47,47720,78],{"class":65},[47,47722,47723],{"class":69},"seven",[47,47725,66],{"class":65},[47,47727,95],{"class":61},[47,47729,47730],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47731,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,47733,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47735,6601],{"class":1107},[47,47737,21986],{"class":53},[47,47739,1114],{"class":1107},[47,47741,4529],{"class":53},[47,47743,7038],{"class":61},[47,47745,47746,47749],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,47747,47748],{"class":1107},"    try",[47,47750,7038],{"class":61},[47,47752,47753,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,47754,47755],{"class":138},"        print",[47,47757,117],{"class":61},[47,47759,2837],{"class":106},[47,47761,117],{"class":61},[47,47763,259],{"class":113},[47,47765,2266],{"class":61},[47,47767,47768,47771,47773,47776,47779],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,47769,47770],{"class":1107},"    except",[47,47772,42341],{"class":106},[47,47774,47775],{"class":1107}," as",[47,47777,47778],{"class":53}," error",[47,47780,7038],{"class":61},[47,47782,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47798,47800,47803,47805,47808,47810,47812],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,47784,47755],{"class":138},[47,47786,117],{"class":61},[47,47788,22696],{"class":2714},[47,47790,66],{"class":69},[47,47792,382],{"class":349},[47,47794,259],{"class":113},[47,47796,47797],{"class":2714},"!r",[47,47799,22705],{"class":349},[47,47801,47802],{"class":69}," -> ",[47,47804,382],{"class":349},[47,47806,47807],{"class":113},"error",[47,47809,22705],{"class":349},[47,47811,66],{"class":69},[47,47813,132],{"class":61},[20,47815,372],{},[38,47817,47819],{"className":40,"code":47818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47820,47821,47857,47889,47914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47822,47823,47825,47827,47829,47832,47835,47837,47839,47841,47844,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47824,385],{"class":43744},[47,47826,40557],{"class":43748},[47,47828,385],{"class":43744},[47,47830,47831],{"class":37779}," ->",[47,47833,47834],{"class":53}," invalid literal ",[47,47836,6601],{"class":1107},[47,47838,45693],{"class":106},[47,47840,8011],{"class":61},[47,47842,47843],{"class":1107}," with",[47,47845,47846],{"class":53}," base ",[47,47848,2981],{"class":349},[47,47850,172],{"class":61},[47,47852,398],{"class":65},[47,47854,40557],{"class":69},[47,47856,30105],{"class":65},[47,47858,47859,47861,47863,47865,47867,47869,47871,47873,47875,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47860,385],{"class":65},[47,47862,47710],{"class":69},[47,47864,385],{"class":65},[47,47866,47831],{"class":37779},[47,47868,47834],{"class":53},[47,47870,6601],{"class":1107},[47,47872,45693],{"class":106},[47,47874,8011],{"class":61},[47,47876,47843],{"class":1107},[47,47878,47846],{"class":53},[47,47880,2981],{"class":349},[47,47882,172],{"class":61},[47,47884,398],{"class":65},[47,47886,47710],{"class":69},[47,47888,30105],{"class":65},[47,47890,47891,47893,47895,47897,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,47892,4424],{"class":65},[47,47894,47831],{"class":37779},[47,47896,47834],{"class":53},[47,47898,6601],{"class":1107},[47,47900,45693],{"class":106},[47,47902,8011],{"class":61},[47,47904,47843],{"class":1107},[47,47906,47846],{"class":53},[47,47908,2981],{"class":349},[47,47910,172],{"class":61},[47,47912,47913],{"class":65}," ''\n",[47,47915,47916,47918,47920,47922,47924,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934,47936,47938,47940,47942,47944],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,47917,385],{"class":65},[47,47919,47723],{"class":69},[47,47921,385],{"class":65},[47,47923,47831],{"class":37779},[47,47925,47834],{"class":53},[47,47927,6601],{"class":1107},[47,47929,45693],{"class":106},[47,47931,8011],{"class":61},[47,47933,47843],{"class":1107},[47,47935,47846],{"class":53},[47,47937,2981],{"class":349},[47,47939,172],{"class":61},[47,47941,398],{"class":65},[47,47943,47723],{"class":69},[47,47945,30105],{"class":65},[20,47947,47948,47949,47951,47952,110],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[210,47950,9626],{"href":9625}," and the ",[210,47953,47954,2953],{"href":8865},[15,47955,3609],{},[33,47957,453,47959,47961],{"id":47958},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47960,3529],{}," with floats",[20,47963,47964,47965,47967],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47966,3529],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47969,47970,47971,14668,47973,47975],{},"Important: ",[15,47972,3529],{},[278,47974,1369],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[38,47977,47979],{"className":40,"code":47978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47980,47981,47995,48010,48026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47982,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47984,139],{"class":138},[47,47986,117],{"class":61},[47,47988,2837],{"class":106},[47,47990,117],{"class":61},[47,47992,42399],{"class":349},[47,47994,2266],{"class":61},[47,47996,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48008],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,47998,139],{"class":138},[47,48000,117],{"class":61},[47,48002,2837],{"class":106},[47,48004,117],{"class":61},[47,48006,48007],{"class":349},"3.1",[47,48009,2266],{"class":61},[47,48011,48012,48014,48016,48018,48020,48022,48024],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48013,139],{"class":138},[47,48015,117],{"class":61},[47,48017,2837],{"class":106},[47,48019,117],{"class":61},[47,48021,2670],{"class":57},[47,48023,42399],{"class":349},[47,48025,2266],{"class":61},[47,48027,48028,48030,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48029,139],{"class":138},[47,48031,117],{"class":61},[47,48033,2837],{"class":106},[47,48035,117],{"class":61},[47,48037,2670],{"class":57},[47,48039,48007],{"class":349},[47,48041,2266],{"class":61},[20,48043,372],{},[38,48045,48047],{"className":40,"code":48046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48048,48049,48053,48057,48063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48050,48051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48052,47034],{"class":349},[47,48054,48055],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48056,47034],{"class":349},[47,48058,48059,48061],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48060,2670],{"class":57},[47,48062,47034],{"class":349},[47,48064,48065,48067],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48066,2670],{"class":57},[47,48068,47034],{"class":349},[20,48070,48071],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[174,48073,48074,48081],{},[177,48075,48076,42570,48079],{},[15,48077,48078],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48080,2711],{},[177,48082,48083,42570,48086],{},[15,48084,48085],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48087,48088],{},"-3",[20,48090,48091,48092,48096,48097,110],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[210,48093,48094],{"href":3533},[15,48095,3536],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[210,48098,48099],{"href":42590},[15,48100,48101],{},"str()",[33,48103,453,48105,48107],{"id":48104},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48106,3529],{}," with booleans",[20,48109,48110],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[38,48112,48114],{"className":40,"code":48113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48115,48116,48130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48117,48118,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48119,139],{"class":138},[47,48121,117],{"class":61},[47,48123,2837],{"class":106},[47,48125,117],{"class":61},[47,48127,4255],{"class":559},[47,48129,2266],{"class":61},[47,48131,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48133,139],{"class":138},[47,48135,117],{"class":61},[47,48137,2837],{"class":106},[47,48139,117],{"class":61},[47,48141,4326],{"class":559},[47,48143,2266],{"class":61},[20,48145,372],{},[38,48147,48149],{"className":40,"code":48148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n0\n",[15,48150,48151,48155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48152,48153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48154,47334],{"class":349},[47,48156,48157],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48158,47669],{"class":349},[20,48160,48161],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[38,48163,48165],{"className":40,"code":48164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48166,48167,48176,48191,48195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48168,48169,48172,48174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48170,48171],{"class":53},"passed ",[47,48173,58],{"class":57},[47,48175,1518],{"class":559},[47,48177,48178,48180,48182,48184,48186,48189],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48179,41597],{"class":53},[47,48181,58],{"class":57},[47,48183,45693],{"class":106},[47,48185,117],{"class":61},[47,48187,48188],{"class":113},"passed",[47,48190,132],{"class":61},[47,48192,48193],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48194,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,48196,48197,48199,48201,48203],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48198,139],{"class":138},[47,48200,117],{"class":61},[47,48202,41626],{"class":113},[47,48204,132],{"class":61},[20,48206,372],{},[38,48208,48209],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48210,48211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48212,48213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48214,47334],{"class":349},[20,48216,48217,48218,110],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[210,48219,48220,2953],{"href":6425},[15,48221,4460],{},[33,48223,48225],{"id":48224},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48227,48228,48229,48232],{},"Use the ",[15,48230,48231],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[244,48234,48236],{"id":48235},"binary-example","Binary example",[38,48238,48240],{"className":40,"code":48239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48241,48242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48243,48244,48246,48248,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48245,139],{"class":138},[47,48247,117],{"class":61},[47,48249,2837],{"class":106},[47,48251,117],{"class":61},[47,48253,66],{"class":65},[47,48255,47009],{"class":69},[47,48257,66],{"class":65},[47,48259,75],{"class":61},[47,48261,2409],{"class":349},[47,48263,2266],{"class":61},[20,48265,372],{},[38,48267,48268],{"className":40,"code":3598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48269,48270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48271,48272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48273,3598],{"class":349},[20,48275,48276,48279],{},[15,48277,48278],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[174,48281,48282,48287,48292],{},[177,48283,48284],{},[15,48285,48286],{},"1 × 4",[177,48288,48289],{},[15,48290,48291],{},"0 × 2",[177,48293,48294],{},[15,48295,48296],{},"1 × 1",[20,48298,48299,48300,110],{},"So the result is ",[15,48301,2784],{},[244,48303,48305],{"id":48304},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[38,48307,48309],{"className":40,"code":48308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48310,48311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48312,48313,48315,48317,48319,48321,48323,48325,48327,48329,48331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48314,139],{"class":138},[47,48316,117],{"class":61},[47,48318,2837],{"class":106},[47,48320,117],{"class":61},[47,48322,66],{"class":65},[47,48324,47434],{"class":69},[47,48326,66],{"class":65},[47,48328,75],{"class":61},[47,48330,14603],{"class":349},[47,48332,2266],{"class":61},[20,48334,372],{},[38,48336,48337],{"className":40,"code":47463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48338,48339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48340,48341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48342,47463],{"class":349},[244,48344,48346],{"id":48345},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48348,2628,48349,48351],{},[15,48350,48231],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48353,48354],{},"Good:",[38,48356,48357],{"className":40,"code":48239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48358,48359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48360,48361,48363,48365,48367,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377,48379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48362,139],{"class":138},[47,48364,117],{"class":61},[47,48366,2837],{"class":106},[47,48368,117],{"class":61},[47,48370,66],{"class":65},[47,48372,47009],{"class":69},[47,48374,66],{"class":65},[47,48376,75],{"class":61},[47,48378,2409],{"class":349},[47,48380,2266],{"class":61},[20,48382,48383],{},"Not correct:",[38,48385,48387],{"className":40,"code":48386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48388,48389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48390,48391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48392,48386],{"class":152},[20,48394,48395,48396,9246,48398,48400],{},"That causes a ",[15,48397,3655],{},[15,48399,48231],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[33,48402,48404],{"id":48403},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48406,48407,48408,48410,48411,5036,48413,110],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48409,3529],{}," are ",[15,48412,41118],{},[15,48414,3655],{},[244,48416,48417],{"id":41928},[15,48418,41118],{},[20,48420,48421],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48423,603],{},[38,48425,48427],{"className":40,"code":48426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48428,48429,48435,48453,48465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48430,48431,48433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48432,30209],{"class":1107},[47,48434,7038],{"class":61},[47,48436,48437,48439,48441,48443,48445,48447,48449,48451],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48438,8715],{"class":138},[47,48440,117],{"class":61},[47,48442,2837],{"class":106},[47,48444,117],{"class":61},[47,48446,66],{"class":65},[47,48448,40557],{"class":69},[47,48450,66],{"class":65},[47,48452,2266],{"class":61},[47,48454,48455,48457,48459,48461,48463],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48456,30240],{"class":1107},[47,48458,42341],{"class":106},[47,48460,47775],{"class":1107},[47,48462,47778],{"class":53},[47,48464,7038],{"class":61},[47,48466,48467,48469,48471,48473],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48468,8715],{"class":138},[47,48470,117],{"class":61},[47,48472,47807],{"class":113},[47,48474,132],{"class":61},[20,48476,372],{},[38,48478,48480],{"className":40,"code":48479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48481,48482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48483,48484,48487,48489,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501,48503,48505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48485,48486],{"class":53},"invalid literal ",[47,48488,6601],{"class":1107},[47,48490,45693],{"class":106},[47,48492,8011],{"class":61},[47,48494,47843],{"class":1107},[47,48496,47846],{"class":53},[47,48498,2981],{"class":349},[47,48500,172],{"class":61},[47,48502,398],{"class":65},[47,48504,40557],{"class":69},[47,48506,30105],{"class":65},[20,48508,48509,48510,48513,48514,48516],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48511,48512],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48515,3529],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[38,48518,48520],{"className":40,"code":48519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48521,48522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48523,48524,48526,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536,48538,48540,48542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48525,139],{"class":138},[47,48527,117],{"class":61},[47,48529,2837],{"class":106},[47,48531,117],{"class":61},[47,48533,2841],{"class":106},[47,48535,117],{"class":61},[47,48537,66],{"class":65},[47,48539,40557],{"class":69},[47,48541,66],{"class":65},[47,48543,2425],{"class":61},[20,48545,372],{},[38,48547,48548],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48549,48550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48551,48552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48553,47034],{"class":349},[20,48555,48556,48557,5036,48560,110],{},"If you see this often, read ",[210,48558,48559],{"href":3613},"how to convert string to int in Python",[210,48561,26083,48562],{"href":46333},[15,48563,46334],{},[244,48565,48566],{"id":41994},[15,48567,3655],{},[20,48569,48570],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48572,603],{},[38,48574,48576],{"className":40,"code":48575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48577,48578,48584,48598,48611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48579,48580,48582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48581,30209],{"class":1107},[47,48583,7038],{"class":61},[47,48585,48586,48588,48590,48592,48594,48596],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48587,8715],{"class":138},[47,48589,117],{"class":61},[47,48591,2837],{"class":106},[47,48593,117],{"class":61},[47,48595,269],{"class":559},[47,48597,2266],{"class":61},[47,48599,48600,48602,48605,48607,48609],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48601,30240],{"class":1107},[47,48603,48604],{"class":106}," TypeError",[47,48606,47775],{"class":1107},[47,48608,47778],{"class":53},[47,48610,7038],{"class":61},[47,48612,48613,48615,48617,48619],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48614,8715],{"class":138},[47,48616,117],{"class":61},[47,48618,47807],{"class":113},[47,48620,132],{"class":61},[20,48622,372],{},[38,48624,48626],{"className":40,"code":48625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48627,48628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48629,48630,48632,48634,48637,48639,48641,48644,48646,48649,48651,48654,48656,48658,48660,48662,48665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48631,2837],{"class":106},[47,48633,8011],{"class":61},[47,48635,48636],{"class":53}," argument must be a string",[47,48638,75],{"class":61},[47,48640,44961],{"class":53},[47,48642,48643],{"class":106},"bytes",[47,48645,2670],{"class":57},[47,48647,48648],{"class":53},"like ",[47,48650,42814],{"class":106},[47,48652,48653],{"class":57}," or",[47,48655,41254],{"class":53},[47,48657,75],{"class":61},[47,48659,8745],{"class":57},[47,48661,398],{"class":65},[47,48663,48664],{"class":69},"NoneType",[47,48666,30105],{"class":65},[20,48668,48669,48670,48672],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48671,48231],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[38,48674,48676],{"className":40,"code":48675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48677,48678,48684,48702,48714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48679,48680,48682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48681,30209],{"class":1107},[47,48683,7038],{"class":61},[47,48685,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694,48696,48698,48700],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48687,8715],{"class":138},[47,48689,117],{"class":61},[47,48691,2837],{"class":106},[47,48693,117],{"class":61},[47,48695,47009],{"class":349},[47,48697,75],{"class":61},[47,48699,2409],{"class":349},[47,48701,2266],{"class":61},[47,48703,48704,48706,48708,48710,48712],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48705,30240],{"class":1107},[47,48707,48604],{"class":106},[47,48709,47775],{"class":1107},[47,48711,47778],{"class":53},[47,48713,7038],{"class":61},[47,48715,48716,48718,48720,48722],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48717,8715],{"class":138},[47,48719,117],{"class":61},[47,48721,47807],{"class":113},[47,48723,132],{"class":61},[20,48725,372],{},[38,48727,48729],{"className":40,"code":48728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48730,48731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48732,48733,48735,48737,48740,48742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48734,2837],{"class":106},[47,48736,8011],{"class":61},[47,48738,48739],{"class":53}," can",[47,48741,385],{"class":65},[47,48743,48744],{"class":69},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[33,48746,1216,48748],{"id":48747},"when-to-use-int",[15,48749,3529],{},[20,48751,156,48752,48754],{},[15,48753,3529],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48756,48757],{},"Common uses:",[174,48759,48760,48766,48769,48772],{},[177,48761,48762,48763,48765],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48764,3609],{}," into integers",[177,48767,48768],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[177,48770,48771],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[177,48773,48774,48775,37027],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48776,48231],{},[20,48778,48779],{},"Example with user input:",[38,48781,48783],{"className":40,"code":48782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48784,48785,48799,48814,48818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48786,48787,48790,48792,48794,48797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48788,48789],{"class":53},"age_text ",[47,48791,58],{"class":57},[47,48793,78],{"class":65},[47,48795,48796],{"class":69},"18",[47,48798,689],{"class":65},[47,48800,48801,48803,48805,48807,48809,48812],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48802,22030],{"class":53},[47,48804,58],{"class":57},[47,48806,45693],{"class":106},[47,48808,117],{"class":61},[47,48810,48811],{"class":113},"age_text",[47,48813,132],{"class":61},[47,48815,48816],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48817,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,48819,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828,48830],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48821,139],{"class":138},[47,48823,117],{"class":61},[47,48825,22030],{"class":113},[47,48827,2708],{"class":57},[47,48829,2002],{"class":349},[47,48831,132],{"class":61},[20,48833,372],{},[38,48835,48837],{"className":40,"code":48836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19\n",[15,48838,48839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48840,48841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48842,48836],{"class":349},[33,48844,1641],{"id":1640},[20,48846,1644,48847,110],{},[15,48848,3529],{},[244,48850,48852],{"id":48851},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48854,48855],{},"This fails:",[38,48857,48859],{"className":40,"code":48858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48860,48861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48862,48863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48864,48858],{"class":152},[20,48866,48867,48868,48871],{},"Why: ",[15,48869,48870],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48873,1766],{},[38,48875,48877],{"className":40,"code":48876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48878,48879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48880,48881,48883,48885,48887,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48882,139],{"class":138},[47,48884,117],{"class":61},[47,48886,2837],{"class":106},[47,48888,117],{"class":61},[47,48890,2841],{"class":106},[47,48892,117],{"class":61},[47,48894,66],{"class":65},[47,48896,41538],{"class":69},[47,48898,66],{"class":65},[47,48900,2425],{"class":61},[244,48902,48904],{"id":48903},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48906,48855],{},[38,48908,48910],{"className":40,"code":48909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48911,48912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48913,48914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48915,48909],{"class":152},[20,48917,48918],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[244,48920,48922,48923],{"id":48921},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48924,48925],{},"int(None)",[20,48927,48928,48929,48931],{},"This fails because ",[15,48930,269],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[38,48933,48935],{"className":40,"code":48934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48936,48937,48946,48950,48956,48970,48982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48938,48939,48941,48943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48940,3098],{"class":53},[47,48942,58],{"class":57},[47,48944,48945],{"class":559}," None\n",[47,48947,48948],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,48949,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,48951,48952,48954],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,48953,30209],{"class":1107},[47,48955,7038],{"class":61},[47,48957,48958,48960,48962,48964,48966,48968],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,48959,8715],{"class":138},[47,48961,117],{"class":61},[47,48963,2837],{"class":106},[47,48965,117],{"class":61},[47,48967,259],{"class":113},[47,48969,2266],{"class":61},[47,48971,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,48973,30240],{"class":1107},[47,48975,48604],{"class":106},[47,48977,47775],{"class":1107},[47,48979,47778],{"class":53},[47,48981,7038],{"class":61},[47,48983,48984,48986,48988,48990],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,48985,8715],{"class":138},[47,48987,117],{"class":61},[47,48989,47807],{"class":113},[47,48991,132],{"class":61},[244,48993,48995],{"id":48994},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48997,48855],{},[38,48999,49000],{"className":40,"code":48386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49001,49002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49003,49004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49005,48386],{"class":152},[20,49007,49008],{},"Use a string instead:",[38,49010,49011],{"className":40,"code":48239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49012,49013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49014,49015,49017,49019,49021,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49016,139],{"class":138},[47,49018,117],{"class":61},[47,49020,2837],{"class":106},[47,49022,117],{"class":61},[47,49024,66],{"class":65},[47,49026,47009],{"class":69},[47,49028,66],{"class":65},[47,49030,75],{"class":61},[47,49032,2409],{"class":349},[47,49034,2266],{"class":61},[244,49036,1968,49038,49040],{"id":49037},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49039,3529],{}," to round",[20,49042,49043],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[38,49045,49047],{"className":40,"code":49046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49048,49049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49050,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49052,139],{"class":138},[47,49054,117],{"class":61},[47,49056,2837],{"class":106},[47,49058,117],{"class":61},[47,49060,49061],{"class":349},"4.9",[47,49063,2266],{"class":61},[20,49065,372],{},[38,49067,49069],{"className":40,"code":49068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n",[15,49070,49071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49072,49073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49074,49068],{"class":349},[20,49076,3820,49077,49079,49080,49082],{},[15,49078,2784],{},", remember that ",[15,49081,3529],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[33,49084,2429],{"id":2428},[244,49086,2433,49088,49090],{"id":49087},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49089,3529],{}," round numbers?",[20,49092,46782,49093,49095],{},[15,49094,3529],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[244,49097,5801,49099,49102],{"id":49098},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49100,49101],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,49104,29466,49105,49107,49108,49110,49111,40343],{},[15,49106,48512],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49109,3536],{}," first, then use ",[15,49112,3529],{},[244,49114,5785,49116,13344],{"id":49115},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49117,49118],{},"int(True)",[20,49120,5791,49121,28718,49123,42570,49125,110],{},[15,49122,917],{},[15,49124,4326],{},[15,49126,436],{},[244,49128,49130],{"id":49129},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49132,49133],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[33,49135,2526],{"id":2525},[174,49137,49138,49144,49150,49156,49161,49165,49171],{},[177,49139,49140],{},[210,49141,49142,4159],{"href":3533},[15,49143,3536],{},[177,49145,49146],{},[210,49147,49148,4159],{"href":42590},[15,49149,48101],{},[177,49151,49152],{},[210,49153,49154,4159],{"href":6425},[15,49155,4460],{},[177,49157,49158],{},[210,49159,49160],{"href":3613},"How to convert string to int in Python",[177,49162,49163],{},[210,49164,9703],{"href":9625},[177,49166,49167],{},[210,49168,49169,4159],{"href":8865},[15,49170,3609],{},[177,49172,49173],{},[210,49174,30753,49175],{"href":46333},[15,49176,46334],{},[2563,49178,49179],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":49181},[49182,49183,49185,49189,49194,49196,49198,49203,49207,49209,49218,49227],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":47046,"depth":98,"text":49184},"What int() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":49186},[49187,49188],{"id":47237,"depth":135,"text":47240},{"id":47337,"depth":135,"text":47340},{"id":47473,"depth":98,"text":49190,"children":49191},"Using int() with strings",[49192,49193],{"id":47595,"depth":135,"text":47596},{"id":47683,"depth":135,"text":47684},{"id":47958,"depth":98,"text":49195},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48104,"depth":98,"text":49197},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48224,"depth":98,"text":48225,"children":49199},[49200,49201,49202],{"id":48235,"depth":135,"text":48236},{"id":48304,"depth":135,"text":48305},{"id":48345,"depth":135,"text":48346},{"id":48403,"depth":98,"text":48404,"children":49204},[49205,49206],{"id":41928,"depth":135,"text":41118},{"id":41994,"depth":135,"text":3655},{"id":48747,"depth":98,"text":49208},"When to use int()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":49210},[49211,49212,49213,49215,49216],{"id":48851,"depth":135,"text":48852},{"id":48903,"depth":135,"text":48904},{"id":48921,"depth":135,"text":49214},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48994,"depth":135,"text":48995},{"id":49037,"depth":135,"text":49217},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":49219},[49220,49222,49224,49226],{"id":49087,"depth":135,"text":49221},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49098,"depth":135,"text":49223},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49115,"depth":135,"text":49225},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49129,"depth":135,"text":49130},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42511,"description":49228},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49235,"title":49236,"body":49237,"description":51073,"extension":2611,"meta":51074,"navigation":357,"path":45219,"seo":51075,"stem":51076,"__hash__":51077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49238,"toc":51029},[49239,49244,49249,49257,49266,49268,49327,49333,49338,49343,49346,49374,49377,49380,49391,49401,49403,49405,49425,49429,49457,49459,49498,49500,49508,49510,49513,49517,49570,49572,49584,49588,49645,49647,49659,49665,49671,49675,49678,49681,49747,49749,49761,49767,49769,49821,49824,49865,49868,49875,49884,49890,49893,49926,49932,49935,49966,49972,49975,49987,49991,49996,50000,50158,50160,50175,50178,50182,50286,50288,50305,50309,50370,50372,50380,50383,50387,50454,50456,50465,50471,50473,50482,50484,50519,50524,50526,50556,50560,50562,50599,50602,50604,50641,50647,50649,50699,50701,50709,50719,50725,50729,50734,50783,50785,50798,50801,50803,50806,50881,50884,50903,50906,50936,50946,50948,50953,50960,50966,50972,50979,50987,50993,50996,50998,51026],[10,49240,4226,49242,4230],{"id":49241},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49243,45222],{},[20,49245,49246,49248],{},[15,49247,45222],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49250,49251,49252,3530,49254,49256],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49253,4255],{},[15,49255,4326],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49258,49259,49260,49262,49263,49265],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49261,45222],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49264,2952],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[33,49267,4260],{"id":4259},[38,49269,49271],{"className":40,"code":49270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49272,49273,49281,49285,49306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49274,49275,49277,49279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49276,3098],{"class":53},[47,49278,58],{"class":57},[47,49280,3239],{"class":349},[47,49282,49283],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49284,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,49286,49287,49289,49291,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302,49304],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,49288,139],{"class":138},[47,49290,117],{"class":61},[47,49292,49293],{"class":138},"isinstance",[47,49295,117],{"class":61},[47,49297,259],{"class":113},[47,49299,75],{"class":61},[47,49301,45693],{"class":106},[47,49303,6006],{"class":61},[47,49305,44271],{"class":152},[47,49307,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318,49320,49323,49325],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,49309,139],{"class":138},[47,49311,117],{"class":61},[47,49313,49293],{"class":138},[47,49315,117],{"class":61},[47,49317,259],{"class":113},[47,49319,75],{"class":61},[47,49321,49322],{"class":106}," str",[47,49324,6006],{"class":61},[47,49326,44288],{"class":152},[20,49328,156,49329,49332],{},[15,49330,49331],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[33,49334,164,49336,167],{"id":49335},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49337,45222],{},[20,49339,49340,49342],{},[15,49341,45222],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49344,49345],{},"It:",[174,49347,49348,49351,49357,49360],{},[177,49349,49350],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[177,49352,12057,49353,3530,49355],{},[15,49354,4255],{},[15,49356,4326],{},[177,49358,49359],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[177,49361,49362,49363,2838,49365,2838,49367,2838,49369,17681,49372],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49364,4093],{},[15,49366,2837],{},[15,49368,1892],{},[15,49370,49371],{},"tuple",[15,49373,198],{},[20,49375,49376],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49378,49379],{},"For example, you might want to:",[174,49381,49382,49385,49388],{},[177,49383,49384],{},"loop through a list",[177,49386,49387],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[177,49389,49390],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49392,49393,49394,3530,49397,110],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[210,49395,45214],{"href":49396},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[210,49398,49400],{"href":49399},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[33,49402,2806],{"id":2805},[20,49404,2809],{},[38,49406,49408],{"className":40,"code":49407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49409,49410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49411,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49413,49293],{"class":138},[47,49415,117],{"class":61},[47,49417,42814],{"class":106},[47,49419,75],{"class":61},[47,49421,49422],{"class":113}," classinfo",[47,49424,132],{"class":61},[244,49426,49428],{"id":49427},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[174,49430,49431,49436,49450],{},[177,49432,49433,49435],{},[15,49434,42814],{}," is the value you want to test",[177,49437,49438,49441,49442,2838,49444,2838,49446,2842,49448],{},[15,49439,49440],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49443,2837],{},[15,49445,4093],{},[15,49447,1892],{},[15,49449,198],{},[177,49451,49452,49453,3530,49455],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49454,4255],{},[15,49456,4326],{},[20,49458,603],{},[38,49460,49462],{"className":40,"code":49461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49463,49464,49476,49480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49465,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49467,8523],{"class":53},[47,49469,58],{"class":57},[47,49471,78],{"class":65},[47,49473,12141],{"class":69},[47,49475,689],{"class":65},[47,49477,49478],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49479,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,49481,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,49483,139],{"class":138},[47,49485,117],{"class":61},[47,49487,49293],{"class":138},[47,49489,117],{"class":61},[47,49491,70],{"class":113},[47,49493,75],{"class":61},[47,49495,49322],{"class":106},[47,49497,2266],{"class":61},[20,49499,372],{},[38,49501,49502],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49503,49504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49505,49506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49507,4620],{"class":559},[33,49509,12109],{"id":12108},[20,49511,49512],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[244,49514,49516],{"id":49515},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[38,49518,49520],{"className":40,"code":49519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49521,49522,49530,49534,49552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49523,49524,49526,49528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49525,3098],{"class":53},[47,49527,58],{"class":57},[47,49529,45642],{"class":349},[47,49531,49532],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49533,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,49535,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,49537,139],{"class":138},[47,49539,117],{"class":61},[47,49541,49293],{"class":138},[47,49543,117],{"class":61},[47,49545,259],{"class":113},[47,49547,75],{"class":61},[47,49549,45693],{"class":106},[47,49551,2266],{"class":61},[47,49553,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,49555,139],{"class":138},[47,49557,117],{"class":61},[47,49559,49293],{"class":138},[47,49561,117],{"class":61},[47,49563,259],{"class":113},[47,49565,75],{"class":61},[47,49567,49322],{"class":106},[47,49569,2266],{"class":61},[20,49571,372],{},[38,49573,49574],{"className":40,"code":44590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49575,49576,49580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49577,49578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49579,4620],{"class":559},[47,49581,49582],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49583,4681],{"class":559},[244,49585,49587],{"id":49586},"check-text","Check text",[38,49589,49591],{"className":40,"code":49590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49592,49593,49605,49609,49627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49594,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49596,35096],{"class":53},[47,49598,58],{"class":57},[47,49600,78],{"class":65},[47,49602,4492],{"class":69},[47,49604,689],{"class":65},[47,49606,49607],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49608,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,49610,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,49612,139],{"class":138},[47,49614,117],{"class":61},[47,49616,49293],{"class":138},[47,49618,117],{"class":61},[47,49620,35117],{"class":113},[47,49622,75],{"class":61},[47,49624,49322],{"class":106},[47,49626,2266],{"class":61},[47,49628,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637,49639,49641,49643],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,49630,139],{"class":138},[47,49632,117],{"class":61},[47,49634,49293],{"class":138},[47,49636,117],{"class":61},[47,49638,35117],{"class":113},[47,49640,75],{"class":61},[47,49642,45693],{"class":106},[47,49644,2266],{"class":61},[20,49646,372],{},[38,49648,49649],{"className":40,"code":44590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49650,49651,49655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49652,49653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49654,4620],{"class":559},[47,49656,49657],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49658,4681],{"class":559},[20,49660,49661,49662,49664],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49663,45222],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49666,49667,49668,110],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[210,49669,49670],{"href":3613},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,49672,49674],{"id":49673},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49676,49677],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49679,49680],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[38,49682,49684],{"className":40,"code":49683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49685,49686,49695,49699,49723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49687,49688,49690,49692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49689,3098],{"class":53},[47,49691,58],{"class":57},[47,49693,49694],{"class":349}," 3.5\n",[47,49696,49697],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49698,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,49702,139],{"class":138},[47,49704,117],{"class":61},[47,49706,49293],{"class":138},[47,49708,117],{"class":61},[47,49710,259],{"class":113},[47,49712,75],{"class":61},[47,49714,9878],{"class":61},[47,49716,2837],{"class":106},[47,49718,75],{"class":61},[47,49720,40669],{"class":106},[47,49722,2425],{"class":61},[47,49724,49725,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,49726,139],{"class":138},[47,49728,117],{"class":61},[47,49730,49293],{"class":138},[47,49732,117],{"class":61},[47,49734,259],{"class":113},[47,49736,75],{"class":61},[47,49738,9878],{"class":61},[47,49740,4093],{"class":106},[47,49742,75],{"class":61},[47,49744,22962],{"class":106},[47,49746,2425],{"class":61},[20,49748,372],{},[38,49750,49751],{"className":40,"code":44590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49752,49753,49757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49754,49755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49756,4620],{"class":559},[47,49758,49759],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49760,4681],{"class":559},[20,49762,49763,49764,49766],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49765,41251],{}," conditions.",[20,49768,8944],{},[38,49770,49772],{"className":40,"code":49771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49773,49774,49782,49786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49775,49776,49778,49780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49777,3098],{"class":53},[47,49779,58],{"class":57},[47,49781,49694],{"class":349},[47,49783,49784],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49785,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,49787,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,49789,139],{"class":138},[47,49791,117],{"class":61},[47,49793,2392],{"class":106},[47,49795,117],{"class":61},[47,49797,259],{"class":113},[47,49799,4313],{"class":61},[47,49801,7053],{"class":57},[47,49803,45693],{"class":106},[47,49805,48653],{"class":1107},[47,49807,49808],{"class":106}," type",[47,49810,117],{"class":61},[47,49812,259],{"class":113},[47,49814,4313],{"class":61},[47,49816,7053],{"class":57},[47,49818,40669],{"class":106},[47,49820,132],{"class":61},[20,49822,49823],{},"you can write this:",[38,49825,49827],{"className":40,"code":49826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49828,49829,49837,49841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49830,49831,49833,49835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49832,3098],{"class":53},[47,49834,58],{"class":57},[47,49836,49694],{"class":349},[47,49838,49839],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49840,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,49842,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,49844,139],{"class":138},[47,49846,117],{"class":61},[47,49848,49293],{"class":138},[47,49850,117],{"class":61},[47,49852,259],{"class":113},[47,49854,75],{"class":61},[47,49856,9878],{"class":61},[47,49858,2837],{"class":106},[47,49860,75],{"class":61},[47,49862,40669],{"class":106},[47,49864,2425],{"class":61},[20,49866,49867],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[33,49869,49871,11222,49873],{"id":49870},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49872,45222],{},[15,49874,2952],{},[20,49876,11227,49877,5036,49879,49883],{},[15,49878,45222],{},[210,49880,49881],{"href":2949},[15,49882,2952],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[244,49885,49887],{"id":49886},"typevalue-int",[15,49888,49889],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49891,49892],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[38,49894,49896],{"className":40,"code":49895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49897,49898,49906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49899,49900,49902,49904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49901,3098],{"class":53},[47,49903,58],{"class":57},[47,49905,3239],{"class":349},[47,49907,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49909,139],{"class":138},[47,49911,117],{"class":61},[47,49913,2392],{"class":106},[47,49915,117],{"class":61},[47,49917,259],{"class":113},[47,49919,4313],{"class":61},[47,49921,7053],{"class":57},[47,49923,45693],{"class":106},[47,49925,132],{"class":61},[244,49927,49929],{"id":49928},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49930,49931],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49933,49934],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[38,49936,49938],{"className":40,"code":49937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49939,49940,49948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49941,49942,49944,49946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49943,3098],{"class":53},[47,49945,58],{"class":57},[47,49947,3239],{"class":349},[47,49949,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,49951,139],{"class":138},[47,49953,117],{"class":61},[47,49955,49293],{"class":138},[47,49957,117],{"class":61},[47,49959,259],{"class":113},[47,49961,75],{"class":61},[47,49963,45693],{"class":106},[47,49965,2266],{"class":61},[20,49967,49968,49969,49971],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49970,45222],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49973,49974],{},"In everyday code:",[174,49976,49977,49982],{},[177,49978,40404,49979,49981],{},[15,49980,2952],{}," when you need the exact type",[177,49983,40404,49984,49986],{},[15,49985,45222],{}," when you want a practical type check",[33,49988,49990],{"id":49989},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49992,49993,49994,110],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49995,45222],{},[244,49997,49999],{"id":49998},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[38,50001,50003],{"className":40,"code":50002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50004,50005,50023,50042,50054,50059,50077,50088,50092,50104,50108,50132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50006,50007,50009,50012,50014,50016,50018,50021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50008,35260],{"class":2714},[47,50010,50011],{"class":35263}," repeat_text",[47,50013,117],{"class":61},[47,50015,35117],{"class":38075},[47,50017,75],{"class":61},[47,50019,50020],{"class":38075}," count",[47,50022,8988],{"class":61},[47,50024,50025,50027,50029,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50026,7043],{"class":1107},[47,50028,8745],{"class":57},[47,50030,50031],{"class":138}," isinstance",[47,50033,117],{"class":61},[47,50035,35117],{"class":113},[47,50037,75],{"class":61},[47,50039,49322],{"class":106},[47,50041,8988],{"class":61},[47,50043,50044,50047,50049,50052],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,50045,50046],{"class":1107},"        return",[47,50048,78],{"class":65},[47,50050,50051],{"class":69},"text must be a string",[47,50053,689],{"class":65},[47,50055,50056],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,50057,50058],{"class":53},"    \n",[47,50060,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,50062,7043],{"class":1107},[47,50064,8745],{"class":57},[47,50066,50031],{"class":138},[47,50068,117],{"class":61},[47,50070,41674],{"class":113},[47,50072,75],{"class":61},[47,50074,45693],{"class":106},[47,50076,8988],{"class":61},[47,50078,50079,50081,50083,50086],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,50080,50046],{"class":1107},[47,50082,78],{"class":65},[47,50084,50085],{"class":69},"count must be an integer",[47,50087,689],{"class":65},[47,50089,50090],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,50091,50058],{"class":53},[47,50093,50094,50096,50099,50101],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,50095,35271],{"class":1107},[47,50097,50098],{"class":53}," text ",[47,50100,40286],{"class":57},[47,50102,50103],{"class":53}," count\n",[47,50105,50106],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,50107,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,50109,50110,50112,50114,50117,50119,50121,50124,50126,50128,50130],{"class":49,"line":7080},[47,50111,139],{"class":138},[47,50113,117],{"class":61},[47,50115,50116],{"class":113},"repeat_text",[47,50118,117],{"class":61},[47,50120,66],{"class":65},[47,50122,50123],{"class":69},"Hi ",[47,50125,66],{"class":65},[47,50127,75],{"class":61},[47,50129,2414],{"class":349},[47,50131,2266],{"class":61},[47,50133,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154,50156],{"class":49,"line":12226},[47,50135,139],{"class":138},[47,50137,117],{"class":61},[47,50139,50116],{"class":113},[47,50141,117],{"class":61},[47,50143,66],{"class":65},[47,50145,50123],{"class":69},[47,50147,66],{"class":65},[47,50149,75],{"class":61},[47,50151,78],{"class":65},[47,50153,2711],{"class":69},[47,50155,66],{"class":65},[47,50157,2266],{"class":61},[20,50159,372],{},[38,50161,50163],{"className":40,"code":50162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50164,50165,50170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50166,50167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50168,50169],{"class":53},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[47,50171,50172],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50173,50174],{"class":53},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50176,50177],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[244,50179,50181],{"id":50180},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[38,50183,50185],{"className":40,"code":50184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50186,50187,50219,50223,50239,50254,50271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50188,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50190,3098],{"class":53},[47,50192,58],{"class":57},[47,50194,62],{"class":61},[47,50196,66],{"class":65},[47,50198,210],{"class":69},[47,50200,66],{"class":65},[47,50202,75],{"class":61},[47,50204,78],{"class":65},[47,50206,854],{"class":69},[47,50208,66],{"class":65},[47,50210,75],{"class":61},[47,50212,78],{"class":65},[47,50214,863],{"class":69},[47,50216,66],{"class":65},[47,50218,95],{"class":61},[47,50220,50221],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50222,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,50224,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,50226,7642],{"class":1107},[47,50228,50031],{"class":138},[47,50230,117],{"class":61},[47,50232,259],{"class":113},[47,50234,75],{"class":61},[47,50236,49322],{"class":106},[47,50238,8988],{"class":61},[47,50240,50241,50243,50245,50247,50250,50252],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,50242,8715],{"class":138},[47,50244,117],{"class":61},[47,50246,66],{"class":65},[47,50248,50249],{"class":69},"This is text",[47,50251,66],{"class":65},[47,50253,132],{"class":61},[47,50255,50256,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,50257,50258],{"class":1107},"elif",[47,50260,50031],{"class":138},[47,50262,117],{"class":61},[47,50264,259],{"class":113},[47,50266,75],{"class":61},[47,50268,22962],{"class":106},[47,50270,8988],{"class":61},[47,50272,50273,50275,50277,50279,50282,50284],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,50274,8715],{"class":138},[47,50276,117],{"class":61},[47,50278,66],{"class":65},[47,50280,50281],{"class":69},"This is a list",[47,50283,66],{"class":65},[47,50285,132],{"class":61},[20,50287,372],{},[38,50289,50291],{"className":40,"code":50290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a list\n",[15,50292,50293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50294,50295,50298,50300,50302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50296,50297],{"class":53},"This ",[47,50299,12822],{"class":57},[47,50301,44961],{"class":53},[47,50303,50304],{"class":106},"list\n",[244,50306,50308],{"id":50307},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[38,50310,50312],{"className":40,"code":50311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50313,50314,50326,50330,50346,50360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50315,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50317,3098],{"class":53},[47,50319,58],{"class":57},[47,50321,78],{"class":65},[47,50323,46943],{"class":69},[47,50325,689],{"class":65},[47,50327,50328],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50329,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,50331,50332,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,50333,7642],{"class":1107},[47,50335,50031],{"class":138},[47,50337,117],{"class":61},[47,50339,259],{"class":113},[47,50341,75],{"class":61},[47,50343,49322],{"class":106},[47,50345,8988],{"class":61},[47,50347,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,50349,42305],{"class":53},[47,50351,58],{"class":57},[47,50353,45693],{"class":106},[47,50355,117],{"class":61},[47,50357,259],{"class":113},[47,50359,132],{"class":61},[47,50361,50362,50364,50366,50368],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,50363,8715],{"class":138},[47,50365,117],{"class":61},[47,50367,2889],{"class":113},[47,50369,132],{"class":61},[20,50371,372],{},[38,50373,50374],{"className":40,"code":47029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50375,50376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50377,50378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50379,47029],{"class":349},[20,50381,50382],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[244,50384,50386],{"id":50385},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[38,50388,50390],{"className":40,"code":50389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50391,50392,50416,50420,50436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50393,50394,50396,50398,50400,50402,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50395,3098],{"class":53},[47,50397,58],{"class":57},[47,50399,1096],{"class":61},[47,50401,66],{"class":65},[47,50403,70],{"class":69},[47,50405,66],{"class":65},[47,50407,172],{"class":61},[47,50409,78],{"class":65},[47,50411,13508],{"class":69},[47,50413,66],{"class":65},[47,50415,421],{"class":61},[47,50417,50418],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50419,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,50421,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,50423,7642],{"class":1107},[47,50425,50031],{"class":138},[47,50427,117],{"class":61},[47,50429,259],{"class":113},[47,50431,75],{"class":61},[47,50433,107],{"class":106},[47,50435,8988],{"class":61},[47,50437,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50450,50452],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,50439,8715],{"class":138},[47,50441,117],{"class":61},[47,50443,259],{"class":113},[47,50445,669],{"class":61},[47,50447,66],{"class":65},[47,50449,70],{"class":69},[47,50451,66],{"class":65},[47,50453,2166],{"class":61},[20,50455,372],{},[38,50457,50459],{"className":40,"code":50458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n",[15,50460,50461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50462,50463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50464,50458],{"class":53},[20,50466,50467,50468,50470],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50469,3655],{}," messages later.",[33,50472,5162],{"id":5161},[244,50474,50476,50477,11728,50480],{"id":50475},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50478,50479],{},"\"int\"",[15,50481,2837],{},[20,50483,17253],{},[38,50485,50487],{"className":40,"code":50486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50488,50489,50497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50490,50491,50493,50495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50492,3098],{"class":53},[47,50494,58],{"class":57},[47,50496,3239],{"class":349},[47,50498,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515,50517],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50500,139],{"class":138},[47,50502,117],{"class":61},[47,50504,49293],{"class":138},[47,50506,117],{"class":61},[47,50508,259],{"class":113},[47,50510,75],{"class":61},[47,50512,78],{"class":65},[47,50514,2837],{"class":69},[47,50516,66],{"class":65},[47,50518,2266],{"class":61},[20,50520,50521,50523],{},[15,50522,50479],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50525,17265],{},[38,50527,50528],{"className":40,"code":49937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50529,50530,50538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50531,50532,50534,50536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50533,3098],{"class":53},[47,50535,58],{"class":57},[47,50537,3239],{"class":349},[47,50539,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50541,139],{"class":138},[47,50543,117],{"class":61},[47,50545,49293],{"class":138},[47,50547,117],{"class":61},[47,50549,259],{"class":113},[47,50551,75],{"class":61},[47,50553,45693],{"class":106},[47,50555,2266],{"class":61},[244,50557,50559],{"id":50558},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50561,17253],{},[38,50563,50565],{"className":40,"code":50564,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50566,50567,50575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50568,50569,50571,50573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50570,3098],{"class":53},[47,50572,58],{"class":57},[47,50574,35251],{"class":349},[47,50576,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591,50593,50595,50597],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50578,139],{"class":138},[47,50580,117],{"class":61},[47,50582,49293],{"class":138},[47,50584,117],{"class":61},[47,50586,259],{"class":113},[47,50588,75],{"class":61},[47,50590,62],{"class":61},[47,50592,2837],{"class":106},[47,50594,75],{"class":61},[47,50596,40669],{"class":106},[47,50598,3649],{"class":61},[20,50600,50601],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50603,17265],{},[38,50605,50607],{"className":40,"code":50606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50608,50609,50617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50610,50611,50613,50615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50612,3098],{"class":53},[47,50614,58],{"class":57},[47,50616,35251],{"class":349},[47,50618,50619,50621,50623,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50620,139],{"class":138},[47,50622,117],{"class":61},[47,50624,49293],{"class":138},[47,50626,117],{"class":61},[47,50628,259],{"class":113},[47,50630,75],{"class":61},[47,50632,9878],{"class":61},[47,50634,2837],{"class":106},[47,50636,75],{"class":61},[47,50638,40669],{"class":106},[47,50640,2425],{"class":61},[244,50642,26178,50644,50646],{"id":50643},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50645,45222],{}," converts a value",[20,50648,1839],{},[38,50650,50652],{"className":40,"code":50651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50653,50654,50667,50685,50689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50655,50656,50658,50660,50662,50665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50657,3098],{"class":53},[47,50659,58],{"class":57},[47,50661,78],{"class":65},[47,50663,50664],{"class":69},"123",[47,50666,689],{"class":65},[47,50668,50669,50671,50673,50675,50677,50679,50681,50683],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50670,2879],{"class":53},[47,50672,58],{"class":57},[47,50674,50031],{"class":138},[47,50676,117],{"class":61},[47,50678,259],{"class":113},[47,50680,75],{"class":61},[47,50682,45693],{"class":106},[47,50684,132],{"class":61},[47,50686,50687],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,50688,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,50690,50691,50693,50695,50697],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,50692,139],{"class":138},[47,50694,117],{"class":61},[47,50696,2914],{"class":113},[47,50698,132],{"class":61},[20,50700,372],{},[38,50702,50703],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50704,50705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50706,50707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50708,4681],{"class":559},[20,50710,50711,50712,50715,50716,50718],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50713,50714],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50717,50664],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50720,50721,50722,7275],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50723,50724],{},"int(value)",[244,50726,50728],{"id":50727},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50730,50731,50733],{},[15,50732,45222],{}," does not modify anything.",[38,50735,50737],{"className":40,"code":50736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50738,50739,50751,50755,50773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50740,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50742,3098],{"class":53},[47,50744,58],{"class":57},[47,50746,78],{"class":65},[47,50748,14176],{"class":69},[47,50750,689],{"class":65},[47,50752,50753],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50754,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,50756,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,50758,139],{"class":138},[47,50760,117],{"class":61},[47,50762,49293],{"class":138},[47,50764,117],{"class":61},[47,50766,259],{"class":113},[47,50768,75],{"class":61},[47,50770,49322],{"class":106},[47,50772,2266],{"class":61},[47,50774,50775,50777,50779,50781],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,50776,139],{"class":138},[47,50778,117],{"class":61},[47,50780,259],{"class":113},[47,50782,132],{"class":61},[20,50784,372],{},[38,50786,50788],{"className":40,"code":50787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n100\n",[15,50789,50790,50794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50791,50792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50793,4620],{"class":559},[47,50795,50796],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50797,47680],{"class":349},[20,50799,50800],{},"The value stays the same.",[33,50802,26346],{"id":26345},[20,50804,50805],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[38,50807,50809],{"className":40,"code":50808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50810,50811,50825,50843,50867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50812,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50814,139],{"class":138},[47,50816,117],{"class":61},[47,50818,2392],{"class":106},[47,50820,117],{"class":61},[47,50822,259],{"class":113},[47,50824,2266],{"class":61},[47,50826,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,50828,139],{"class":138},[47,50830,117],{"class":61},[47,50832,49293],{"class":138},[47,50834,117],{"class":61},[47,50836,259],{"class":113},[47,50838,75],{"class":61},[47,50840,45693],{"class":106},[47,50842,2266],{"class":61},[47,50844,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,50846,139],{"class":138},[47,50848,117],{"class":61},[47,50850,49293],{"class":138},[47,50852,117],{"class":61},[47,50854,259],{"class":113},[47,50856,75],{"class":61},[47,50858,9878],{"class":61},[47,50860,2837],{"class":106},[47,50862,75],{"class":61},[47,50864,40669],{"class":106},[47,50866,2425],{"class":61},[47,50868,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,50870,139],{"class":138},[47,50872,117],{"class":61},[47,50874,42194],{"class":138},[47,50876,117],{"class":61},[47,50878,259],{"class":113},[47,50880,2266],{"class":61},[20,50882,50883],{},"These can help when:",[174,50885,50886,50889,50894,50897],{},[177,50887,50888],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[177,50890,50891,50892],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50893,3655],{},[177,50895,50896],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[177,50898,50899,50900,50902],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50901,45222],{}," is invalid",[20,50904,50905],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[174,50907,50908,50922,50928,50933],{},[177,50909,50910,50911,3530,50914,50917,50918,3530,50920],{},"using ",[15,50912,50913],{},"'int'",[15,50915,50916],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50919,2837],{},[15,50921,4093],{},[177,50923,50924,50925,50927],{},"expecting ",[15,50926,45222],{}," to convert a value",[177,50929,50910,50930,50932],{},[15,50931,2952],{}," when inherited types should also match",[177,50934,50935],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50937,50938,50939,110],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[210,50940,50942,50943],{"href":50941},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50944,50945],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[33,50947,2429],{"id":2428},[244,50949,5785,50951,5788],{"id":50950},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50952,45222],{},[20,50954,5791,50955,50957,50958,110],{},[15,50956,4255],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50959,4326],{},[244,50961,5813,50963,50965],{"id":50962},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50964,45222],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50967,50968,50969,110],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50970,50971],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[244,50973,5823,50975,5036,50977,3143],{"id":50974},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50976,45222],{},[15,50978,2952],{},[20,50980,50981,50983,50984,50986],{},[15,50982,2952],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50985,45222],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[244,50988,2433,50990,50992],{"id":50989},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50991,45222],{}," convert a value?",[20,50994,50995],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[33,50997,2526],{"id":2525},[174,50999,51000,51006,51010,51015,51020],{},[177,51001,51002],{},[210,51003,4226,51004,4159],{"href":2949},[15,51005,2952],{},[177,51007,51008],{},[210,51009,45214],{"href":49396},[177,51011,51012],{},[210,51013,51014],{"href":3613},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[177,51016,51017],{},[210,51018,51019],{"href":49399},"What is a data type in Python?",[177,51021,51022],{},[210,51023,50942,51024],{"href":50941},[15,51025,50945],{},[2563,51027,51028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":51030},[51031,51032,51034,51037,51041,51042,51047,51053,51061,51062,51072],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":49335,"depth":98,"text":51033},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":51035},[51036],{"id":49427,"depth":135,"text":49428},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109,"children":51038},[51039,51040],{"id":49515,"depth":135,"text":49516},{"id":49586,"depth":135,"text":49587},{"id":49673,"depth":98,"text":49674},{"id":49870,"depth":98,"text":51043,"children":51044},"isinstance() vs type()",[51045,51046],{"id":49886,"depth":135,"text":49889},{"id":49928,"depth":135,"text":49931},{"id":49989,"depth":98,"text":49990,"children":51048},[51049,51050,51051,51052],{"id":49998,"depth":135,"text":49999},{"id":50180,"depth":135,"text":50181},{"id":50307,"depth":135,"text":50308},{"id":50385,"depth":135,"text":50386},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":51054},[51055,51057,51058,51060],{"id":50475,"depth":135,"text":51056},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50558,"depth":135,"text":50559},{"id":50643,"depth":135,"text":51059},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50727,"depth":135,"text":50728},{"id":26345,"depth":98,"text":26346},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":51063},[51064,51066,51068,51070],{"id":50950,"depth":135,"text":51065},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50962,"depth":135,"text":51067},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50974,"depth":135,"text":51069},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50989,"depth":135,"text":51071},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49236,"description":51073},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51079,"title":51080,"body":51081,"description":53054,"extension":2611,"meta":53055,"navigation":357,"path":53056,"seo":53057,"stem":53058,"__hash__":53059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51082,"toc":53029},[51083,51086,51091,51096,51110,51113,51115,51190,51195,51199,51204,51207,51221,51223,51389,51402,51404,51406,51421,51424,51427,51440,51442,51540,51544,51550,51553,51562,51564,51599,51604,51625,51630,51635,51667,51670,51727,51731,51737,51740,51793,51795,51835,51838,51906,51909,51960,51967,51971,51977,52062,52068,52074,52123,52126,52129,52179,52181,52186,52190,52240,52244,52291,52295,52372,52376,52441,52444,52448,52453,52458,52470,52472,52491,52497,52500,52519,52524,52551,52558,52562,52568,52571,52666,52669,52672,52721,52726,52728,52732,52767,52770,52827,52837,52840,52874,52877,52879,52883,52886,52890,52893,52897,52900,52904,52917,52921,52926,52928,52978,52990,52992,53026],[10,51084,51080],{"id":51085},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51087,9768,51088,51090],{},[15,51089,42776],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51092,35815,51093,51095],{},[15,51094,42776],{}," to count:",[174,51097,51098,51101,51104,51107],{},[177,51099,51100],{},"characters in a string",[177,51102,51103],{},"items in a list or tuple",[177,51105,51106],{},"keys in a dictionary",[177,51108,51109],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51111,51112],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[33,51114,36],{"id":35},[38,51116,51118],{"className":40,"code":51117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51119,51120,51132,51152,51156,51173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51121,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51123,35096],{"class":53},[47,51125,58],{"class":57},[47,51127,78],{"class":65},[47,51129,4492],{"class":69},[47,51131,689],{"class":65},[47,51133,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51135,8425],{"class":53},[47,51137,58],{"class":57},[47,51139,62],{"class":61},[47,51141,2981],{"class":349},[47,51143,75],{"class":61},[47,51145,8436],{"class":349},[47,51147,75],{"class":61},[47,51149,8441],{"class":349},[47,51151,95],{"class":61},[47,51153,51154],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,51155,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,51157,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,51159,139],{"class":138},[47,51161,117],{"class":61},[47,51163,11798],{"class":138},[47,51165,117],{"class":61},[47,51167,35117],{"class":113},[47,51169,6006],{"class":61},[47,51171,51172],{"class":152},"   # 5\n",[47,51174,51175,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,51176,139],{"class":138},[47,51178,117],{"class":61},[47,51180,11798],{"class":138},[47,51182,117],{"class":61},[47,51184,8456],{"class":113},[47,51186,6006],{"class":61},[47,51188,51189],{"class":152},"  # 3\n",[20,51191,156,51192,51194],{},[15,51193,42776],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[33,51196,51198],{"id":51197},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51200,51201,51203],{},[15,51202,42776],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51205,51206],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[174,51208,51209,51212,51215,51218],{},[177,51210,51211],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[177,51213,51214],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[177,51216,51217],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[177,51219,51220],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51222,603],{},[38,51224,51226],{"className":40,"code":51225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51227,51228,51240,51265,51297,51317,51321,51338,51355,51372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51229,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51231,8523],{"class":53},[47,51233,58],{"class":57},[47,51235,78],{"class":65},[47,51237,8322],{"class":69},[47,51239,689],{"class":65},[47,51241,51242,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51263],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51243,4270],{"class":53},[47,51245,58],{"class":57},[47,51247,62],{"class":61},[47,51249,2981],{"class":349},[47,51251,75],{"class":61},[47,51253,8436],{"class":349},[47,51255,75],{"class":61},[47,51257,8441],{"class":349},[47,51259,75],{"class":61},[47,51261,51262],{"class":349}," 40",[47,51264,95],{"class":61},[47,51266,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,51268,872],{"class":53},[47,51270,58],{"class":57},[47,51272,1096],{"class":61},[47,51274,66],{"class":65},[47,51276,210],{"class":69},[47,51278,66],{"class":65},[47,51280,172],{"class":61},[47,51282,2002],{"class":349},[47,51284,75],{"class":61},[47,51286,78],{"class":65},[47,51288,854],{"class":69},[47,51290,66],{"class":65},[47,51292,172],{"class":61},[47,51294,2409],{"class":349},[47,51296,421],{"class":61},[47,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,51300,4470],{"class":53},[47,51302,58],{"class":57},[47,51304,1096],{"class":61},[47,51306,2784],{"class":349},[47,51308,75],{"class":61},[47,51310,38056],{"class":349},[47,51312,75],{"class":61},[47,51314,6637],{"class":349},[47,51316,421],{"class":61},[47,51318,51319],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,51320,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,51322,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,51324,139],{"class":138},[47,51326,117],{"class":61},[47,51328,11798],{"class":138},[47,51330,117],{"class":61},[47,51332,70],{"class":113},[47,51334,6006],{"class":61},[47,51336,51337],{"class":152},"     # 3\n",[47,51339,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,51341,139],{"class":138},[47,51343,117],{"class":61},[47,51345,11798],{"class":138},[47,51347,117],{"class":61},[47,51349,4300],{"class":113},[47,51351,6006],{"class":61},[47,51353,51354],{"class":152},"  # 4\n",[47,51356,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,51358,139],{"class":138},[47,51360,117],{"class":61},[47,51362,11798],{"class":138},[47,51364,117],{"class":61},[47,51366,898],{"class":113},[47,51368,6006],{"class":61},[47,51370,51371],{"class":152},"     # 2\n",[47,51373,51374,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384,51386],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,51375,139],{"class":138},[47,51377,117],{"class":61},[47,51379,11798],{"class":138},[47,51381,117],{"class":61},[47,51383,6003],{"class":113},[47,51385,6006],{"class":61},[47,51387,51388],{"class":152},"   # 3\n",[20,51390,51391,51392,2838,51396,17681,51400,110],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[210,51393,51395],{"href":51394},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[210,51397,51399],{"href":51398},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[210,51401,213],{"href":9800},[33,51403,2806],{"id":2805},[20,51405,2809],{},[38,51407,51409],{"className":40,"code":51408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(object)\n",[15,51410,51411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51412,51413,51415,51417,51419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51414,11798],{"class":138},[47,51416,117],{"class":61},[47,51418,42814],{"class":106},[47,51420,132],{"class":61},[20,51422,51423],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51425,51426],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[174,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437],{},[177,51430,38320],{},[177,51432,38314],{},[177,51434,38317],{},[177,51436,38323],{},[177,51438,51439],{},"a dictionary",[20,51441,603],{},[38,51443,51445],{"className":40,"code":51444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51446,51447,51468,51492,51514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51448,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51450,139],{"class":138},[47,51452,117],{"class":61},[47,51454,11798],{"class":138},[47,51456,117],{"class":61},[47,51458,66],{"class":65},[47,51460,42],{"class":69},[47,51462,66],{"class":65},[47,51464,6006],{"class":61},[47,51466,51467],{"class":152},"      # 6\n",[47,51469,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488,51490],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51471,139],{"class":138},[47,51473,117],{"class":61},[47,51475,11798],{"class":138},[47,51477,1258],{"class":61},[47,51479,917],{"class":349},[47,51481,75],{"class":61},[47,51483,2409],{"class":349},[47,51485,75],{"class":61},[47,51487,2414],{"class":349},[47,51489,5379],{"class":61},[47,51491,51337],{"class":152},[47,51493,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51511],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,51495,139],{"class":138},[47,51497,117],{"class":61},[47,51499,11798],{"class":138},[47,51501,6155],{"class":61},[47,51503,2981],{"class":349},[47,51505,75],{"class":61},[47,51507,8436],{"class":349},[47,51509,51510],{"class":61},")))",[47,51512,51513],{"class":152},"      # 2\n",[47,51515,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524,51526,51528,51530,51532,51534,51537],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,51517,139],{"class":138},[47,51519,117],{"class":61},[47,51521,11798],{"class":138},[47,51523,6174],{"class":61},[47,51525,66],{"class":65},[47,51527,1995],{"class":69},[47,51529,66],{"class":65},[47,51531,172],{"class":61},[47,51533,2002],{"class":349},[47,51535,51536],{"class":61},"}))",[47,51538,51539],{"class":152},"      # 1\n",[33,51541,51543],{"id":51542},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51545,51546,51547,51549],{},"When you use ",[15,51548,42776],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51551,51552],{},"That includes:",[174,51554,51555,51557,51559],{},[177,51556,36554],{},[177,51558,11089],{},[177,51560,51561],{},"punctuation",[20,51563,603],{},[38,51565,51567],{"className":40,"code":51566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51568,51569,51582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51570,51571,51573,51575,51577,51580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51572,35096],{"class":53},[47,51574,58],{"class":57},[47,51576,78],{"class":65},[47,51578,51579],{"class":69},"Hi there!",[47,51581,689],{"class":65},[47,51583,51584,51586,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51585,139],{"class":138},[47,51587,117],{"class":61},[47,51589,11798],{"class":138},[47,51591,117],{"class":61},[47,51593,35117],{"class":113},[47,51595,6006],{"class":61},[47,51597,51598],{"class":152},"  # 9\n",[20,51600,51601,51602,3143],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51603,2792],{},[174,51605,51606,51612,51616,51619],{},[177,51607,51608,51611],{},[15,51609,51610],{},"H"," = 1",[177,51613,51614,51611],{},[15,51615,36565],{},[177,51617,51618],{},"space = 1",[177,51620,51621,51624],{},[15,51622,51623],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51626,51627,51628],{},"Total: ",[15,51629,2792],{},[20,51631,51632,51633,172],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51634,436],{},[38,51636,51638],{"className":40,"code":51637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51639,51640,51649],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51641,51642,51645,51647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51643,51644],{"class":53},"empty_text ",[47,51646,58],{"class":57},[47,51648,8528],{"class":65},[47,51650,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51662,51664],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51652,139],{"class":138},[47,51654,117],{"class":61},[47,51656,11798],{"class":138},[47,51658,117],{"class":61},[47,51660,51661],{"class":113},"empty_text",[47,51663,6006],{"class":61},[47,51665,51666],{"class":152},"  # 0\n",[20,51668,51669],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[38,51671,51673],{"className":40,"code":51672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51674,51675,51688,51692,51712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51676,51677,51680,51682,51684,51686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51678,51679],{"class":53},"user_name ",[47,51681,58],{"class":57},[47,51683,78],{"class":65},[47,51685,5647],{"class":69},[47,51687,689],{"class":65},[47,51689,51690],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51691,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,51693,51694,51696,51698,51700,51703,51705,51708,51710],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,51695,7642],{"class":1107},[47,51697,38799],{"class":138},[47,51699,117],{"class":61},[47,51701,51702],{"class":113},"user_name",[47,51704,4313],{"class":61},[47,51706,51707],{"class":57}," >=",[47,51709,2414],{"class":349},[47,51711,7038],{"class":61},[47,51713,51714,51716,51718,51720,51723,51725],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,51715,8715],{"class":138},[47,51717,117],{"class":61},[47,51719,66],{"class":65},[47,51721,51722],{"class":69},"Name is long enough",[47,51724,66],{"class":65},[47,51726,132],{"class":61},[33,51728,51730],{"id":51729},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51732,51733,51734,51736],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51735,42776],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51738,51739],{},"Example with a list:",[38,51741,51743],{"className":40,"code":51742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51744,51745,51777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51746,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51748,332],{"class":53},[47,51750,58],{"class":57},[47,51752,62],{"class":61},[47,51754,66],{"class":65},[47,51756,305],{"class":69},[47,51758,66],{"class":65},[47,51760,75],{"class":61},[47,51762,78],{"class":65},[47,51764,314],{"class":69},[47,51766,66],{"class":65},[47,51768,75],{"class":61},[47,51770,78],{"class":65},[47,51772,323],{"class":69},[47,51774,66],{"class":65},[47,51776,95],{"class":61},[47,51778,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51780,139],{"class":138},[47,51782,117],{"class":61},[47,51784,11798],{"class":138},[47,51786,117],{"class":61},[47,51788,367],{"class":113},[47,51790,6006],{"class":61},[47,51792,51189],{"class":152},[20,51794,38329],{},[38,51796,51798],{"className":40,"code":51797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51799,51800,51817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51801,51802,51805,51807,51809,51811,51813,51815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51803,51804],{"class":53},"point ",[47,51806,58],{"class":57},[47,51808,9878],{"class":61},[47,51810,2981],{"class":349},[47,51812,75],{"class":61},[47,51814,8436],{"class":349},[47,51816,132],{"class":61},[47,51818,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51830,51832],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51820,139],{"class":138},[47,51822,117],{"class":61},[47,51824,11798],{"class":138},[47,51826,117],{"class":61},[47,51828,51829],{"class":113},"point",[47,51831,6006],{"class":61},[47,51833,51834],{"class":152},"  # 2\n",[20,51836,51837],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[38,51839,51841],{"className":40,"code":51840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51842,51843,51867,51871,51889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51844,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51846,8425],{"class":53},[47,51848,58],{"class":57},[47,51850,62],{"class":61},[47,51852,66],{"class":65},[47,51854,4720],{"class":69},[47,51856,66],{"class":65},[47,51858,75],{"class":61},[47,51860,78],{"class":65},[47,51862,4729],{"class":69},[47,51864,66],{"class":65},[47,51866,95],{"class":61},[47,51868,51869],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51870,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,51872,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885,51887],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,51874,7642],{"class":1107},[47,51876,38799],{"class":138},[47,51878,117],{"class":61},[47,51880,8456],{"class":113},[47,51882,4313],{"class":61},[47,51884,38809],{"class":57},[47,51886,2002],{"class":349},[47,51888,7038],{"class":61},[47,51890,51891,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,51892,8715],{"class":138},[47,51894,117],{"class":61},[47,51896,8456],{"class":113},[47,51898,669],{"class":61},[47,51900,917],{"class":349},[47,51902,20847],{"class":61},[47,51904,51905],{"class":152},"  # banana\n",[20,51907,51908],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[38,51910,51912],{"className":40,"code":51911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51913,51914,51937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51915,51916,51918,51920,51922,51925,51927,51930,51932,51935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51917,1311],{"class":53},[47,51919,58],{"class":57},[47,51921,62],{"class":61},[47,51923,51924],{"class":349},"88",[47,51926,75],{"class":61},[47,51928,51929],{"class":349}," 91",[47,51931,75],{"class":61},[47,51933,51934],{"class":349}," 75",[47,51936,95],{"class":61},[47,51938,51939,51941,51943,51945,51948,51950,51952,51954,51956,51958],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51940,139],{"class":138},[47,51942,117],{"class":61},[47,51944,66],{"class":65},[47,51946,51947],{"class":69},"Number of scores:",[47,51949,66],{"class":65},[47,51951,75],{"class":61},[47,51953,38799],{"class":138},[47,51955,117],{"class":61},[47,51957,1361],{"class":113},[47,51959,2266],{"class":61},[20,51961,51962,51963,110],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[210,51964,51966],{"href":51965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[33,51968,51970],{"id":51969},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51972,51973,51974,51976],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51975,42776],{}," counts keys.",[38,51978,51980],{"className":40,"code":51979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51981,51982,51990,52008,52022,52038,52042,52046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51983,51984,51986,51988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51985,13491],{"class":53},[47,51987,58],{"class":57},[47,51989,1475],{"class":61},[47,51991,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,51993,1480],{"class":65},[47,51995,70],{"class":69},[47,51997,66],{"class":65},[47,51999,172],{"class":61},[47,52001,78],{"class":65},[47,52003,8568],{"class":69},[47,52005,66],{"class":65},[47,52007,1491],{"class":61},[47,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,52011,1480],{"class":65},[47,52013,81],{"class":69},[47,52015,66],{"class":65},[47,52017,172],{"class":61},[47,52019,31349],{"class":349},[47,52021,1491],{"class":61},[47,52023,52024,52026,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,52025,1480],{"class":65},[47,52027,20292],{"class":69},[47,52029,66],{"class":65},[47,52031,172],{"class":61},[47,52033,78],{"class":65},[47,52035,22647],{"class":69},[47,52037,689],{"class":65},[47,52039,52040],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,52041,421],{"class":61},[47,52043,52044],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,52045,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,52047,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058,52060],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,52049,139],{"class":138},[47,52051,117],{"class":61},[47,52053,11798],{"class":138},[47,52055,117],{"class":61},[47,52057,14244],{"class":113},[47,52059,6006],{"class":61},[47,52061,51189],{"class":152},[20,52063,52064,52065,52067],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52066,42776],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52069,52070,52071,52073],{},"For sets, ",[15,52072,42776],{}," counts unique items:",[38,52075,52077],{"className":40,"code":52076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52078,52079,52107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52080,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091,52093,52095,52097,52099,52101,52103,52105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52082,4270],{"class":53},[47,52084,58],{"class":57},[47,52086,1096],{"class":61},[47,52088,917],{"class":349},[47,52090,75],{"class":61},[47,52092,2409],{"class":349},[47,52094,75],{"class":61},[47,52096,2414],{"class":349},[47,52098,75],{"class":61},[47,52100,2414],{"class":349},[47,52102,75],{"class":61},[47,52104,2409],{"class":349},[47,52106,421],{"class":61},[47,52108,52109,52111,52113,52115,52117,52119,52121],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52110,139],{"class":138},[47,52112,117],{"class":61},[47,52114,11798],{"class":138},[47,52116,117],{"class":61},[47,52118,4300],{"class":113},[47,52120,6006],{"class":61},[47,52122,51189],{"class":152},[20,52124,52125],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52127,52128],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[38,52130,52132],{"className":40,"code":52131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52133,52134,52142,52146,52164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52135,52136,52138,52140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52137,872],{"class":53},[47,52139,58],{"class":57},[47,52141,10476],{"class":61},[47,52143,52144],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52145,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,52147,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,52149,7642],{"class":1107},[47,52151,38799],{"class":138},[47,52153,117],{"class":61},[47,52155,898],{"class":113},[47,52157,4313],{"class":61},[47,52159,7053],{"class":57},[47,52161,350],{"class":349},[47,52163,7038],{"class":61},[47,52165,52166,52168,52170,52172,52175,52177],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,52167,8715],{"class":138},[47,52169,117],{"class":61},[47,52171,66],{"class":65},[47,52173,52174],{"class":69},"The dictionary is empty",[47,52176,66],{"class":65},[47,52178,132],{"class":61},[33,52180,41460],{"id":41459},[20,52182,52183,52184,110],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52185,42776],{},[244,52187,52189],{"id":52188},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[38,52191,52193],{"className":40,"code":52192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52194,52195,52203,52207,52225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52196,52197,52199,52201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52198,8425],{"class":53},[47,52200,58],{"class":57},[47,52202,8485],{"class":61},[47,52204,52205],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52206,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,52208,52209,52211,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,52210,7642],{"class":1107},[47,52212,38799],{"class":138},[47,52214,117],{"class":61},[47,52216,8456],{"class":113},[47,52218,4313],{"class":61},[47,52220,7053],{"class":57},[47,52222,350],{"class":349},[47,52224,7038],{"class":61},[47,52226,52227,52229,52231,52233,52236,52238],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,52228,8715],{"class":138},[47,52230,117],{"class":61},[47,52232,66],{"class":65},[47,52234,52235],{"class":69},"The list is empty",[47,52237,66],{"class":65},[47,52239,132],{"class":61},[244,52241,52243],{"id":52242},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[38,52245,52247],{"className":40,"code":52246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52248,52249,52268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52250,52251,52253,52255,52257,52259,52261,52264,52266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52252,6798],{"class":53},[47,52254,58],{"class":57},[47,52256,8888],{"class":138},[47,52258,117],{"class":61},[47,52260,66],{"class":65},[47,52262,52263],{"class":69},"Enter a word: ",[47,52265,66],{"class":65},[47,52267,132],{"class":61},[47,52269,52270,52272,52274,52276,52279,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52271,139],{"class":138},[47,52273,117],{"class":61},[47,52275,66],{"class":65},[47,52277,52278],{"class":69},"Number of characters:",[47,52280,66],{"class":65},[47,52282,75],{"class":61},[47,52284,38799],{"class":138},[47,52286,117],{"class":61},[47,52288,38804],{"class":113},[47,52290,2266],{"class":61},[244,52292,52294],{"id":52293},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[38,52296,52298],{"className":40,"code":52297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52299,52300,52314,52318,52336,52351,52357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52301,52302,52305,52307,52309,52312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52303,52304],{"class":53},"password ",[47,52306,58],{"class":57},[47,52308,78],{"class":65},[47,52310,52311],{"class":69},"secret123",[47,52313,689],{"class":65},[47,52315,52316],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52317,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,52319,52320,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,52321,7642],{"class":1107},[47,52323,38799],{"class":138},[47,52325,117],{"class":61},[47,52327,498],{"class":113},[47,52329,4313],{"class":61},[47,52331,51707],{"class":57},[47,52333,7004],{"class":349},[47,52335,7038],{"class":61},[47,52337,52338,52340,52342,52344,52347,52349],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,52339,8715],{"class":138},[47,52341,117],{"class":61},[47,52343,66],{"class":65},[47,52345,52346],{"class":69},"Password length is valid",[47,52348,66],{"class":65},[47,52350,132],{"class":61},[47,52352,52353,52355],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,52354,27838],{"class":1107},[47,52356,7038],{"class":61},[47,52358,52359,52361,52363,52365,52368,52370],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,52360,8715],{"class":138},[47,52362,117],{"class":61},[47,52364,66],{"class":65},[47,52366,52367],{"class":69},"Password is too short",[47,52369,66],{"class":65},[47,52371,132],{"class":61},[244,52373,52375],{"id":52374},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[38,52377,52379],{"className":40,"code":52378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52380,52381,52417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52382,52383,52386,52388,52390,52392,52395,52397,52399,52401,52404,52406,52408,52410,52413,52415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52384,52385],{"class":53},"results ",[47,52387,58],{"class":57},[47,52389,62],{"class":61},[47,52391,66],{"class":65},[47,52393,52394],{"class":69},"item1",[47,52396,66],{"class":65},[47,52398,75],{"class":61},[47,52400,78],{"class":65},[47,52402,52403],{"class":69},"item2",[47,52405,66],{"class":65},[47,52407,75],{"class":61},[47,52409,78],{"class":65},[47,52411,52412],{"class":69},"item3",[47,52414,66],{"class":65},[47,52416,95],{"class":61},[47,52418,52419,52421,52423,52425,52428,52430,52432,52434,52436,52439],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52420,139],{"class":138},[47,52422,117],{"class":61},[47,52424,66],{"class":65},[47,52426,52427],{"class":69},"Items found:",[47,52429,66],{"class":65},[47,52431,75],{"class":61},[47,52433,38799],{"class":138},[47,52435,117],{"class":61},[47,52437,52438],{"class":113},"results",[47,52440,2266],{"class":61},[20,52442,52443],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[33,52445,52447],{"id":52446},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52449,52450,52452],{},[15,52451,42776],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52454,52455,52456,172],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52457,3655],{},[174,52459,52460,52463,52466],{},[177,52461,52462],{},"plain integers",[177,52464,52465],{},"floats",[177,52467,52468],{},[15,52469,269],{},[20,52471,603],{},[38,52473,52475],{"className":40,"code":52474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52476,52477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52478,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52480,139],{"class":138},[47,52482,117],{"class":61},[47,52484,11798],{"class":138},[47,52486,117],{"class":61},[47,52488,2784],{"class":349},[47,52490,2266],{"class":61},[20,52492,52493,52494,52496],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52495,2784],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52498,52499],{},"Another example:",[38,52501,52503],{"className":40,"code":52502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52504,52505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52506,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52508,139],{"class":138},[47,52510,117],{"class":61},[47,52512,11798],{"class":138},[47,52514,117],{"class":61},[47,52516,40557],{"class":349},[47,52518,2266],{"class":61},[20,52520,52521,52522,172],{},"And with ",[15,52523,269],{},[38,52525,52527],{"className":40,"code":52526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52528,52529,52537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52530,52531,52533,52535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52532,3098],{"class":53},[47,52534,58],{"class":57},[47,52536,48945],{"class":559},[47,52538,52539,52541,52543,52545,52547,52549],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52540,139],{"class":138},[47,52542,117],{"class":61},[47,52544,11798],{"class":138},[47,52546,117],{"class":61},[47,52548,259],{"class":113},[47,52550,2266],{"class":61},[20,52552,52553,52554,110],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[210,52555,52557],{"href":52556},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[33,52559,52561],{"id":52560},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52563,52564,52565,52567],{},"Before using ",[15,52566,42776],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52569,52570],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[38,52572,52574],{"className":40,"code":52573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52575,52576,52584,52588,52598,52612,52630,52648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52577,52578,52580,52582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52579,3098],{"class":53},[47,52581,58],{"class":57},[47,52583,48945],{"class":559},[47,52585,52586],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52587,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,52589,52590,52592,52594,52596],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,52591,139],{"class":138},[47,52593,117],{"class":61},[47,52595,259],{"class":113},[47,52597,132],{"class":61},[47,52599,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608,52610],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,52601,139],{"class":138},[47,52603,117],{"class":61},[47,52605,2392],{"class":106},[47,52607,117],{"class":61},[47,52609,259],{"class":113},[47,52611,2266],{"class":61},[47,52613,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,52615,139],{"class":138},[47,52617,117],{"class":61},[47,52619,49293],{"class":138},[47,52621,117],{"class":61},[47,52623,259],{"class":113},[47,52625,75],{"class":61},[47,52627,49322],{"class":106},[47,52629,2266],{"class":61},[47,52631,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644,52646],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,52633,139],{"class":138},[47,52635,117],{"class":61},[47,52637,49293],{"class":138},[47,52639,117],{"class":61},[47,52641,259],{"class":113},[47,52643,75],{"class":61},[47,52645,22962],{"class":106},[47,52647,2266],{"class":61},[47,52649,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,52651,139],{"class":138},[47,52653,117],{"class":61},[47,52655,49293],{"class":138},[47,52657,117],{"class":61},[47,52659,259],{"class":113},[47,52661,75],{"class":61},[47,52663,107],{"class":106},[47,52665,2266],{"class":61},[20,52667,52668],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52670,52671],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[38,52673,52675],{"className":40,"code":52674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52676,52677,52689,52693,52707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52678,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52680,3098],{"class":53},[47,52682,58],{"class":57},[47,52684,78],{"class":65},[47,52686,4492],{"class":69},[47,52688,689],{"class":65},[47,52690,52691],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52692,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,52694,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703,52705],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,52696,7642],{"class":1107},[47,52698,21986],{"class":53},[47,52700,12822],{"class":57},[47,52702,8745],{"class":57},[47,52704,560],{"class":559},[47,52706,7038],{"class":61},[47,52708,52709,52711,52713,52715,52717,52719],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,52710,8715],{"class":138},[47,52712,117],{"class":61},[47,52714,11798],{"class":138},[47,52716,117],{"class":61},[47,52718,259],{"class":113},[47,52720,2266],{"class":61},[20,52722,52723,52724,110],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[210,52725,9087],{"href":2949},[33,52727,1641],{"id":1640},[20,52729,23497,52730,172],{},[15,52731,42776],{},[174,52733,52734,52742,52750,52758,52764],{},[177,52735,453,52736,52738,52739],{},[15,52737,42776],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52740,52741],{},"len(5)",[177,52743,453,52744,52746,52747],{},[15,52745,42776],{}," on a float like ",[15,52748,52749],{},"len(3.14)",[177,52751,453,52752,52754,52755,52757],{},[15,52753,42776],{}," on ",[15,52756,269],{}," after a function returns nothing",[177,52759,5223,52760,52763],{},[15,52761,52762],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[177,52765,52766],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52768,52769],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[38,52771,52773],{"className":40,"code":52772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52774,52775,52811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52776,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52778,101],{"class":53},[47,52780,58],{"class":57},[47,52782,1096],{"class":61},[47,52784,66],{"class":65},[47,52786,70],{"class":69},[47,52788,66],{"class":65},[47,52790,172],{"class":61},[47,52792,78],{"class":65},[47,52794,13508],{"class":69},[47,52796,66],{"class":65},[47,52798,75],{"class":61},[47,52800,78],{"class":65},[47,52802,81],{"class":69},[47,52804,66],{"class":65},[47,52806,172],{"class":61},[47,52808,8436],{"class":349},[47,52810,421],{"class":61},[47,52812,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821,52823,52825],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52814,139],{"class":138},[47,52816,117],{"class":61},[47,52818,11798],{"class":138},[47,52820,117],{"class":61},[47,52822,144],{"class":113},[47,52824,6006],{"class":61},[47,52826,51834],{"class":152},[20,52828,38007,52829,52831,52832,5036,52834,110],{},[15,52830,2705],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52833,15850],{},[15,52835,52836],{},"\"age\"",[20,52838,52839],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[38,52841,52843],{"className":40,"code":52842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52844,52845,52858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52846,52847,52849,52851,52853,52856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52848,35096],{"class":53},[47,52850,58],{"class":57},[47,52852,78],{"class":65},[47,52854,52855],{"class":69},"a b",[47,52857,689],{"class":65},[47,52859,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52861,139],{"class":138},[47,52863,117],{"class":61},[47,52865,11798],{"class":138},[47,52867,117],{"class":61},[47,52869,35117],{"class":113},[47,52871,6006],{"class":61},[47,52873,51189],{"class":152},[20,52875,52876],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[33,52878,2429],{"id":2428},[244,52880,52882],{"id":52881},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52884,52885],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[244,52887,52889],{"id":52888},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52891,52892],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[244,52894,52896],{"id":52895},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52898,52899],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[244,52901,52903],{"id":52902},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52905,52906,52907,52909,52910,3530,52912,52914,52915,110],{},"No. Using ",[15,52908,42776],{}," on an ",[15,52911,2837],{},[15,52913,2841],{}," raises a ",[15,52916,3655],{},[244,52918,52920],{"id":52919},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52922,8408,52923,110],{},[15,52924,52925],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52927,603],{},[38,52929,52931],{"className":40,"code":52930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52932,52933,52941,52945,52963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52934,52935,52937,52939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52936,8954],{"class":53},[47,52938,58],{"class":57},[47,52940,8485],{"class":61},[47,52942,52943],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,52944,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,52946,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,52948,7642],{"class":1107},[47,52950,38799],{"class":138},[47,52952,117],{"class":61},[47,52954,8985],{"class":113},[47,52956,4313],{"class":61},[47,52958,7053],{"class":57},[47,52960,350],{"class":349},[47,52962,7038],{"class":61},[47,52964,52965,52967,52969,52971,52974,52976],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,52966,8715],{"class":138},[47,52968,117],{"class":61},[47,52970,66],{"class":65},[47,52972,52973],{"class":69},"Empty list",[47,52975,66],{"class":65},[47,52977,132],{"class":61},[20,52979,52980,52981,52983,52984,52986,52987,52989],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52982,4326],{}," in an ",[15,52985,7642],{}," statement, but ",[15,52988,42776],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[33,52991,2526],{"id":2525},[174,52993,52994,52998,53002,53006,53011,53015,53021],{},[177,52995,52996],{},[210,52997,51395],{"href":51394},[177,52999,53000],{},[210,53001,51399],{"href":51398},[177,53003,53004],{},[210,53005,213],{"href":9800},[177,53007,53008],{},[210,53009,53010],{"href":51965},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[177,53012,53013],{},[210,53014,9087],{"href":2949},[177,53016,53017],{},[210,53018,53020],{"href":53019},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[177,53022,53023],{},[210,53024,53025],{"href":52556},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2563,53027,53028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":53030},[53031,53032,53033,53034,53035,53036,53037,53043,53044,53045,53046,53053],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":51197,"depth":98,"text":51198},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":51542,"depth":98,"text":51543},{"id":51729,"depth":98,"text":51730},{"id":51969,"depth":98,"text":51970},{"id":41459,"depth":98,"text":41460,"children":53038},[53039,53040,53041,53042],{"id":52188,"depth":135,"text":52189},{"id":52242,"depth":135,"text":52243},{"id":52293,"depth":135,"text":52294},{"id":52374,"depth":135,"text":52375},{"id":52446,"depth":98,"text":52447},{"id":52560,"depth":98,"text":52561},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":53047},[53048,53049,53050,53051,53052],{"id":52881,"depth":135,"text":52882},{"id":52888,"depth":135,"text":52889},{"id":52895,"depth":135,"text":52896},{"id":52902,"depth":135,"text":52903},{"id":52919,"depth":135,"text":52920},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51080,"description":53054},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53061,"title":53062,"body":53063,"description":54748,"extension":2611,"meta":54749,"navigation":357,"path":54750,"seo":54751,"stem":54752,"__hash__":54753},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53064,"toc":54721},[53065,53068,53082,53088,53090,53144,53149,53153,53169,53172,53186,53192,53194,53197,53216,53232,53234,53310,53312,53349,53360,53362,53365,53426,53428,53461,53464,53470,53474,53477,53602,53604,53663,53671,53724,53726,53753,53759,53769,53773,53776,53781,53833,53835,53861,53867,53921,53923,53948,53951,53975,53981,53983,53987,53989,54046,54048,54056,54058,54080,54082,54135,54137,54161,54165,54167,54206,54208,54216,54222,54226,54278,54280,54306,54314,54318,54323,54332,54334,54400,54402,54434,54438,54443,54445,54459,54462,54535,54537,54563,54565,54569,54576,54580,54587,54591,54594,54596,54649,54651,54677,54681,54690,54692,54718],[10,53066,53062],{"id":53067},"python-list-append-method",[20,53069,2628,53070,53073,53074,53077,53078,53081],{},[15,53071,53072],{},"append()"," method adds ",[278,53075,53076],{},"one item"," to the ",[278,53079,53080],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53083,53084,53085,53087],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[278,53086,1369],{}," create a new list.",[33,53089,4260],{"id":4259},[38,53091,53093],{"className":40,"code":53092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53094,53095,53115,53129,53139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53096,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111,53113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53098,4270],{"class":53},[47,53100,58],{"class":57},[47,53102,62],{"class":61},[47,53104,917],{"class":349},[47,53106,75],{"class":61},[47,53108,2409],{"class":349},[47,53110,75],{"class":61},[47,53112,2414],{"class":349},[47,53114,95],{"class":61},[47,53116,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53118,4300],{"class":53},[47,53120,110],{"class":61},[47,53122,912],{"class":113},[47,53124,117],{"class":61},[47,53126,3156],{"class":349},[47,53128,132],{"class":61},[47,53130,53131,53133,53135,53137],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,53132,139],{"class":138},[47,53134,117],{"class":61},[47,53136,4300],{"class":113},[47,53138,132],{"class":61},[47,53140,53141],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,53142,53143],{"class":152},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53145,156,53146,53148],{},[15,53147,53072],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[33,53150,53152],{"id":53151},"what-append-does","What append() does",[174,53154,53155,53160,53163,53166],{},[177,53156,53157,53159],{},[15,53158,53072],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[177,53161,53162],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[177,53164,53165],{},"It does not create a new list",[177,53167,53168],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53170,53171],{},"This means you can append:",[174,53173,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184],{},[177,53175,4300],{},[177,53177,5953],{},[177,53179,41008],{},[177,53181,5944],{},[177,53183,7896],{},[177,53185,35070],{},[20,53187,53188,53189,110],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[210,53190,53191],{"href":51398},"Python lists explained for beginners",[33,53193,6076],{"id":6075},[20,53195,53196],{},"Basic form:",[38,53198,53200],{"className":40,"code":53199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53201,53202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53203,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53205,8985],{"class":53},[47,53207,110],{"class":61},[47,53209,912],{"class":113},[47,53211,117],{"class":61},[47,53213,23713],{"class":113},[47,53215,132],{"class":61},[174,53217,53218,53223,53228],{},[177,53219,53220,53222],{},[15,53221,8985],{}," is the list you want to change",[177,53224,53225,53227],{},[15,53226,23713],{}," is the value or object to add",[177,53229,12541,53230],{},[15,53231,269],{},[20,53233,603],{},[38,53235,53237],{"className":40,"code":53236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53238,53239,53263,53286,53290,53300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53240,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53242,36650],{"class":53},[47,53244,58],{"class":57},[47,53246,62],{"class":61},[47,53248,66],{"class":65},[47,53250,4720],{"class":69},[47,53252,66],{"class":65},[47,53254,75],{"class":61},[47,53256,78],{"class":65},[47,53258,4729],{"class":69},[47,53260,66],{"class":65},[47,53262,95],{"class":61},[47,53264,53265,53267,53269,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53266,2879],{"class":53},[47,53268,58],{"class":57},[47,53270,53271],{"class":53}," fruits",[47,53273,110],{"class":61},[47,53275,912],{"class":113},[47,53277,117],{"class":61},[47,53279,66],{"class":65},[47,53281,33628],{"class":69},[47,53283,66],{"class":65},[47,53285,132],{"class":61},[47,53287,53288],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,53289,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,53291,53292,53294,53296,53298],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,53293,139],{"class":138},[47,53295,117],{"class":61},[47,53297,36702],{"class":113},[47,53299,132],{"class":61},[47,53301,53302,53304,53306,53308],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,53303,139],{"class":138},[47,53305,117],{"class":61},[47,53307,2914],{"class":113},[47,53309,132],{"class":61},[20,53311,372],{},[38,53313,53315],{"className":40,"code":53314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53316,53317,53345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53318,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53320,669],{"class":61},[47,53322,385],{"class":65},[47,53324,4720],{"class":69},[47,53326,385],{"class":65},[47,53328,75],{"class":61},[47,53330,398],{"class":65},[47,53332,4729],{"class":69},[47,53334,385],{"class":65},[47,53336,75],{"class":61},[47,53338,398],{"class":65},[47,53340,33628],{"class":69},[47,53342,385],{"class":65},[47,53344,95],{"class":61},[47,53346,53347],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53348,12438],{"class":559},[20,53350,53351,53352,53354,53355,53357,53358,110],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53353,53072],{}," updates ",[15,53356,36702],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53359,269],{},[33,53361,12109],{"id":12108},[20,53363,53364],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[38,53366,53368],{"className":40,"code":53367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53369,53370,53394,53412,53416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53371,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53373,332],{"class":53},[47,53375,58],{"class":57},[47,53377,62],{"class":61},[47,53379,66],{"class":65},[47,53381,305],{"class":69},[47,53383,66],{"class":65},[47,53385,75],{"class":61},[47,53387,78],{"class":65},[47,53389,323],{"class":69},[47,53391,66],{"class":65},[47,53393,95],{"class":61},[47,53395,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53397,367],{"class":53},[47,53399,110],{"class":61},[47,53401,912],{"class":113},[47,53403,117],{"class":61},[47,53405,66],{"class":65},[47,53407,314],{"class":69},[47,53409,66],{"class":65},[47,53411,132],{"class":61},[47,53413,53414],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,53415,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,53417,53418,53420,53422,53424],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,53419,139],{"class":138},[47,53421,117],{"class":61},[47,53423,367],{"class":113},[47,53425,132],{"class":61},[20,53427,372],{},[38,53429,53431],{"className":40,"code":53430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53432,53433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53434,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53436,669],{"class":61},[47,53438,385],{"class":65},[47,53440,305],{"class":69},[47,53442,385],{"class":65},[47,53444,75],{"class":61},[47,53446,398],{"class":65},[47,53448,323],{"class":69},[47,53450,385],{"class":65},[47,53452,75],{"class":61},[47,53454,398],{"class":65},[47,53456,314],{"class":69},[47,53458,385],{"class":65},[47,53460,95],{"class":61},[20,53462,53463],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53465,31489,53466,110],{},[210,53467,53469],{"href":53468},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53471,53473],{"id":53472},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53475,53476],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[38,53478,53480],{"className":40,"code":53479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53481,53482,53490,53494,53508,53526,53540,53566,53588,53592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53483,53484,53486,53488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53485,8425],{"class":53},[47,53487,58],{"class":57},[47,53489,8485],{"class":61},[47,53491,53492],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53493,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,53495,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,53497,8456],{"class":53},[47,53499,110],{"class":61},[47,53501,912],{"class":113},[47,53503,117],{"class":61},[47,53505,2981],{"class":349},[47,53507,132],{"class":61},[47,53509,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,53511,8456],{"class":53},[47,53513,110],{"class":61},[47,53515,912],{"class":113},[47,53517,117],{"class":61},[47,53519,66],{"class":65},[47,53521,4492],{"class":69},[47,53523,66],{"class":65},[47,53525,132],{"class":61},[47,53527,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,53529,8456],{"class":53},[47,53531,110],{"class":61},[47,53533,912],{"class":113},[47,53535,117],{"class":61},[47,53537,4255],{"class":559},[47,53539,132],{"class":61},[47,53541,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,53543,8456],{"class":53},[47,53545,110],{"class":61},[47,53547,912],{"class":113},[47,53549,6174],{"class":61},[47,53551,66],{"class":65},[47,53553,70],{"class":69},[47,53555,66],{"class":65},[47,53557,172],{"class":61},[47,53559,78],{"class":65},[47,53561,8322],{"class":69},[47,53563,66],{"class":65},[47,53565,30902],{"class":61},[47,53567,53568,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,53569,8456],{"class":53},[47,53571,110],{"class":61},[47,53573,912],{"class":113},[47,53575,1258],{"class":61},[47,53577,917],{"class":349},[47,53579,75],{"class":61},[47,53581,2409],{"class":349},[47,53583,75],{"class":61},[47,53585,2414],{"class":349},[47,53587,2166],{"class":61},[47,53589,53590],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,53591,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,53593,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,53595,139],{"class":138},[47,53597,117],{"class":61},[47,53599,8456],{"class":113},[47,53601,132],{"class":61},[20,53603,372],{},[38,53605,53607],{"className":40,"code":53606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53608,53609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53610,53611,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53612,669],{"class":61},[47,53614,2981],{"class":349},[47,53616,75],{"class":61},[47,53618,398],{"class":65},[47,53620,4492],{"class":69},[47,53622,385],{"class":65},[47,53624,75],{"class":61},[47,53626,1444],{"class":559},[47,53628,75],{"class":61},[47,53630,1096],{"class":61},[47,53632,385],{"class":65},[47,53634,70],{"class":69},[47,53636,385],{"class":65},[47,53638,172],{"class":61},[47,53640,398],{"class":65},[47,53642,8322],{"class":69},[47,53644,385],{"class":65},[47,53646,53647],{"class":61},"},",[47,53649,62],{"class":61},[47,53651,917],{"class":349},[47,53653,75],{"class":61},[47,53655,2409],{"class":349},[47,53657,75],{"class":61},[47,53659,2414],{"class":349},[47,53661,53662],{"class":61},"]]\n",[20,53664,53665,53666,42570,53668,110],{},"A list added with ",[15,53667,53072],{},[278,53669,53670],{},"one single item",[38,53672,53674],{"className":40,"code":53673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53675,53676,53692,53710,53714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53677,53678,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53679,4270],{"class":53},[47,53681,58],{"class":57},[47,53683,62],{"class":61},[47,53685,917],{"class":349},[47,53687,75],{"class":61},[47,53689,2409],{"class":349},[47,53691,95],{"class":61},[47,53693,53694,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53695,4300],{"class":53},[47,53697,110],{"class":61},[47,53699,912],{"class":113},[47,53701,1258],{"class":61},[47,53703,2711],{"class":349},[47,53705,75],{"class":61},[47,53707,3108],{"class":349},[47,53709,2166],{"class":61},[47,53711,53712],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,53713,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,53715,53716,53718,53720,53722],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,53717,139],{"class":138},[47,53719,117],{"class":61},[47,53721,4300],{"class":113},[47,53723,132],{"class":61},[20,53725,372],{},[38,53727,53729],{"className":40,"code":53728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53730,53731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53732,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53734,669],{"class":61},[47,53736,917],{"class":349},[47,53738,75],{"class":61},[47,53740,2409],{"class":349},[47,53742,75],{"class":61},[47,53744,62],{"class":61},[47,53746,2711],{"class":349},[47,53748,75],{"class":61},[47,53750,3108],{"class":349},[47,53752,53662],{"class":61},[20,53754,2936,53755,53758],{},[15,53756,53757],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53760,53761,53762,53768],{},"This is different from ",[210,53763,53765],{"href":53764},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53766,53767],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[33,53770,53772],{"id":53771},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53774,53775],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[244,53777,453,53779],{"id":53778},"using-append",[15,53780,53072],{},[38,53782,53783],{"className":40,"code":53673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53784,53785,53801,53819,53823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53786,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795,53797,53799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53788,4270],{"class":53},[47,53790,58],{"class":57},[47,53792,62],{"class":61},[47,53794,917],{"class":349},[47,53796,75],{"class":61},[47,53798,2409],{"class":349},[47,53800,95],{"class":61},[47,53802,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53804,4300],{"class":53},[47,53806,110],{"class":61},[47,53808,912],{"class":113},[47,53810,1258],{"class":61},[47,53812,2711],{"class":349},[47,53814,75],{"class":61},[47,53816,3108],{"class":349},[47,53818,2166],{"class":61},[47,53820,53821],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,53822,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,53824,53825,53827,53829,53831],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,53826,139],{"class":138},[47,53828,117],{"class":61},[47,53830,4300],{"class":113},[47,53832,132],{"class":61},[20,53834,372],{},[38,53836,53837],{"className":40,"code":53728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53838,53839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53840,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53842,669],{"class":61},[47,53844,917],{"class":349},[47,53846,75],{"class":61},[47,53848,2409],{"class":349},[47,53850,75],{"class":61},[47,53852,62],{"class":61},[47,53854,2711],{"class":349},[47,53856,75],{"class":61},[47,53858,3108],{"class":349},[47,53860,53662],{"class":61},[244,53862,453,53864],{"id":53863},"using-extend",[15,53865,53866],{},"extend()",[38,53868,53870],{"className":40,"code":53869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53871,53872,53888,53907,53911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53873,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53875,4270],{"class":53},[47,53877,58],{"class":57},[47,53879,62],{"class":61},[47,53881,917],{"class":349},[47,53883,75],{"class":61},[47,53885,2409],{"class":349},[47,53887,95],{"class":61},[47,53889,53890,53892,53894,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,53891,4300],{"class":53},[47,53893,110],{"class":61},[47,53895,53896],{"class":113},"extend",[47,53898,1258],{"class":61},[47,53900,2711],{"class":349},[47,53902,75],{"class":61},[47,53904,3108],{"class":349},[47,53906,2166],{"class":61},[47,53908,53909],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,53910,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,53912,53913,53915,53917,53919],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,53914,139],{"class":138},[47,53916,117],{"class":61},[47,53918,4300],{"class":113},[47,53920,132],{"class":61},[20,53922,372],{},[38,53924,53926],{"className":40,"code":53925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53927,53928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53929,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53931,669],{"class":61},[47,53933,917],{"class":349},[47,53935,75],{"class":61},[47,53937,2409],{"class":349},[47,53939,75],{"class":61},[47,53941,2414],{"class":349},[47,53943,75],{"class":61},[47,53945,3108],{"class":349},[47,53947,95],{"class":61},[20,53949,53950],{},"The difference:",[174,53952,53953,53959,53965,53970],{},[177,53954,53955,53958],{},[15,53956,53957],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[177,53960,53961,53964],{},[15,53962,53963],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[177,53966,156,53967,53969],{},[15,53968,53072],{}," for one item",[177,53971,156,53972,53974],{},[15,53973,53866],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53976,53977,53978,110],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[210,53979,53980],{"href":53764},"Python list extend() method",[33,53982,5162],{"id":5161},[244,53984,53986],{"id":53985},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53988,26094],{},[38,53990,53992],{"className":40,"code":53991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53993,53994,54014,54032,54036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53995,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53997,8425],{"class":53},[47,53999,58],{"class":57},[47,54001,62],{"class":61},[47,54003,917],{"class":349},[47,54005,75],{"class":61},[47,54007,2409],{"class":349},[47,54009,75],{"class":61},[47,54011,2414],{"class":349},[47,54013,95],{"class":61},[47,54015,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54017,8425],{"class":53},[47,54019,58],{"class":57},[47,54021,6609],{"class":53},[47,54023,110],{"class":61},[47,54025,912],{"class":113},[47,54027,117],{"class":61},[47,54029,3156],{"class":349},[47,54031,132],{"class":61},[47,54033,54034],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54035,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54037,54038,54040,54042,54044],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,54039,139],{"class":138},[47,54041,117],{"class":61},[47,54043,8456],{"class":113},[47,54045,132],{"class":61},[20,54047,372],{},[38,54049,54050],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54051,54052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54053,54054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54055,12438],{"class":559},[20,54057,12530],{},[174,54059,54060,54065,54071],{},[177,54061,54062,54064],{},[15,54063,53072],{}," changes the list in place",[177,54066,54067,3048,54069],{},[15,54068,53072],{},[15,54070,269],{},[177,54072,54073,54074,54077,54078],{},"So ",[15,54075,54076],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54079,269],{},[20,54081,11443],{},[38,54083,54085],{"className":40,"code":54084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54086,54087,54107,54121,54125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54088,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103,54105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54090,8425],{"class":53},[47,54092,58],{"class":57},[47,54094,62],{"class":61},[47,54096,917],{"class":349},[47,54098,75],{"class":61},[47,54100,2409],{"class":349},[47,54102,75],{"class":61},[47,54104,2414],{"class":349},[47,54106,95],{"class":61},[47,54108,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54110,8456],{"class":53},[47,54112,110],{"class":61},[47,54114,912],{"class":113},[47,54116,117],{"class":61},[47,54118,3156],{"class":349},[47,54120,132],{"class":61},[47,54122,54123],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54124,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54126,54127,54129,54131,54133],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,54128,139],{"class":138},[47,54130,117],{"class":61},[47,54132,8456],{"class":113},[47,54134,132],{"class":61},[20,54136,372],{},[38,54138,54139],{"className":40,"code":53925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54140,54141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54142,54143,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153,54155,54157,54159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54144,669],{"class":61},[47,54146,917],{"class":349},[47,54148,75],{"class":61},[47,54150,2409],{"class":349},[47,54152,75],{"class":61},[47,54154,2414],{"class":349},[47,54156,75],{"class":61},[47,54158,3108],{"class":349},[47,54160,95],{"class":61},[244,54162,54164],{"id":54163},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54166,1839],{},[38,54168,54170],{"className":40,"code":54169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54171,54172,54196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54173,54174,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54175,32289],{"class":53},[47,54177,58],{"class":57},[47,54179,62],{"class":61},[47,54181,917],{"class":349},[47,54183,75],{"class":61},[47,54185,2409],{"class":349},[47,54187,909],{"class":61},[47,54189,912],{"class":113},[47,54191,117],{"class":61},[47,54193,2711],{"class":349},[47,54195,132],{"class":61},[47,54197,54198,54200,54202,54204],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54199,139],{"class":138},[47,54201,117],{"class":61},[47,54203,32308],{"class":113},[47,54205,132],{"class":61},[20,54207,372],{},[38,54209,54210],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54211,54212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54213,54214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54215,12438],{"class":559},[20,54217,54218,54219,54221],{},"Remember: ",[15,54220,53072],{}," updates the list you already have.",[244,54223,54225],{"id":54224},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[38,54227,54228],{"className":40,"code":53673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54229,54230,54246,54264,54268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54231,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54233,4270],{"class":53},[47,54235,58],{"class":57},[47,54237,62],{"class":61},[47,54239,917],{"class":349},[47,54241,75],{"class":61},[47,54243,2409],{"class":349},[47,54245,95],{"class":61},[47,54247,54248,54250,54252,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54249,4300],{"class":53},[47,54251,110],{"class":61},[47,54253,912],{"class":113},[47,54255,1258],{"class":61},[47,54257,2711],{"class":349},[47,54259,75],{"class":61},[47,54261,3108],{"class":349},[47,54263,2166],{"class":61},[47,54265,54266],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54267,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54269,54270,54272,54274,54276],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,54271,139],{"class":138},[47,54273,117],{"class":61},[47,54275,4300],{"class":113},[47,54277,132],{"class":61},[20,54279,372],{},[38,54281,54282],{"className":40,"code":53728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54283,54284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54285,54286,54288,54290,54292,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54287,669],{"class":61},[47,54289,917],{"class":349},[47,54291,75],{"class":61},[47,54293,2409],{"class":349},[47,54295,75],{"class":61},[47,54297,62],{"class":61},[47,54299,2711],{"class":349},[47,54301,75],{"class":61},[47,54303,3108],{"class":349},[47,54305,53662],{"class":61},[20,54307,3820,54308,54311,54312,7275],{},[15,54309,54310],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54313,53866],{},[244,54315,54317],{"id":54316},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54319,54320,54322],{},[15,54321,53072],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54324,54325,54326,110],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[210,54327,54329],{"href":54328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54330,54331],{},"list.insert()",[20,54333,603],{},[38,54335,54337],{"className":40,"code":54336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54338,54339,54363,54386,54390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54340,54341,54343,54345,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54342,36501],{"class":53},[47,54344,58],{"class":57},[47,54346,62],{"class":61},[47,54348,66],{"class":65},[47,54350,210],{"class":69},[47,54352,66],{"class":65},[47,54354,75],{"class":61},[47,54356,78],{"class":65},[47,54358,863],{"class":69},[47,54360,66],{"class":65},[47,54362,95],{"class":61},[47,54364,54365,54367,54369,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54366,36554],{"class":53},[47,54368,110],{"class":61},[47,54370,54371],{"class":113},"insert",[47,54373,117],{"class":61},[47,54375,917],{"class":349},[47,54377,75],{"class":61},[47,54379,78],{"class":65},[47,54381,854],{"class":69},[47,54383,66],{"class":65},[47,54385,132],{"class":61},[47,54387,54388],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54389,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54391,54392,54394,54396,54398],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,54393,139],{"class":138},[47,54395,117],{"class":61},[47,54397,36554],{"class":113},[47,54399,132],{"class":61},[20,54401,372],{},[38,54403,54404],{"className":40,"code":43291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54405,54406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54407,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54409,669],{"class":61},[47,54411,385],{"class":65},[47,54413,210],{"class":69},[47,54415,385],{"class":65},[47,54417,75],{"class":61},[47,54419,398],{"class":65},[47,54421,854],{"class":69},[47,54423,385],{"class":65},[47,54425,75],{"class":61},[47,54427,398],{"class":65},[47,54429,863],{"class":69},[47,54431,385],{"class":65},[47,54433,95],{"class":61},[33,54435,54437],{"id":54436},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54439,54440,54442],{},[15,54441,53072],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54444,36837],{},[174,54446,54447,54450,54453,54456],{},[177,54448,54449],{},"building a list in a loop",[177,54451,54452],{},"collecting user input",[177,54454,54455],{},"storing results step by step",[177,54457,54458],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54460,54461],{},"Example with a loop:",[38,54463,54465],{"className":40,"code":54464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54466,54467,54476,54480,54501,54520,54524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54468,54469,54472,54474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54470,54471],{"class":53},"squares ",[47,54473,58],{"class":57},[47,54475,8485],{"class":61},[47,54477,54478],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54479,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54481,54482,54484,54486,54488,54491,54493,54495,54497,54499],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54483,6601],{"class":1107},[47,54485,7031],{"class":53},[47,54487,1114],{"class":1107},[47,54489,54490],{"class":138}," range",[47,54492,117],{"class":61},[47,54494,917],{"class":349},[47,54496,75],{"class":61},[47,54498,5249],{"class":349},[47,54500,8988],{"class":61},[47,54502,54503,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516,54518],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,54504,54505],{"class":53},"    squares",[47,54507,110],{"class":61},[47,54509,912],{"class":113},[47,54511,117],{"class":61},[47,54513,2866],{"class":113},[47,54515,40286],{"class":57},[47,54517,2846],{"class":113},[47,54519,132],{"class":61},[47,54521,54522],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,54523,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54525,54526,54528,54530,54533],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,54527,139],{"class":138},[47,54529,117],{"class":61},[47,54531,54532],{"class":113},"squares",[47,54534,132],{"class":61},[20,54536,372],{},[38,54538,54540],{"className":40,"code":54539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54541,54542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54543,54544,54546,54548,54550,54552,54554,54557,54559,54561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54545,669],{"class":61},[47,54547,917],{"class":349},[47,54549,75],{"class":61},[47,54551,3108],{"class":349},[47,54553,75],{"class":61},[47,54555,54556],{"class":349}," 9",[47,54558,75],{"class":61},[47,54560,14603],{"class":349},[47,54562,95],{"class":61},[33,54564,2429],{"id":2428},[244,54566,54568],{"id":54567},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54570,46782,54571,54573,54574,110],{},[15,54572,53072],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54575,269],{},[244,54577,54579],{"id":54578},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54581,54582,54583,110],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[210,54584,54585],{"href":53764},[15,54586,53866],{},[244,54588,54590],{"id":54589},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54592,54593],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54595,603],{},[38,54597,54599],{"className":40,"code":54598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54600,54601,54617,54635,54639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54602,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54604,872],{"class":53},[47,54606,58],{"class":57},[47,54608,62],{"class":61},[47,54610,917],{"class":349},[47,54612,75],{"class":61},[47,54614,2409],{"class":349},[47,54616,95],{"class":61},[47,54618,54619,54621,54623,54625,54627,54629,54631,54633],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54620,898],{"class":53},[47,54622,110],{"class":61},[47,54624,912],{"class":113},[47,54626,1258],{"class":61},[47,54628,2711],{"class":349},[47,54630,75],{"class":61},[47,54632,3108],{"class":349},[47,54634,2166],{"class":61},[47,54636,54637],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54638,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54640,54641,54643,54645,54647],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,54642,139],{"class":138},[47,54644,117],{"class":61},[47,54646,898],{"class":113},[47,54648,132],{"class":61},[20,54650,372],{},[38,54652,54653],{"className":40,"code":53728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54654,54655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54656,54657,54659,54661,54663,54665,54667,54669,54671,54673,54675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54658,669],{"class":61},[47,54660,917],{"class":349},[47,54662,75],{"class":61},[47,54664,2409],{"class":349},[47,54666,75],{"class":61},[47,54668,62],{"class":61},[47,54670,2711],{"class":349},[47,54672,75],{"class":61},[47,54674,3108],{"class":349},[47,54676,53662],{"class":61},[244,54678,54680],{"id":54679},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54682,54683,54685,54686,54689],{},[15,54684,53072],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54687,54688],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[33,54691,2526],{"id":2525},[174,54693,54694,54699,54703,54708,54712],{},[177,54695,54696],{},[210,54697,54698],{"href":53468},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[177,54700,54701],{},[210,54702,53980],{"href":53764},[177,54704,54705],{},[210,54706,54707],{"href":54328},"Python list insert() method",[177,54709,54710],{},[210,54711,53191],{"href":51398},[177,54713,54714],{},[210,54715,54717],{"href":54716},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2563,54719,54720],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":54722},[54723,54724,54725,54726,54727,54728,54734,54740,54741,54747],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":53151,"depth":98,"text":53152},{"id":6075,"depth":98,"text":6076},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":53472,"depth":98,"text":53473},{"id":53771,"depth":98,"text":53772,"children":54729},[54730,54732],{"id":53778,"depth":135,"text":54731},"Using append()",{"id":53863,"depth":135,"text":54733},"Using extend()",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":54735},[54736,54737,54738,54739],{"id":53985,"depth":135,"text":53986},{"id":54163,"depth":135,"text":54164},{"id":54224,"depth":135,"text":54225},{"id":54316,"depth":135,"text":54317},{"id":54436,"depth":98,"text":54437},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":54742},[54743,54744,54745,54746],{"id":54567,"depth":135,"text":54568},{"id":54578,"depth":135,"text":54579},{"id":54589,"depth":135,"text":54590},{"id":54679,"depth":135,"text":54680},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53062,"description":54748},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54755,"title":54756,"body":54757,"description":56001,"extension":2611,"meta":56002,"navigation":357,"path":56003,"seo":56004,"stem":56005,"__hash__":56006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54758,"toc":55966},[54759,54765,54771,54777,54779,54827,54832,54837,54841,54857,54863,54865,54868,54883,54885,54896,54898,54900,54957,54959,54967,54969,54985,54991,54993,54999,55003,55087,55090,55139,55146,55154,55157,55171,55184,55190,55265,55272,55279,55353,55361,55364,55375,55384,55388,55392,55403,55405,55482,55503,55505,55515,55518,55566,55568,55589,55592,55594,55645,55651,55658,55725,55731,55737,55740,55767,55772,55778,55781,55853,55856,55867,55873,55875,55881,55884,55890,55896,55903,55911,55917,55923,55925,55963],[10,54760,54762,54763,18],{"id":54761},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54764,11955],{},[20,54766,54767,54770],{},[15,54768,54769],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54772,54773,54774,54776],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[278,54775,11967],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[33,54778,4260],{"id":4259},[38,54780,54782],{"className":40,"code":54781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54783,54784,54804,54814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54785,54786,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54787,8425],{"class":53},[47,54789,58],{"class":57},[47,54791,62],{"class":61},[47,54793,917],{"class":349},[47,54795,75],{"class":61},[47,54797,2409],{"class":349},[47,54799,75],{"class":61},[47,54801,2414],{"class":349},[47,54803,95],{"class":61},[47,54805,54806,54808,54810,54812],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54807,8456],{"class":53},[47,54809,110],{"class":61},[47,54811,12016],{"class":113},[47,54813,9288],{"class":61},[47,54815,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54817,139],{"class":138},[47,54819,117],{"class":61},[47,54821,8456],{"class":113},[47,54823,4313],{"class":61},[47,54825,54826],{"class":152},"  # []\n",[20,54828,156,54829,54831],{},[15,54830,11955],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[33,54833,164,54835,167],{"id":54834},"what-listclear-does",[15,54836,54769],{},[20,54838,54839,172],{},[15,54840,54769],{},[174,54842,54843,54846,54849,54854],{},[177,54844,54845],{},"Removes every item from a list",[177,54847,54848],{},"Changes the original list in place",[177,54850,54851,54852],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54853,805],{},[177,54855,54856],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54858,54859,54860,54862],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54861,11955],{},", but it contains no values.",[33,54864,2806],{"id":2805},[20,54866,54867],{},"Syntax:",[38,54869,54871],{"className":40,"code":54870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54872,54873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54874,54875,54877,54879,54881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54876,8985],{"class":53},[47,54878,110],{"class":61},[47,54880,12016],{"class":113},[47,54882,9288],{"class":61},[20,54884,12092],{},[174,54886,54887,54890,54893],{},[177,54888,54889],{},"Call it on a list object",[177,54891,54892],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[177,54894,54895],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[33,54897,12109],{"id":12108},[20,54899,12112],{},[38,54901,54903],{"className":40,"code":54902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54904,54905,54929,54933,54943,54947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54906,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921,54923,54925,54927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54908,4270],{"class":53},[47,54910,58],{"class":57},[47,54912,62],{"class":61},[47,54914,2981],{"class":349},[47,54916,75],{"class":61},[47,54918,8436],{"class":349},[47,54920,75],{"class":61},[47,54922,8441],{"class":349},[47,54924,75],{"class":61},[47,54926,51262],{"class":349},[47,54928,95],{"class":61},[47,54930,54931],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,54932,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54934,54935,54937,54939,54941],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,54936,4300],{"class":53},[47,54938,110],{"class":61},[47,54940,12016],{"class":113},[47,54942,9288],{"class":61},[47,54944,54945],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,54946,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,54948,54949,54951,54953,54955],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,54950,139],{"class":138},[47,54952,117],{"class":61},[47,54954,4300],{"class":113},[47,54956,132],{"class":61},[20,54958,372],{},[38,54960,54961],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54962,54963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54964,54965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54966,38710],{"class":61},[20,54968,424],{},[174,54970,54971,54976,54982],{},[177,54972,54973,54975],{},[15,54974,4300],{}," starts with four items",[177,54977,54978,54981],{},[15,54979,54980],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[177,54983,54984],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54986,54987,54988,110],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[210,54989,53191],{"href":54990},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[33,54992,273],{"id":272},[20,54994,54995,3048,54997,110],{},[15,54996,11955],{},[15,54998,269],{},[20,55000,41320,55001,53087],{},[278,55002,1369],{},[38,55004,55006],{"className":40,"code":55005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55007,55008,55040,55044,55058,55062,55075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55009,55010,55012,55014,55016,55018,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032,55034,55036,55038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55011,8425],{"class":53},[47,55013,58],{"class":57},[47,55015,62],{"class":61},[47,55017,66],{"class":65},[47,55019,210],{"class":69},[47,55021,66],{"class":65},[47,55023,75],{"class":61},[47,55025,78],{"class":65},[47,55027,854],{"class":69},[47,55029,66],{"class":65},[47,55031,75],{"class":61},[47,55033,78],{"class":65},[47,55035,863],{"class":69},[47,55037,66],{"class":65},[47,55039,95],{"class":61},[47,55041,55042],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55043,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55045,55046,55048,55050,55052,55054,55056],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55047,2879],{"class":53},[47,55049,58],{"class":57},[47,55051,6609],{"class":53},[47,55053,110],{"class":61},[47,55055,12016],{"class":113},[47,55057,9288],{"class":61},[47,55059,55060],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55061,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55063,55064,55066,55068,55070,55072],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,55065,139],{"class":138},[47,55067,117],{"class":61},[47,55069,8456],{"class":113},[47,55071,4313],{"class":61},[47,55073,55074],{"class":152},"   # []\n",[47,55076,55077,55079,55081,55083,55085],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,55078,139],{"class":138},[47,55080,117],{"class":61},[47,55082,2914],{"class":113},[47,55084,4313],{"class":61},[47,55086,21277],{"class":152},[20,55088,55089],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[38,55091,55093],{"className":40,"code":55092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55094,55095,55115,55129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55096,55097,55099,55101,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55098,8425],{"class":53},[47,55100,58],{"class":57},[47,55102,62],{"class":61},[47,55104,917],{"class":349},[47,55106,75],{"class":61},[47,55108,2409],{"class":349},[47,55110,75],{"class":61},[47,55112,2414],{"class":349},[47,55114,95],{"class":61},[47,55116,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125,55127],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55118,8425],{"class":53},[47,55120,58],{"class":57},[47,55122,6609],{"class":53},[47,55124,110],{"class":61},[47,55126,12016],{"class":113},[47,55128,9288],{"class":61},[47,55130,55131,55133,55135,55137],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55132,139],{"class":138},[47,55134,117],{"class":61},[47,55136,8456],{"class":113},[47,55138,132],{"class":61},[20,55140,12546,55141,42570,55143,55145],{},[15,55142,8456],{},[15,55144,269],{},", not an empty list.",[33,55147,55149,55151,55152],{"id":55148},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55150,11955],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55153,805],{},[20,55155,55156],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[38,55158,55159],{"className":40,"code":54870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,55160,55161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55162,55163,55165,55167,55169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55164,8985],{"class":53},[47,55166,110],{"class":61},[47,55168,12016],{"class":113},[47,55170,9288],{"class":61},[38,55172,55174],{"className":40,"code":55173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n",[15,55175,55176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55177,55178,55180,55182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55179,8954],{"class":53},[47,55181,58],{"class":57},[47,55183,8485],{"class":61},[244,55185,55187,55189],{"id":55186},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55188,11955],{}," empties the same list object",[38,55191,55193],{"className":40,"code":55192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55194,55195,55215,55223,55227,55237,55241,55253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55196,55197,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55198,3206],{"class":53},[47,55200,58],{"class":57},[47,55202,62],{"class":61},[47,55204,917],{"class":349},[47,55206,75],{"class":61},[47,55208,2409],{"class":349},[47,55210,75],{"class":61},[47,55212,2414],{"class":349},[47,55214,95],{"class":61},[47,55216,55217,55219,55221],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55218,3234],{"class":53},[47,55220,58],{"class":57},[47,55222,36586],{"class":53},[47,55224,55225],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55226,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55228,55229,55231,55233,55235],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55230,210],{"class":53},[47,55232,110],{"class":61},[47,55234,12016],{"class":113},[47,55236,9288],{"class":61},[47,55238,55239],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,55240,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55242,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,55244,139],{"class":138},[47,55246,117],{"class":61},[47,55248,210],{"class":113},[47,55250,4313],{"class":61},[47,55252,54826],{"class":152},[47,55254,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,55256,139],{"class":138},[47,55258,117],{"class":61},[47,55260,854],{"class":113},[47,55262,4313],{"class":61},[47,55264,54826],{"class":152},[20,55266,11227,55267,5036,55269,55271],{},[15,55268,210],{},[15,55270,854],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[244,55273,55275,55278],{"id":55274},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55276,55277],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[38,55280,55282],{"className":40,"code":55281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55283,55284,55304,55312,55316,55324,55328,55340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55285,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300,55302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55287,3206],{"class":53},[47,55289,58],{"class":57},[47,55291,62],{"class":61},[47,55293,917],{"class":349},[47,55295,75],{"class":61},[47,55297,2409],{"class":349},[47,55299,75],{"class":61},[47,55301,2414],{"class":349},[47,55303,95],{"class":61},[47,55305,55306,55308,55310],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55307,3234],{"class":53},[47,55309,58],{"class":57},[47,55311,36586],{"class":53},[47,55313,55314],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55315,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55317,55318,55320,55322],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55319,3206],{"class":53},[47,55321,58],{"class":57},[47,55323,8485],{"class":61},[47,55325,55326],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,55327,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55329,55330,55332,55334,55336,55338],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,55331,139],{"class":138},[47,55333,117],{"class":61},[47,55335,210],{"class":113},[47,55337,4313],{"class":61},[47,55339,54826],{"class":152},[47,55341,55342,55344,55346,55348,55350],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,55343,139],{"class":138},[47,55345,117],{"class":61},[47,55347,854],{"class":113},[47,55349,4313],{"class":61},[47,55351,55352],{"class":152},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55354,21172,55355,55357,55358,55360],{},[15,55356,210],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55359,854],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55362,55363],{},"This difference matters when:",[174,55365,55366,55369,55372],{},[177,55367,55368],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[177,55370,55371],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[177,55373,55374],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55376,55377,55378,110],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[210,55379,55381,55382,1637],{"href":55380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55383,2556],{},[33,55385,1216,55386],{"id":13066},[15,55387,11955],{},[20,55389,156,55390,6962],{},[15,55391,11955],{},[174,55393,55394,55397,55400],{},[177,55395,55396],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[177,55398,55399],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[177,55401,55402],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55404,603],{},[38,55406,55408],{"className":40,"code":55407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55409,55410,55446,55450,55455,55466,55470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55411,55412,55415,55417,55419,55421,55424,55426,55428,55430,55433,55435,55437,55439,55442,55444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55413,55414],{"class":53},"shopping_cart ",[47,55416,58],{"class":57},[47,55418,62],{"class":61},[47,55420,66],{"class":65},[47,55422,55423],{"class":69},"milk",[47,55425,66],{"class":65},[47,55427,75],{"class":61},[47,55429,78],{"class":65},[47,55431,55432],{"class":69},"bread",[47,55434,66],{"class":65},[47,55436,75],{"class":61},[47,55438,78],{"class":65},[47,55440,55441],{"class":69},"eggs",[47,55443,66],{"class":65},[47,55445,95],{"class":61},[47,55447,55448],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55449,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55451,55452],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55453,55454],{"class":152},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[47,55456,55457,55460,55462,55464],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55458,55459],{"class":53},"shopping_cart",[47,55461,110],{"class":61},[47,55463,12016],{"class":113},[47,55465,9288],{"class":61},[47,55467,55468],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,55469,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55471,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,55473,139],{"class":138},[47,55475,117],{"class":61},[47,55477,55459],{"class":113},[47,55479,4313],{"class":61},[47,55481,54826],{"class":152},[20,55483,55484,55485,55489,55490,55496,55497,110],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[210,55486,55488],{"href":55487},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[210,55491,55493,1637],{"href":55492},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55494,55495],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[210,55498,55500,1637],{"href":55499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55501,55502],{},"list.pop()",[33,55504,5162],{"id":5161},[244,55506,55508,55509,11728,55512],{"id":55507},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55510,55511],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55513,55514],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55516,55517],{},"This does not call the method.",[38,55519,55521],{"className":40,"code":55520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55522,55523,55543,55547,55556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55524,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537,55539,55541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55526,8425],{"class":53},[47,55528,58],{"class":57},[47,55530,62],{"class":61},[47,55532,917],{"class":349},[47,55534,75],{"class":61},[47,55536,2409],{"class":349},[47,55538,75],{"class":61},[47,55540,2414],{"class":349},[47,55542,95],{"class":61},[47,55544,55545],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55546,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55548,55549,55551,55553],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55550,8456],{"class":53},[47,55552,110],{"class":61},[47,55554,55555],{"class":25153},"clear\n",[47,55557,55558,55560,55562,55564],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55559,139],{"class":138},[47,55561,117],{"class":61},[47,55563,8456],{"class":113},[47,55565,132],{"class":61},[20,55567,372],{},[38,55569,55571],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55572,55573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55574,55575,55577,55579,55581,55583,55585,55587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55576,669],{"class":61},[47,55578,917],{"class":349},[47,55580,75],{"class":61},[47,55582,2409],{"class":349},[47,55584,75],{"class":61},[47,55586,2414],{"class":349},[47,55588,95],{"class":61},[20,55590,55591],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55593,11443],{},[38,55595,55597],{"className":40,"code":55596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55598,55599,55619,55623,55633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55600,55601,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613,55615,55617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55602,8425],{"class":53},[47,55604,58],{"class":57},[47,55606,62],{"class":61},[47,55608,917],{"class":349},[47,55610,75],{"class":61},[47,55612,2409],{"class":349},[47,55614,75],{"class":61},[47,55616,2414],{"class":349},[47,55618,95],{"class":61},[47,55620,55621],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55622,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55624,55625,55627,55629,55631],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55626,8456],{"class":53},[47,55628,110],{"class":61},[47,55630,12016],{"class":113},[47,55632,9288],{"class":61},[47,55634,55635,55637,55639,55641,55643],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55636,139],{"class":138},[47,55638,117],{"class":61},[47,55640,8456],{"class":113},[47,55642,4313],{"class":61},[47,55644,54826],{"class":152},[244,55646,1968,55648,55650],{"id":55647},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55649,11955],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55652,55653,3048,55655,55657],{},[15,55654,11955],{},[15,55656,269],{},", not the list.",[38,55659,55661],{"className":40,"code":55660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55662,55663,55683,55697,55701,55713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55664,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55666,8425],{"class":53},[47,55668,58],{"class":57},[47,55670,62],{"class":61},[47,55672,917],{"class":349},[47,55674,75],{"class":61},[47,55676,2409],{"class":349},[47,55678,75],{"class":61},[47,55680,2414],{"class":349},[47,55682,95],{"class":61},[47,55684,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55686,2879],{"class":53},[47,55688,58],{"class":57},[47,55690,6609],{"class":53},[47,55692,110],{"class":61},[47,55694,12016],{"class":113},[47,55696,9288],{"class":61},[47,55698,55699],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55700,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,55702,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55704,139],{"class":138},[47,55706,117],{"class":61},[47,55708,2914],{"class":113},[47,55710,4313],{"class":61},[47,55712,21277],{"class":152},[47,55714,55715,55717,55719,55721,55723],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,55716,139],{"class":138},[47,55718,117],{"class":61},[47,55720,8456],{"class":113},[47,55722,4313],{"class":61},[47,55724,55074],{"class":152},[244,55726,453,55728,55730],{"id":55727},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55729,11955],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55732,55733,55734,55736],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55735,11955],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55738,55739],{},"This will fail:",[38,55741,55743],{"className":40,"code":55742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55744,55745,55757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55746,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55748,35096],{"class":53},[47,55750,58],{"class":57},[47,55752,78],{"class":65},[47,55754,4492],{"class":69},[47,55756,689],{"class":65},[47,55758,55759,55761,55763,55765],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55760,35117],{"class":53},[47,55762,110],{"class":61},[47,55764,12016],{"class":113},[47,55766,9288],{"class":61},[20,55768,55769,55770,34008],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55771,11955],{},[20,55773,55774,55775,55777],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55776,269],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55779,55780],{},"Useful checks:",[38,55782,55784],{"className":40,"code":55783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55785,55786,55796,55810,55824,55833,55843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55787,55788,55790,55792,55794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55789,139],{"class":138},[47,55791,117],{"class":61},[47,55793,8985],{"class":113},[47,55795,132],{"class":61},[47,55797,55798,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,55799,139],{"class":138},[47,55801,117],{"class":61},[47,55803,2392],{"class":106},[47,55805,117],{"class":61},[47,55807,8985],{"class":113},[47,55809,2266],{"class":61},[47,55811,55812,55814,55816,55818,55820,55822],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,55813,139],{"class":138},[47,55815,117],{"class":61},[47,55817,13278],{"class":138},[47,55819,117],{"class":61},[47,55821,8985],{"class":113},[47,55823,2266],{"class":61},[47,55825,55826,55828,55830],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,55827,43965],{"class":53},[47,55829,58],{"class":57},[47,55831,55832],{"class":53}," my_list\n",[47,55834,55835,55837,55839,55841],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,55836,8985],{"class":53},[47,55838,110],{"class":61},[47,55840,12016],{"class":113},[47,55842,9288],{"class":61},[47,55844,55845,55847,55849,55851],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,55846,139],{"class":138},[47,55848,117],{"class":61},[47,55850,31149],{"class":113},[47,55852,132],{"class":61},[20,55854,55855],{},"These can help you see:",[174,55857,55858,55861,55864],{},[177,55859,55860],{},"What the variable currently contains",[177,55862,55863],{},"Whether it is really a list",[177,55865,55866],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55868,55869,55870,110],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[210,55871,55872],{"href":54716},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[33,55874,2429],{"id":2428},[244,55876,2433,55878,55880],{"id":55877},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55879,54769],{}," delete the list?",[20,55882,55883],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[244,55885,2433,55887,55889],{"id":55886},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55888,54769],{}," return a new list?",[20,55891,55892,55893,55895],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55894,269],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[244,55897,5823,55899,5036,55901,3143],{"id":55898},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55900,11955],{},[15,55902,55277],{},[20,55904,55905,55907,55908,55910],{},[15,55906,11955],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55909,55277],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[244,55912,28733,55914,55916],{"id":55913},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55915,11955],{}," on other types?",[20,55918,55919,55920,55922],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55921,11955],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[33,55924,2526],{"id":2525},[174,55926,55927,55931,55936,55943,55950,55956],{},[177,55928,55929],{},[210,55930,53191],{"href":54990},[177,55932,55933],{},[210,55934,55935],{"href":55487},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[177,55937,55938],{},[210,55939,55940,55941,1637],{"href":55499},"Python list ",[15,55942,13391],{},[177,55944,55945],{},[210,55946,55940,55947,1637],{"href":55492},[15,55948,55949],{},"remove()",[177,55951,55952],{},[210,55953,55940,55954,1637],{"href":55380},[15,55955,2556],{},[177,55957,55958],{},[210,55959,30753,55960,34041],{"href":54716},[15,55961,55962],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2563,55964,55965],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":55967},[55968,55969,55971,55972,55973,55974,55981,55982,55990,56000],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":54834,"depth":98,"text":55970},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":55148,"depth":98,"text":55975,"children":55976},"clear() vs assigning []",[55977,55979],{"id":55186,"depth":135,"text":55978},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55274,"depth":135,"text":55980},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13066,"depth":98,"text":13436},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":55983},[55984,55986,55988],{"id":55507,"depth":135,"text":55985},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55647,"depth":135,"text":55987},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55727,"depth":135,"text":55989},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":55991},[55992,55994,55996,55998],{"id":55877,"depth":135,"text":55993},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55886,"depth":135,"text":55995},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55898,"depth":135,"text":55997},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55913,"depth":135,"text":55999},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54756,"description":56001},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56008,"title":56009,"body":56010,"description":57695,"extension":2611,"meta":57696,"navigation":357,"path":57697,"seo":57698,"stem":57699,"__hash__":57700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56011,"toc":57663},[56012,56017,56023,56031,56033,56122,56129,56134,56138,56152,56154,56231,56233,56294,56297,56299,56301,56322,56325,56339,56342,56387,56389,56397,56400,56406,56412,56415,56492,56494,56539,56542,56547,56630,56632,56673,56678,56682,56688,56690,56698,56701,56794,56796,56854,56857,56873,56878,56888,56893,56895,56900,56905,56908,56910,56967,56970,57023,57029,57034,57038,57055,57057,57141,57143,57184,57192,57194,57199,57205,57207,57270,57275,57345,57349,57384,57387,57389,57428,57432,57508,57514,57520,57525,57547,57550,57569,57577,57579,57585,57588,57595,57603,57608,57611,57615,57621,57629,57632,57634,57660],[10,56013,54762,56015,18],{"id":56014},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56016,2556],{},[20,56018,56019,56022],{},[15,56020,56021],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56024,56025,56026,14668,56028,56030],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56027,58],{},[278,56029,1369],{}," make a real copy.",[33,56032,36],{"id":35},[38,56034,56036],{"className":40,"code":56035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56037,56038,56058,56073,56077,56092,56096,56109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56039,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054,56056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56041,4270],{"class":53},[47,56043,58],{"class":57},[47,56045,62],{"class":61},[47,56047,917],{"class":349},[47,56049,75],{"class":61},[47,56051,2409],{"class":349},[47,56053,75],{"class":61},[47,56055,2414],{"class":349},[47,56057,95],{"class":61},[47,56059,56060,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56061,56062],{"class":53},"new_numbers ",[47,56064,58],{"class":57},[47,56066,4905],{"class":53},[47,56068,110],{"class":61},[47,56070,13539],{"class":113},[47,56072,9288],{"class":61},[47,56074,56075],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,56076,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56078,56079,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,56080,56081],{"class":53},"new_numbers",[47,56083,110],{"class":61},[47,56085,912],{"class":113},[47,56087,117],{"class":61},[47,56089,3156],{"class":349},[47,56091,132],{"class":61},[47,56093,56094],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,56095,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56097,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,56099,139],{"class":138},[47,56101,117],{"class":61},[47,56103,4300],{"class":113},[47,56105,4313],{"class":61},[47,56107,56108],{"class":152},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[47,56110,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,56112,139],{"class":138},[47,56114,117],{"class":61},[47,56116,56081],{"class":113},[47,56118,4313],{"class":61},[47,56120,56121],{"class":152},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56123,156,56124,56126,56127,110],{},[15,56125,56021],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[278,56128,13478],{},[33,56130,164,56132,167],{"id":56131},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56133,56021],{},[20,56135,56136,172],{},[15,56137,56021],{},[174,56139,56140,56143,56146,56149],{},[177,56141,56142],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[177,56144,56145],{},"Returns that new list",[177,56147,56148],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[177,56150,56151],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56153,603],{},[38,56155,56157],{"className":40,"code":56156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56158,56159,56191,56206,56210,56220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56162,36650],{"class":53},[47,56164,58],{"class":57},[47,56166,62],{"class":61},[47,56168,66],{"class":65},[47,56170,4720],{"class":69},[47,56172,66],{"class":65},[47,56174,75],{"class":61},[47,56176,78],{"class":65},[47,56178,4729],{"class":69},[47,56180,66],{"class":65},[47,56182,75],{"class":61},[47,56184,78],{"class":65},[47,56186,33628],{"class":69},[47,56188,66],{"class":65},[47,56190,95],{"class":61},[47,56192,56193,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56194,56195],{"class":53},"copied_fruits ",[47,56197,58],{"class":57},[47,56199,53271],{"class":53},[47,56201,110],{"class":61},[47,56203,13539],{"class":113},[47,56205,9288],{"class":61},[47,56207,56208],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,56209,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56211,56212,56214,56216,56218],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,56213,139],{"class":138},[47,56215,117],{"class":61},[47,56217,36702],{"class":113},[47,56219,132],{"class":61},[47,56221,56222,56224,56226,56229],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,56223,139],{"class":138},[47,56225,117],{"class":61},[47,56227,56228],{"class":113},"copied_fruits",[47,56230,132],{"class":61},[20,56232,372],{},[38,56234,56236],{"className":40,"code":56235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56237,56238,56266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56239,56240,56242,56244,56246,56248,56250,56252,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56241,669],{"class":61},[47,56243,385],{"class":65},[47,56245,4720],{"class":69},[47,56247,385],{"class":65},[47,56249,75],{"class":61},[47,56251,398],{"class":65},[47,56253,4729],{"class":69},[47,56255,385],{"class":65},[47,56257,75],{"class":61},[47,56259,398],{"class":65},[47,56261,33628],{"class":69},[47,56263,385],{"class":65},[47,56265,95],{"class":61},[47,56267,56268,56270,56272,56274,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56269,669],{"class":61},[47,56271,385],{"class":65},[47,56273,4720],{"class":69},[47,56275,385],{"class":65},[47,56277,75],{"class":61},[47,56279,398],{"class":65},[47,56281,4729],{"class":69},[47,56283,385],{"class":65},[47,56285,75],{"class":61},[47,56287,398],{"class":65},[47,56289,33628],{"class":69},[47,56291,385],{"class":65},[47,56293,95],{"class":61},[20,56295,56296],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[33,56298,2806],{"id":2805},[20,56300,2809],{},[38,56302,56304],{"className":40,"code":56303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56305,56306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56307,56308,56311,56313,56316,56318,56320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56309,56310],{"class":53},"new_list ",[47,56312,58],{"class":57},[47,56314,56315],{"class":53}," old_list",[47,56317,110],{"class":61},[47,56319,13539],{"class":113},[47,56321,9288],{"class":61},[20,56323,56324],{},"How it works:",[174,56326,56327,56333,56336],{},[177,56328,56329,56330,56332],{},"Call ",[15,56331,2556],{}," on an existing list",[177,56334,56335],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[177,56337,56338],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56340,56341],{},"Example with an empty list:",[38,56343,56345],{"className":40,"code":56344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56346,56347,56356,56372,56376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56348,56349,56352,56354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56350,56351],{"class":53},"empty_list ",[47,56353,58],{"class":57},[47,56355,8485],{"class":61},[47,56357,56358,56361,56363,56366,56368,56370],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56359,56360],{"class":53},"new_empty_list ",[47,56362,58],{"class":57},[47,56364,56365],{"class":53}," empty_list",[47,56367,110],{"class":61},[47,56369,13539],{"class":113},[47,56371,9288],{"class":61},[47,56373,56374],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,56375,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56377,56378,56380,56382,56385],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,56379,139],{"class":138},[47,56381,117],{"class":61},[47,56383,56384],{"class":113},"new_empty_list",[47,56386,132],{"class":61},[20,56388,372],{},[38,56390,56391],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,56392,56393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56394,56395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56396,38710],{"class":61},[20,56398,56399],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[33,56401,56403,56404],{"id":56402},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56405,58],{},[20,56407,453,56408,14668,56410,53087],{},[15,56409,58],{},[278,56411,1369],{},[20,56413,56414],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[38,56416,56418],{"className":40,"code":56417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56419,56420,56440,56449,56453,56468,56472,56482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56421,56422,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56423,4270],{"class":53},[47,56425,58],{"class":57},[47,56427,62],{"class":61},[47,56429,917],{"class":349},[47,56431,75],{"class":61},[47,56433,2409],{"class":349},[47,56435,75],{"class":61},[47,56437,2414],{"class":349},[47,56439,95],{"class":61},[47,56441,56442,56445,56447],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56443,56444],{"class":53},"same_list ",[47,56446,58],{"class":57},[47,56448,44398],{"class":53},[47,56450,56451],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,56452,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56454,56455,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,56456,56457],{"class":53},"same_list",[47,56459,110],{"class":61},[47,56461,912],{"class":113},[47,56463,117],{"class":61},[47,56465,3156],{"class":349},[47,56467,132],{"class":61},[47,56469,56470],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,56471,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56473,56474,56476,56478,56480],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,56475,139],{"class":138},[47,56477,117],{"class":61},[47,56479,4300],{"class":113},[47,56481,132],{"class":61},[47,56483,56484,56486,56488,56490],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,56485,139],{"class":138},[47,56487,117],{"class":61},[47,56489,56457],{"class":113},[47,56491,132],{"class":61},[20,56493,372],{},[38,56495,56497],{"className":40,"code":56496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56498,56499,56519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56502,669],{"class":61},[47,56504,917],{"class":349},[47,56506,75],{"class":61},[47,56508,2409],{"class":349},[47,56510,75],{"class":61},[47,56512,2414],{"class":349},[47,56514,75],{"class":61},[47,56516,3108],{"class":349},[47,56518,95],{"class":61},[47,56520,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56522,669],{"class":61},[47,56524,917],{"class":349},[47,56526,75],{"class":61},[47,56528,2409],{"class":349},[47,56530,75],{"class":61},[47,56532,2414],{"class":349},[47,56534,75],{"class":61},[47,56536,3108],{"class":349},[47,56538,95],{"class":61},[20,56540,56541],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56543,56544,56545,172],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56546,2556],{},[38,56548,56550],{"className":40,"code":56549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56551,56552,56572,56587,56591,56606,56610,56620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56553,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568,56570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56555,4270],{"class":53},[47,56557,58],{"class":57},[47,56559,62],{"class":61},[47,56561,917],{"class":349},[47,56563,75],{"class":61},[47,56565,2409],{"class":349},[47,56567,75],{"class":61},[47,56569,2414],{"class":349},[47,56571,95],{"class":61},[47,56573,56574,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56575,56576],{"class":53},"copied_numbers ",[47,56578,58],{"class":57},[47,56580,4905],{"class":53},[47,56582,110],{"class":61},[47,56584,13539],{"class":113},[47,56586,9288],{"class":61},[47,56588,56589],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,56590,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56592,56593,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,56594,56595],{"class":53},"copied_numbers",[47,56597,110],{"class":61},[47,56599,912],{"class":113},[47,56601,117],{"class":61},[47,56603,3156],{"class":349},[47,56605,132],{"class":61},[47,56607,56608],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,56609,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56611,56612,56614,56616,56618],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,56613,139],{"class":138},[47,56615,117],{"class":61},[47,56617,4300],{"class":113},[47,56619,132],{"class":61},[47,56621,56622,56624,56626,56628],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,56623,139],{"class":138},[47,56625,117],{"class":61},[47,56627,56595],{"class":113},[47,56629,132],{"class":61},[20,56631,372],{},[38,56633,56635],{"className":40,"code":56634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56636,56637,56653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56638,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56640,669],{"class":61},[47,56642,917],{"class":349},[47,56644,75],{"class":61},[47,56646,2409],{"class":349},[47,56648,75],{"class":61},[47,56650,2414],{"class":349},[47,56652,95],{"class":61},[47,56654,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56656,669],{"class":61},[47,56658,917],{"class":349},[47,56660,75],{"class":61},[47,56662,2409],{"class":349},[47,56664,75],{"class":61},[47,56666,2414],{"class":349},[47,56668,75],{"class":61},[47,56670,3108],{"class":349},[47,56672,95],{"class":61},[20,56674,56675,56676,110],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[210,56677,53191],{"href":51398},[33,56679,56681],{"id":56680},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56683,56684,13475,56686,110],{},[15,56685,56021],{},[278,56687,13478],{},[20,56689,2756],{},[174,56691,56692,56695],{},[177,56693,56694],{},"The outer list is new",[177,56696,56697],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56699,56700],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[38,56702,56704],{"className":40,"code":56703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56705,56706,56733,56747,56751,56770,56774,56784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56707,56708,56710,56712,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56709,1986],{"class":53},[47,56711,58],{"class":57},[47,56713,56714],{"class":61}," [[",[47,56716,917],{"class":349},[47,56718,75],{"class":61},[47,56720,2409],{"class":349},[47,56722,959],{"class":61},[47,56724,62],{"class":61},[47,56726,2711],{"class":349},[47,56728,75],{"class":61},[47,56730,3108],{"class":349},[47,56732,53662],{"class":61},[47,56734,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56736,14926],{"class":53},[47,56738,58],{"class":57},[47,56740,12789],{"class":53},[47,56742,110],{"class":61},[47,56744,13539],{"class":113},[47,56746,9288],{"class":61},[47,56748,56749],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,56750,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56752,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763,56765,56768],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,56754,14945],{"class":53},[47,56756,669],{"class":61},[47,56758,436],{"class":349},[47,56760,909],{"class":61},[47,56762,912],{"class":113},[47,56764,117],{"class":61},[47,56766,56767],{"class":349},"99",[47,56769,132],{"class":61},[47,56771,56772],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,56773,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56775,56776,56778,56780,56782],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,56777,139],{"class":138},[47,56779,117],{"class":61},[47,56781,2052],{"class":113},[47,56783,132],{"class":61},[47,56785,56786,56788,56790,56792],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,56787,139],{"class":138},[47,56789,117],{"class":61},[47,56791,14945],{"class":113},[47,56793,132],{"class":61},[20,56795,372],{},[38,56797,56799],{"className":40,"code":56798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56800,56801,56828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56802,56803,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56804,56805],{"class":61},"[[",[47,56807,917],{"class":349},[47,56809,75],{"class":61},[47,56811,2409],{"class":349},[47,56813,75],{"class":61},[47,56815,10835],{"class":349},[47,56817,959],{"class":61},[47,56819,62],{"class":61},[47,56821,2711],{"class":349},[47,56823,75],{"class":61},[47,56825,3108],{"class":349},[47,56827,53662],{"class":61},[47,56829,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56831,56805],{"class":61},[47,56833,917],{"class":349},[47,56835,75],{"class":61},[47,56837,2409],{"class":349},[47,56839,75],{"class":61},[47,56841,10835],{"class":349},[47,56843,959],{"class":61},[47,56845,62],{"class":61},[47,56847,2711],{"class":349},[47,56849,75],{"class":61},[47,56851,3108],{"class":349},[47,56853,53662],{"class":61},[20,56855,56856],{},"Why did both change?",[174,56858,56859,56866],{},[177,56860,56861,5036,56863,56865],{},[15,56862,2052],{},[15,56864,14945],{}," are different outer lists",[177,56867,56868,56869,56872],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56870,56871],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56874,54073,56875,56877],{},[15,56876,2556],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[174,56879,56880,56883,56886],{},[177,56881,56882],{},"Numbers",[177,56884,56885],{},"Strings",[177,56887,41009],{},[20,56889,56890,56891,110],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[210,56892,14408],{"href":14407},[33,56894,273],{"id":272},[20,56896,56897,56899],{},[15,56898,56021],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56901,41320,56902,56904],{},[278,56903,1369],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56906,56907],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56909,17265],{},[38,56911,56913],{"className":40,"code":56912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56914,56915,56939,56953,56957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56916,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56918,332],{"class":53},[47,56920,58],{"class":57},[47,56922,62],{"class":61},[47,56924,66],{"class":65},[47,56926,305],{"class":69},[47,56928,66],{"class":65},[47,56930,75],{"class":61},[47,56932,78],{"class":65},[47,56934,323],{"class":69},[47,56936,66],{"class":65},[47,56938,95],{"class":61},[47,56940,56941,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,56942,13741],{"class":53},[47,56944,58],{"class":57},[47,56946,13746],{"class":53},[47,56948,110],{"class":61},[47,56950,13539],{"class":113},[47,56952,9288],{"class":61},[47,56954,56955],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,56956,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,56958,56959,56961,56963,56965],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,56960,139],{"class":138},[47,56962,117],{"class":61},[47,56964,13765],{"class":113},[47,56966,132],{"class":61},[20,56968,56969],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[38,56971,56973],{"className":40,"code":56972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56974,56975,56999,57009,57013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56976,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56978,332],{"class":53},[47,56980,58],{"class":57},[47,56982,62],{"class":61},[47,56984,66],{"class":65},[47,56986,305],{"class":69},[47,56988,66],{"class":65},[47,56990,75],{"class":61},[47,56992,78],{"class":65},[47,56994,323],{"class":69},[47,56996,66],{"class":65},[47,56998,95],{"class":61},[47,57000,57001,57003,57005,57007],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57002,367],{"class":53},[47,57004,110],{"class":61},[47,57006,13539],{"class":113},[47,57008,9288],{"class":61},[47,57010,57011],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,57012,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,57014,57015,57017,57019,57021],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,57016,139],{"class":138},[47,57018,117],{"class":61},[47,57020,367],{"class":113},[47,57022,132],{"class":61},[20,57024,57025,57026,57028],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57027,2556],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[33,57030,1216,57032],{"id":57031},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57033,56021],{},[20,57035,156,57036,11238],{},[15,57037,56021],{},[174,57039,57040,57043,57046,57049],{},[177,57041,57042],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[177,57044,57045],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[177,57047,57048],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[177,57050,57051,57052],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57053,57054],{},"[:]",[20,57056,603],{},[38,57058,57060],{"className":40,"code":57059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57061,57062,57082,57097,57101,57116,57120,57130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57063,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57065,1311],{"class":53},[47,57067,58],{"class":57},[47,57069,62],{"class":61},[47,57071,2981],{"class":349},[47,57073,75],{"class":61},[47,57075,8436],{"class":349},[47,57077,75],{"class":61},[47,57079,8441],{"class":349},[47,57081,95],{"class":61},[47,57083,57084,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57085,57086],{"class":53},"backup_scores ",[47,57088,58],{"class":57},[47,57090,5753],{"class":53},[47,57092,110],{"class":61},[47,57094,13539],{"class":113},[47,57096,9288],{"class":61},[47,57098,57099],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,57100,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,57102,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57114],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,57104,1361],{"class":53},[47,57106,110],{"class":61},[47,57108,912],{"class":113},[47,57110,117],{"class":61},[47,57112,57113],{"class":349},"40",[47,57115,132],{"class":61},[47,57117,57118],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,57119,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,57121,57122,57124,57126,57128],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,57123,139],{"class":138},[47,57125,117],{"class":61},[47,57127,1361],{"class":113},[47,57129,132],{"class":61},[47,57131,57132,57134,57136,57139],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,57133,139],{"class":138},[47,57135,117],{"class":61},[47,57137,57138],{"class":113},"backup_scores",[47,57140,132],{"class":61},[20,57142,372],{},[38,57144,57146],{"className":40,"code":57145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57147,57148,57168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57149,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57151,669],{"class":61},[47,57153,2981],{"class":349},[47,57155,75],{"class":61},[47,57157,8436],{"class":349},[47,57159,75],{"class":61},[47,57161,8441],{"class":349},[47,57163,75],{"class":61},[47,57165,51262],{"class":349},[47,57167,95],{"class":61},[47,57169,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57171,669],{"class":61},[47,57173,2981],{"class":349},[47,57175,75],{"class":61},[47,57177,8436],{"class":349},[47,57179,75],{"class":61},[47,57181,8441],{"class":349},[47,57183,95],{"class":61},[20,57185,57186,57187,110],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[210,57188,55940,57190,1637],{"href":57189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57191,53072],{},[33,57193,5162],{"id":5161},[20,57195,57196,57197,110],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57198,56021],{},[244,57200,453,57202,57204],{"id":57201},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57203,58],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57206,39612],{},[38,57208,57210],{"className":40,"code":57209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57211,57212,57232,57240,57254,57258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57213,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57215,3206],{"class":53},[47,57217,58],{"class":57},[47,57219,62],{"class":61},[47,57221,917],{"class":349},[47,57223,75],{"class":61},[47,57225,2409],{"class":349},[47,57227,75],{"class":61},[47,57229,2414],{"class":349},[47,57231,95],{"class":61},[47,57233,57234,57236,57238],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57235,3234],{"class":53},[47,57237,58],{"class":57},[47,57239,36586],{"class":53},[47,57241,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,57243,854],{"class":53},[47,57245,110],{"class":61},[47,57247,912],{"class":113},[47,57249,117],{"class":61},[47,57251,3156],{"class":349},[47,57253,132],{"class":61},[47,57255,57256],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,57257,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,57259,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,57261,139],{"class":138},[47,57263,117],{"class":61},[47,57265,210],{"class":113},[47,57267,4313],{"class":61},[47,57269,56121],{"class":152},[20,57271,57272,57273,7275],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57274,2556],{},[38,57276,57278],{"className":40,"code":57277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57279,57280,57300,57315,57329,57333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57281,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296,57298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57283,3206],{"class":53},[47,57285,58],{"class":57},[47,57287,62],{"class":61},[47,57289,917],{"class":349},[47,57291,75],{"class":61},[47,57293,2409],{"class":349},[47,57295,75],{"class":61},[47,57297,2414],{"class":349},[47,57299,95],{"class":61},[47,57301,57302,57304,57306,57309,57311,57313],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57303,3234],{"class":53},[47,57305,58],{"class":57},[47,57307,57308],{"class":53}," a",[47,57310,110],{"class":61},[47,57312,13539],{"class":113},[47,57314,9288],{"class":61},[47,57316,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,57318,854],{"class":53},[47,57320,110],{"class":61},[47,57322,912],{"class":113},[47,57324,117],{"class":61},[47,57326,3156],{"class":349},[47,57328,132],{"class":61},[47,57330,57331],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,57332,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,57334,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,57336,139],{"class":138},[47,57338,117],{"class":61},[47,57340,210],{"class":113},[47,57342,4313],{"class":61},[47,57344,55352],{"class":152},[244,57346,57348],{"id":57347},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[38,57350,57352],{"className":40,"code":57351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57353,57354,57374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57355,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370,57372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57357,4270],{"class":53},[47,57359,58],{"class":57},[47,57361,62],{"class":61},[47,57363,917],{"class":349},[47,57365,75],{"class":61},[47,57367,2409],{"class":349},[47,57369,75],{"class":61},[47,57371,2414],{"class":349},[47,57373,95],{"class":61},[47,57375,57376,57378,57380,57382],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57377,4300],{"class":53},[47,57379,110],{"class":61},[47,57381,13539],{"class":113},[47,57383,9288],{"class":61},[20,57385,57386],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57388,39675],{},[38,57390,57392],{"className":40,"code":57391,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57393,57394,57414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57395,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57397,4270],{"class":53},[47,57399,58],{"class":57},[47,57401,62],{"class":61},[47,57403,917],{"class":349},[47,57405,75],{"class":61},[47,57407,2409],{"class":349},[47,57409,75],{"class":61},[47,57411,2414],{"class":349},[47,57413,95],{"class":61},[47,57415,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57417,56576],{"class":53},[47,57419,58],{"class":57},[47,57421,4905],{"class":53},[47,57423,110],{"class":61},[47,57425,13539],{"class":113},[47,57427,9288],{"class":61},[244,57429,57431],{"id":57430},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[38,57433,57435],{"className":40,"code":57434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57436,57437,57455,57469,57473,57491,57495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57438,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57440,3206],{"class":53},[47,57442,58],{"class":57},[47,57444,56714],{"class":61},[47,57446,917],{"class":349},[47,57448,959],{"class":61},[47,57450,62],{"class":61},[47,57452,2705],{"class":349},[47,57454,53662],{"class":61},[47,57456,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57458,3234],{"class":53},[47,57460,58],{"class":57},[47,57462,57308],{"class":53},[47,57464,110],{"class":61},[47,57466,13539],{"class":113},[47,57468,9288],{"class":61},[47,57470,57471],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,57472,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,57474,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,57476,854],{"class":53},[47,57478,669],{"class":61},[47,57480,436],{"class":349},[47,57482,909],{"class":61},[47,57484,912],{"class":113},[47,57486,117],{"class":61},[47,57488,56767],{"class":349},[47,57490,132],{"class":61},[47,57492,57493],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,57494,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,57496,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,57498,139],{"class":138},[47,57500,117],{"class":61},[47,57502,210],{"class":113},[47,57504,4313],{"class":61},[47,57506,57507],{"class":152},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57509,57510,57511,57513],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57512,56021],{}," is shallow.",[244,57515,26020,57517,57519],{"id":57516},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57518,2556],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57521,57522,57524],{},[15,57523,2556],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[38,57526,57528],{"className":40,"code":57527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57529,57530,57542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57531,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57533,8523],{"class":53},[47,57535,58],{"class":57},[47,57537,78],{"class":65},[47,57539,5647],{"class":69},[47,57541,689],{"class":65},[47,57543,57544],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57545,57546],{"class":152},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57548,57549],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[38,57551,57553],{"className":40,"code":57552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57554,57555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57556,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57558,139],{"class":138},[47,57560,117],{"class":61},[47,57562,2392],{"class":106},[47,57564,117],{"class":61},[47,57566,70],{"class":113},[47,57568,2266],{"class":61},[20,57570,57571,57572,57576],{},"You can also review ",[210,57573,57575],{"href":57574},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[33,57578,2429],{"id":2428},[244,57580,2433,57582,57584],{"id":57581},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57583,56021],{}," change the original list?",[20,57586,57587],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[244,57589,5823,57591,5036,57593,3143],{"id":57590},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57592,56021],{},[15,57594,58],{},[20,57596,57597,57599,57600,57602],{},[15,57598,2556],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57601,58],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[244,57604,15516,57606,15519],{"id":57605},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57607,56021],{},[20,57609,57610],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[244,57612,57614],{"id":57613},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57616,42567,57617,57620],{},[15,57618,57619],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[244,57622,15516,57624,57626,57627,3143],{"id":57623},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57625,56021],{}," the same as ",[15,57628,57054],{},[20,57630,57631],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[33,57633,2526],{"id":2525},[174,57635,57636,57641,57645,57650,57656],{},[177,57637,57638],{},[210,57639,15577],{"href":57640},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[177,57642,57643],{},[210,57644,53191],{"href":51398},[177,57646,57647],{},[210,57648,57649],{"href":57574},"Creating a list in Python",[177,57651,57652],{},[210,57653,55940,57654,1637],{"href":57189},[15,57655,53072],{},[177,57657,57658],{},[210,57659,14408],{"href":14407},[2563,57661,57662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":57664},[57665,57666,57668,57669,57671,57672,57673,57675,57683,57694],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":56131,"depth":98,"text":57667},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":56402,"depth":98,"text":57670},"Why not use =",{"id":56680,"depth":98,"text":56681},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":57031,"depth":98,"text":57674},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":57676},[57677,57679,57680,57681],{"id":57201,"depth":135,"text":57678},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57347,"depth":135,"text":57348},{"id":57430,"depth":135,"text":57431},{"id":57516,"depth":135,"text":57682},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":57684},[57685,57687,57689,57691,57692],{"id":57581,"depth":135,"text":57686},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57590,"depth":135,"text":57688},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57605,"depth":135,"text":57690},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57613,"depth":135,"text":57614},{"id":57623,"depth":135,"text":57693},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56009,"description":57695},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57702,"title":57703,"body":57704,"description":59446,"extension":2611,"meta":59447,"navigation":357,"path":59448,"seo":59449,"stem":59450,"__hash__":59451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57705,"toc":59405},[57706,57712,57718,57721,57732,57735,57737,57800,57806,57811,57815,57829,57832,57837,57842,57844,57846,57865,57877,57879,57946,57948,57956,57961,57963,57971,57974,57991,57993,58117,58128,58132,58137,58140,58142,58160,58164,58250,58259,58267,58336,58338,58341,58353,58358,58362,58433,58436,58440,58444,58509,58511,58519,58523,58606,58608,58616,58620,58681,58683,58691,58695,58782,58784,58792,58797,58802,58805,58816,58818,58903,58908,58917,58919,58923,58927,58932,58994,58998,59006,59012,59021,59026,59075,59078,59099,59103,59165,59172,59177,59180,59267,59270,59281,59284,59304,59306,59312,59315,59319,59323,59329,59332,59338,59345,59353,59364,59366,59402],[10,57707,54762,57709,18],{"id":57708},"python-list-count-method",[15,57710,57711],{},"count()",[20,57713,57714,57717],{},[15,57715,57716],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57719,57720],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[174,57722,57723,57726,57729],{},[177,57724,57725],{},"count one specific item",[177,57727,57728],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[177,57730,57731],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57733,57734],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[33,57736,4260],{"id":4259},[38,57738,57740],{"className":40,"code":57739,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57741,57742,57770,57788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57743,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57745,4270],{"class":53},[47,57747,58],{"class":57},[47,57749,62],{"class":61},[47,57751,917],{"class":349},[47,57753,75],{"class":61},[47,57755,2409],{"class":349},[47,57757,75],{"class":61},[47,57759,2409],{"class":349},[47,57761,75],{"class":61},[47,57763,2414],{"class":349},[47,57765,75],{"class":61},[47,57767,2409],{"class":349},[47,57769,95],{"class":61},[47,57771,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57773,2879],{"class":53},[47,57775,58],{"class":57},[47,57777,4905],{"class":53},[47,57779,110],{"class":61},[47,57781,41674],{"class":113},[47,57783,117],{"class":61},[47,57785,2705],{"class":349},[47,57787,132],{"class":61},[47,57789,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,57791,139],{"class":138},[47,57793,117],{"class":61},[47,57795,2914],{"class":113},[47,57797,4313],{"class":61},[47,57799,51189],{"class":152},[20,57801,156,57802,57805],{},[15,57803,57804],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[33,57807,164,57809,167],{"id":57808},"what-listcount-does",[15,57810,57716],{},[20,57812,57813,172],{},[15,57814,57716],{},[174,57816,57817,57820,57823,57826],{},[177,57818,57819],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[177,57821,57822],{},"returns an integer",[177,57824,57825],{},"does not change the original list",[177,57827,57828],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57830,57831],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57833,57834,57835,110],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57836,2711],{},[20,57838,57839,57840,110],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57841,436],{},[33,57843,2806],{"id":2805},[20,57845,2809],{},[38,57847,57849],{"className":40,"code":57848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57850,57851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57852,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57854,8985],{"class":53},[47,57856,110],{"class":61},[47,57858,41674],{"class":113},[47,57860,117],{"class":61},[47,57862,259],{"class":113},[47,57864,132],{"class":61},[174,57866,57867,57872],{},[177,57868,57869,57871],{},[15,57870,8985],{}," is the list you want to search",[177,57873,57874,57876],{},[15,57875,259],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57878,603],{},[38,57880,57882],{"className":40,"code":57881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57883,57884,57924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57885,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57887,36501],{"class":53},[47,57889,58],{"class":57},[47,57891,62],{"class":61},[47,57893,66],{"class":65},[47,57895,210],{"class":69},[47,57897,66],{"class":65},[47,57899,75],{"class":61},[47,57901,78],{"class":65},[47,57903,854],{"class":69},[47,57905,66],{"class":65},[47,57907,75],{"class":61},[47,57909,78],{"class":65},[47,57911,210],{"class":69},[47,57913,66],{"class":65},[47,57915,75],{"class":61},[47,57917,78],{"class":65},[47,57919,863],{"class":69},[47,57921,66],{"class":65},[47,57923,95],{"class":61},[47,57925,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,57927,139],{"class":138},[47,57929,117],{"class":61},[47,57931,36554],{"class":113},[47,57933,110],{"class":61},[47,57935,41674],{"class":113},[47,57937,117],{"class":61},[47,57939,66],{"class":65},[47,57941,210],{"class":69},[47,57943,66],{"class":65},[47,57945,2266],{"class":61},[20,57947,372],{},[38,57949,57950],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57951,57952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57953,57954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57955,17665],{"class":349},[20,57957,57958,57959,110],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57960,436],{},[33,57962,38433],{"id":38432},[20,57964,57965,57966,57968,57969,110],{},"The return value from ",[15,57967,57711],{}," is always an ",[15,57970,2837],{},[20,57972,57973],{},"Possible results:",[174,57975,57976,57981,57986],{},[177,57977,57978,57980],{},[15,57979,436],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[177,57982,57983,57985],{},[15,57984,917],{}," if it appears once",[177,57987,57988,57990],{},[15,57989,2705],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57992,603],{},[38,57994,57996],{"className":40,"code":57995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57997,57998,58038,58042,58067,58092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57999,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58001,332],{"class":53},[47,58003,58],{"class":57},[47,58005,62],{"class":61},[47,58007,66],{"class":65},[47,58009,305],{"class":69},[47,58011,66],{"class":65},[47,58013,75],{"class":61},[47,58015,78],{"class":65},[47,58017,323],{"class":69},[47,58019,66],{"class":65},[47,58021,75],{"class":61},[47,58023,78],{"class":65},[47,58025,314],{"class":69},[47,58027,66],{"class":65},[47,58029,75],{"class":61},[47,58031,78],{"class":65},[47,58033,323],{"class":69},[47,58035,66],{"class":65},[47,58037,95],{"class":61},[47,58039,58040],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58041,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,58043,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58045,139],{"class":138},[47,58047,117],{"class":61},[47,58049,367],{"class":113},[47,58051,110],{"class":61},[47,58053,41674],{"class":113},[47,58055,117],{"class":61},[47,58057,66],{"class":65},[47,58059,323],{"class":69},[47,58061,66],{"class":65},[47,58063,6006],{"class":61},[47,58065,58066],{"class":152},"   # 2\n",[47,58068,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,58070,139],{"class":138},[47,58072,117],{"class":61},[47,58074,367],{"class":113},[47,58076,110],{"class":61},[47,58078,41674],{"class":113},[47,58080,117],{"class":61},[47,58082,66],{"class":65},[47,58084,305],{"class":69},[47,58086,66],{"class":65},[47,58088,6006],{"class":61},[47,58090,58091],{"class":152},"    # 1\n",[47,58093,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,58095,139],{"class":138},[47,58097,117],{"class":61},[47,58099,367],{"class":113},[47,58101,110],{"class":61},[47,58103,41674],{"class":113},[47,58105,117],{"class":61},[47,58107,66],{"class":65},[47,58109,22926],{"class":69},[47,58111,66],{"class":65},[47,58113,6006],{"class":61},[47,58115,58116],{"class":152}," # 0\n",[20,58118,58119,58120,58122,58123,58125,58126,110],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58121,57711],{}," works, but using ",[15,58124,1114],{}," is often simpler. See ",[210,58127,6842],{"href":6841},[33,58129,58131],{"id":58130},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58133,58134,58136],{},[15,58135,57716],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58138,58139],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58141,44066],{},[174,58143,58144,58147,58150,58157],{},[177,58145,58146],{},"matches are based on equality",[177,58148,58149],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[177,58151,58152,5036,58154,58156],{},[15,58153,917],{},[15,58155,4255],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[177,58158,58159],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[244,58161,58163],{"id":58162},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[38,58165,58167],{"className":40,"code":58166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58168,58169,58202,58226],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58170,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58172,4711],{"class":53},[47,58174,58],{"class":57},[47,58176,62],{"class":61},[47,58178,66],{"class":65},[47,58180,4720],{"class":69},[47,58182,66],{"class":65},[47,58184,75],{"class":61},[47,58186,78],{"class":65},[47,58188,58189],{"class":69},"Apple",[47,58191,66],{"class":65},[47,58193,75],{"class":61},[47,58195,78],{"class":65},[47,58197,4720],{"class":69},[47,58199,66],{"class":65},[47,58201,95],{"class":61},[47,58203,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58205,139],{"class":138},[47,58207,117],{"class":61},[47,58209,4755],{"class":113},[47,58211,110],{"class":61},[47,58213,41674],{"class":113},[47,58215,117],{"class":61},[47,58217,66],{"class":65},[47,58219,4720],{"class":69},[47,58221,66],{"class":65},[47,58223,6006],{"class":61},[47,58225,51834],{"class":152},[47,58227,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58229,139],{"class":138},[47,58231,117],{"class":61},[47,58233,4755],{"class":113},[47,58235,110],{"class":61},[47,58237,41674],{"class":113},[47,58239,117],{"class":61},[47,58241,66],{"class":65},[47,58243,58189],{"class":69},[47,58245,66],{"class":65},[47,58247,6006],{"class":61},[47,58249,28184],{"class":152},[20,58251,58252,5036,58255,58258],{},[15,58253,58254],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58256,58257],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[244,58260,58262,5036,58264,58266],{"id":58261},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58263,917],{},[15,58265,4255],{}," can match",[38,58268,58270],{"className":40,"code":58269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58271,58272,58296,58316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58273,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58275,4470],{"class":53},[47,58277,58],{"class":57},[47,58279,62],{"class":61},[47,58281,917],{"class":349},[47,58283,75],{"class":61},[47,58285,1444],{"class":559},[47,58287,75],{"class":61},[47,58289,2409],{"class":349},[47,58291,75],{"class":61},[47,58293,2002],{"class":349},[47,58295,95],{"class":61},[47,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58299,139],{"class":138},[47,58301,117],{"class":61},[47,58303,6003],{"class":113},[47,58305,110],{"class":61},[47,58307,41674],{"class":113},[47,58309,117],{"class":61},[47,58311,917],{"class":349},[47,58313,6006],{"class":61},[47,58315,51337],{"class":152},[47,58317,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58319,139],{"class":138},[47,58321,117],{"class":61},[47,58323,6003],{"class":113},[47,58325,110],{"class":61},[47,58327,41674],{"class":113},[47,58329,117],{"class":61},[47,58331,4255],{"class":559},[47,58333,6006],{"class":61},[47,58335,51189],{"class":152},[20,58337,5053],{},[20,58339,58340],{},"In Python:",[174,58342,58343,58348],{},[177,58344,58345],{},[15,58346,58347],{},"True == 1",[177,58349,58350],{},[15,58351,58352],{},"False == 0",[20,58354,54073,58355,58357],{},[15,58356,57711],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[244,58359,58361],{"id":58360},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[38,58363,58365],{"className":40,"code":58364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58366,58367,58409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58368,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58370,8425],{"class":53},[47,58372,58],{"class":57},[47,58374,56714],{"class":61},[47,58376,917],{"class":349},[47,58378,75],{"class":61},[47,58380,2409],{"class":349},[47,58382,959],{"class":61},[47,58384,62],{"class":61},[47,58386,2711],{"class":349},[47,58388,75],{"class":61},[47,58390,3108],{"class":349},[47,58392,959],{"class":61},[47,58394,62],{"class":61},[47,58396,917],{"class":349},[47,58398,75],{"class":61},[47,58400,2409],{"class":349},[47,58402,959],{"class":61},[47,58404,62],{"class":61},[47,58406,917],{"class":349},[47,58408,53662],{"class":61},[47,58410,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58412,139],{"class":138},[47,58414,117],{"class":61},[47,58416,8456],{"class":113},[47,58418,110],{"class":61},[47,58420,41674],{"class":113},[47,58422,1258],{"class":61},[47,58424,917],{"class":349},[47,58426,75],{"class":61},[47,58428,2409],{"class":349},[47,58430,5379],{"class":61},[47,58432,51834],{"class":152},[20,58434,58435],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[33,58437,58439],{"id":58438},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[244,58441,58443],{"id":58442},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[38,58445,58447],{"className":40,"code":58446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58448,58449,58477,58495,58499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58450,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58452,4270],{"class":53},[47,58454,58],{"class":57},[47,58456,62],{"class":61},[47,58458,2981],{"class":349},[47,58460,75],{"class":61},[47,58462,8436],{"class":349},[47,58464,75],{"class":61},[47,58466,6648],{"class":349},[47,58468,75],{"class":61},[47,58470,8441],{"class":349},[47,58472,75],{"class":61},[47,58474,6648],{"class":349},[47,58476,95],{"class":61},[47,58478,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58480,2879],{"class":53},[47,58482,58],{"class":57},[47,58484,4905],{"class":53},[47,58486,110],{"class":61},[47,58488,41674],{"class":113},[47,58490,117],{"class":61},[47,58492,2981],{"class":349},[47,58494,132],{"class":61},[47,58496,58497],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58498,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,58500,58501,58503,58505,58507],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,58502,139],{"class":138},[47,58504,117],{"class":61},[47,58506,2914],{"class":113},[47,58508,132],{"class":61},[20,58510,372],{},[38,58512,58513],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58514,58515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58516,58517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58518,47034],{"class":349},[244,58520,58522],{"id":58521},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[38,58524,58526],{"className":40,"code":58525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58527,58528,58570,58592,58596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58529,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563,58566,58568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58531,4711],{"class":53},[47,58533,58],{"class":57},[47,58535,62],{"class":61},[47,58537,66],{"class":65},[47,58539,37459],{"class":69},[47,58541,66],{"class":65},[47,58543,75],{"class":61},[47,58545,78],{"class":65},[47,58547,58548],{"class":69},"dog",[47,58550,66],{"class":65},[47,58552,75],{"class":61},[47,58554,78],{"class":65},[47,58556,37459],{"class":69},[47,58558,66],{"class":65},[47,58560,75],{"class":61},[47,58562,78],{"class":65},[47,58564,58565],{"class":69},"bird",[47,58567,66],{"class":65},[47,58569,95],{"class":61},[47,58571,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58573,2879],{"class":53},[47,58575,58],{"class":57},[47,58577,6812],{"class":53},[47,58579,110],{"class":61},[47,58581,41674],{"class":113},[47,58583,117],{"class":61},[47,58585,66],{"class":65},[47,58587,37459],{"class":69},[47,58589,66],{"class":65},[47,58591,132],{"class":61},[47,58593,58594],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58595,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,58597,58598,58600,58602,58604],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,58599,139],{"class":138},[47,58601,117],{"class":61},[47,58603,2914],{"class":113},[47,58605,132],{"class":61},[20,58607,372],{},[38,58609,58610],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58611,58612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58613,58614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58615,17665],{"class":349},[244,58617,58619],{"id":58618},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[38,58621,58623],{"className":40,"code":58622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58624,58625,58649,58667,58671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58626,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58628,4270],{"class":53},[47,58630,58],{"class":57},[47,58632,62],{"class":61},[47,58634,917],{"class":349},[47,58636,75],{"class":61},[47,58638,2409],{"class":349},[47,58640,75],{"class":61},[47,58642,2414],{"class":349},[47,58644,75],{"class":61},[47,58646,3108],{"class":349},[47,58648,95],{"class":61},[47,58650,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58652,2879],{"class":53},[47,58654,58],{"class":57},[47,58656,4905],{"class":53},[47,58658,110],{"class":61},[47,58660,41674],{"class":113},[47,58662,117],{"class":61},[47,58664,2784],{"class":349},[47,58666,132],{"class":61},[47,58668,58669],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58670,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,58672,58673,58675,58677,58679],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,58674,139],{"class":138},[47,58676,117],{"class":61},[47,58678,2914],{"class":113},[47,58680,132],{"class":61},[20,58682,372],{},[38,58684,58685],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58686,58687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58688,58689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58690,47669],{"class":349},[244,58692,58694],{"id":58693},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[38,58696,58698],{"className":40,"code":58697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58699,58700,58746,58768,58772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58701,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58703,872],{"class":53},[47,58705,58],{"class":57},[47,58707,56714],{"class":61},[47,58709,917],{"class":349},[47,58711,75],{"class":61},[47,58713,2409],{"class":349},[47,58715,959],{"class":61},[47,58717,62],{"class":61},[47,58719,917],{"class":349},[47,58721,75],{"class":61},[47,58723,2409],{"class":349},[47,58725,959],{"class":61},[47,58727,62],{"class":61},[47,58729,2705],{"class":349},[47,58731,75],{"class":61},[47,58733,2414],{"class":349},[47,58735,959],{"class":61},[47,58737,62],{"class":61},[47,58739,917],{"class":349},[47,58741,75],{"class":61},[47,58743,2409],{"class":349},[47,58745,53662],{"class":61},[47,58747,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58749,2879],{"class":53},[47,58751,58],{"class":57},[47,58753,15181],{"class":53},[47,58755,110],{"class":61},[47,58757,41674],{"class":113},[47,58759,1258],{"class":61},[47,58761,917],{"class":349},[47,58763,75],{"class":61},[47,58765,2409],{"class":349},[47,58767,2166],{"class":61},[47,58769,58770],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58771,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,58773,58774,58776,58778,58780],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,58775,139],{"class":138},[47,58777,117],{"class":61},[47,58779,2914],{"class":113},[47,58781,132],{"class":61},[20,58783,372],{},[38,58785,58786],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58787,58788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58789,58790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58791,47034],{"class":349},[33,58793,1216,58795],{"id":58794},"when-to-use-count",[15,58796,57711],{},[20,58798,156,58799,58801],{},[15,58800,57711],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58803,58804],{},"Good use cases:",[174,58806,58807,58810,58813],{},[177,58808,58809],{},"counting one specific item",[177,58811,58812],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[177,58814,58815],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58817,603],{},[38,58819,58821],{"className":40,"code":58820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58822,58823,58864,58888,58892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58824,58825,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58826,58827],{"class":53},"votes ",[47,58829,58],{"class":57},[47,58831,62],{"class":61},[47,58833,66],{"class":65},[47,58835,9303],{"class":69},[47,58837,66],{"class":65},[47,58839,75],{"class":61},[47,58841,78],{"class":65},[47,58843,9242],{"class":69},[47,58845,66],{"class":65},[47,58847,75],{"class":61},[47,58849,78],{"class":65},[47,58851,9303],{"class":69},[47,58853,66],{"class":65},[47,58855,75],{"class":61},[47,58857,78],{"class":65},[47,58859,9303],{"class":69},[47,58861,66],{"class":65},[47,58863,95],{"class":61},[47,58865,58866,58869,58871,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58867,58868],{"class":53},"yes_votes ",[47,58870,58],{"class":57},[47,58872,58873],{"class":53}," votes",[47,58875,110],{"class":61},[47,58877,41674],{"class":113},[47,58879,117],{"class":61},[47,58881,66],{"class":65},[47,58883,9303],{"class":69},[47,58885,66],{"class":65},[47,58887,132],{"class":61},[47,58889,58890],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,58891,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,58893,58894,58896,58898,58901],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,58895,139],{"class":138},[47,58897,117],{"class":61},[47,58899,58900],{"class":113},"yes_votes",[47,58902,132],{"class":61},[20,58904,58905,58907],{},[15,58906,57711],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58909,58910,58911,5036,58913,110],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[210,58912,53191],{"href":51398},[210,58914,58916],{"href":58915},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[33,58918,1641],{"id":1640},[20,58920,9092,58921,110],{},[15,58922,57716],{},[244,58924,58926],{"id":58925},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58928,58929,58931],{},[15,58930,57716],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[38,58933,58935],{"className":40,"code":58934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58936,58937,58970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58938,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58940,4711],{"class":53},[47,58942,58],{"class":57},[47,58944,62],{"class":61},[47,58946,66],{"class":65},[47,58948,58949],{"class":69},"apple pie",[47,58951,66],{"class":65},[47,58953,75],{"class":61},[47,58955,78],{"class":65},[47,58957,4729],{"class":69},[47,58959,66],{"class":65},[47,58961,75],{"class":61},[47,58963,78],{"class":65},[47,58965,58949],{"class":69},[47,58967,66],{"class":65},[47,58969,95],{"class":61},[47,58971,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,58973,139],{"class":138},[47,58975,117],{"class":61},[47,58977,4755],{"class":113},[47,58979,110],{"class":61},[47,58981,41674],{"class":113},[47,58983,117],{"class":61},[47,58985,66],{"class":65},[47,58987,4720],{"class":69},[47,58989,66],{"class":65},[47,58991,6006],{"class":61},[47,58993,51666],{"class":152},[20,58995,3139,58996,3143],{},[15,58997,436],{},[20,58999,29466,59000,59002,59003,110],{},[15,59001,58254],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59004,59005],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59007,59008,59009,110],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59010,59011],{},"str.count()",[244,59013,1968,59015,9100,59017,3530,59019],{"id":59014},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59016,57711],{},[15,59018,4255],{},[15,59020,4326],{},[20,59022,59023,59025],{},[15,59024,57711],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[38,59027,59029],{"className":40,"code":59028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59030,59031,59055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59032,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59034,4270],{"class":53},[47,59036,58],{"class":57},[47,59038,62],{"class":61},[47,59040,917],{"class":349},[47,59042,75],{"class":61},[47,59044,2409],{"class":349},[47,59046,75],{"class":61},[47,59048,2409],{"class":349},[47,59050,75],{"class":61},[47,59052,2414],{"class":349},[47,59054,95],{"class":61},[47,59056,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59058,139],{"class":138},[47,59060,117],{"class":61},[47,59062,4300],{"class":113},[47,59064,110],{"class":61},[47,59066,41674],{"class":113},[47,59068,117],{"class":61},[47,59070,2705],{"class":349},[47,59072,6006],{"class":61},[47,59074,51834],{"class":152},[20,59076,59077],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[38,59079,59081],{"className":40,"code":59080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59082,59083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59084,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59086,139],{"class":138},[47,59088,117],{"class":61},[47,59090,2705],{"class":349},[47,59092,21575],{"class":1107},[47,59094,4905],{"class":113},[47,59096,4313],{"class":61},[47,59098,4316],{"class":152},[244,59100,59102],{"id":59101},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[38,59104,59106],{"className":40,"code":59105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59107,59108,59141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59109,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59137,59139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59111,5638],{"class":53},[47,59113,58],{"class":57},[47,59115,62],{"class":61},[47,59117,66],{"class":65},[47,59119,8322],{"class":69},[47,59121,66],{"class":65},[47,59123,75],{"class":61},[47,59125,78],{"class":65},[47,59127,20619],{"class":69},[47,59129,66],{"class":65},[47,59131,75],{"class":61},[47,59133,78],{"class":65},[47,59135,59136],{"class":69},"SAM",[47,59138,66],{"class":65},[47,59140,95],{"class":61},[47,59142,59143,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59144,139],{"class":138},[47,59146,117],{"class":61},[47,59148,5682],{"class":113},[47,59150,110],{"class":61},[47,59152,41674],{"class":113},[47,59154,117],{"class":61},[47,59156,66],{"class":65},[47,59158,20619],{"class":69},[47,59160,66],{"class":65},[47,59162,6006],{"class":61},[47,59164,28184],{"class":152},[20,59166,59167,59168,59171],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59169,59170],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[244,59173,30055,59175,33956],{"id":59174},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59176,57711],{},[20,59178,59179],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[38,59181,59183],{"className":40,"code":59182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59184,59185,59195,59209,59227,59241,59253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59186,59187,59189,59191,59193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59188,139],{"class":138},[47,59190,117],{"class":61},[47,59192,8985],{"class":113},[47,59194,132],{"class":61},[47,59196,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59198,139],{"class":138},[47,59200,117],{"class":61},[47,59202,2392],{"class":106},[47,59204,117],{"class":61},[47,59206,8985],{"class":113},[47,59208,2266],{"class":61},[47,59210,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,59212,139],{"class":138},[47,59214,117],{"class":61},[47,59216,8985],{"class":113},[47,59218,110],{"class":61},[47,59220,41674],{"class":113},[47,59222,117],{"class":61},[47,59224,259],{"class":113},[47,59226,2266],{"class":61},[47,59228,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,59230,139],{"class":138},[47,59232,117],{"class":61},[47,59234,3098],{"class":113},[47,59236,1114],{"class":1107},[47,59238,9042],{"class":113},[47,59240,132],{"class":61},[47,59242,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,59244,6601],{"class":1107},[47,59246,6604],{"class":53},[47,59248,1114],{"class":1107},[47,59250,9042],{"class":53},[47,59252,7038],{"class":61},[47,59254,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,59256,8715],{"class":138},[47,59258,117],{"class":61},[47,59260,42194],{"class":138},[47,59262,117],{"class":61},[47,59264,23713],{"class":113},[47,59266,2266],{"class":61},[20,59268,59269],{},"These checks can help you see:",[174,59271,59272,59275,59278],{},[177,59273,59274],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[177,59276,59277],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[177,59279,59280],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59282,59283],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[174,59285,59286,59291,59294,59301],{},[177,59287,50910,59288,59290],{},[15,59289,57711],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[177,59292,59293],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[177,59295,11743,59296,59298,59299],{},[15,59297,57716],{}," with string ",[15,59300,57711],{},[177,59302,59303],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[33,59305,2429],{"id":2428},[244,59307,2433,59309,59311],{"id":59308},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59310,57716],{}," change the list?",[20,59313,59314],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[244,59316,59318],{"id":59317},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59320,12541,59321,110],{},[15,59322,436],{},[244,59324,5813,59326,59328],{"id":59325},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59327,57716],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59330,59331],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[244,59333,15516,59335,59337],{"id":59334},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59336,57716],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59339,42567,59340,5036,59342,59344],{},[15,59341,58257],{},[15,59343,58254],{}," are different values.",[244,59346,5801,59348,59350,59351,3143],{"id":59347},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59349,4255],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59352,917],{},[20,59354,9431,59355,59357,59358,5036,59360,59357,59362,110],{},[15,59356,4255],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59359,917],{},[15,59361,4326],{},[15,59363,436],{},[33,59365,2526],{"id":2525},[174,59367,59368,59372,59378,59382,59390,59397],{},[177,59369,59370],{},[210,59371,53191],{"href":51398},[177,59373,59374],{},[210,59375,59377],{"href":59376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[177,59379,59380],{},[210,59381,7580],{"href":6841},[177,59383,59384],{},[210,59385,55940,59387,1637],{"href":59386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59388,59389],{},"index()",[177,59391,59392],{},[210,59393,4226,59395],{"href":59394},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59396,42776],{},[177,59398,59399],{},[210,59400,59401],{"href":58915},"What is a list in Python",[2563,59403,59404],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":59406},[59407,59408,59410,59411,59412,59418,59424,59426,59434,59445],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":57808,"depth":98,"text":59409},"What list.count() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":38432,"depth":98,"text":38433},{"id":58130,"depth":98,"text":58131,"children":59413},[59414,59415,59417],{"id":58162,"depth":135,"text":58163},{"id":58261,"depth":135,"text":59416},"1 and True can match",{"id":58360,"depth":135,"text":58361},{"id":58438,"depth":98,"text":58439,"children":59419},[59420,59421,59422,59423],{"id":58442,"depth":135,"text":58443},{"id":58521,"depth":135,"text":58522},{"id":58618,"depth":135,"text":58619},{"id":58693,"depth":135,"text":58694},{"id":58794,"depth":98,"text":59425},"When to use count()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":59427},[59428,59429,59431,59432],{"id":58925,"depth":135,"text":58926},{"id":59014,"depth":135,"text":59430},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59101,"depth":135,"text":59102},{"id":59174,"depth":135,"text":59433},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":59435},[59436,59438,59439,59441,59443],{"id":59308,"depth":135,"text":59437},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59317,"depth":135,"text":59318},{"id":59325,"depth":135,"text":59440},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59334,"depth":135,"text":59442},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59347,"depth":135,"text":59444},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57703,"description":59446},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59453,"title":59454,"body":59455,"description":61418,"extension":2611,"meta":61419,"navigation":357,"path":61420,"seo":61421,"stem":61422,"__hash__":61423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59456,"toc":61381},[59457,59460,59463,59465,59593,59597,59678,59689,59691,59710,59714,59717,59720,59738,59740,59783,59787,59812,59821,59825,59830,59833,59950,59954,60023,60027,60039,60043,60046,60087,60091,60104,60107,60192,60196,60229,60236,60242,60247,60249,60261,60265,60298,60302,60334,60338,60375,60379,60399,60403,60437,60441,60470,60481,60485,60488,60491,60504,60561,60565,60604,60610,60613,60615,60618,60622,60625,60650,60652,60677,60684,60687,60732,60736,60755,60758,60797,60804,60809,60843,60847,60948,60955,60988,60992,61018,61022,61025,61063,61066,61103,61107,61110,61129,61133,61194,61196,61214,61218,61221,61224,61253,61255,61259,61262,61270,61274,61277,61297,61303,61309,61313,61316,61323,61331,61333,61372,61378],[10,59458,59454],{"id":59459},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59461,59462],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[33,59464,4260],{"id":4259},[38,59466,59468],{"className":40,"code":59467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59469,59470,59490,59522,59530,59548,59552,59562,59572,59583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59471,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59473,4270],{"class":53},[47,59475,58],{"class":57},[47,59477,62],{"class":61},[47,59479,917],{"class":349},[47,59481,75],{"class":61},[47,59483,2409],{"class":349},[47,59485,75],{"class":61},[47,59487,2414],{"class":349},[47,59489,95],{"class":61},[47,59491,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59493,5638],{"class":53},[47,59495,58],{"class":57},[47,59497,62],{"class":61},[47,59499,66],{"class":65},[47,59501,13508],{"class":69},[47,59503,66],{"class":65},[47,59505,75],{"class":61},[47,59507,78],{"class":65},[47,59509,36351],{"class":69},[47,59511,66],{"class":65},[47,59513,75],{"class":61},[47,59515,78],{"class":65},[47,59517,36360],{"class":69},[47,59519,66],{"class":65},[47,59521,95],{"class":61},[47,59523,59524,59526,59528],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,59525,56351],{"class":53},[47,59527,58],{"class":57},[47,59529,8485],{"class":61},[47,59531,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,59533,36501],{"class":53},[47,59535,58],{"class":57},[47,59537,22962],{"class":106},[47,59539,117],{"class":61},[47,59541,66],{"class":65},[47,59543,41975],{"class":69},[47,59545,66],{"class":65},[47,59547,132],{"class":61},[47,59549,59550],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,59551,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,59553,59554,59556,59558,59560],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,59555,139],{"class":138},[47,59557,117],{"class":61},[47,59559,4300],{"class":113},[47,59561,132],{"class":61},[47,59563,59564,59566,59568,59570],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,59565,139],{"class":138},[47,59567,117],{"class":61},[47,59569,5682],{"class":113},[47,59571,132],{"class":61},[47,59573,59574,59576,59578,59581],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,59575,139],{"class":138},[47,59577,117],{"class":61},[47,59579,59580],{"class":113},"empty_list",[47,59582,132],{"class":61},[47,59584,59585,59587,59589,59591],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,59586,139],{"class":138},[47,59588,117],{"class":61},[47,59590,36554],{"class":113},[47,59592,132],{"class":61},[20,59594,59595],{},[278,59596,372],{},[38,59598,59600],{"className":40,"code":59599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59601,59602,59618,59646,59650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59603,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59605,669],{"class":61},[47,59607,917],{"class":349},[47,59609,75],{"class":61},[47,59611,2409],{"class":349},[47,59613,75],{"class":61},[47,59615,2414],{"class":349},[47,59617,95],{"class":61},[47,59619,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59621,669],{"class":61},[47,59623,385],{"class":65},[47,59625,13508],{"class":69},[47,59627,385],{"class":65},[47,59629,75],{"class":61},[47,59631,398],{"class":65},[47,59633,36351],{"class":69},[47,59635,385],{"class":65},[47,59637,75],{"class":61},[47,59639,398],{"class":65},[47,59641,36360],{"class":69},[47,59643,385],{"class":65},[47,59645,95],{"class":61},[47,59647,59648],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,59649,38710],{"class":61},[47,59651,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,59653,669],{"class":61},[47,59655,385],{"class":65},[47,59657,210],{"class":69},[47,59659,385],{"class":65},[47,59661,75],{"class":61},[47,59663,398],{"class":65},[47,59665,854],{"class":69},[47,59667,385],{"class":65},[47,59669,75],{"class":61},[47,59671,398],{"class":65},[47,59673,863],{"class":69},[47,59675,385],{"class":65},[47,59677,95],{"class":61},[20,59679,59680,59681,59683,59684,59686,59687,110],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59682,805],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59685,25184],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59688,36609],{},[33,59690,15773],{"id":15772},[174,59692,59693,59696,59699,59702,59707],{},[177,59694,59695],{},"What a list is in Python",[177,59697,59698],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[177,59700,59701],{},"How to create an empty list",[177,59703,59704,59705,2953],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59706,25184],{},[177,59708,59709],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[33,59711,59713],{"id":59712},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59715,59716],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59718,59719],{},"This means:",[174,59721,59722,59725,59728,59731],{},[177,59723,59724],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[177,59726,59727],{},"The order of items is kept",[177,59729,59730],{},"A list can hold different data types",[177,59732,59733,59734,59737],{},"A list is ",[278,59735,59736],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59739,603],{},[38,59741,59743],{"className":40,"code":59742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59744,59745,59769,59773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59746,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59748,8425],{"class":53},[47,59750,58],{"class":57},[47,59752,62],{"class":61},[47,59754,66],{"class":65},[47,59756,4720],{"class":69},[47,59758,66],{"class":65},[47,59760,75],{"class":61},[47,59762,6648],{"class":349},[47,59764,75],{"class":61},[47,59766,1444],{"class":559},[47,59768,95],{"class":61},[47,59770,59771],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59772,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,59774,59775,59777,59779,59781],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,59776,139],{"class":138},[47,59778,117],{"class":61},[47,59780,8456],{"class":113},[47,59782,132],{"class":61},[20,59784,59785],{},[278,59786,372],{},[38,59788,59790],{"className":40,"code":59789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59791,59792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59793,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59795,669],{"class":61},[47,59797,385],{"class":65},[47,59799,4720],{"class":69},[47,59801,385],{"class":65},[47,59803,75],{"class":61},[47,59805,6648],{"class":349},[47,59807,75],{"class":61},[47,59809,1444],{"class":559},[47,59811,95],{"class":61},[20,59813,59814,59815,3530,59818,110],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[210,59816,59817],{"href":51398},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[210,59819,59820],{"href":58915},"What is a List in Python?",[33,59822,59824],{"id":59823},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59826,59680,59827,59829],{},[15,59828,805],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59831,59832],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[38,59834,59836],{"className":40,"code":59835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59837,59838,59858,59890,59915,59919,59929,59939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59839,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59841,4270],{"class":53},[47,59843,58],{"class":57},[47,59845,62],{"class":61},[47,59847,917],{"class":349},[47,59849,75],{"class":61},[47,59851,2409],{"class":349},[47,59853,75],{"class":61},[47,59855,2414],{"class":349},[47,59857,95],{"class":61},[47,59859,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59861,5638],{"class":53},[47,59863,58],{"class":57},[47,59865,62],{"class":61},[47,59867,66],{"class":65},[47,59869,13508],{"class":69},[47,59871,66],{"class":65},[47,59873,75],{"class":61},[47,59875,78],{"class":65},[47,59877,36351],{"class":69},[47,59879,66],{"class":65},[47,59881,75],{"class":61},[47,59883,78],{"class":65},[47,59885,36360],{"class":69},[47,59887,66],{"class":65},[47,59889,95],{"class":61},[47,59891,59892,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,59893,59894],{"class":53},"mixed ",[47,59896,58],{"class":57},[47,59898,62],{"class":61},[47,59900,2981],{"class":349},[47,59902,75],{"class":61},[47,59904,78],{"class":65},[47,59906,4492],{"class":69},[47,59908,66],{"class":65},[47,59910,75],{"class":61},[47,59912,1288],{"class":559},[47,59914,95],{"class":61},[47,59916,59917],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,59918,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,59920,59921,59923,59925,59927],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,59922,139],{"class":138},[47,59924,117],{"class":61},[47,59926,4300],{"class":113},[47,59928,132],{"class":61},[47,59930,59931,59933,59935,59937],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,59932,139],{"class":138},[47,59934,117],{"class":61},[47,59936,5682],{"class":113},[47,59938,132],{"class":61},[47,59940,59941,59943,59945,59948],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,59942,139],{"class":138},[47,59944,117],{"class":61},[47,59946,59947],{"class":113},"mixed",[47,59949,132],{"class":61},[20,59951,59952],{},[278,59953,372],{},[38,59955,59957],{"className":40,"code":59956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59958,59959,59975,60003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59960,59961,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59962,669],{"class":61},[47,59964,917],{"class":349},[47,59966,75],{"class":61},[47,59968,2409],{"class":349},[47,59970,75],{"class":61},[47,59972,2414],{"class":349},[47,59974,95],{"class":61},[47,59976,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,59978,669],{"class":61},[47,59980,385],{"class":65},[47,59982,13508],{"class":69},[47,59984,385],{"class":65},[47,59986,75],{"class":61},[47,59988,398],{"class":65},[47,59990,36351],{"class":69},[47,59992,385],{"class":65},[47,59994,75],{"class":61},[47,59996,398],{"class":65},[47,59998,36360],{"class":69},[47,60000,385],{"class":65},[47,60002,95],{"class":61},[47,60004,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,60006,669],{"class":61},[47,60008,2981],{"class":349},[47,60010,75],{"class":61},[47,60012,398],{"class":65},[47,60014,4492],{"class":69},[47,60016,385],{"class":65},[47,60018,75],{"class":61},[47,60020,1288],{"class":559},[47,60022,95],{"class":61},[244,60024,60026],{"id":60025},"key-points","Key points",[174,60028,60029,60034,60036],{},[177,60030,156,60031,60033],{},[15,60032,805],{}," to make a new list",[177,60035,16042],{},[177,60037,60038],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[33,60040,60042],{"id":60041},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60044,60045],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[38,60047,60049],{"className":40,"code":60048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60050,60051,60059,60063,60073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60052,60053,60055,60057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60054,8954],{"class":53},[47,60056,58],{"class":57},[47,60058,8485],{"class":61},[47,60060,60061],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60062,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,60064,60065,60067,60069,60071],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,60066,139],{"class":138},[47,60068,117],{"class":61},[47,60070,8985],{"class":113},[47,60072,132],{"class":61},[47,60074,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,60076,139],{"class":138},[47,60078,117],{"class":61},[47,60080,11798],{"class":138},[47,60082,117],{"class":61},[47,60084,8985],{"class":113},[47,60086,2266],{"class":61},[20,60088,60089],{},[278,60090,372],{},[38,60092,60094],{"className":40,"code":60093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[]\n0\n",[15,60095,60096,60100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60097,60098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60099,38710],{"class":61},[47,60101,60102],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60103,47669],{"class":349},[20,60105,60106],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[38,60108,60110],{"className":40,"code":60109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60111,60112,60120,60124,60142,60160,60178,60182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60113,60114,60116,60118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60115,5638],{"class":53},[47,60117,58],{"class":57},[47,60119,8485],{"class":61},[47,60121,60122],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60123,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,60125,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,60127,5682],{"class":53},[47,60129,110],{"class":61},[47,60131,912],{"class":113},[47,60133,117],{"class":61},[47,60135,66],{"class":65},[47,60137,13508],{"class":69},[47,60139,66],{"class":65},[47,60141,132],{"class":61},[47,60143,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,60145,5682],{"class":53},[47,60147,110],{"class":61},[47,60149,912],{"class":113},[47,60151,117],{"class":61},[47,60153,66],{"class":65},[47,60155,36351],{"class":69},[47,60157,66],{"class":65},[47,60159,132],{"class":61},[47,60161,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,60163,5682],{"class":53},[47,60165,110],{"class":61},[47,60167,912],{"class":113},[47,60169,117],{"class":61},[47,60171,66],{"class":65},[47,60173,36360],{"class":69},[47,60175,66],{"class":65},[47,60177,132],{"class":61},[47,60179,60180],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,60181,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,60183,60184,60186,60188,60190],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,60185,139],{"class":138},[47,60187,117],{"class":61},[47,60189,5682],{"class":113},[47,60191,132],{"class":61},[20,60193,60194],{},[278,60195,372],{},[38,60197,60199],{"className":40,"code":60198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60200,60201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60202,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60204,669],{"class":61},[47,60206,385],{"class":65},[47,60208,13508],{"class":69},[47,60210,385],{"class":65},[47,60212,75],{"class":61},[47,60214,398],{"class":65},[47,60216,36351],{"class":69},[47,60218,385],{"class":65},[47,60220,75],{"class":61},[47,60222,398],{"class":65},[47,60224,36360],{"class":69},[47,60226,385],{"class":65},[47,60228,95],{"class":61},[20,60230,60231,60232,110],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[210,60233,60234,1637],{"href":57189},[15,60235,53072],{},[33,60237,60239,60240],{"id":60238},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60241,25184],{},[20,60243,156,60244,60246],{},[15,60245,25184],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60248,6102],{},[174,60250,60251,60253,60255,60257],{},[177,60252,5953],{},[177,60254,5947],{},[177,60256,5950],{},[177,60258,60259],{},[15,60260,36609],{},[244,60262,60264],{"id":60263},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[38,60266,60268],{"className":40,"code":60267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60269,60270,60288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60271,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60273,36501],{"class":53},[47,60275,58],{"class":57},[47,60277,22962],{"class":106},[47,60279,117],{"class":61},[47,60281,66],{"class":65},[47,60283,41975],{"class":69},[47,60285,66],{"class":65},[47,60287,132],{"class":61},[47,60289,60290,60292,60294,60296],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60291,139],{"class":138},[47,60293,117],{"class":61},[47,60295,36554],{"class":113},[47,60297,132],{"class":61},[20,60299,60300],{},[278,60301,372],{},[38,60303,60304],{"className":40,"code":43291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60305,60306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60307,60308,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60309,669],{"class":61},[47,60311,385],{"class":65},[47,60313,210],{"class":69},[47,60315,385],{"class":65},[47,60317,75],{"class":61},[47,60319,398],{"class":65},[47,60321,854],{"class":69},[47,60323,385],{"class":65},[47,60325,75],{"class":61},[47,60327,398],{"class":65},[47,60329,863],{"class":69},[47,60331,385],{"class":65},[47,60333,95],{"class":61},[244,60335,60337],{"id":60336},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[38,60339,60341],{"className":40,"code":60340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60342,60343,60365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60344,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60346,4270],{"class":53},[47,60348,58],{"class":57},[47,60350,22962],{"class":106},[47,60352,6155],{"class":61},[47,60354,917],{"class":349},[47,60356,75],{"class":61},[47,60358,2409],{"class":349},[47,60360,75],{"class":61},[47,60362,2414],{"class":349},[47,60364,2266],{"class":61},[47,60366,60367,60369,60371,60373],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60368,139],{"class":138},[47,60370,117],{"class":61},[47,60372,4300],{"class":113},[47,60374,132],{"class":61},[20,60376,60377],{},[278,60378,372],{},[38,60380,60381],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60382,60383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60384,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60386,669],{"class":61},[47,60388,917],{"class":349},[47,60390,75],{"class":61},[47,60392,2409],{"class":349},[47,60394,75],{"class":61},[47,60396,2414],{"class":349},[47,60398,95],{"class":61},[244,60400,60402],{"id":60401},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[38,60404,60406],{"className":40,"code":60405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60407,60408,60427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60409,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60421,60423,60425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60411,4470],{"class":53},[47,60413,58],{"class":57},[47,60415,22962],{"class":106},[47,60417,117],{"class":61},[47,60419,60420],{"class":138},"range",[47,60422,117],{"class":61},[47,60424,2784],{"class":349},[47,60426,2266],{"class":61},[47,60428,60429,60431,60433,60435],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60430,139],{"class":138},[47,60432,117],{"class":61},[47,60434,6003],{"class":113},[47,60436,132],{"class":61},[20,60438,60439],{},[278,60440,372],{},[38,60442,60444],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60445,60446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60447,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60449,669],{"class":61},[47,60451,436],{"class":349},[47,60453,75],{"class":61},[47,60455,2002],{"class":349},[47,60457,75],{"class":61},[47,60459,2409],{"class":349},[47,60461,75],{"class":61},[47,60463,2414],{"class":349},[47,60465,75],{"class":61},[47,60467,3108],{"class":349},[47,60469,95],{"class":61},[20,60471,60472,60474,60475,110],{},[15,60473,25184],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[210,60476,60478,60480],{"href":60477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60479,25184],{},": Function Explained",[33,60482,60484],{"id":60483},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60486,60487],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60489,60490],{},"Examples include:",[174,60492,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501],{},[177,60494,5953],{},[177,60496,40838],{},[177,60498,52465],{},[177,60500,41008],{},[177,60502,60503],{},"other lists",[38,60505,60507],{"className":40,"code":60506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60508,60509,60547,60551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60510,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60512,872],{"class":53},[47,60514,58],{"class":57},[47,60516,62],{"class":61},[47,60518,66],{"class":65},[47,60520,13508],{"class":69},[47,60522,66],{"class":65},[47,60524,75],{"class":61},[47,60526,9946],{"class":349},[47,60528,75],{"class":61},[47,60530,1444],{"class":559},[47,60532,75],{"class":61},[47,60534,62],{"class":61},[47,60536,917],{"class":349},[47,60538,75],{"class":61},[47,60540,2409],{"class":349},[47,60542,75],{"class":61},[47,60544,2414],{"class":349},[47,60546,53662],{"class":61},[47,60548,60549],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60550,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,60552,60553,60555,60557,60559],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,60554,139],{"class":138},[47,60556,117],{"class":61},[47,60558,898],{"class":113},[47,60560,132],{"class":61},[20,60562,60563],{},[278,60564,372],{},[38,60566,60568],{"className":40,"code":60567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60569,60570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60571,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60573,669],{"class":61},[47,60575,385],{"class":65},[47,60577,13508],{"class":69},[47,60579,385],{"class":65},[47,60581,75],{"class":61},[47,60583,9946],{"class":349},[47,60585,75],{"class":61},[47,60587,1444],{"class":559},[47,60589,75],{"class":61},[47,60591,62],{"class":61},[47,60593,917],{"class":349},[47,60595,75],{"class":61},[47,60597,2409],{"class":349},[47,60599,75],{"class":61},[47,60601,2414],{"class":349},[47,60603,53662],{"class":61},[20,60605,60606,60607,110],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[278,60608,60609],{},"nested list",[20,60611,60612],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[33,60614,5162],{"id":5161},[20,60616,60617],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[244,60619,60621],{"id":60620},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60623,60624],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[38,60626,60628],{"className":40,"code":60627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60629,60630,60634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60631,60632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60633,5179],{"class":152},[47,60635,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644,60646,60648],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60637,4270],{"class":53},[47,60639,58],{"class":57},[47,60641,62],{"class":61},[47,60643,917],{"class":349},[47,60645,2409],{"class":349},[47,60647,2414],{"class":349},[47,60649,95],{"class":61},[20,60651,11443],{},[38,60653,60655],{"className":40,"code":60654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60656,60657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60658,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60660,4270],{"class":53},[47,60662,58],{"class":57},[47,60664,62],{"class":61},[47,60666,917],{"class":349},[47,60668,75],{"class":61},[47,60670,2409],{"class":349},[47,60672,75],{"class":61},[47,60674,2414],{"class":349},[47,60676,95],{"class":61},[244,60678,453,60680,11728,60682],{"id":60679},"using-instead-of",[15,60681,8011],{},[15,60683,805],{},[20,60685,60686],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[38,60688,60690],{"className":40,"code":60689,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60691,60692,60713,60717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60693,60694,60697,60699,60701,60703,60705,60707,60709,60711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60695,60696],{"class":53},"my_values ",[47,60698,58],{"class":57},[47,60700,9878],{"class":61},[47,60702,917],{"class":349},[47,60704,75],{"class":61},[47,60706,2409],{"class":349},[47,60708,75],{"class":61},[47,60710,2414],{"class":349},[47,60712,132],{"class":61},[47,60714,60715],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60716,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,60718,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60730],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,60720,139],{"class":138},[47,60722,117],{"class":61},[47,60724,2392],{"class":106},[47,60726,117],{"class":61},[47,60728,60729],{"class":113},"my_values",[47,60731,2266],{"class":61},[20,60733,60734],{},[278,60735,372],{},[38,60737,60739],{"className":40,"code":60738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60740,60741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60742,60743,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60744,3941],{"class":57},[47,60746,3944],{"class":2714},[47,60748,398],{"class":65},[47,60750,49371],{"class":69},[47,60752,385],{"class":65},[47,60754,3953],{"class":57},[20,60756,60757],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[38,60759,60761],{"className":40,"code":60760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60762,60763,60783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60764,60765,60767,60769,60771,60773,60775,60777,60779,60781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60766,60696],{"class":53},[47,60768,58],{"class":57},[47,60770,62],{"class":61},[47,60772,917],{"class":349},[47,60774,75],{"class":61},[47,60776,2409],{"class":349},[47,60778,75],{"class":61},[47,60780,2414],{"class":349},[47,60782,95],{"class":61},[47,60784,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60786,139],{"class":138},[47,60788,117],{"class":61},[47,60790,2392],{"class":106},[47,60792,117],{"class":61},[47,60794,60729],{"class":113},[47,60796,2266],{"class":61},[244,60798,1968,60800,60803],{"id":60799},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60801,60802],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60805,60806,60808],{},[15,60807,25184],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[38,60810,60812],{"className":40,"code":60811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60813,60814,60833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60815,60816,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60829,60831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60817,2879],{"class":53},[47,60819,58],{"class":57},[47,60821,22962],{"class":106},[47,60823,117],{"class":61},[47,60825,66],{"class":65},[47,60827,60828],{"class":69},"hello world",[47,60830,66],{"class":65},[47,60832,132],{"class":61},[47,60834,60835,60837,60839,60841],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60836,139],{"class":138},[47,60838,117],{"class":61},[47,60840,2914],{"class":113},[47,60842,132],{"class":61},[20,60844,60845],{},[278,60846,372],{},[38,60848,60850],{"className":40,"code":60849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60851,60852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60853,60854,60856,60858,60861,60863,60865,60867,60870,60872,60874,60876,60879,60881,60883,60885,60887,60889,60891,60893,60896,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60911,60913,60915,60917,60919,60921,60923,60925,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60855,669],{"class":61},[47,60857,385],{"class":65},[47,60859,60860],{"class":69},"h",[47,60862,385],{"class":65},[47,60864,75],{"class":61},[47,60866,398],{"class":65},[47,60868,60869],{"class":69},"e",[47,60871,385],{"class":65},[47,60873,75],{"class":61},[47,60875,398],{"class":65},[47,60877,60878],{"class":69},"l",[47,60880,385],{"class":65},[47,60882,75],{"class":61},[47,60884,398],{"class":65},[47,60886,60878],{"class":69},[47,60888,385],{"class":65},[47,60890,75],{"class":61},[47,60892,398],{"class":65},[47,60894,60895],{"class":69},"o",[47,60897,385],{"class":65},[47,60899,75],{"class":61},[47,60901,398],{"class":65},[47,60903,398],{"class":65},[47,60905,75],{"class":61},[47,60907,398],{"class":65},[47,60909,60910],{"class":69},"w",[47,60912,385],{"class":65},[47,60914,75],{"class":61},[47,60916,398],{"class":65},[47,60918,60895],{"class":69},[47,60920,385],{"class":65},[47,60922,75],{"class":61},[47,60924,398],{"class":65},[47,60926,60927],{"class":69},"r",[47,60929,385],{"class":65},[47,60931,75],{"class":61},[47,60933,398],{"class":65},[47,60935,60878],{"class":69},[47,60937,385],{"class":65},[47,60939,75],{"class":61},[47,60941,398],{"class":65},[47,60943,1693],{"class":69},[47,60945,385],{"class":65},[47,60947,95],{"class":61},[20,60949,60950,60951,60954],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60952,60953],{},"split()"," instead:",[38,60956,60958],{"className":40,"code":60957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60959,60960,60978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60961,60962,60964,60966,60968,60970,60972,60974,60976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60963,4711],{"class":53},[47,60965,58],{"class":57},[47,60967,78],{"class":65},[47,60969,60828],{"class":69},[47,60971,66],{"class":65},[47,60973,110],{"class":61},[47,60975,34877],{"class":113},[47,60977,9288],{"class":61},[47,60979,60980,60982,60984,60986],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,60981,139],{"class":138},[47,60983,117],{"class":61},[47,60985,4755],{"class":113},[47,60987,132],{"class":61},[20,60989,60990],{},[278,60991,372],{},[38,60993,60995],{"className":40,"code":60994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60996,60997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60998,60999,61001,61003,61005,61007,61009,61011,61014,61016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61000,669],{"class":61},[47,61002,385],{"class":65},[47,61004,4492],{"class":69},[47,61006,385],{"class":65},[47,61008,75],{"class":61},[47,61010,398],{"class":65},[47,61012,61013],{"class":69},"world",[47,61015,385],{"class":65},[47,61017,95],{"class":61},[244,61019,61021],{"id":61020},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61023,61024],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[38,61026,61028],{"className":40,"code":61027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61029,61030,61034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61031,61032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61033,5179],{"class":152},[47,61035,61036,61038,61040,61042,61044,61046,61048,61050,61052,61055,61057,61059,61061],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,61037,5638],{"class":53},[47,61039,58],{"class":57},[47,61041,62],{"class":61},[47,61043,66],{"class":65},[47,61045,13508],{"class":69},[47,61047,66],{"class":65},[47,61049,75],{"class":61},[47,61051,78],{"class":65},[47,61053,61054],{"class":69},"Ben', ",[47,61056,66],{"class":65},[47,61058,36360],{"class":53},[47,61060,66],{"class":65},[47,61062,95],{"class":69},[20,61064,61065],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[38,61067,61069],{"className":40,"code":61068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61070,61071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61072,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097,61099,61101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61074,5638],{"class":53},[47,61076,58],{"class":57},[47,61078,62],{"class":61},[47,61080,66],{"class":65},[47,61082,13508],{"class":69},[47,61084,66],{"class":65},[47,61086,75],{"class":61},[47,61088,78],{"class":65},[47,61090,36351],{"class":69},[47,61092,66],{"class":65},[47,61094,75],{"class":61},[47,61096,78],{"class":65},[47,61098,36360],{"class":69},[47,61100,66],{"class":65},[47,61102,95],{"class":61},[244,61104,61106],{"id":61105},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61108,61109],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[174,61111,61112,61115,61118,61123],{},[177,61113,61114],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[177,61116,61117],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[177,61119,61120,61121],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61122,25184],{},[177,61124,1968,61125,61128],{},[15,61126,61127],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[244,61130,61132],{"id":61131},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[38,61134,61136],{"className":40,"code":61135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61137,61138,61148,61162,61176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61139,61140,61142,61144,61146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61141,139],{"class":138},[47,61143,117],{"class":61},[47,61145,8985],{"class":113},[47,61147,132],{"class":61},[47,61149,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,61151,139],{"class":138},[47,61153,117],{"class":61},[47,61155,2392],{"class":106},[47,61157,117],{"class":61},[47,61159,8985],{"class":113},[47,61161,2266],{"class":61},[47,61163,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,61165,139],{"class":138},[47,61167,117],{"class":61},[47,61169,11798],{"class":138},[47,61171,117],{"class":61},[47,61173,8985],{"class":113},[47,61175,2266],{"class":61},[47,61177,61178,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190,61192],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,61179,139],{"class":138},[47,61181,117],{"class":61},[47,61183,1892],{"class":106},[47,61185,117],{"class":61},[47,61187,60420],{"class":138},[47,61189,117],{"class":61},[47,61191,2784],{"class":349},[47,61193,2425],{"class":61},[20,61195,26412],{},[174,61197,61198,61201,61204,61207],{},[177,61199,61200],{},"what the list contains",[177,61202,61203],{},"whether the value is really a list",[177,61205,61206],{},"how many items it has",[177,61208,26423,61209,61211,61212],{},[15,61210,25184],{}," does with ",[15,61213,36609],{},[33,61215,61217],{"id":61216},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61219,61220],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61222,61223],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[174,61225,61226,61241,61246],{},[177,61227,156,61228,2838,61232,17681,61236,61240],{},[210,61229,61230],{"href":57189},[15,61231,53072],{},[210,61233,61234],{"href":53764},[15,61235,53866],{},[210,61237,61238],{"href":54328},[15,61239,54688],{}," to add items later",[177,61242,156,61243,61245],{},[210,61244,59817],{"href":51398}," for a broader introduction",[177,61247,156,61248,61252],{},[210,61249,61250,60480],{"href":60477},[15,61251,25184],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[33,61254,2429],{"id":2428},[244,61256,61258],{"id":61257},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61260,61261],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[38,61263,61264],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61265,61266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61267,61268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61269,38710],{"class":61},[244,61271,61273],{"id":61272},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61275,61276],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[38,61278,61279],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61280,61281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61282,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61284,669],{"class":61},[47,61286,917],{"class":349},[47,61288,75],{"class":61},[47,61290,2409],{"class":349},[47,61292,75],{"class":61},[47,61294,2414],{"class":349},[47,61296,95],{"class":61},[244,61298,5785,61300,61302],{"id":61299},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61301,25184],{}," do in Python?",[20,61304,61305,61306,61308],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61307,36609],{},", into a list.",[244,61310,61312],{"id":61311},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61314,61315],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[244,61317,5823,61319,5036,61321,3143],{"id":61318},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61320,805],{},[15,61322,8011],{},[20,61324,61325,61327,61328,61330],{},[15,61326,805],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61329,8011],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[33,61332,2526],{"id":2525},[174,61334,61335,61339,61345,61351,61357,61363,61367],{},[177,61336,61337],{},[210,61338,59817],{"href":51398},[177,61340,61341],{},[210,61342,55940,61343,18],{"href":57189},[15,61344,53072],{},[177,61346,61347],{},[210,61348,55940,61349,18],{"href":53764},[15,61350,53866],{},[177,61352,61353],{},[210,61354,55940,61355,18],{"href":54328},[15,61356,54688],{},[177,61358,61359],{},[210,61360,4226,61361,4230],{"href":60477},[15,61362,25184],{},[177,61364,61365],{},[210,61366,59820],{"href":58915},[177,61368,61369],{},[210,61370,61371],{"href":12695},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61373,61374,61375,61377],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61376,53072],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2563,61379,61380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":61382},[61383,61384,61385,61386,61389,61390,61396,61397,61407,61408,61417],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":15772,"depth":98,"text":15773},{"id":59712,"depth":98,"text":59713},{"id":59823,"depth":98,"text":59824,"children":61387},[61388],{"id":60025,"depth":135,"text":60026},{"id":60041,"depth":98,"text":60042},{"id":60238,"depth":98,"text":61391,"children":61392},"Create a list with list()",[61393,61394,61395],{"id":60263,"depth":135,"text":60264},{"id":60336,"depth":135,"text":60337},{"id":60401,"depth":135,"text":60402},{"id":60483,"depth":98,"text":60484},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":61398},[61399,61400,61402,61404,61405,61406],{"id":60620,"depth":135,"text":60621},{"id":60679,"depth":135,"text":61401},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60799,"depth":135,"text":61403},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61020,"depth":135,"text":61021},{"id":61105,"depth":135,"text":61106},{"id":61131,"depth":135,"text":61132},{"id":61216,"depth":98,"text":61217},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":61409},[61410,61411,61412,61414,61415],{"id":61257,"depth":135,"text":61258},{"id":61272,"depth":135,"text":61273},{"id":61299,"depth":135,"text":61413},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61311,"depth":135,"text":61312},{"id":61318,"depth":135,"text":61416},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59454,"description":61418},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61425,"title":61426,"body":61427,"description":63168,"extension":2611,"meta":63169,"navigation":357,"path":63170,"seo":63171,"stem":63172,"__hash__":63173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61428,"toc":63123},[61429,61434,61439,61442,61444,61515,61520,61525,61529,61543,61548,61550,61570,61575,61578,61601,61605,61610,61702,61704,61726,61732,61738,61745,61752,61758,61815,61821,61879,61881,61893,61901,61907,61912,61916,61973,61976,61980,62039,62042,62046,62104,62116,62120,62173,62176,62180,62186,62192,62254,62257,62318,62321,62377,62382,62384,62388,62395,62456,62461,62470,62526,62533,62537,62595,62604,62662,62666,62701,62705,62715,62718,62773,62787,62790,62905,62910,62914,62925,62927,63006,63016,63018,63023,63028,63035,63043,63049,63052,63058,63061,63067,63073,63075,63111,63120],[10,61430,54762,61432,18],{"id":61431},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61433,53866],{},[20,61435,61436,61438],{},[15,61437,53767],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61440,61441],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[33,61443,36],{"id":35},[38,61445,61447],{"className":40,"code":61446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61448,61449,61465,61482,61486,61501,61511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61450,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461,61463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61452,4270],{"class":53},[47,61454,58],{"class":57},[47,61456,62],{"class":61},[47,61458,917],{"class":349},[47,61460,75],{"class":61},[47,61462,2409],{"class":349},[47,61464,95],{"class":61},[47,61466,61467,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,61468,61469],{"class":53},"more_numbers ",[47,61471,58],{"class":57},[47,61473,62],{"class":61},[47,61475,2711],{"class":349},[47,61477,75],{"class":61},[47,61479,3108],{"class":349},[47,61481,95],{"class":61},[47,61483,61484],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,61485,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,61487,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61499],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,61489,4300],{"class":53},[47,61491,110],{"class":61},[47,61493,53896],{"class":113},[47,61495,117],{"class":61},[47,61497,61498],{"class":113},"more_numbers",[47,61500,132],{"class":61},[47,61502,61503,61505,61507,61509],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,61504,139],{"class":138},[47,61506,117],{"class":61},[47,61508,4300],{"class":113},[47,61510,132],{"class":61},[47,61512,61513],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,61514,53143],{"class":152},[20,61516,156,61517,61519],{},[15,61518,53866],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[33,61521,164,61523,167],{"id":61522},"what-listextend-does",[15,61524,53767],{},[20,61526,61527,172],{},[15,61528,53866],{},[174,61530,61531,61534,61536,61539],{},[177,61532,61533],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[177,61535,54848],{},[177,61537,61538],{},"Does not create a new list",[177,61540,12057,61541],{},[15,61542,269],{},[20,61544,61545,61546,54221],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61547,53866],{},[33,61549,2806],{"id":2805},[38,61551,61553],{"className":40,"code":61552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61554,61555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61556,61557,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61558,61559],{"class":53},"list_name",[47,61561,110],{"class":61},[47,61563,53896],{"class":113},[47,61565,117],{"class":61},[47,61567,235],{"class":113},[47,61569,132],{"class":61},[20,61571,6097,61572,61574],{},[278,61573,235],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61576,61577],{},"Common iterables include:",[174,61579,61580,61584,61588,61592,61597],{},[177,61581,61582],{},[15,61583,1892],{},[177,61585,61586],{},[15,61587,49371],{},[177,61589,61590],{},[15,61591,6931],{},[177,61593,61594],{},[15,61595,61596],{},"string",[177,61598,61599],{},[15,61600,60420],{},[33,61602,61604],{"id":61603},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61606,61607,61608,172],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61609,53866],{},[38,61611,61613],{"className":40,"code":61612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61614,61615,61639,61664,61668,61683,61687,61697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61616,61617,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61618,36650],{"class":53},[47,61620,58],{"class":57},[47,61622,62],{"class":61},[47,61624,66],{"class":65},[47,61626,4720],{"class":69},[47,61628,66],{"class":65},[47,61630,75],{"class":61},[47,61632,78],{"class":65},[47,61634,4729],{"class":69},[47,61636,66],{"class":65},[47,61638,95],{"class":61},[47,61640,61641,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,61642,61643],{"class":53},"more_fruits ",[47,61645,58],{"class":57},[47,61647,62],{"class":61},[47,61649,66],{"class":65},[47,61651,33628],{"class":69},[47,61653,66],{"class":65},[47,61655,75],{"class":61},[47,61657,78],{"class":65},[47,61659,22935],{"class":69},[47,61661,66],{"class":65},[47,61663,95],{"class":61},[47,61665,61666],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,61667,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,61669,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678,61681],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,61671,36702],{"class":53},[47,61673,110],{"class":61},[47,61675,53896],{"class":113},[47,61677,117],{"class":61},[47,61679,61680],{"class":113},"more_fruits",[47,61682,132],{"class":61},[47,61684,61685],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,61686,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,61690,139],{"class":138},[47,61692,117],{"class":61},[47,61694,36702],{"class":113},[47,61696,132],{"class":61},[47,61698,61699],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,61700,61701],{"class":152},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61703,424],{},[174,61705,61706,61711,61716],{},[177,61707,61708,61710],{},[15,61709,36702],{}," starts with two items",[177,61712,61713,61715],{},[15,61714,61680],{}," has two more items",[177,61717,61718,61720,61721,61723,61724],{},[15,61719,53866],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61722,61680],{}," to ",[15,61725,36702],{},[20,61727,61728,61729,61731],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61730,36702],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61733,54987,61734,5036,61736,110],{},[210,61735,53191],{"href":51398},[210,61737,57575],{"href":57574},[33,61739,61741,11222,61743],{"id":61740},"extend-vs-append",[15,61742,53866],{},[15,61744,53072],{},[20,61746,61747,5036,61749,61751],{},[15,61748,53866],{},[15,61750,53072],{}," are often confused.",[244,61753,61755,61757],{"id":61754},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61756,53866],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[38,61759,61761],{"className":40,"code":61760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61762,61763,61779,61797,61801,61811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61764,61765,61767,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61766,4270],{"class":53},[47,61768,58],{"class":57},[47,61770,62],{"class":61},[47,61772,917],{"class":349},[47,61774,75],{"class":61},[47,61776,2409],{"class":349},[47,61778,95],{"class":61},[47,61780,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,61782,4300],{"class":53},[47,61784,110],{"class":61},[47,61786,53896],{"class":113},[47,61788,1258],{"class":61},[47,61790,2711],{"class":349},[47,61792,75],{"class":61},[47,61794,3108],{"class":349},[47,61796,2166],{"class":61},[47,61798,61799],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,61800,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,61802,61803,61805,61807,61809],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,61804,139],{"class":138},[47,61806,117],{"class":61},[47,61808,4300],{"class":113},[47,61810,132],{"class":61},[47,61812,61813],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,61814,53143],{"class":152},[244,61816,61818,61820],{"id":61817},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61819,53072],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[38,61822,61824],{"className":40,"code":61823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61825,61826,61842,61860,61864,61874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61827,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61829,4270],{"class":53},[47,61831,58],{"class":57},[47,61833,62],{"class":61},[47,61835,917],{"class":349},[47,61837,75],{"class":61},[47,61839,2409],{"class":349},[47,61841,95],{"class":61},[47,61843,61844,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,61845,4300],{"class":53},[47,61847,110],{"class":61},[47,61849,912],{"class":113},[47,61851,1258],{"class":61},[47,61853,2711],{"class":349},[47,61855,75],{"class":61},[47,61857,3108],{"class":349},[47,61859,2166],{"class":61},[47,61861,61862],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,61863,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,61865,61866,61868,61870,61872],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,61867,139],{"class":138},[47,61869,117],{"class":61},[47,61871,4300],{"class":113},[47,61873,132],{"class":61},[47,61875,61876],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,61877,61878],{"class":152},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61880,1613],{},[174,61882,61883,61888],{},[177,61884,61885,61887],{},[15,61886,53866],{}," to combine values",[177,61889,61890,61892],{},[15,61891,53072],{}," to add one item",[20,61894,42508,61895,5036,61899,110],{},[210,61896,55940,61897,1637],{"href":57189},[15,61898,53072],{},[210,61900,53469],{"href":53468},[33,61902,453,61904,61906],{"id":61903},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61905,53866],{}," with different iterables",[20,61908,61909,61911],{},[15,61910,53866],{}," works with more than just lists.",[244,61913,61915],{"id":61914},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[38,61917,61919],{"className":40,"code":61918,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61920,61921,61937,61955,61959,61969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61922,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61924,4470],{"class":53},[47,61926,58],{"class":57},[47,61928,62],{"class":61},[47,61930,917],{"class":349},[47,61932,75],{"class":61},[47,61934,2409],{"class":349},[47,61936,95],{"class":61},[47,61938,61939,61941,61943,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,61940,6003],{"class":53},[47,61942,110],{"class":61},[47,61944,53896],{"class":113},[47,61946,6155],{"class":61},[47,61948,2711],{"class":349},[47,61950,75],{"class":61},[47,61952,3108],{"class":349},[47,61954,2266],{"class":61},[47,61956,61957],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,61958,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,61960,61961,61963,61965,61967],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,61962,139],{"class":138},[47,61964,117],{"class":61},[47,61966,6003],{"class":113},[47,61968,132],{"class":61},[47,61970,61971],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,61972,53143],{"class":152},[20,61974,61975],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[244,61977,61979],{"id":61978},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[38,61981,61983],{"className":40,"code":61982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61984,61985,62001,62020,62024,62034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61986,61987,61989,61991,61993,61995,61997,61999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61988,36501],{"class":53},[47,61990,58],{"class":57},[47,61992,62],{"class":61},[47,61994,66],{"class":65},[47,61996,210],{"class":69},[47,61998,66],{"class":65},[47,62000,95],{"class":61},[47,62002,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011,62013,62016,62018],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62004,36554],{"class":53},[47,62006,110],{"class":61},[47,62008,53896],{"class":113},[47,62010,117],{"class":61},[47,62012,66],{"class":65},[47,62014,62015],{"class":69},"bc",[47,62017,66],{"class":65},[47,62019,132],{"class":61},[47,62021,62022],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62023,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62025,62026,62028,62030,62032],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62027,139],{"class":138},[47,62029,117],{"class":61},[47,62031,36554],{"class":113},[47,62033,132],{"class":61},[47,62035,62036],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62037,62038],{"class":152},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62040,62041],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[244,62043,62045],{"id":62044},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[38,62047,62049],{"className":40,"code":62048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62050,62051,62063,62085,62089,62099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62052,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62054,4270],{"class":53},[47,62056,58],{"class":57},[47,62058,62],{"class":61},[47,62060,436],{"class":349},[47,62062,95],{"class":61},[47,62064,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62066,4300],{"class":53},[47,62068,110],{"class":61},[47,62070,53896],{"class":113},[47,62072,117],{"class":61},[47,62074,60420],{"class":138},[47,62076,117],{"class":61},[47,62078,917],{"class":349},[47,62080,75],{"class":61},[47,62082,3108],{"class":349},[47,62084,2266],{"class":61},[47,62086,62087],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62088,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62090,62091,62093,62095,62097],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62092,139],{"class":138},[47,62094,117],{"class":61},[47,62096,4300],{"class":113},[47,62098,132],{"class":61},[47,62100,62101],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62102,62103],{"class":152},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62105,62106,62109,62110,2838,62112,17681,62114,110],{},[15,62107,62108],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62111,917],{},[15,62113,2705],{},[15,62115,2711],{},[244,62117,62119],{"id":62118},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[38,62121,62123],{"className":40,"code":62122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62124,62125,62141,62159,62163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62126,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62128,8425],{"class":53},[47,62130,58],{"class":57},[47,62132,62],{"class":61},[47,62134,917],{"class":349},[47,62136,75],{"class":61},[47,62138,2409],{"class":349},[47,62140,95],{"class":61},[47,62142,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153,62155,62157],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62144,8456],{"class":53},[47,62146,110],{"class":61},[47,62148,53896],{"class":113},[47,62150,6174],{"class":61},[47,62152,2711],{"class":349},[47,62154,75],{"class":61},[47,62156,3108],{"class":349},[47,62158,30902],{"class":61},[47,62160,62161],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62162,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62164,62165,62167,62169,62171],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62166,139],{"class":138},[47,62168,117],{"class":61},[47,62170,8456],{"class":113},[47,62172,132],{"class":61},[20,62174,62175],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[33,62177,62179],{"id":62178},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62181,62182,3048,62184,110],{},[15,62183,53866],{},[15,62185,269],{},[20,62187,62188,62189,172],{},"That means this is ",[278,62190,62191],{},"wrong",[38,62193,62195],{"className":40,"code":62194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62196,62197,62213,62235,62239,62249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62198,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207,62209,62211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62200,4270],{"class":53},[47,62202,58],{"class":57},[47,62204,62],{"class":61},[47,62206,917],{"class":349},[47,62208,75],{"class":61},[47,62210,2409],{"class":349},[47,62212,95],{"class":61},[47,62214,62215,62217,62219,62221,62223,62225,62227,62229,62231,62233],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62216,2879],{"class":53},[47,62218,58],{"class":57},[47,62220,4905],{"class":53},[47,62222,110],{"class":61},[47,62224,53896],{"class":113},[47,62226,1258],{"class":61},[47,62228,2711],{"class":349},[47,62230,75],{"class":61},[47,62232,3108],{"class":349},[47,62234,2166],{"class":61},[47,62236,62237],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62238,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62240,62241,62243,62245,62247],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62242,139],{"class":138},[47,62244,117],{"class":61},[47,62246,2914],{"class":113},[47,62248,132],{"class":61},[47,62250,62251],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62252,62253],{"class":152},"# None\n",[20,62255,62256],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[38,62258,62260],{"className":40,"code":62259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62261,62262,62278,62300,62304,62314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62263,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62265,4270],{"class":53},[47,62267,58],{"class":57},[47,62269,62],{"class":61},[47,62271,917],{"class":349},[47,62273,75],{"class":61},[47,62275,2409],{"class":349},[47,62277,95],{"class":61},[47,62279,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62281,4270],{"class":53},[47,62283,58],{"class":57},[47,62285,4905],{"class":53},[47,62287,110],{"class":61},[47,62289,53896],{"class":113},[47,62291,1258],{"class":61},[47,62293,2711],{"class":349},[47,62295,75],{"class":61},[47,62297,3108],{"class":349},[47,62299,2166],{"class":61},[47,62301,62302],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62303,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62305,62306,62308,62310,62312],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62307,139],{"class":138},[47,62309,117],{"class":61},[47,62311,4300],{"class":113},[47,62313,132],{"class":61},[47,62315,62316],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62317,62253],{"class":152},[20,62319,62320],{},"The correct way is:",[38,62322,62323],{"className":40,"code":61760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62324,62325,62341,62359,62363,62373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62326,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62328,4270],{"class":53},[47,62330,58],{"class":57},[47,62332,62],{"class":61},[47,62334,917],{"class":349},[47,62336,75],{"class":61},[47,62338,2409],{"class":349},[47,62340,95],{"class":61},[47,62342,62343,62345,62347,62349,62351,62353,62355,62357],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62344,4300],{"class":53},[47,62346,110],{"class":61},[47,62348,53896],{"class":113},[47,62350,1258],{"class":61},[47,62352,2711],{"class":349},[47,62354,75],{"class":61},[47,62356,3108],{"class":349},[47,62358,2166],{"class":61},[47,62360,62361],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62362,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62364,62365,62367,62369,62371],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62366,139],{"class":138},[47,62368,117],{"class":61},[47,62370,4300],{"class":113},[47,62372,132],{"class":61},[47,62374,62375],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62376,53143],{"class":152},[20,62378,56329,62379,62381],{},[15,62380,53866],{}," first, then use the original list.",[33,62383,5162],{"id":5161},[20,62385,1644,62386,110],{},[15,62387,53866],{},[244,62389,62391,62392,62394],{"id":62390},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62393,53866],{}," to return a new list",[38,62396,62398],{"className":40,"code":62397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62399,62400,62416,62438,62442,62452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62401,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62403,4270],{"class":53},[47,62405,58],{"class":57},[47,62407,62],{"class":61},[47,62409,917],{"class":349},[47,62411,75],{"class":61},[47,62413,2409],{"class":349},[47,62415,95],{"class":61},[47,62417,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62419,56062],{"class":53},[47,62421,58],{"class":57},[47,62423,4905],{"class":53},[47,62425,110],{"class":61},[47,62427,53896],{"class":113},[47,62429,1258],{"class":61},[47,62431,2711],{"class":349},[47,62433,75],{"class":61},[47,62435,3108],{"class":349},[47,62437,2166],{"class":61},[47,62439,62440],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62441,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62443,62444,62446,62448,62450],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62445,139],{"class":138},[47,62447,117],{"class":61},[47,62449,56081],{"class":113},[47,62451,132],{"class":61},[47,62453,62454],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62455,62253],{"class":152},[20,62457,62458,62459,110],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62460,53866],{},[244,62462,62464,62465,45046,62467,62469],{"id":62463},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62466,53072],{},[15,62468,53866],{}," is needed",[38,62471,62472],{"className":40,"code":61823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62473,62474,62490,62508,62512,62522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62475,62476,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486,62488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62477,4270],{"class":53},[47,62479,58],{"class":57},[47,62481,62],{"class":61},[47,62483,917],{"class":349},[47,62485,75],{"class":61},[47,62487,2409],{"class":349},[47,62489,95],{"class":61},[47,62491,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504,62506],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62493,4300],{"class":53},[47,62495,110],{"class":61},[47,62497,912],{"class":113},[47,62499,1258],{"class":61},[47,62501,2711],{"class":349},[47,62503,75],{"class":61},[47,62505,3108],{"class":349},[47,62507,2166],{"class":61},[47,62509,62510],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62511,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62513,62514,62516,62518,62520],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62515,139],{"class":138},[47,62517,117],{"class":61},[47,62519,4300],{"class":113},[47,62521,132],{"class":61},[47,62523,62524],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62525,61878],{"class":152},[20,62527,62528,62529,54311,62531,7275],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62530,54310],{},[15,62532,53866],{},[244,62534,62536],{"id":62535},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[38,62538,62540],{"className":40,"code":62539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62541,62542,62558,62576,62580,62590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62543,62544,62546,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62545,4711],{"class":53},[47,62547,58],{"class":57},[47,62549,62],{"class":61},[47,62551,66],{"class":65},[47,62553,4492],{"class":69},[47,62555,66],{"class":65},[47,62557,95],{"class":61},[47,62559,62560,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572,62574],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62561,4755],{"class":53},[47,62563,110],{"class":61},[47,62565,53896],{"class":113},[47,62567,117],{"class":61},[47,62569,66],{"class":65},[47,62571,61013],{"class":69},[47,62573,66],{"class":65},[47,62575,132],{"class":61},[47,62577,62578],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62579,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62581,62582,62584,62586,62588],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62583,139],{"class":138},[47,62585,117],{"class":61},[47,62587,4755],{"class":113},[47,62589,132],{"class":61},[47,62591,62592],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62593,62594],{"class":152},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62596,62597,62598,62601,62602,172],{},"If you want ",[15,62599,62600],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62603,53072],{},[38,62605,62607],{"className":40,"code":62606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62608,62609,62625,62643,62647,62657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62610,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619,62621,62623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62612,4711],{"class":53},[47,62614,58],{"class":57},[47,62616,62],{"class":61},[47,62618,66],{"class":65},[47,62620,4492],{"class":69},[47,62622,66],{"class":65},[47,62624,95],{"class":61},[47,62626,62627,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62628,4755],{"class":53},[47,62630,110],{"class":61},[47,62632,912],{"class":113},[47,62634,117],{"class":61},[47,62636,66],{"class":65},[47,62638,61013],{"class":69},[47,62640,66],{"class":65},[47,62642,132],{"class":61},[47,62644,62645],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62646,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62648,62649,62651,62653,62655],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62650,139],{"class":138},[47,62652,117],{"class":61},[47,62654,4755],{"class":113},[47,62656,132],{"class":61},[47,62658,62659],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62660,62661],{"class":152},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[244,62663,62665],{"id":62664},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[38,62667,62669],{"className":40,"code":62668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62670,62671,62687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62672,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62674,4270],{"class":53},[47,62676,58],{"class":57},[47,62678,62],{"class":61},[47,62680,917],{"class":349},[47,62682,75],{"class":61},[47,62684,2409],{"class":349},[47,62686,95],{"class":61},[47,62688,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62690,4300],{"class":53},[47,62692,110],{"class":61},[47,62694,53896],{"class":113},[47,62696,117],{"class":61},[47,62698,2784],{"class":349},[47,62700,132],{"class":61},[20,62702,40067,62703,7195],{},[15,62704,2784],{},[20,62706,62707,62708,62710,62711,62714],{},"You will get a ",[15,62709,3655],{},". See ",[210,62712,62713],{"href":53019},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62716,62717],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[38,62719,62721],{"className":40,"code":62720,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62722,62723,62733,62747,62759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62724,62725,62727,62729,62731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62726,139],{"class":138},[47,62728,117],{"class":61},[47,62730,8985],{"class":113},[47,62732,132],{"class":61},[47,62734,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743,62745],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62736,139],{"class":138},[47,62738,117],{"class":61},[47,62740,2392],{"class":106},[47,62742,117],{"class":61},[47,62744,6003],{"class":113},[47,62746,2266],{"class":61},[47,62748,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62750,139],{"class":138},[47,62752,117],{"class":61},[47,62754,2914],{"class":113},[47,62756,4313],{"class":61},[47,62758,132],{"class":53},[47,62760,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769,62771],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62762,32559],{"class":138},[47,62764,117],{"class":61},[47,62766,1892],{"class":106},[47,62768,110],{"class":61},[47,62770,53896],{"class":25153},[47,62772,132],{"class":61},[43996,62774,62775],{},[20,62776,62777,62778,62781,62782,62784,62785,110],{},"Note: ",[15,62779,62780],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62783,4313],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62786,33434],{},[20,62788,62789],{},"Correct debugging example:",[38,62791,62793],{"className":40,"code":62792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62794,62795,62811,62827,62831,62845,62849,62857,62867,62881,62891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62796,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62798,8954],{"class":53},[47,62800,58],{"class":57},[47,62802,62],{"class":61},[47,62804,917],{"class":349},[47,62806,75],{"class":61},[47,62808,2409],{"class":349},[47,62810,95],{"class":61},[47,62812,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62814,4470],{"class":53},[47,62816,58],{"class":57},[47,62818,62],{"class":61},[47,62820,2711],{"class":349},[47,62822,75],{"class":61},[47,62824,3108],{"class":349},[47,62826,95],{"class":61},[47,62828,62829],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62830,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62832,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62834,8985],{"class":53},[47,62836,110],{"class":61},[47,62838,53896],{"class":113},[47,62840,117],{"class":61},[47,62842,6003],{"class":113},[47,62844,132],{"class":61},[47,62846,62847],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62848,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62850,62851,62853,62855],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,62852,2879],{"class":53},[47,62854,58],{"class":57},[47,62856,48945],{"class":559},[47,62858,62859,62861,62863,62865],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,62860,139],{"class":138},[47,62862,117],{"class":61},[47,62864,8985],{"class":113},[47,62866,132],{"class":61},[47,62868,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,62870,139],{"class":138},[47,62872,117],{"class":61},[47,62874,2392],{"class":106},[47,62876,117],{"class":61},[47,62878,6003],{"class":113},[47,62880,2266],{"class":61},[47,62882,62883,62885,62887,62889],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,62884,139],{"class":138},[47,62886,117],{"class":61},[47,62888,2914],{"class":113},[47,62890,132],{"class":61},[47,62892,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903],{"class":49,"line":7080},[47,62894,32559],{"class":138},[47,62896,117],{"class":61},[47,62898,1892],{"class":106},[47,62900,110],{"class":61},[47,62902,53896],{"class":25153},[47,62904,132],{"class":61},[33,62906,1216,62908],{"id":62907},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62909,53866],{},[20,62911,156,62912,6962],{},[15,62913,53866],{},[174,62915,62916,62919,62922],{},[177,62917,62918],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[177,62920,62921],{},"Add multiple values at once",[177,62923,62924],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62926,6117],{},[38,62928,62930],{"className":40,"code":62929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62931,62932,62949,62967,62971,62987,62991,63001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62933,62934,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62935,62936],{"class":53},"all_scores ",[47,62938,58],{"class":57},[47,62940,62],{"class":61},[47,62942,14122],{"class":349},[47,62944,75],{"class":61},[47,62946,14127],{"class":349},[47,62948,95],{"class":61},[47,62950,62951,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962,62965],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,62952,62953],{"class":53},"new_scores ",[47,62955,58],{"class":57},[47,62957,62],{"class":61},[47,62959,51924],{"class":349},[47,62961,75],{"class":61},[47,62963,62964],{"class":349}," 92",[47,62966,95],{"class":61},[47,62968,62969],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,62970,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62972,62973,62976,62978,62980,62982,62985],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,62974,62975],{"class":53},"all_scores",[47,62977,110],{"class":61},[47,62979,53896],{"class":113},[47,62981,117],{"class":61},[47,62983,62984],{"class":113},"new_scores",[47,62986,132],{"class":61},[47,62988,62989],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,62990,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,62992,62993,62995,62997,62999],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,62994,139],{"class":138},[47,62996,117],{"class":61},[47,62998,62975],{"class":113},[47,63000,132],{"class":61},[47,63002,63003],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,63004,63005],{"class":152},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63007,63008,63009,63011,63012,110],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63010,53072],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[210,63013,55940,63014,1637],{"href":54328},[15,63015,54688],{},[33,63017,2429],{"id":2428},[244,63019,2433,63021,55889],{"id":63020},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63022,53767],{},[20,63024,63025,63026,110],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63027,269],{},[244,63029,5823,63031,5036,63033,3143],{"id":63030},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63032,53866],{},[15,63034,53072],{},[20,63036,63037,63039,63040,63042],{},[15,63038,53866],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63041,53072],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[244,63044,28733,63046,63048],{"id":63045},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63047,53866],{}," with a string?",[20,63050,63051],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[244,63053,28733,63055,63057],{"id":63054},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63056,53866],{}," with a tuple?",[20,63059,63060],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[244,63062,63064,63065,3143],{"id":63063},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63066,53866],{},[20,63068,63069,63070,63072],{},"You get a ",[15,63071,3655],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[33,63074,2526],{"id":2525},[174,63076,63077,63083,63087,63091,63095,63101,63105],{},[177,63078,63079],{},[210,63080,55940,63081,1637],{"href":57189},[15,63082,53072],{},[177,63084,63085],{},[210,63086,54698],{"href":53468},[177,63088,63089],{},[210,63090,57649],{"href":57574},[177,63092,63093],{},[210,63094,53191],{"href":51398},[177,63096,63097],{},[210,63098,55940,63099,1637],{"href":54328},[15,63100,54688],{},[177,63102,63103],{},[210,63104,62713],{"href":53019},[177,63106,63107],{},[210,63108,55940,63109,1637],{"href":55380},[15,63110,2556],{},[20,63112,63113,63114,63116,63117,63119],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63115,53072],{},", when to use ",[15,63118,54688],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2563,63121,63122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":63124},[63125,63126,63128,63129,63130,63137,63144,63145,63153,63155,63167],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":61522,"depth":98,"text":63127},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":61603,"depth":98,"text":61604},{"id":61740,"depth":98,"text":63131,"children":63132},"extend() vs append()",[63133,63135],{"id":61754,"depth":135,"text":63134},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61817,"depth":135,"text":63136},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61903,"depth":98,"text":63138,"children":63139},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63140,63141,63142,63143],{"id":61914,"depth":135,"text":61915},{"id":61978,"depth":135,"text":61979},{"id":62044,"depth":135,"text":62045},{"id":62118,"depth":135,"text":62119},{"id":62178,"depth":98,"text":62179},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":63146},[63147,63149,63151,63152],{"id":62390,"depth":135,"text":63148},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62463,"depth":135,"text":63150},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62535,"depth":135,"text":62536},{"id":62664,"depth":135,"text":62665},{"id":62907,"depth":98,"text":63154},"When to use extend()",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":63156},[63157,63159,63161,63163,63165],{"id":63020,"depth":135,"text":63158},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63030,"depth":135,"text":63160},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63045,"depth":135,"text":63162},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63054,"depth":135,"text":63164},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63063,"depth":135,"text":63166},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61426,"description":63168},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63175,"title":63176,"body":63177,"description":65268,"extension":2611,"meta":65269,"navigation":357,"path":65270,"seo":65271,"stem":65272,"__hash__":65273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63178,"toc":65231},[63179,63182,63187,63193,63204,63210,63212,63281,63283,63332,63340,63344,63349,63352,63363,63368,63370,63372,63393,63406,63409,63422,63424,63429,63454,63456,63464,63467,63536,63538,63562,63568,63572,63576,63612,63614,63634,63641,63645,63678,63680,63714,63719,63723,63756,63758,63786,63794,63798,63835,63837,63858,63861,63865,63934,63936,63960,63966,63973,63977,63980,63982,63996,63999,64023,64025,64050,64053,64072,64074,64100,64109,64113,64120,64197,64199,64240,64246,64252,64343,64345,64401,64404,64409,64413,64418,64422,64481,64483,64508,64512,64575,64577,64602,64606,64669,64671,64714,64717,64721,64725,64747,64751,64833,64835,64870,64878,64880,64884,64888,64890,64917,64922,64924,64951,64958,64961,64984,64986,65035,65038,65041,65060,65064,65067,65118,65121,65127,65131,65136,65139,65141,65147,65156,65160,65166,65170,65173,65177,65180,65184,65190,65192,65228],[10,63180,63176],{"id":63181},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63183,9768,63184,63186],{},[15,63185,25184],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63188,63189,63190,63192],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63191,25184],{}," for two main reasons:",[174,63194,63195,63198],{},[177,63196,63197],{},"to make an empty list",[177,63199,63200,63201,63203],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63202,60420],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63205,63206,63207,63209],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63208,25184],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[33,63211,36],{"id":35},[38,63213,63215],{"className":40,"code":63214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63216,63217,63239,63257,63261,63271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63218,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63220,4270],{"class":53},[47,63222,58],{"class":57},[47,63224,22962],{"class":106},[47,63226,6155],{"class":61},[47,63228,917],{"class":349},[47,63230,75],{"class":61},[47,63232,2409],{"class":349},[47,63234,75],{"class":61},[47,63236,2414],{"class":349},[47,63238,2266],{"class":61},[47,63240,63241,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63242,36501],{"class":53},[47,63244,58],{"class":57},[47,63246,22962],{"class":106},[47,63248,117],{"class":61},[47,63250,66],{"class":65},[47,63252,41975],{"class":69},[47,63254,66],{"class":65},[47,63256,132],{"class":61},[47,63258,63259],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,63260,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,63262,63263,63265,63267,63269],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,63264,139],{"class":138},[47,63266,117],{"class":61},[47,63268,4300],{"class":113},[47,63270,132],{"class":61},[47,63272,63273,63275,63277,63279],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,63274,139],{"class":138},[47,63276,117],{"class":61},[47,63278,36554],{"class":113},[47,63280,132],{"class":61},[20,63282,372],{},[38,63284,63286],{"className":40,"code":63285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63287,63288,63304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63289,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63291,669],{"class":61},[47,63293,917],{"class":349},[47,63295,75],{"class":61},[47,63297,2409],{"class":349},[47,63299,75],{"class":61},[47,63301,2414],{"class":349},[47,63303,95],{"class":61},[47,63305,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63307,669],{"class":61},[47,63309,385],{"class":65},[47,63311,210],{"class":69},[47,63313,385],{"class":65},[47,63315,75],{"class":61},[47,63317,398],{"class":65},[47,63319,854],{"class":69},[47,63321,385],{"class":65},[47,63323,75],{"class":61},[47,63325,398],{"class":65},[47,63327,863],{"class":69},[47,63329,385],{"class":65},[47,63331,95],{"class":61},[20,63333,156,63334,63336,63337,63339],{},[15,63335,25184],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63338,60420],{},", set, or dictionary.",[33,63341,63343],{"id":63342},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63345,63346,63348],{},[15,63347,25184],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63350,63351],{},"It can:",[174,63353,63354,63357,63360],{},[177,63355,63356],{},"create a new list object",[177,63358,63359],{},"make an empty list",[177,63361,63362],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63364,63365,63366,110],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[210,63367,53191],{"href":51398},[33,63369,2806],{"id":2805},[20,63371,26891],{},[38,63373,63375],{"className":40,"code":63374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63376,63377,63383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63378,63379,63381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63380,1892],{"class":106},[47,63382,9288],{"class":61},[47,63384,63385,63387,63389,63391],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63386,1892],{"class":106},[47,63388,117],{"class":61},[47,63390,235],{"class":113},[47,63392,132],{"class":61},[174,63394,63395,63400],{},[177,63396,63397,63399],{},[15,63398,25184],{}," makes an empty list",[177,63401,63402,63405],{},[15,63403,63404],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63407,63408],{},"Common iterable values include:",[174,63410,63411,63413,63415,63417,63420],{},[177,63412,5953],{},[177,63414,5947],{},[177,63416,5950],{},[177,63418,63419],{},"ranges",[177,63421,7896],{},[33,63423,60042],{"id":60041},[20,63425,156,63426,63428],{},[15,63427,25184],{}," with no arguments:",[38,63430,63432],{"className":40,"code":63431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63433,63434,63444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63435,63436,63438,63440,63442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63437,8425],{"class":53},[47,63439,58],{"class":57},[47,63441,22962],{"class":106},[47,63443,9288],{"class":61},[47,63445,63446,63448,63450,63452],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63447,139],{"class":138},[47,63449,117],{"class":61},[47,63451,8456],{"class":113},[47,63453,132],{"class":61},[20,63455,372],{},[38,63457,63458],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63459,63460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63461,63462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63463,38710],{"class":61},[20,63465,63466],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[38,63468,63470],{"className":40,"code":63469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63471,63472,63482,63486,63504,63522,63526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63473,63474,63476,63478,63480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63475,8425],{"class":53},[47,63477,58],{"class":57},[47,63479,22962],{"class":106},[47,63481,9288],{"class":61},[47,63483,63484],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63485,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,63487,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,63489,8456],{"class":53},[47,63491,110],{"class":61},[47,63493,912],{"class":113},[47,63495,117],{"class":61},[47,63497,66],{"class":65},[47,63499,4720],{"class":69},[47,63501,66],{"class":65},[47,63503,132],{"class":61},[47,63505,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,63507,8456],{"class":53},[47,63509,110],{"class":61},[47,63511,912],{"class":113},[47,63513,117],{"class":61},[47,63515,66],{"class":65},[47,63517,4729],{"class":69},[47,63519,66],{"class":65},[47,63521,132],{"class":61},[47,63523,63524],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,63525,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,63527,63528,63530,63532,63534],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,63529,139],{"class":138},[47,63531,117],{"class":61},[47,63533,8456],{"class":113},[47,63535,132],{"class":61},[20,63537,372],{},[38,63539,63540],{"className":40,"code":38836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63541,63542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63543,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63545,669],{"class":61},[47,63547,385],{"class":65},[47,63549,4720],{"class":69},[47,63551,385],{"class":65},[47,63553,75],{"class":61},[47,63555,398],{"class":65},[47,63557,4729],{"class":69},[47,63559,385],{"class":65},[47,63561,95],{"class":61},[20,63563,63564,63565,63567],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63566,805],{},". Both are valid.",[33,63569,63571],{"id":63570},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[244,63573,63575],{"id":63574},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[38,63577,63578],{"className":40,"code":60340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63579,63580,63602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63581,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63583,4270],{"class":53},[47,63585,58],{"class":57},[47,63587,22962],{"class":106},[47,63589,6155],{"class":61},[47,63591,917],{"class":349},[47,63593,75],{"class":61},[47,63595,2409],{"class":349},[47,63597,75],{"class":61},[47,63599,2414],{"class":349},[47,63601,2266],{"class":61},[47,63603,63604,63606,63608,63610],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63605,139],{"class":138},[47,63607,117],{"class":61},[47,63609,4300],{"class":113},[47,63611,132],{"class":61},[20,63613,372],{},[38,63615,63616],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63617,63618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63619,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63621,669],{"class":61},[47,63623,917],{"class":349},[47,63625,75],{"class":61},[47,63627,2409],{"class":349},[47,63629,75],{"class":61},[47,63631,2414],{"class":349},[47,63633,95],{"class":61},[20,63635,63636,63637,110],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[210,63638,63640],{"href":63639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[244,63642,63644],{"id":63643},"string-to-list","String to list",[38,63646,63648],{"className":40,"code":63647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63649,63650,63668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63651,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63653,36501],{"class":53},[47,63655,58],{"class":57},[47,63657,22962],{"class":106},[47,63659,117],{"class":61},[47,63661,66],{"class":65},[47,63663,37459],{"class":69},[47,63665,66],{"class":65},[47,63667,132],{"class":61},[47,63669,63670,63672,63674,63676],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63671,139],{"class":138},[47,63673,117],{"class":61},[47,63675,36554],{"class":113},[47,63677,132],{"class":61},[20,63679,372],{},[38,63681,63683],{"className":40,"code":63682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63684,63685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63686,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63710,63712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63688,669],{"class":61},[47,63690,385],{"class":65},[47,63692,863],{"class":69},[47,63694,385],{"class":65},[47,63696,75],{"class":61},[47,63698,398],{"class":65},[47,63700,210],{"class":69},[47,63702,385],{"class":65},[47,63704,75],{"class":61},[47,63706,398],{"class":65},[47,63708,63709],{"class":69},"t",[47,63711,385],{"class":65},[47,63713,95],{"class":61},[20,63715,63716,63718],{},[15,63717,25184],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[244,63720,63722],{"id":63721},"range-to-list","Range to list",[38,63724,63726],{"className":40,"code":63725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63727,63728,63746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63729,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63731,4270],{"class":53},[47,63733,58],{"class":57},[47,63735,22962],{"class":106},[47,63737,117],{"class":61},[47,63739,60420],{"class":138},[47,63741,117],{"class":61},[47,63743,2784],{"class":349},[47,63745,2266],{"class":61},[47,63747,63748,63750,63752,63754],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63749,139],{"class":138},[47,63751,117],{"class":61},[47,63753,4300],{"class":113},[47,63755,132],{"class":61},[20,63757,372],{},[38,63759,63760],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63761,63762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63763,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63765,669],{"class":61},[47,63767,436],{"class":349},[47,63769,75],{"class":61},[47,63771,2002],{"class":349},[47,63773,75],{"class":61},[47,63775,2409],{"class":349},[47,63777,75],{"class":61},[47,63779,2414],{"class":349},[47,63781,75],{"class":61},[47,63783,3108],{"class":349},[47,63785,95],{"class":61},[20,63787,63788,63789,63793],{},"This is common when working with ",[210,63790,63791],{"href":36606},[15,63792,36609],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[244,63795,63797],{"id":63796},"set-to-list","Set to list",[38,63799,63801],{"className":40,"code":63800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63802,63803,63825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63804,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63806,4470],{"class":53},[47,63808,58],{"class":57},[47,63810,22962],{"class":106},[47,63812,6174],{"class":61},[47,63814,2981],{"class":349},[47,63816,75],{"class":61},[47,63818,8436],{"class":349},[47,63820,75],{"class":61},[47,63822,8441],{"class":349},[47,63824,30902],{"class":61},[47,63826,63827,63829,63831,63833],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63828,139],{"class":138},[47,63830,117],{"class":61},[47,63832,6003],{"class":113},[47,63834,132],{"class":61},[20,63836,17567],{},[38,63838,63840],{"className":40,"code":63839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63841,63842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63843,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63845,669],{"class":61},[47,63847,2981],{"class":349},[47,63849,75],{"class":61},[47,63851,8436],{"class":349},[47,63853,75],{"class":61},[47,63855,8441],{"class":349},[47,63857,95],{"class":61},[20,63859,63860],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[244,63862,63864],{"id":63863},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[38,63866,63868],{"className":40,"code":63867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63869,63870,63906,63920,63924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63871,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63873,101],{"class":53},[47,63875,58],{"class":57},[47,63877,1096],{"class":61},[47,63879,66],{"class":65},[47,63881,70],{"class":69},[47,63883,66],{"class":65},[47,63885,172],{"class":61},[47,63887,78],{"class":65},[47,63889,13508],{"class":69},[47,63891,66],{"class":65},[47,63893,75],{"class":61},[47,63895,78],{"class":65},[47,63897,81],{"class":69},[47,63899,66],{"class":65},[47,63901,172],{"class":61},[47,63903,9946],{"class":349},[47,63905,421],{"class":61},[47,63907,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,63909,2879],{"class":53},[47,63911,58],{"class":57},[47,63913,22962],{"class":106},[47,63915,117],{"class":61},[47,63917,144],{"class":113},[47,63919,132],{"class":61},[47,63921,63922],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,63923,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,63925,63926,63928,63930,63932],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,63927,139],{"class":138},[47,63929,117],{"class":61},[47,63931,2914],{"class":113},[47,63933,132],{"class":61},[20,63935,372],{},[38,63937,63938],{"className":40,"code":25884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63939,63940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63941,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63943,669],{"class":61},[47,63945,385],{"class":65},[47,63947,70],{"class":69},[47,63949,385],{"class":65},[47,63951,75],{"class":61},[47,63953,398],{"class":65},[47,63955,81],{"class":69},[47,63957,385],{"class":65},[47,63959,95],{"class":61},[20,63961,63962,63963,63965],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63964,25184],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63967,63968,63969,110],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[210,63970,63972],{"href":63971},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[33,63974,63976],{"id":63975},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63978,63979],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63981,61577],{},[174,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994],{},[177,63985,5944],{},[177,63987,5947],{},[177,63989,5953],{},[177,63991,5950],{},[177,63993,63419],{},[177,63995,7896],{},[20,63997,63998],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[38,64000,64002],{"className":40,"code":64001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64003,64004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64005,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64019,64021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64007,139],{"class":138},[47,64009,117],{"class":61},[47,64011,1892],{"class":106},[47,64013,117],{"class":61},[47,64015,66],{"class":65},[47,64017,64018],{"class":69},"hi",[47,64020,66],{"class":65},[47,64022,2266],{"class":61},[20,64024,372],{},[38,64026,64028],{"className":40,"code":64027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64029,64030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64031,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64033,669],{"class":61},[47,64035,385],{"class":65},[47,64037,60860],{"class":69},[47,64039,385],{"class":65},[47,64041,75],{"class":61},[47,64043,398],{"class":65},[47,64045,36565],{"class":69},[47,64047,385],{"class":65},[47,64049,95],{"class":61},[20,64051,64052],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[38,64054,64056],{"className":40,"code":64055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64057,64058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64059,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64061,139],{"class":138},[47,64063,117],{"class":61},[47,64065,1892],{"class":106},[47,64067,117],{"class":61},[47,64069,2784],{"class":349},[47,64071,2266],{"class":61},[20,64073,372],{},[38,64075,64077],{"className":40,"code":64076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64078,64079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64082,3655],{"class":106},[47,64084,172],{"class":61},[47,64086,398],{"class":65},[47,64088,2837],{"class":69},[47,64090,385],{"class":65},[47,64092,25020],{"class":106},[47,64094,8742],{"class":57},[47,64096,8745],{"class":57},[47,64098,64099],{"class":53}," iterable\n",[20,64101,64102,64103,64105,64106,110],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[210,64104,5779],{"href":6231},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[210,64107,64108],{"href":53019},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64110,64112],{"id":64111},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64114,64115,64116,64119],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64117,64118],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[38,64121,64123],{"className":40,"code":64122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64124,64125,64145,64159,64163,64173,64183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64126,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64128,1986],{"class":53},[47,64130,58],{"class":57},[47,64132,62],{"class":61},[47,64134,917],{"class":349},[47,64136,75],{"class":61},[47,64138,2409],{"class":349},[47,64140,75],{"class":61},[47,64142,2414],{"class":349},[47,64144,95],{"class":61},[47,64146,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64148,14926],{"class":53},[47,64150,58],{"class":57},[47,64152,22962],{"class":106},[47,64154,117],{"class":61},[47,64156,2052],{"class":113},[47,64158,132],{"class":61},[47,64160,64161],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,64162,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,64164,64165,64167,64169,64171],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,64166,139],{"class":138},[47,64168,117],{"class":61},[47,64170,2052],{"class":113},[47,64172,132],{"class":61},[47,64174,64175,64177,64179,64181],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,64176,139],{"class":138},[47,64178,117],{"class":61},[47,64180,14945],{"class":113},[47,64182,132],{"class":61},[47,64184,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,64186,139],{"class":138},[47,64188,117],{"class":61},[47,64190,1986],{"class":113},[47,64192,12822],{"class":1107},[47,64194,14999],{"class":113},[47,64196,132],{"class":61},[20,64198,372],{},[38,64200,64202],{"className":40,"code":64201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64203,64204,64220,64236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64205,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64207,669],{"class":61},[47,64209,917],{"class":349},[47,64211,75],{"class":61},[47,64213,2409],{"class":349},[47,64215,75],{"class":61},[47,64217,2414],{"class":349},[47,64219,95],{"class":61},[47,64221,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64223,669],{"class":61},[47,64225,917],{"class":349},[47,64227,75],{"class":61},[47,64229,2409],{"class":349},[47,64231,75],{"class":61},[47,64233,2414],{"class":349},[47,64235,95],{"class":61},[47,64237,64238],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,64239,4681],{"class":559},[20,64241,64242,64243,64245],{},"This means ",[15,64244,14945],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64247,64248,64249,64251],{},"However, this is only a ",[278,64250,13478],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[38,64253,64255],{"className":40,"code":64254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64256,64257,64283,64297,64301,64319,64323,64333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64258,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64260,1986],{"class":53},[47,64262,58],{"class":57},[47,64264,56714],{"class":61},[47,64266,917],{"class":349},[47,64268,75],{"class":61},[47,64270,2409],{"class":349},[47,64272,959],{"class":61},[47,64274,62],{"class":61},[47,64276,2711],{"class":349},[47,64278,75],{"class":61},[47,64280,3108],{"class":349},[47,64282,53662],{"class":61},[47,64284,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64286,14926],{"class":53},[47,64288,58],{"class":57},[47,64290,22962],{"class":106},[47,64292,117],{"class":61},[47,64294,2052],{"class":113},[47,64296,132],{"class":61},[47,64298,64299],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,64300,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,64302,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,64304,14945],{"class":53},[47,64306,669],{"class":61},[47,64308,436],{"class":349},[47,64310,909],{"class":61},[47,64312,912],{"class":113},[47,64314,117],{"class":61},[47,64316,56767],{"class":349},[47,64318,132],{"class":61},[47,64320,64321],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,64322,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,64324,64325,64327,64329,64331],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,64326,139],{"class":138},[47,64328,117],{"class":61},[47,64330,2052],{"class":113},[47,64332,132],{"class":61},[47,64334,64335,64337,64339,64341],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,64336,139],{"class":138},[47,64338,117],{"class":61},[47,64340,14945],{"class":113},[47,64342,132],{"class":61},[20,64344,372],{},[38,64346,64347],{"className":40,"code":56798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,64348,64349,64375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64350,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64352,56805],{"class":61},[47,64354,917],{"class":349},[47,64356,75],{"class":61},[47,64358,2409],{"class":349},[47,64360,75],{"class":61},[47,64362,10835],{"class":349},[47,64364,959],{"class":61},[47,64366,62],{"class":61},[47,64368,2711],{"class":349},[47,64370,75],{"class":61},[47,64372,3108],{"class":349},[47,64374,53662],{"class":61},[47,64376,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64378,56805],{"class":61},[47,64380,917],{"class":349},[47,64382,75],{"class":61},[47,64384,2409],{"class":349},[47,64386,75],{"class":61},[47,64388,10835],{"class":349},[47,64390,959],{"class":61},[47,64392,62],{"class":61},[47,64394,2711],{"class":349},[47,64396,75],{"class":61},[47,64398,3108],{"class":349},[47,64400,53662],{"class":61},[20,64402,64403],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64405,64406,64407,110],{},"For more on this, see ",[210,64408,14408],{"href":14407},[33,64410,64412],{"id":64411},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64414,64415,64416,110],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64417,25184],{},[244,64419,64421],{"id":64420},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[38,64423,64425],{"className":40,"code":64424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64426,64427,64467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64428,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64430,13491],{"class":53},[47,64432,58],{"class":57},[47,64434,1096],{"class":61},[47,64436,66],{"class":65},[47,64438,70],{"class":69},[47,64440,66],{"class":65},[47,64442,172],{"class":61},[47,64444,78],{"class":65},[47,64446,8568],{"class":69},[47,64448,66],{"class":65},[47,64450,75],{"class":61},[47,64452,78],{"class":65},[47,64454,20292],{"class":69},[47,64456,66],{"class":65},[47,64458,172],{"class":61},[47,64460,78],{"class":65},[47,64462,22647],{"class":69},[47,64464,66],{"class":65},[47,64466,421],{"class":61},[47,64468,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64470,139],{"class":138},[47,64472,117],{"class":61},[47,64474,1892],{"class":106},[47,64476,117],{"class":61},[47,64478,14244],{"class":113},[47,64480,2266],{"class":61},[20,64482,372],{},[38,64484,64486],{"className":40,"code":64485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64487,64488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64489,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64491,669],{"class":61},[47,64493,385],{"class":65},[47,64495,70],{"class":69},[47,64497,385],{"class":65},[47,64499,75],{"class":61},[47,64501,398],{"class":65},[47,64503,20292],{"class":69},[47,64505,385],{"class":65},[47,64507,95],{"class":61},[244,64509,64511],{"id":64510},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[38,64513,64515],{"className":40,"code":64514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64516,64517,64557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64518,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64520,13491],{"class":53},[47,64522,58],{"class":57},[47,64524,1096],{"class":61},[47,64526,66],{"class":65},[47,64528,70],{"class":69},[47,64530,66],{"class":65},[47,64532,172],{"class":61},[47,64534,78],{"class":65},[47,64536,8568],{"class":69},[47,64538,66],{"class":65},[47,64540,75],{"class":61},[47,64542,78],{"class":65},[47,64544,20292],{"class":69},[47,64546,66],{"class":65},[47,64548,172],{"class":61},[47,64550,78],{"class":65},[47,64552,22647],{"class":69},[47,64554,66],{"class":65},[47,64556,421],{"class":61},[47,64558,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64560,139],{"class":138},[47,64562,117],{"class":61},[47,64564,1892],{"class":106},[47,64566,117],{"class":61},[47,64568,14244],{"class":113},[47,64570,110],{"class":61},[47,64572,6003],{"class":113},[47,64574,6934],{"class":61},[20,64576,372],{},[38,64578,64580],{"className":40,"code":64579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64581,64582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64583,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64585,669],{"class":61},[47,64587,385],{"class":65},[47,64589,8568],{"class":69},[47,64591,385],{"class":65},[47,64593,75],{"class":61},[47,64595,398],{"class":65},[47,64597,22647],{"class":69},[47,64599,385],{"class":65},[47,64601,95],{"class":61},[244,64603,64605],{"id":64604},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[38,64607,64609],{"className":40,"code":64608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64610,64611,64651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64612,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64614,13491],{"class":53},[47,64616,58],{"class":57},[47,64618,1096],{"class":61},[47,64620,66],{"class":65},[47,64622,70],{"class":69},[47,64624,66],{"class":65},[47,64626,172],{"class":61},[47,64628,78],{"class":65},[47,64630,8568],{"class":69},[47,64632,66],{"class":65},[47,64634,75],{"class":61},[47,64636,78],{"class":65},[47,64638,20292],{"class":69},[47,64640,66],{"class":65},[47,64642,172],{"class":61},[47,64644,78],{"class":65},[47,64646,22647],{"class":69},[47,64648,66],{"class":65},[47,64650,421],{"class":61},[47,64652,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64654,139],{"class":138},[47,64656,117],{"class":61},[47,64658,1892],{"class":106},[47,64660,117],{"class":61},[47,64662,14244],{"class":113},[47,64664,110],{"class":61},[47,64666,8456],{"class":113},[47,64668,6934],{"class":61},[20,64670,372],{},[38,64672,64674],{"className":40,"code":64673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64675,64676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64677,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64679,22142],{"class":61},[47,64681,385],{"class":65},[47,64683,70],{"class":69},[47,64685,385],{"class":65},[47,64687,75],{"class":61},[47,64689,398],{"class":65},[47,64691,8568],{"class":69},[47,64693,385],{"class":65},[47,64695,9875],{"class":61},[47,64697,9878],{"class":61},[47,64699,385],{"class":65},[47,64701,20292],{"class":69},[47,64703,385],{"class":65},[47,64705,75],{"class":61},[47,64707,398],{"class":65},[47,64709,22647],{"class":69},[47,64711,385],{"class":65},[47,64713,9891],{"class":61},[20,64715,64716],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[33,64718,64720],{"id":64719},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64722,156,64723,11238],{},[15,64724,25184],{},[174,64726,64727,64735,64744],{},[177,64728,64729,64730,3530,64732],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64731,53072],{},[15,64733,64734],{},"sort()",[177,64736,64737,64738,3530,64740,64743],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64739,36609],{},[15,64741,64742],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[177,64745,64746],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64748,46457,64749,172],{},[15,64750,64742],{},[38,64752,64754],{"className":40,"code":64753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64755,64756,64780,64796,64800,64823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64757,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64759,5638],{"class":53},[47,64761,58],{"class":57},[47,64763,62],{"class":61},[47,64765,66],{"class":65},[47,64767,13508],{"class":69},[47,64769,66],{"class":65},[47,64771,75],{"class":61},[47,64773,78],{"class":65},[47,64775,36351],{"class":69},[47,64777,66],{"class":65},[47,64779,95],{"class":61},[47,64781,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64783,1311],{"class":53},[47,64785,58],{"class":57},[47,64787,62],{"class":61},[47,64789,14122],{"class":349},[47,64791,75],{"class":61},[47,64793,14127],{"class":349},[47,64795,95],{"class":61},[47,64797,64798],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,64799,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,64801,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,64803,9857],{"class":53},[47,64805,58],{"class":57},[47,64807,22962],{"class":106},[47,64809,117],{"class":61},[47,64811,64812],{"class":138},"zip",[47,64814,117],{"class":61},[47,64816,5682],{"class":113},[47,64818,75],{"class":61},[47,64820,5753],{"class":113},[47,64822,2266],{"class":61},[47,64824,64825,64827,64829,64831],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,64826,139],{"class":138},[47,64828,117],{"class":61},[47,64830,9904],{"class":113},[47,64832,132],{"class":61},[20,64834,372],{},[38,64836,64838],{"className":40,"code":64837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64839,64840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64841,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64843,22142],{"class":61},[47,64845,385],{"class":65},[47,64847,13508],{"class":69},[47,64849,385],{"class":65},[47,64851,75],{"class":61},[47,64853,20299],{"class":349},[47,64855,9875],{"class":61},[47,64857,9878],{"class":61},[47,64859,385],{"class":65},[47,64861,36351],{"class":69},[47,64863,385],{"class":65},[47,64865,75],{"class":61},[47,64867,14127],{"class":349},[47,64869,9891],{"class":61},[20,64871,64872,64873,64875,64876,110],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64874,53072],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[210,64877,53469],{"href":53468},[33,64879,5162],{"id":5161},[20,64881,57196,64882,110],{},[15,64883,25184],{},[244,64885,64887],{"id":64886},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64889,5169],{},[38,64891,64893],{"className":40,"code":64892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64894,64895,64899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64896,64897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64898,5179],{"class":152},[47,64900,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,64902,1892],{"class":106},[47,64904,117],{"class":61},[47,64906,917],{"class":349},[47,64908,75],{"class":61},[47,64910,2409],{"class":349},[47,64912,75],{"class":61},[47,64914,2414],{"class":349},[47,64916,132],{"class":61},[20,64918,64919,64921],{},[15,64920,25184],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64923,1613],{},[38,64925,64927],{"className":40,"code":64926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64928,64929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64930,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64932,139],{"class":138},[47,64934,117],{"class":61},[47,64936,1892],{"class":106},[47,64938,6155],{"class":61},[47,64940,917],{"class":349},[47,64942,75],{"class":61},[47,64944,2409],{"class":349},[47,64946,75],{"class":61},[47,64948,2414],{"class":349},[47,64950,2425],{"class":61},[244,64952,64954,64955],{"id":64953},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[47,64956,64957],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64959,64960],{},"This is a common surprise:",[38,64962,64964],{"className":40,"code":64963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64965,64966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64967,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64969,139],{"class":138},[47,64971,117],{"class":61},[47,64973,1892],{"class":106},[47,64975,117],{"class":61},[47,64977,66],{"class":65},[47,64979,4492],{"class":69},[47,64981,66],{"class":65},[47,64983,2266],{"class":61},[20,64985,372],{},[38,64987,64989],{"className":40,"code":64988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64990,64991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64992,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64994,669],{"class":61},[47,64996,385],{"class":65},[47,64998,60860],{"class":69},[47,65000,385],{"class":65},[47,65002,75],{"class":61},[47,65004,398],{"class":65},[47,65006,60869],{"class":69},[47,65008,385],{"class":65},[47,65010,75],{"class":61},[47,65012,398],{"class":65},[47,65014,60878],{"class":69},[47,65016,385],{"class":65},[47,65018,75],{"class":61},[47,65020,398],{"class":65},[47,65022,60878],{"class":69},[47,65024,385],{"class":65},[47,65026,75],{"class":61},[47,65028,398],{"class":65},[47,65030,60895],{"class":69},[47,65032,385],{"class":65},[47,65034,95],{"class":61},[20,65036,65037],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65039,65040],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[38,65042,65044],{"className":40,"code":65043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65045,65046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65047,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65049,139],{"class":138},[47,65051,1258],{"class":61},[47,65053,66],{"class":65},[47,65055,4492],{"class":69},[47,65057,66],{"class":65},[47,65059,2166],{"class":61},[244,65061,65063],{"id":65062},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65065,65066],{},"This:",[38,65068,65070],{"className":40,"code":65069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65071,65072,65104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65073,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65075,872],{"class":53},[47,65077,58],{"class":57},[47,65079,1096],{"class":61},[47,65081,66],{"class":65},[47,65083,210],{"class":69},[47,65085,66],{"class":65},[47,65087,172],{"class":61},[47,65089,2002],{"class":349},[47,65091,75],{"class":61},[47,65093,78],{"class":65},[47,65095,854],{"class":69},[47,65097,66],{"class":65},[47,65099,172],{"class":61},[47,65101,2409],{"class":349},[47,65103,421],{"class":61},[47,65105,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,65107,139],{"class":138},[47,65109,117],{"class":61},[47,65111,1892],{"class":106},[47,65113,117],{"class":61},[47,65115,898],{"class":113},[47,65117,2266],{"class":61},[20,65119,65120],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65122,156,65123,65126],{},[15,65124,65125],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[244,65128,65130],{"id":65129},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65132,65133,65135],{},[15,65134,25184],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65137,65138],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[33,65140,2429],{"id":2428},[244,65142,5823,65144,65146],{"id":65143},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[47,65145],{}," and list()?",[20,65148,65149,65150,65152,65153,65155],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65151,805],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65154,25184],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[244,65157,65159],{"id":65158},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65161,65162,65163,65165],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65164,25184],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[244,65167,65169],{"id":65168},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65171,65172],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[244,65174,65176],{"id":65175},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65178,65179],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[244,65181,65183],{"id":65182},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65185,65186,65187,65189],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65188,25184],{}," cannot loop through it.",[33,65191,2526],{"id":2525},[174,65193,65194,65198,65203,65207,65211,65215,65219,65224],{},[177,65195,65196],{},[210,65197,53191],{"href":51398},[177,65199,65200],{},[210,65201,65202],{"href":36606},"Python range() function explained",[177,65204,65205],{},[210,65206,63640],{"href":63639},[177,65208,65209],{},[210,65210,63972],{"href":63971},[177,65212,65213],{},[210,65214,5860],{"href":6231},[177,65216,65217],{},[210,65218,14408],{"href":14407},[177,65220,65221],{},[210,65222,65223],{"href":53019},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[177,65225,65226],{},[210,65227,54698],{"href":53468},[2563,65229,65230],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":65232},[65233,65234,65235,65236,65237,65244,65245,65246,65251,65252,65259,65267],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":63342,"depth":98,"text":63343},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":60041,"depth":98,"text":60042},{"id":63570,"depth":98,"text":63571,"children":65238},[65239,65240,65241,65242,65243],{"id":63574,"depth":135,"text":63575},{"id":63643,"depth":135,"text":63644},{"id":63721,"depth":135,"text":63722},{"id":63796,"depth":135,"text":63797},{"id":63863,"depth":135,"text":63864},{"id":63975,"depth":98,"text":63976},{"id":64111,"depth":98,"text":64112},{"id":64411,"depth":98,"text":64412,"children":65247},[65248,65249,65250],{"id":64420,"depth":135,"text":64421},{"id":64510,"depth":135,"text":64511},{"id":64604,"depth":135,"text":64605},{"id":64719,"depth":98,"text":64720},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":65253},[65254,65255,65257,65258],{"id":64886,"depth":135,"text":64887},{"id":64953,"depth":135,"text":65256},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65062,"depth":135,"text":65063},{"id":65129,"depth":135,"text":65130},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":65260},[65261,65263,65264,65265,65266],{"id":65143,"depth":135,"text":65262},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65158,"depth":135,"text":65159},{"id":65168,"depth":135,"text":65169},{"id":65175,"depth":135,"text":65176},{"id":65182,"depth":135,"text":65183},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63176,"description":65268},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65275,"title":65276,"body":65277,"description":66628,"extension":2611,"meta":66629,"navigation":357,"path":66630,"seo":66631,"stem":66632,"__hash__":66633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65278,"toc":66602},[65279,65284,65290,65299,65301,65374,65383,65388,65392,65408,65412,65414,65416,65435,65438,65466,65469,65494,65502,65504,65509,65516,65518,65575,65577,65585,65591,65595,65598,65671,65673,65681,65684,65707,65714,65720,65724,65730,65801,65803,65811,65820,65827,65834,65842,65986,65988,66005,66008,66047,66050,66054,66059,66061,66120,66126,66129,66236,66238,66253,66256,66263,66265,66269,66417,66420,66481,66484,66487,66508,66513,66517,66528,66531,66533,66538,66541,66549,66554,66560,66563,66569,66577,66579,66599],[10,65280,54762,65282,18],{"id":65281},"python-list-index-method",[15,65283,59389],{},[20,65285,65286,65289],{},[15,65287,65288],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65291,65292,65293,65296,65297,110],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[278,65294,65295],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65298,41118],{},[33,65300,4260],{"id":4259},[38,65302,65304],{"className":40,"code":65303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65305,65306,65338,65361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65307,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65309,8425],{"class":53},[47,65311,58],{"class":57},[47,65313,62],{"class":61},[47,65315,66],{"class":65},[47,65317,4720],{"class":69},[47,65319,66],{"class":65},[47,65321,75],{"class":61},[47,65323,78],{"class":65},[47,65325,4729],{"class":69},[47,65327,66],{"class":65},[47,65329,75],{"class":61},[47,65331,78],{"class":65},[47,65333,4738],{"class":69},[47,65335,66],{"class":65},[47,65337,95],{"class":61},[47,65339,65340,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,65341,65342],{"class":53},"position ",[47,65344,58],{"class":57},[47,65346,6609],{"class":53},[47,65348,110],{"class":61},[47,65350,36256],{"class":113},[47,65352,117],{"class":61},[47,65354,66],{"class":65},[47,65356,4729],{"class":69},[47,65358,66],{"class":65},[47,65360,132],{"class":61},[47,65362,65363,65365,65367,65370,65372],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,65364,139],{"class":138},[47,65366,117],{"class":61},[47,65368,65369],{"class":113},"position",[47,65371,4313],{"class":61},[47,65373,28184],{"class":152},[20,65375,156,65376,65379,65380,65382],{},[15,65377,65378],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65381,41118],{}," if the item is not found.",[33,65384,164,65386,167],{"id":65385},"what-listindex-does",[15,65387,65288],{},[20,65389,65390,172],{},[15,65391,65288],{},[174,65393,65394,65397,65400,65405],{},[177,65395,65396],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[177,65398,65399],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[177,65401,65402,65403],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65404,436],{},[177,65406,65407],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65409,54987,65410,110],{},[210,65411,53191],{"href":54990},[33,65413,2806],{"id":2805},[20,65415,31131],{},[38,65417,65419],{"className":40,"code":65418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65420,65421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65422,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65424,8985],{"class":53},[47,65426,110],{"class":61},[47,65428,36256],{"class":113},[47,65430,117],{"class":61},[47,65432,259],{"class":113},[47,65434,132],{"class":61},[20,65436,65437],{},"You can also limit the search:",[38,65439,65441],{"className":40,"code":65440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65442,65443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65444,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65446,8985],{"class":53},[47,65448,110],{"class":61},[47,65450,36256],{"class":113},[47,65452,117],{"class":61},[47,65454,259],{"class":113},[47,65456,75],{"class":61},[47,65458,36462],{"class":113},[47,65460,75],{"class":61},[47,65462,65463],{"class":113}," end",[47,65465,132],{"class":61},[20,65467,65468],{},"Here is what each part means:",[174,65470,65471,65476,65481,65486],{},[177,65472,65473,65475],{},[15,65474,259],{},": the item to search for",[177,65477,65478,65480],{},[15,65479,36483],{},": where the search begins",[177,65482,65483,65485],{},[15,65484,53080],{},": where the search stops",[177,65487,65488,5427,65490,65493],{},[15,65489,53080],{},[278,65491,65492],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65495,65496,65497,65499,65500,110],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65498,36483],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65501,53080],{},[33,65503,38433],{"id":38432},[20,65505,65506,65508],{},[15,65507,65288],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65510,65511,65512,65515],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[278,65513,65514],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65517,603],{},[38,65519,65521],{"className":40,"code":65520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65522,65523,65543,65561,65565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65524,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65526,4270],{"class":53},[47,65528,58],{"class":57},[47,65530,62],{"class":61},[47,65532,2981],{"class":349},[47,65534,75],{"class":61},[47,65536,8436],{"class":349},[47,65538,75],{"class":61},[47,65540,8441],{"class":349},[47,65542,95],{"class":61},[47,65544,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,65546,2879],{"class":53},[47,65548,58],{"class":57},[47,65550,4905],{"class":53},[47,65552,110],{"class":61},[47,65554,36256],{"class":113},[47,65556,117],{"class":61},[47,65558,16364],{"class":349},[47,65560,132],{"class":61},[47,65562,65563],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,65564,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,65566,65567,65569,65571,65573],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,65568,139],{"class":138},[47,65570,117],{"class":61},[47,65572,2914],{"class":113},[47,65574,132],{"class":61},[20,65576,372],{},[38,65578,65579],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65580,65581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65582,65583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65584,47334],{"class":349},[20,65586,65587,65588,65590],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65589,59389],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[33,65592,65594],{"id":65593},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65596,65597],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[38,65599,65601],{"className":40,"code":65600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65602,65603,65635,65657,65661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65604,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65606,36650],{"class":53},[47,65608,58],{"class":57},[47,65610,62],{"class":61},[47,65612,66],{"class":65},[47,65614,4720],{"class":69},[47,65616,66],{"class":65},[47,65618,75],{"class":61},[47,65620,78],{"class":65},[47,65622,4729],{"class":69},[47,65624,66],{"class":65},[47,65626,75],{"class":61},[47,65628,78],{"class":65},[47,65630,4738],{"class":69},[47,65632,66],{"class":65},[47,65634,95],{"class":61},[47,65636,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,65638,65342],{"class":53},[47,65640,58],{"class":57},[47,65642,53271],{"class":53},[47,65644,110],{"class":61},[47,65646,36256],{"class":113},[47,65648,117],{"class":61},[47,65650,66],{"class":65},[47,65652,4738],{"class":69},[47,65654,66],{"class":65},[47,65656,132],{"class":61},[47,65658,65659],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,65660,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,65662,65663,65665,65667,65669],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,65664,139],{"class":138},[47,65666,117],{"class":61},[47,65668,65369],{"class":113},[47,65670,132],{"class":61},[20,65672,372],{},[38,65674,65675],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65676,65677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65678,65679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65680,17665],{"class":349},[20,65682,65683],{},"In this list:",[174,65685,65686,65693,65700],{},[177,65687,65688,65690,65691],{},[15,65689,58254],{}," is at index ",[15,65692,436],{},[177,65694,65695,65690,65698],{},[15,65696,65697],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65699,917],{},[177,65701,65702,65690,65705],{},[15,65703,65704],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65706,2705],{},[20,65708,54073,65709,3048,65712,110],{},[15,65710,65711],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65713,2705],{},[20,65715,51962,65716,110],{},[210,65717,65719],{"href":65718},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[33,65721,65723],{"id":65722},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65725,65726,65727,65729],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65728,59389],{}," returns the first match only.",[38,65731,65733],{"className":40,"code":65732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65734,65735,65775,65779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65736,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65738,332],{"class":53},[47,65740,58],{"class":57},[47,65742,62],{"class":61},[47,65744,66],{"class":65},[47,65746,305],{"class":69},[47,65748,66],{"class":65},[47,65750,75],{"class":61},[47,65752,78],{"class":65},[47,65754,323],{"class":69},[47,65756,66],{"class":65},[47,65758,75],{"class":61},[47,65760,78],{"class":65},[47,65762,305],{"class":69},[47,65764,66],{"class":65},[47,65766,75],{"class":61},[47,65768,78],{"class":65},[47,65770,314],{"class":69},[47,65772,66],{"class":65},[47,65774,95],{"class":61},[47,65776,65777],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,65778,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,65780,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,65782,139],{"class":138},[47,65784,117],{"class":61},[47,65786,367],{"class":113},[47,65788,110],{"class":61},[47,65790,36256],{"class":113},[47,65792,117],{"class":61},[47,65794,66],{"class":65},[47,65796,305],{"class":69},[47,65798,66],{"class":65},[47,65800,2266],{"class":61},[20,65802,372],{},[38,65804,65805],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65806,65807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65808,65809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65810,47669],{"class":349},[20,65812,21379,65813,65816,65817,65819],{},[15,65814,65815],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65818,436],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65821,65822,65823,110],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[210,65824,55940,65825,1637],{"href":59448},[15,65826,57711],{},[33,65828,453,65830,5036,65832],{"id":65829},"using-start-and-end",[15,65831,36483],{},[15,65833,53080],{},[20,65835,65836,65837,5036,65839,65841],{},"The optional ",[15,65838,36483],{},[15,65840,53080],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[38,65843,65845],{"className":40,"code":65844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65846,65847,65895,65899,65924,65953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65848,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65850,36501],{"class":53},[47,65852,58],{"class":57},[47,65854,62],{"class":61},[47,65856,66],{"class":65},[47,65858,210],{"class":69},[47,65860,66],{"class":65},[47,65862,75],{"class":61},[47,65864,78],{"class":65},[47,65866,854],{"class":69},[47,65868,66],{"class":65},[47,65870,75],{"class":61},[47,65872,78],{"class":65},[47,65874,863],{"class":69},[47,65876,66],{"class":65},[47,65878,75],{"class":61},[47,65880,78],{"class":65},[47,65882,854],{"class":69},[47,65884,66],{"class":65},[47,65886,75],{"class":61},[47,65888,78],{"class":65},[47,65890,1693],{"class":69},[47,65892,66],{"class":65},[47,65894,95],{"class":61},[47,65896,65897],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,65898,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,65900,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,65902,139],{"class":138},[47,65904,117],{"class":61},[47,65906,36554],{"class":113},[47,65908,110],{"class":61},[47,65910,36256],{"class":113},[47,65912,117],{"class":61},[47,65914,66],{"class":65},[47,65916,854],{"class":69},[47,65918,66],{"class":65},[47,65920,6006],{"class":61},[47,65922,65923],{"class":152},"        # first match\n",[47,65925,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,65927,139],{"class":138},[47,65929,117],{"class":61},[47,65931,36554],{"class":113},[47,65933,110],{"class":61},[47,65935,36256],{"class":113},[47,65937,117],{"class":61},[47,65939,66],{"class":65},[47,65941,854],{"class":69},[47,65943,66],{"class":65},[47,65945,75],{"class":61},[47,65947,2409],{"class":349},[47,65949,6006],{"class":61},[47,65951,65952],{"class":152},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[47,65954,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,65956,139],{"class":138},[47,65958,117],{"class":61},[47,65960,36554],{"class":113},[47,65962,110],{"class":61},[47,65964,36256],{"class":113},[47,65966,117],{"class":61},[47,65968,66],{"class":65},[47,65970,854],{"class":69},[47,65972,66],{"class":65},[47,65974,75],{"class":61},[47,65976,2002],{"class":349},[47,65978,75],{"class":61},[47,65980,3108],{"class":349},[47,65982,6006],{"class":61},[47,65984,65985],{"class":152},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65987,372],{},[38,65989,65991],{"className":40,"code":65990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65992,65993,65997,66001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65994,65995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65996,47334],{"class":349},[47,65998,65999],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66000,47034],{"class":349},[47,66002,66003],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,66004,47334],{"class":349},[20,66006,66007],{},"How this works:",[174,66009,66010,66022,66035],{},[177,66011,66012,66015,66016,66019,66020],{},[15,66013,66014],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66017,66018],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66021,917],{},[177,66023,66024,66027,66028,66030,66031,66019,66033],{},[15,66025,66026],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66029,2705],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66032,66018],{},[15,66034,2711],{},[177,66036,66037,66040,66041,2838,66043,17681,66045],{},[15,66038,66039],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66042,917],{},[15,66044,2705],{},[15,66046,2711],{},[20,66048,66049],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[33,66051,66053],{"id":66052},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66055,66056,66057,110],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66058,41118],{},[20,66060,603],{},[38,66062,66064],{"className":40,"code":66063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66065,66066,66098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66067,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66069,8425],{"class":53},[47,66071,58],{"class":57},[47,66073,62],{"class":61},[47,66075,66],{"class":65},[47,66077,4720],{"class":69},[47,66079,66],{"class":65},[47,66081,75],{"class":61},[47,66083,78],{"class":65},[47,66085,4729],{"class":69},[47,66087,66],{"class":65},[47,66089,75],{"class":61},[47,66091,78],{"class":65},[47,66093,4738],{"class":69},[47,66095,66],{"class":65},[47,66097,95],{"class":61},[47,66099,66100,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66101,139],{"class":138},[47,66103,117],{"class":61},[47,66105,8456],{"class":113},[47,66107,110],{"class":61},[47,66109,36256],{"class":113},[47,66111,117],{"class":61},[47,66113,66],{"class":65},[47,66115,33628],{"class":69},[47,66117,66],{"class":65},[47,66119,2266],{"class":61},[20,66121,40067,66122,66125],{},[15,66123,66124],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66127,66128],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[38,66130,66132],{"className":40,"code":66131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66133,66134,66166,66179,66183,66196,66215,66221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66135,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66137,8425],{"class":53},[47,66139,58],{"class":57},[47,66141,62],{"class":61},[47,66143,66],{"class":65},[47,66145,4720],{"class":69},[47,66147,66],{"class":65},[47,66149,75],{"class":61},[47,66151,78],{"class":65},[47,66153,4729],{"class":69},[47,66155,66],{"class":65},[47,66157,75],{"class":61},[47,66159,78],{"class":65},[47,66161,4738],{"class":69},[47,66163,66],{"class":65},[47,66165,95],{"class":61},[47,66167,66168,66171,66173,66175,66177],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66169,66170],{"class":53},"search_value ",[47,66172,58],{"class":57},[47,66174,78],{"class":65},[47,66176,33628],{"class":69},[47,66178,689],{"class":65},[47,66180,66181],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,66182,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,66184,66185,66187,66190,66192,66194],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,66186,7642],{"class":1107},[47,66188,66189],{"class":53}," search_value ",[47,66191,1114],{"class":57},[47,66193,6609],{"class":53},[47,66195,7038],{"class":61},[47,66197,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66213],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,66199,8715],{"class":138},[47,66201,117],{"class":61},[47,66203,8456],{"class":113},[47,66205,110],{"class":61},[47,66207,36256],{"class":113},[47,66209,117],{"class":61},[47,66211,66212],{"class":113},"search_value",[47,66214,2266],{"class":61},[47,66216,66217,66219],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,66218,27838],{"class":1107},[47,66220,7038],{"class":61},[47,66222,66223,66225,66227,66229,66232,66234],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,66224,8715],{"class":138},[47,66226,117],{"class":61},[47,66228,66],{"class":65},[47,66230,66231],{"class":69},"Item not found",[47,66233,66],{"class":65},[47,66235,132],{"class":61},[20,66237,372],{},[38,66239,66241],{"className":40,"code":66240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Item not found\n",[15,66242,66243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66244,66245,66248,66250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66246,66247],{"class":53},"Item ",[47,66249,1369],{"class":57},[47,66251,66252],{"class":53}," found\n",[20,66254,66255],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66257,66258,66259,110],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[210,66260,66262],{"href":66261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[33,66264,5162],{"id":5161},[20,66266,21613,66267,172],{},[15,66268,65288],{},[174,66270,66271,66289,66301,66361],{},[177,66272,26178,66273,3048,66275,66278,66279,66281,66282,5804,66284,66286,66287,110],{},[15,66274,59389],{},[15,66276,66277],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10484,66280],{},"\nPython does ",[278,66283,1369],{},[15,66285,66277],{},". It raises ",[15,66288,41118],{},[177,66290,66291,66292,66294,66297,66298,66300],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10484,66293],{},[15,66295,66296],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66299,65697],{},", not the value itself.",[177,66302,453,66303,11728,66306,66308,66310,66311,17265,66313,66336,17253,66338],{},[15,66304,66305],{},"index[]",[15,66307,59389],{},[10484,66309],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10484,66312],{},[38,66314,66316],{"className":40,"code":66315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66317,66318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66319,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66321,8456],{"class":53},[47,66323,110],{"class":61},[47,66325,36256],{"class":113},[47,66327,117],{"class":61},[47,66329,66],{"class":65},[47,66331,4729],{"class":69},[47,66333,66],{"class":65},[47,66335,132],{"class":61},[10484,66337],{},[38,66339,66341],{"className":40,"code":66340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66342,66343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66344,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66346,8456],{"class":53},[47,66348,110],{"class":61},[47,66350,36256],{"class":25153},[47,66352,669],{"class":61},[47,66354,66],{"class":65},[47,66356,4729],{"class":69},[47,66358,66],{"class":65},[47,66360,95],{"class":61},[177,66362,66363,66364,66366,5036,66369,66371,66372],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10484,66365],{},[15,66367,66368],{},"\"3\"",[15,66370,2711],{}," are different values in Python.",[38,66373,66375],{"className":40,"code":66374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66376,66377,66397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66378,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66380,4270],{"class":53},[47,66382,58],{"class":57},[47,66384,62],{"class":61},[47,66386,917],{"class":349},[47,66388,75],{"class":61},[47,66390,2409],{"class":349},[47,66392,75],{"class":61},[47,66394,2414],{"class":349},[47,66396,95],{"class":61},[47,66398,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66400,139],{"class":138},[47,66402,117],{"class":61},[47,66404,66],{"class":65},[47,66406,2711],{"class":69},[47,66408,66],{"class":65},[47,66410,21575],{"class":1107},[47,66412,4905],{"class":113},[47,66414,4313],{"class":61},[47,66416,5415],{"class":152},[20,66418,66419],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,66421,66423],{"className":40,"code":66422,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66424,66425,66435,66449,66463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66426,66427,66429,66431,66433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66428,139],{"class":138},[47,66430,117],{"class":61},[47,66432,8985],{"class":113},[47,66434,132],{"class":61},[47,66436,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66438,139],{"class":138},[47,66440,117],{"class":61},[47,66442,2392],{"class":106},[47,66444,117],{"class":61},[47,66446,66212],{"class":113},[47,66448,2266],{"class":61},[47,66450,66451,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,66452,139],{"class":138},[47,66454,117],{"class":61},[47,66456,66170],{"class":113},[47,66458,1114],{"class":1107},[47,66460,9042],{"class":113},[47,66462,132],{"class":61},[47,66464,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,66466,139],{"class":138},[47,66468,117],{"class":61},[47,66470,8985],{"class":113},[47,66472,110],{"class":61},[47,66474,36256],{"class":113},[47,66476,117],{"class":61},[47,66478,66212],{"class":113},[47,66480,2266],{"class":61},[20,66482,66483],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66485,66486],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[174,66488,66489,66492,66499,66505],{},[177,66490,66491],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[177,66493,66494,66495,11728,66497],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66496,66368],{},[15,66498,2711],{},[177,66500,66501,66502,66504],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66503,59389],{}," returns only the first one",[177,66506,66507],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[33,66509,1216,66511],{"id":66510},"when-to-use-index",[15,66512,59389],{},[20,66514,156,66515,11238],{},[15,66516,59389],{},[174,66518,66519,66522,66525],{},[177,66520,66521],{},"You need the position of a known value",[177,66523,66524],{},"You are working with a small list",[177,66526,66527],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66529,66530],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[33,66532,2429],{"id":2428},[244,66534,5785,66536,5788],{"id":66535},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66537,65288],{},[20,66539,66540],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[244,66542,2433,66544,5804,66546,66548],{"id":66543},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66545,65288],{},[15,66547,66277],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66550,66551,66552,7275],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66553,41118],{},[244,66555,5813,66557,66559],{"id":66556},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66558,65288],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66561,66562],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[244,66564,66566,66567,3143],{"id":66565},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66568,59389],{},[20,66570,66571,66572,5036,66574,66576],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66573,36483],{},[15,66575,53080],{}," arguments.",[33,66578,2526],{"id":2525},[174,66580,66581,66585,66589,66593],{},[177,66582,66583],{},[210,66584,59377],{"href":65718},[177,66586,66587],{},[210,66588,53191],{"href":54990},[177,66590,66591],{},[210,66592,66262],{"href":66261},[177,66594,66595],{},[210,66596,55940,66597,1637],{"href":59448},[15,66598,57711],{},[2563,66600,66601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":66603},[66604,66605,66607,66608,66609,66610,66611,66613,66614,66615,66617,66627],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":65385,"depth":98,"text":66606},"What list.index() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":38432,"depth":98,"text":38433},{"id":65593,"depth":98,"text":65594},{"id":65722,"depth":98,"text":65723},{"id":65829,"depth":98,"text":66612},"Using start and end",{"id":66052,"depth":98,"text":66053},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162},{"id":66510,"depth":98,"text":66616},"When to use index()",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":66618},[66619,66621,66623,66625],{"id":66535,"depth":135,"text":66620},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66543,"depth":135,"text":66622},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66556,"depth":135,"text":66624},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66565,"depth":135,"text":66626},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65276,"description":66628},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66635,"title":66636,"body":66637,"description":68579,"extension":2611,"meta":68580,"navigation":357,"path":68581,"seo":68582,"stem":68583,"__hash__":68584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66638,"toc":68539},[66639,66644,66649,66652,66661,66718,66724,66729,66733,66747,66753,66755,66778,66795,66797,66858,66860,66892,66905,66907,66910,67010,67012,67090,67096,67100,67108,67112,67118,67173,67175,67199,67203,67206,67259,67261,67285,67289,67292,67345,67347,67371,67375,67381,67452,67454,67495,67501,67508,67511,67516,67524,67529,67537,67539,67636,67638,67707,67714,67719,67721,67725,67730,67732,67803,67805,67834,67840,67842,67869,67872,67895,67899,67902,67924,67927,67950,67952,68012,68014,68046,68052,68057,68110,68112,68137,68140,68189,68191,68212,68216,68221,68224,68279,68281,68308,68315,68319,68324,68395,68398,68412,68417,68422,68424,68438,68450,68455,68457,68462,68467,68471,68474,68480,68486,68493,68501,68503,68536],[10,66640,54762,66642,18],{"id":66641},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66643,54688],{},[20,66645,66646,66648],{},[15,66647,54331],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66650,66651],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66653,156,66654,66656,66657,110],{},[15,66655,54688],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[210,66658,55940,66659,1637],{"href":57189},[15,66660,53072],{},[38,66662,66664],{"className":40,"code":66663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66665,66666,66686,66704,66714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66667,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66669,4270],{"class":53},[47,66671,58],{"class":57},[47,66673,62],{"class":61},[47,66675,917],{"class":349},[47,66677,75],{"class":61},[47,66679,2409],{"class":349},[47,66681,75],{"class":61},[47,66683,3108],{"class":349},[47,66685,95],{"class":61},[47,66687,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66689,4300],{"class":53},[47,66691,110],{"class":61},[47,66693,54371],{"class":113},[47,66695,117],{"class":61},[47,66697,2705],{"class":349},[47,66699,75],{"class":61},[47,66701,2414],{"class":349},[47,66703,132],{"class":61},[47,66705,66706,66708,66710,66712],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,66707,139],{"class":138},[47,66709,117],{"class":61},[47,66711,4300],{"class":113},[47,66713,132],{"class":61},[47,66715,66716],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,66717,53143],{"class":152},[20,66719,156,66720,66723],{},[15,66721,66722],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[33,66725,164,66727,167],{"id":66726},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66728,54331],{},[20,66730,66731,172],{},[15,66732,54331],{},[174,66734,66735,66738,66741,66743],{},[177,66736,66737],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[177,66739,66740],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[177,66742,54848],{},[177,66744,12057,66745],{},[15,66746,269],{},[20,66748,66749,66750,66752],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66751,54688],{}," does not create a new list.",[33,66754,6076],{"id":6075},[38,66756,66758],{"className":40,"code":66757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66759,66760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66761,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66763,8985],{"class":53},[47,66765,110],{"class":61},[47,66767,54371],{"class":113},[47,66769,117],{"class":61},[47,66771,36256],{"class":113},[47,66773,75],{"class":61},[47,66775,29912],{"class":113},[47,66777,132],{"class":61},[174,66779,66780,66785,66790],{},[177,66781,66782,66784],{},[15,66783,36256],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[177,66786,66787,66789],{},[15,66788,23713],{}," is the value to add",[177,66791,66792,66793],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66794,436],{},[20,66796,603],{},[38,66798,66800],{"className":40,"code":66799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66801,66802,66826,66848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66803,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66805,36501],{"class":53},[47,66807,58],{"class":57},[47,66809,62],{"class":61},[47,66811,66],{"class":65},[47,66813,210],{"class":69},[47,66815,66],{"class":65},[47,66817,75],{"class":61},[47,66819,78],{"class":65},[47,66821,863],{"class":69},[47,66823,66],{"class":65},[47,66825,95],{"class":61},[47,66827,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66829,36554],{"class":53},[47,66831,110],{"class":61},[47,66833,54371],{"class":113},[47,66835,117],{"class":61},[47,66837,917],{"class":349},[47,66839,75],{"class":61},[47,66841,78],{"class":65},[47,66843,854],{"class":69},[47,66845,66],{"class":65},[47,66847,132],{"class":61},[47,66849,66850,66852,66854,66856],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,66851,139],{"class":138},[47,66853,117],{"class":61},[47,66855,36554],{"class":113},[47,66857,132],{"class":61},[20,66859,372],{},[38,66861,66862],{"className":40,"code":43291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66863,66864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66865,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66867,669],{"class":61},[47,66869,385],{"class":65},[47,66871,210],{"class":69},[47,66873,385],{"class":65},[47,66875,75],{"class":61},[47,66877,398],{"class":65},[47,66879,854],{"class":69},[47,66881,385],{"class":65},[47,66883,75],{"class":61},[47,66885,398],{"class":65},[47,66887,863],{"class":69},[47,66889,385],{"class":65},[47,66891,95],{"class":61},[20,66893,21172,66894,66896,66897,66899,66900,5036,66902,110],{},[15,66895,66018],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66898,917],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66901,994],{},[15,66903,66904],{},"\"c\"",[33,66906,284],{"id":283},[20,66908,66909],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[38,66911,66913],{"className":40,"code":66912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66914,66915,66947,66965,66969,66991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66918,332],{"class":53},[47,66920,58],{"class":57},[47,66922,62],{"class":61},[47,66924,66],{"class":65},[47,66926,305],{"class":69},[47,66928,66],{"class":65},[47,66930,75],{"class":61},[47,66932,78],{"class":65},[47,66934,323],{"class":69},[47,66936,66],{"class":65},[47,66938,75],{"class":61},[47,66940,78],{"class":65},[47,66942,314],{"class":69},[47,66944,66],{"class":65},[47,66946,95],{"class":61},[47,66948,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,66950,139],{"class":138},[47,66952,117],{"class":61},[47,66954,66],{"class":65},[47,66956,12195],{"class":69},[47,66958,66],{"class":65},[47,66960,75],{"class":61},[47,66962,13746],{"class":113},[47,66964,132],{"class":61},[47,66966,66967],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,66968,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,66970,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,66972,367],{"class":53},[47,66974,110],{"class":61},[47,66976,54371],{"class":113},[47,66978,117],{"class":61},[47,66980,917],{"class":349},[47,66982,75],{"class":61},[47,66984,78],{"class":65},[47,66986,22926],{"class":69},[47,66988,66],{"class":65},[47,66990,132],{"class":61},[47,66992,66993,66995,66997,66999,67002,67004,67006,67008],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,66994,139],{"class":138},[47,66996,117],{"class":61},[47,66998,66],{"class":65},[47,67000,67001],{"class":69},"After: ",[47,67003,66],{"class":65},[47,67005,75],{"class":61},[47,67007,13746],{"class":113},[47,67009,132],{"class":61},[20,67011,372],{},[38,67013,67015],{"className":40,"code":67014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67016,67017,67049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67018,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67020,12255],{"class":53},[47,67022,172],{"class":61},[47,67024,62],{"class":61},[47,67026,385],{"class":65},[47,67028,305],{"class":69},[47,67030,385],{"class":65},[47,67032,75],{"class":61},[47,67034,398],{"class":65},[47,67036,323],{"class":69},[47,67038,385],{"class":65},[47,67040,75],{"class":61},[47,67042,398],{"class":65},[47,67044,314],{"class":69},[47,67046,385],{"class":65},[47,67048,95],{"class":61},[47,67050,67051,67053,67055,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67052,12308],{"class":53},[47,67054,172],{"class":61},[47,67056,67057],{"class":61},"  [",[47,67059,385],{"class":65},[47,67061,305],{"class":69},[47,67063,385],{"class":65},[47,67065,75],{"class":61},[47,67067,398],{"class":65},[47,67069,22926],{"class":69},[47,67071,385],{"class":65},[47,67073,75],{"class":61},[47,67075,398],{"class":65},[47,67077,323],{"class":69},[47,67079,385],{"class":65},[47,67081,75],{"class":61},[47,67083,398],{"class":65},[47,67085,314],{"class":69},[47,67087,385],{"class":65},[47,67089,95],{"class":61},[20,67091,67092,67093,67095],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67094,917],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[33,67097,67099],{"id":67098},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67101,2628,67102,35739,67104,67107],{},[15,67103,36256],{},[15,67105,67106],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[244,67109,67111],{"id":67110},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67113,67114,67115,67117],{},"Use index ",[15,67116,436],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[38,67119,67121],{"className":40,"code":67120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67122,67123,67144,67163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67124,67125,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67126,67127],{"class":53},"nums ",[47,67129,58],{"class":57},[47,67131,62],{"class":61},[47,67133,2705],{"class":349},[47,67135,75],{"class":61},[47,67137,2414],{"class":349},[47,67139,75],{"class":61},[47,67141,3108],{"class":349},[47,67143,95],{"class":61},[47,67145,67146,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67147,67148],{"class":53},"nums",[47,67150,110],{"class":61},[47,67152,54371],{"class":113},[47,67154,117],{"class":61},[47,67156,436],{"class":349},[47,67158,75],{"class":61},[47,67160,2002],{"class":349},[47,67162,132],{"class":61},[47,67164,67165,67167,67169,67171],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,67166,139],{"class":138},[47,67168,117],{"class":61},[47,67170,67148],{"class":113},[47,67172,132],{"class":61},[20,67174,372],{},[38,67176,67177],{"className":40,"code":53925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67178,67179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67180,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67182,669],{"class":61},[47,67184,917],{"class":349},[47,67186,75],{"class":61},[47,67188,2409],{"class":349},[47,67190,75],{"class":61},[47,67192,2414],{"class":349},[47,67194,75],{"class":61},[47,67196,3108],{"class":349},[47,67198,95],{"class":61},[244,67200,67202],{"id":67201},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67204,67205],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[38,67207,67209],{"className":40,"code":67208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67210,67211,67231,67249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67212,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67214,67127],{"class":53},[47,67216,58],{"class":57},[47,67218,62],{"class":61},[47,67220,917],{"class":349},[47,67222,75],{"class":61},[47,67224,2409],{"class":349},[47,67226,75],{"class":61},[47,67228,3108],{"class":349},[47,67230,95],{"class":61},[47,67232,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67234,67148],{"class":53},[47,67236,110],{"class":61},[47,67238,54371],{"class":113},[47,67240,117],{"class":61},[47,67242,2705],{"class":349},[47,67244,75],{"class":61},[47,67246,2414],{"class":349},[47,67248,132],{"class":61},[47,67250,67251,67253,67255,67257],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,67252,139],{"class":138},[47,67254,117],{"class":61},[47,67256,67148],{"class":113},[47,67258,132],{"class":61},[20,67260,372],{},[38,67262,67263],{"className":40,"code":53925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67264,67265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67266,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67268,669],{"class":61},[47,67270,917],{"class":349},[47,67272,75],{"class":61},[47,67274,2409],{"class":349},[47,67276,75],{"class":61},[47,67278,2414],{"class":349},[47,67280,75],{"class":61},[47,67282,3108],{"class":349},[47,67284,95],{"class":61},[244,67286,67288],{"id":67287},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67290,67291],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[38,67293,67295],{"className":40,"code":67294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67296,67297,67317,67335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67298,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67300,67127],{"class":53},[47,67302,58],{"class":57},[47,67304,62],{"class":61},[47,67306,917],{"class":349},[47,67308,75],{"class":61},[47,67310,2409],{"class":349},[47,67312,75],{"class":61},[47,67314,2414],{"class":349},[47,67316,95],{"class":61},[47,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67320,67148],{"class":53},[47,67322,110],{"class":61},[47,67324,54371],{"class":113},[47,67326,117],{"class":61},[47,67328,2981],{"class":349},[47,67330,75],{"class":61},[47,67332,3108],{"class":349},[47,67334,132],{"class":61},[47,67336,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,67338,139],{"class":138},[47,67340,117],{"class":61},[47,67342,67148],{"class":113},[47,67344,132],{"class":61},[20,67346,372],{},[38,67348,67349],{"className":40,"code":53925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67350,67351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67352,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67354,669],{"class":61},[47,67356,917],{"class":349},[47,67358,75],{"class":61},[47,67360,2409],{"class":349},[47,67362,75],{"class":61},[47,67364,2414],{"class":349},[47,67366,75],{"class":61},[47,67368,3108],{"class":349},[47,67370,95],{"class":61},[244,67372,67374],{"id":67373},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67376,67377,67378,67380],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67379,54688],{}," places the item before that position.",[38,67382,67384],{"className":40,"code":67383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67385,67386,67418,67442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67387,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67389,36501],{"class":53},[47,67391,58],{"class":57},[47,67393,62],{"class":61},[47,67395,66],{"class":65},[47,67397,210],{"class":69},[47,67399,66],{"class":65},[47,67401,75],{"class":61},[47,67403,78],{"class":65},[47,67405,854],{"class":69},[47,67407,66],{"class":65},[47,67409,75],{"class":61},[47,67411,78],{"class":65},[47,67413,1693],{"class":69},[47,67415,66],{"class":65},[47,67417,95],{"class":61},[47,67419,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67421,36554],{"class":53},[47,67423,110],{"class":61},[47,67425,54371],{"class":113},[47,67427,117],{"class":61},[47,67429,2670],{"class":57},[47,67431,917],{"class":349},[47,67433,75],{"class":61},[47,67435,78],{"class":65},[47,67437,863],{"class":69},[47,67439,66],{"class":65},[47,67441,132],{"class":61},[47,67443,67444,67446,67448,67450],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,67445,139],{"class":138},[47,67447,117],{"class":61},[47,67449,36554],{"class":113},[47,67451,132],{"class":61},[20,67453,372],{},[38,67455,67457],{"className":40,"code":67456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67458,67459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67460,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67462,669],{"class":61},[47,67464,385],{"class":65},[47,67466,210],{"class":69},[47,67468,385],{"class":65},[47,67470,75],{"class":61},[47,67472,398],{"class":65},[47,67474,854],{"class":69},[47,67476,385],{"class":65},[47,67478,75],{"class":61},[47,67480,398],{"class":65},[47,67482,863],{"class":69},[47,67484,385],{"class":65},[47,67486,75],{"class":61},[47,67488,398],{"class":65},[47,67490,1693],{"class":69},[47,67492,385],{"class":65},[47,67494,95],{"class":61},[20,67496,67497,67498,2954],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[210,67499,67500],{"href":51398},"Python lists beginner guide",[33,67502,67504,11222,67506],{"id":67503},"insert-vs-append",[15,67505,54688],{},[15,67507,53072],{},[20,67509,67510],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[244,67512,156,67514,11238],{"id":67513},"use-insert-when",[15,67515,54688],{},[174,67517,67518,67521],{},[177,67519,67520],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[177,67522,67523],{},"The order of the list matters",[244,67525,156,67527,11238],{"id":67526},"use-append-when",[15,67528,53072],{},[174,67530,67531,67534],{},[177,67532,67533],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[177,67535,67536],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67538,603],{},[38,67540,67542],{"className":40,"code":67541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67543,67544,67568,67572,67594,67604,67608,67626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67545,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67547,8425],{"class":53},[47,67549,58],{"class":57},[47,67551,62],{"class":61},[47,67553,66],{"class":65},[47,67555,4720],{"class":69},[47,67557,66],{"class":65},[47,67559,75],{"class":61},[47,67561,78],{"class":65},[47,67563,33628],{"class":69},[47,67565,66],{"class":65},[47,67567,95],{"class":61},[47,67569,67570],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67571,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,67575,8456],{"class":53},[47,67577,110],{"class":61},[47,67579,54371],{"class":113},[47,67581,117],{"class":61},[47,67583,917],{"class":349},[47,67585,75],{"class":61},[47,67587,78],{"class":65},[47,67589,4729],{"class":69},[47,67591,66],{"class":65},[47,67593,132],{"class":61},[47,67595,67596,67598,67600,67602],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,67597,139],{"class":138},[47,67599,117],{"class":61},[47,67601,8456],{"class":113},[47,67603,132],{"class":61},[47,67605,67606],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,67607,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,67609,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,67611,8456],{"class":53},[47,67613,110],{"class":61},[47,67615,912],{"class":113},[47,67617,117],{"class":61},[47,67619,66],{"class":65},[47,67621,22935],{"class":69},[47,67623,66],{"class":65},[47,67625,132],{"class":61},[47,67627,67628,67630,67632,67634],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,67629,139],{"class":138},[47,67631,117],{"class":61},[47,67633,8456],{"class":113},[47,67635,132],{"class":61},[20,67637,372],{},[38,67639,67641],{"className":40,"code":67640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67642,67643,67671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67644,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667,67669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67646,669],{"class":61},[47,67648,385],{"class":65},[47,67650,4720],{"class":69},[47,67652,385],{"class":65},[47,67654,75],{"class":61},[47,67656,398],{"class":65},[47,67658,4729],{"class":69},[47,67660,385],{"class":65},[47,67662,75],{"class":61},[47,67664,398],{"class":65},[47,67666,33628],{"class":69},[47,67668,385],{"class":65},[47,67670,95],{"class":61},[47,67672,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67674,669],{"class":61},[47,67676,385],{"class":65},[47,67678,4720],{"class":69},[47,67680,385],{"class":65},[47,67682,75],{"class":61},[47,67684,398],{"class":65},[47,67686,4729],{"class":69},[47,67688,385],{"class":65},[47,67690,75],{"class":61},[47,67692,398],{"class":65},[47,67694,33628],{"class":69},[47,67696,385],{"class":65},[47,67698,75],{"class":61},[47,67700,398],{"class":65},[47,67702,22935],{"class":69},[47,67704,385],{"class":65},[47,67706,95],{"class":61},[20,67708,67709,67710,110],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[210,67711,55940,67712,1637],{"href":57189},[15,67713,53072],{},[20,67715,67716,67717,110],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[210,67718,53469],{"href":53468},[33,67720,5162],{"id":5161},[20,67722,1644,67723,110],{},[15,67724,54688],{},[244,67726,13223,67728],{"id":67727},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67729,54688],{},[20,67731,26094],{},[38,67733,67735],{"className":40,"code":67734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67736,67737,67757,67779,67783,67793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67738,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67740,4270],{"class":53},[47,67742,58],{"class":57},[47,67744,62],{"class":61},[47,67746,917],{"class":349},[47,67748,75],{"class":61},[47,67750,2409],{"class":349},[47,67752,75],{"class":61},[47,67754,2414],{"class":349},[47,67756,95],{"class":61},[47,67758,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67760,2879],{"class":53},[47,67762,58],{"class":57},[47,67764,4905],{"class":53},[47,67766,110],{"class":61},[47,67768,54371],{"class":113},[47,67770,117],{"class":61},[47,67772,917],{"class":349},[47,67774,75],{"class":61},[47,67776,10835],{"class":349},[47,67778,132],{"class":61},[47,67780,67781],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,67782,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,67784,67785,67787,67789,67791],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,67786,139],{"class":138},[47,67788,117],{"class":61},[47,67790,2914],{"class":113},[47,67792,132],{"class":61},[47,67794,67795,67797,67799,67801],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,67796,139],{"class":138},[47,67798,117],{"class":61},[47,67800,4300],{"class":113},[47,67802,132],{"class":61},[20,67804,372],{},[38,67806,67808],{"className":40,"code":67807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67809,67810,67814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67811,67812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67813,12438],{"class":559},[47,67815,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67817,669],{"class":61},[47,67819,917],{"class":349},[47,67821,75],{"class":61},[47,67823,10835],{"class":349},[47,67825,75],{"class":61},[47,67827,2409],{"class":349},[47,67829,75],{"class":61},[47,67831,2414],{"class":349},[47,67833,95],{"class":61},[20,67835,67836,54573,67838,110],{},[15,67837,54688],{},[15,67839,269],{},[20,67841,17253],{},[38,67843,67845],{"className":40,"code":67844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67846,67847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67848,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67850,56310],{"class":53},[47,67852,58],{"class":57},[47,67854,4905],{"class":53},[47,67856,110],{"class":61},[47,67858,54371],{"class":113},[47,67860,117],{"class":61},[47,67862,917],{"class":349},[47,67864,75],{"class":61},[47,67866,10835],{"class":349},[47,67868,132],{"class":61},[20,67870,67871],{},"Right:",[38,67873,67875],{"className":40,"code":67874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67876,67877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67878,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67880,4300],{"class":53},[47,67882,110],{"class":61},[47,67884,54371],{"class":113},[47,67886,117],{"class":61},[47,67888,917],{"class":349},[47,67890,75],{"class":61},[47,67892,10835],{"class":349},[47,67894,132],{"class":61},[244,67896,67898],{"id":67897},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67900,67901],{},"The correct order is:",[38,67903,67904],{"className":40,"code":66757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67905,67906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67907,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67909,8985],{"class":53},[47,67911,110],{"class":61},[47,67913,54371],{"class":113},[47,67915,117],{"class":61},[47,67917,36256],{"class":113},[47,67919,75],{"class":61},[47,67921,29912],{"class":113},[47,67923,132],{"class":61},[20,67925,67926],{},"Not:",[38,67928,67930],{"className":40,"code":67929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67931,67932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67933,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67935,8985],{"class":53},[47,67937,110],{"class":61},[47,67939,54371],{"class":113},[47,67941,117],{"class":61},[47,67943,23713],{"class":113},[47,67945,75],{"class":61},[47,67947,36231],{"class":113},[47,67949,132],{"class":61},[20,67951,603],{},[38,67953,67954],{"className":40,"code":66799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67955,67956,67980,68002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67957,67958,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67959,36501],{"class":53},[47,67961,58],{"class":57},[47,67963,62],{"class":61},[47,67965,66],{"class":65},[47,67967,210],{"class":69},[47,67969,66],{"class":65},[47,67971,75],{"class":61},[47,67973,78],{"class":65},[47,67975,863],{"class":69},[47,67977,66],{"class":65},[47,67979,95],{"class":61},[47,67981,67982,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,67983,36554],{"class":53},[47,67985,110],{"class":61},[47,67987,54371],{"class":113},[47,67989,117],{"class":61},[47,67991,917],{"class":349},[47,67993,75],{"class":61},[47,67995,78],{"class":65},[47,67997,854],{"class":69},[47,67999,66],{"class":65},[47,68001,132],{"class":61},[47,68003,68004,68006,68008,68010],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,68005,139],{"class":138},[47,68007,117],{"class":61},[47,68009,36554],{"class":113},[47,68011,132],{"class":61},[20,68013,372],{},[38,68015,68016],{"className":40,"code":43291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68017,68018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68019,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68021,669],{"class":61},[47,68023,385],{"class":65},[47,68025,210],{"class":69},[47,68027,385],{"class":65},[47,68029,75],{"class":61},[47,68031,398],{"class":65},[47,68033,854],{"class":69},[47,68035,385],{"class":65},[47,68037,75],{"class":61},[47,68039,398],{"class":65},[47,68041,863],{"class":69},[47,68043,385],{"class":65},[47,68045,95],{"class":61},[244,68047,1968,68049,68051],{"id":68048},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68050,54688],{}," to replace an item",[20,68053,68054,68056],{},[15,68055,54688],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[38,68058,68060],{"className":40,"code":68059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68061,68062,68082,68100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68063,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68065,4270],{"class":53},[47,68067,58],{"class":57},[47,68069,62],{"class":61},[47,68071,917],{"class":349},[47,68073,75],{"class":61},[47,68075,2409],{"class":349},[47,68077,75],{"class":61},[47,68079,2414],{"class":349},[47,68081,95],{"class":61},[47,68083,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68085,4300],{"class":53},[47,68087,110],{"class":61},[47,68089,54371],{"class":113},[47,68091,117],{"class":61},[47,68093,917],{"class":349},[47,68095,75],{"class":61},[47,68097,10835],{"class":349},[47,68099,132],{"class":61},[47,68101,68102,68104,68106,68108],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,68103,139],{"class":138},[47,68105,117],{"class":61},[47,68107,4300],{"class":113},[47,68109,132],{"class":61},[20,68111,372],{},[38,68113,68115],{"className":40,"code":68114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68116,68117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68118,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127,68129,68131,68133,68135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68120,669],{"class":61},[47,68122,917],{"class":349},[47,68124,75],{"class":61},[47,68126,10835],{"class":349},[47,68128,75],{"class":61},[47,68130,2409],{"class":349},[47,68132,75],{"class":61},[47,68134,2414],{"class":349},[47,68136,95],{"class":61},[20,68138,68139],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[38,68141,68143],{"className":40,"code":68142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68144,68145,68165,68179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68146,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68148,4270],{"class":53},[47,68150,58],{"class":57},[47,68152,62],{"class":61},[47,68154,917],{"class":349},[47,68156,75],{"class":61},[47,68158,2409],{"class":349},[47,68160,75],{"class":61},[47,68162,2414],{"class":349},[47,68164,95],{"class":61},[47,68166,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68168,4300],{"class":53},[47,68170,669],{"class":61},[47,68172,917],{"class":349},[47,68174,678],{"class":61},[47,68176,681],{"class":57},[47,68178,14745],{"class":349},[47,68180,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,68182,139],{"class":138},[47,68184,117],{"class":61},[47,68186,4300],{"class":113},[47,68188,132],{"class":61},[20,68190,372],{},[38,68192,68194],{"className":40,"code":68193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68195,68196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68197,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68199,669],{"class":61},[47,68201,917],{"class":349},[47,68203,75],{"class":61},[47,68205,10835],{"class":349},[47,68207,75],{"class":61},[47,68209,2414],{"class":349},[47,68211,95],{"class":61},[244,68213,68215],{"id":68214},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68217,68218,68220],{},[15,68219,54688],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68222,68223],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[38,68225,68227],{"className":40,"code":68226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68228,68229,68245,68269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68230,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68232,4270],{"class":53},[47,68234,58],{"class":57},[47,68236,62],{"class":61},[47,68238,917],{"class":349},[47,68240,75],{"class":61},[47,68242,3108],{"class":349},[47,68244,95],{"class":61},[47,68246,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261,68263,68265,68267],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68248,4300],{"class":53},[47,68250,110],{"class":61},[47,68252,54371],{"class":113},[47,68254,117],{"class":61},[47,68256,917],{"class":349},[47,68258,75],{"class":61},[47,68260,62],{"class":61},[47,68262,2705],{"class":349},[47,68264,75],{"class":61},[47,68266,2414],{"class":349},[47,68268,2166],{"class":61},[47,68270,68271,68273,68275,68277],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,68272,139],{"class":138},[47,68274,117],{"class":61},[47,68276,4300],{"class":113},[47,68278,132],{"class":61},[20,68280,372],{},[38,68282,68284],{"className":40,"code":68283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68285,68286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68287,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304,68306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68289,669],{"class":61},[47,68291,917],{"class":349},[47,68293,75],{"class":61},[47,68295,62],{"class":61},[47,68297,2705],{"class":349},[47,68299,75],{"class":61},[47,68301,2414],{"class":349},[47,68303,959],{"class":61},[47,68305,3108],{"class":349},[47,68307,95],{"class":61},[20,68309,68310,68311,110],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[210,68312,55940,68313,1637],{"href":53764},[15,68314,53866],{},[244,68316,68318],{"id":68317},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68320,9520,68321,68323],{},[15,68322,54688],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[38,68325,68327],{"className":40,"code":68326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68328,68329,68339,68353,68371,68385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68330,68331,68333,68335,68337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68332,139],{"class":138},[47,68334,117],{"class":61},[47,68336,8985],{"class":113},[47,68338,132],{"class":61},[47,68340,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68342,139],{"class":138},[47,68344,117],{"class":61},[47,68346,11798],{"class":138},[47,68348,117],{"class":61},[47,68350,8985],{"class":113},[47,68352,2266],{"class":61},[47,68354,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,68356,139],{"class":138},[47,68358,117],{"class":61},[47,68360,8985],{"class":113},[47,68362,110],{"class":61},[47,68364,54371],{"class":25153},[47,68366,110],{"class":61},[47,68368,34854],{"class":34861},[47,68370,132],{"class":61},[47,68372,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,68374,32559],{"class":138},[47,68376,117],{"class":61},[47,68378,1892],{"class":106},[47,68380,110],{"class":61},[47,68382,54371],{"class":25153},[47,68384,132],{"class":61},[47,68386,68387,68389,68391,68393],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,68388,2392],{"class":106},[47,68390,117],{"class":61},[47,68392,8985],{"class":113},[47,68394,132],{"class":61},[20,68396,68397],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[174,68399,68400,68403,68406,68409],{},[177,68401,68402],{},"What is currently in the list",[177,68404,68405],{},"How long the list is",[177,68407,68408],{},"That you are working with a real list",[177,68410,68411],{},"How Python describes the method",[33,68413,1216,68415],{"id":68414},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68416,54688],{},[20,68418,156,68419,68421],{},[15,68420,54688],{}," when position matters.",[20,68423,36837],{},[174,68425,68426,68429,68432,68435],{},[177,68427,68428],{},"Ordered menus",[177,68430,68431],{},"Rankings or score lists",[177,68433,68434],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[177,68436,68437],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68439,68440,68441,68443,68444,68446,68447,68449],{},"You usually do ",[278,68442,1369],{}," need ",[15,68445,54688],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68448,53072],{}," is simpler.",[20,68451,68452,68453,110],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[210,68454,57575],{"href":57574},[33,68456,2429],{"id":2428},[244,68458,2433,68460,55889],{"id":68459},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68461,54331],{},[20,68463,68464,68465,110],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68466,269],{},[244,68468,68470],{"id":68469},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68472,68473],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[244,68475,5813,68477,68479],{"id":68476},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68478,54331],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68481,68482,68483,68485],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68484,53866],{}," or slicing.",[244,68487,5823,68489,5036,68491,3143],{"id":68488},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68490,54688],{},[15,68492,53072],{},[20,68494,68495,68497,68498,68500],{},[15,68496,54688],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68499,53072],{}," adds only at the end.",[33,68502,2526],{"id":2525},[174,68504,68505,68511,68517,68521,68525,68529],{},[177,68506,68507],{},[210,68508,55940,68509,1637],{"href":57189},[15,68510,53072],{},[177,68512,68513],{},[210,68514,55940,68515,1637],{"href":53764},[15,68516,53866],{},[177,68518,68519],{},[210,68520,54698],{"href":53468},[177,68522,68523],{},[210,68524,53191],{"href":51398},[177,68526,68527],{},[210,68528,57649],{"href":57574},[177,68530,68531],{},[210,68532,30753,68533,34041],{"href":54716},[15,68534,68535],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2563,68537,68538],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":68540},[68541,68543,68544,68545,68551,68558,68567,68569,68578],{"id":66726,"depth":98,"text":68542},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6075,"depth":98,"text":6076},{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":67098,"depth":98,"text":67099,"children":68546},[68547,68548,68549,68550],{"id":67110,"depth":135,"text":67111},{"id":67201,"depth":135,"text":67202},{"id":67287,"depth":135,"text":67288},{"id":67373,"depth":135,"text":67374},{"id":67503,"depth":98,"text":68552,"children":68553},"insert() vs append()",[68554,68556],{"id":67513,"depth":135,"text":68555},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67526,"depth":135,"text":68557},"Use append() when:",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":68559},[68560,68562,68563,68565,68566],{"id":67727,"depth":135,"text":68561},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67897,"depth":135,"text":67898},{"id":68048,"depth":135,"text":68564},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68214,"depth":135,"text":68215},{"id":68317,"depth":135,"text":68318},{"id":68414,"depth":98,"text":68568},"When to use insert()",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":68570},[68571,68573,68574,68576],{"id":68459,"depth":135,"text":68572},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68469,"depth":135,"text":68470},{"id":68476,"depth":135,"text":68575},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68488,"depth":135,"text":68577},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66636,"description":68579},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68586,"title":68587,"body":68588,"description":70143,"extension":2611,"meta":70144,"navigation":357,"path":59394,"seo":70145,"stem":70146,"__hash__":70147},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68589,"toc":70116},[68590,68596,68605,68654,68656,68664,68670,68672,68690,68696,68701,68704,68707,68722,68724,68776,68778,68786,68794,68801,68803,68809,68874,68876,68884,68886,68905,68908,68959,68963,68968,68995,68997,69005,69008,69077,69079,69094,69100,69104,69113,69116,69171,69173,69181,69184,69186,69231,69233,69241,69247,69249,69257,69260,69262,69301,69303,69342,69347,69349,69351,69386,69389,69391,69429,69433,69439,69441,69492,69494,69502,69509,69512,69533,69536,69591,69602,69604,69665,69667,69676,69683,69689,69692,69695,69752,69755,69768,69775,69781,69787,69789,69802,69805,69902,69904,69921,69924,70006,70008,70030,70037,70043,70045,70049,70055,70061,70066,70070,70073,70079,70086,70088,70113],[10,68591,68593,68594,4313],{"id":68592},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68595,11798],{},[20,68597,68598,68599,68601,68602,68604],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68600,42776],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68603,42776],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[38,68606,68608],{"className":40,"code":68607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68609,68610,68630,68644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68611,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68613,4270],{"class":53},[47,68615,58],{"class":57},[47,68617,62],{"class":61},[47,68619,2981],{"class":349},[47,68621,75],{"class":61},[47,68623,8436],{"class":349},[47,68625,75],{"class":61},[47,68627,8441],{"class":349},[47,68629,95],{"class":61},[47,68631,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68633,41656],{"class":53},[47,68635,58],{"class":57},[47,68637,38799],{"class":138},[47,68639,117],{"class":61},[47,68641,4300],{"class":113},[47,68643,132],{"class":61},[47,68645,68646,68648,68650,68652],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,68647,139],{"class":138},[47,68649,117],{"class":61},[47,68651,41674],{"class":113},[47,68653,132],{"class":61},[20,68655,372],{},[38,68657,68658],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68659,68660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68661,68662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68663,47034],{"class":349},[20,68665,156,68666,68669],{},[15,68667,68668],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[33,68671,15773],{"id":15772},[174,68673,68674,68679,68684,68687],{},[177,68675,4840,68676,68678],{},[15,68677,42776],{}," works with Python lists",[177,68680,68681,68682,12336],{},"What value ",[15,68683,42776],{},[177,68685,68686],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[177,68688,68689],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[33,68691,164,68693,68695],{"id":68692},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68694,42776],{}," returns for a list",[20,68697,68698,65508],{},[15,68699,68700],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68702,68703],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68705,68706],{},"A few important points:",[174,68708,68709,68712,68717],{},[177,68710,68711],{},"It counts list items",[177,68713,41320,68714,68716],{},[278,68715,1369],{}," count characters inside a string item",[177,68718,68719,68720],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68721,436],{},[20,68723,603],{},[38,68725,68727],{"className":40,"code":68726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68728,68729,68762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68730,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68732,4711],{"class":53},[47,68734,58],{"class":57},[47,68736,62],{"class":61},[47,68738,66],{"class":65},[47,68740,37459],{"class":69},[47,68742,66],{"class":65},[47,68744,75],{"class":61},[47,68746,78],{"class":65},[47,68748,68749],{"class":69},"elephant",[47,68751,66],{"class":65},[47,68753,75],{"class":61},[47,68755,78],{"class":65},[47,68757,58548],{"class":69},[47,68759,66],{"class":65},[47,68761,95],{"class":61},[47,68763,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68765,139],{"class":138},[47,68767,117],{"class":61},[47,68769,11798],{"class":138},[47,68771,117],{"class":61},[47,68773,4755],{"class":113},[47,68775,2266],{"class":61},[20,68777,372],{},[38,68779,68780],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68781,68782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68783,68784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68785,47034],{"class":349},[20,68787,21379,68788,68791,68792,65515],{},[15,68789,68790],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[278,68793,53076],{},[20,68795,68796,68797,110],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[210,68798,4226,68799,4159],{"href":42773},[15,68800,42776],{},[33,68802,284],{"id":283},[20,68804,68805,68806,68808],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68807,42776],{},", and print the result.",[38,68810,68812],{"className":40,"code":68811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68813,68814,68846,68860,68864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68815,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68817,332],{"class":53},[47,68819,58],{"class":57},[47,68821,62],{"class":61},[47,68823,66],{"class":65},[47,68825,305],{"class":69},[47,68827,66],{"class":65},[47,68829,75],{"class":61},[47,68831,78],{"class":65},[47,68833,314],{"class":69},[47,68835,66],{"class":65},[47,68837,75],{"class":61},[47,68839,78],{"class":65},[47,68841,323],{"class":69},[47,68843,66],{"class":65},[47,68845,95],{"class":61},[47,68847,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68849,41656],{"class":53},[47,68851,58],{"class":57},[47,68853,38799],{"class":138},[47,68855,117],{"class":61},[47,68857,367],{"class":113},[47,68859,132],{"class":61},[47,68861,68862],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,68863,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,68865,68866,68868,68870,68872],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,68867,139],{"class":138},[47,68869,117],{"class":61},[47,68871,41674],{"class":113},[47,68873,132],{"class":61},[20,68875,372],{},[38,68877,68878],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68879,68880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68881,68882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68883,47034],{"class":349},[20,68885,424],{},[174,68887,68888,68893,68900],{},[177,68889,68890,68892],{},[15,68891,367],{}," is a list with 3 items",[177,68894,68895,3048,68898],{},[15,68896,68897],{},"len(colors)",[15,68899,2711],{},[177,68901,68902,68903],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68904,41674],{},[20,68906,68907],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[38,68909,68911],{"className":40,"code":68910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68912,68913,68945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68914,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68916,332],{"class":53},[47,68918,58],{"class":57},[47,68920,62],{"class":61},[47,68922,66],{"class":65},[47,68924,305],{"class":69},[47,68926,66],{"class":65},[47,68928,75],{"class":61},[47,68930,78],{"class":65},[47,68932,314],{"class":69},[47,68934,66],{"class":65},[47,68936,75],{"class":61},[47,68938,78],{"class":65},[47,68940,323],{"class":69},[47,68942,66],{"class":65},[47,68944,95],{"class":61},[47,68946,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68948,139],{"class":138},[47,68950,117],{"class":61},[47,68952,11798],{"class":138},[47,68954,117],{"class":61},[47,68956,367],{"class":113},[47,68958,2266],{"class":61},[33,68960,68962],{"id":68961},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68964,68965,68966,110],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68967,436],{},[38,68969,68971],{"className":40,"code":68970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68972,68973,68981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68974,68975,68977,68979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68976,8425],{"class":53},[47,68978,58],{"class":57},[47,68980,8485],{"class":61},[47,68982,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,68984,139],{"class":138},[47,68986,117],{"class":61},[47,68988,11798],{"class":138},[47,68990,117],{"class":61},[47,68992,8456],{"class":113},[47,68994,2266],{"class":61},[20,68996,372],{},[38,68998,68999],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69000,69001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69002,69003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69004,47669],{"class":349},[20,69006,69007],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[38,69009,69011],{"className":40,"code":69010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69012,69013,69021,69025,69043,69057,69063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69014,69015,69017,69019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69016,8425],{"class":53},[47,69018,58],{"class":57},[47,69020,8485],{"class":61},[47,69022,69023],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69024,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,69026,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,69028,7642],{"class":1107},[47,69030,38799],{"class":138},[47,69032,117],{"class":61},[47,69034,8456],{"class":113},[47,69036,4313],{"class":61},[47,69038,38809],{"class":57},[47,69040,350],{"class":349},[47,69042,7038],{"class":61},[47,69044,69045,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,69046,8715],{"class":138},[47,69048,117],{"class":61},[47,69050,8456],{"class":113},[47,69052,669],{"class":61},[47,69054,436],{"class":349},[47,69056,2166],{"class":61},[47,69058,69059,69061],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,69060,27838],{"class":1107},[47,69062,7038],{"class":61},[47,69064,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,69066,8715],{"class":138},[47,69068,117],{"class":61},[47,69070,66],{"class":65},[47,69072,52235],{"class":69},[47,69074,66],{"class":65},[47,69076,132],{"class":61},[20,69078,372],{},[38,69080,69082],{"className":40,"code":69081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is empty\n",[15,69083,69084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69085,69086,69088,69090,69092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69087,2628],{"class":53},[47,69089,1892],{"class":106},[47,69091,8742],{"class":57},[47,69093,8748],{"class":53},[20,69095,69096,69097,69099],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[210,69098,53191],{"href":51398}," is a good next step.",[33,69101,69103],{"id":69102},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69105,69106,69108,69109,69112],{},[15,69107,42776],{}," counts only the ",[278,69110,69111],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69114,69115],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[38,69117,69119],{"className":40,"code":69118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69120,69121,69157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69122,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69124,872],{"class":53},[47,69126,58],{"class":57},[47,69128,56714],{"class":61},[47,69130,917],{"class":349},[47,69132,75],{"class":61},[47,69134,2409],{"class":349},[47,69136,959],{"class":61},[47,69138,62],{"class":61},[47,69140,2711],{"class":349},[47,69142,75],{"class":61},[47,69144,3108],{"class":349},[47,69146,959],{"class":61},[47,69148,62],{"class":61},[47,69150,2784],{"class":349},[47,69152,75],{"class":61},[47,69154,38056],{"class":349},[47,69156,53662],{"class":61},[47,69158,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69160,139],{"class":138},[47,69162,117],{"class":61},[47,69164,11798],{"class":138},[47,69166,117],{"class":61},[47,69168,898],{"class":113},[47,69170,2266],{"class":61},[20,69172,372],{},[38,69174,69175],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69176,69177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69178,69179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69180,47034],{"class":349},[20,69182,69183],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69185,52499],{},[38,69187,69189],{"className":40,"code":69188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69190,69191,69217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69192,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69194,59894],{"class":53},[47,69196,58],{"class":57},[47,69198,62],{"class":61},[47,69200,917],{"class":349},[47,69202,75],{"class":61},[47,69204,62],{"class":61},[47,69206,2705],{"class":349},[47,69208,75],{"class":61},[47,69210,2414],{"class":349},[47,69212,959],{"class":61},[47,69214,3108],{"class":349},[47,69216,95],{"class":61},[47,69218,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69220,139],{"class":138},[47,69222,117],{"class":61},[47,69224,11798],{"class":138},[47,69226,117],{"class":61},[47,69228,59947],{"class":113},[47,69230,2266],{"class":61},[20,69232,372],{},[38,69234,69235],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69236,69237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69238,69239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69240,47034],{"class":349},[20,69242,21379,69243,69246],{},[15,69244,69245],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[33,69248,5162],{"id":5161},[244,69250,453,69252,11728,69255],{"id":69251},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69253,69254],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69256,68700],{},[20,69258,69259],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69261,17253],{},[38,69263,69265],{"className":40,"code":69264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69266,69267,69287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69268,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69270,4270],{"class":53},[47,69272,58],{"class":57},[47,69274,62],{"class":61},[47,69276,2981],{"class":349},[47,69278,75],{"class":61},[47,69280,8436],{"class":349},[47,69282,75],{"class":61},[47,69284,8441],{"class":349},[47,69286,95],{"class":61},[47,69288,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69290,139],{"class":138},[47,69292,117],{"class":61},[47,69294,4300],{"class":113},[47,69296,110],{"class":61},[47,69298,11798],{"class":113},[47,69300,7839],{"class":61},[20,69302,17265],{},[38,69304,69306],{"className":40,"code":69305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69307,69308,69328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69309,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69311,4270],{"class":53},[47,69313,58],{"class":57},[47,69315,62],{"class":61},[47,69317,2981],{"class":349},[47,69319,75],{"class":61},[47,69321,8436],{"class":349},[47,69323,75],{"class":61},[47,69325,8441],{"class":349},[47,69327,95],{"class":61},[47,69329,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69331,139],{"class":138},[47,69333,117],{"class":61},[47,69335,11798],{"class":138},[47,69337,117],{"class":61},[47,69339,4300],{"class":113},[47,69341,2266],{"class":61},[20,69343,69344,69346],{},[15,69345,42776],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[244,69348,26091],{"id":26090},[20,69350,17253],{},[38,69352,69354],{"className":40,"code":69353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69355,69356,69376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69357,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69359,4270],{"class":53},[47,69361,58],{"class":57},[47,69363,62],{"class":61},[47,69365,2981],{"class":349},[47,69367,75],{"class":61},[47,69369,8436],{"class":349},[47,69371,75],{"class":61},[47,69373,8441],{"class":349},[47,69375,95],{"class":61},[47,69377,69378,69380,69382,69384],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69379,139],{"class":138},[47,69381,117],{"class":61},[47,69383,11798],{"class":138},[47,69385,132],{"class":61},[20,69387,69388],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69390,17265],{},[38,69392,69393],{"className":40,"code":69305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69394,69395,69415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69396,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69398,4270],{"class":53},[47,69400,58],{"class":57},[47,69402,62],{"class":61},[47,69404,2981],{"class":349},[47,69406,75],{"class":61},[47,69408,8436],{"class":349},[47,69410,75],{"class":61},[47,69412,8441],{"class":349},[47,69414,95],{"class":61},[47,69416,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69418,139],{"class":138},[47,69420,117],{"class":61},[47,69422,11798],{"class":138},[47,69424,117],{"class":61},[47,69426,4300],{"class":113},[47,69428,2266],{"class":61},[244,69430,69432],{"id":69431},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69434,69435,69436,69438],{},"The length of a list is ",[278,69437,1369],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69440,603],{},[38,69442,69444],{"className":40,"code":69443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69445,69446,69478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69447,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69449,36501],{"class":53},[47,69451,58],{"class":57},[47,69453,62],{"class":61},[47,69455,66],{"class":65},[47,69457,210],{"class":69},[47,69459,66],{"class":65},[47,69461,75],{"class":61},[47,69463,78],{"class":65},[47,69465,854],{"class":69},[47,69467,66],{"class":65},[47,69469,75],{"class":61},[47,69471,78],{"class":65},[47,69473,863],{"class":69},[47,69475,66],{"class":65},[47,69477,95],{"class":61},[47,69479,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488,69490],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69481,139],{"class":138},[47,69483,117],{"class":61},[47,69485,11798],{"class":138},[47,69487,117],{"class":61},[47,69489,36554],{"class":113},[47,69491,2266],{"class":61},[20,69493,372],{},[38,69495,69496],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69497,69498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69499,69500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69501,47034],{"class":349},[20,69503,69504,69505,1889,69507,110],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69506,2705],{},[15,69508,2711],{},[20,69510,69511],{},"Indexes are:",[174,69513,69514,69521,69527],{},[177,69515,69516,69518,69519],{},[15,69517,436],{}," for ",[15,69520,994],{},[177,69522,69523,69518,69525],{},[15,69524,917],{},[15,69526,66018],{},[177,69528,69529,69518,69531],{},[15,69530,2705],{},[15,69532,66904],{},[20,69534,69535],{},"So this causes an error:",[38,69537,69539],{"className":40,"code":69538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69540,69541,69573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69542,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555,69557,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69544,36501],{"class":53},[47,69546,58],{"class":57},[47,69548,62],{"class":61},[47,69550,66],{"class":65},[47,69552,210],{"class":69},[47,69554,66],{"class":65},[47,69556,75],{"class":61},[47,69558,78],{"class":65},[47,69560,854],{"class":69},[47,69562,66],{"class":65},[47,69564,75],{"class":61},[47,69566,78],{"class":65},[47,69568,863],{"class":69},[47,69570,66],{"class":65},[47,69572,95],{"class":61},[47,69574,69575,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69576,139],{"class":138},[47,69578,117],{"class":61},[47,69580,36554],{"class":113},[47,69582,669],{"class":61},[47,69584,11798],{"class":138},[47,69586,117],{"class":61},[47,69588,36554],{"class":113},[47,69590,11316],{"class":61},[20,69592,9140,69593,5427,69596,69598,69599,69601],{},[15,69594,69595],{},"len(letters)",[15,69597,2711],{},", and index ",[15,69600,2711],{}," does not exist.",[20,69603,1766],{},[38,69605,69607],{"className":40,"code":69606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69608,69609,69641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69610,69611,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69612,36501],{"class":53},[47,69614,58],{"class":57},[47,69616,62],{"class":61},[47,69618,66],{"class":65},[47,69620,210],{"class":69},[47,69622,66],{"class":65},[47,69624,75],{"class":61},[47,69626,78],{"class":65},[47,69628,854],{"class":69},[47,69630,66],{"class":65},[47,69632,75],{"class":61},[47,69634,78],{"class":65},[47,69636,863],{"class":69},[47,69638,66],{"class":65},[47,69640,95],{"class":61},[47,69642,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69644,139],{"class":138},[47,69646,117],{"class":61},[47,69648,36554],{"class":113},[47,69650,669],{"class":61},[47,69652,11798],{"class":138},[47,69654,117],{"class":61},[47,69656,36554],{"class":113},[47,69658,4313],{"class":61},[47,69660,2871],{"class":57},[47,69662,2002],{"class":349},[47,69664,2166],{"class":61},[20,69666,372],{},[38,69668,69670],{"className":40,"code":69669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"c\n",[15,69671,69672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69673,69674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69675,69669],{"class":53},[20,69677,69678,69679,110],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[210,69680,69682],{"href":69681},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[244,69684,453,69686,69688],{"id":69685},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69687,42776],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69690,69691],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69693,69694],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[38,69696,69698],{"className":40,"code":69697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69699,69700,69710,69724,69738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69701,69702,69704,69706,69708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69703,139],{"class":138},[47,69705,117],{"class":61},[47,69707,8985],{"class":113},[47,69709,132],{"class":61},[47,69711,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69713,139],{"class":138},[47,69715,117],{"class":61},[47,69717,11798],{"class":138},[47,69719,117],{"class":61},[47,69721,8985],{"class":113},[47,69723,2266],{"class":61},[47,69725,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,69727,139],{"class":138},[47,69729,117],{"class":61},[47,69731,2392],{"class":106},[47,69733,117],{"class":61},[47,69735,8985],{"class":113},[47,69737,2266],{"class":61},[47,69739,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,69741,139],{"class":138},[47,69743,117],{"class":61},[47,69745,8985],{"class":113},[47,69747,669],{"class":61},[47,69749,436],{"class":349},[47,69751,2166],{"class":61},[20,69753,69754],{},"These help you verify:",[174,69756,69757,69760,69762,69765],{},[177,69758,69759],{},"what the variable contains",[177,69761,61206],{},[177,69763,69764],{},"whether it is really a list",[177,69766,69767],{},"what the first item is",[20,69769,69770,69771,69774],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69772,69773],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[33,69776,1216,69778,69780],{"id":69777},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69779,42776],{}," with lists",[20,69782,69783,69784,69786],{},"You will often use ",[15,69785,42776],{}," in real programs.",[20,69788,10013],{},[174,69790,69791,69793,69796,69799],{},[177,69792,52189],{},[177,69794,69795],{},"Control loops",[177,69797,69798],{},"Validate input or results",[177,69800,69801],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69803,69804],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[38,69806,69808],{"className":40,"code":69807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69809,69810,69830,69846,69850,69864,69878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69811,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69813,3206],{"class":53},[47,69815,58],{"class":57},[47,69817,62],{"class":61},[47,69819,917],{"class":349},[47,69821,75],{"class":61},[47,69823,2409],{"class":349},[47,69825,75],{"class":61},[47,69827,2414],{"class":349},[47,69829,95],{"class":61},[47,69831,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69833,3234],{"class":53},[47,69835,58],{"class":57},[47,69837,62],{"class":61},[47,69839,2981],{"class":349},[47,69841,75],{"class":61},[47,69843,8436],{"class":349},[47,69845,95],{"class":61},[47,69847,69848],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,69849,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,69851,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,69853,139],{"class":138},[47,69855,117],{"class":61},[47,69857,11798],{"class":138},[47,69859,117],{"class":61},[47,69861,210],{"class":113},[47,69863,2266],{"class":61},[47,69865,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,69867,139],{"class":138},[47,69869,117],{"class":61},[47,69871,11798],{"class":138},[47,69873,117],{"class":61},[47,69875,854],{"class":113},[47,69877,2266],{"class":61},[47,69879,69880,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898,69900],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,69881,139],{"class":138},[47,69883,117],{"class":61},[47,69885,11798],{"class":138},[47,69887,117],{"class":61},[47,69889,210],{"class":113},[47,69891,4313],{"class":61},[47,69893,38809],{"class":57},[47,69895,38799],{"class":138},[47,69897,117],{"class":61},[47,69899,854],{"class":113},[47,69901,2266],{"class":61},[20,69903,372],{},[38,69905,69907],{"className":40,"code":69906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69908,69909,69913,69917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69910,69911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69912,47034],{"class":349},[47,69914,69915],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69916,17665],{"class":349},[47,69918,69919],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,69920,4620],{"class":559},[20,69922,69923],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[38,69925,69927],{"className":40,"code":69926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69928,69929,69961,69965,69987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69930,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69932,5638],{"class":53},[47,69934,58],{"class":57},[47,69936,62],{"class":61},[47,69938,66],{"class":65},[47,69940,13508],{"class":69},[47,69942,66],{"class":65},[47,69944,75],{"class":61},[47,69946,78],{"class":65},[47,69948,36351],{"class":69},[47,69950,66],{"class":65},[47,69952,75],{"class":61},[47,69954,78],{"class":65},[47,69956,36360],{"class":69},[47,69958,66],{"class":65},[47,69960,95],{"class":61},[47,69962,69963],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,69964,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,69966,69967,69969,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,69968,6601],{"class":1107},[47,69970,69971],{"class":53}," i ",[47,69973,1114],{"class":1107},[47,69975,54490],{"class":138},[47,69977,117],{"class":61},[47,69979,11798],{"class":138},[47,69981,117],{"class":61},[47,69983,5682],{"class":113},[47,69985,69986],{"class":61},")):\n",[47,69988,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,70000,70002,70004],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,69990,8715],{"class":138},[47,69992,117],{"class":61},[47,69994,36565],{"class":113},[47,69996,75],{"class":61},[47,69998,69999],{"class":113}," names",[47,70001,669],{"class":61},[47,70003,36565],{"class":113},[47,70005,2166],{"class":61},[20,70007,372],{},[38,70009,70010],{"className":40,"code":36409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,70011,70012,70018,70024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70013,70014,70016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70015,436],{"class":349},[47,70017,36418],{"class":53},[47,70019,70020,70022],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70021,917],{"class":349},[47,70023,36425],{"class":53},[47,70025,70026,70028],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,70027,2705],{"class":349},[47,70029,36432],{"class":53},[20,70031,70032,70033,110],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[210,70034,70036],{"href":70035},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,70038,70039,70040,70042],{},"You can also read ",[210,70041,51966],{"href":51965}," for a task-focused guide.",[33,70044,2429],{"id":2428},[244,70046,70048],{"id":70047},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70050,156,70051,70054],{},[15,70052,70053],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[244,70056,5785,70058,13344],{"id":70057},"what-does-len-return",[15,70059,70060],{},"len([])",[20,70062,5791,70063,70065],{},[15,70064,436],{}," because the list is empty.",[244,70067,70069],{"id":70068},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70071,70072],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[244,70074,28733,70076,70078],{"id":70075},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70077,69254],{}," in Python?",[20,70080,30676,70081,8868,70083,70085],{},[15,70082,68700],{},[15,70084,42776],{}," is a built-in function.",[33,70087,2526],{"id":2525},[174,70089,70090,70096,70100,70104,70108],{},[177,70091,70092],{},[210,70093,4226,70094,4159],{"href":42773},[15,70095,42776],{},[177,70097,70098],{},[210,70099,53010],{"href":51965},[177,70101,70102],{},[210,70103,53191],{"href":51398},[177,70105,70106],{},[210,70107,69682],{"href":69681},[177,70109,70110],{},[210,70111,70112],{"href":70035},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2563,70114,70115],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":70117},[70118,70119,70121,70122,70123,70124,70132,70134,70142],{"id":15772,"depth":98,"text":15773},{"id":68692,"depth":98,"text":70120},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":68961,"depth":98,"text":68962},{"id":69102,"depth":98,"text":69103},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":70125},[70126,70128,70129,70130],{"id":69251,"depth":135,"text":70127},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26090,"depth":135,"text":26091},{"id":69431,"depth":135,"text":69432},{"id":69685,"depth":135,"text":70131},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69777,"depth":98,"text":70133},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":70135},[70136,70137,70139,70140],{"id":70047,"depth":135,"text":70048},{"id":70057,"depth":135,"text":70138},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70068,"depth":135,"text":70069},{"id":70075,"depth":135,"text":70141},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68587,"description":70143},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70149,"title":70150,"body":70151,"description":72133,"extension":2611,"meta":72134,"navigation":357,"path":72135,"seo":72136,"stem":72137,"__hash__":72138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70152,"toc":72106},[70153,70156,70161,70164,70172,70185,70187,70252,70254,70276,70281,70285,70290,70298,70300,70310,70312,70393,70395,70425,70427,70446,70451,70468,70470,70554,70556,70586,70591,70595,70601,70685,70687,70717,70720,70724,70727,70818,70820,70858,70861,70946,70948,70978,70984,70991,70995,71000,71009,71011,71096,71098,71127,71130,71138,71142,71146,71155,71178,71180,71202,71204,71218,71220,71280,71284,71289,71328,71330,71347,71349,71359,71458,71463,71467,71472,71515,71517,71545,71547,71561,71636,71638,71660,71664,71667,71672,71683,71688,71696,71699,71770,71772,71797,71854,71856,71877,71886,71894,71899,71901,71906,71927,71930,72005,72008,72022,72029,72031,72035,72041,72045,72055,72059,72066,72070,72076,72078,72103],[10,70154,70150],{"id":70155},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70157,70158,70160],{},[15,70159,55502],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70162,70163],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[174,70165,70166,70169],{},[177,70167,70168],{},"delete an item from a list",[177,70170,70171],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70173,70174,70175,70177,70178,9350,70180,70184],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70176,13391],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70179,13391],{},[210,70181,70182],{"href":55492},[15,70183,55949],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[33,70186,36],{"id":35},[38,70188,70190],{"className":40,"code":70189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70191,70192,70212,70227,70231,70242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70193,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70195,4270],{"class":53},[47,70197,58],{"class":57},[47,70199,62],{"class":61},[47,70201,2981],{"class":349},[47,70203,75],{"class":61},[47,70205,8436],{"class":349},[47,70207,75],{"class":61},[47,70209,8441],{"class":349},[47,70211,95],{"class":61},[47,70213,70214,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70215,70216],{"class":53},"last_item ",[47,70218,58],{"class":57},[47,70220,4905],{"class":53},[47,70222,110],{"class":61},[47,70224,26645],{"class":113},[47,70226,9288],{"class":61},[47,70228,70229],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,70230,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70232,70233,70235,70237,70240],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,70234,139],{"class":138},[47,70236,117],{"class":61},[47,70238,70239],{"class":113},"last_item",[47,70241,132],{"class":61},[47,70243,70244,70246,70248,70250],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,70245,139],{"class":138},[47,70247,117],{"class":61},[47,70249,4300],{"class":113},[47,70251,132],{"class":61},[20,70253,372],{},[38,70255,70257],{"className":40,"code":70256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70258,70259,70264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70260,70261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70262,70263],{"class":349},"30\n",[47,70265,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70267,669],{"class":61},[47,70269,2981],{"class":349},[47,70271,75],{"class":61},[47,70273,8436],{"class":349},[47,70275,95],{"class":61},[20,70277,156,70278,70280],{},[15,70279,13391],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[33,70282,70284],{"id":70283},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70286,70287,70289],{},[15,70288,13391],{}," has two main jobs:",[174,70291,70292,70295],{},[177,70293,70294],{},"It removes one item from a list",[177,70296,70297],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70299,44066],{},[174,70301,70302,70305,70308],{},[177,70303,70304],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[177,70306,70307],{},"It changes the original list",[177,70309,53165],{},[20,70311,603],{},[38,70313,70315],{"className":40,"code":70314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70316,70317,70349,70353,70368,70372,70383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70318,70319,70321,70323,70325,70327,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70320,332],{"class":53},[47,70322,58],{"class":57},[47,70324,62],{"class":61},[47,70326,66],{"class":65},[47,70328,305],{"class":69},[47,70330,66],{"class":65},[47,70332,75],{"class":61},[47,70334,78],{"class":65},[47,70336,314],{"class":69},[47,70338,66],{"class":65},[47,70340,75],{"class":61},[47,70342,78],{"class":65},[47,70344,323],{"class":69},[47,70346,66],{"class":65},[47,70348,95],{"class":61},[47,70350,70351],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70352,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70354,70355,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,70356,70357],{"class":53},"removed ",[47,70359,58],{"class":57},[47,70361,13746],{"class":53},[47,70363,110],{"class":61},[47,70365,26645],{"class":113},[47,70367,9288],{"class":61},[47,70369,70370],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,70371,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70373,70374,70376,70378,70381],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,70375,139],{"class":138},[47,70377,117],{"class":61},[47,70379,70380],{"class":113},"removed",[47,70382,132],{"class":61},[47,70384,70385,70387,70389,70391],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,70386,139],{"class":138},[47,70388,117],{"class":61},[47,70390,367],{"class":113},[47,70392,132],{"class":61},[20,70394,372],{},[38,70396,70398],{"className":40,"code":70397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70399,70400,70405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70401,70402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70403,70404],{"class":53},"blue\n",[47,70406,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70408,669],{"class":61},[47,70410,385],{"class":65},[47,70412,305],{"class":69},[47,70414,385],{"class":65},[47,70416,75],{"class":61},[47,70418,398],{"class":65},[47,70420,314],{"class":69},[47,70422,385],{"class":65},[47,70424,95],{"class":61},[33,70426,2806],{"id":2805},[38,70428,70430],{"className":40,"code":70429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70431,70432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70433,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442,70444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70435,1892],{"class":106},[47,70437,110],{"class":61},[47,70439,26645],{"class":113},[47,70441,1258],{"class":61},[47,70443,36256],{"class":113},[47,70445,2166],{"class":61},[20,70447,2628,70448,70450],{},[15,70449,36256],{}," is optional.",[174,70452,70453,70459,70465],{},[177,70454,70455,70456,70458],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70457,13391],{}," removes the last item",[177,70460,70461,70462,70464],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70463,13391],{}," removes the item at that position",[177,70466,70467],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70469,603],{},[38,70471,70473],{"className":40,"code":70472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70474,70475,70507,70511,70530,70534,70544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70476,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70478,36501],{"class":53},[47,70480,58],{"class":57},[47,70482,62],{"class":61},[47,70484,66],{"class":65},[47,70486,210],{"class":69},[47,70488,66],{"class":65},[47,70490,75],{"class":61},[47,70492,78],{"class":65},[47,70494,854],{"class":69},[47,70496,66],{"class":65},[47,70498,75],{"class":61},[47,70500,78],{"class":65},[47,70502,863],{"class":69},[47,70504,66],{"class":65},[47,70506,95],{"class":61},[47,70508,70509],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70510,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70512,70513,70515,70517,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,70514,28943],{"class":53},[47,70516,58],{"class":57},[47,70518,70519],{"class":53}," letters",[47,70521,110],{"class":61},[47,70523,26645],{"class":113},[47,70525,117],{"class":61},[47,70527,917],{"class":349},[47,70529,132],{"class":61},[47,70531,70532],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,70533,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70535,70536,70538,70540,70542],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,70537,139],{"class":138},[47,70539,117],{"class":61},[47,70541,23713],{"class":113},[47,70543,132],{"class":61},[47,70545,70546,70548,70550,70552],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,70547,139],{"class":138},[47,70549,117],{"class":61},[47,70551,36554],{"class":113},[47,70553,132],{"class":61},[20,70555,372],{},[38,70557,70559],{"className":40,"code":70558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70560,70561,70566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70562,70563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70564,70565],{"class":53},"b\n",[47,70567,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70569,669],{"class":61},[47,70571,385],{"class":65},[47,70573,210],{"class":69},[47,70575,385],{"class":65},[47,70577,75],{"class":61},[47,70579,398],{"class":65},[47,70581,863],{"class":69},[47,70583,385],{"class":65},[47,70585,95],{"class":61},[20,70587,70588,70589,110],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[210,70590,53191],{"href":51398},[33,70592,70594],{"id":70593},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70596,70597,70598,70600],{},"When you call ",[15,70599,13391],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[38,70602,70604],{"className":40,"code":70603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70605,70606,70641,70645,70660,70664,70675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70607,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70619,70621,70623,70625,70628,70630,70632,70634,70637,70639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70609,30303],{"class":53},[47,70611,58],{"class":57},[47,70613,62],{"class":61},[47,70615,66],{"class":65},[47,70617,70618],{"class":69},"write",[47,70620,66],{"class":65},[47,70622,75],{"class":61},[47,70624,78],{"class":65},[47,70626,70627],{"class":69},"test",[47,70629,66],{"class":65},[47,70631,75],{"class":61},[47,70633,78],{"class":65},[47,70635,70636],{"class":69},"submit",[47,70638,66],{"class":65},[47,70640,95],{"class":61},[47,70642,70643],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70644,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70646,70647,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,70648,70649],{"class":53},"last_task ",[47,70651,58],{"class":57},[47,70653,30381],{"class":53},[47,70655,110],{"class":61},[47,70657,26645],{"class":113},[47,70659,9288],{"class":61},[47,70661,70662],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,70663,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70665,70666,70668,70670,70673],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,70667,139],{"class":138},[47,70669,117],{"class":61},[47,70671,70672],{"class":113},"last_task",[47,70674,132],{"class":61},[47,70676,70677,70679,70681,70683],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,70678,139],{"class":138},[47,70680,117],{"class":61},[47,70682,36917],{"class":113},[47,70684,132],{"class":61},[20,70686,372],{},[38,70688,70690],{"className":40,"code":70689,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70691,70692,70697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70693,70694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70695,70696],{"class":53},"submit\n",[47,70698,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70700,669],{"class":61},[47,70702,385],{"class":65},[47,70704,70618],{"class":69},[47,70706,385],{"class":65},[47,70708,75],{"class":61},[47,70710,398],{"class":65},[47,70712,70627],{"class":69},[47,70714,385],{"class":65},[47,70716,95],{"class":61},[20,70718,70719],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[33,70721,70723],{"id":70722},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70725,70726],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[38,70728,70730],{"className":40,"code":70729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70731,70732,70772,70776,70794,70798,70808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70733,70734,70736,70738,70740,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70735,36650],{"class":53},[47,70737,58],{"class":57},[47,70739,62],{"class":61},[47,70741,66],{"class":65},[47,70743,4720],{"class":69},[47,70745,66],{"class":65},[47,70747,75],{"class":61},[47,70749,78],{"class":65},[47,70751,4729],{"class":69},[47,70753,66],{"class":65},[47,70755,75],{"class":61},[47,70757,78],{"class":65},[47,70759,4738],{"class":69},[47,70761,66],{"class":65},[47,70763,75],{"class":61},[47,70765,78],{"class":65},[47,70767,33628],{"class":69},[47,70769,66],{"class":65},[47,70771,95],{"class":61},[47,70773,70774],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70775,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70777,70778,70780,70782,70784,70786,70788,70790,70792],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,70779,70357],{"class":53},[47,70781,58],{"class":57},[47,70783,53271],{"class":53},[47,70785,110],{"class":61},[47,70787,26645],{"class":113},[47,70789,117],{"class":61},[47,70791,917],{"class":349},[47,70793,132],{"class":61},[47,70795,70796],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,70797,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70799,70800,70802,70804,70806],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,70801,139],{"class":138},[47,70803,117],{"class":61},[47,70805,70380],{"class":113},[47,70807,132],{"class":61},[47,70809,70810,70812,70814,70816],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,70811,139],{"class":138},[47,70813,117],{"class":61},[47,70815,36702],{"class":113},[47,70817,132],{"class":61},[20,70819,372],{},[38,70821,70823],{"className":40,"code":70822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70824,70825,70830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70826,70827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70828,70829],{"class":53},"banana\n",[47,70831,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850,70852,70854,70856],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70833,669],{"class":61},[47,70835,385],{"class":65},[47,70837,4720],{"class":69},[47,70839,385],{"class":65},[47,70841,75],{"class":61},[47,70843,398],{"class":65},[47,70845,4738],{"class":69},[47,70847,385],{"class":65},[47,70849,75],{"class":61},[47,70851,398],{"class":65},[47,70853,33628],{"class":69},[47,70855,385],{"class":65},[47,70857,95],{"class":61},[20,70859,70860],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[38,70862,70864],{"className":40,"code":70863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70865,70866,70898,70902,70922,70926,70936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70867,70868,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70869,36650],{"class":53},[47,70871,58],{"class":57},[47,70873,62],{"class":61},[47,70875,66],{"class":65},[47,70877,4720],{"class":69},[47,70879,66],{"class":65},[47,70881,75],{"class":61},[47,70883,78],{"class":65},[47,70885,4729],{"class":69},[47,70887,66],{"class":65},[47,70889,75],{"class":61},[47,70891,78],{"class":65},[47,70893,4738],{"class":69},[47,70895,66],{"class":65},[47,70897,95],{"class":61},[47,70899,70900],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70901,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70903,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916,70918,70920],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,70905,70357],{"class":53},[47,70907,58],{"class":57},[47,70909,53271],{"class":53},[47,70911,110],{"class":61},[47,70913,26645],{"class":113},[47,70915,117],{"class":61},[47,70917,2670],{"class":57},[47,70919,917],{"class":349},[47,70921,132],{"class":61},[47,70923,70924],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,70925,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,70929,139],{"class":138},[47,70931,117],{"class":61},[47,70933,70380],{"class":113},[47,70935,132],{"class":61},[47,70937,70938,70940,70942,70944],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,70939,139],{"class":138},[47,70941,117],{"class":61},[47,70943,36702],{"class":113},[47,70945,132],{"class":61},[20,70947,372],{},[38,70949,70951],{"className":40,"code":70950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70952,70953,70958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70954,70955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70956,70957],{"class":53},"cherry\n",[47,70959,70960,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,70961,669],{"class":61},[47,70963,385],{"class":65},[47,70965,4720],{"class":69},[47,70967,385],{"class":65},[47,70969,75],{"class":61},[47,70971,398],{"class":65},[47,70973,4729],{"class":69},[47,70975,385],{"class":65},[47,70977,95],{"class":61},[20,70979,70980,70981,70983],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70982,66277],{}," means the last item.",[20,70985,70986,70987,110],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[210,70988,70989,1637],{"href":59386},[15,70990,65288],{},[33,70992,70994],{"id":70993},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70996,70997,70999],{},[15,70998,13391],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71001,71002,71003,5036,71005,110],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71004,13391],{},[210,71006,71007],{"href":55492},[15,71008,55949],{},[20,71010,603],{},[38,71012,71014],{"className":40,"code":71013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71015,71016,71048,71052,71071,71075,71086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71017,71018,71020,71022,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71019,5638],{"class":53},[47,71021,58],{"class":57},[47,71023,62],{"class":61},[47,71025,66],{"class":65},[47,71027,13508],{"class":69},[47,71029,66],{"class":65},[47,71031,75],{"class":61},[47,71033,78],{"class":65},[47,71035,36351],{"class":69},[47,71037,66],{"class":65},[47,71039,75],{"class":61},[47,71041,78],{"class":65},[47,71043,36360],{"class":69},[47,71045,66],{"class":65},[47,71047,95],{"class":61},[47,71049,71050],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71051,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,71053,71054,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,71055,71056],{"class":53},"removed_name ",[47,71058,58],{"class":57},[47,71060,69999],{"class":53},[47,71062,110],{"class":61},[47,71064,26645],{"class":113},[47,71066,117],{"class":61},[47,71068,436],{"class":349},[47,71070,132],{"class":61},[47,71072,71073],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,71074,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,71076,71077,71079,71081,71084],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,71078,139],{"class":138},[47,71080,117],{"class":61},[47,71082,71083],{"class":113},"removed_name",[47,71085,132],{"class":61},[47,71087,71088,71090,71092,71094],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,71089,139],{"class":138},[47,71091,117],{"class":61},[47,71093,5682],{"class":113},[47,71095,132],{"class":61},[20,71097,372],{},[38,71099,71101],{"className":40,"code":71100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71102,71103,71107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71104,71105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71106,50458],{"class":53},[47,71108,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71110,669],{"class":61},[47,71112,385],{"class":65},[47,71114,36351],{"class":69},[47,71116,385],{"class":65},[47,71118,75],{"class":61},[47,71120,398],{"class":65},[47,71122,36360],{"class":69},[47,71124,385],{"class":65},[47,71126,95],{"class":61},[20,71128,71129],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71131,71132,71133,71135,71136,110],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71134,55949],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71137,269],{},[33,71139,71141],{"id":71140},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[244,71143,71145],{"id":71144},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71147,71148,71149,71151,71152,110],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71150,13391],{}," raises an ",[15,71153,71154],{},"IndexError",[38,71156,71158],{"className":40,"code":71157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71159,71160,71168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71161,71162,71164,71166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71163,8425],{"class":53},[47,71165,58],{"class":57},[47,71167,8485],{"class":61},[47,71169,71170,71172,71174,71176],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71171,8456],{"class":53},[47,71173,110],{"class":61},[47,71175,26645],{"class":113},[47,71177,9288],{"class":61},[20,71179,372],{},[38,71181,71183],{"className":40,"code":71182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71184,71185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71186,71187,71189,71191,71194,71197,71200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71188,71154],{"class":106},[47,71190,172],{"class":61},[47,71192,71193],{"class":53}," pop ",[47,71195,71196],{"class":1107},"from",[47,71198,71199],{"class":53}," empty ",[47,71201,50304],{"class":106},[20,71203,39675],{},[174,71205,71206,71211],{},[177,71207,71208,71209],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71210,13391],{},[177,71212,71213,71214,5036,71216],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71215,30209],{},[15,71217,30240],{},[20,71219,603],{},[38,71221,71223],{"className":40,"code":71222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71224,71225,71233,71237,71245,71259,71265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71226,71227,71229,71231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71228,8425],{"class":53},[47,71230,58],{"class":57},[47,71232,8485],{"class":61},[47,71234,71235],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71236,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,71238,71239,71241,71243],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,71240,7642],{"class":1107},[47,71242,6609],{"class":53},[47,71244,7038],{"class":61},[47,71246,71247,71249,71251,71253,71255,71257],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,71248,8715],{"class":138},[47,71250,117],{"class":61},[47,71252,8456],{"class":113},[47,71254,110],{"class":61},[47,71256,26645],{"class":113},[47,71258,7839],{"class":61},[47,71260,71261,71263],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,71262,27838],{"class":1107},[47,71264,7038],{"class":61},[47,71266,71267,71269,71271,71273,71276,71278],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,71268,8715],{"class":138},[47,71270,117],{"class":61},[47,71272,66],{"class":65},[47,71274,71275],{"class":69},"The list is empty.",[47,71277,66],{"class":65},[47,71279,132],{"class":61},[244,71281,71283],{"id":71282},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71285,71286,71287,110],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71288,71154],{},[38,71290,71292],{"className":40,"code":71291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71293,71294,71314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71295,71296,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71297,4270],{"class":53},[47,71299,58],{"class":57},[47,71301,62],{"class":61},[47,71303,2981],{"class":349},[47,71305,75],{"class":61},[47,71307,8436],{"class":349},[47,71309,75],{"class":61},[47,71311,8441],{"class":349},[47,71313,95],{"class":61},[47,71315,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71317,4300],{"class":53},[47,71319,110],{"class":61},[47,71321,26645],{"class":113},[47,71323,117],{"class":61},[47,71325,2784],{"class":349},[47,71327,132],{"class":61},[20,71329,372],{},[38,71331,71333],{"className":40,"code":71332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71334,71335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71336,71337,71339,71341,71344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71338,71154],{"class":106},[47,71340,172],{"class":61},[47,71342,71343],{"class":53}," pop index out of ",[47,71345,71346],{"class":138},"range\n",[20,71348,39675],{},[174,71350,71351,71356],{},[177,71352,71353,71354],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71355,42776],{},[177,71357,71358],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[38,71360,71362],{"className":40,"code":71361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71363,71364,71384,71393,71397,71419,71437,71443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71365,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71367,4270],{"class":53},[47,71369,58],{"class":57},[47,71371,62],{"class":61},[47,71373,2981],{"class":349},[47,71375,75],{"class":61},[47,71377,8436],{"class":349},[47,71379,75],{"class":61},[47,71381,8441],{"class":349},[47,71383,95],{"class":61},[47,71385,71386,71389,71391],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71387,71388],{"class":53},"index ",[47,71390,58],{"class":57},[47,71392,46006],{"class":349},[47,71394,71395],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,71396,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,71398,71399,71401,71403,71406,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,71400,7642],{"class":1107},[47,71402,350],{"class":349},[47,71404,71405],{"class":57}," \u003C=",[47,71407,71408],{"class":53}," index ",[47,71410,3941],{"class":57},[47,71412,38799],{"class":138},[47,71414,117],{"class":61},[47,71416,4300],{"class":113},[47,71418,8988],{"class":61},[47,71420,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,71422,8715],{"class":138},[47,71424,117],{"class":61},[47,71426,4300],{"class":113},[47,71428,110],{"class":61},[47,71430,26645],{"class":113},[47,71432,117],{"class":61},[47,71434,36256],{"class":113},[47,71436,2266],{"class":61},[47,71438,71439,71441],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,71440,27838],{"class":1107},[47,71442,7038],{"class":61},[47,71444,71445,71447,71449,71451,71454,71456],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,71446,8715],{"class":138},[47,71448,117],{"class":61},[47,71450,66],{"class":65},[47,71452,71453],{"class":69},"Index is out of range.",[47,71455,66],{"class":65},[47,71457,132],{"class":61},[20,71459,71460,71461,110],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[210,71462,69682],{"href":69681},[244,71464,71466],{"id":71465},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71468,71469,71471],{},[15,71470,13391],{}," expects an integer index.",[38,71473,71475],{"className":40,"code":71474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71476,71477,71497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71478,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71480,4270],{"class":53},[47,71482,58],{"class":57},[47,71484,62],{"class":61},[47,71486,2981],{"class":349},[47,71488,75],{"class":61},[47,71490,8436],{"class":349},[47,71492,75],{"class":61},[47,71494,8441],{"class":349},[47,71496,95],{"class":61},[47,71498,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71500,4300],{"class":53},[47,71502,110],{"class":61},[47,71504,26645],{"class":113},[47,71506,117],{"class":61},[47,71508,66],{"class":65},[47,71510,917],{"class":69},[47,71512,66],{"class":65},[47,71514,132],{"class":61},[20,71516,372],{},[38,71518,71520],{"className":40,"code":71519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71521,71522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71523,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536,71539,71542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71525,3655],{"class":106},[47,71527,172],{"class":61},[47,71529,398],{"class":65},[47,71531,4093],{"class":69},[47,71533,385],{"class":65},[47,71535,25020],{"class":106},[47,71537,71538],{"class":53}," cannot be interpreted ",[47,71540,71541],{"class":1107},"as",[47,71543,71544],{"class":53}," an integer\n",[20,71546,39675],{},[174,71548,71549,71558],{},[177,71550,71551,71552,2838,71554,2842,71556],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71553,436],{},[15,71555,917],{},[15,71557,66277],{},[177,71559,71560],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[38,71562,71564],{"className":40,"code":71563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71565,71566,71586,71604,71608,71626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71569,4270],{"class":53},[47,71571,58],{"class":57},[47,71573,62],{"class":61},[47,71575,2981],{"class":349},[47,71577,75],{"class":61},[47,71579,8436],{"class":349},[47,71581,75],{"class":61},[47,71583,8441],{"class":349},[47,71585,95],{"class":61},[47,71587,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598,71600,71602],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71589,71388],{"class":53},[47,71591,58],{"class":57},[47,71593,45693],{"class":106},[47,71595,117],{"class":61},[47,71597,66],{"class":65},[47,71599,917],{"class":69},[47,71601,66],{"class":65},[47,71603,132],{"class":61},[47,71605,71606],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,71607,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,71609,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622,71624],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,71611,139],{"class":138},[47,71613,117],{"class":61},[47,71615,4300],{"class":113},[47,71617,110],{"class":61},[47,71619,26645],{"class":113},[47,71621,117],{"class":61},[47,71623,36256],{"class":113},[47,71625,2266],{"class":61},[47,71627,71628,71630,71632,71634],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,71629,139],{"class":138},[47,71631,117],{"class":61},[47,71633,4300],{"class":113},[47,71635,132],{"class":61},[20,71637,372],{},[38,71639,71641],{"className":40,"code":71640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71642,71643,71648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71644,71645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71646,71647],{"class":349},"20\n",[47,71649,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71651,669],{"class":61},[47,71653,2981],{"class":349},[47,71655,75],{"class":61},[47,71657,8441],{"class":349},[47,71659,95],{"class":61},[33,71661,71663],{"id":71662},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71665,71666],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[244,71668,156,71670,11238],{"id":71669},"use-pop-when",[15,71671,13391],{},[174,71673,71674,71677,71680],{},[177,71675,71676],{},"you want to remove by index",[177,71678,71679],{},"you want the removed item returned",[177,71681,71682],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[244,71684,156,71686,11238],{"id":71685},"use-remove-when",[15,71687,55949],{},[174,71689,71690,71693],{},[177,71691,71692],{},"you want to remove by value",[177,71694,71695],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71697,71698],{},"Compare these examples:",[38,71700,71702],{"className":40,"code":71701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71703,71704,71728,71732,71750,71760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71705,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722,71724,71726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71707,4270],{"class":53},[47,71709,58],{"class":57},[47,71711,62],{"class":61},[47,71713,2981],{"class":349},[47,71715,75],{"class":61},[47,71717,8436],{"class":349},[47,71719,75],{"class":61},[47,71721,8441],{"class":349},[47,71723,75],{"class":61},[47,71725,8436],{"class":349},[47,71727,95],{"class":61},[47,71729,71730],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71731,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,71733,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,71735,70357],{"class":53},[47,71737,58],{"class":57},[47,71739,4905],{"class":53},[47,71741,110],{"class":61},[47,71743,26645],{"class":113},[47,71745,117],{"class":61},[47,71747,917],{"class":349},[47,71749,132],{"class":61},[47,71751,71752,71754,71756,71758],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,71753,139],{"class":138},[47,71755,117],{"class":61},[47,71757,70380],{"class":113},[47,71759,132],{"class":61},[47,71761,71762,71764,71766,71768],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,71763,139],{"class":138},[47,71765,117],{"class":61},[47,71767,4300],{"class":113},[47,71769,132],{"class":61},[20,71771,372],{},[38,71773,71775],{"className":40,"code":71774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71776,71777,71781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71778,71779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71780,71647],{"class":349},[47,71782,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71784,669],{"class":61},[47,71786,2981],{"class":349},[47,71788,75],{"class":61},[47,71790,8441],{"class":349},[47,71792,75],{"class":61},[47,71794,8436],{"class":349},[47,71796,95],{"class":61},[38,71798,71800],{"className":40,"code":71799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71801,71802,71826,71830,71844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71803,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71805,4270],{"class":53},[47,71807,58],{"class":57},[47,71809,62],{"class":61},[47,71811,2981],{"class":349},[47,71813,75],{"class":61},[47,71815,8436],{"class":349},[47,71817,75],{"class":61},[47,71819,8441],{"class":349},[47,71821,75],{"class":61},[47,71823,8436],{"class":349},[47,71825,95],{"class":61},[47,71827,71828],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71829,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,71831,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,71833,4300],{"class":53},[47,71835,110],{"class":61},[47,71837,35203],{"class":113},[47,71839,117],{"class":61},[47,71841,16364],{"class":349},[47,71843,132],{"class":61},[47,71845,71846,71848,71850,71852],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,71847,139],{"class":138},[47,71849,117],{"class":61},[47,71851,4300],{"class":113},[47,71853,132],{"class":61},[20,71855,372],{},[38,71857,71859],{"className":40,"code":71858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71860,71861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71862,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71864,669],{"class":61},[47,71866,2981],{"class":349},[47,71868,75],{"class":61},[47,71870,8441],{"class":349},[47,71872,75],{"class":61},[47,71874,8436],{"class":349},[47,71876,95],{"class":61},[20,71878,71879,71880,71883,71884,110],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71881,71882],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71885,917],{},[20,71887,57025,71888,71891,71892,110],{},[15,71889,71890],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71893,16364],{},[20,71895,71896,71897,110],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[210,71898,55488],{"href":55487},[33,71900,1641],{"id":1640},[20,71902,71903,71904,172],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71905,13391],{},[174,71907,71908,71911,71914,71920,71924],{},[177,71909,71910],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[177,71912,71913],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[177,71915,37616,71916,9350,71918],{},[15,71917,13391],{},[15,71919,55949],{},[177,71921,1968,71922,62394],{},[15,71923,13391],{},[177,71925,71926],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71928,71929],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[38,71931,71933],{"className":40,"code":71932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71934,71935,71945,71959,71973,71991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71936,71937,71939,71941,71943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71938,139],{"class":138},[47,71940,117],{"class":61},[47,71942,8985],{"class":113},[47,71944,132],{"class":61},[47,71946,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,71948,139],{"class":138},[47,71950,117],{"class":61},[47,71952,11798],{"class":138},[47,71954,117],{"class":61},[47,71956,8985],{"class":113},[47,71958,2266],{"class":61},[47,71960,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,71962,139],{"class":138},[47,71964,117],{"class":61},[47,71966,8985],{"class":113},[47,71968,110],{"class":61},[47,71970,26645],{"class":113},[47,71972,7839],{"class":61},[47,71974,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,71976,139],{"class":138},[47,71978,117],{"class":61},[47,71980,8985],{"class":113},[47,71982,110],{"class":61},[47,71984,26645],{"class":113},[47,71986,117],{"class":61},[47,71988,436],{"class":349},[47,71990,2266],{"class":61},[47,71992,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,71994,139],{"class":138},[47,71996,117],{"class":61},[47,71998,2392],{"class":106},[47,72000,117],{"class":61},[47,72002,36256],{"class":113},[47,72004,2266],{"class":61},[20,72006,72007],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[174,72009,72010,72016],{},[177,72011,72012,72015],{},[15,72013,72014],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[177,72017,72018,72021],{},[15,72019,72020],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72023,72024,72025,72028],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72026,72027],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[33,72030,2429],{"id":2428},[244,72032,72034],{"id":72033},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72036,72037,72038,72040],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72039,13391],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[244,72042,72044],{"id":72043},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72046,72047,72049,72050,72052,72053,110],{},[15,72048,13391],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72051,55949],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72054,269],{},[244,72056,72058],{"id":72057},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72060,72061,72062,72065],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72063,72064],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[244,72067,72069],{"id":72068},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72071,72072,72073,72075],{},"Python raises ",[15,72074,71154],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[33,72077,2526],{"id":2525},[174,72079,72080,72084,72089,72094,72099],{},[177,72081,72082],{},[210,72083,55935],{"href":55487},[177,72085,72086],{},[210,72087,72088],{"href":55492},"Python list remove() method",[177,72090,72091],{},[210,72092,72093],{"href":59386},"Python list index() method",[177,72095,72096],{},[210,72097,72098],{"href":51398},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[177,72100,72101],{},[210,72102,69682],{"href":69681},[2563,72104,72105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":72107},[72108,72109,72110,72111,72112,72113,72114,72119,72125,72126,72132],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":70283,"depth":98,"text":70284},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":70593,"depth":98,"text":70594},{"id":70722,"depth":98,"text":70723},{"id":70993,"depth":98,"text":70994},{"id":71140,"depth":98,"text":71141,"children":72115},[72116,72117,72118],{"id":71144,"depth":135,"text":71145},{"id":71282,"depth":135,"text":71283},{"id":71465,"depth":135,"text":71466},{"id":71662,"depth":98,"text":71663,"children":72120},[72121,72123],{"id":71669,"depth":135,"text":72122},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71685,"depth":135,"text":72124},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":72127},[72128,72129,72130,72131],{"id":72033,"depth":135,"text":72034},{"id":72043,"depth":135,"text":72044},{"id":72057,"depth":135,"text":72058},{"id":72068,"depth":135,"text":72069},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70150,"description":72133},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72140,"title":72141,"body":72142,"description":73928,"extension":2611,"meta":73929,"navigation":357,"path":73930,"seo":73931,"stem":73932,"__hash__":73933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72143,"toc":73910},[72144,72147,72152,72158,72160,72230,72236,72240,72245,72266,72269,72336,72338,72359,72367,72369,72388,72404,72406,72471,72473,72498,72500,72502,72567,72569,72594,72596,72610,72613,72666,72668,72689,72693,72701,72774,72776,72809,72815,72821,72912,72914,72939,72945,73034,73036,73060,73062,73066,73121,73123,73155,73158,73161,73255,73257,73290,73296,73302,73306,73313,73339,73343,73408,73410,73435,73439,73520,73522,73551,73556,73561,73567,73571,73578,73600,73604,73663,73665,73689,73698,73703,73705,73709,73738,73740,73815,73818,73832,73838,73840,73844,73847,73851,73856,73860,73869,73873,73881,73883,73907],[10,72145,72141],{"id":72146},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72148,2628,72149,72151],{},[15,72150,55495],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72153,72154,72155,72157],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[278,72156,259],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[33,72159,36],{"id":35},[38,72161,72163],{"className":40,"code":72162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72164,72165,72197,72215,72225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72166,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72168,8425],{"class":53},[47,72170,58],{"class":57},[47,72172,62],{"class":61},[47,72174,66],{"class":65},[47,72176,4720],{"class":69},[47,72178,66],{"class":65},[47,72180,75],{"class":61},[47,72182,78],{"class":65},[47,72184,4729],{"class":69},[47,72186,66],{"class":65},[47,72188,75],{"class":61},[47,72190,78],{"class":65},[47,72192,33628],{"class":69},[47,72194,66],{"class":65},[47,72196,95],{"class":61},[47,72198,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72200,8456],{"class":53},[47,72202,110],{"class":61},[47,72204,35203],{"class":113},[47,72206,117],{"class":61},[47,72208,66],{"class":65},[47,72210,4729],{"class":69},[47,72212,66],{"class":65},[47,72214,132],{"class":61},[47,72216,72217,72219,72221,72223],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,72218,139],{"class":138},[47,72220,117],{"class":61},[47,72222,8456],{"class":113},[47,72224,132],{"class":61},[47,72226,72227],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,72228,72229],{"class":152},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72231,156,72232,72235],{},[15,72233,72234],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[33,72237,72239],{"id":72238},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72241,72242,72244],{},[15,72243,55949],{}," is a list method that:",[174,72246,72247,72253,72258,72263],{},[177,72248,72249,72250,72252],{},"Deletes the ",[278,72251,30314],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[177,72254,72255,72256],{},"Changes the original list ",[278,72257,11967],{},[177,72259,2433,72260,72262],{},[278,72261,1369],{}," return a new list",[177,72264,72265],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72267,72268],{},"This is important for beginners:",[38,72270,72272],{"className":40,"code":72271,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72273,72274,72294,72312,72316,72326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72275,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72277,4270],{"class":53},[47,72279,58],{"class":57},[47,72281,62],{"class":61},[47,72283,917],{"class":349},[47,72285,75],{"class":61},[47,72287,2409],{"class":349},[47,72289,75],{"class":61},[47,72291,2414],{"class":349},[47,72293,95],{"class":61},[47,72295,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72297,2879],{"class":53},[47,72299,58],{"class":57},[47,72301,4905],{"class":53},[47,72303,110],{"class":61},[47,72305,35203],{"class":113},[47,72307,117],{"class":61},[47,72309,2705],{"class":349},[47,72311,132],{"class":61},[47,72313,72314],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,72315,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,72317,72318,72320,72322,72324],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,72319,139],{"class":138},[47,72321,117],{"class":61},[47,72323,4300],{"class":113},[47,72325,132],{"class":61},[47,72327,72328,72330,72332,72334],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,72329,139],{"class":138},[47,72331,117],{"class":61},[47,72333,2914],{"class":113},[47,72335,132],{"class":61},[20,72337,372],{},[38,72339,72341],{"className":40,"code":72340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72342,72343,72355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72344,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72346,669],{"class":61},[47,72348,917],{"class":349},[47,72350,75],{"class":61},[47,72352,2414],{"class":349},[47,72354,95],{"class":61},[47,72356,72357],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72358,12438],{"class":559},[20,72360,72361,72362,72364,72365,110],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72363,55949],{}," itself returned ",[15,72366,269],{},[33,72368,6076],{"id":6075},[38,72370,72372],{"className":40,"code":72371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72373,72374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72375,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72377,1892],{"class":106},[47,72379,110],{"class":61},[47,72381,35203],{"class":113},[47,72383,117],{"class":61},[47,72385,259],{"class":113},[47,72387,132],{"class":61},[174,72389,72390,72395,72398],{},[177,72391,72392,72394],{},[15,72393,259],{}," is the item you want to delete",[177,72396,72397],{},"Python searches from left to right",[177,72399,72400,72401,72403],{},"Only the ",[278,72402,30314],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72405,603],{},[38,72407,72409],{"className":40,"code":72408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72410,72411,72443,72461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72412,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72414,36501],{"class":53},[47,72416,58],{"class":57},[47,72418,62],{"class":61},[47,72420,66],{"class":65},[47,72422,210],{"class":69},[47,72424,66],{"class":65},[47,72426,75],{"class":61},[47,72428,78],{"class":65},[47,72430,854],{"class":69},[47,72432,66],{"class":65},[47,72434,75],{"class":61},[47,72436,78],{"class":65},[47,72438,863],{"class":69},[47,72440,66],{"class":65},[47,72442,95],{"class":61},[47,72444,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72446,36554],{"class":53},[47,72448,110],{"class":61},[47,72450,35203],{"class":113},[47,72452,117],{"class":61},[47,72454,66],{"class":65},[47,72456,854],{"class":69},[47,72458,66],{"class":65},[47,72460,132],{"class":61},[47,72462,72463,72465,72467,72469],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,72464,139],{"class":138},[47,72466,117],{"class":61},[47,72468,36554],{"class":113},[47,72470,132],{"class":61},[20,72472,372],{},[38,72474,72476],{"className":40,"code":72475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72477,72478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72479,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72481,669],{"class":61},[47,72483,385],{"class":65},[47,72485,210],{"class":69},[47,72487,385],{"class":65},[47,72489,75],{"class":61},[47,72491,398],{"class":65},[47,72493,863],{"class":69},[47,72495,385],{"class":65},[47,72497,95],{"class":61},[33,72499,284],{"id":283},[20,72501,65597],{},[38,72503,72505],{"className":40,"code":72504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72506,72507,72539,72557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72508,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72510,332],{"class":53},[47,72512,58],{"class":57},[47,72514,62],{"class":61},[47,72516,66],{"class":65},[47,72518,305],{"class":69},[47,72520,66],{"class":65},[47,72522,75],{"class":61},[47,72524,78],{"class":65},[47,72526,323],{"class":69},[47,72528,66],{"class":65},[47,72530,75],{"class":61},[47,72532,78],{"class":65},[47,72534,314],{"class":69},[47,72536,66],{"class":65},[47,72538,95],{"class":61},[47,72540,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72542,367],{"class":53},[47,72544,110],{"class":61},[47,72546,35203],{"class":113},[47,72548,117],{"class":61},[47,72550,66],{"class":65},[47,72552,323],{"class":69},[47,72554,66],{"class":65},[47,72556,132],{"class":61},[47,72558,72559,72561,72563,72565],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,72560,139],{"class":138},[47,72562,117],{"class":61},[47,72564,367],{"class":113},[47,72566,132],{"class":61},[20,72568,372],{},[38,72570,72572],{"className":40,"code":72571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72573,72574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72575,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72577,669],{"class":61},[47,72579,385],{"class":65},[47,72581,305],{"class":69},[47,72583,385],{"class":65},[47,72585,75],{"class":61},[47,72587,398],{"class":65},[47,72589,314],{"class":69},[47,72591,385],{"class":65},[47,72593,95],{"class":61},[20,72595,424],{},[174,72597,72598,72601,72607],{},[177,72599,72600],{},"A list is created with three values",[177,72602,72603,72606],{},[15,72604,72605],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[177,72608,72609],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72611,72612],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[38,72614,72616],{"className":40,"code":72615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72617,72618,72642,72656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72619,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72621,1311],{"class":53},[47,72623,58],{"class":57},[47,72625,62],{"class":61},[47,72627,2981],{"class":349},[47,72629,75],{"class":61},[47,72631,8436],{"class":349},[47,72633,75],{"class":61},[47,72635,8441],{"class":349},[47,72637,75],{"class":61},[47,72639,51262],{"class":349},[47,72641,95],{"class":61},[47,72643,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72645,1361],{"class":53},[47,72647,110],{"class":61},[47,72649,35203],{"class":113},[47,72651,117],{"class":61},[47,72653,37253],{"class":349},[47,72655,132],{"class":61},[47,72657,72658,72660,72662,72664],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,72659,139],{"class":138},[47,72661,117],{"class":61},[47,72663,1361],{"class":113},[47,72665,132],{"class":61},[20,72667,372],{},[38,72669,72671],{"className":40,"code":72670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72672,72673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72674,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72676,669],{"class":61},[47,72678,2981],{"class":349},[47,72680,75],{"class":61},[47,72682,8436],{"class":349},[47,72684,75],{"class":61},[47,72686,51262],{"class":349},[47,72688,95],{"class":61},[33,72690,72692],{"id":72691},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72694,65587,72695,72697,72698,72700],{},[15,72696,55949],{}," deletes only the ",[278,72699,30314],{}," one.",[38,72702,72704],{"className":40,"code":72703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72705,72706,72746,72764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72707,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72709,8425],{"class":53},[47,72711,58],{"class":57},[47,72713,62],{"class":61},[47,72715,66],{"class":65},[47,72717,4720],{"class":69},[47,72719,66],{"class":65},[47,72721,75],{"class":61},[47,72723,78],{"class":65},[47,72725,4729],{"class":69},[47,72727,66],{"class":65},[47,72729,75],{"class":61},[47,72731,78],{"class":65},[47,72733,4720],{"class":69},[47,72735,66],{"class":65},[47,72737,75],{"class":61},[47,72739,78],{"class":65},[47,72741,33628],{"class":69},[47,72743,66],{"class":65},[47,72745,95],{"class":61},[47,72747,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72749,8456],{"class":53},[47,72751,110],{"class":61},[47,72753,35203],{"class":113},[47,72755,117],{"class":61},[47,72757,66],{"class":65},[47,72759,4720],{"class":69},[47,72761,66],{"class":65},[47,72763,132],{"class":61},[47,72765,72766,72768,72770,72772],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,72767,139],{"class":138},[47,72769,117],{"class":61},[47,72771,8456],{"class":113},[47,72773,132],{"class":61},[20,72775,372],{},[38,72777,72779],{"className":40,"code":72778,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72780,72781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72782,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72784,669],{"class":61},[47,72786,385],{"class":65},[47,72788,4729],{"class":69},[47,72790,385],{"class":65},[47,72792,75],{"class":61},[47,72794,398],{"class":65},[47,72796,4720],{"class":69},[47,72798,385],{"class":65},[47,72800,75],{"class":61},[47,72802,398],{"class":65},[47,72804,33628],{"class":69},[47,72806,385],{"class":65},[47,72808,95],{"class":61},[20,72810,72811,72812,72814],{},"Only the first ",[15,72813,58254],{}," was removed.",[20,72816,72817,72818,72820],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72819,55949],{}," again:",[38,72822,72824],{"className":40,"code":72823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72825,72826,72866,72884,72902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72827,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72829,8425],{"class":53},[47,72831,58],{"class":57},[47,72833,62],{"class":61},[47,72835,66],{"class":65},[47,72837,4720],{"class":69},[47,72839,66],{"class":65},[47,72841,75],{"class":61},[47,72843,78],{"class":65},[47,72845,4729],{"class":69},[47,72847,66],{"class":65},[47,72849,75],{"class":61},[47,72851,78],{"class":65},[47,72853,4720],{"class":69},[47,72855,66],{"class":65},[47,72857,75],{"class":61},[47,72859,78],{"class":65},[47,72861,33628],{"class":69},[47,72863,66],{"class":65},[47,72865,95],{"class":61},[47,72867,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72869,8456],{"class":53},[47,72871,110],{"class":61},[47,72873,35203],{"class":113},[47,72875,117],{"class":61},[47,72877,66],{"class":65},[47,72879,4720],{"class":69},[47,72881,66],{"class":65},[47,72883,132],{"class":61},[47,72885,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,72887,8456],{"class":53},[47,72889,110],{"class":61},[47,72891,35203],{"class":113},[47,72893,117],{"class":61},[47,72895,66],{"class":65},[47,72897,4720],{"class":69},[47,72899,66],{"class":65},[47,72901,132],{"class":61},[47,72903,72904,72906,72908,72910],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,72905,139],{"class":138},[47,72907,117],{"class":61},[47,72909,8456],{"class":113},[47,72911,132],{"class":61},[20,72913,372],{},[38,72915,72917],{"className":40,"code":72916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72918,72919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72920,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72922,669],{"class":61},[47,72924,385],{"class":65},[47,72926,4729],{"class":69},[47,72928,385],{"class":65},[47,72930,75],{"class":61},[47,72932,398],{"class":65},[47,72934,33628],{"class":69},[47,72936,385],{"class":65},[47,72938,95],{"class":61},[20,72940,72941,72942,72944],{},"If you need to remove ",[278,72943,4367],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[38,72946,72948],{"className":40,"code":72947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72949,72950,72990,73024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72951,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72953,8425],{"class":53},[47,72955,58],{"class":57},[47,72957,62],{"class":61},[47,72959,66],{"class":65},[47,72961,4720],{"class":69},[47,72963,66],{"class":65},[47,72965,75],{"class":61},[47,72967,78],{"class":65},[47,72969,4729],{"class":69},[47,72971,66],{"class":65},[47,72973,75],{"class":61},[47,72975,78],{"class":65},[47,72977,4720],{"class":69},[47,72979,66],{"class":65},[47,72981,75],{"class":61},[47,72983,78],{"class":65},[47,72985,33628],{"class":69},[47,72987,66],{"class":65},[47,72989,95],{"class":61},[47,72991,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73009,73011,73013,73016,73018,73020,73022],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,72993,8425],{"class":53},[47,72995,58],{"class":57},[47,72997,62],{"class":61},[47,72999,28943],{"class":53},[47,73001,6601],{"class":1107},[47,73003,6604],{"class":53},[47,73005,1114],{"class":1107},[47,73007,73008],{"class":53}," items ",[47,73010,7642],{"class":1107},[47,73012,6604],{"class":53},[47,73014,73015],{"class":57},"!=",[47,73017,78],{"class":65},[47,73019,4720],{"class":69},[47,73021,66],{"class":65},[47,73023,95],{"class":61},[47,73025,73026,73028,73030,73032],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,73027,139],{"class":138},[47,73029,117],{"class":61},[47,73031,8456],{"class":113},[47,73033,132],{"class":61},[20,73035,372],{},[38,73037,73038],{"className":40,"code":72916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,73039,73040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73041,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73043,669],{"class":61},[47,73045,385],{"class":65},[47,73047,4729],{"class":69},[47,73049,385],{"class":65},[47,73051,75],{"class":61},[47,73053,398],{"class":65},[47,73055,33628],{"class":69},[47,73057,385],{"class":65},[47,73059,95],{"class":61},[33,73061,66053],{"id":66052},[20,73063,66056,73064,110],{},[15,73065,41118],{},[38,73067,73069],{"className":40,"code":73068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73070,73071,73103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73072,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73074,8425],{"class":53},[47,73076,58],{"class":57},[47,73078,62],{"class":61},[47,73080,66],{"class":65},[47,73082,4720],{"class":69},[47,73084,66],{"class":65},[47,73086,75],{"class":61},[47,73088,78],{"class":65},[47,73090,4729],{"class":69},[47,73092,66],{"class":65},[47,73094,75],{"class":61},[47,73096,78],{"class":65},[47,73098,33628],{"class":69},[47,73100,66],{"class":65},[47,73102,95],{"class":61},[47,73104,73105,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73106,8456],{"class":53},[47,73108,110],{"class":61},[47,73110,35203],{"class":113},[47,73112,117],{"class":61},[47,73114,66],{"class":65},[47,73116,22935],{"class":69},[47,73118,66],{"class":65},[47,73120,132],{"class":61},[20,73122,372],{},[38,73124,73126],{"className":40,"code":73125,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73127,73128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73129,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73131,41118],{"class":106},[47,73133,172],{"class":61},[47,73135,22962],{"class":106},[47,73137,110],{"class":61},[47,73139,35203],{"class":113},[47,73141,117],{"class":61},[47,73143,1995],{"class":113},[47,73145,17061],{"class":61},[47,73147,4524],{"class":53},[47,73149,1369],{"class":57},[47,73151,21575],{"class":57},[47,73153,73154],{"class":106}," list\n",[20,73156,73157],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73159,73160],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[38,73162,73164],{"className":40,"code":73163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73165,73166,73198,73210,73214,73226,73241,73245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73167,73168,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73169,8425],{"class":53},[47,73171,58],{"class":57},[47,73173,62],{"class":61},[47,73175,66],{"class":65},[47,73177,4720],{"class":69},[47,73179,66],{"class":65},[47,73181,75],{"class":61},[47,73183,78],{"class":65},[47,73185,4729],{"class":69},[47,73187,66],{"class":65},[47,73189,75],{"class":61},[47,73191,78],{"class":65},[47,73193,33628],{"class":69},[47,73195,66],{"class":65},[47,73197,95],{"class":61},[47,73199,73200,73202,73204,73206,73208],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73201,3098],{"class":53},[47,73203,58],{"class":57},[47,73205,78],{"class":65},[47,73207,22935],{"class":69},[47,73209,689],{"class":65},[47,73211,73212],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,73213,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,73215,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,73217,7642],{"class":1107},[47,73219,21986],{"class":53},[47,73221,1114],{"class":57},[47,73223,6609],{"class":53},[47,73225,7038],{"class":61},[47,73227,73228,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,73229,73230],{"class":53},"    items",[47,73232,110],{"class":61},[47,73234,35203],{"class":113},[47,73236,117],{"class":61},[47,73238,259],{"class":113},[47,73240,132],{"class":61},[47,73242,73243],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,73244,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,73246,73247,73249,73251,73253],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,73248,139],{"class":138},[47,73250,117],{"class":61},[47,73252,8456],{"class":113},[47,73254,132],{"class":61},[20,73256,372],{},[38,73258,73260],{"className":40,"code":73259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73261,73262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73263,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73265,669],{"class":61},[47,73267,385],{"class":65},[47,73269,4720],{"class":69},[47,73271,385],{"class":65},[47,73273,75],{"class":61},[47,73275,398],{"class":65},[47,73277,4729],{"class":69},[47,73279,385],{"class":65},[47,73281,75],{"class":61},[47,73283,398],{"class":65},[47,73285,33628],{"class":69},[47,73287,385],{"class":65},[47,73289,95],{"class":61},[20,73291,73292,73293,73295],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73294,55949],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73297,73298,73299,110],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[210,73300,66262],{"href":73301},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[33,73303,73305],{"id":73304},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73307,73308,5036,73310,73312],{},[15,73309,55949],{},[15,73311,13391],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[174,73314,73315,73322,73328,73334],{},[177,73316,73317,73319,73320],{},[15,73318,55949],{}," deletes by ",[278,73321,259],{},[177,73323,73324,73319,73326],{},[15,73325,13391],{},[278,73327,36256],{},[177,73329,73330,3048,73332],{},[15,73331,55949],{},[15,73333,269],{},[177,73335,73336,73338],{},[15,73337,13391],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73340,46457,73341,172],{},[15,73342,55949],{},[38,73344,73346],{"className":40,"code":73345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73347,73348,73380,73398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73349,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73351,8425],{"class":53},[47,73353,58],{"class":57},[47,73355,62],{"class":61},[47,73357,66],{"class":65},[47,73359,4720],{"class":69},[47,73361,66],{"class":65},[47,73363,75],{"class":61},[47,73365,78],{"class":65},[47,73367,4729],{"class":69},[47,73369,66],{"class":65},[47,73371,75],{"class":61},[47,73373,78],{"class":65},[47,73375,33628],{"class":69},[47,73377,66],{"class":65},[47,73379,95],{"class":61},[47,73381,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73383,8456],{"class":53},[47,73385,110],{"class":61},[47,73387,35203],{"class":113},[47,73389,117],{"class":61},[47,73391,66],{"class":65},[47,73393,4729],{"class":69},[47,73395,66],{"class":65},[47,73397,132],{"class":61},[47,73399,73400,73402,73404,73406],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,73401,139],{"class":138},[47,73403,117],{"class":61},[47,73405,8456],{"class":113},[47,73407,132],{"class":61},[20,73409,372],{},[38,73411,73413],{"className":40,"code":73412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73414,73415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73416,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73418,669],{"class":61},[47,73420,385],{"class":65},[47,73422,4720],{"class":69},[47,73424,385],{"class":65},[47,73426,75],{"class":61},[47,73428,398],{"class":65},[47,73430,33628],{"class":69},[47,73432,385],{"class":65},[47,73434,95],{"class":61},[20,73436,46457,73437,172],{},[15,73438,13391],{},[38,73440,73442],{"className":40,"code":73441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73443,73444,73476,73495,73499,73509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73445,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73447,8425],{"class":53},[47,73449,58],{"class":57},[47,73451,62],{"class":61},[47,73453,66],{"class":65},[47,73455,4720],{"class":69},[47,73457,66],{"class":65},[47,73459,75],{"class":61},[47,73461,78],{"class":65},[47,73463,4729],{"class":69},[47,73465,66],{"class":65},[47,73467,75],{"class":61},[47,73469,78],{"class":65},[47,73471,33628],{"class":69},[47,73473,66],{"class":65},[47,73475,95],{"class":61},[47,73477,73478,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73479,73480],{"class":53},"removed_item ",[47,73482,58],{"class":57},[47,73484,6609],{"class":53},[47,73486,110],{"class":61},[47,73488,26645],{"class":113},[47,73490,117],{"class":61},[47,73492,917],{"class":349},[47,73494,132],{"class":61},[47,73496,73497],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,73498,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,73500,73501,73503,73505,73507],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,73502,139],{"class":138},[47,73504,117],{"class":61},[47,73506,8456],{"class":113},[47,73508,132],{"class":61},[47,73510,73511,73513,73515,73518],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,73512,139],{"class":138},[47,73514,117],{"class":61},[47,73516,73517],{"class":113},"removed_item",[47,73519,132],{"class":61},[20,73521,372],{},[38,73523,73525],{"className":40,"code":73524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73526,73527,73547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73528,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73530,669],{"class":61},[47,73532,385],{"class":65},[47,73534,4720],{"class":69},[47,73536,385],{"class":65},[47,73538,75],{"class":61},[47,73540,398],{"class":65},[47,73542,33628],{"class":69},[47,73544,385],{"class":65},[47,73546,95],{"class":61},[47,73548,73549],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73550,70829],{"class":53},[20,73552,156,73553,73555],{},[15,73554,55949],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73557,156,73558,73560],{},[15,73559,13391],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73562,73563,73564,110],{},"For more detail, see the ",[210,73565,73566],{"href":55499},"Python list pop() method",[33,73568,73570],{"id":73569},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73572,73573,5036,73575,73577],{},[15,73574,55949],{},[15,73576,27429],{}," are also different.",[174,73579,73580,73585,73590,73595],{},[177,73581,73582,73584],{},[15,73583,55949],{}," deletes by matching value",[177,73586,73587,73589],{},[15,73588,27429],{}," deletes by index or slice",[177,73591,156,73592,73594],{},[15,73593,27429],{}," when you know the position",[177,73596,156,73597,73599],{},[15,73598,55949],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73601,46457,73602,172],{},[15,73603,27429],{},[38,73605,73607],{"className":40,"code":73606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73608,73609,73641,73653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73610,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73612,8425],{"class":53},[47,73614,58],{"class":57},[47,73616,62],{"class":61},[47,73618,66],{"class":65},[47,73620,4720],{"class":69},[47,73622,66],{"class":65},[47,73624,75],{"class":61},[47,73626,78],{"class":65},[47,73628,4729],{"class":69},[47,73630,66],{"class":65},[47,73632,75],{"class":61},[47,73634,78],{"class":65},[47,73636,33628],{"class":69},[47,73638,66],{"class":65},[47,73640,95],{"class":61},[47,73642,73643,73645,73647,73649,73651],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73644,27429],{"class":1107},[47,73646,6609],{"class":53},[47,73648,669],{"class":61},[47,73650,917],{"class":349},[47,73652,95],{"class":61},[47,73654,73655,73657,73659,73661],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,73656,139],{"class":138},[47,73658,117],{"class":61},[47,73660,8456],{"class":113},[47,73662,132],{"class":61},[20,73664,372],{},[38,73666,73667],{"className":40,"code":73412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,73668,73669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73670,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73672,669],{"class":61},[47,73674,385],{"class":65},[47,73676,4720],{"class":69},[47,73678,385],{"class":65},[47,73680,75],{"class":61},[47,73682,398],{"class":65},[47,73684,33628],{"class":69},[47,73686,385],{"class":65},[47,73688,95],{"class":61},[20,73690,73691,73692,73694,73695,73697],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73693,917],{},", not the value ",[15,73696,65697],{}," directly.",[20,73699,73700,73701,110],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[210,73702,55488],{"href":55487},[33,73704,1641],{"id":1640},[20,73706,21613,73707,172],{},[15,73708,55949],{},[174,73710,73711,73714,73719,73726,73735],{},[177,73712,73713],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[177,73715,1968,73716,73718],{},[15,73717,55949],{}," to delete all matching values",[177,73720,13223,73721,73723,73724],{},[15,73722,55949],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73725,269],{},[177,73727,453,73728,45046,73730,3530,73732,73734],{},[15,73729,55949],{},[15,73731,13391],{},[15,73733,27429],{}," would be a better fit",[177,73736,73737],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73739,71929],{},[38,73741,73743],{"className":40,"code":73742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73744,73745,73755,73769,73787,73801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73746,73747,73749,73751,73753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73748,139],{"class":138},[47,73750,117],{"class":61},[47,73752,8985],{"class":113},[47,73754,132],{"class":61},[47,73756,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73758,139],{"class":138},[47,73760,117],{"class":61},[47,73762,3098],{"class":113},[47,73764,1114],{"class":1107},[47,73766,9042],{"class":113},[47,73768,132],{"class":61},[47,73770,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,73772,139],{"class":138},[47,73774,117],{"class":61},[47,73776,8985],{"class":113},[47,73778,110],{"class":61},[47,73780,41674],{"class":113},[47,73782,117],{"class":61},[47,73784,259],{"class":113},[47,73786,2266],{"class":61},[47,73788,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,73790,139],{"class":138},[47,73792,117],{"class":61},[47,73794,2392],{"class":106},[47,73796,117],{"class":61},[47,73798,8985],{"class":113},[47,73800,2266],{"class":61},[47,73802,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,73804,32559],{"class":138},[47,73806,117],{"class":61},[47,73808,1892],{"class":106},[47,73810,110],{"class":61},[47,73812,35203],{"class":25153},[47,73814,132],{"class":61},[20,73816,73817],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[174,73819,73820,73823,73826,73829],{},[177,73821,73822],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[177,73824,73825],{},"How many times does it appear?",[177,73827,73828],{},"Am I working with a list?",[177,73830,73831],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73833,73834,73835,73837],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[210,73836,72093],{"href":59386}," may also help.",[33,73839,2429],{"id":2428},[244,73841,73843],{"id":73842},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73845,73846],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[244,73848,73850],{"id":73849},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73852,5791,73853,73855],{},[15,73854,269],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[244,73857,73859],{"id":73858},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73861,73862,73863,73866,73867,110],{},"Check with ",[15,73864,73865],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73868,55949],{},[244,73870,73872],{"id":73871},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73874,156,73875,73877,73878,73880],{},[15,73876,55949],{}," for a value and ",[15,73879,13391],{}," for an index.",[33,73882,2526],{"id":2525},[174,73884,73885,73889,73893,73897,73901],{},[177,73886,73887],{},[210,73888,55935],{"href":55487},[177,73890,73891],{},[210,73892,73566],{"href":55499},[177,73894,73895],{},[210,73896,72093],{"href":59386},[177,73898,73899],{},[210,73900,66262],{"href":73301},[177,73902,73903],{},[210,73904,73906],{"href":73905},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2563,73908,73909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":73911},[73912,73913,73914,73915,73916,73917,73918,73919,73920,73921,73927],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":72238,"depth":98,"text":72239},{"id":6075,"depth":98,"text":6076},{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":72691,"depth":98,"text":72692},{"id":66052,"depth":98,"text":66053},{"id":73304,"depth":98,"text":73305},{"id":73569,"depth":98,"text":73570},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":73922},[73923,73924,73925,73926],{"id":73842,"depth":135,"text":73843},{"id":73849,"depth":135,"text":73850},{"id":73858,"depth":135,"text":73859},{"id":73871,"depth":135,"text":73872},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72141,"description":73928},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73935,"title":73936,"body":73937,"description":75828,"extension":2611,"meta":75829,"navigation":357,"path":75830,"seo":75831,"stem":75832,"__hash__":75833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73938,"toc":75798},[73939,73945,73951,73954,73965,73967,74016,74021,74026,74030,74045,74047,74112,74114,74155,74157,74159,74174,74176,74187,74189,74246,74248,74281,74283,74286,74335,74337,74362,74364,74380,74386,74393,74454,74456,74489,74494,74497,74577,74579,74640,74646,74650,74653,74717,74719,74744,74746,74766,74768,74817,74819,74840,74849,74852,74856,74861,74906,74908,74929,74935,74940,74948,75012,75014,75051,75057,75061,75068,75133,75135,75172,75176,75193,75203,75208,75213,75224,75231,75233,75239,75262,75265,75292,75297,75300,75401,75403,75458,75461,75568,75570,75641,75644,75670,75672,75677,75681,75689,75694,75699,75705,75710,75714,75717,75734,75737,75757,75765,75767,75795],[10,73940,54762,73942,18],{"id":73941},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73943,73944],{},"reverse()",[20,73946,73947,73950],{},[15,73948,73949],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73952,73953],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73955,73956,73957,73959,73960,73964],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73958,73944],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[210,73961,73963],{"href":73962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[33,73966,4260],{"id":4259},[38,73968,73970],{"className":40,"code":73969,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73971,73972,73992,74003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73973,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73975,4270],{"class":53},[47,73977,58],{"class":57},[47,73979,62],{"class":61},[47,73981,917],{"class":349},[47,73983,75],{"class":61},[47,73985,2409],{"class":349},[47,73987,75],{"class":61},[47,73989,2414],{"class":349},[47,73991,95],{"class":61},[47,73993,73994,73996,73998,74001],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,73995,4300],{"class":53},[47,73997,110],{"class":61},[47,73999,74000],{"class":113},"reverse",[47,74002,9288],{"class":61},[47,74004,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74006,139],{"class":138},[47,74008,117],{"class":61},[47,74010,4300],{"class":113},[47,74012,4313],{"class":61},[47,74014,74015],{"class":152},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74017,74018,74020],{},[15,74019,73944],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[33,74022,164,74024,167],{"id":74023},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74025,73949],{},[20,74027,74028,172],{},[15,74029,73949],{},[174,74031,74032,74035,74038,74042],{},[177,74033,74034],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[177,74036,74037],{},"Changes the original list directly",[177,74039,12057,74040],{},[15,74041,269],{},[177,74043,74044],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74046,603],{},[38,74048,74050],{"className":40,"code":74049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74051,74052,74092,74102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74053,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74055,36501],{"class":53},[47,74057,58],{"class":57},[47,74059,62],{"class":61},[47,74061,66],{"class":65},[47,74063,210],{"class":69},[47,74065,66],{"class":65},[47,74067,75],{"class":61},[47,74069,78],{"class":65},[47,74071,854],{"class":69},[47,74073,66],{"class":65},[47,74075,75],{"class":61},[47,74077,78],{"class":65},[47,74079,863],{"class":69},[47,74081,66],{"class":65},[47,74083,75],{"class":61},[47,74085,78],{"class":65},[47,74087,1693],{"class":69},[47,74089,66],{"class":65},[47,74091,95],{"class":61},[47,74093,74094,74096,74098,74100],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74095,36554],{"class":53},[47,74097,110],{"class":61},[47,74099,74000],{"class":113},[47,74101,9288],{"class":61},[47,74103,74104,74106,74108,74110],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74105,139],{"class":138},[47,74107,117],{"class":61},[47,74109,36554],{"class":113},[47,74111,132],{"class":61},[20,74113,372],{},[38,74115,74117],{"className":40,"code":74116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74118,74119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74120,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74122,669],{"class":61},[47,74124,385],{"class":65},[47,74126,1693],{"class":69},[47,74128,385],{"class":65},[47,74130,75],{"class":61},[47,74132,398],{"class":65},[47,74134,863],{"class":69},[47,74136,385],{"class":65},[47,74138,75],{"class":61},[47,74140,398],{"class":65},[47,74142,854],{"class":69},[47,74144,385],{"class":65},[47,74146,75],{"class":61},[47,74148,398],{"class":65},[47,74150,210],{"class":69},[47,74152,385],{"class":65},[47,74154,95],{"class":61},[33,74156,2806],{"id":2805},[20,74158,2809],{},[38,74160,74162],{"className":40,"code":74161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74163,74164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74165,74166,74168,74170,74172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74167,8985],{"class":53},[47,74169,110],{"class":61},[47,74171,74000],{"class":113},[47,74173,9288],{"class":61},[20,74175,13677],{},[174,74177,74178,74181,74184],{},[177,74179,74180],{},"No arguments are needed",[177,74182,74183],{},"You call it on an existing list",[177,74185,74186],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74188,603],{},[38,74190,74192],{"className":40,"code":74191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74193,74194,74226,74236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74195,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220,74222,74224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74197,332],{"class":53},[47,74199,58],{"class":57},[47,74201,62],{"class":61},[47,74203,66],{"class":65},[47,74205,305],{"class":69},[47,74207,66],{"class":65},[47,74209,75],{"class":61},[47,74211,78],{"class":65},[47,74213,314],{"class":69},[47,74215,66],{"class":65},[47,74217,75],{"class":61},[47,74219,78],{"class":65},[47,74221,323],{"class":69},[47,74223,66],{"class":65},[47,74225,95],{"class":61},[47,74227,74228,74230,74232,74234],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74229,367],{"class":53},[47,74231,110],{"class":61},[47,74233,74000],{"class":113},[47,74235,9288],{"class":61},[47,74237,74238,74240,74242,74244],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74239,139],{"class":138},[47,74241,117],{"class":61},[47,74243,367],{"class":113},[47,74245,132],{"class":61},[20,74247,372],{},[38,74249,74251],{"className":40,"code":74250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74252,74253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74254,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74256,669],{"class":61},[47,74258,385],{"class":65},[47,74260,323],{"class":69},[47,74262,385],{"class":65},[47,74264,75],{"class":61},[47,74266,398],{"class":65},[47,74268,314],{"class":69},[47,74270,385],{"class":65},[47,74272,75],{"class":61},[47,74274,398],{"class":65},[47,74276,305],{"class":69},[47,74278,385],{"class":65},[47,74280,95],{"class":61},[33,74282,12109],{"id":12108},[20,74284,74285],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[38,74287,74289],{"className":40,"code":74288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74290,74291,74315,74325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74292,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74294,4270],{"class":53},[47,74296,58],{"class":57},[47,74298,62],{"class":61},[47,74300,2981],{"class":349},[47,74302,75],{"class":61},[47,74304,8436],{"class":349},[47,74306,75],{"class":61},[47,74308,8441],{"class":349},[47,74310,75],{"class":61},[47,74312,51262],{"class":349},[47,74314,95],{"class":61},[47,74316,74317,74319,74321,74323],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74318,4300],{"class":53},[47,74320,110],{"class":61},[47,74322,74000],{"class":113},[47,74324,9288],{"class":61},[47,74326,74327,74329,74331,74333],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74328,139],{"class":138},[47,74330,117],{"class":61},[47,74332,4300],{"class":113},[47,74334,132],{"class":61},[20,74336,372],{},[38,74338,74340],{"className":40,"code":74339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74341,74342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74345,669],{"class":61},[47,74347,57113],{"class":349},[47,74349,75],{"class":61},[47,74351,8441],{"class":349},[47,74353,75],{"class":61},[47,74355,8436],{"class":349},[47,74357,75],{"class":61},[47,74359,6648],{"class":349},[47,74361,95],{"class":61},[20,74363,424],{},[174,74365,74366,74372,74377],{},[177,74367,74368,74369],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74370,74371],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[177,74373,74374,74376],{},[15,74375,73944],{}," flips the order",[177,74378,74379],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[33,74381,74383,74385],{"id":74382},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74384,73944],{}," changes the original list",[20,74387,74388,74389,74392],{},"This method is ",[278,74390,74391],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[38,74394,74396],{"className":40,"code":74395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74397,74398,74430,74440,74444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74399,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74401,36650],{"class":53},[47,74403,58],{"class":57},[47,74405,62],{"class":61},[47,74407,66],{"class":65},[47,74409,4720],{"class":69},[47,74411,66],{"class":65},[47,74413,75],{"class":61},[47,74415,78],{"class":65},[47,74417,4729],{"class":69},[47,74419,66],{"class":65},[47,74421,75],{"class":61},[47,74423,78],{"class":65},[47,74425,4738],{"class":69},[47,74427,66],{"class":65},[47,74429,95],{"class":61},[47,74431,74432,74434,74436,74438],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74433,36702],{"class":53},[47,74435,110],{"class":61},[47,74437,74000],{"class":113},[47,74439,9288],{"class":61},[47,74441,74442],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74443,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,74445,74446,74448,74450,74452],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,74447,139],{"class":138},[47,74449,117],{"class":61},[47,74451,36702],{"class":113},[47,74453,132],{"class":61},[20,74455,372],{},[38,74457,74459],{"className":40,"code":74458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74460,74461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74462,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74464,669],{"class":61},[47,74466,385],{"class":65},[47,74468,4738],{"class":69},[47,74470,385],{"class":65},[47,74472,75],{"class":61},[47,74474,398],{"class":65},[47,74476,4729],{"class":69},[47,74478,385],{"class":65},[47,74480,75],{"class":61},[47,74482,398],{"class":65},[47,74484,4720],{"class":69},[47,74486,385],{"class":65},[47,74488,95],{"class":61},[20,74490,156,74491,74493],{},[15,74492,73944],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74495,74496],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[38,74498,74500],{"className":40,"code":74499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74501,74502,74534,74552,74556,74566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74503,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74505,36650],{"class":53},[47,74507,58],{"class":57},[47,74509,62],{"class":61},[47,74511,66],{"class":65},[47,74513,4720],{"class":69},[47,74515,66],{"class":65},[47,74517,75],{"class":61},[47,74519,78],{"class":65},[47,74521,4729],{"class":69},[47,74523,66],{"class":65},[47,74525,75],{"class":61},[47,74527,78],{"class":65},[47,74529,4738],{"class":69},[47,74531,66],{"class":65},[47,74533,95],{"class":61},[47,74535,74536,74539,74541,74543,74546,74548,74550],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74537,74538],{"class":53},"reversed_fruits ",[47,74540,58],{"class":57},[47,74542,53271],{"class":53},[47,74544,74545],{"class":61},"[::",[47,74547,2670],{"class":57},[47,74549,917],{"class":349},[47,74551,95],{"class":61},[47,74553,74554],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74555,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,74557,74558,74560,74562,74564],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,74559,139],{"class":138},[47,74561,117],{"class":61},[47,74563,36702],{"class":113},[47,74565,132],{"class":61},[47,74567,74568,74570,74572,74575],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,74569,139],{"class":138},[47,74571,117],{"class":61},[47,74573,74574],{"class":113},"reversed_fruits",[47,74576,132],{"class":61},[20,74578,372],{},[38,74580,74582],{"className":40,"code":74581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74583,74584,74612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74585,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74587,669],{"class":61},[47,74589,385],{"class":65},[47,74591,4720],{"class":69},[47,74593,385],{"class":65},[47,74595,75],{"class":61},[47,74597,398],{"class":65},[47,74599,4729],{"class":69},[47,74601,385],{"class":65},[47,74603,75],{"class":61},[47,74605,398],{"class":65},[47,74607,4738],{"class":69},[47,74609,385],{"class":65},[47,74611,95],{"class":61},[47,74613,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74615,669],{"class":61},[47,74617,385],{"class":65},[47,74619,4738],{"class":69},[47,74621,385],{"class":65},[47,74623,75],{"class":61},[47,74625,398],{"class":65},[47,74627,4729],{"class":69},[47,74629,385],{"class":65},[47,74631,75],{"class":61},[47,74633,398],{"class":65},[47,74635,4720],{"class":69},[47,74637,385],{"class":65},[47,74639,95],{"class":61},[20,74641,74642,74643,110],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[210,74644,74645],{"href":73962},"Python list slicing explained",[33,74647,74649],{"id":74648},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74651,74652],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[38,74654,74656],{"className":40,"code":74655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74657,74658,74678,74692,74696,74707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74659,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74661,4270],{"class":53},[47,74663,58],{"class":57},[47,74665,62],{"class":61},[47,74667,917],{"class":349},[47,74669,75],{"class":61},[47,74671,2409],{"class":349},[47,74673,75],{"class":61},[47,74675,2414],{"class":349},[47,74677,95],{"class":61},[47,74679,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688,74690],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74681,56310],{"class":53},[47,74683,58],{"class":57},[47,74685,4905],{"class":53},[47,74687,110],{"class":61},[47,74689,74000],{"class":113},[47,74691,9288],{"class":61},[47,74693,74694],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74695,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,74697,74698,74700,74702,74705],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,74699,139],{"class":138},[47,74701,117],{"class":61},[47,74703,74704],{"class":113},"new_list",[47,74706,132],{"class":61},[47,74708,74709,74711,74713,74715],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,74710,139],{"class":138},[47,74712,117],{"class":61},[47,74714,4300],{"class":113},[47,74716,132],{"class":61},[20,74718,372],{},[38,74720,74722],{"className":40,"code":74721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74723,74724,74728],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74725,74726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74727,12438],{"class":559},[47,74729,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74731,669],{"class":61},[47,74733,2711],{"class":349},[47,74735,75],{"class":61},[47,74737,2409],{"class":349},[47,74739,75],{"class":61},[47,74741,2002],{"class":349},[47,74743,95],{"class":61},[20,74745,12530],{},[174,74747,74748,74756,74760],{},[177,74749,74750,74752,74753,74755],{},[15,74751,73944],{}," changes ",[15,74754,4300],{}," directly",[177,74757,41320,74758,72262],{},[278,74759,1369],{},[177,74761,54073,74762,42570,74764],{},[15,74763,74704],{},[15,74765,269],{},[20,74767,62320],{},[38,74769,74771],{"className":40,"code":74770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74772,74773,74793,74803,74807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74774,74775,74777,74779,74781,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74776,4270],{"class":53},[47,74778,58],{"class":57},[47,74780,62],{"class":61},[47,74782,917],{"class":349},[47,74784,75],{"class":61},[47,74786,2409],{"class":349},[47,74788,75],{"class":61},[47,74790,2414],{"class":349},[47,74792,95],{"class":61},[47,74794,74795,74797,74799,74801],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74796,4300],{"class":53},[47,74798,110],{"class":61},[47,74800,74000],{"class":113},[47,74802,9288],{"class":61},[47,74804,74805],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74806,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,74808,74809,74811,74813,74815],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,74810,139],{"class":138},[47,74812,117],{"class":61},[47,74814,4300],{"class":113},[47,74816,132],{"class":61},[20,74818,372],{},[38,74820,74822],{"className":40,"code":74821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74823,74824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74825,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74827,669],{"class":61},[47,74829,2711],{"class":349},[47,74831,75],{"class":61},[47,74833,2409],{"class":349},[47,74835,75],{"class":61},[47,74837,2002],{"class":349},[47,74839,95],{"class":61},[33,74841,74843,11222,74845,74848],{"id":74842},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74844,73944],{},[15,74846,74847],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74850,74851],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[244,74853,74854],{"id":74000},[15,74855,73944],{},[20,74857,74858,74860],{},[15,74859,73944],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[38,74862,74864],{"className":40,"code":74863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74865,74866,74886,74896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74867,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74869,4270],{"class":53},[47,74871,58],{"class":57},[47,74873,62],{"class":61},[47,74875,2711],{"class":349},[47,74877,75],{"class":61},[47,74879,2002],{"class":349},[47,74881,75],{"class":61},[47,74883,2409],{"class":349},[47,74885,95],{"class":61},[47,74887,74888,74890,74892,74894],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74889,4300],{"class":53},[47,74891,110],{"class":61},[47,74893,74000],{"class":113},[47,74895,9288],{"class":61},[47,74897,74898,74900,74902,74904],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74899,139],{"class":138},[47,74901,117],{"class":61},[47,74903,4300],{"class":113},[47,74905,132],{"class":61},[20,74907,372],{},[38,74909,74911],{"className":40,"code":74910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74912,74913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74914,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74916,669],{"class":61},[47,74918,2705],{"class":349},[47,74920,75],{"class":61},[47,74922,2002],{"class":349},[47,74924,75],{"class":61},[47,74926,2414],{"class":349},[47,74928,95],{"class":61},[20,74930,74931,74932,74934],{},"Notice that this is ",[278,74933,1369],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[244,74936,74938],{"id":74937},"sorted",[15,74939,74847],{},[20,74941,74942,74947],{},[210,74943,74945],{"href":74944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74946,74847],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[38,74949,74951],{"className":40,"code":74950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74952,74953,74973,74988,74992,75002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74954,74955,74957,74959,74961,74963,74965,74967,74969,74971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74956,4270],{"class":53},[47,74958,58],{"class":57},[47,74960,62],{"class":61},[47,74962,2711],{"class":349},[47,74964,75],{"class":61},[47,74966,2002],{"class":349},[47,74968,75],{"class":61},[47,74970,2409],{"class":349},[47,74972,95],{"class":61},[47,74974,74975,74977,74979,74982,74984,74986],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,74976,2879],{"class":53},[47,74978,58],{"class":57},[47,74980,74981],{"class":138}," sorted",[47,74983,117],{"class":61},[47,74985,4300],{"class":113},[47,74987,132],{"class":61},[47,74989,74990],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,74991,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,74993,74994,74996,74998,75000],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,74995,139],{"class":138},[47,74997,117],{"class":61},[47,74999,4300],{"class":113},[47,75001,132],{"class":61},[47,75003,75004,75006,75008,75010],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,75005,139],{"class":138},[47,75007,117],{"class":61},[47,75009,2914],{"class":113},[47,75011,132],{"class":61},[20,75013,372],{},[38,75015,75017],{"className":40,"code":75016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75018,75019,75035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75020,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75022,669],{"class":61},[47,75024,2711],{"class":349},[47,75026,75],{"class":61},[47,75028,2002],{"class":349},[47,75030,75],{"class":61},[47,75032,2409],{"class":349},[47,75034,95],{"class":61},[47,75036,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045,75047,75049],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75038,669],{"class":61},[47,75040,917],{"class":349},[47,75042,75],{"class":61},[47,75044,2409],{"class":349},[47,75046,75],{"class":61},[47,75048,2414],{"class":349},[47,75050,95],{"class":61},[20,75052,75053,75054,110],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75055,75056],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[244,75058,75060],{"id":75059},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75062,75063,75064,75067],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75065,75066],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[38,75069,75071],{"className":40,"code":75070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75072,75073,75093,75109,75113,75123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75074,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75076,4270],{"class":53},[47,75078,58],{"class":57},[47,75080,62],{"class":61},[47,75082,2711],{"class":349},[47,75084,75],{"class":61},[47,75086,2002],{"class":349},[47,75088,75],{"class":61},[47,75090,2409],{"class":349},[47,75092,95],{"class":61},[47,75094,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75096,2879],{"class":53},[47,75098,58],{"class":57},[47,75100,4905],{"class":53},[47,75102,74545],{"class":61},[47,75104,2670],{"class":57},[47,75106,917],{"class":349},[47,75108,95],{"class":61},[47,75110,75111],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,75112,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,75114,75115,75117,75119,75121],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,75116,139],{"class":138},[47,75118,117],{"class":61},[47,75120,4300],{"class":113},[47,75122,132],{"class":61},[47,75124,75125,75127,75129,75131],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,75126,139],{"class":138},[47,75128,117],{"class":61},[47,75130,2914],{"class":113},[47,75132,132],{"class":61},[20,75134,372],{},[38,75136,75138],{"className":40,"code":75137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75139,75140,75156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75141,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75143,669],{"class":61},[47,75145,2711],{"class":349},[47,75147,75],{"class":61},[47,75149,2002],{"class":349},[47,75151,75],{"class":61},[47,75153,2409],{"class":349},[47,75155,95],{"class":61},[47,75157,75158,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75159,669],{"class":61},[47,75161,2705],{"class":349},[47,75163,75],{"class":61},[47,75165,2002],{"class":349},[47,75167,75],{"class":61},[47,75169,2414],{"class":349},[47,75171,95],{"class":61},[244,75173,75175],{"id":75174},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[174,75177,75178,75183,75188],{},[177,75179,156,75180,75182],{},[15,75181,73944],{}," when you want to change the original list",[177,75184,156,75185,75187],{},[15,75186,75066],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[177,75189,156,75190,75192],{},[15,75191,74847],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75194,75195,75196,75202],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[210,75197,75199,75200,1637],{"href":75198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75201,64734],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[33,75204,1216,75206],{"id":75205},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75207,73944],{},[20,75209,75210,75212],{},[15,75211,73944],{}," is a good choice:",[174,75214,75215,75218,75221],{},[177,75216,75217],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[177,75219,75220],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[177,75222,75223],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75225,75226,75227,110],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[210,75228,75230],{"href":75229},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[33,75232,1641],{"id":1640},[20,75234,75235,75236,75238],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75237,73944],{}," for these reasons:",[174,75240,75241,75245,75250,75255],{},[177,75242,13223,75243,13226],{},[15,75244,73944],{},[177,75246,1968,75247,75249],{},[15,75248,73944],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[177,75251,453,75252,75254],{},[15,75253,73944],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[177,75256,37616,75257,9350,75259],{},[15,75258,73944],{},[15,75260,75261],{},"reversed()",[20,75263,75264],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[38,75266,75268],{"className":40,"code":75267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75269,75270,75282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75271,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75273,35096],{"class":53},[47,75275,58],{"class":57},[47,75277,78],{"class":65},[47,75279,4492],{"class":69},[47,75281,689],{"class":65},[47,75283,75284,75286,75288,75290],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75285,35117],{"class":53},[47,75287,110],{"class":61},[47,75289,74000],{"class":113},[47,75291,9288],{"class":61},[20,75293,75294,75295,34008],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75296,73944],{},[20,75298,75299],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[38,75301,75303],{"className":40,"code":75302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75304,75305,75325,75329,75339,75353,75357,75371,75381,75385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75306,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75308,8954],{"class":53},[47,75310,58],{"class":57},[47,75312,62],{"class":61},[47,75314,917],{"class":349},[47,75316,75],{"class":61},[47,75318,2409],{"class":349},[47,75320,75],{"class":61},[47,75322,2414],{"class":349},[47,75324,95],{"class":61},[47,75326,75327],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75328,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,75330,75331,75333,75335,75337],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,75332,139],{"class":138},[47,75334,117],{"class":61},[47,75336,8985],{"class":113},[47,75338,132],{"class":61},[47,75340,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,75342,139],{"class":138},[47,75344,117],{"class":61},[47,75346,2392],{"class":106},[47,75348,117],{"class":61},[47,75350,8985],{"class":113},[47,75352,2266],{"class":61},[47,75354,75355],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,75356,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,75358,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,75360,2879],{"class":53},[47,75362,58],{"class":57},[47,75364,9042],{"class":53},[47,75366,110],{"class":61},[47,75368,74000],{"class":113},[47,75370,9288],{"class":61},[47,75372,75373,75375,75377,75379],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,75374,139],{"class":138},[47,75376,117],{"class":61},[47,75378,2914],{"class":113},[47,75380,132],{"class":61},[47,75382,75383],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,75384,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,75386,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,75388,139],{"class":138},[47,75390,117],{"class":61},[47,75392,8985],{"class":113},[47,75394,74545],{"class":61},[47,75396,2670],{"class":57},[47,75398,917],{"class":349},[47,75400,2166],{"class":61},[20,75402,372],{},[38,75404,75406],{"className":40,"code":75405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75407,75408,75424,75438,75442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75409,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75411,669],{"class":61},[47,75413,917],{"class":349},[47,75415,75],{"class":61},[47,75417,2409],{"class":349},[47,75419,75],{"class":61},[47,75421,2414],{"class":349},[47,75423,95],{"class":61},[47,75425,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75427,3941],{"class":57},[47,75429,3944],{"class":2714},[47,75431,398],{"class":65},[47,75433,1892],{"class":69},[47,75435,385],{"class":65},[47,75437,3953],{"class":57},[47,75439,75440],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,75441,12438],{"class":559},[47,75443,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,75445,669],{"class":61},[47,75447,917],{"class":349},[47,75449,75],{"class":61},[47,75451,2409],{"class":349},[47,75453,75],{"class":61},[47,75455,2002],{"class":349},[47,75457,95],{"class":61},[20,75459,75460],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[38,75462,75464],{"className":40,"code":75463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75465,75466,75486,75490,75500,75514,75518,75532,75542,75552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75467,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482,75484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75469,8954],{"class":53},[47,75471,58],{"class":57},[47,75473,62],{"class":61},[47,75475,917],{"class":349},[47,75477,75],{"class":61},[47,75479,2409],{"class":349},[47,75481,75],{"class":61},[47,75483,2414],{"class":349},[47,75485,95],{"class":61},[47,75487,75488],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75489,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,75491,75492,75494,75496,75498],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,75493,139],{"class":138},[47,75495,117],{"class":61},[47,75497,8985],{"class":113},[47,75499,132],{"class":61},[47,75501,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,75503,139],{"class":138},[47,75505,117],{"class":61},[47,75507,2392],{"class":106},[47,75509,117],{"class":61},[47,75511,8985],{"class":113},[47,75513,2266],{"class":61},[47,75515,75516],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,75517,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,75519,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,75521,2879],{"class":53},[47,75523,58],{"class":57},[47,75525,9042],{"class":53},[47,75527,110],{"class":61},[47,75529,74000],{"class":113},[47,75531,9288],{"class":61},[47,75533,75534,75536,75538,75540],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,75535,139],{"class":138},[47,75537,117],{"class":61},[47,75539,2914],{"class":113},[47,75541,132],{"class":61},[47,75543,75544,75546,75548,75550],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,75545,139],{"class":138},[47,75547,117],{"class":61},[47,75549,8985],{"class":113},[47,75551,132],{"class":61},[47,75553,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,75555,139],{"class":138},[47,75557,117],{"class":61},[47,75559,8985],{"class":113},[47,75561,74545],{"class":61},[47,75563,2670],{"class":57},[47,75565,917],{"class":349},[47,75567,2166],{"class":61},[20,75569,372],{},[38,75571,75573],{"className":40,"code":75572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75574,75575,75591,75605,75609,75625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75576,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75578,669],{"class":61},[47,75580,917],{"class":349},[47,75582,75],{"class":61},[47,75584,2409],{"class":349},[47,75586,75],{"class":61},[47,75588,2414],{"class":349},[47,75590,95],{"class":61},[47,75592,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75594,3941],{"class":57},[47,75596,3944],{"class":2714},[47,75598,398],{"class":65},[47,75600,1892],{"class":69},[47,75602,385],{"class":65},[47,75604,3953],{"class":57},[47,75606,75607],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,75608,12438],{"class":559},[47,75610,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,75612,669],{"class":61},[47,75614,2711],{"class":349},[47,75616,75],{"class":61},[47,75618,2409],{"class":349},[47,75620,75],{"class":61},[47,75622,2002],{"class":349},[47,75624,95],{"class":61},[47,75626,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,75628,669],{"class":61},[47,75630,917],{"class":349},[47,75632,75],{"class":61},[47,75634,2409],{"class":349},[47,75636,75],{"class":61},[47,75638,2414],{"class":349},[47,75640,95],{"class":61},[20,75642,75643],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[174,75645,75646,75655,75664],{},[177,75647,28200,75648,75651,75652],{},[15,75649,75650],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75653,75654],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[177,75656,12546,75657,75660,75661,22962],{},[15,75658,75659],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[278,75662,75663],{},"current",[177,75665,75666,75667],{},"So it prints ",[15,75668,75669],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[33,75671,2429],{"id":2428},[244,75673,2433,75675,55889],{"id":75674},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75676,73949],{},[20,75678,63025,75679,110],{},[15,75680,269],{},[244,75682,34613,75684,34616,75686,3143],{"id":75683},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75685,73944],{},[15,75687,75688],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75690,75691,75693],{},[15,75692,73944],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75695,75696,75698],{},[15,75697,75688],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[244,75700,28733,75702,75704],{"id":75701},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75703,73944],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75706,46782,75707,75709],{},[15,75708,73944],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[244,75711,75713],{"id":75712},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75715,75716],{},"Use slicing:",[38,75718,75720],{"className":40,"code":75719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75721,75722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75723,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75725,8985],{"class":53},[47,75727,74545],{"class":61},[47,75729,2670],{"class":57},[47,75731,917],{"class":349},[47,75733,95],{"class":61},[20,75735,75736],{},"Or use:",[38,75738,75740],{"className":40,"code":75739,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75741,75742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75743,75744,75746,75748,75751,75753,75755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75745,1892],{"class":106},[47,75747,117],{"class":61},[47,75749,75750],{"class":138},"reversed",[47,75752,117],{"class":61},[47,75754,8985],{"class":113},[47,75756,2266],{"class":61},[20,75758,75759,75760,75764],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[210,75761,55940,75762],{"href":55380},[15,75763,2556],{}," can also help.",[33,75766,2526],{"id":2525},[174,75768,75769,75775,75781,75785,75789],{},[177,75770,75771],{},[210,75772,55940,75773,1637],{"href":75198},[15,75774,64734],{},[177,75776,75777],{},[210,75778,4226,75779,4159],{"href":74944},[15,75780,74847],{},[177,75782,75783],{},[210,75784,75230],{"href":75229},[177,75786,75787],{},[210,75788,74645],{"href":73962},[177,75790,75791],{},[210,75792,55940,75793,1637],{"href":55380},[15,75794,2556],{},[2563,75796,75797],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":75799},[75800,75801,75803,75804,75805,75807,75808,75815,75817,75818,75827],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":74023,"depth":98,"text":75802},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":74382,"depth":98,"text":75806},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74648,"depth":98,"text":74649},{"id":74842,"depth":98,"text":75809,"children":75810},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75811,75812,75813,75814],{"id":74000,"depth":135,"text":73944},{"id":74937,"depth":135,"text":74847},{"id":75059,"depth":135,"text":75060},{"id":75174,"depth":135,"text":75175},{"id":75205,"depth":98,"text":75816},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":75819},[75820,75822,75824,75826],{"id":75674,"depth":135,"text":75821},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75683,"depth":135,"text":75823},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75701,"depth":135,"text":75825},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75712,"depth":135,"text":75713},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73936,"description":75828},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75835,"title":75836,"body":75837,"description":78270,"extension":2611,"meta":78271,"navigation":357,"path":78272,"seo":78273,"stem":78274,"__hash__":78275},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75838,"toc":78238},[75839,75842,75854,75857,75880,75888,75890,76002,76011,76015,76018,76021,76108,76110,76143,76145,76168,76174,76178,76181,76203,76205,76222,76225,76245,76247,76357,76359,76436,76440,76443,76486,76488,76621,76623,76725,76730,76734,76737,76739,76753,76756,76870,76872,76946,76948,76976,76980,76985,77015,77018,77144,77146,77228,77234,77238,77240,77279,77288,77292,77295,77299,77346,77348,77356,77360,77411,77413,77426,77428,77442,77445,77453,77455,77502,77504,77512,77515,77558,77563,77566,77569,77592,77596,77647,77650,77671,77681,77685,77687,77717,77720,77743,77747,77750,77817,77819,77856,77859,77867,77934,77936,77973,77979,77986,77990,77993,78023,78028,78032,78035,78059,78062,78156,78166,78168,78172,78175,78179,78182,78187,78190,78196,78199,78201,78229,78235],[10,75840,75836],{"id":75841},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75843,75844,75845,2838,75847,17681,75850,75853],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75846,36483],{},[15,75848,75849],{},"stop",[15,75851,75852],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75855,75856],{},"The basic slice form is:",[38,75858,75860],{"className":40,"code":75859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75861,75862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75863,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75865,8985],{"class":53},[47,75867,669],{"class":61},[47,75869,36483],{"class":53},[47,75871,172],{"class":61},[47,75873,75849],{"class":53},[47,75875,172],{"class":61},[47,75877,75852],{"class":53},[47,75879,95],{"class":61},[20,75881,75882,75883,75885,75886,110],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75884,75849],{}," position is ",[278,75887,65492],{},[33,75889,36],{"id":35},[38,75891,75893],{"className":40,"code":75892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75894,75895,75923,75927,75948,75966,75983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75896,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75898,4270],{"class":53},[47,75900,58],{"class":57},[47,75902,62],{"class":61},[47,75904,2981],{"class":349},[47,75906,75],{"class":61},[47,75908,8436],{"class":349},[47,75910,75],{"class":61},[47,75912,8441],{"class":349},[47,75914,75],{"class":61},[47,75916,51262],{"class":349},[47,75918,75],{"class":61},[47,75920,5723],{"class":349},[47,75922,95],{"class":61},[47,75924,75925],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,75926,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,75928,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,75930,139],{"class":138},[47,75932,117],{"class":61},[47,75934,4300],{"class":113},[47,75936,669],{"class":61},[47,75938,917],{"class":349},[47,75940,172],{"class":61},[47,75942,3156],{"class":349},[47,75944,20847],{"class":61},[47,75946,75947],{"class":152},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[47,75949,75950,75952,75954,75956,75959,75961,75963],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,75951,139],{"class":138},[47,75953,117],{"class":61},[47,75955,4300],{"class":113},[47,75957,75958],{"class":61},"[:",[47,75960,2711],{"class":349},[47,75962,20847],{"class":61},[47,75964,75965],{"class":152},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[47,75967,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,75969,139],{"class":138},[47,75971,117],{"class":61},[47,75973,4300],{"class":113},[47,75975,74545],{"class":61},[47,75977,2705],{"class":349},[47,75979,20847],{"class":61},[47,75981,75982],{"class":152},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[47,75984,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,75986,139],{"class":138},[47,75988,117],{"class":61},[47,75990,4300],{"class":113},[47,75992,74545],{"class":61},[47,75994,2670],{"class":57},[47,75996,917],{"class":349},[47,75998,20847],{"class":61},[47,76000,76001],{"class":152},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76003,156,76004,76007,76008,76010],{},[15,76005,76006],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76009,75849],{}," value is not included.",[33,76012,76014],{"id":76013},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76016,76017],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76019,76020],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[38,76022,76024],{"className":40,"code":76023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76025,76026,76074,76078,76097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76027,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76029,36501],{"class":53},[47,76031,58],{"class":57},[47,76033,62],{"class":61},[47,76035,66],{"class":65},[47,76037,210],{"class":69},[47,76039,66],{"class":65},[47,76041,75],{"class":61},[47,76043,78],{"class":65},[47,76045,854],{"class":69},[47,76047,66],{"class":65},[47,76049,75],{"class":61},[47,76051,78],{"class":65},[47,76053,863],{"class":69},[47,76055,66],{"class":65},[47,76057,75],{"class":61},[47,76059,78],{"class":65},[47,76061,1693],{"class":69},[47,76063,66],{"class":65},[47,76065,75],{"class":61},[47,76067,78],{"class":65},[47,76069,60869],{"class":69},[47,76071,66],{"class":65},[47,76073,95],{"class":61},[47,76075,76076],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,76077,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,76079,76080,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,76081,76082],{"class":53},"part ",[47,76084,58],{"class":57},[47,76086,70519],{"class":53},[47,76088,669],{"class":61},[47,76090,917],{"class":349},[47,76092,172],{"class":61},[47,76094,3156],{"class":349},[47,76096,95],{"class":61},[47,76098,76099,76101,76103,76106],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,76100,139],{"class":138},[47,76102,117],{"class":61},[47,76104,76105],{"class":113},"part",[47,76107,132],{"class":61},[20,76109,372],{},[38,76111,76113],{"className":40,"code":76112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76114,76115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76116,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76118,669],{"class":61},[47,76120,385],{"class":65},[47,76122,854],{"class":69},[47,76124,385],{"class":65},[47,76126,75],{"class":61},[47,76128,398],{"class":65},[47,76130,863],{"class":69},[47,76132,385],{"class":65},[47,76134,75],{"class":61},[47,76136,398],{"class":65},[47,76138,1693],{"class":69},[47,76140,385],{"class":65},[47,76142,95],{"class":61},[20,76144,13677],{},[174,76146,76147,76150,76153,76159,76165],{},[177,76148,76149],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[177,76151,76152],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[177,76154,76155,76156],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76157,76158],{},"list[start:stop]",[177,76160,76161,76162,76164],{},"The item at ",[15,76163,75849],{}," is not included",[177,76166,76167],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76169,76170,76171,110],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[210,76172,76173],{"href":51398},"beginner guide to Python lists",[33,76175,76177],{"id":76176},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76179,76180],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[38,76182,76183],{"className":40,"code":75859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,76184,76185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76186,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76188,8985],{"class":53},[47,76190,669],{"class":61},[47,76192,36483],{"class":53},[47,76194,172],{"class":61},[47,76196,75849],{"class":53},[47,76198,172],{"class":61},[47,76200,75852],{"class":53},[47,76202,95],{"class":61},[20,76204,65468],{},[174,76206,76207,76212,76217],{},[177,76208,76209,76211],{},[15,76210,36483],{}," is where slicing begins",[177,76213,76214,76216],{},[15,76215,75849],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[177,76218,76219,76221],{},[15,76220,75852],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76223,76224],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[174,76226,76227,76233,76238],{},[177,76228,76229,76230,76232],{},"Missing ",[15,76231,36483],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[177,76234,76229,76235,76237],{},[15,76236,75849],{}," means go to the end of the list",[177,76239,76229,76240,76242,76243],{},[15,76241,75852],{}," means use ",[15,76244,917],{},[20,76246,603],{},[38,76248,76250],{"className":40,"code":76249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76251,76252,76280,76284,76305,76322,76340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76253,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76255,4270],{"class":53},[47,76257,58],{"class":57},[47,76259,62],{"class":61},[47,76261,2981],{"class":349},[47,76263,75],{"class":61},[47,76265,8436],{"class":349},[47,76267,75],{"class":61},[47,76269,8441],{"class":349},[47,76271,75],{"class":61},[47,76273,51262],{"class":349},[47,76275,75],{"class":61},[47,76277,5723],{"class":349},[47,76279,95],{"class":61},[47,76281,76282],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,76283,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,76285,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,76287,139],{"class":138},[47,76289,117],{"class":61},[47,76291,4300],{"class":113},[47,76293,669],{"class":61},[47,76295,917],{"class":349},[47,76297,172],{"class":61},[47,76299,3156],{"class":349},[47,76301,20847],{"class":61},[47,76303,76304],{"class":152},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[47,76306,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,76308,139],{"class":138},[47,76310,117],{"class":61},[47,76312,4300],{"class":113},[47,76314,75958],{"class":61},[47,76316,2711],{"class":349},[47,76318,20847],{"class":61},[47,76320,76321],{"class":152},"    # start from the beginning\n",[47,76323,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76337],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,76325,139],{"class":138},[47,76327,117],{"class":61},[47,76329,4300],{"class":113},[47,76331,669],{"class":61},[47,76333,2705],{"class":349},[47,76335,76336],{"class":61},":])",[47,76338,76339],{"class":152},"    # go to the end\n",[47,76341,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,76343,139],{"class":138},[47,76345,117],{"class":61},[47,76347,4300],{"class":113},[47,76349,74545],{"class":61},[47,76351,917],{"class":349},[47,76353,20847],{"class":61},[47,76355,76356],{"class":152},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76358,372],{},[38,76360,76362],{"className":40,"code":76361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76363,76364,76380,76396,76412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76365,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76367,669],{"class":61},[47,76369,16364],{"class":349},[47,76371,75],{"class":61},[47,76373,8441],{"class":349},[47,76375,75],{"class":61},[47,76377,51262],{"class":349},[47,76379,95],{"class":61},[47,76381,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,76383,669],{"class":61},[47,76385,2981],{"class":349},[47,76387,75],{"class":61},[47,76389,8436],{"class":349},[47,76391,75],{"class":61},[47,76393,8441],{"class":349},[47,76395,95],{"class":61},[47,76397,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,76399,669],{"class":61},[47,76401,37253],{"class":349},[47,76403,75],{"class":61},[47,76405,51262],{"class":349},[47,76407,75],{"class":61},[47,76409,5723],{"class":349},[47,76411,95],{"class":61},[47,76413,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,76415,669],{"class":61},[47,76417,2981],{"class":349},[47,76419,75],{"class":61},[47,76421,8436],{"class":349},[47,76423,75],{"class":61},[47,76425,8441],{"class":349},[47,76427,75],{"class":61},[47,76429,51262],{"class":349},[47,76431,75],{"class":61},[47,76433,5723],{"class":349},[47,76435,95],{"class":61},[33,76437,76439],{"id":76438},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76441,76442],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[174,76444,76445,76454,76463,76474,76480],{},[177,76446,76447,76450,76451,6609],{},[15,76448,76449],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76452,76453],{},"n",[177,76455,76456,76459,76460,76462],{},[15,76457,76458],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76461,76453],{}," to the end",[177,76464,76465,76468,76469,76471,76472],{},[15,76466,76467],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76470,210],{}," up to ",[15,76473,854],{},[177,76475,76476,76479],{},[15,76477,76478],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[177,76481,76482,76485],{},[15,76483,76484],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76487,603],{},[38,76489,76491],{"className":40,"code":76490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76492,76493,76526,76530,76547,76564,76585,76602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76494,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76496,4270],{"class":53},[47,76498,58],{"class":57},[47,76500,62],{"class":61},[47,76502,2981],{"class":349},[47,76504,75],{"class":61},[47,76506,8436],{"class":349},[47,76508,75],{"class":61},[47,76510,8441],{"class":349},[47,76512,75],{"class":61},[47,76514,51262],{"class":349},[47,76516,75],{"class":61},[47,76518,5723],{"class":349},[47,76520,75],{"class":61},[47,76522,76523],{"class":349}," 60",[47,76525,95],{"class":61},[47,76527,76528],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,76529,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,76531,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,76533,139],{"class":138},[47,76535,117],{"class":61},[47,76537,4300],{"class":113},[47,76539,75958],{"class":61},[47,76541,2711],{"class":349},[47,76543,20847],{"class":61},[47,76545,76546],{"class":152},"    # first 3 items\n",[47,76548,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,76550,139],{"class":138},[47,76552,117],{"class":61},[47,76554,4300],{"class":113},[47,76556,669],{"class":61},[47,76558,2711],{"class":349},[47,76560,76336],{"class":61},[47,76562,76563],{"class":152},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[47,76565,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,76567,139],{"class":138},[47,76569,117],{"class":61},[47,76571,4300],{"class":113},[47,76573,669],{"class":61},[47,76575,917],{"class":349},[47,76577,172],{"class":61},[47,76579,2784],{"class":349},[47,76581,20847],{"class":61},[47,76583,76584],{"class":152},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[47,76586,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,76588,139],{"class":138},[47,76590,117],{"class":61},[47,76592,4300],{"class":113},[47,76594,74545],{"class":61},[47,76596,2705],{"class":349},[47,76598,20847],{"class":61},[47,76600,76601],{"class":152},"   # every second item\n",[47,76603,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,76605,139],{"class":138},[47,76607,117],{"class":61},[47,76609,4300],{"class":113},[47,76611,74545],{"class":61},[47,76613,2670],{"class":57},[47,76615,917],{"class":349},[47,76617,20847],{"class":61},[47,76619,76620],{"class":152},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76622,372],{},[38,76624,76626],{"className":40,"code":76625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76627,76628,76644,76660,76680,76696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76629,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76631,669],{"class":61},[47,76633,2981],{"class":349},[47,76635,75],{"class":61},[47,76637,8436],{"class":349},[47,76639,75],{"class":61},[47,76641,8441],{"class":349},[47,76643,95],{"class":61},[47,76645,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,76647,669],{"class":61},[47,76649,57113],{"class":349},[47,76651,75],{"class":61},[47,76653,5723],{"class":349},[47,76655,75],{"class":61},[47,76657,76523],{"class":349},[47,76659,95],{"class":61},[47,76661,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,76663,669],{"class":61},[47,76665,16364],{"class":349},[47,76667,75],{"class":61},[47,76669,8441],{"class":349},[47,76671,75],{"class":61},[47,76673,51262],{"class":349},[47,76675,75],{"class":61},[47,76677,5723],{"class":349},[47,76679,95],{"class":61},[47,76681,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,76683,669],{"class":61},[47,76685,2981],{"class":349},[47,76687,75],{"class":61},[47,76689,8441],{"class":349},[47,76691,75],{"class":61},[47,76693,5723],{"class":349},[47,76695,95],{"class":61},[47,76697,76698,76700,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,76699,669],{"class":61},[47,76701,76702],{"class":349},"60",[47,76704,75],{"class":61},[47,76706,5723],{"class":349},[47,76708,75],{"class":61},[47,76710,51262],{"class":349},[47,76712,75],{"class":61},[47,76714,8441],{"class":349},[47,76716,75],{"class":61},[47,76718,8436],{"class":349},[47,76720,75],{"class":61},[47,76722,6648],{"class":349},[47,76724,95],{"class":61},[20,76726,76727,76728,110],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[210,76729,15501],{"href":57640},[33,76731,76733],{"id":76732},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76735,76736],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76738,6117],{},[174,76740,76741,76747],{},[177,76742,76743,76746],{},[15,76744,76745],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[177,76748,76749,76752],{},[15,76750,76751],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76754,76755],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[38,76757,76759],{"className":40,"code":76758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76760,76761,76809,76813,76832,76851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76762,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76764,36501],{"class":53},[47,76766,58],{"class":57},[47,76768,62],{"class":61},[47,76770,66],{"class":65},[47,76772,210],{"class":69},[47,76774,66],{"class":65},[47,76776,75],{"class":61},[47,76778,78],{"class":65},[47,76780,854],{"class":69},[47,76782,66],{"class":65},[47,76784,75],{"class":61},[47,76786,78],{"class":65},[47,76788,863],{"class":69},[47,76790,66],{"class":65},[47,76792,75],{"class":61},[47,76794,78],{"class":65},[47,76796,1693],{"class":69},[47,76798,66],{"class":65},[47,76800,75],{"class":61},[47,76802,78],{"class":65},[47,76804,60869],{"class":69},[47,76806,66],{"class":65},[47,76808,95],{"class":61},[47,76810,76811],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,76812,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,76814,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,76816,139],{"class":138},[47,76818,117],{"class":61},[47,76820,36554],{"class":113},[47,76822,669],{"class":61},[47,76824,2670],{"class":57},[47,76826,917],{"class":349},[47,76828,20847],{"class":61},[47,76830,76831],{"class":152},"    # last item\n",[47,76833,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,76835,139],{"class":138},[47,76837,117],{"class":61},[47,76839,36554],{"class":113},[47,76841,669],{"class":61},[47,76843,2670],{"class":57},[47,76845,2711],{"class":349},[47,76847,76336],{"class":61},[47,76849,76850],{"class":152},"   # last 3 items\n",[47,76852,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,76854,139],{"class":138},[47,76856,117],{"class":61},[47,76858,36554],{"class":113},[47,76860,75958],{"class":61},[47,76862,2670],{"class":57},[47,76864,917],{"class":349},[47,76866,20847],{"class":61},[47,76868,76869],{"class":152},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76871,372],{},[38,76873,76875],{"className":40,"code":76874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76876,76877,76882,76910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76878,76879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76880,76881],{"class":53},"e\n",[47,76883,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,76885,669],{"class":61},[47,76887,385],{"class":65},[47,76889,863],{"class":69},[47,76891,385],{"class":65},[47,76893,75],{"class":61},[47,76895,398],{"class":65},[47,76897,1693],{"class":69},[47,76899,385],{"class":65},[47,76901,75],{"class":61},[47,76903,398],{"class":65},[47,76905,60869],{"class":69},[47,76907,385],{"class":65},[47,76909,95],{"class":61},[47,76911,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,76913,669],{"class":61},[47,76915,385],{"class":65},[47,76917,210],{"class":69},[47,76919,385],{"class":65},[47,76921,75],{"class":61},[47,76923,398],{"class":65},[47,76925,854],{"class":69},[47,76927,385],{"class":65},[47,76929,75],{"class":61},[47,76931,398],{"class":65},[47,76933,863],{"class":69},[47,76935,385],{"class":65},[47,76937,75],{"class":61},[47,76939,398],{"class":65},[47,76941,1693],{"class":69},[47,76943,385],{"class":65},[47,76945,95],{"class":61},[20,76947,13677],{},[174,76949,76950,76953,76957,76963,76969],{},[177,76951,76952],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[177,76954,76955,76746],{},[15,76956,76745],{},[177,76958,76959,76962],{},[15,76960,76961],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[177,76964,76965,76968],{},[15,76966,76967],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[177,76970,76971,76972,5036,76974],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76973,36483],{},[15,76975,75849],{},[33,76977,76979],{"id":76978},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76981,2628,76982,76984],{},[15,76983,75852],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[174,76986,76987,76990,76993,76998,77008],{},[177,76988,76989],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[177,76991,76992],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[177,76994,76995,76997],{},[15,76996,76484],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[177,76999,9520,77000,77002,77003,77005,77006],{},[15,77001,75852],{}," is negative, ",[15,77004,36483],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77007,75849],{},[177,77009,77010,77012,77013],{},[15,77011,75852],{}," cannot be ",[15,77014,436],{},[20,77016,77017],{},"Example with different step values:",[38,77019,77021],{"className":40,"code":77020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77022,77023,77055,77059,77076,77098,77117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77024,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77026,4270],{"class":53},[47,77028,58],{"class":57},[47,77030,62],{"class":61},[47,77032,2981],{"class":349},[47,77034,75],{"class":61},[47,77036,8436],{"class":349},[47,77038,75],{"class":61},[47,77040,8441],{"class":349},[47,77042,75],{"class":61},[47,77044,51262],{"class":349},[47,77046,75],{"class":61},[47,77048,5723],{"class":349},[47,77050,75],{"class":61},[47,77052,76523],{"class":349},[47,77054,95],{"class":61},[47,77056,77057],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77058,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,77060,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77062,139],{"class":138},[47,77064,117],{"class":61},[47,77066,4300],{"class":113},[47,77068,74545],{"class":61},[47,77070,2705],{"class":349},[47,77072,20847],{"class":61},[47,77074,77075],{"class":152},"     # every second item\n",[47,77077,77078,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77091,77093,77095],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,77079,139],{"class":138},[47,77081,117],{"class":61},[47,77083,4300],{"class":113},[47,77085,669],{"class":61},[47,77087,917],{"class":349},[47,77089,77090],{"class":61},"::",[47,77092,2705],{"class":349},[47,77094,20847],{"class":61},[47,77096,77097],{"class":152},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[47,77099,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,77101,139],{"class":138},[47,77103,117],{"class":61},[47,77105,4300],{"class":113},[47,77107,74545],{"class":61},[47,77109,2670],{"class":57},[47,77111,917],{"class":349},[47,77113,20847],{"class":61},[47,77115,77116],{"class":152},"    # reverse the list\n",[47,77118,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,77120,139],{"class":138},[47,77122,117],{"class":61},[47,77124,4300],{"class":113},[47,77126,669],{"class":61},[47,77128,3156],{"class":349},[47,77130,172],{"class":61},[47,77132,917],{"class":349},[47,77134,172],{"class":61},[47,77136,2670],{"class":57},[47,77138,917],{"class":349},[47,77140,20847],{"class":61},[47,77142,77143],{"class":152},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77145,372],{},[38,77147,77149],{"className":40,"code":77148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77150,77151,77167,77183,77211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77154,669],{"class":61},[47,77156,2981],{"class":349},[47,77158,75],{"class":61},[47,77160,8441],{"class":349},[47,77162,75],{"class":61},[47,77164,5723],{"class":349},[47,77166,95],{"class":61},[47,77168,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77170,669],{"class":61},[47,77172,16364],{"class":349},[47,77174,75],{"class":61},[47,77176,51262],{"class":349},[47,77178,75],{"class":61},[47,77180,76523],{"class":349},[47,77182,95],{"class":61},[47,77184,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77186,669],{"class":61},[47,77188,76702],{"class":349},[47,77190,75],{"class":61},[47,77192,5723],{"class":349},[47,77194,75],{"class":61},[47,77196,51262],{"class":349},[47,77198,75],{"class":61},[47,77200,8441],{"class":349},[47,77202,75],{"class":61},[47,77204,8436],{"class":349},[47,77206,75],{"class":61},[47,77208,6648],{"class":349},[47,77210,95],{"class":61},[47,77212,77213,77215,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,77214,669],{"class":61},[47,77216,77217],{"class":349},"50",[47,77219,75],{"class":61},[47,77221,51262],{"class":349},[47,77223,75],{"class":61},[47,77225,8441],{"class":349},[47,77227,95],{"class":61},[20,77229,77230,77231,110],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[210,77232,77233],{"href":75229},"how to reverse a list in Python",[244,77235,77237],{"id":77236},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77239,3488],{},[38,77241,77243],{"className":40,"code":77242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77244,77245,77265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77246,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77248,4270],{"class":53},[47,77250,58],{"class":57},[47,77252,62],{"class":61},[47,77254,917],{"class":349},[47,77256,75],{"class":61},[47,77258,2409],{"class":349},[47,77260,75],{"class":61},[47,77262,2414],{"class":349},[47,77264,95],{"class":61},[47,77266,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77268,139],{"class":138},[47,77270,117],{"class":61},[47,77272,4300],{"class":113},[47,77274,74545],{"class":61},[47,77276,436],{"class":349},[47,77278,2166],{"class":61},[20,77280,77281,77282,77284,77285,77287],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77283,41118],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77286,436],{}," does not make sense.",[33,77289,77291],{"id":77290},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77293,77294],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[244,77296,77298],{"id":77297},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[38,77300,77302],{"className":40,"code":77301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77303,77304,77328,77332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77305,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77307,4270],{"class":53},[47,77309,58],{"class":57},[47,77311,62],{"class":61},[47,77313,2981],{"class":349},[47,77315,75],{"class":61},[47,77317,8436],{"class":349},[47,77319,75],{"class":61},[47,77321,8441],{"class":349},[47,77323,75],{"class":61},[47,77325,51262],{"class":349},[47,77327,95],{"class":61},[47,77329,77330],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77331,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,77333,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77335,139],{"class":138},[47,77337,117],{"class":61},[47,77339,4300],{"class":113},[47,77341,669],{"class":61},[47,77343,2705],{"class":349},[47,77345,2166],{"class":61},[20,77347,372],{},[38,77349,77350],{"className":40,"code":70263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77351,77352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77353,77354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77355,70263],{"class":349},[244,77357,77359],{"id":77358},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[38,77361,77363],{"className":40,"code":77362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77364,77365,77389,77393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77366,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77368,4270],{"class":53},[47,77370,58],{"class":57},[47,77372,62],{"class":61},[47,77374,2981],{"class":349},[47,77376,75],{"class":61},[47,77378,8436],{"class":349},[47,77380,75],{"class":61},[47,77382,8441],{"class":349},[47,77384,75],{"class":61},[47,77386,51262],{"class":349},[47,77388,95],{"class":61},[47,77390,77391],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77392,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,77394,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77396,139],{"class":138},[47,77398,117],{"class":61},[47,77400,4300],{"class":113},[47,77402,669],{"class":61},[47,77404,2705],{"class":349},[47,77406,172],{"class":61},[47,77408,2711],{"class":349},[47,77410,2166],{"class":61},[20,77412,372],{},[38,77414,77416],{"className":40,"code":77415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30]\n",[15,77417,77418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77419,77420,77422,77424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77421,669],{"class":61},[47,77423,37253],{"class":349},[47,77425,95],{"class":61},[20,77427,14380],{},[174,77429,77430,77436],{},[177,77431,77432,77435],{},[15,77433,77434],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[177,77437,77438,77441],{},[15,77439,77440],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77443,77444],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[174,77446,77447,77450],{},[177,77448,77449],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[177,77451,77452],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77454,603],{},[38,77456,77458],{"className":40,"code":77457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77459,77460,77480,77484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77461,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77463,4270],{"class":53},[47,77465,58],{"class":57},[47,77467,62],{"class":61},[47,77469,2981],{"class":349},[47,77471,75],{"class":61},[47,77473,8436],{"class":349},[47,77475,75],{"class":61},[47,77477,8441],{"class":349},[47,77479,95],{"class":61},[47,77481,77482],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77483,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,77485,77486,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77487,139],{"class":138},[47,77489,117],{"class":61},[47,77491,4300],{"class":113},[47,77493,669],{"class":61},[47,77495,2784],{"class":349},[47,77497,172],{"class":61},[47,77499,2981],{"class":349},[47,77501,2166],{"class":61},[20,77503,372],{},[38,77505,77506],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77507,77508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77509,77510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77511,38710],{"class":61},[20,77513,77514],{},"But this would raise an error:",[38,77516,77518],{"className":40,"code":77517,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77519,77520,77540,77544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77521,77522,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77523,4270],{"class":53},[47,77525,58],{"class":57},[47,77527,62],{"class":61},[47,77529,2981],{"class":349},[47,77531,75],{"class":61},[47,77533,8436],{"class":349},[47,77535,75],{"class":61},[47,77537,8441],{"class":349},[47,77539,95],{"class":61},[47,77541,77542],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77543,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,77545,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77547,139],{"class":138},[47,77549,117],{"class":61},[47,77551,4300],{"class":113},[47,77553,669],{"class":61},[47,77555,2784],{"class":349},[47,77557,2166],{"class":61},[20,77559,77560,77561,110],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[210,77562,69682],{"href":69681},[33,77564,15787],{"id":77565},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77567,77568],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[174,77570,77571,77575,77577,77580,77586],{},[177,77572,5348,77573,76164],{},[15,77574,75849],{},[177,77576,61114],{},[177,77578,77579],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[177,77581,37616,77582,9350,77584],{},[15,77583,76484],{},[15,77585,73949],{},[177,77587,77588,77589,77591],{},"Using step ",[15,77590,436],{},", which causes an error",[244,77593,77595],{"id":77594},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[38,77597,77599],{"className":40,"code":77598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77600,77601,77629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77602,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77604,4270],{"class":53},[47,77606,58],{"class":57},[47,77608,62],{"class":61},[47,77610,2981],{"class":349},[47,77612,75],{"class":61},[47,77614,8436],{"class":349},[47,77616,75],{"class":61},[47,77618,8441],{"class":349},[47,77620,75],{"class":61},[47,77622,51262],{"class":349},[47,77624,75],{"class":61},[47,77626,5723],{"class":349},[47,77628,95],{"class":61},[47,77630,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77632,139],{"class":138},[47,77634,117],{"class":61},[47,77636,4300],{"class":113},[47,77638,669],{"class":61},[47,77640,917],{"class":349},[47,77642,172],{"class":61},[47,77644,3156],{"class":349},[47,77646,2166],{"class":61},[20,77648,77649],{},"This returns:",[38,77651,77653],{"className":40,"code":77652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77654,77655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77656,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77658,669],{"class":61},[47,77660,16364],{"class":349},[47,77662,75],{"class":61},[47,77664,8441],{"class":349},[47,77666,75],{"class":61},[47,77668,51262],{"class":349},[47,77670,95],{"class":61},[20,77672,41320,77673,77675,77676,77678,77679,110],{},[278,77674,1369],{}," include ",[15,77677,77217],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77680,3156],{},[244,77682,77684],{"id":77683},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77686,17253],{},[38,77688,77690],{"className":40,"code":77689,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77691,77692,77712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77693,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77695,4270],{"class":53},[47,77697,58],{"class":57},[47,77699,62],{"class":61},[47,77701,2981],{"class":349},[47,77703,75],{"class":61},[47,77705,8436],{"class":349},[47,77707,75],{"class":61},[47,77709,8441],{"class":349},[47,77711,95],{"class":61},[47,77713,77714],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77715,77716],{"class":152},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77718,77719],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[38,77721,77723],{"className":40,"code":77722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77724,77725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77726,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77728,139],{"class":138},[47,77730,117],{"class":61},[47,77732,4300],{"class":113},[47,77734,669],{"class":61},[47,77736,917],{"class":349},[47,77738,172],{"class":61},[47,77740,2711],{"class":349},[47,77742,2166],{"class":61},[244,77744,77746],{"id":77745},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77748,77749],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[38,77751,77753],{"className":40,"code":77752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77754,77755,77779,77793,77797,77807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77756,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77758,4270],{"class":53},[47,77760,58],{"class":57},[47,77762,62],{"class":61},[47,77764,2981],{"class":349},[47,77766,75],{"class":61},[47,77768,8436],{"class":349},[47,77770,75],{"class":61},[47,77772,8441],{"class":349},[47,77774,75],{"class":61},[47,77776,51262],{"class":349},[47,77778,95],{"class":61},[47,77780,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77782,76082],{"class":53},[47,77784,58],{"class":57},[47,77786,4905],{"class":53},[47,77788,75958],{"class":61},[47,77790,2705],{"class":349},[47,77792,95],{"class":61},[47,77794,77795],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77796,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,77798,77799,77801,77803,77805],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,77800,139],{"class":138},[47,77802,117],{"class":61},[47,77804,76105],{"class":113},[47,77806,132],{"class":61},[47,77808,77809,77811,77813,77815],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,77810,139],{"class":138},[47,77812,117],{"class":61},[47,77814,4300],{"class":113},[47,77816,132],{"class":61},[20,77818,372],{},[38,77820,77822],{"className":40,"code":77821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77823,77824,77836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77825,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77827,669],{"class":61},[47,77829,2981],{"class":349},[47,77831,75],{"class":61},[47,77833,8436],{"class":349},[47,77835,95],{"class":61},[47,77837,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77839,669],{"class":61},[47,77841,2981],{"class":349},[47,77843,75],{"class":61},[47,77845,8436],{"class":349},[47,77847,75],{"class":61},[47,77849,8441],{"class":349},[47,77851,75],{"class":61},[47,77853,51262],{"class":349},[47,77855,95],{"class":61},[20,77857,77858],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[244,77860,77862,77863,9350,77865],{"id":77861},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77864,76484],{},[15,77866,73949],{},[38,77868,77870],{"className":40,"code":77869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77871,77872,77892,77896,77913,77924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77873,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77875,4270],{"class":53},[47,77877,58],{"class":57},[47,77879,62],{"class":61},[47,77881,2981],{"class":349},[47,77883,75],{"class":61},[47,77885,8436],{"class":349},[47,77887,75],{"class":61},[47,77889,8441],{"class":349},[47,77891,95],{"class":61},[47,77893,77894],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77895,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,77897,77898,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,77899,77900],{"class":53},"reversed_copy ",[47,77902,58],{"class":57},[47,77904,4905],{"class":53},[47,77906,74545],{"class":61},[47,77908,2670],{"class":57},[47,77910,917],{"class":349},[47,77912,95],{"class":61},[47,77914,77915,77917,77919,77922],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,77916,139],{"class":138},[47,77918,117],{"class":61},[47,77920,77921],{"class":113},"reversed_copy",[47,77923,132],{"class":61},[47,77925,77926,77928,77930,77932],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,77927,139],{"class":138},[47,77929,117],{"class":61},[47,77931,4300],{"class":113},[47,77933,132],{"class":61},[20,77935,372],{},[38,77937,77939],{"className":40,"code":77938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77940,77941,77957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77942,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77944,669],{"class":61},[47,77946,37253],{"class":349},[47,77948,75],{"class":61},[47,77950,8436],{"class":349},[47,77952,75],{"class":61},[47,77954,6648],{"class":349},[47,77956,95],{"class":61},[47,77958,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,77960,669],{"class":61},[47,77962,2981],{"class":349},[47,77964,75],{"class":61},[47,77966,8436],{"class":349},[47,77968,75],{"class":61},[47,77970,8441],{"class":349},[47,77972,95],{"class":61},[20,77974,77975,77978],{},[15,77976,77977],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77980,77981,77982,77985],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77983,77984],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[244,77987,77989],{"id":77988},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77991,77992],{},"This is not allowed:",[38,77994,77996],{"className":40,"code":77995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77997,77998,78018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77999,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78001,4270],{"class":53},[47,78003,58],{"class":57},[47,78005,62],{"class":61},[47,78007,2981],{"class":349},[47,78009,75],{"class":61},[47,78011,8436],{"class":349},[47,78013,75],{"class":61},[47,78015,8441],{"class":349},[47,78017,95],{"class":61},[47,78019,78020],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78021,78022],{"class":152},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78024,78025,78026,110],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78027,41118],{},[33,78029,78031],{"id":78030},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78033,78034],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[174,78036,78037,78044,78050,78053,78056],{},[177,78038,37616,78039,5036,78041,78043],{},[15,78040,36483],{},[15,78042,75849],{}," positions",[177,78045,78046,78047,78049],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78048,75849],{}," index is included",[177,78051,78052],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[177,78054,78055],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[177,78057,78058],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78060,78061],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[38,78063,78065],{"className":40,"code":78064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78066,78067,78077,78091,78109,78123,78140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78068,78069,78071,78073,78075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78070,139],{"class":138},[47,78072,117],{"class":61},[47,78074,8985],{"class":113},[47,78076,132],{"class":61},[47,78078,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78080,139],{"class":138},[47,78082,117],{"class":61},[47,78084,11798],{"class":138},[47,78086,117],{"class":61},[47,78088,8985],{"class":113},[47,78090,2266],{"class":61},[47,78092,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78094,139],{"class":138},[47,78096,117],{"class":61},[47,78098,8985],{"class":113},[47,78100,669],{"class":61},[47,78102,917],{"class":349},[47,78104,172],{"class":61},[47,78106,3156],{"class":349},[47,78108,2166],{"class":61},[47,78110,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,78112,139],{"class":138},[47,78114,117],{"class":61},[47,78116,8985],{"class":113},[47,78118,75958],{"class":61},[47,78120,2711],{"class":349},[47,78122,2166],{"class":61},[47,78124,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,78126,139],{"class":138},[47,78128,117],{"class":61},[47,78130,8985],{"class":113},[47,78132,669],{"class":61},[47,78134,2670],{"class":57},[47,78136,2711],{"class":349},[47,78138,78139],{"class":61},":])\n",[47,78141,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,78143,139],{"class":138},[47,78145,117],{"class":61},[47,78147,8985],{"class":113},[47,78149,74545],{"class":61},[47,78151,2670],{"class":57},[47,78153,917],{"class":349},[47,78155,2166],{"class":61},[20,78157,453,78158,78160,78161,78165],{},[15,78159,42776],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[210,78162,78164],{"href":78163},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[33,78167,2429],{"id":2428},[244,78169,78171],{"id":78170},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78173,78174],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[244,78176,78178],{"id":78177},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78180,78181],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[244,78183,5785,78185,40374],{"id":78184},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78186,76484],{},[20,78188,78189],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[244,78191,78193,78194,3143],{"id":78192},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78195,71154],{},[20,78197,78198],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[33,78200,2526],{"id":2525},[174,78202,78203,78208,78213,78217,78221,78225],{},[177,78204,78205],{},[210,78206,78207],{"href":51398},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[177,78209,78210],{},[210,78211,78212],{"href":57574},"How to create a list in Python",[177,78214,78215],{},[210,78216,15577],{"href":57640},[177,78218,78219],{},[210,78220,75230],{"href":75229},[177,78222,78223],{},[210,78224,78164],{"href":78163},[177,78226,78227],{},[210,78228,69682],{"href":69681},[20,78230,78231,78232,78234],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78233,42776],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2563,78236,78237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":78239},[78240,78241,78242,78243,78244,78245,78248,78252,78260,78261,78269],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":76013,"depth":98,"text":76014},{"id":76176,"depth":98,"text":76177},{"id":76438,"depth":98,"text":76439},{"id":76732,"depth":98,"text":76733},{"id":76978,"depth":98,"text":76979,"children":78246},[78247],{"id":77236,"depth":135,"text":77237},{"id":77290,"depth":98,"text":77291,"children":78249},[78250,78251],{"id":77297,"depth":135,"text":77298},{"id":77358,"depth":135,"text":77359},{"id":77565,"depth":98,"text":15787,"children":78253},[78254,78255,78256,78257,78259],{"id":77594,"depth":135,"text":77595},{"id":77683,"depth":135,"text":77684},{"id":77745,"depth":135,"text":77746},{"id":77861,"depth":135,"text":78258},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77988,"depth":135,"text":77989},{"id":78030,"depth":98,"text":78031},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":78262},[78263,78264,78265,78267],{"id":78170,"depth":135,"text":78171},{"id":78177,"depth":135,"text":78178},{"id":78184,"depth":135,"text":78266},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78192,"depth":135,"text":78268},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75836,"description":78270},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78277,"title":78278,"body":78279,"description":80348,"extension":2611,"meta":80349,"navigation":357,"path":80350,"seo":80351,"stem":80352,"__hash__":80353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78280,"toc":80314},[78281,78286,78292,78298,78300,78347,78354,78359,78363,78378,78381,78434,78436,78461,78466,78468,78500,78503,78519,78521,78582,78584,78609,78613,78618,78671,78673,78698,78703,78764,78766,78791,78794,78801,78805,78808,78869,78871,78904,78907,78968,78970,79003,79009,79082,79084,79116,79123,79128,79133,79135,79147,79150,79228,79230,79271,79274,79348,79350,79383,79388,79395,79402,79406,79415,79419,79427,79429,79496,79498,79534,79539,79550,79552,79557,79562,79564,79627,79629,79654,79661,79666,79670,79673,79713,79718,79724,79729,79731,79758,79763,79766,79813,79815,79872,79879,79884,79890,79959,79963,79966,80029,80031,80064,80069,80071,80074,80155,80157,80181,80187,80189,80194,80198,80205,80213,80217,80219,80242,80246,80248,80275,80278,80285,80288,80290,80311],[10,78282,54762,78284,18],{"id":78283},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78285,64734],{},[20,78287,78288,78291],{},[15,78289,78290],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78293,78294,78295,78297],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78296,64734],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[33,78299,36],{"id":35},[38,78301,78303],{"className":40,"code":78302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78304,78305,78325,78335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78306,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78308,4270],{"class":53},[47,78310,58],{"class":57},[47,78312,62],{"class":61},[47,78314,2711],{"class":349},[47,78316,75],{"class":61},[47,78318,2002],{"class":349},[47,78320,75],{"class":61},[47,78322,2409],{"class":349},[47,78324,95],{"class":61},[47,78326,78327,78329,78331,78333],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78328,4300],{"class":53},[47,78330,110],{"class":61},[47,78332,35208],{"class":113},[47,78334,9288],{"class":61},[47,78336,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78338,139],{"class":138},[47,78340,117],{"class":61},[47,78342,4300],{"class":113},[47,78344,4313],{"class":61},[47,78346,55352],{"class":152},[20,78348,156,78349,78351,78352,110],{},[15,78350,78290],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78353,269],{},[33,78355,164,78357,167],{"id":78356},"what-listsort-does",[15,78358,78290],{},[20,78360,78361,172],{},[15,78362,78290],{},[174,78364,78365,78368,78371,78375],{},[177,78366,78367],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[177,78369,78370],{},"Changes the original list",[177,78372,12057,78373],{},[15,78374,269],{},[177,78376,78377],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78379,78380],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[38,78382,78384],{"className":40,"code":78383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78385,78386,78410,78420,78424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78387,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78389,4270],{"class":53},[47,78391,58],{"class":57},[47,78393,62],{"class":61},[47,78395,2784],{"class":349},[47,78397,75],{"class":61},[47,78399,2409],{"class":349},[47,78401,75],{"class":61},[47,78403,54556],{"class":349},[47,78405,75],{"class":61},[47,78407,2002],{"class":349},[47,78409,95],{"class":61},[47,78411,78412,78414,78416,78418],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78413,4300],{"class":53},[47,78415,110],{"class":61},[47,78417,35208],{"class":113},[47,78419,9288],{"class":61},[47,78421,78422],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78423,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,78425,78426,78428,78430,78432],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,78427,139],{"class":138},[47,78429,117],{"class":61},[47,78431,4300],{"class":113},[47,78433,132],{"class":61},[20,78435,372],{},[38,78437,78439],{"className":40,"code":78438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78440,78441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78442,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78444,669],{"class":61},[47,78446,917],{"class":349},[47,78448,75],{"class":61},[47,78450,2409],{"class":349},[47,78452,75],{"class":61},[47,78454,5249],{"class":349},[47,78456,75],{"class":61},[47,78458,54556],{"class":349},[47,78460,95],{"class":61},[20,78462,78463,78464,110],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[210,78465,67500],{"href":51398},[33,78467,2806],{"id":2805},[38,78469,78471],{"className":40,"code":78470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78472,78473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78474,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78494,78496,78498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78476,8985],{"class":53},[47,78478,110],{"class":61},[47,78480,35208],{"class":113},[47,78482,117],{"class":61},[47,78484,1099],{"class":9818},[47,78486,58],{"class":57},[47,78488,269],{"class":559},[47,78490,75],{"class":61},[47,78492,78493],{"class":9818}," reverse",[47,78495,58],{"class":57},[47,78497,4326],{"class":559},[47,78499,132],{"class":61},[20,78501,78502],{},"Main arguments:",[174,78504,78505,78510,78516],{},[177,78506,78507,78509],{},[15,78508,1099],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[177,78511,78512,78515],{},[15,78513,78514],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[177,78517,78518],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78520,603],{},[38,78522,78524],{"className":40,"code":78523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78525,78526,78550,78568,78572],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78529,4270],{"class":53},[47,78531,58],{"class":57},[47,78533,62],{"class":61},[47,78535,3156],{"class":349},[47,78537,75],{"class":61},[47,78539,2002],{"class":349},[47,78541,75],{"class":61},[47,78543,6637],{"class":349},[47,78545,75],{"class":61},[47,78547,2409],{"class":349},[47,78549,95],{"class":61},[47,78551,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78553,4300],{"class":53},[47,78555,110],{"class":61},[47,78557,35208],{"class":113},[47,78559,117],{"class":61},[47,78561,74000],{"class":9818},[47,78563,58],{"class":57},[47,78565,4255],{"class":559},[47,78567,132],{"class":61},[47,78569,78570],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78571,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,78573,78574,78576,78578,78580],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,78575,139],{"class":138},[47,78577,117],{"class":61},[47,78579,4300],{"class":113},[47,78581,132],{"class":61},[20,78583,372],{},[38,78585,78587],{"className":40,"code":78586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78588,78589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78590,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78592,669],{"class":61},[47,78594,2673],{"class":349},[47,78596,75],{"class":61},[47,78598,3108],{"class":349},[47,78600,75],{"class":61},[47,78602,2409],{"class":349},[47,78604,75],{"class":61},[47,78606,2002],{"class":349},[47,78608,95],{"class":61},[33,78610,78612],{"id":78611},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78614,156,78615,78617],{},[15,78616,64734],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[38,78619,78621],{"className":40,"code":78620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78622,78623,78647,78657,78661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78624,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78626,4270],{"class":53},[47,78628,58],{"class":57},[47,78630,62],{"class":61},[47,78632,2981],{"class":349},[47,78634,75],{"class":61},[47,78636,2414],{"class":349},[47,78638,75],{"class":61},[47,78640,7004],{"class":349},[47,78642,75],{"class":61},[47,78644,2002],{"class":349},[47,78646,95],{"class":61},[47,78648,78649,78651,78653,78655],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78650,4300],{"class":53},[47,78652,110],{"class":61},[47,78654,35208],{"class":113},[47,78656,9288],{"class":61},[47,78658,78659],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78660,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,78662,78663,78665,78667,78669],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,78664,139],{"class":138},[47,78666,117],{"class":61},[47,78668,4300],{"class":113},[47,78670,132],{"class":61},[20,78672,372],{},[38,78674,78676],{"className":40,"code":78675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78677,78678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78681,669],{"class":61},[47,78683,917],{"class":349},[47,78685,75],{"class":61},[47,78687,2414],{"class":349},[47,78689,75],{"class":61},[47,78691,7004],{"class":349},[47,78693,75],{"class":61},[47,78695,6648],{"class":349},[47,78697,95],{"class":61},[20,78699,156,78700,78702],{},[15,78701,78514],{}," for descending order:",[38,78704,78706],{"className":40,"code":78705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78707,78708,78732,78750,78754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78709,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78711,4270],{"class":53},[47,78713,58],{"class":57},[47,78715,62],{"class":61},[47,78717,2981],{"class":349},[47,78719,75],{"class":61},[47,78721,2414],{"class":349},[47,78723,75],{"class":61},[47,78725,7004],{"class":349},[47,78727,75],{"class":61},[47,78729,2002],{"class":349},[47,78731,95],{"class":61},[47,78733,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78735,4300],{"class":53},[47,78737,110],{"class":61},[47,78739,35208],{"class":113},[47,78741,117],{"class":61},[47,78743,74000],{"class":9818},[47,78745,58],{"class":57},[47,78747,4255],{"class":559},[47,78749,132],{"class":61},[47,78751,78752],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78753,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,78755,78756,78758,78760,78762],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,78757,139],{"class":138},[47,78759,117],{"class":61},[47,78761,4300],{"class":113},[47,78763,132],{"class":61},[20,78765,372],{},[38,78767,78769],{"className":40,"code":78768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78770,78771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78772,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78774,669],{"class":61},[47,78776,2981],{"class":349},[47,78778,75],{"class":61},[47,78780,7004],{"class":349},[47,78782,75],{"class":61},[47,78784,2414],{"class":349},[47,78786,75],{"class":61},[47,78788,2002],{"class":349},[47,78790,95],{"class":61},[20,78792,78793],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78795,78796,78797,110],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[210,78798,78800],{"href":78799},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[33,78802,78804],{"id":78803},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78806,78807],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[38,78809,78811],{"className":40,"code":78810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78812,78813,78845,78855,78859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78814,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78816,4711],{"class":53},[47,78818,58],{"class":57},[47,78820,62],{"class":61},[47,78822,66],{"class":65},[47,78824,4729],{"class":69},[47,78826,66],{"class":65},[47,78828,75],{"class":61},[47,78830,78],{"class":65},[47,78832,4720],{"class":69},[47,78834,66],{"class":65},[47,78836,75],{"class":61},[47,78838,78],{"class":65},[47,78840,4738],{"class":69},[47,78842,66],{"class":65},[47,78844,95],{"class":61},[47,78846,78847,78849,78851,78853],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78848,4755],{"class":53},[47,78850,110],{"class":61},[47,78852,35208],{"class":113},[47,78854,9288],{"class":61},[47,78856,78857],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78858,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,78860,78861,78863,78865,78867],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,78862,139],{"class":138},[47,78864,117],{"class":61},[47,78866,4755],{"class":113},[47,78868,132],{"class":61},[20,78870,372],{},[38,78872,78874],{"className":40,"code":78873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78875,78876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78877,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78879,669],{"class":61},[47,78881,385],{"class":65},[47,78883,4720],{"class":69},[47,78885,385],{"class":65},[47,78887,75],{"class":61},[47,78889,398],{"class":65},[47,78891,4729],{"class":69},[47,78893,385],{"class":65},[47,78895,75],{"class":61},[47,78897,398],{"class":65},[47,78899,4738],{"class":69},[47,78901,385],{"class":65},[47,78903,95],{"class":61},[20,78905,78906],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[38,78908,78910],{"className":40,"code":78909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78911,78912,78944,78954,78958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78913,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78915,4711],{"class":53},[47,78917,58],{"class":57},[47,78919,62],{"class":61},[47,78921,66],{"class":65},[47,78923,4729],{"class":69},[47,78925,66],{"class":65},[47,78927,75],{"class":61},[47,78929,78],{"class":65},[47,78931,58189],{"class":69},[47,78933,66],{"class":65},[47,78935,75],{"class":61},[47,78937,78],{"class":65},[47,78939,4738],{"class":69},[47,78941,66],{"class":65},[47,78943,95],{"class":61},[47,78945,78946,78948,78950,78952],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,78947,4755],{"class":53},[47,78949,110],{"class":61},[47,78951,35208],{"class":113},[47,78953,9288],{"class":61},[47,78955,78956],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,78957,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,78959,78960,78962,78964,78966],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,78961,139],{"class":138},[47,78963,117],{"class":61},[47,78965,4755],{"class":113},[47,78967,132],{"class":61},[20,78969,372],{},[38,78971,78973],{"className":40,"code":78972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78974,78975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78976,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78978,669],{"class":61},[47,78980,385],{"class":65},[47,78982,58189],{"class":69},[47,78984,385],{"class":65},[47,78986,75],{"class":61},[47,78988,398],{"class":65},[47,78990,4729],{"class":69},[47,78992,385],{"class":65},[47,78994,75],{"class":61},[47,78996,398],{"class":65},[47,78998,4738],{"class":69},[47,79000,385],{"class":65},[47,79002,95],{"class":61},[20,79004,79005,79006,172],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79007,79008],{},"key=str.lower",[38,79010,79012],{"className":40,"code":79011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79013,79014,79046,79068,79072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79015,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79017,4711],{"class":53},[47,79019,58],{"class":57},[47,79021,62],{"class":61},[47,79023,66],{"class":65},[47,79025,4729],{"class":69},[47,79027,66],{"class":65},[47,79029,75],{"class":61},[47,79031,78],{"class":65},[47,79033,58189],{"class":69},[47,79035,66],{"class":65},[47,79037,75],{"class":61},[47,79039,78],{"class":65},[47,79041,4738],{"class":69},[47,79043,66],{"class":65},[47,79045,95],{"class":61},[47,79047,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79049,4755],{"class":53},[47,79051,110],{"class":61},[47,79053,35208],{"class":113},[47,79055,117],{"class":61},[47,79057,1099],{"class":9818},[47,79059,58],{"class":57},[47,79061,4093],{"class":106},[47,79063,110],{"class":61},[47,79065,9285],{"class":25153},[47,79067,132],{"class":61},[47,79069,79070],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,79071,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79073,79074,79076,79078,79080],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,79075,139],{"class":138},[47,79077,117],{"class":61},[47,79079,4755],{"class":113},[47,79081,132],{"class":61},[20,79083,372],{},[38,79085,79086],{"className":40,"code":78972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,79087,79088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79089,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79091,669],{"class":61},[47,79093,385],{"class":65},[47,79095,58189],{"class":69},[47,79097,385],{"class":65},[47,79099,75],{"class":61},[47,79101,398],{"class":65},[47,79103,4729],{"class":69},[47,79105,385],{"class":65},[47,79107,75],{"class":61},[47,79109,398],{"class":65},[47,79111,4738],{"class":69},[47,79113,385],{"class":65},[47,79115,95],{"class":61},[20,79117,79118,79119,79122],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79120,79121],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[33,79124,37024,79126,37027],{"id":79125},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79127,1099],{},[20,79129,2628,79130,79132],{},[15,79131,1099],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79134,7988],{},[174,79136,79137,79142],{},[177,79138,79139,79141],{},[15,79140,11798],{}," to sort by length",[177,79143,79144,79146],{},[15,79145,79121],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79148,79149],{},"Sort words by length:",[38,79151,79153],{"className":40,"code":79152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79154,79155,79196,79214,79218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79156,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79158,4711],{"class":53},[47,79160,58],{"class":57},[47,79162,62],{"class":61},[47,79164,66],{"class":65},[47,79166,79167],{"class":69},"pear",[47,79169,66],{"class":65},[47,79171,75],{"class":61},[47,79173,78],{"class":65},[47,79175,4729],{"class":69},[47,79177,66],{"class":65},[47,79179,75],{"class":61},[47,79181,78],{"class":65},[47,79183,38771],{"class":69},[47,79185,66],{"class":65},[47,79187,75],{"class":61},[47,79189,78],{"class":65},[47,79191,4720],{"class":69},[47,79193,66],{"class":65},[47,79195,95],{"class":61},[47,79197,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79199,4755],{"class":53},[47,79201,110],{"class":61},[47,79203,35208],{"class":113},[47,79205,117],{"class":61},[47,79207,1099],{"class":9818},[47,79209,58],{"class":57},[47,79211,11798],{"class":138},[47,79213,132],{"class":61},[47,79215,79216],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,79217,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79219,79220,79222,79224,79226],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,79221,139],{"class":138},[47,79223,117],{"class":61},[47,79225,4755],{"class":113},[47,79227,132],{"class":61},[20,79229,372],{},[38,79231,79233],{"className":40,"code":79232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79234,79235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79236,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79238,669],{"class":61},[47,79240,385],{"class":65},[47,79242,38771],{"class":69},[47,79244,385],{"class":65},[47,79246,75],{"class":61},[47,79248,398],{"class":65},[47,79250,79167],{"class":69},[47,79252,385],{"class":65},[47,79254,75],{"class":61},[47,79256,398],{"class":65},[47,79258,4720],{"class":69},[47,79260,385],{"class":65},[47,79262,75],{"class":61},[47,79264,398],{"class":65},[47,79266,4729],{"class":69},[47,79268,385],{"class":65},[47,79270,95],{"class":61},[20,79272,79273],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[38,79275,79277],{"className":40,"code":79276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79278,79279,79312,79334,79338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79280,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305,79308,79310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79282,4711],{"class":53},[47,79284,58],{"class":57},[47,79286,62],{"class":61},[47,79288,66],{"class":65},[47,79290,5656],{"class":69},[47,79292,66],{"class":65},[47,79294,75],{"class":61},[47,79296,78],{"class":65},[47,79298,686],{"class":69},[47,79300,66],{"class":65},[47,79302,75],{"class":61},[47,79304,78],{"class":65},[47,79306,79307],{"class":69},"Carol",[47,79309,66],{"class":65},[47,79311,95],{"class":61},[47,79313,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79315,4755],{"class":53},[47,79317,110],{"class":61},[47,79319,35208],{"class":113},[47,79321,117],{"class":61},[47,79323,1099],{"class":9818},[47,79325,58],{"class":57},[47,79327,4093],{"class":106},[47,79329,110],{"class":61},[47,79331,9285],{"class":25153},[47,79333,132],{"class":61},[47,79335,79336],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,79337,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79339,79340,79342,79344,79346],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,79341,139],{"class":138},[47,79343,117],{"class":61},[47,79345,4755],{"class":113},[47,79347,132],{"class":61},[20,79349,372],{},[38,79351,79353],{"className":40,"code":79352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79354,79355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79356,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79358,669],{"class":61},[47,79360,385],{"class":65},[47,79362,686],{"class":69},[47,79364,385],{"class":65},[47,79366,75],{"class":61},[47,79368,398],{"class":65},[47,79370,5656],{"class":69},[47,79372,385],{"class":65},[47,79374,75],{"class":61},[47,79376,398],{"class":65},[47,79378,79307],{"class":69},[47,79380,385],{"class":65},[47,79382,95],{"class":61},[20,79384,2628,79385,79387],{},[15,79386,1099],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[33,79389,79391,11222,79393],{"id":79390},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79392,78290],{},[15,79394,74847],{},[20,79396,79397,5036,79399,79401],{},[15,79398,78290],{},[15,79400,74847],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79403,79404,172],{},[15,79405,78290],{},[174,79407,79408,79411],{},[177,79409,79410],{},"Changes the existing list",[177,79412,12057,79413],{},[15,79414,269],{},[20,79416,79417,172],{},[15,79418,74847],{},[174,79420,79421,79424],{},[177,79422,79423],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[177,79425,79426],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79428,603],{},[38,79430,79432],{"className":40,"code":79431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79433,79434,79454,79458,79472,79476,79486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79435,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79437,4270],{"class":53},[47,79439,58],{"class":57},[47,79441,62],{"class":61},[47,79443,2711],{"class":349},[47,79445,75],{"class":61},[47,79447,2002],{"class":349},[47,79449,75],{"class":61},[47,79451,2409],{"class":349},[47,79453,95],{"class":61},[47,79455,79456],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79457,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79459,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,79461,56310],{"class":53},[47,79463,58],{"class":57},[47,79465,74981],{"class":138},[47,79467,117],{"class":61},[47,79469,4300],{"class":113},[47,79471,132],{"class":61},[47,79473,79474],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,79475,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79477,79478,79480,79482,79484],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,79479,139],{"class":138},[47,79481,117],{"class":61},[47,79483,4300],{"class":113},[47,79485,132],{"class":61},[47,79487,79488,79490,79492,79494],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,79489,139],{"class":138},[47,79491,117],{"class":61},[47,79493,74704],{"class":113},[47,79495,132],{"class":61},[20,79497,372],{},[38,79499,79500],{"className":40,"code":75016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,79501,79502,79518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79503,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79505,669],{"class":61},[47,79507,2711],{"class":349},[47,79509,75],{"class":61},[47,79511,2002],{"class":349},[47,79513,75],{"class":61},[47,79515,2409],{"class":349},[47,79517,95],{"class":61},[47,79519,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79521,669],{"class":61},[47,79523,917],{"class":349},[47,79525,75],{"class":61},[47,79527,2409],{"class":349},[47,79529,75],{"class":61},[47,79531,2414],{"class":349},[47,79533,95],{"class":61},[20,79535,156,79536,79538],{},[15,79537,74847],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79540,79541,79542,5036,79546,110],{},"You can learn more in ",[210,79543,4226,79544,6428],{"href":74944},[15,79545,74847],{},[210,79547,79549],{"href":79548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[33,79551,1641],{"id":1640},[20,79553,79554,79555,110],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79556,78290],{},[244,79558,13223,79560],{"id":79559},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79561,64734],{},[20,79563,26094],{},[38,79565,79567],{"className":40,"code":79566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79568,79569,79589,79603,79607,79617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79570,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79572,4270],{"class":53},[47,79574,58],{"class":57},[47,79576,62],{"class":61},[47,79578,2711],{"class":349},[47,79580,75],{"class":61},[47,79582,2002],{"class":349},[47,79584,75],{"class":61},[47,79586,2409],{"class":349},[47,79588,95],{"class":61},[47,79590,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599,79601],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79592,2879],{"class":53},[47,79594,58],{"class":57},[47,79596,4905],{"class":53},[47,79598,110],{"class":61},[47,79600,35208],{"class":113},[47,79602,9288],{"class":61},[47,79604,79605],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,79606,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79608,79609,79611,79613,79615],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,79610,139],{"class":138},[47,79612,117],{"class":61},[47,79614,2914],{"class":113},[47,79616,132],{"class":61},[47,79618,79619,79621,79623,79625],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,79620,139],{"class":138},[47,79622,117],{"class":61},[47,79624,4300],{"class":113},[47,79626,132],{"class":61},[20,79628,372],{},[38,79630,79632],{"className":40,"code":79631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79633,79634,79638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79635,79636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79637,12438],{"class":559},[47,79639,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79641,669],{"class":61},[47,79643,917],{"class":349},[47,79645,75],{"class":61},[47,79647,2409],{"class":349},[47,79649,75],{"class":61},[47,79651,2414],{"class":349},[47,79653,95],{"class":61},[20,79655,79656,79658,79659,110],{},[15,79657,64734],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79660,269],{},[20,79662,79663,79664,7275],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79665,74847],{},[244,79667,79669],{"id":79668},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79671,79672],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[38,79674,79676],{"className":40,"code":79675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79677,79678,79703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79679,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79695,79697,79699,79701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79681,8425],{"class":53},[47,79683,58],{"class":57},[47,79685,62],{"class":61},[47,79687,917],{"class":349},[47,79689,75],{"class":61},[47,79691,78],{"class":65},[47,79693,79694],{"class":69},"two",[47,79696,66],{"class":65},[47,79698,75],{"class":61},[47,79700,2414],{"class":349},[47,79702,95],{"class":61},[47,79704,79705,79707,79709,79711],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79706,8456],{"class":53},[47,79708,110],{"class":61},[47,79710,35208],{"class":113},[47,79712,9288],{"class":61},[20,79714,3652,79715,79717],{},[15,79716,3655],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[244,79719,5348,79721,79723],{"id":79720},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79722,64734],{}," only works on lists",[20,79725,79726,79728],{},[15,79727,64734],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79730,17253],{},[38,79732,79734],{"className":40,"code":79733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79735,79736,79748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79737,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79739,35096],{"class":53},[47,79741,58],{"class":57},[47,79743,78],{"class":65},[47,79745,42],{"class":69},[47,79747,689],{"class":65},[47,79749,79750,79752,79754,79756],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79751,35117],{"class":53},[47,79753,110],{"class":61},[47,79755,35208],{"class":113},[47,79757,9288],{"class":61},[20,79759,79760,79761,34008],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79762,64734],{},[20,79764,79765],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[38,79767,79769],{"className":40,"code":79768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79770,79771,79789,79799,79803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79772,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79774,36501],{"class":53},[47,79776,58],{"class":57},[47,79778,22962],{"class":106},[47,79780,117],{"class":61},[47,79782,66],{"class":65},[47,79784,42],{"class":69},[47,79786,66],{"class":65},[47,79788,132],{"class":61},[47,79790,79791,79793,79795,79797],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79792,36554],{"class":53},[47,79794,110],{"class":61},[47,79796,35208],{"class":113},[47,79798,9288],{"class":61},[47,79800,79801],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,79802,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79804,79805,79807,79809,79811],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,79806,139],{"class":138},[47,79808,117],{"class":61},[47,79810,36554],{"class":113},[47,79812,132],{"class":61},[20,79814,372],{},[38,79816,79818],{"className":40,"code":79817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79819,79820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79821,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862,79864,79866,79868,79870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79823,669],{"class":61},[47,79825,385],{"class":65},[47,79827,60860],{"class":69},[47,79829,385],{"class":65},[47,79831,75],{"class":61},[47,79833,398],{"class":65},[47,79835,76453],{"class":69},[47,79837,385],{"class":65},[47,79839,75],{"class":61},[47,79841,398],{"class":65},[47,79843,60895],{"class":69},[47,79845,385],{"class":65},[47,79847,75],{"class":61},[47,79849,398],{"class":65},[47,79851,20],{"class":69},[47,79853,385],{"class":65},[47,79855,75],{"class":61},[47,79857,398],{"class":65},[47,79859,63709],{"class":69},[47,79861,385],{"class":65},[47,79863,75],{"class":61},[47,79865,398],{"class":65},[47,79867,2161],{"class":69},[47,79869,385],{"class":65},[47,79871,95],{"class":61},[244,79873,79875,79876,79878],{"id":79874},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79877,1099],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79880,79881,79882,110],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79883,1099],{},[20,79885,79886,79887,79889],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79888,64734],{}," will not do that:",[38,79891,79893],{"className":40,"code":79892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79894,79895,79927,79945,79949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79896,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923,79925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79898,4711],{"class":53},[47,79900,58],{"class":57},[47,79902,62],{"class":61},[47,79904,66],{"class":65},[47,79906,4729],{"class":69},[47,79908,66],{"class":65},[47,79910,75],{"class":61},[47,79912,78],{"class":65},[47,79914,38771],{"class":69},[47,79916,66],{"class":65},[47,79918,75],{"class":61},[47,79920,78],{"class":65},[47,79922,4720],{"class":69},[47,79924,66],{"class":65},[47,79926,95],{"class":61},[47,79928,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,79930,4755],{"class":53},[47,79932,110],{"class":61},[47,79934,35208],{"class":113},[47,79936,117],{"class":61},[47,79938,1099],{"class":9818},[47,79940,58],{"class":57},[47,79942,11798],{"class":138},[47,79944,132],{"class":61},[47,79946,79947],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,79948,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,79950,79951,79953,79955,79957],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,79952,139],{"class":138},[47,79954,117],{"class":61},[47,79956,4755],{"class":113},[47,79958,132],{"class":61},[244,79960,79962],{"id":79961},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79964,79965],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[38,79967,79969],{"className":40,"code":79968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79970,79971,80005,80015,80019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79972,79973,79975,79977,79979,79981,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994,79996,79998,80001,80003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79974,4711],{"class":53},[47,79976,58],{"class":57},[47,79978,62],{"class":61},[47,79980,66],{"class":65},[47,79982,79983],{"class":69},"zebra",[47,79985,66],{"class":65},[47,79987,75],{"class":61},[47,79989,78],{"class":65},[47,79991,58189],{"class":69},[47,79993,66],{"class":65},[47,79995,75],{"class":61},[47,79997,78],{"class":65},[47,79999,80000],{"class":69},"monkey",[47,80002,66],{"class":65},[47,80004,95],{"class":61},[47,80006,80007,80009,80011,80013],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,80008,4755],{"class":53},[47,80010,110],{"class":61},[47,80012,35208],{"class":113},[47,80014,9288],{"class":61},[47,80016,80017],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,80018,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,80020,80021,80023,80025,80027],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,80022,139],{"class":138},[47,80024,117],{"class":61},[47,80026,4755],{"class":113},[47,80028,132],{"class":61},[20,80030,372],{},[38,80032,80034],{"className":40,"code":80033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80035,80036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80037,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80039,669],{"class":61},[47,80041,385],{"class":65},[47,80043,58189],{"class":69},[47,80045,385],{"class":65},[47,80047,75],{"class":61},[47,80049,398],{"class":65},[47,80051,80000],{"class":69},[47,80053,385],{"class":65},[47,80055,75],{"class":61},[47,80057,398],{"class":65},[47,80059,79983],{"class":69},[47,80061,385],{"class":65},[47,80063,95],{"class":61},[20,80065,156,80066,80068],{},[15,80067,79008],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[244,80070,61132],{"id":61131},[20,80072,80073],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,80075,80077],{"className":40,"code":80076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80078,80079,80089,80103,80117,80131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80080,80081,80083,80085,80087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80082,139],{"class":138},[47,80084,117],{"class":61},[47,80086,8985],{"class":113},[47,80088,132],{"class":61},[47,80090,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,80092,139],{"class":138},[47,80094,117],{"class":61},[47,80096,2392],{"class":106},[47,80098,117],{"class":61},[47,80100,8985],{"class":113},[47,80102,2266],{"class":61},[47,80104,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,80106,139],{"class":138},[47,80108,117],{"class":61},[47,80110,8985],{"class":113},[47,80112,110],{"class":61},[47,80114,35208],{"class":113},[47,80116,7839],{"class":61},[47,80118,80119,80121,80123,80125,80127,80129],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,80120,139],{"class":138},[47,80122,117],{"class":61},[47,80124,74937],{"class":138},[47,80126,117],{"class":61},[47,80128,8985],{"class":113},[47,80130,2266],{"class":61},[47,80132,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,80134,139],{"class":138},[47,80136,1258],{"class":61},[47,80138,2392],{"class":106},[47,80140,117],{"class":61},[47,80142,23713],{"class":113},[47,80144,4313],{"class":61},[47,80146,1108],{"class":1107},[47,80148,6604],{"class":113},[47,80150,1114],{"class":1107},[47,80152,9042],{"class":113},[47,80154,2166],{"class":61},[20,80156,11807],{},[174,80158,80159,80162,80165,80172,80178],{},[177,80160,80161],{},"What values are in the list",[177,80163,80164],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[177,80166,80167,80168,3048,80170],{},"That ",[15,80169,64734],{},[15,80171,269],{},[177,80173,80174,80175,80177],{},"Whether ",[15,80176,74847],{}," works better for your case",[177,80179,80180],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80182,80183,80184,80186],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80185,3655],{}," problems.",[33,80188,2429],{"id":2428},[244,80190,2433,80192,55889],{"id":80191},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80193,78290],{},[20,80195,63025,80196,110],{},[15,80197,269],{},[244,80199,5823,80201,5036,80203,3143],{"id":80200},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80202,64734],{},[15,80204,74847],{},[20,80206,80207,80209,80210,80212],{},[15,80208,64734],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80211,74847],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[244,80214,80216],{"id":80215},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80218,1613],{},[38,80220,80222],{"className":40,"code":80221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80223,80224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80225,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236,80238,80240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80227,8985],{"class":53},[47,80229,110],{"class":61},[47,80231,35208],{"class":113},[47,80233,117],{"class":61},[47,80235,74000],{"class":9818},[47,80237,58],{"class":57},[47,80239,4255],{"class":559},[47,80241,132],{"class":61},[244,80243,80245],{"id":80244},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80247,1613],{},[38,80249,80251],{"className":40,"code":80250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80252,80253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80254,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80256,8985],{"class":53},[47,80258,110],{"class":61},[47,80260,35208],{"class":113},[47,80262,117],{"class":61},[47,80264,1099],{"class":9818},[47,80266,58],{"class":57},[47,80268,4093],{"class":106},[47,80270,110],{"class":61},[47,80272,9285],{"class":25153},[47,80274,132],{"class":61},[20,80276,80277],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[244,80279,80281,80282,80284],{"id":80280},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80283,3655],{}," when sorting?",[20,80286,80287],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[33,80289,2526],{"id":2525},[174,80291,80292,80297,80303,80307],{},[177,80293,80294],{},[210,80295,80296],{"href":78799},"How to sort a list in Python",[177,80298,80299],{},[210,80300,4226,80301,6428],{"href":74944},[15,80302,74847],{},[177,80304,80305],{},[210,80306,67500],{"href":51398},[177,80308,80309],{},[210,80310,79549],{"href":79548},[2563,80312,80313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":80315},[80316,80317,80319,80320,80321,80322,80324,80326,80337,80347],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":78356,"depth":98,"text":80318},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":78611,"depth":98,"text":78612},{"id":78803,"depth":98,"text":78804},{"id":79125,"depth":98,"text":80323},"Using the key argument",{"id":79390,"depth":98,"text":80325},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":80327},[80328,80330,80331,80333,80335,80336],{"id":79559,"depth":135,"text":80329},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79668,"depth":135,"text":79669},{"id":79720,"depth":135,"text":80332},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79874,"depth":135,"text":80334},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79961,"depth":135,"text":79962},{"id":61131,"depth":135,"text":61132},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":80338},[80339,80341,80343,80344,80345],{"id":80191,"depth":135,"text":80340},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80200,"depth":135,"text":80342},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80215,"depth":135,"text":80216},{"id":80244,"depth":135,"text":80245},{"id":80280,"depth":135,"text":80346},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78278,"description":80348},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80355,"title":80356,"body":80357,"description":82988,"extension":2611,"meta":82989,"navigation":357,"path":82990,"seo":82991,"stem":82992,"__hash__":82993},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80358,"toc":82947},[80359,80364,80369,80372,80383,80386,80406,80408,80470,80472,80513,80522,80527,80532,80538,80549,80551,80570,80573,80578,80583,80585,80590,80604,80606,80624,80627,80644,80647,80653,80676,80681,80683,80686,80747,80749,80782,80784,80823,80831,80841,80847,80852,80945,80947,80971,80973,80991,80994,81025,81031,81036,81039,81041,81166,81168,81192,81194,81213,81219,81225,81344,81346,81363,81370,81376,81381,81388,81394,81396,81453,81456,81477,81480,81483,81544,81546,81579,81583,81653,81655,81672,81676,81679,81754,81756,81793,81796,81799,81870,81872,81933,81938,81943,81946,81960,81962,82035,82037,82057,82060,82063,82120,82182,82185,82217,82220,82235,82240,82242,82248,82251,82307,82310,82312,82331,82335,82337,82381,82390,82392,82452,82456,82459,82461,82554,82556,82671,82675,82677,82751,82754,82757,82759,82764,82829,82831,82855,82865,82867,82873,82882,82891,82900,82906,82909,82913,82916,82918,82944],[10,80360,4226,80362,4230],{"id":80361},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80363,40130],{},[20,80365,4233,80366,80368],{},[15,80367,40130],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80370,80371],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[174,80373,80374,80377,80380],{},[177,80375,80376],{},"converting numbers to strings",[177,80378,80379],{},"changing strings to integers",[177,80381,80382],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80384,80385],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[174,80387,80388,80395,80401],{},[177,80389,80390,14668,80392,80394],{},[15,80391,40130],{},[278,80393,1369],{}," return a list in Python 3",[177,80396,80397,80398],{},"it returns a ",[278,80399,80400],{},"map object",[177,80402,80403,80404],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80405,25184],{},[33,80407,36],{"id":35},[38,80409,80411],{"className":40,"code":80410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80412,80413,80437,80456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80414,80415,80417,80419,80421,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80416,4270],{"class":53},[47,80418,58],{"class":57},[47,80420,62],{"class":61},[47,80422,917],{"class":349},[47,80424,75],{"class":61},[47,80426,2409],{"class":349},[47,80428,75],{"class":61},[47,80430,2414],{"class":349},[47,80432,75],{"class":61},[47,80434,3108],{"class":349},[47,80436,95],{"class":61},[47,80438,80439,80441,80443,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,80440,2879],{"class":53},[47,80442,58],{"class":57},[47,80444,80445],{"class":138}," map",[47,80447,117],{"class":61},[47,80449,4093],{"class":106},[47,80451,75],{"class":61},[47,80453,4905],{"class":113},[47,80455,132],{"class":61},[47,80457,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466,80468],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,80459,139],{"class":138},[47,80461,117],{"class":61},[47,80463,1892],{"class":106},[47,80465,117],{"class":61},[47,80467,2914],{"class":113},[47,80469,2266],{"class":61},[20,80471,372],{},[38,80473,80475],{"className":40,"code":80474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80476,80477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80478,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80480,669],{"class":61},[47,80482,385],{"class":65},[47,80484,917],{"class":69},[47,80486,385],{"class":65},[47,80488,75],{"class":61},[47,80490,398],{"class":65},[47,80492,2705],{"class":69},[47,80494,385],{"class":65},[47,80496,75],{"class":61},[47,80498,398],{"class":65},[47,80500,2711],{"class":69},[47,80502,385],{"class":65},[47,80504,75],{"class":61},[47,80506,398],{"class":65},[47,80508,3156],{"class":69},[47,80510,385],{"class":65},[47,80512,95],{"class":61},[20,80514,156,80515,80518,80519,80521],{},[15,80516,80517],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80520,25184],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[33,80523,164,80525,167],{"id":80524},"what-map-does",[15,80526,40130],{},[20,80528,80529,80531],{},[15,80530,40130],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80533,80534,80535,80537],{},"An ",[278,80536,235],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[174,80539,80540,80542,80544,80546],{},[177,80541,38314],{},[177,80543,38317],{},[177,80545,38320],{},[177,80547,80548],{},"a range object",[20,80550,31131],{},[38,80552,80554],{"className":40,"code":80553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80555,80556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80557,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80559,40273],{"class":138},[47,80561,117],{"class":61},[47,80563,38273],{"class":113},[47,80565,75],{"class":61},[47,80567,38278],{"class":113},[47,80569,132],{"class":61},[20,80571,80572],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80574,80575,80576,34149],{},"Important: the result is a ",[278,80577,80400],{},[20,80579,80580,80581,110],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[210,80582,5779],{"href":5778},[33,80584,2806],{"id":2805},[20,80586,80587,80589],{},[15,80588,40130],{}," needs at least two parts:",[174,80591,80592,80598],{},[177,80593,80594,80597],{},[278,80595,80596],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[177,80599,80600,80603],{},[278,80601,80602],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80605,4357],{},[38,80607,80608],{"className":40,"code":80553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80609,80610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80611,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80613,40273],{"class":138},[47,80615,117],{"class":61},[47,80617,38273],{"class":113},[47,80619,75],{"class":61},[47,80621,38278],{"class":113},[47,80623,132],{"class":61},[20,80625,80626],{},"You can pass:",[174,80628,80629,80638,80641],{},[177,80630,80631,80632,2838,80634,2842,80636],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80633,4093],{},[15,80635,2837],{},[15,80637,2665],{},[177,80639,80640],{},"your own custom function",[177,80642,80643],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80645,80646],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80648,80649,80650,80652],{},"You will often see ",[15,80651,40130],{}," used like this:",[38,80654,80656],{"className":40,"code":80655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80657,80658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80659,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80661,1892],{"class":106},[47,80663,117],{"class":61},[47,80665,40273],{"class":138},[47,80667,117],{"class":61},[47,80669,38273],{"class":113},[47,80671,75],{"class":61},[47,80673,4529],{"class":113},[47,80675,2266],{"class":61},[20,80677,7321,80678,80680],{},[15,80679,25184],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[33,80682,12109],{"id":12108},[20,80684,80685],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[38,80687,80689],{"className":40,"code":80688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80690,80691,80711,80729,80733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80692,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80694,4270],{"class":53},[47,80696,58],{"class":57},[47,80698,62],{"class":61},[47,80700,2981],{"class":349},[47,80702,75],{"class":61},[47,80704,8436],{"class":349},[47,80706,75],{"class":61},[47,80708,8441],{"class":349},[47,80710,95],{"class":61},[47,80712,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,80714,2879],{"class":53},[47,80716,58],{"class":57},[47,80718,80445],{"class":138},[47,80720,117],{"class":61},[47,80722,4093],{"class":106},[47,80724,75],{"class":61},[47,80726,4905],{"class":113},[47,80728,132],{"class":61},[47,80730,80731],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,80732,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,80734,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,80736,139],{"class":138},[47,80738,117],{"class":61},[47,80740,1892],{"class":106},[47,80742,117],{"class":61},[47,80744,2914],{"class":113},[47,80746,2266],{"class":61},[20,80748,372],{},[38,80750,80752],{"className":40,"code":80751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80753,80754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80755,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80757,669],{"class":61},[47,80759,385],{"class":65},[47,80761,2981],{"class":69},[47,80763,385],{"class":65},[47,80765,75],{"class":61},[47,80767,398],{"class":65},[47,80769,16364],{"class":69},[47,80771,385],{"class":65},[47,80773,75],{"class":61},[47,80775,398],{"class":65},[47,80777,37253],{"class":69},[47,80779,385],{"class":65},[47,80781,95],{"class":61},[20,80783,424],{},[174,80785,80786,80791,80799,80807,80815],{},[177,80787,80788,80790],{},[15,80789,4300],{}," contains integers",[177,80792,80793,80796,80797],{},[15,80794,80795],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80798,48101],{},[177,80800,80801,42570,80804],{},[15,80802,80803],{},"str(10)",[15,80805,80806],{},"'10'",[177,80808,80809,42570,80812],{},[15,80810,80811],{},"str(20)",[15,80813,80814],{},"'20'",[177,80816,80817,42570,80820],{},[15,80818,80819],{},"str(30)",[15,80821,80822],{},"'30'",[20,80824,54073,80825,80827,80828,80830],{},[15,80826,40130],{}," applies ",[15,80829,48101],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80832,80833,80834,80836,80837,110],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80835,25184],{}," better, see ",[210,80838,4226,80839,4159],{"href":65270},[15,80840,25184],{},[33,80842,453,80844,80846],{"id":80843},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80845,40130],{}," with your own function",[20,80848,16324,80849,80851],{},[15,80850,40130],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[38,80853,80855],{"className":40,"code":80854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80856,80857,80870,80880,80884,80908,80927,80931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80858,80859,80861,80864,80866,80868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80860,35260],{"class":2714},[47,80862,80863],{"class":35263}," double",[47,80865,117],{"class":61},[47,80867,1995],{"class":38075},[47,80869,8988],{"class":61},[47,80871,80872,80874,80876,80878],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,80873,35271],{"class":1107},[47,80875,4524],{"class":53},[47,80877,40286],{"class":57},[47,80879,46006],{"class":349},[47,80881,80882],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,80883,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,80885,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,80887,4270],{"class":53},[47,80889,58],{"class":57},[47,80891,62],{"class":61},[47,80893,917],{"class":349},[47,80895,75],{"class":61},[47,80897,2409],{"class":349},[47,80899,75],{"class":61},[47,80901,2414],{"class":349},[47,80903,75],{"class":61},[47,80905,3108],{"class":349},[47,80907,95],{"class":61},[47,80909,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80921,80923,80925],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,80911,2879],{"class":53},[47,80913,58],{"class":57},[47,80915,80445],{"class":138},[47,80917,117],{"class":61},[47,80919,80920],{"class":113},"double",[47,80922,75],{"class":61},[47,80924,4905],{"class":113},[47,80926,132],{"class":61},[47,80928,80929],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,80930,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,80932,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,80934,139],{"class":138},[47,80936,117],{"class":61},[47,80938,1892],{"class":106},[47,80940,117],{"class":61},[47,80942,2914],{"class":113},[47,80944,2266],{"class":61},[20,80946,372],{},[38,80948,80949],{"className":40,"code":40299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80950,80951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80952,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80954,669],{"class":61},[47,80956,2705],{"class":349},[47,80958,75],{"class":61},[47,80960,3108],{"class":349},[47,80962,75],{"class":61},[47,80964,38056],{"class":349},[47,80966,75],{"class":61},[47,80968,7004],{"class":349},[47,80970,95],{"class":61},[20,80972,66007],{},[174,80974,80975,80982,80988],{},[177,80976,80977,80979,80980],{},[15,80978,40130],{}," takes the function ",[15,80981,80920],{},[177,80983,80984,80985,80987],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80986,4300],{}," into that function",[177,80989,80990],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80992,80993],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[174,80995,80996,81003,81010,81018],{},[177,80997,80998,6716,81001],{},[15,80999,81000],{},"double(1)",[15,81002,2705],{},[177,81004,81005,6716,81008],{},[15,81006,81007],{},"double(2)",[15,81009,3156],{},[177,81011,81012,6716,81015],{},[15,81013,81014],{},"double(3)",[15,81016,81017],{},"6",[177,81019,81020,6716,81023],{},[15,81021,81022],{},"double(4)",[15,81024,2996],{},[33,81026,453,81028,81030],{"id":81027},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,81029,40130],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,81032,81033,81035],{},[15,81034,40130],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,81037,81038],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,81040,603],{},[38,81042,81044],{"className":40,"code":81043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81045,81046,81063,81073,81077,81098,81119,81123,81148,81152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81047,81048,81050,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81049,35260],{"class":2714},[47,81051,81052],{"class":35263}," add_numbers",[47,81054,117],{"class":61},[47,81056,210],{"class":38075},[47,81058,75],{"class":61},[47,81060,3211],{"class":38075},[47,81062,8988],{"class":61},[47,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81066,35271],{"class":1107},[47,81068,44961],{"class":53},[47,81070,2708],{"class":57},[47,81072,36593],{"class":53},[47,81074,81075],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81076,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81078,81079,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,81080,81081],{"class":53},"list1 ",[47,81083,58],{"class":57},[47,81085,62],{"class":61},[47,81087,917],{"class":349},[47,81089,75],{"class":61},[47,81091,2409],{"class":349},[47,81093,75],{"class":61},[47,81095,2414],{"class":349},[47,81097,95],{"class":61},[47,81099,81100,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,81101,81102],{"class":53},"list2 ",[47,81104,58],{"class":57},[47,81106,62],{"class":61},[47,81108,2981],{"class":349},[47,81110,75],{"class":61},[47,81112,8436],{"class":349},[47,81114,75],{"class":61},[47,81116,8441],{"class":349},[47,81118,95],{"class":61},[47,81120,81121],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,81122,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81124,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81136,81138,81141,81143,81146],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,81126,2879],{"class":53},[47,81128,58],{"class":57},[47,81130,80445],{"class":138},[47,81132,117],{"class":61},[47,81134,81135],{"class":113},"add_numbers",[47,81137,75],{"class":61},[47,81139,81140],{"class":113}," list1",[47,81142,75],{"class":61},[47,81144,81145],{"class":113}," list2",[47,81147,132],{"class":61},[47,81149,81150],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,81151,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81153,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,81155,139],{"class":138},[47,81157,117],{"class":61},[47,81159,1892],{"class":106},[47,81161,117],{"class":61},[47,81163,2914],{"class":113},[47,81165,2266],{"class":61},[20,81167,372],{},[38,81169,81171],{"className":40,"code":81170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81172,81173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81174,81175,81177,81180,81182,81185,81187,81190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81176,669],{"class":61},[47,81178,81179],{"class":349},"11",[47,81181,75],{"class":61},[47,81183,81184],{"class":349}," 22",[47,81186,75],{"class":61},[47,81188,81189],{"class":349}," 33",[47,81191,95],{"class":61},[20,81193,2827],{},[174,81195,81196,81202,81208],{},[177,81197,81198,81199],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81200,81201],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[177,81203,81204,81205],{},"then ",[15,81206,81207],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[177,81209,81204,81210],{},[15,81211,81212],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[244,81214,81216,81218],{"id":81215},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81217,40130],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81220,81221,81222,81224],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81223,40130],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[38,81226,81228],{"className":40,"code":81227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81229,81230,81246,81256,81260,81284,81300,81304,81326,81330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81231,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81233,35260],{"class":2714},[47,81235,81052],{"class":35263},[47,81237,117],{"class":61},[47,81239,210],{"class":38075},[47,81241,75],{"class":61},[47,81243,3211],{"class":38075},[47,81245,8988],{"class":61},[47,81247,81248,81250,81252,81254],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81249,35271],{"class":1107},[47,81251,44961],{"class":53},[47,81253,2708],{"class":57},[47,81255,36593],{"class":53},[47,81257,81258],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81259,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81261,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,81263,81081],{"class":53},[47,81265,58],{"class":57},[47,81267,62],{"class":61},[47,81269,917],{"class":349},[47,81271,75],{"class":61},[47,81273,2409],{"class":349},[47,81275,75],{"class":61},[47,81277,2414],{"class":349},[47,81279,75],{"class":61},[47,81281,3108],{"class":349},[47,81283,95],{"class":61},[47,81285,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,81287,81102],{"class":53},[47,81289,58],{"class":57},[47,81291,62],{"class":61},[47,81293,2981],{"class":349},[47,81295,75],{"class":61},[47,81297,8436],{"class":349},[47,81299,95],{"class":61},[47,81301,81302],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,81303,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81305,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,81307,2879],{"class":53},[47,81309,58],{"class":57},[47,81311,80445],{"class":138},[47,81313,117],{"class":61},[47,81315,81135],{"class":113},[47,81317,75],{"class":61},[47,81319,81140],{"class":113},[47,81321,75],{"class":61},[47,81323,81145],{"class":113},[47,81325,132],{"class":61},[47,81327,81328],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,81329,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81331,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,81333,139],{"class":138},[47,81335,117],{"class":61},[47,81337,1892],{"class":106},[47,81339,117],{"class":61},[47,81341,2914],{"class":113},[47,81343,2266],{"class":61},[20,81345,372],{},[38,81347,81349],{"className":40,"code":81348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81350,81351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81352,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81354,669],{"class":61},[47,81356,81179],{"class":349},[47,81358,75],{"class":61},[47,81360,81184],{"class":349},[47,81362,95],{"class":61},[20,81364,81365,81366,81369],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81367,81368],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[33,81371,81373,81375],{"id":81372},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81374,40130],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81377,38436,81378,81380],{},[15,81379,40130],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81382,81383,81384,81387],{},"This object is ",[278,81385,81386],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[244,81389,3139,81391,81393],{"id":81390},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81392,33434],{}," looks strange",[20,81395,34050],{},[38,81397,81399],{"className":40,"code":81398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81400,81401,81421,81439,81443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81402,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81404,4270],{"class":53},[47,81406,58],{"class":57},[47,81408,62],{"class":61},[47,81410,917],{"class":349},[47,81412,75],{"class":61},[47,81414,2409],{"class":349},[47,81416,75],{"class":61},[47,81418,2414],{"class":349},[47,81420,95],{"class":61},[47,81422,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81424,2879],{"class":53},[47,81426,58],{"class":57},[47,81428,80445],{"class":138},[47,81430,117],{"class":61},[47,81432,4093],{"class":106},[47,81434,75],{"class":61},[47,81436,4905],{"class":113},[47,81438,132],{"class":61},[47,81440,81441],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81442,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81444,81445,81447,81449,81451],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,81446,139],{"class":138},[47,81448,117],{"class":61},[47,81450,2914],{"class":113},[47,81452,132],{"class":61},[20,81454,81455],{},"Output will look something like this:",[38,81457,81459],{"className":40,"code":81458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81460,81461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81462,81463,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81464,3941],{"class":57},[47,81466,40273],{"class":138},[47,81468,25020],{"class":106},[47,81470,37776],{"class":53},[47,81472,37780],{"class":37779},[47,81474,37783],{"class":34861},[47,81476,3953],{"class":57},[20,81478,81479],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81481,81482],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[38,81484,81486],{"className":40,"code":81485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81487,81488,81508,81526,81530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81489,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81491,4270],{"class":53},[47,81493,58],{"class":57},[47,81495,62],{"class":61},[47,81497,917],{"class":349},[47,81499,75],{"class":61},[47,81501,2409],{"class":349},[47,81503,75],{"class":61},[47,81505,2414],{"class":349},[47,81507,95],{"class":61},[47,81509,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522,81524],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81511,2879],{"class":53},[47,81513,58],{"class":57},[47,81515,80445],{"class":138},[47,81517,117],{"class":61},[47,81519,4093],{"class":106},[47,81521,75],{"class":61},[47,81523,4905],{"class":113},[47,81525,132],{"class":61},[47,81527,81528],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81529,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81531,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,81533,139],{"class":138},[47,81535,117],{"class":61},[47,81537,1892],{"class":106},[47,81539,117],{"class":61},[47,81541,2914],{"class":113},[47,81543,2266],{"class":61},[20,81545,372],{},[38,81547,81549],{"className":40,"code":81548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81550,81551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81552,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81554,669],{"class":61},[47,81556,385],{"class":65},[47,81558,917],{"class":69},[47,81560,385],{"class":65},[47,81562,75],{"class":61},[47,81564,398],{"class":65},[47,81566,2705],{"class":69},[47,81568,385],{"class":65},[47,81570,75],{"class":61},[47,81572,398],{"class":65},[47,81574,2711],{"class":69},[47,81576,385],{"class":65},[47,81578,95],{"class":61},[244,81580,81582],{"id":81581},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[38,81584,81586],{"className":40,"code":81585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81587,81588,81608,81626,81630,81643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81589,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81591,4270],{"class":53},[47,81593,58],{"class":57},[47,81595,62],{"class":61},[47,81597,917],{"class":349},[47,81599,75],{"class":61},[47,81601,2409],{"class":349},[47,81603,75],{"class":61},[47,81605,2414],{"class":349},[47,81607,95],{"class":61},[47,81609,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81611,2879],{"class":53},[47,81613,58],{"class":57},[47,81615,80445],{"class":138},[47,81617,117],{"class":61},[47,81619,4093],{"class":106},[47,81621,75],{"class":61},[47,81623,4905],{"class":113},[47,81625,132],{"class":61},[47,81627,81628],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81629,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81631,81632,81634,81636,81638,81641],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,81633,6601],{"class":1107},[47,81635,6604],{"class":53},[47,81637,1114],{"class":1107},[47,81639,81640],{"class":53}," result",[47,81642,7038],{"class":61},[47,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,81646,8715],{"class":138},[47,81648,117],{"class":61},[47,81650,23713],{"class":113},[47,81652,132],{"class":61},[20,81654,372],{},[38,81656,81658],{"className":40,"code":81657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81659,81660,81664,81668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81661,81662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81663,47334],{"class":349},[47,81665,81666],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81667,17665],{"class":349},[47,81669,81670],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81671,47034],{"class":349},[244,81673,81675],{"id":81674},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81677,81678],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[38,81680,81682],{"className":40,"code":81681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81683,81684,81704,81722,81726,81740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81685,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81687,4270],{"class":53},[47,81689,58],{"class":57},[47,81691,62],{"class":61},[47,81693,917],{"class":349},[47,81695,75],{"class":61},[47,81697,2409],{"class":349},[47,81699,75],{"class":61},[47,81701,2414],{"class":349},[47,81703,95],{"class":61},[47,81705,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81707,2879],{"class":53},[47,81709,58],{"class":57},[47,81711,80445],{"class":138},[47,81713,117],{"class":61},[47,81715,4093],{"class":106},[47,81717,75],{"class":61},[47,81719,4905],{"class":113},[47,81721,132],{"class":61},[47,81723,81724],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81725,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81727,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,81729,139],{"class":138},[47,81731,117],{"class":61},[47,81733,1892],{"class":106},[47,81735,117],{"class":61},[47,81737,2914],{"class":113},[47,81739,2266],{"class":61},[47,81741,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,81743,139],{"class":138},[47,81745,117],{"class":61},[47,81747,1892],{"class":106},[47,81749,117],{"class":61},[47,81751,2914],{"class":113},[47,81753,2266],{"class":61},[20,81755,372],{},[38,81757,81759],{"className":40,"code":81758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81760,81761,81789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81762,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81764,669],{"class":61},[47,81766,385],{"class":65},[47,81768,917],{"class":69},[47,81770,385],{"class":65},[47,81772,75],{"class":61},[47,81774,398],{"class":65},[47,81776,2705],{"class":69},[47,81778,385],{"class":65},[47,81780,75],{"class":61},[47,81782,398],{"class":65},[47,81784,2711],{"class":69},[47,81786,385],{"class":65},[47,81788,95],{"class":61},[47,81790,81791],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81792,38710],{"class":61},[20,81794,81795],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81797,81798],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[38,81800,81802],{"className":40,"code":81801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81803,81804,81824,81846,81850,81860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81805,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81807,4270],{"class":53},[47,81809,58],{"class":57},[47,81811,62],{"class":61},[47,81813,917],{"class":349},[47,81815,75],{"class":61},[47,81817,2409],{"class":349},[47,81819,75],{"class":61},[47,81821,2414],{"class":349},[47,81823,95],{"class":61},[47,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81827,2879],{"class":53},[47,81829,58],{"class":57},[47,81831,22962],{"class":106},[47,81833,117],{"class":61},[47,81835,40273],{"class":138},[47,81837,117],{"class":61},[47,81839,4093],{"class":106},[47,81841,75],{"class":61},[47,81843,4905],{"class":113},[47,81845,2266],{"class":61},[47,81847,81848],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,81849,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,81851,81852,81854,81856,81858],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,81853,139],{"class":138},[47,81855,117],{"class":61},[47,81857,2914],{"class":113},[47,81859,132],{"class":61},[47,81861,81862,81864,81866,81868],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,81863,139],{"class":138},[47,81865,117],{"class":61},[47,81867,2914],{"class":113},[47,81869,132],{"class":61},[20,81871,372],{},[38,81873,81875],{"className":40,"code":81874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81876,81877,81905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81878,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81880,669],{"class":61},[47,81882,385],{"class":65},[47,81884,917],{"class":69},[47,81886,385],{"class":65},[47,81888,75],{"class":61},[47,81890,398],{"class":65},[47,81892,2705],{"class":69},[47,81894,385],{"class":65},[47,81896,75],{"class":61},[47,81898,398],{"class":65},[47,81900,2711],{"class":69},[47,81902,385],{"class":65},[47,81904,95],{"class":61},[47,81906,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,81908,669],{"class":61},[47,81910,385],{"class":65},[47,81912,917],{"class":69},[47,81914,385],{"class":65},[47,81916,75],{"class":61},[47,81918,398],{"class":65},[47,81920,2705],{"class":69},[47,81922,385],{"class":65},[47,81924,75],{"class":61},[47,81926,398],{"class":65},[47,81928,2711],{"class":69},[47,81930,385],{"class":65},[47,81932,95],{"class":61},[33,81934,1216,81936],{"id":81935},"when-to-use-map",[15,81937,40130],{},[20,81939,81940,81942],{},[15,81941,40130],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81944,81945],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[174,81947,81948,81952,81956],{},[177,81949,81950],{},[15,81951,4093],{},[177,81953,81954],{},[15,81955,2837],{},[177,81957,81958],{},[15,81959,2665],{},[20,81961,603],{},[38,81963,81965],{"className":40,"code":81964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81966,81967,81999,82021,82025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81968,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81970,4470],{"class":53},[47,81972,58],{"class":57},[47,81974,62],{"class":61},[47,81976,385],{"class":65},[47,81978,917],{"class":69},[47,81980,385],{"class":65},[47,81982,75],{"class":61},[47,81984,398],{"class":65},[47,81986,2705],{"class":69},[47,81988,385],{"class":65},[47,81990,75],{"class":61},[47,81992,398],{"class":65},[47,81994,2711],{"class":69},[47,81996,385],{"class":65},[47,81998,95],{"class":61},[47,82000,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82002,4270],{"class":53},[47,82004,58],{"class":57},[47,82006,22962],{"class":106},[47,82008,117],{"class":61},[47,82010,40273],{"class":138},[47,82012,117],{"class":61},[47,82014,2837],{"class":106},[47,82016,75],{"class":61},[47,82018,4529],{"class":113},[47,82020,2266],{"class":61},[47,82022,82023],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82024,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82026,82027,82029,82031,82033],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,82028,139],{"class":138},[47,82030,117],{"class":61},[47,82032,4300],{"class":113},[47,82034,132],{"class":61},[20,82036,372],{},[38,82038,82039],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82040,82041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82042,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053,82055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82044,669],{"class":61},[47,82046,917],{"class":349},[47,82048,75],{"class":61},[47,82050,2409],{"class":349},[47,82052,75],{"class":61},[47,82054,2414],{"class":349},[47,82056,95],{"class":61},[20,82058,82059],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,82061,82062],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[38,82064,82066],{"className":40,"code":82065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,82067,82068,82088,82110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82069,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82071,4270],{"class":53},[47,82073,58],{"class":57},[47,82075,62],{"class":61},[47,82077,917],{"class":349},[47,82079,75],{"class":61},[47,82081,2409],{"class":349},[47,82083,75],{"class":61},[47,82085,2414],{"class":349},[47,82087,95],{"class":61},[47,82089,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82091,2879],{"class":53},[47,82093,58],{"class":57},[47,82095,22962],{"class":106},[47,82097,117],{"class":61},[47,82099,40273],{"class":138},[47,82101,117],{"class":61},[47,82103,4093],{"class":106},[47,82105,75],{"class":61},[47,82107,4905],{"class":113},[47,82109,2266],{"class":61},[47,82111,82112,82114,82116,82118],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82113,139],{"class":138},[47,82115,117],{"class":61},[47,82117,2914],{"class":113},[47,82119,132],{"class":61},[38,82121,82123],{"className":40,"code":82122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82124,82125,82145,82172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82126,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82128,4270],{"class":53},[47,82130,58],{"class":57},[47,82132,62],{"class":61},[47,82134,917],{"class":349},[47,82136,75],{"class":61},[47,82138,2409],{"class":349},[47,82140,75],{"class":61},[47,82142,2414],{"class":349},[47,82144,95],{"class":61},[47,82146,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82166,82168,82170],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82148,2879],{"class":53},[47,82150,58],{"class":57},[47,82152,62],{"class":61},[47,82154,4093],{"class":106},[47,82156,117],{"class":61},[47,82158,76453],{"class":113},[47,82160,4313],{"class":61},[47,82162,1108],{"class":1107},[47,82164,82165],{"class":53}," n ",[47,82167,1114],{"class":1107},[47,82169,4905],{"class":53},[47,82171,95],{"class":61},[47,82173,82174,82176,82178,82180],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82175,139],{"class":138},[47,82177,117],{"class":61},[47,82179,2914],{"class":113},[47,82181,132],{"class":61},[20,82183,82184],{},"Both produce:",[38,82186,82187],{"className":40,"code":81548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82188,82189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82190,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82192,669],{"class":61},[47,82194,385],{"class":65},[47,82196,917],{"class":69},[47,82198,385],{"class":65},[47,82200,75],{"class":61},[47,82202,398],{"class":65},[47,82204,2705],{"class":69},[47,82206,385],{"class":65},[47,82208,75],{"class":61},[47,82210,398],{"class":65},[47,82212,2711],{"class":69},[47,82214,385],{"class":65},[47,82216,95],{"class":61},[20,82218,82219],{},"A simple rule:",[174,82221,82222,82227,82232],{},[177,82223,40404,82224,82226],{},[15,82225,40130],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[177,82228,40410,82229,82231],{},[15,82230,6601],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[177,82233,82234],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82236,82237,82238,110],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[210,82239,5035],{"href":5034},[33,82241,5162],{"id":5161},[244,82243,82245,82246],{"id":82244},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82247,25184],{},[20,82249,82250],{},"This is very common:",[38,82252,82253],{"className":40,"code":81398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82254,82255,82275,82293,82297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82256,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82258,4270],{"class":53},[47,82260,58],{"class":57},[47,82262,62],{"class":61},[47,82264,917],{"class":349},[47,82266,75],{"class":61},[47,82268,2409],{"class":349},[47,82270,75],{"class":61},[47,82272,2414],{"class":349},[47,82274,95],{"class":61},[47,82276,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82278,2879],{"class":53},[47,82280,58],{"class":57},[47,82282,80445],{"class":138},[47,82284,117],{"class":61},[47,82286,4093],{"class":106},[47,82288,75],{"class":61},[47,82290,4905],{"class":113},[47,82292,132],{"class":61},[47,82294,82295],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82296,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82298,82299,82301,82303,82305],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,82300,139],{"class":138},[47,82302,117],{"class":61},[47,82304,2914],{"class":113},[47,82306,132],{"class":61},[20,82308,82309],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82311,39675],{},[38,82313,82315],{"className":40,"code":82314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82316,82317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82318,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82320,139],{"class":138},[47,82322,117],{"class":61},[47,82324,1892],{"class":106},[47,82326,117],{"class":61},[47,82328,2914],{"class":113},[47,82330,2266],{"class":61},[244,82332,82334],{"id":82333},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82336,17253],{},[38,82338,82340],{"className":40,"code":82339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82341,82342,82362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82343,82344,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356,82358,82360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82345,4270],{"class":53},[47,82347,58],{"class":57},[47,82349,62],{"class":61},[47,82351,917],{"class":349},[47,82353,75],{"class":61},[47,82355,2409],{"class":349},[47,82357,75],{"class":61},[47,82359,2414],{"class":349},[47,82361,95],{"class":61},[47,82363,82364,82366,82368,82370,82372,82374,82377,82379],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82365,2879],{"class":53},[47,82367,58],{"class":57},[47,82369,80445],{"class":138},[47,82371,117],{"class":61},[47,82373,4093],{"class":106},[47,82375,82376],{"class":61},"(),",[47,82378,4905],{"class":113},[47,82380,132],{"class":61},[20,82382,82383,82384,82386,82387,82389],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82385,48101],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82388,40130],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82391,17265],{},[38,82393,82394],{"className":40,"code":81485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82395,82396,82416,82434,82438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82397,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82399,4270],{"class":53},[47,82401,58],{"class":57},[47,82403,62],{"class":61},[47,82405,917],{"class":349},[47,82407,75],{"class":61},[47,82409,2409],{"class":349},[47,82411,75],{"class":61},[47,82413,2414],{"class":349},[47,82415,95],{"class":61},[47,82417,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430,82432],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82419,2879],{"class":53},[47,82421,58],{"class":57},[47,82423,80445],{"class":138},[47,82425,117],{"class":61},[47,82427,4093],{"class":106},[47,82429,75],{"class":61},[47,82431,4905],{"class":113},[47,82433,132],{"class":61},[47,82435,82436],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82437,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82439,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,82441,139],{"class":138},[47,82443,117],{"class":61},[47,82445,1892],{"class":106},[47,82447,117],{"class":61},[47,82449,2914],{"class":113},[47,82451,2266],{"class":61},[244,82453,82455],{"id":82454},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82457,82458],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82460,17253],{},[38,82462,82464],{"className":40,"code":82463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82465,82466,82483,82493,82497,82517,82536,82540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82467,82468,82470,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82469,35260],{"class":2714},[47,82471,82472],{"class":35263}," add",[47,82474,117],{"class":61},[47,82476,210],{"class":38075},[47,82478,75],{"class":61},[47,82480,3211],{"class":38075},[47,82482,8988],{"class":61},[47,82484,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82486,35271],{"class":1107},[47,82488,44961],{"class":53},[47,82490,2708],{"class":57},[47,82492,36593],{"class":53},[47,82494,82495],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82496,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82498,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,82500,4270],{"class":53},[47,82502,58],{"class":57},[47,82504,62],{"class":61},[47,82506,917],{"class":349},[47,82508,75],{"class":61},[47,82510,2409],{"class":349},[47,82512,75],{"class":61},[47,82514,2414],{"class":349},[47,82516,95],{"class":61},[47,82518,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527,82530,82532,82534],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,82520,2879],{"class":53},[47,82522,58],{"class":57},[47,82524,80445],{"class":138},[47,82526,117],{"class":61},[47,82528,82529],{"class":113},"add",[47,82531,75],{"class":61},[47,82533,4905],{"class":113},[47,82535,132],{"class":61},[47,82537,82538],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,82539,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82541,82542,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,82543,139],{"class":138},[47,82545,117],{"class":61},[47,82547,1892],{"class":106},[47,82549,117],{"class":61},[47,82551,2914],{"class":113},[47,82553,2266],{"class":61},[20,82555,17265],{},[38,82557,82559],{"className":40,"code":82558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82560,82561,82577,82587,82591,82611,82631,82653,82657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82562,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82564,35260],{"class":2714},[47,82566,82472],{"class":35263},[47,82568,117],{"class":61},[47,82570,210],{"class":38075},[47,82572,75],{"class":61},[47,82574,3211],{"class":38075},[47,82576,8988],{"class":61},[47,82578,82579,82581,82583,82585],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82580,35271],{"class":1107},[47,82582,44961],{"class":53},[47,82584,2708],{"class":57},[47,82586,36593],{"class":53},[47,82588,82589],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82590,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82592,82593,82595,82597,82599,82601,82603,82605,82607,82609],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,82594,81081],{"class":53},[47,82596,58],{"class":57},[47,82598,62],{"class":61},[47,82600,917],{"class":349},[47,82602,75],{"class":61},[47,82604,2409],{"class":349},[47,82606,75],{"class":61},[47,82608,2414],{"class":349},[47,82610,95],{"class":61},[47,82612,82613,82615,82617,82619,82621,82623,82625,82627,82629],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,82614,81102],{"class":53},[47,82616,58],{"class":57},[47,82618,62],{"class":61},[47,82620,2981],{"class":349},[47,82622,75],{"class":61},[47,82624,8436],{"class":349},[47,82626,75],{"class":61},[47,82628,8441],{"class":349},[47,82630,95],{"class":61},[47,82632,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649,82651],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,82634,2879],{"class":53},[47,82636,58],{"class":57},[47,82638,80445],{"class":138},[47,82640,117],{"class":61},[47,82642,82529],{"class":113},[47,82644,75],{"class":61},[47,82646,81140],{"class":113},[47,82648,75],{"class":61},[47,82650,81145],{"class":113},[47,82652,132],{"class":61},[47,82654,82655],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,82656,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82658,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,82660,139],{"class":138},[47,82662,117],{"class":61},[47,82664,1892],{"class":106},[47,82666,117],{"class":61},[47,82668,2914],{"class":113},[47,82670,2266],{"class":61},[244,82672,82674],{"id":82673},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82676,17253],{},[38,82678,82679],{"className":40,"code":81681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82680,82681,82701,82719,82723,82737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82682,82683,82685,82687,82689,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82684,4270],{"class":53},[47,82686,58],{"class":57},[47,82688,62],{"class":61},[47,82690,917],{"class":349},[47,82692,75],{"class":61},[47,82694,2409],{"class":349},[47,82696,75],{"class":61},[47,82698,2414],{"class":349},[47,82700,95],{"class":61},[47,82702,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713,82715,82717],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82704,2879],{"class":53},[47,82706,58],{"class":57},[47,82708,80445],{"class":138},[47,82710,117],{"class":61},[47,82712,4093],{"class":106},[47,82714,75],{"class":61},[47,82716,4905],{"class":113},[47,82718,132],{"class":61},[47,82720,82721],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82722,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,82724,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,82726,139],{"class":138},[47,82728,117],{"class":61},[47,82730,1892],{"class":106},[47,82732,117],{"class":61},[47,82734,2914],{"class":113},[47,82736,2266],{"class":61},[47,82738,82739,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,82740,139],{"class":138},[47,82742,117],{"class":61},[47,82744,1892],{"class":106},[47,82746,117],{"class":61},[47,82748,2914],{"class":113},[47,82750,2266],{"class":61},[20,82752,82753],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82755,82756],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[33,82758,68318],{"id":68317},[20,82760,9520,82761,82763],{},[15,82762,40130],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,82765,82767],{"className":40,"code":82766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82768,82769,82779,82793,82807,82819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82770,82771,82773,82775,82777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82772,139],{"class":138},[47,82774,117],{"class":61},[47,82776,2914],{"class":113},[47,82778,132],{"class":61},[47,82780,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,82782,139],{"class":138},[47,82784,117],{"class":61},[47,82786,1892],{"class":106},[47,82788,117],{"class":61},[47,82790,2914],{"class":113},[47,82792,2266],{"class":61},[47,82794,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,82796,139],{"class":138},[47,82798,117],{"class":61},[47,82800,2392],{"class":106},[47,82802,117],{"class":61},[47,82804,2914],{"class":113},[47,82806,2266],{"class":61},[47,82808,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,82810,6601],{"class":1107},[47,82812,6604],{"class":53},[47,82814,1114],{"class":1107},[47,82816,81640],{"class":53},[47,82818,7038],{"class":61},[47,82820,82821,82823,82825,82827],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,82822,8715],{"class":138},[47,82824,117],{"class":61},[47,82826,23713],{"class":113},[47,82828,132],{"class":61},[20,82830,13301],{},[174,82832,82833,82838,82843,82849],{},[177,82834,82835,82837],{},[15,82836,33434],{}," shows that you have a map object",[177,82839,82840,82842],{},[15,82841,33442],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[177,82844,82845,82848],{},[15,82846,82847],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[177,82850,82851,82852,82854],{},"looping over ",[15,82853,2914],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82856,82857,82858,82861,82862,82864],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82859,82860],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82863,6601],{}," loop consume the map object.",[33,82866,2429],{"id":2428},[244,82868,2433,82870,82872],{"id":82869},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82871,40130],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82874,82875,82876,82878,82879,24341],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82877,40130],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82880,82881],{},"list(map(...))",[244,82883,15516,82885,82887,82888,82890],{"id":82884},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82886,40130],{}," better than a ",[15,82889,6601],{}," loop?",[20,82892,82893,82894,82896,82897,82899],{},"Not always. ",[15,82895,40130],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82898,6601],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[244,82901,5813,82903,82905],{"id":82902},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82904,40130],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82907,82908],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[244,82910,82912],{"id":82911},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82914,82915],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[33,82917,2526],{"id":2525},[174,82919,82920,82926,82932,82936,82940],{},[177,82921,82922],{},[210,82923,4226,82924,4159],{"href":40499},[15,82925,37988],{},[177,82927,82928],{},[210,82929,4226,82930,4159],{"href":65270},[15,82931,25184],{},[177,82933,82934],{},[210,82935,5865],{"href":5774},[177,82937,82938],{},[210,82939,5870],{"href":5034},[177,82941,82942],{},[210,82943,5860],{"href":5778},[2563,82945,82946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":82948},[82949,82950,82952,82953,82954,82956,82961,82968,82970,82977,82978,82987],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":80524,"depth":98,"text":82951},"What map() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":80843,"depth":98,"text":82955},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81027,"depth":98,"text":82957,"children":82958},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82959],{"id":81215,"depth":135,"text":82960},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81372,"depth":98,"text":82962,"children":82963},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82964,82966,82967],{"id":81390,"depth":135,"text":82965},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81581,"depth":135,"text":81582},{"id":81674,"depth":135,"text":81675},{"id":81935,"depth":98,"text":82969},"When to use map()",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":82971},[82972,82974,82975,82976],{"id":82244,"depth":135,"text":82973},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82333,"depth":135,"text":82334},{"id":82454,"depth":135,"text":82455},{"id":82673,"depth":135,"text":82674},{"id":68317,"depth":98,"text":68318},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":82979},[82980,82982,82984,82986],{"id":82869,"depth":135,"text":82981},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82884,"depth":135,"text":82983},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82902,"depth":135,"text":82985},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82911,"depth":135,"text":82912},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80356,"description":82988},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82995,"title":82996,"body":82997,"description":85017,"extension":2611,"meta":85018,"navigation":357,"path":85019,"seo":85020,"stem":85021,"__hash__":85022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82998,"toc":84975},[82999,83005,83010,83013,83021,83024,83026,83150,83152,83170,83172,83192,83197,83201,83215,83218,83221,83223,83228,83340,83343,83361,83367,83370,83432,83434,83443,83446,83460,83462,83510,83512,83521,83531,83537,83540,83567,83569,83577,83580,83583,83653,83655,83663,83666,83671,83676,83727,83729,83737,83740,83742,83759,83761,83813,83816,83822,83826,83831,83834,83838,83897,83899,83908,83914,83923,83927,83990,83992,84000,84005,84009,84014,84094,84096,84105,84112,84117,84122,84125,84160,84162,84170,84173,84179,84181,84231,84233,84242,84245,84263,84265,84270,84276,84283,84310,84312,84335,84340,84375,84380,84386,84391,84434,84437,84440,84479,84486,84492,84497,84512,84516,84523,84526,84530,84535,84539,84544,84546,84607,84609,84638,84643,84650,84659,84661,84664,84689,84691,84794,84797,84815,84824,84826,84831,84834,84840,84843,84845,84855,84861,84865,84923,84930,84938,84940,84972],[10,83000,4226,83002,4230],{"id":83001},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83003,83004],{},"max()",[20,83006,9768,83007,83009],{},[15,83008,83004],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83011,83012],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[174,83014,83015,83018],{},[177,83016,83017],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[177,83019,83020],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83022,83023],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[33,83025,36],{"id":35},[38,83027,83029],{"className":40,"code":83028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83030,83031,83055,83070,83074,83100,83104,83136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83032,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83034,4270],{"class":53},[47,83036,58],{"class":57},[47,83038,62],{"class":61},[47,83040,2711],{"class":349},[47,83042,75],{"class":61},[47,83044,7004],{"class":349},[47,83046,75],{"class":61},[47,83048,2409],{"class":349},[47,83050,75],{"class":61},[47,83052,5249],{"class":349},[47,83054,95],{"class":61},[47,83056,83057,83059,83061,83064,83066,83068],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83058,139],{"class":138},[47,83060,117],{"class":61},[47,83062,83063],{"class":138},"max",[47,83065,117],{"class":61},[47,83067,4300],{"class":113},[47,83069,2266],{"class":61},[47,83071,83072],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,83073,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,83075,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,83077,139],{"class":138},[47,83079,117],{"class":61},[47,83081,83063],{"class":138},[47,83083,117],{"class":61},[47,83085,2711],{"class":349},[47,83087,75],{"class":61},[47,83089,7004],{"class":349},[47,83091,75],{"class":61},[47,83093,2409],{"class":349},[47,83095,75],{"class":61},[47,83097,5249],{"class":349},[47,83099,2266],{"class":61},[47,83101,83102],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,83103,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,83105,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,83107,4711],{"class":53},[47,83109,58],{"class":57},[47,83111,62],{"class":61},[47,83113,66],{"class":65},[47,83115,4720],{"class":69},[47,83117,66],{"class":65},[47,83119,75],{"class":61},[47,83121,78],{"class":65},[47,83123,4729],{"class":69},[47,83125,66],{"class":65},[47,83127,75],{"class":61},[47,83129,78],{"class":65},[47,83131,79167],{"class":69},[47,83133,66],{"class":65},[47,83135,95],{"class":61},[47,83137,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,83139,139],{"class":138},[47,83141,117],{"class":61},[47,83143,83063],{"class":138},[47,83145,117],{"class":61},[47,83147,4755],{"class":113},[47,83149,2266],{"class":61},[20,83151,372],{},[38,83153,83155],{"className":40,"code":83154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83156,83157,83161,83165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83158,83159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83160,3032],{"class":349},[47,83162,83163],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83164,3032],{"class":349},[47,83166,83167],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,83168,83169],{"class":53},"pear\n",[20,83171,20358],{},[174,83173,83174,83180,83186],{},[177,83175,83176,83179],{},[15,83177,83178],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[177,83181,83182,83185],{},[15,83183,83184],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[177,83187,83188,83191],{},[15,83189,83190],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[33,83193,164,83195,167],{"id":83194},"what-max-does",[15,83196,83004],{},[20,83198,83199,172],{},[15,83200,83004],{},[174,83202,83203,83206,83209,83212],{},[177,83204,83205],{},"Returns the largest item",[177,83207,83208],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[177,83210,83211],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[177,83213,83214],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83216,83217],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83219,83220],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[33,83222,2806],{"id":2805},[20,83224,83225,83226,172],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83227,83004],{},[38,83229,83231],{"className":40,"code":83230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83232,83233,83243,83267,83289,83312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83234,83235,83237,83239,83241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83236,83063],{"class":138},[47,83238,117],{"class":61},[47,83240,235],{"class":113},[47,83242,132],{"class":61},[47,83244,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83256,83258,83260,83262,83265],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83246,83063],{"class":138},[47,83248,117],{"class":61},[47,83250,235],{"class":113},[47,83252,75],{"class":61},[47,83254,83255],{"class":57}," *",[47,83257,75],{"class":61},[47,83259,21981],{"class":9818},[47,83261,58],{"class":57},[47,83263,83264],{"class":113},"func",[47,83266,132],{"class":61},[47,83268,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,83270,83063],{"class":138},[47,83272,117],{"class":61},[47,83274,235],{"class":113},[47,83276,75],{"class":61},[47,83278,83255],{"class":57},[47,83280,75],{"class":61},[47,83282,26927],{"class":9818},[47,83284,58],{"class":57},[47,83286,259],{"class":113},[47,83288,132],{"class":61},[47,83290,83291,83293,83295,83298,83300,83303,83305,83307,83310],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,83292,83063],{"class":138},[47,83294,117],{"class":61},[47,83296,83297],{"class":113},"arg1",[47,83299,75],{"class":61},[47,83301,83302],{"class":113}," arg2",[47,83304,75],{"class":61},[47,83306,83255],{"class":57},[47,83308,83309],{"class":113},"args",[47,83311,132],{"class":61},[47,83313,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,83315,83063],{"class":138},[47,83317,117],{"class":61},[47,83319,83297],{"class":113},[47,83321,75],{"class":61},[47,83323,83302],{"class":113},[47,83325,75],{"class":61},[47,83327,83255],{"class":57},[47,83329,83309],{"class":113},[47,83331,75],{"class":61},[47,83333,21981],{"class":9818},[47,83335,58],{"class":57},[47,83337,83264],{"class":113},[47,83339,132],{"class":61},[20,83341,83342],{},"The most important parts are:",[174,83344,83345,83350,83355],{},[177,83346,83347,83349],{},[15,83348,235],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[177,83351,83352,83354],{},[15,83353,1099],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[177,83356,83357,83360],{},[15,83358,83359],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[33,83362,453,83364,83366],{"id":83363},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83365,83004],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83368,83369],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[38,83371,83373],{"className":40,"code":83372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83374,83375,83401,83417,83421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83376,83377,83379,83381,83383,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396,83399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83378,1311],{"class":53},[47,83380,58],{"class":57},[47,83382,62],{"class":61},[47,83384,83385],{"class":349},"72",[47,83387,75],{"class":61},[47,83389,51929],{"class":349},[47,83391,75],{"class":61},[47,83393,14127],{"class":349},[47,83395,75],{"class":61},[47,83397,83398],{"class":349}," 66",[47,83400,95],{"class":61},[47,83402,83403,83406,83408,83411,83413,83415],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83404,83405],{"class":53},"highest_score ",[47,83407,58],{"class":57},[47,83409,83410],{"class":138}," max",[47,83412,117],{"class":61},[47,83414,1361],{"class":113},[47,83416,132],{"class":61},[47,83418,83419],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,83420,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,83422,83423,83425,83427,83430],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,83424,139],{"class":138},[47,83426,117],{"class":61},[47,83428,83429],{"class":113},"highest_score",[47,83431,132],{"class":61},[20,83433,372],{},[38,83435,83437],{"className":40,"code":83436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"91\n",[15,83438,83439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83440,83441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83442,83436],{"class":349},[20,83444,83445],{},"This works well for:",[174,83447,83448,83451,83454,83457],{},[177,83449,83450],{},"Scores",[177,83452,83453],{},"Prices",[177,83455,83456],{},"Ages",[177,83458,83459],{},"Counts",[20,83461,52499],{},[38,83463,83465],{"className":40,"code":83464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83466,83467,83495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83468,83469,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480,83483,83485,83488,83490,83493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83470,83471],{"class":53},"prices ",[47,83473,58],{"class":57},[47,83475,62],{"class":61},[47,83477,40812],{"class":349},[47,83479,75],{"class":61},[47,83481,83482],{"class":349}," 5.50",[47,83484,75],{"class":61},[47,83486,83487],{"class":349}," 12.75",[47,83489,75],{"class":61},[47,83491,83492],{"class":349}," 29.00",[47,83494,95],{"class":61},[47,83496,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83508],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83498,139],{"class":138},[47,83500,117],{"class":61},[47,83502,83063],{"class":138},[47,83504,117],{"class":61},[47,83506,83507],{"class":113},"prices",[47,83509,2266],{"class":61},[20,83511,372],{},[38,83513,83515],{"className":40,"code":83514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"29.0\n",[15,83516,83517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83518,83519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83520,83514],{"class":349},[20,83522,83523,83524,83526,83527,110],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83525,83004],{}," is simpler than ",[210,83528,83529],{"href":74944},[15,83530,74847],{},[33,83532,453,83534,83536],{"id":83533},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83535,83004],{}," with separate values",[20,83538,83539],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[38,83541,83543],{"className":40,"code":83542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83544,83545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83546,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83548,139],{"class":138},[47,83550,117],{"class":61},[47,83552,83063],{"class":138},[47,83554,117],{"class":61},[47,83556,3156],{"class":349},[47,83558,75],{"class":61},[47,83560,31349],{"class":349},[47,83562,75],{"class":61},[47,83564,6637],{"class":349},[47,83566,2266],{"class":61},[20,83568,372],{},[38,83570,83571],{"className":40,"code":2874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83572,83573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83574,83575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83576,2874],{"class":349},[20,83578,83579],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83581,83582],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[38,83584,83586],{"className":40,"code":83585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83587,83588,83597,83605,83615,83619,83642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83589,83590,83592,83594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83591,3206],{"class":53},[47,83593,58],{"class":57},[47,83595,83596],{"class":349}," 15\n",[47,83598,83599,83601,83603],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83600,3234],{"class":53},[47,83602,58],{"class":57},[47,83604,3421],{"class":349},[47,83606,83607,83610,83612],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,83608,83609],{"class":53},"c ",[47,83611,58],{"class":57},[47,83613,83614],{"class":349}," 27\n",[47,83616,83617],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,83618,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,83620,83621,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,83622,83623],{"class":53},"largest ",[47,83625,58],{"class":57},[47,83627,83410],{"class":138},[47,83629,117],{"class":61},[47,83631,210],{"class":113},[47,83633,75],{"class":61},[47,83635,3211],{"class":113},[47,83637,75],{"class":61},[47,83639,10320],{"class":113},[47,83641,132],{"class":61},[47,83643,83644,83646,83648,83651],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,83645,139],{"class":138},[47,83647,117],{"class":61},[47,83649,83650],{"class":113},"largest",[47,83652,132],{"class":61},[20,83654,372],{},[38,83656,83657],{"className":40,"code":47029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83658,83659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83660,83661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83662,47029],{"class":349},[20,83664,83665],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[33,83667,453,83669,47476],{"id":83668},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83670,83004],{},[20,83672,83673,83675],{},[15,83674,83004],{}," can compare strings too.",[38,83677,83679],{"className":40,"code":83678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83680,83681,83713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83682,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83684,4711],{"class":53},[47,83686,58],{"class":57},[47,83688,62],{"class":61},[47,83690,66],{"class":65},[47,83692,4720],{"class":69},[47,83694,66],{"class":65},[47,83696,75],{"class":61},[47,83698,78],{"class":65},[47,83700,4729],{"class":69},[47,83702,66],{"class":65},[47,83704,75],{"class":61},[47,83706,78],{"class":65},[47,83708,79167],{"class":69},[47,83710,66],{"class":65},[47,83712,95],{"class":61},[47,83714,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83725],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83716,139],{"class":138},[47,83718,117],{"class":61},[47,83720,83063],{"class":138},[47,83722,117],{"class":61},[47,83724,4755],{"class":113},[47,83726,2266],{"class":61},[20,83728,372],{},[38,83730,83731],{"className":40,"code":83169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83732,83733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83734,83735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83736,83169],{"class":53},[20,83738,83739],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83741,68706],{},[174,83743,83744,83753,83756],{},[177,83745,83746,83749,83750,83752],{},[15,83747,83748],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83751,65697],{}," alphabetically",[177,83754,83755],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[177,83757,83758],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83760,603],{},[38,83762,83764],{"className":40,"code":83763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83765,83766,83799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83767,83768,83770,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780,83782,83784,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83769,4711],{"class":53},[47,83771,58],{"class":57},[47,83773,62],{"class":61},[47,83775,66],{"class":65},[47,83777,4720],{"class":69},[47,83779,66],{"class":65},[47,83781,75],{"class":61},[47,83783,78],{"class":65},[47,83785,83786],{"class":69},"Banana",[47,83788,66],{"class":65},[47,83790,75],{"class":61},[47,83792,78],{"class":65},[47,83794,79167],{"class":69},[47,83796,66],{"class":65},[47,83798,95],{"class":61},[47,83800,83801,83803,83805,83807,83809,83811],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83802,139],{"class":138},[47,83804,117],{"class":61},[47,83806,83063],{"class":138},[47,83808,117],{"class":61},[47,83810,4755],{"class":113},[47,83812,2266],{"class":61},[20,83814,83815],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83817,83818,83819,83821],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83820,1099],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[33,83823,37024,83824,37027],{"id":79125},[15,83825,1099],{},[20,83827,2628,83828,83830],{},[15,83829,1099],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83832,83833],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[244,83835,83837],{"id":83836},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[38,83839,83841],{"className":40,"code":83840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83842,83843,83875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83844,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83846,4711],{"class":53},[47,83848,58],{"class":57},[47,83850,62],{"class":61},[47,83852,66],{"class":65},[47,83854,37459],{"class":69},[47,83856,66],{"class":65},[47,83858,75],{"class":61},[47,83860,78],{"class":65},[47,83862,68749],{"class":69},[47,83864,66],{"class":65},[47,83866,75],{"class":61},[47,83868,78],{"class":65},[47,83870,58548],{"class":69},[47,83872,66],{"class":65},[47,83874,95],{"class":61},[47,83876,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83878,139],{"class":138},[47,83880,117],{"class":61},[47,83882,83063],{"class":138},[47,83884,117],{"class":61},[47,83886,4755],{"class":113},[47,83888,75],{"class":61},[47,83890,21981],{"class":9818},[47,83892,58],{"class":57},[47,83894,11798],{"class":138},[47,83896,2266],{"class":61},[20,83898,372],{},[38,83900,83902],{"className":40,"code":83901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"elephant\n",[15,83903,83904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83905,83906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83907,83901],{"class":53},[20,83909,21172,83910,83913],{},[15,83911,83912],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83915,83916,83917,34036,83919,110],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83918,42776],{},[210,83920,83921,6428],{"href":42773},[15,83922,42776],{},[244,83924,83926],{"id":83925},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[38,83928,83930],{"className":40,"code":83929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83931,83932,83964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83933,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958,83960,83962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83935,4711],{"class":53},[47,83937,58],{"class":57},[47,83939,62],{"class":61},[47,83941,66],{"class":65},[47,83943,4720],{"class":69},[47,83945,66],{"class":65},[47,83947,75],{"class":61},[47,83949,78],{"class":65},[47,83951,83786],{"class":69},[47,83953,66],{"class":65},[47,83955,75],{"class":61},[47,83957,78],{"class":65},[47,83959,79167],{"class":69},[47,83961,66],{"class":65},[47,83963,95],{"class":61},[47,83965,83966,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976,83978,83980,83982,83984,83986,83988],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,83967,139],{"class":138},[47,83969,117],{"class":61},[47,83971,83063],{"class":138},[47,83973,117],{"class":61},[47,83975,4755],{"class":113},[47,83977,75],{"class":61},[47,83979,21981],{"class":9818},[47,83981,58],{"class":57},[47,83983,4093],{"class":106},[47,83985,110],{"class":61},[47,83987,9285],{"class":25153},[47,83989,2266],{"class":61},[20,83991,372],{},[38,83993,83994],{"className":40,"code":83169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83995,83996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83997,83998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83999,83169],{"class":53},[20,84001,21172,84002,84004],{},[15,84003,79121],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[244,84006,84008],{"id":84007},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84010,84011,84012,172],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84013,38072],{},[38,84015,84017],{"className":40,"code":84016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84018,84019,84062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84020,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84035,84037,84040,84042,84044,84046,84049,84051,84053,84055,84058,84060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84022,8425],{"class":53},[47,84024,58],{"class":57},[47,84026,62],{"class":61},[47,84028,66],{"class":65},[47,84030,210],{"class":69},[47,84032,66],{"class":65},[47,84034,75],{"class":61},[47,84036,78],{"class":65},[47,84038,84039],{"class":69},"bb",[47,84041,66],{"class":65},[47,84043,75],{"class":61},[47,84045,78],{"class":65},[47,84047,84048],{"class":69},"cccc",[47,84050,66],{"class":65},[47,84052,75],{"class":61},[47,84054,78],{"class":65},[47,84056,84057],{"class":69},"ddd",[47,84059,66],{"class":65},[47,84061,95],{"class":61},[47,84063,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84065,139],{"class":138},[47,84067,117],{"class":61},[47,84069,83063],{"class":138},[47,84071,117],{"class":61},[47,84073,8456],{"class":113},[47,84075,75],{"class":61},[47,84077,21981],{"class":9818},[47,84079,58],{"class":57},[47,84081,38072],{"class":2714},[47,84083,43257],{"class":38075},[47,84085,172],{"class":61},[47,84087,38799],{"class":138},[47,84089,117],{"class":61},[47,84091,35117],{"class":113},[47,84093,2425],{"class":61},[20,84095,372],{},[38,84097,84099],{"className":40,"code":84098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cccc\n",[15,84100,84101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84102,84103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84104,84098],{"class":53},[20,84106,49968,84107,5036,84109,84111],{},[15,84108,83912],{},[15,84110,79008],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[33,84113,37024,84115,37027],{"id":84114},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84116,83359],{},[20,84118,2628,84119,84121],{},[15,84120,83359],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84123,84124],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[38,84126,84128],{"className":40,"code":84127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84129,84130,84138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84131,84132,84134,84136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84133,4270],{"class":53},[47,84135,58],{"class":57},[47,84137,8485],{"class":61},[47,84139,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84141,139],{"class":138},[47,84143,117],{"class":61},[47,84145,83063],{"class":138},[47,84147,117],{"class":61},[47,84149,4300],{"class":113},[47,84151,75],{"class":61},[47,84153,26927],{"class":9818},[47,84155,58],{"class":57},[47,84157,436],{"class":349},[47,84159,2266],{"class":61},[20,84161,372],{},[38,84163,84164],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84165,84166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84167,84168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84169,47669],{"class":349},[20,84171,84172],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84174,84175,84176,84178],{},"Without ",[15,84177,83359],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84180,52499],{},[38,84182,84184],{"className":40,"code":84183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84185,84186,84194,84221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84187,84188,84190,84192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84189,4711],{"class":53},[47,84191,58],{"class":57},[47,84193,8485],{"class":61},[47,84195,84196,84198,84200,84202,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84217,84219],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84197,2879],{"class":53},[47,84199,58],{"class":57},[47,84201,83410],{"class":138},[47,84203,117],{"class":61},[47,84205,4755],{"class":113},[47,84207,75],{"class":61},[47,84209,26927],{"class":9818},[47,84211,58],{"class":57},[47,84213,66],{"class":65},[47,84215,84216],{"class":69},"no words found",[47,84218,66],{"class":65},[47,84220,132],{"class":61},[47,84222,84223,84225,84227,84229],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,84224,139],{"class":138},[47,84226,117],{"class":61},[47,84228,2914],{"class":113},[47,84230,132],{"class":61},[20,84232,372],{},[38,84234,84236],{"className":40,"code":84235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"no words found\n",[15,84237,84238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84239,84240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84241,84235],{"class":53},[20,84243,84244],{},"Important:",[174,84246,84247,84255],{},[177,84248,84249,84251,84252],{},[15,84250,83359],{}," works with ",[15,84253,84254],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[177,84256,41320,84257,84259,84260],{},[278,84258,1369],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84261,84262],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[33,84264,48404],{"id":48403},[20,84266,84267,84268,110],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84269,83004],{},[244,84271,84273,84275],{"id":84272},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84274,41118],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84277,84278,84279,46325,84281,110],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84280,83359],{},[15,84282,41118],{},[38,84284,84286],{"className":40,"code":84285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84287,84288,84296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84289,84290,84292,84294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84291,4270],{"class":53},[47,84293,58],{"class":57},[47,84295,8485],{"class":61},[47,84297,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84299,139],{"class":138},[47,84301,117],{"class":61},[47,84303,83063],{"class":138},[47,84305,117],{"class":61},[47,84307,4300],{"class":113},[47,84309,2266],{"class":61},[20,84311,30086],{},[38,84313,84315],{"className":40,"code":84314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84316,84317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84318,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84330,84332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84320,41118],{"class":106},[47,84322,172],{"class":61},[47,84324,83410],{"class":138},[47,84326,8011],{"class":61},[47,84328,84329],{"class":53}," arg ",[47,84331,12822],{"class":57},[47,84333,84334],{"class":53}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84336,84337,84338,172],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84339,83359],{},[38,84341,84343],{"className":40,"code":84342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84344,84345,84353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84346,84347,84349,84351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84348,4270],{"class":53},[47,84350,58],{"class":57},[47,84352,8485],{"class":61},[47,84354,84355,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84356,139],{"class":138},[47,84358,117],{"class":61},[47,84360,83063],{"class":138},[47,84362,117],{"class":61},[47,84364,4300],{"class":113},[47,84366,75],{"class":61},[47,84368,26927],{"class":9818},[47,84370,58],{"class":57},[47,84372,269],{"class":559},[47,84374,2266],{"class":61},[20,84376,84377,84378,110],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[210,84379,66262],{"href":73301},[244,84381,84383,84385],{"id":84382},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84384,3655],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84387,84388,84389,110],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84390,3655],{},[38,84392,84394],{"className":40,"code":84393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84395,84396,84420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84397,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84399,8425],{"class":53},[47,84401,58],{"class":57},[47,84403,62],{"class":61},[47,84405,2981],{"class":349},[47,84407,75],{"class":61},[47,84409,78],{"class":65},[47,84411,16364],{"class":69},[47,84413,66],{"class":65},[47,84415,75],{"class":61},[47,84417,8441],{"class":349},[47,84419,95],{"class":61},[47,84421,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84423,139],{"class":138},[47,84425,117],{"class":61},[47,84427,83063],{"class":138},[47,84429,117],{"class":61},[47,84431,8456],{"class":113},[47,84433,2266],{"class":61},[20,84435,84436],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84438,84439],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[38,84441,84443],{"className":40,"code":84442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84444,84445,84465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84446,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84448,8425],{"class":53},[47,84450,58],{"class":57},[47,84452,62],{"class":61},[47,84454,2981],{"class":349},[47,84456,75],{"class":61},[47,84458,8436],{"class":349},[47,84460,75],{"class":61},[47,84462,8441],{"class":349},[47,84464,95],{"class":61},[47,84466,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84468,139],{"class":138},[47,84470,117],{"class":61},[47,84472,83063],{"class":138},[47,84474,117],{"class":61},[47,84476,8456],{"class":113},[47,84478,2266],{"class":61},[20,84480,84481,84482,110],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[210,84483,84485],{"href":84484},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[244,84487,84489,84491],{"id":84488},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84490,3655],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84493,84494,84496],{},[15,84495,83004],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[38,84498,84500],{"className":40,"code":84499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max())\n",[15,84501,84502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84503,84504,84506,84508,84510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84505,139],{"class":138},[47,84507,117],{"class":61},[47,84509,83063],{"class":138},[47,84511,7839],{"class":61},[20,84513,3652,84514,110],{},[15,84515,3655],{},[33,84517,84519,11222,84521],{"id":84518},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84520,83004],{},[15,84522,74847],{},[20,84524,84525],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84527,84528,172],{},[15,84529,83004],{},[174,84531,84532],{},[177,84533,84534],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84536,84537,172],{},[15,84538,74847],{},[174,84540,84541],{},[177,84542,84543],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84545,603],{},[38,84547,84549],{"className":40,"code":84548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84550,84551,84575,84579,84593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84552,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84554,4270],{"class":53},[47,84556,58],{"class":57},[47,84558,62],{"class":61},[47,84560,2711],{"class":349},[47,84562,75],{"class":61},[47,84564,7004],{"class":349},[47,84566,75],{"class":61},[47,84568,2409],{"class":349},[47,84570,75],{"class":61},[47,84572,5249],{"class":349},[47,84574,95],{"class":61},[47,84576,84577],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84578,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,84580,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,84582,139],{"class":138},[47,84584,117],{"class":61},[47,84586,83063],{"class":138},[47,84588,117],{"class":61},[47,84590,4300],{"class":113},[47,84592,2266],{"class":61},[47,84594,84595,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,84596,139],{"class":138},[47,84598,117],{"class":61},[47,84600,74937],{"class":138},[47,84602,117],{"class":61},[47,84604,4300],{"class":113},[47,84606,2266],{"class":61},[20,84608,372],{},[38,84610,84612],{"className":40,"code":84611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84613,84614,84618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84615,84616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84617,3032],{"class":349},[47,84619,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84621,669],{"class":61},[47,84623,2705],{"class":349},[47,84625,75],{"class":61},[47,84627,2414],{"class":349},[47,84629,75],{"class":61},[47,84631,5249],{"class":349},[47,84633,75],{"class":61},[47,84635,7004],{"class":349},[47,84637,95],{"class":61},[20,84639,156,84640,84642],{},[15,84641,83004],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84644,156,84645,84649],{},[210,84646,84647],{"href":74944},[15,84648,74847],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84651,84652,84653,110],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[210,84654,84656],{"href":84655},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84657,84658],{},"min()",[33,84660,1641],{"id":1640},[20,84662,84663],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[174,84665,84666,84673,84676,84681,84684],{},[177,84667,30055,84668,84670,84671],{},[15,84669,83004],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84672,83359],{},[177,84674,84675],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[177,84677,1968,84678,84680],{},[15,84679,83004],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[177,84682,84683],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[177,84685,453,84686,84688],{},[15,84687,83359],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84690,11749],{},[38,84692,84694],{"className":40,"code":84693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84695,84696,84706,84720,84734,84748,84770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84697,84698,84700,84702,84704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84699,139],{"class":138},[47,84701,117],{"class":61},[47,84703,8456],{"class":113},[47,84705,132],{"class":61},[47,84707,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84709,139],{"class":138},[47,84711,117],{"class":61},[47,84713,2392],{"class":106},[47,84715,117],{"class":61},[47,84717,8456],{"class":113},[47,84719,2266],{"class":61},[47,84721,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,84723,139],{"class":138},[47,84725,117],{"class":61},[47,84727,11798],{"class":138},[47,84729,117],{"class":61},[47,84731,8456],{"class":113},[47,84733,2266],{"class":61},[47,84735,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,84737,139],{"class":138},[47,84739,117],{"class":61},[47,84741,83063],{"class":138},[47,84743,117],{"class":61},[47,84745,8456],{"class":113},[47,84747,2266],{"class":61},[47,84749,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,84751,139],{"class":138},[47,84753,117],{"class":61},[47,84755,83063],{"class":138},[47,84757,117],{"class":61},[47,84759,8456],{"class":113},[47,84761,75],{"class":61},[47,84763,26927],{"class":9818},[47,84765,58],{"class":57},[47,84767,269],{"class":559},[47,84769,2266],{"class":61},[47,84771,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,84773,139],{"class":138},[47,84775,1258],{"class":61},[47,84777,2392],{"class":106},[47,84779,117],{"class":61},[47,84781,1995],{"class":113},[47,84783,4313],{"class":61},[47,84785,1108],{"class":1107},[47,84787,4524],{"class":113},[47,84789,1114],{"class":1107},[47,84791,6609],{"class":113},[47,84793,2166],{"class":61},[20,84795,84796],{},"These are useful for checking:",[174,84798,84799,84804,84809,84812],{},[177,84800,84801,84802],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84803,8456],{},[177,84805,80174,84806,84808],{},[15,84807,8456],{}," is a list or some other type",[177,84810,84811],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[177,84813,84814],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84816,69770,84817,84820,84821,84823],{},[15,84818,84819],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84822,8456],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[33,84825,2429],{"id":2428},[244,84827,5785,84829,5788],{"id":84828},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84830,83004],{},[20,84832,84833],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[244,84835,5813,84837,84839],{"id":84836},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84838,83004],{}," work with strings?",[20,84841,84842],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[244,84844,72069],{"id":72068},[20,84846,84847,52914,84849,84851,84852,84854],{},[15,84848,83004],{},[15,84850,41118],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84853,83359],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[244,84856,84858,84859,3143],{"id":84857},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84860,83004],{},[20,84862,156,84863,172],{},[15,84864,83912],{},[38,84866,84867],{"className":40,"code":83840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84868,84869,84901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84870,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84872,4711],{"class":53},[47,84874,58],{"class":57},[47,84876,62],{"class":61},[47,84878,66],{"class":65},[47,84880,37459],{"class":69},[47,84882,66],{"class":65},[47,84884,75],{"class":61},[47,84886,78],{"class":65},[47,84888,68749],{"class":69},[47,84890,66],{"class":65},[47,84892,75],{"class":61},[47,84894,78],{"class":65},[47,84896,58548],{"class":69},[47,84898,66],{"class":65},[47,84900,95],{"class":61},[47,84902,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,84904,139],{"class":138},[47,84906,117],{"class":61},[47,84908,83063],{"class":138},[47,84910,117],{"class":61},[47,84912,4755],{"class":113},[47,84914,75],{"class":61},[47,84916,21981],{"class":9818},[47,84918,58],{"class":57},[47,84920,11798],{"class":138},[47,84922,2266],{"class":61},[244,84924,5823,84926,5036,84928,3143],{"id":84925},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84927,83004],{},[15,84929,74847],{},[20,84931,84932,84934,84935,84937],{},[15,84933,83004],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84936,74847],{}," returns all items in order.",[33,84939,2526],{"id":2525},[174,84941,84942,84948,84954,84960,84964,84968],{},[177,84943,84944],{},[210,84945,84946,4159],{"href":84655},[15,84947,84658],{},[177,84949,84950],{},[210,84951,84952,4159],{"href":74944},[15,84953,74847],{},[177,84955,84956],{},[210,84957,84958,4159],{"href":42773},[15,84959,42776],{},[177,84961,84962],{},[210,84963,59377],{"href":59376},[177,84965,84966],{},[210,84967,66262],{"href":73301},[177,84969,84970],{},[210,84971,84485],{"href":84484},[2563,84973,84974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":84976},[84977,84978,84980,84981,84983,84985,84987,84992,84994,85002,85004,85005,85016],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":83194,"depth":98,"text":84979},"What max() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":83363,"depth":98,"text":84982},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83533,"depth":98,"text":84984},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83668,"depth":98,"text":84986},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79125,"depth":98,"text":80323,"children":84988},[84989,84990,84991],{"id":83836,"depth":135,"text":83837},{"id":83925,"depth":135,"text":83926},{"id":84007,"depth":135,"text":84008},{"id":84114,"depth":98,"text":84993},"Using the default argument",{"id":48403,"depth":98,"text":48404,"children":84995},[84996,84998,85000],{"id":84272,"depth":135,"text":84997},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84382,"depth":135,"text":84999},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84488,"depth":135,"text":85001},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84518,"depth":98,"text":85003},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":85006},[85007,85009,85011,85012,85014],{"id":84828,"depth":135,"text":85008},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84836,"depth":135,"text":85010},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72068,"depth":135,"text":72069},{"id":84857,"depth":135,"text":85013},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84925,"depth":135,"text":85015},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82996,"description":85017},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85024,"title":85025,"body":85026,"description":86980,"extension":2611,"meta":86981,"navigation":357,"path":86982,"seo":86983,"stem":86984,"__hash__":86985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85027,"toc":86937},[85028,85033,85038,85044,85046,85120,85122,85135,85140,85145,85161,85165,85170,85246,85252,85255,85298,85300,85308,85314,85317,85348,85350,85358,85364,85369,85428,85430,85439,85442,85452,85458,85463,85498,85500,85508,85514,85520,85525,85569,85571,85580,85583,85623,85625,85634,85637,85649,85654,85659,85710,85712,85721,85724,85775,85777,85786,85789,85796,85802,85807,85809,85824,85828,85888,85890,85899,85903,86075,86077,86114,86121,86127,86130,86157,86159,86180,86185,86220,86222,86230,86233,86236,86252,86257,86259,86263,86269,86273,86300,86303,86313,86353,86357,86360,86403,86405,86414,86417,86422,86491,86493,86501,86506,86510,86513,86564,86566,86574,86577,86640,86642,86650,86653,86658,86662,86675,86682,86690,86692,86694,86724,86730,86831,86841,86843,86848,86851,86856,86859,86861,86869,86877,86885,86892,86900,86902,86934],[10,85029,4226,85031,4230],{"id":85030},"python-min-function-explained",[15,85032,84658],{},[20,85034,85035,85037],{},[15,85036,84658],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85039,85040,85041,85043],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85042,84658],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[33,85045,36],{"id":35},[38,85047,85049],{"className":40,"code":85048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85050,85051,85075,85090,85094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85052,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85054,4270],{"class":53},[47,85056,58],{"class":57},[47,85058,62],{"class":61},[47,85060,2784],{"class":349},[47,85062,75],{"class":61},[47,85064,2409],{"class":349},[47,85066,75],{"class":61},[47,85068,54556],{"class":349},[47,85070,75],{"class":61},[47,85072,2002],{"class":349},[47,85074,95],{"class":61},[47,85076,85077,85079,85081,85084,85086,85088],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85078,139],{"class":138},[47,85080,117],{"class":61},[47,85082,85083],{"class":138},"min",[47,85085,117],{"class":61},[47,85087,4300],{"class":113},[47,85089,2266],{"class":61},[47,85091,85092],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,85093,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,85095,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,85097,139],{"class":138},[47,85099,117],{"class":61},[47,85101,85083],{"class":138},[47,85103,117],{"class":61},[47,85105,2784],{"class":349},[47,85107,75],{"class":61},[47,85109,2409],{"class":349},[47,85111,75],{"class":61},[47,85113,54556],{"class":349},[47,85115,75],{"class":61},[47,85117,2002],{"class":349},[47,85119,2266],{"class":61},[20,85121,372],{},[38,85123,85125],{"className":40,"code":85124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n1\n",[15,85126,85127,85131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85128,85129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85130,47334],{"class":349},[47,85132,85133],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85134,47334],{"class":349},[20,85136,156,85137,85139],{},[15,85138,84658],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[33,85141,164,85143,167],{"id":85142},"what-min-does",[15,85144,84658],{},[174,85146,85147,85152,85155,85158],{},[177,85148,85149,85151],{},[15,85150,84658],{}," returns the smallest item",[177,85153,85154],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[177,85156,85157],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[177,85159,85160],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[33,85162,85164],{"id":85163},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85166,85167,85168,172],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85169,84658],{},[38,85171,85173],{"className":40,"code":85172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85174,85175,85185,85210,85228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85176,85177,85179,85181,85183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85178,85083],{"class":138},[47,85180,117],{"class":61},[47,85182,235],{"class":113},[47,85184,132],{"class":61},[47,85186,85187,85189,85191,85194,85196,85199,85201,85204,85206,85208],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85188,85083],{"class":138},[47,85190,117],{"class":61},[47,85192,85193],{"class":113},"value1",[47,85195,75],{"class":61},[47,85197,85198],{"class":113}," value2",[47,85200,75],{"class":61},[47,85202,85203],{"class":113}," value3",[47,85205,75],{"class":61},[47,85207,34862],{"class":138},[47,85209,132],{"class":61},[47,85211,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,85213,85083],{"class":138},[47,85215,117],{"class":61},[47,85217,235],{"class":113},[47,85219,75],{"class":61},[47,85221,21981],{"class":9818},[47,85223,58],{"class":57},[47,85225,37783],{"class":138},[47,85227,132],{"class":61},[47,85229,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,85231,85083],{"class":138},[47,85233,117],{"class":61},[47,85235,235],{"class":113},[47,85237,75],{"class":61},[47,85239,26927],{"class":9818},[47,85241,58],{"class":57},[47,85243,37783],{"class":138},[47,85245,132],{"class":61},[244,85247,85249],{"id":85248},"miniterable",[15,85250,85251],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85253,85254],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[38,85256,85258],{"className":40,"code":85257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85259,85260,85284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85261,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85263,4270],{"class":53},[47,85265,58],{"class":57},[47,85267,62],{"class":61},[47,85269,2996],{"class":349},[47,85271,75],{"class":61},[47,85273,2414],{"class":349},[47,85275,75],{"class":61},[47,85277,31349],{"class":349},[47,85279,75],{"class":61},[47,85281,2002],{"class":349},[47,85283,95],{"class":61},[47,85285,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85287,139],{"class":138},[47,85289,117],{"class":61},[47,85291,85083],{"class":138},[47,85293,117],{"class":61},[47,85295,4300],{"class":113},[47,85297,2266],{"class":61},[20,85299,372],{},[38,85301,85302],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85303,85304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85305,85306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85307,47334],{"class":349},[244,85309,85311],{"id":85310},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85312,85313],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85315,85316],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[38,85318,85320],{"className":40,"code":85319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85321,85322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85323,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85325,139],{"class":138},[47,85327,117],{"class":61},[47,85329,85083],{"class":138},[47,85331,117],{"class":61},[47,85333,2996],{"class":349},[47,85335,75],{"class":61},[47,85337,2414],{"class":349},[47,85339,75],{"class":61},[47,85341,31349],{"class":349},[47,85343,75],{"class":61},[47,85345,2002],{"class":349},[47,85347,2266],{"class":61},[20,85349,372],{},[38,85351,85352],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85353,85354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85355,85356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85357,47334],{"class":349},[244,85359,85361],{"id":85360},"miniterable-key",[15,85362,85363],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85365,156,85366,85368],{},[15,85367,1099],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[38,85370,85372],{"className":40,"code":85371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85373,85374,85406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85375,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85377,4711],{"class":53},[47,85379,58],{"class":57},[47,85381,62],{"class":61},[47,85383,66],{"class":65},[47,85385,79167],{"class":69},[47,85387,66],{"class":65},[47,85389,75],{"class":61},[47,85391,78],{"class":65},[47,85393,38754],{"class":69},[47,85395,66],{"class":65},[47,85397,75],{"class":61},[47,85399,78],{"class":65},[47,85401,4729],{"class":69},[47,85403,66],{"class":65},[47,85405,95],{"class":61},[47,85407,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85409,139],{"class":138},[47,85411,117],{"class":61},[47,85413,85083],{"class":138},[47,85415,117],{"class":61},[47,85417,4755],{"class":113},[47,85419,75],{"class":61},[47,85421,21981],{"class":9818},[47,85423,58],{"class":57},[47,85425,11798],{"class":138},[47,85427,2266],{"class":61},[20,85429,372],{},[38,85431,85433],{"className":40,"code":85432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"kiwi\n",[15,85434,85435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85436,85437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85438,85432],{"class":53},[20,85440,85441],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85443,85444,85445,85447,85448,110],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85446,42776],{},", see the ",[210,85449,85450,4159],{"href":42773},[15,85451,42776],{},[244,85453,85455],{"id":85454},"miniterable-default",[15,85456,85457],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85459,156,85460,85462],{},[15,85461,83359],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[38,85464,85466],{"className":40,"code":85465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85467,85468,85476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85469,85470,85472,85474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85471,4270],{"class":53},[47,85473,58],{"class":57},[47,85475,8485],{"class":61},[47,85477,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85479,139],{"class":138},[47,85481,117],{"class":61},[47,85483,85083],{"class":138},[47,85485,117],{"class":61},[47,85487,4300],{"class":113},[47,85489,75],{"class":61},[47,85491,26927],{"class":9818},[47,85493,58],{"class":57},[47,85495,436],{"class":349},[47,85497,2266],{"class":61},[20,85499,372],{},[38,85501,85502],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85503,85504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85505,85506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85507,47669],{"class":349},[20,85509,85510,85511,85513],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85512,41118],{}," when there is no item to return.",[33,85515,453,85517,85519],{"id":85516},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85518,84658],{}," with numbers",[20,85521,85522,85524],{},[15,85523,84658],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[38,85526,85528],{"className":40,"code":85527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85529,85530,85555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85531,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85533,1311],{"class":53},[47,85535,58],{"class":57},[47,85537,62],{"class":61},[47,85539,51924],{"class":349},[47,85541,75],{"class":61},[47,85543,85544],{"class":349}," 72",[47,85546,75],{"class":61},[47,85548,29311],{"class":349},[47,85550,75],{"class":61},[47,85552,76523],{"class":349},[47,85554,95],{"class":61},[47,85556,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85558,139],{"class":138},[47,85560,117],{"class":61},[47,85562,85083],{"class":138},[47,85564,117],{"class":61},[47,85566,1361],{"class":113},[47,85568,2266],{"class":61},[20,85570,372],{},[38,85572,85574],{"className":40,"code":85573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"60\n",[15,85575,85576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85577,85578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85579,85573],{"class":349},[20,85581,85582],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[38,85584,85586],{"className":40,"code":85585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85587,85588,85609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85589,85590,85592,85594,85596,85598,85600,85603,85605,85607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85591,83471],{"class":53},[47,85593,58],{"class":57},[47,85595,62],{"class":61},[47,85597,40812],{"class":349},[47,85599,75],{"class":61},[47,85601,85602],{"class":349}," 5.49",[47,85604,75],{"class":61},[47,85606,83487],{"class":349},[47,85608,95],{"class":61},[47,85610,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85612,139],{"class":138},[47,85614,117],{"class":61},[47,85616,85083],{"class":138},[47,85618,117],{"class":61},[47,85620,83507],{"class":113},[47,85622,2266],{"class":61},[20,85624,372],{},[38,85626,85628],{"className":40,"code":85627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.49\n",[15,85629,85630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85631,85632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85633,85627],{"class":349},[20,85635,85636],{},"This is useful for things like:",[174,85638,85639,85641,85643,85646],{},[177,85640,1361],{},[177,85642,83507],{},[177,85644,85645],{},"measurements",[177,85647,85648],{},"ages",[33,85650,453,85652,47476],{"id":85651},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85653,84658],{},[20,85655,85656,85658],{},[15,85657,84658],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[38,85660,85662],{"className":40,"code":85661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85663,85664,85696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85665,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85667,4711],{"class":53},[47,85669,58],{"class":57},[47,85671,62],{"class":61},[47,85673,66],{"class":65},[47,85675,4729],{"class":69},[47,85677,66],{"class":65},[47,85679,75],{"class":61},[47,85681,78],{"class":65},[47,85683,4720],{"class":69},[47,85685,66],{"class":65},[47,85687,75],{"class":61},[47,85689,78],{"class":65},[47,85691,4738],{"class":69},[47,85693,66],{"class":65},[47,85695,95],{"class":61},[47,85697,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85699,139],{"class":138},[47,85701,117],{"class":61},[47,85703,85083],{"class":138},[47,85705,117],{"class":61},[47,85707,4755],{"class":113},[47,85709,2266],{"class":61},[20,85711,372],{},[38,85713,85715],{"className":40,"code":85714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple\n",[15,85716,85717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85718,85719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85720,85714],{"class":53},[20,85722,85723],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[38,85725,85727],{"className":40,"code":85726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85728,85729,85761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85730,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85732,4711],{"class":53},[47,85734,58],{"class":57},[47,85736,62],{"class":61},[47,85738,66],{"class":65},[47,85740,4729],{"class":69},[47,85742,66],{"class":65},[47,85744,75],{"class":61},[47,85746,78],{"class":65},[47,85748,58189],{"class":69},[47,85750,66],{"class":65},[47,85752,75],{"class":61},[47,85754,78],{"class":65},[47,85756,4738],{"class":69},[47,85758,66],{"class":65},[47,85760,95],{"class":61},[47,85762,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85764,139],{"class":138},[47,85766,117],{"class":61},[47,85768,85083],{"class":138},[47,85770,117],{"class":61},[47,85772,4755],{"class":113},[47,85774,2266],{"class":61},[20,85776,372],{},[38,85778,85780],{"className":40,"code":85779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\n",[15,85781,85782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85783,85784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85785,85779],{"class":53},[20,85787,85788],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85790,85791,85792,110],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[210,85793,85794,6428],{"href":74944},[15,85795,74847],{},[33,85797,453,85799,85801],{"id":85798},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85800,84658],{}," with a key function",[20,85803,2628,85804,85806],{},[15,85805,1099],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85808,12092],{},[174,85810,85811,85816,85821],{},[177,85812,85813,85815],{},[15,85814,1099],{}," changes the comparison rule",[177,85817,85818,85820],{},[15,85819,84658],{}," still returns the original item",[177,85822,85823],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[244,85825,85827],{"id":85826},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[38,85829,85831],{"className":40,"code":85830,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85832,85833,85866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85834,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85862,85864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85836,4711],{"class":53},[47,85838,58],{"class":57},[47,85840,62],{"class":61},[47,85842,66],{"class":65},[47,85844,68749],{"class":69},[47,85846,66],{"class":65},[47,85848,75],{"class":61},[47,85850,78],{"class":65},[47,85852,37459],{"class":69},[47,85854,66],{"class":65},[47,85856,75],{"class":61},[47,85858,78],{"class":65},[47,85860,85861],{"class":69},"giraffe",[47,85863,66],{"class":65},[47,85865,95],{"class":61},[47,85867,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85869,139],{"class":138},[47,85871,117],{"class":61},[47,85873,85083],{"class":138},[47,85875,117],{"class":61},[47,85877,4755],{"class":113},[47,85879,75],{"class":61},[47,85881,21981],{"class":9818},[47,85883,58],{"class":57},[47,85885,11798],{"class":138},[47,85887,2266],{"class":61},[20,85889,372],{},[38,85891,85893],{"className":40,"code":85892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat\n",[15,85894,85895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85896,85897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85898,85892],{"class":53},[244,85900,85902],{"id":85901},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[38,85904,85906],{"className":40,"code":85905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85907,85908,85918,85953,85985,86017,86021,86025,86064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85909,85910,85913,85915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85911,85912],{"class":53},"students ",[47,85914,58],{"class":57},[47,85916,85917],{"class":61}," [\n",[47,85919,85920,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85944,85946,85948,85950],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,85921,85922],{"class":61},"    {",[47,85924,66],{"class":65},[47,85926,70],{"class":69},[47,85928,66],{"class":65},[47,85930,172],{"class":61},[47,85932,78],{"class":65},[47,85934,13508],{"class":69},[47,85936,66],{"class":65},[47,85938,75],{"class":61},[47,85940,78],{"class":65},[47,85942,85943],{"class":69},"score",[47,85945,66],{"class":65},[47,85947,172],{"class":61},[47,85949,14127],{"class":349},[47,85951,85952],{"class":61},"},\n",[47,85954,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,85956,85922],{"class":61},[47,85958,66],{"class":65},[47,85960,70],{"class":69},[47,85962,66],{"class":65},[47,85964,172],{"class":61},[47,85966,78],{"class":65},[47,85968,36351],{"class":69},[47,85970,66],{"class":65},[47,85972,75],{"class":61},[47,85974,78],{"class":65},[47,85976,85943],{"class":69},[47,85978,66],{"class":65},[47,85980,172],{"class":61},[47,85982,85544],{"class":349},[47,85984,85952],{"class":61},[47,85986,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,85988,85922],{"class":61},[47,85990,66],{"class":65},[47,85992,70],{"class":69},[47,85994,66],{"class":65},[47,85996,172],{"class":61},[47,85998,78],{"class":65},[47,86000,36360],{"class":69},[47,86002,66],{"class":65},[47,86004,75],{"class":61},[47,86006,78],{"class":65},[47,86008,85943],{"class":69},[47,86010,66],{"class":65},[47,86012,172],{"class":61},[47,86014,20299],{"class":349},[47,86016,421],{"class":61},[47,86018,86019],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,86020,95],{"class":61},[47,86022,86023],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,86024,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,86026,86027,86030,86032,86035,86037,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,86028,86029],{"class":53},"lowest ",[47,86031,58],{"class":57},[47,86033,86034],{"class":138}," min",[47,86036,117],{"class":61},[47,86038,86039],{"class":113},"students",[47,86041,75],{"class":61},[47,86043,21981],{"class":9818},[47,86045,58],{"class":57},[47,86047,38072],{"class":2714},[47,86049,13534],{"class":38075},[47,86051,172],{"class":61},[47,86053,13534],{"class":113},[47,86055,669],{"class":61},[47,86057,66],{"class":65},[47,86059,85943],{"class":69},[47,86061,66],{"class":65},[47,86063,2166],{"class":61},[47,86065,86066,86068,86070,86073],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,86067,139],{"class":138},[47,86069,117],{"class":61},[47,86071,86072],{"class":113},"lowest",[47,86074,132],{"class":61},[20,86076,372],{},[38,86078,86080],{"className":40,"code":86079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86081,86082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86083,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86085,382],{"class":61},[47,86087,385],{"class":65},[47,86089,70],{"class":69},[47,86091,385],{"class":65},[47,86093,172],{"class":61},[47,86095,398],{"class":65},[47,86097,36351],{"class":69},[47,86099,385],{"class":65},[47,86101,75],{"class":61},[47,86103,398],{"class":65},[47,86105,85943],{"class":69},[47,86107,385],{"class":65},[47,86109,172],{"class":61},[47,86111,85544],{"class":349},[47,86113,421],{"class":61},[20,86115,86116,86117,86120],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86118,86119],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[33,86122,453,86124,86126],{"id":86123},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86125,83359],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86128,86129],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[38,86131,86133],{"className":40,"code":86132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86134,86135,86143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86136,86137,86139,86141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86138,4270],{"class":53},[47,86140,58],{"class":57},[47,86142,8485],{"class":61},[47,86144,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86146,139],{"class":138},[47,86148,117],{"class":61},[47,86150,85083],{"class":138},[47,86152,117],{"class":61},[47,86154,4300],{"class":113},[47,86156,2266],{"class":61},[20,86158,372],{},[38,86160,86162],{"className":40,"code":86161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86163,86164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86165,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86167,41118],{"class":106},[47,86169,172],{"class":61},[47,86171,86034],{"class":138},[47,86173,8011],{"class":61},[47,86175,84329],{"class":53},[47,86177,12822],{"class":57},[47,86179,84334],{"class":53},[20,86181,86182,86183,172],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86184,83359],{},[38,86186,86188],{"className":40,"code":86187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86189,86190,86198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86191,86192,86194,86196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86193,4270],{"class":53},[47,86195,58],{"class":57},[47,86197,8485],{"class":61},[47,86199,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86201,139],{"class":138},[47,86203,117],{"class":61},[47,86205,85083],{"class":138},[47,86207,117],{"class":61},[47,86209,4300],{"class":113},[47,86211,75],{"class":61},[47,86213,26927],{"class":9818},[47,86215,58],{"class":57},[47,86217,269],{"class":559},[47,86219,2266],{"class":61},[20,86221,372],{},[38,86223,86224],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86225,86226],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86227,86228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86229,12438],{"class":559},[20,86231,86232],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86234,86235],{},"Remember:",[174,86237,86238,86246],{},[177,86239,86240,86242,86243,86245],{},[15,86241,83359],{}," works only when ",[15,86244,84658],{}," gets one iterable argument",[177,86247,86248,86249],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86250,86251],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86253,86254,86255,110],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[210,86256,66262],{"href":73301},[33,86258,11380],{"id":11379},[20,86260,57196,86261,110],{},[15,86262,84658],{},[244,86264,86266,86267],{"id":86265},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86268,83359],{},[20,86270,3652,86271,172],{},[15,86272,41118],{},[38,86274,86276],{"className":40,"code":86275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86277,86278,86286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86279,86280,86282,86284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86281,8425],{"class":53},[47,86283,58],{"class":57},[47,86285,8485],{"class":61},[47,86287,86288,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86289,139],{"class":138},[47,86291,117],{"class":61},[47,86293,85083],{"class":138},[47,86295,117],{"class":61},[47,86297,8456],{"class":113},[47,86299,2266],{"class":61},[20,86301,86302],{},"Fix it by:",[174,86304,86305,86308],{},[177,86306,86307],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[177,86309,86310,86311],{},"or using ",[15,86312,83359],{},[38,86314,86316],{"className":40,"code":86315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86317,86318,86326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86319,86320,86322,86324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86321,8425],{"class":53},[47,86323,58],{"class":57},[47,86325,8485],{"class":61},[47,86327,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346,86349,86351],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86329,139],{"class":138},[47,86331,117],{"class":61},[47,86333,85083],{"class":138},[47,86335,117],{"class":61},[47,86337,8456],{"class":113},[47,86339,75],{"class":61},[47,86341,26927],{"class":9818},[47,86343,58],{"class":57},[47,86345,66],{"class":65},[47,86347,86348],{"class":69},"no items",[47,86350,66],{"class":65},[47,86352,2266],{"class":61},[244,86354,86356],{"id":86355},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86358,86359],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[38,86361,86363],{"className":40,"code":86362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86364,86365,86389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86366,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86368,872],{"class":53},[47,86370,58],{"class":57},[47,86372,62],{"class":61},[47,86374,2981],{"class":349},[47,86376,75],{"class":61},[47,86378,78],{"class":65},[47,86380,16364],{"class":69},[47,86382,66],{"class":65},[47,86384,75],{"class":61},[47,86386,5249],{"class":349},[47,86388,95],{"class":61},[47,86390,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86392,139],{"class":138},[47,86394,117],{"class":61},[47,86396,85083],{"class":138},[47,86398,117],{"class":61},[47,86400,898],{"class":113},[47,86402,2266],{"class":61},[20,86404,372],{},[38,86406,86408],{"className":40,"code":86407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError\n",[15,86409,86410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86411,86412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86413,86407],{"class":106},[20,86415,86416],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86418,86419,86420,110],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86421,84658],{},[38,86423,86425],{"className":40,"code":86424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86426,86427,86451,86477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86428,86429,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86430,872],{"class":53},[47,86432,58],{"class":57},[47,86434,62],{"class":61},[47,86436,2981],{"class":349},[47,86438,75],{"class":61},[47,86440,78],{"class":65},[47,86442,16364],{"class":69},[47,86444,66],{"class":65},[47,86446,75],{"class":61},[47,86448,5249],{"class":349},[47,86450,95],{"class":61},[47,86452,86453,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86454,4270],{"class":53},[47,86456,58],{"class":57},[47,86458,62],{"class":61},[47,86460,2837],{"class":106},[47,86462,117],{"class":61},[47,86464,1995],{"class":113},[47,86466,4313],{"class":61},[47,86468,1108],{"class":1107},[47,86470,4524],{"class":53},[47,86472,1114],{"class":1107},[47,86474,15181],{"class":53},[47,86476,95],{"class":61},[47,86478,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,86480,139],{"class":138},[47,86482,117],{"class":61},[47,86484,85083],{"class":138},[47,86486,117],{"class":61},[47,86488,4300],{"class":113},[47,86490,2266],{"class":61},[20,86492,372],{},[38,86494,86495],{"className":40,"code":3598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86496,86497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86498,86499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86500,3598],{"class":349},[20,86502,86503,86504,110],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86505,3655],{},[244,86507,86509],{"id":86508},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86511,86512],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[38,86514,86516],{"className":40,"code":86515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86517,86518,86550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86519,86520,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544,86546,86548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86521,4711],{"class":53},[47,86523,58],{"class":57},[47,86525,62],{"class":61},[47,86527,66],{"class":65},[47,86529,79983],{"class":69},[47,86531,66],{"class":65},[47,86533,75],{"class":61},[47,86535,78],{"class":65},[47,86537,58189],{"class":69},[47,86539,66],{"class":65},[47,86541,75],{"class":61},[47,86543,78],{"class":65},[47,86545,80000],{"class":69},[47,86547,66],{"class":65},[47,86549,95],{"class":61},[47,86551,86552,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86553,139],{"class":138},[47,86555,117],{"class":61},[47,86557,85083],{"class":138},[47,86559,117],{"class":61},[47,86561,4755],{"class":113},[47,86563,2266],{"class":61},[20,86565,372],{},[38,86567,86568],{"className":40,"code":85779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86569,86570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86571,86572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86573,85779],{"class":53},[20,86575,86576],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[38,86578,86580],{"className":40,"code":86579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86581,86582,86614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86583,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86585,4711],{"class":53},[47,86587,58],{"class":57},[47,86589,62],{"class":61},[47,86591,66],{"class":65},[47,86593,79983],{"class":69},[47,86595,66],{"class":65},[47,86597,75],{"class":61},[47,86599,78],{"class":65},[47,86601,58189],{"class":69},[47,86603,66],{"class":65},[47,86605,75],{"class":61},[47,86607,78],{"class":65},[47,86609,80000],{"class":69},[47,86611,66],{"class":65},[47,86613,95],{"class":61},[47,86615,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626,86628,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86617,139],{"class":138},[47,86619,117],{"class":61},[47,86621,85083],{"class":138},[47,86623,117],{"class":61},[47,86625,4755],{"class":113},[47,86627,75],{"class":61},[47,86629,21981],{"class":9818},[47,86631,58],{"class":57},[47,86633,4093],{"class":106},[47,86635,110],{"class":61},[47,86637,9285],{"class":25153},[47,86639,2266],{"class":61},[20,86641,372],{},[38,86643,86644],{"className":40,"code":85779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86645,86646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86647,86648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86649,85779],{"class":53},[20,86651,86652],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[33,86654,1216,86656],{"id":86655},"when-to-use-min",[15,86657,84658],{},[20,86659,156,86660,11238],{},[15,86661,84658],{},[174,86663,86664,86667,86672],{},[177,86665,86666],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[177,86668,86669,86670],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86671,1099],{},[177,86673,86674],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86676,156,86677,86681],{},[210,86678,86679],{"href":74944},[15,86680,74847],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86683,156,86684,86689],{},[210,86685,86687],{"href":86686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86688,83004],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[33,86691,1641],{"id":1640},[20,86693,84663],{},[174,86695,86696,86704,86707,86712,86719],{},[177,86697,86698,86699,86701,86702],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86700,84658],{}," without using ",[15,86703,83359],{},[177,86705,86706],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[177,86708,1968,86709,86711],{},[15,86710,84658],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[177,86713,5348,86714,86716,86717,85820],{},[15,86715,1099],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86718,84658],{},[177,86720,453,86721,86723],{},[15,86722,83359],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86725,86726,86727,86729],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86728,84658],{},", these quick checks can help:",[38,86731,86733],{"className":40,"code":86732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86734,86735,86749,86759,86773,86787,86809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86736,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86738,139],{"class":138},[47,86740,117],{"class":61},[47,86742,2392],{"class":106},[47,86744,117],{"class":61},[47,86746,898],{"class":113},[47,86748,2266],{"class":61},[47,86750,86751,86753,86755,86757],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,86752,139],{"class":138},[47,86754,117],{"class":61},[47,86756,898],{"class":113},[47,86758,132],{"class":61},[47,86760,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,86762,139],{"class":138},[47,86764,117],{"class":61},[47,86766,11798],{"class":138},[47,86768,117],{"class":61},[47,86770,898],{"class":113},[47,86772,2266],{"class":61},[47,86774,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,86776,139],{"class":138},[47,86778,117],{"class":61},[47,86780,85083],{"class":138},[47,86782,117],{"class":61},[47,86784,898],{"class":113},[47,86786,2266],{"class":61},[47,86788,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,86790,139],{"class":138},[47,86792,117],{"class":61},[47,86794,85083],{"class":138},[47,86796,117],{"class":61},[47,86798,898],{"class":113},[47,86800,75],{"class":61},[47,86802,26927],{"class":9818},[47,86804,58],{"class":57},[47,86806,269],{"class":559},[47,86808,2266],{"class":61},[47,86810,86811,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,86812,139],{"class":138},[47,86814,117],{"class":61},[47,86816,85083],{"class":138},[47,86818,117],{"class":61},[47,86820,4755],{"class":113},[47,86822,75],{"class":61},[47,86824,21981],{"class":9818},[47,86826,58],{"class":57},[47,86828,11798],{"class":138},[47,86830,2266],{"class":61},[20,86832,86833,86834,86837,86838,86840],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86835,86836],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86839,898],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[33,86842,2429],{"id":2428},[244,86844,5785,86846,5788],{"id":86845},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86847,84658],{},[20,86849,86850],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[244,86852,5813,86854,84839],{"id":86853},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86855,84658],{},[20,86857,86858],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[244,86860,72069],{"id":72068},[20,86862,86863,52914,86865,84851,86867,37033],{},[15,86864,84658],{},[15,86866,41118],{},[15,86868,83359],{},[244,86870,5785,86872,86874,86875,3143],{"id":86871},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86873,1099],{}," do in ",[15,86876,84658],{},[20,86878,86879,86881,86882,86884],{},[15,86880,1099],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86883,83912],{}," compares strings by length.",[244,86886,5823,86888,5036,86890,3143],{"id":86887},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86889,84658],{},[15,86891,74847],{},[20,86893,86894,86896,86897,86899],{},[15,86895,84658],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86898,74847],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[33,86901,2526],{"id":2525},[174,86903,86904,86910,86916,86922,86926,86930],{},[177,86905,86906],{},[210,86907,86908,4159],{"href":86686},[15,86909,83004],{},[177,86911,86912],{},[210,86913,86914,4159],{"href":74944},[15,86915,74847],{},[177,86917,86918],{},[210,86919,86920,4159],{"href":42773},[15,86921,42776],{},[177,86923,86924],{},[210,86925,80296],{"href":78799},[177,86927,86928],{},[210,86929,59377],{"href":59376},[177,86931,86932],{},[210,86933,66262],{"href":73301},[2563,86935,86936],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":86938},[86939,86940,86942,86948,86950,86952,86957,86959,86965,86967,86968,86979],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":85142,"depth":98,"text":86941},"What min() does",{"id":85163,"depth":98,"text":85164,"children":86943},[86944,86945,86946,86947],{"id":85248,"depth":135,"text":85251},{"id":85310,"depth":135,"text":85313},{"id":85360,"depth":135,"text":85363},{"id":85454,"depth":135,"text":85457},{"id":85516,"depth":98,"text":86949},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85651,"depth":98,"text":86951},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85798,"depth":98,"text":86953,"children":86954},"Using min() with a key function",[86955,86956],{"id":85826,"depth":135,"text":85827},{"id":85901,"depth":135,"text":85902},{"id":86123,"depth":98,"text":86958},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11379,"depth":98,"text":11380,"children":86960},[86961,86963,86964],{"id":86265,"depth":135,"text":86962},"Empty list without default",{"id":86355,"depth":135,"text":86356},{"id":86508,"depth":135,"text":86509},{"id":86655,"depth":98,"text":86966},"When to use min()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":86969},[86970,86972,86974,86975,86977],{"id":86845,"depth":135,"text":86971},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86853,"depth":135,"text":86973},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72068,"depth":135,"text":72069},{"id":86871,"depth":135,"text":86976},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86887,"depth":135,"text":86978},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85025,"description":86980},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86987,"title":86988,"body":86989,"description":89168,"extension":2611,"meta":89169,"navigation":357,"path":89170,"seo":89171,"stem":89172,"__hash__":89173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86990,"toc":89132},[86991,86994,87000,87006,87008,87089,87098,87102,87107,87109,87154,87156,87236,87242,87244,87247,87279,87281,87299,87301,87374,87376,87395,87399,87402,87438,87440,87507,87581,87654,87659,87663,87669,87672,87689,87692,87694,87755,87757,87777,87783,87787,87790,87860,87863,87882,87887,87963,87966,87970,87976,87980,87985,88055,88059,88064,88138,88142,88145,88220,88231,88235,88240,88330,88335,88403,88406,88425,88436,88440,88443,88448,88451,88513,88516,88527,88532,88535,88538,88543,88546,88549,88553,88556,88562,88565,88576,88578,88640,88655,88661,88664,88667,88678,88689,88695,88698,88700,88762,88772,88778,88783,88789,88793,88799,88802,88823,88825,88830,88857,88860,88887,88890,88929,88932,88970,88973,89034,89037,89039,89043,89046,89050,89056,89064,89072,89076,89079,89083,89089,89091,89129],[10,86992,86988],{"id":86993},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86995,86996,86999],{},[15,86997,86998],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87001,87002,87003,87005],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87004,86998],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[33,87007,36],{"id":35},[38,87009,87011],{"className":40,"code":87010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87012,87013,87062,87078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87014,87015,87018,87021,87023,87025,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87043,87045,87047,87050,87052,87054,87056,87060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87016,87017],{"class":1107},"with",[47,87019,87020],{"class":138}," open",[47,87022,117],{"class":61},[47,87024,66],{"class":65},[47,87026,87027],{"class":69},"example.txt",[47,87029,66],{"class":65},[47,87031,75],{"class":61},[47,87033,78],{"class":65},[47,87035,60927],{"class":69},[47,87037,66],{"class":65},[47,87039,75],{"class":61},[47,87041,87042],{"class":9818}," encoding",[47,87044,58],{"class":57},[47,87046,66],{"class":65},[47,87048,87049],{"class":69},"utf-8",[47,87051,66],{"class":65},[47,87053,4313],{"class":61},[47,87055,47775],{"class":1107},[47,87057,87059],{"class":87058},"sMMDD"," file",[47,87061,7038],{"class":61},[47,87063,87064,87067,87069,87071,87073,87076],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87065,87066],{"class":53},"    content ",[47,87068,58],{"class":57},[47,87070,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87072,110],{"class":61},[47,87074,87075],{"class":113},"read",[47,87077,9288],{"class":61},[47,87079,87080,87082,87084,87087],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87081,8715],{"class":138},[47,87083,117],{"class":61},[47,87085,87086],{"class":113},"content",[47,87088,132],{"class":61},[20,87090,156,87091,87093,87094,87097],{},[15,87092,87017],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87095,87096],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[33,87099,87101],{"id":87100},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87103,87104,87106],{},[15,87105,86998],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87108,12092],{},[174,87110,87111,87114,87119,87124],{},[177,87112,87113],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[177,87115,41320,87116,87118],{},[278,87117,1369],{}," read or write anything by itself",[177,87120,276,87121],{},[278,87122,87123],{},"file object",[177,87125,87126,87127],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[174,87128,87129,87134,87139,87144,87149],{},[177,87130,87131],{},[15,87132,87133],{},"read()",[177,87135,87136],{},[15,87137,87138],{},"readline()",[177,87140,87141],{},[15,87142,87143],{},"readlines()",[177,87145,87146],{},[15,87147,87148],{},"write()",[177,87150,87151],{},[15,87152,87153],{},"close()",[20,87155,603],{},[38,87157,87159],{"className":40,"code":87158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87160,87161,87200,87215,87225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87162,87163,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87164,87165],{"class":87058},"file",[47,87167,681],{"class":57},[47,87169,87020],{"class":138},[47,87171,117],{"class":61},[47,87173,66],{"class":65},[47,87175,87027],{"class":69},[47,87177,66],{"class":65},[47,87179,75],{"class":61},[47,87181,78],{"class":65},[47,87183,60927],{"class":69},[47,87185,66],{"class":65},[47,87187,75],{"class":61},[47,87189,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87191,58],{"class":57},[47,87193,66],{"class":65},[47,87195,87049],{"class":69},[47,87197,66],{"class":65},[47,87199,132],{"class":61},[47,87201,87202,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87203,87204],{"class":53},"content ",[47,87206,58],{"class":57},[47,87208,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87210,110],{"class":61},[47,87212,87075],{"class":113},[47,87214,9288],{"class":61},[47,87216,87217,87219,87221,87223],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87218,139],{"class":138},[47,87220,117],{"class":61},[47,87222,87086],{"class":113},[47,87224,132],{"class":61},[47,87226,87227,87229,87231,87234],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,87228,87165],{"class":87058},[47,87230,110],{"class":61},[47,87232,87233],{"class":113},"close",[47,87235,9288],{"class":61},[20,87237,87238,87239,87241],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87240,87017],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[33,87243,2806],{"id":2805},[20,87245,87246],{},"A common form is:",[38,87248,87250],{"className":40,"code":87249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87251,87252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87253,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87255,42842],{"class":138},[47,87257,117],{"class":61},[47,87259,87165],{"class":87058},[47,87261,75],{"class":61},[47,87263,87264],{"class":113}," mode",[47,87266,75],{"class":61},[47,87268,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87270,58],{"class":57},[47,87272,66],{"class":65},[47,87274,87049],{"class":69},[47,87276,66],{"class":65},[47,87278,132],{"class":61},[20,87280,65468],{},[174,87282,87283,87288,87293],{},[177,87284,87285,87287],{},[15,87286,87165],{}," is the file name or file path",[177,87289,87290,87292],{},[15,87291,21320],{}," controls how the file is opened",[177,87294,87295,87298],{},[15,87296,87297],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87300,603],{},[38,87302,87304],{"className":40,"code":87303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87305,87306,87349,87364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87307,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87309,87017],{"class":1107},[47,87311,87020],{"class":138},[47,87313,117],{"class":61},[47,87315,66],{"class":65},[47,87317,87318],{"class":69},"notes.txt",[47,87320,66],{"class":65},[47,87322,75],{"class":61},[47,87324,78],{"class":65},[47,87326,60927],{"class":69},[47,87328,66],{"class":65},[47,87330,75],{"class":61},[47,87332,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87334,58],{"class":57},[47,87336,66],{"class":65},[47,87338,87049],{"class":69},[47,87340,66],{"class":65},[47,87342,4313],{"class":61},[47,87344,47775],{"class":1107},[47,87346,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87348,7038],{"class":61},[47,87350,87351,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87352,87353],{"class":53},"    text ",[47,87355,58],{"class":57},[47,87357,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87359,110],{"class":61},[47,87361,87075],{"class":113},[47,87363,9288],{"class":61},[47,87365,87366,87368,87370,87372],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87367,8715],{"class":138},[47,87369,117],{"class":61},[47,87371,35117],{"class":113},[47,87373,132],{"class":61},[20,87375,20358],{},[174,87377,87378,87384,87389],{},[177,87379,87380,87383],{},[15,87381,87382],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[177,87385,87386,87388],{},[15,87387,87096],{}," means open for reading",[177,87390,87391,87394],{},[15,87392,87393],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[33,87396,87398],{"id":87397},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87400,87401],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[174,87403,87404,87409,87415,87420,87426,87432],{},[177,87405,87406,87408],{},[15,87407,87096],{}," = read a text file",[177,87410,87411,87414],{},[15,87412,87413],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[177,87416,87417,87419],{},[15,87418,994],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[177,87421,87422,87425],{},[15,87423,87424],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[177,87427,87428,87431],{},[15,87429,87430],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[177,87433,87434,87437],{},[15,87435,87436],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87439,1237],{},[38,87441,87443],{"className":40,"code":87442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87444,87445,87450,87493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87446,87447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87448,87449],{"class":152},"# Read a text file\n",[47,87451,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87453,87017],{"class":1107},[47,87455,87020],{"class":138},[47,87457,117],{"class":61},[47,87459,66],{"class":65},[47,87461,87462],{"class":69},"data.txt",[47,87464,66],{"class":65},[47,87466,75],{"class":61},[47,87468,78],{"class":65},[47,87470,60927],{"class":69},[47,87472,66],{"class":65},[47,87474,75],{"class":61},[47,87476,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87478,58],{"class":57},[47,87480,66],{"class":65},[47,87482,87049],{"class":69},[47,87484,66],{"class":65},[47,87486,4313],{"class":61},[47,87488,47775],{"class":1107},[47,87490,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87492,7038],{"class":61},[47,87494,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87496,8715],{"class":138},[47,87498,117],{"class":61},[47,87500,87165],{"class":87058},[47,87502,110],{"class":61},[47,87504,87075],{"class":113},[47,87506,7839],{"class":61},[38,87508,87510],{"className":40,"code":87509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87511,87512,87517,87559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87513,87514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87515,87516],{"class":152},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[47,87518,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87520,87017],{"class":1107},[47,87522,87020],{"class":138},[47,87524,117],{"class":61},[47,87526,66],{"class":65},[47,87528,87462],{"class":69},[47,87530,66],{"class":65},[47,87532,75],{"class":61},[47,87534,78],{"class":65},[47,87536,60910],{"class":69},[47,87538,66],{"class":65},[47,87540,75],{"class":61},[47,87542,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87544,58],{"class":57},[47,87546,66],{"class":65},[47,87548,87049],{"class":69},[47,87550,66],{"class":65},[47,87552,4313],{"class":61},[47,87554,47775],{"class":1107},[47,87556,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87558,7038],{"class":61},[47,87560,87561,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87577,87579],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87562,87563],{"class":87058},"    file",[47,87565,110],{"class":61},[47,87567,70618],{"class":113},[47,87569,117],{"class":61},[47,87571,66],{"class":65},[47,87573,35276],{"class":69},[47,87575,87576],{"class":34861},"\\n",[47,87578,66],{"class":65},[47,87580,132],{"class":61},[38,87582,87584],{"className":40,"code":87583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87585,87586,87591,87633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87587,87588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87589,87590],{"class":152},"# Append to a text file\n",[47,87592,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87594,87017],{"class":1107},[47,87596,87020],{"class":138},[47,87598,117],{"class":61},[47,87600,66],{"class":65},[47,87602,87462],{"class":69},[47,87604,66],{"class":65},[47,87606,75],{"class":61},[47,87608,78],{"class":65},[47,87610,210],{"class":69},[47,87612,66],{"class":65},[47,87614,75],{"class":61},[47,87616,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87618,58],{"class":57},[47,87620,66],{"class":65},[47,87622,87049],{"class":69},[47,87624,66],{"class":65},[47,87626,4313],{"class":61},[47,87628,47775],{"class":1107},[47,87630,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87632,7038],{"class":61},[47,87634,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87648,87650,87652],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87636,87563],{"class":87058},[47,87638,110],{"class":61},[47,87640,70618],{"class":113},[47,87642,117],{"class":61},[47,87644,66],{"class":65},[47,87646,87647],{"class":69},"Another line",[47,87649,87576],{"class":34861},[47,87651,66],{"class":65},[47,87653,132],{"class":61},[20,87655,69770,87656,87658],{},[15,87657,87413],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[33,87660,87662],{"id":87661},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87664,87665,22377,87667,110],{},[15,87666,86998],{},[278,87668,87123],{},[20,87670,87671],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[174,87673,87674,87679,87684],{},[177,87675,87676],{},[15,87677,87678],{},"file.read()",[177,87680,87681],{},[15,87682,87683],{},"file.write()",[177,87685,87686],{},[15,87687,87688],{},"file.close()",[20,87690,87691],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87693,603],{},[38,87695,87697],{"className":40,"code":87696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87698,87699,87741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87700,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87702,87017],{"class":1107},[47,87704,87020],{"class":138},[47,87706,117],{"class":61},[47,87708,66],{"class":65},[47,87710,87027],{"class":69},[47,87712,66],{"class":65},[47,87714,75],{"class":61},[47,87716,78],{"class":65},[47,87718,60927],{"class":69},[47,87720,66],{"class":65},[47,87722,75],{"class":61},[47,87724,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87726,58],{"class":57},[47,87728,66],{"class":65},[47,87730,87049],{"class":69},[47,87732,66],{"class":65},[47,87734,4313],{"class":61},[47,87736,47775],{"class":1107},[47,87738,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87740,7038],{"class":61},[47,87742,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87744,8715],{"class":138},[47,87746,117],{"class":61},[47,87748,2392],{"class":106},[47,87750,117],{"class":61},[47,87752,87165],{"class":87058},[47,87754,2266],{"class":61},[20,87756,30435],{},[38,87758,87760],{"className":40,"code":87759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87761,87762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87763,87764,87766,87768,87770,87773,87775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87765,3941],{"class":57},[47,87767,3944],{"class":2714},[47,87769,398],{"class":65},[47,87771,87772],{"class":69},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[47,87774,385],{"class":65},[47,87776,3953],{"class":57},[20,87778,87779,87780,87782],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87781,86998],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[33,87784,87786],{"id":87785},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87788,87789],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[38,87791,87792],{"className":40,"code":87010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87793,87794,87836,87850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87795,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87797,87017],{"class":1107},[47,87799,87020],{"class":138},[47,87801,117],{"class":61},[47,87803,66],{"class":65},[47,87805,87027],{"class":69},[47,87807,66],{"class":65},[47,87809,75],{"class":61},[47,87811,78],{"class":65},[47,87813,60927],{"class":69},[47,87815,66],{"class":65},[47,87817,75],{"class":61},[47,87819,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87821,58],{"class":57},[47,87823,66],{"class":65},[47,87825,87049],{"class":69},[47,87827,66],{"class":65},[47,87829,4313],{"class":61},[47,87831,47775],{"class":1107},[47,87833,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87835,7038],{"class":61},[47,87837,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87839,87066],{"class":53},[47,87841,58],{"class":57},[47,87843,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87845,110],{"class":61},[47,87847,87075],{"class":113},[47,87849,9288],{"class":61},[47,87851,87852,87854,87856,87858],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87853,8715],{"class":138},[47,87855,117],{"class":61},[47,87857,87086],{"class":113},[47,87859,132],{"class":61},[20,87861,87862],{},"Why this is recommended:",[174,87864,87865,87870,87876,87879],{},[177,87866,87867,87869],{},[15,87868,87017],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[177,87871,87872,87873,87875],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87874,87153],{}," yourself",[177,87877,87878],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[177,87880,87881],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87883,84175,87884,87886],{},[15,87885,87017],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[38,87888,87889],{"className":40,"code":87158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87890,87891,87929,87943,87953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87892,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87913,87915,87917,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87894,87165],{"class":87058},[47,87896,681],{"class":57},[47,87898,87020],{"class":138},[47,87900,117],{"class":61},[47,87902,66],{"class":65},[47,87904,87027],{"class":69},[47,87906,66],{"class":65},[47,87908,75],{"class":61},[47,87910,78],{"class":65},[47,87912,60927],{"class":69},[47,87914,66],{"class":65},[47,87916,75],{"class":61},[47,87918,87042],{"class":9818},[47,87920,58],{"class":57},[47,87922,66],{"class":65},[47,87924,87049],{"class":69},[47,87926,66],{"class":65},[47,87928,132],{"class":61},[47,87930,87931,87933,87935,87937,87939,87941],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,87932,87204],{"class":53},[47,87934,58],{"class":57},[47,87936,87059],{"class":87058},[47,87938,110],{"class":61},[47,87940,87075],{"class":113},[47,87942,9288],{"class":61},[47,87944,87945,87947,87949,87951],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,87946,139],{"class":138},[47,87948,117],{"class":61},[47,87950,87086],{"class":113},[47,87952,132],{"class":61},[47,87954,87955,87957,87959,87961],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,87956,87165],{"class":87058},[47,87958,110],{"class":61},[47,87960,87233],{"class":113},[47,87962,9288],{"class":61},[20,87964,87965],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[33,87967,87969],{"id":87968},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87971,87972,87973,87975],{},"Use mode ",[15,87974,87096],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[244,87977,87979],{"id":87978},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87981,87982,87984],{},[15,87983,87133],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[38,87986,87987],{"className":40,"code":87010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87988,87989,88031,88045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87990,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023,88025,88027,88029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87992,87017],{"class":1107},[47,87994,87020],{"class":138},[47,87996,117],{"class":61},[47,87998,66],{"class":65},[47,88000,87027],{"class":69},[47,88002,66],{"class":65},[47,88004,75],{"class":61},[47,88006,78],{"class":65},[47,88008,60927],{"class":69},[47,88010,66],{"class":65},[47,88012,75],{"class":61},[47,88014,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88016,58],{"class":57},[47,88018,66],{"class":65},[47,88020,87049],{"class":69},[47,88022,66],{"class":65},[47,88024,4313],{"class":61},[47,88026,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88028,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88030,7038],{"class":61},[47,88032,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041,88043],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88034,87066],{"class":53},[47,88036,58],{"class":57},[47,88038,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88040,110],{"class":61},[47,88042,87075],{"class":113},[47,88044,9288],{"class":61},[47,88046,88047,88049,88051,88053],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,88048,8715],{"class":138},[47,88050,117],{"class":61},[47,88052,87086],{"class":113},[47,88054,132],{"class":61},[244,88056,88058],{"id":88057},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88060,88061,88063],{},[15,88062,87138],{}," reads one line at a time.",[38,88065,88067],{"className":40,"code":88066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88068,88069,88111,88127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88070,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103,88105,88107,88109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88072,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88074,87020],{"class":138},[47,88076,117],{"class":61},[47,88078,66],{"class":65},[47,88080,87027],{"class":69},[47,88082,66],{"class":65},[47,88084,75],{"class":61},[47,88086,78],{"class":65},[47,88088,60927],{"class":69},[47,88090,66],{"class":65},[47,88092,75],{"class":61},[47,88094,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88096,58],{"class":57},[47,88098,66],{"class":65},[47,88100,87049],{"class":69},[47,88102,66],{"class":65},[47,88104,4313],{"class":61},[47,88106,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88108,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88110,7038],{"class":61},[47,88112,88113,88116,88118,88120,88122,88125],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88114,88115],{"class":53},"    first_line ",[47,88117,58],{"class":57},[47,88119,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88121,110],{"class":61},[47,88123,88124],{"class":113},"readline",[47,88126,9288],{"class":61},[47,88128,88129,88131,88133,88136],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,88130,8715],{"class":138},[47,88132,117],{"class":61},[47,88134,88135],{"class":113},"first_line",[47,88137,132],{"class":61},[244,88139,88141],{"id":88140},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88143,88144],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[38,88146,88148],{"className":40,"code":88147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88149,88150,88192,88206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88151,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88153,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88155,87020],{"class":138},[47,88157,117],{"class":61},[47,88159,66],{"class":65},[47,88161,87027],{"class":69},[47,88163,66],{"class":65},[47,88165,75],{"class":61},[47,88167,78],{"class":65},[47,88169,60927],{"class":69},[47,88171,66],{"class":65},[47,88173,75],{"class":61},[47,88175,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88177,58],{"class":57},[47,88179,66],{"class":65},[47,88181,87049],{"class":69},[47,88183,66],{"class":65},[47,88185,4313],{"class":61},[47,88187,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88189,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88191,7038],{"class":61},[47,88193,88194,88197,88200,88202,88204],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88195,88196],{"class":1107},"    for",[47,88198,88199],{"class":53}," line ",[47,88201,1114],{"class":1107},[47,88203,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88205,7038],{"class":61},[47,88207,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,88209,47755],{"class":138},[47,88211,117],{"class":61},[47,88213,49],{"class":113},[47,88215,110],{"class":61},[47,88217,9279],{"class":113},[47,88219,7839],{"class":61},[20,88221,88222,88223,3530,88227,110],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[210,88224,88226],{"href":88225},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[210,88228,88230],{"href":88229},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[33,88232,88234],{"id":88233},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88236,156,88237,88239],{},[15,88238,87413],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[38,88241,88243],{"className":40,"code":88242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88244,88245,88288,88309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88246,88247,88249,88251,88253,88255,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88248,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88250,87020],{"class":138},[47,88252,117],{"class":61},[47,88254,66],{"class":65},[47,88256,88257],{"class":69},"output.txt",[47,88259,66],{"class":65},[47,88261,75],{"class":61},[47,88263,78],{"class":65},[47,88265,60910],{"class":69},[47,88267,66],{"class":65},[47,88269,75],{"class":61},[47,88271,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88273,58],{"class":57},[47,88275,66],{"class":65},[47,88277,87049],{"class":69},[47,88279,66],{"class":65},[47,88281,4313],{"class":61},[47,88283,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88285,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88287,7038],{"class":61},[47,88289,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88303,88305,88307],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88291,87563],{"class":87058},[47,88293,110],{"class":61},[47,88295,70618],{"class":113},[47,88297,117],{"class":61},[47,88299,66],{"class":65},[47,88301,88302],{"class":69},"First line",[47,88304,87576],{"class":34861},[47,88306,66],{"class":65},[47,88308,132],{"class":61},[47,88310,88311,88313,88315,88317,88319,88321,88324,88326,88328],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,88312,87563],{"class":87058},[47,88314,110],{"class":61},[47,88316,70618],{"class":113},[47,88318,117],{"class":61},[47,88320,66],{"class":65},[47,88322,88323],{"class":69},"Second line",[47,88325,87576],{"class":34861},[47,88327,66],{"class":65},[47,88329,132],{"class":61},[20,88331,156,88332,88334],{},[15,88333,994],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[38,88336,88338],{"className":40,"code":88337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88339,88340,88382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88341,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378,88380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88343,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88345,87020],{"class":138},[47,88347,117],{"class":61},[47,88349,66],{"class":65},[47,88351,88257],{"class":69},[47,88353,66],{"class":65},[47,88355,75],{"class":61},[47,88357,78],{"class":65},[47,88359,210],{"class":69},[47,88361,66],{"class":65},[47,88363,75],{"class":61},[47,88365,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88367,58],{"class":57},[47,88369,66],{"class":65},[47,88371,87049],{"class":69},[47,88373,66],{"class":65},[47,88375,4313],{"class":61},[47,88377,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88379,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88381,7038],{"class":61},[47,88383,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88397,88399,88401],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88385,87563],{"class":87058},[47,88387,110],{"class":61},[47,88389,70618],{"class":113},[47,88391,117],{"class":61},[47,88393,66],{"class":65},[47,88395,88396],{"class":69},"Third line",[47,88398,87576],{"class":34861},[47,88400,66],{"class":65},[47,88402,132],{"class":61},[20,88404,88405],{},"Important detail:",[174,88407,88408,88413,88420],{},[177,88409,88410,88412],{},[15,88411,87148],{}," writes a string",[177,88414,88415,14668,88417,88419],{},[15,88416,87148],{},[278,88418,1369],{}," add a newline for you",[177,88421,88422,88423,87875],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88424,87576],{},[20,88426,88427,88428,3530,88432,110],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[210,88429,88431],{"href":88430},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[210,88433,88435],{"href":88434},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[33,88437,88439],{"id":88438},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88441,88442],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[244,88444,88446],{"id":88445},"encodingutf-8",[15,88447,87393],{},[20,88449,88450],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[38,88452,88454],{"className":40,"code":88453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88455,88456,88499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88457,88458,88460,88462,88464,88466,88469,88471,88473,88475,88477,88479,88481,88483,88485,88487,88489,88491,88493,88495,88497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88459,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88461,87020],{"class":138},[47,88463,117],{"class":61},[47,88465,66],{"class":65},[47,88467,88468],{"class":69},"message.txt",[47,88470,66],{"class":65},[47,88472,75],{"class":61},[47,88474,78],{"class":65},[47,88476,60927],{"class":69},[47,88478,66],{"class":65},[47,88480,75],{"class":61},[47,88482,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88484,58],{"class":57},[47,88486,66],{"class":65},[47,88488,87049],{"class":69},[47,88490,66],{"class":65},[47,88492,4313],{"class":61},[47,88494,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88496,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88498,7038],{"class":61},[47,88500,88501,88503,88505,88507,88509,88511],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88502,8715],{"class":138},[47,88504,117],{"class":61},[47,88506,87165],{"class":87058},[47,88508,110],{"class":61},[47,88510,87075],{"class":113},[47,88512,7839],{"class":61},[20,88514,88515],{},"Why it matters:",[174,88517,88518,88521,88524],{},[177,88519,88520],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[177,88522,88523],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[177,88525,88526],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[244,88528,88530],{"id":88529},"newline",[15,88531,88529],{},[20,88533,88534],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88536,88537],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[244,88539,88541],{"id":88540},"buffering",[15,88542,88540],{},[20,88544,88545],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88547,88548],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[33,88550,88552],{"id":88551},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88554,88555],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[244,88557,88559],{"id":88558},"filenotfounderror",[15,88560,88561],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88563,88564],{},"This happens when:",[174,88566,88567,88570,88573],{},[177,88568,88569],{},"the file does not exist",[177,88571,88572],{},"the path is wrong",[177,88574,88575],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88577,603],{},[38,88579,88581],{"className":40,"code":88580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88582,88583,88626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88584,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604,88606,88608,88610,88612,88614,88616,88618,88620,88622,88624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88586,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88588,87020],{"class":138},[47,88590,117],{"class":61},[47,88592,66],{"class":65},[47,88594,88595],{"class":69},"missing.txt",[47,88597,66],{"class":65},[47,88599,75],{"class":61},[47,88601,78],{"class":65},[47,88603,60927],{"class":69},[47,88605,66],{"class":65},[47,88607,75],{"class":61},[47,88609,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88611,58],{"class":57},[47,88613,66],{"class":65},[47,88615,87049],{"class":69},[47,88617,66],{"class":65},[47,88619,4313],{"class":61},[47,88621,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88623,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88625,7038],{"class":61},[47,88627,88628,88630,88632,88634,88636,88638],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88629,8715],{"class":138},[47,88631,117],{"class":61},[47,88633,87165],{"class":87058},[47,88635,110],{"class":61},[47,88637,87075],{"class":113},[47,88639,7839],{"class":61},[20,88641,88642,88643,5036,88651,110],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[210,88644,88646,88647,88650],{"href":88645},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[47,88648,88649],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[210,88652,88654],{"href":88653},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[244,88656,88658],{"id":88657},"permissionerror",[15,88659,88660],{},"PermissionError",[20,88662,88663],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88665,88666],{},"Example causes:",[174,88668,88669,88672,88675],{},[177,88670,88671],{},"the file is protected",[177,88673,88674],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[177,88676,88677],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88679,88680,88681],{},"Related page: ",[210,88682,88684,88685,88688],{"href":88683},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[47,88686,88687],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[244,88690,88692],{"id":88691},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88693,88694],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88696,88697],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88699,603],{},[38,88701,88703],{"className":40,"code":88702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88704,88705,88748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88706,88707,88709,88711,88713,88715,88718,88720,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88708,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88710,87020],{"class":138},[47,88712,117],{"class":61},[47,88714,66],{"class":65},[47,88716,88717],{"class":69},"my_folder",[47,88719,66],{"class":65},[47,88721,75],{"class":61},[47,88723,78],{"class":65},[47,88725,60927],{"class":69},[47,88727,66],{"class":65},[47,88729,75],{"class":61},[47,88731,87042],{"class":9818},[47,88733,58],{"class":57},[47,88735,66],{"class":65},[47,88737,87049],{"class":69},[47,88739,66],{"class":65},[47,88741,4313],{"class":61},[47,88743,47775],{"class":1107},[47,88745,87059],{"class":87058},[47,88747,7038],{"class":61},[47,88749,88750,88752,88754,88756,88758,88760],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88751,8715],{"class":138},[47,88753,117],{"class":61},[47,88755,87165],{"class":87058},[47,88757,110],{"class":61},[47,88759,87075],{"class":113},[47,88761,7839],{"class":61},[20,88763,88680,88764],{},[210,88765,88767,88768,88771],{"href":88766},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[47,88769,88770],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[244,88773,88775],{"id":88774},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88776,88777],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88779,88780,88781,110],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88782,86998],{},[20,88784,88680,88785],{},[210,88786,88788],{"href":88787},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[33,88790,88792],{"id":88791},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88794,88795,88796,88798],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88797,86998],{}," function.",[20,88800,88801],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[174,88803,88804,88807,88810,88816],{},[177,88805,88806],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[177,88808,88809],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[177,88811,88812,88813,88815],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88814,86998],{}," itself",[177,88817,88818,88819],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[210,88820,88822],{"href":88821},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[33,88824,1641],{"id":1640},[20,88826,88827,88828,172],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88829,86998],{},[174,88831,88832,88837,88843,88848,88851,88854],{},[177,88833,453,88834,88836],{},[15,88835,87096],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[177,88838,88839,88840,88842],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88841,87297],{}," for text files",[177,88844,453,88845,88847],{},[15,88846,87413],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[177,88849,88850],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[177,88852,88853],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[177,88855,88856],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88858,88859],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[38,88861,88863],{"className":40,"code":88862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88864,88865,88872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88866,88867,88869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88868,35500],{"class":1107},[47,88870,88871],{"class":53}," os\n",[47,88873,88874,88876,88878,88880,88882,88885],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88875,139],{"class":138},[47,88877,117],{"class":61},[47,88879,43041],{"class":113},[47,88881,110],{"class":61},[47,88883,88884],{"class":113},"getcwd",[47,88886,7839],{"class":61},[20,88888,88889],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[38,88891,88893],{"className":40,"code":88892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88894,88895,88901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88896,88897,88899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88898,35500],{"class":1107},[47,88900,88871],{"class":53},[47,88902,88903,88905,88907,88909,88911,88914,88916,88919,88921,88923,88925,88927],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88904,139],{"class":138},[47,88906,117],{"class":61},[47,88908,43041],{"class":113},[47,88910,110],{"class":61},[47,88912,88913],{"class":25153},"path",[47,88915,110],{"class":61},[47,88917,88918],{"class":113},"exists",[47,88920,117],{"class":61},[47,88922,66],{"class":65},[47,88924,87027],{"class":69},[47,88926,66],{"class":65},[47,88928,2266],{"class":61},[20,88930,88931],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[38,88933,88935],{"className":40,"code":88934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88936,88937,88943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88938,88939,88941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88940,35500],{"class":1107},[47,88942,88871],{"class":53},[47,88944,88945,88947,88949,88951,88953,88955,88957,88960,88962,88964,88966,88968],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,88946,139],{"class":138},[47,88948,117],{"class":61},[47,88950,43041],{"class":113},[47,88952,110],{"class":61},[47,88954,88913],{"class":25153},[47,88956,110],{"class":61},[47,88958,88959],{"class":113},"isfile",[47,88961,117],{"class":61},[47,88963,66],{"class":65},[47,88965,87027],{"class":69},[47,88967,66],{"class":65},[47,88969,2266],{"class":61},[20,88971,88972],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[38,88974,88976],{"className":40,"code":88975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88977,88978,89020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88979,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988,88990,88992,88994,88996,88998,89000,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012,89014,89016,89018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88981,87017],{"class":1107},[47,88983,87020],{"class":138},[47,88985,117],{"class":61},[47,88987,66],{"class":65},[47,88989,87027],{"class":69},[47,88991,66],{"class":65},[47,88993,75],{"class":61},[47,88995,78],{"class":65},[47,88997,60927],{"class":69},[47,88999,66],{"class":65},[47,89001,75],{"class":61},[47,89003,87042],{"class":9818},[47,89005,58],{"class":57},[47,89007,66],{"class":65},[47,89009,87049],{"class":69},[47,89011,66],{"class":65},[47,89013,4313],{"class":61},[47,89015,47775],{"class":1107},[47,89017,87059],{"class":87058},[47,89019,7038],{"class":61},[47,89021,89022,89024,89026,89028,89030,89032],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89023,8715],{"class":138},[47,89025,117],{"class":61},[47,89027,87165],{"class":87058},[47,89029,110],{"class":61},[47,89031,87075],{"class":113},[47,89033,7839],{"class":61},[20,89035,89036],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[33,89038,2429],{"id":2428},[244,89040,89042],{"id":89041},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89044,89045],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[244,89047,89049],{"id":89048},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89051,89052,89053,89055],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89054,87017],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[244,89057,5823,89059,5036,89061,89063],{"id":89058},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89060,87413],{},[15,89062,994],{}," mode?",[20,89065,89066,89068,89069,89071],{},[15,89067,87413],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89070,994],{}," adds new content to the end.",[244,89073,89075],{"id":89074},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89077,89078],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[244,89080,89082],{"id":89081},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89084,89085,89086,89088],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89087,87393],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[33,89090,2526],{"id":2525},[174,89092,89093,89097,89101,89105,89109,89113,89117,89123],{},[177,89094,89095],{},[210,89096,88226],{"href":88225},[177,89098,89099],{},[210,89100,88431],{"href":88430},[177,89102,89103],{},[210,89104,88435],{"href":88434},[177,89106,89107],{},[210,89108,88230],{"href":88229},[177,89110,89111],{},[210,89112,88822],{"href":88821},[177,89114,89115],{},[210,89116,88654],{"href":88653},[177,89118,89119],{},[210,89120,88646,89121,88650],{"href":88645},[47,89122,88649],{},[177,89124,89125],{},[210,89126,88684,89127,88688],{"href":88683},[47,89128,88687],{},[2563,89130,89131],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":89133},[89134,89135,89136,89137,89138,89139,89140,89145,89146,89151,89157,89158,89159,89167],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":87100,"depth":98,"text":87101},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":87397,"depth":98,"text":87398},{"id":87661,"depth":98,"text":87662},{"id":87785,"depth":98,"text":87786},{"id":87968,"depth":98,"text":87969,"children":89141},[89142,89143,89144],{"id":87978,"depth":135,"text":87979},{"id":88057,"depth":135,"text":88058},{"id":88140,"depth":135,"text":88141},{"id":88233,"depth":98,"text":88234},{"id":88438,"depth":98,"text":88439,"children":89147},[89148,89149,89150],{"id":88445,"depth":135,"text":87393},{"id":88529,"depth":135,"text":88529},{"id":88540,"depth":135,"text":88540},{"id":88551,"depth":98,"text":88552,"children":89152},[89153,89154,89155,89156],{"id":88558,"depth":135,"text":88561},{"id":88657,"depth":135,"text":88660},{"id":88691,"depth":135,"text":88694},{"id":88774,"depth":135,"text":88777},{"id":88791,"depth":98,"text":88792},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":89160},[89161,89162,89163,89165,89166],{"id":89041,"depth":135,"text":89042},{"id":89048,"depth":135,"text":89049},{"id":89058,"depth":135,"text":89164},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89074,"depth":135,"text":89075},{"id":89081,"depth":135,"text":89082},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86988,"description":89168},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89175,"title":89176,"body":89177,"description":91172,"extension":2611,"meta":91173,"navigation":357,"path":91174,"seo":91175,"stem":91176,"__hash__":91177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89178,"toc":91119},[89179,89184,89189,89195,89197,89265,89267,89286,89291,89296,89301,89304,89316,89318,89361,89363,89381,89392,89394,89396,89421,89423,89434,89436,89496,89498,89524,89527,89531,89536,89540,89543,89577,89581,89584,89609,89613,89636,89640,89673,89678,89682,89687,89690,89758,89760,89784,89789,89792,89823,89825,89857,89874,89878,89883,89907,89914,89919,89924,89927,89931,89966,89968,89977,89981,90072,90074,90105,90110,90117,90122,90131,90134,90168,90170,90184,90188,90229,90231,90240,90244,90292,90294,90308,90313,90324,90331,90337,90339,90374,90376,90390,90393,90415,90421,90450,90461,90467,90473,90487,90489,90568,90570,90620,90627,90629,90634,90638,90641,90656,90661,90663,90682,90688,90691,90706,90708,90726,90732,90737,90767,90770,90793,90796,90823,90830,90836,90844,90867,90872,90880,90882,90902,90906,90912,90962,90965,90987,90989,90995,91003,91009,91015,91023,91028,91032,91035,91058,91063,91070,91082,91084,91116],[10,89180,4226,89182,4230],{"id":89181},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89183,46869],{},[20,89185,32724,89186,89188],{},[15,89187,46869],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89190,89191,89192,89194],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89193,46869],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[33,89196,36],{"id":35},[38,89198,89200],{"className":40,"code":89199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89201,89202,89214,89223,89227,89237,89247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89203,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89205,8523],{"class":53},[47,89207,58],{"class":57},[47,89209,78],{"class":65},[47,89211,8568],{"class":69},[47,89213,689],{"class":65},[47,89215,89216,89218,89220],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89217,22030],{"class":53},[47,89219,58],{"class":57},[47,89221,89222],{"class":349}," 12\n",[47,89224,89225],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,89226,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,89228,89229,89231,89233,89235],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,89230,139],{"class":138},[47,89232,117],{"class":61},[47,89234,70],{"class":113},[47,89236,132],{"class":61},[47,89238,89239,89241,89243,89245],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,89240,139],{"class":138},[47,89242,117],{"class":61},[47,89244,81],{"class":113},[47,89246,132],{"class":61},[47,89248,89249,89251,89253,89255,89257,89259,89261,89263],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,89250,139],{"class":138},[47,89252,117],{"class":61},[47,89254,66],{"class":65},[47,89256,35276],{"class":69},[47,89258,66],{"class":65},[47,89260,75],{"class":61},[47,89262,36402],{"class":113},[47,89264,132],{"class":61},[20,89266,372],{},[38,89268,89270],{"className":40,"code":89269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89271,89272,89277,89281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89273,89274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89275,89276],{"class":53},"Mia\n",[47,89278,89279],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89280,2874],{"class":349},[47,89282,89283],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,89284,89285],{"class":53},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89287,156,89288,89290],{},[15,89289,46869],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[33,89292,164,89294,167],{"id":89293},"what-print-does",[15,89295,46869],{},[20,89297,89298,89300],{},[15,89299,46869],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89302,89303],{},"You can use it to display:",[174,89305,89306,89308,89310,89313],{},[177,89307,35117],{},[177,89309,4300],{},[177,89311,89312],{},"variables",[177,89314,89315],{},"expressions",[20,89317,603],{},[38,89319,89321],{"className":40,"code":89320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89322,89323,89337,89347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89324,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89326,139],{"class":138},[47,89328,117],{"class":61},[47,89330,66],{"class":65},[47,89332,35276],{"class":69},[47,89334,66],{"class":65},[47,89336,132],{"class":61},[47,89338,89339,89341,89343,89345],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89340,139],{"class":138},[47,89342,117],{"class":61},[47,89344,2784],{"class":349},[47,89346,132],{"class":61},[47,89348,89349,89351,89353,89355,89357,89359],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,89350,139],{"class":138},[47,89352,117],{"class":61},[47,89354,2705],{"class":349},[47,89356,3105],{"class":57},[47,89358,2414],{"class":349},[47,89360,132],{"class":61},[20,89362,372],{},[38,89364,89366],{"className":40,"code":89365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89367,89368,89373,89377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89369,89370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89371,89372],{"class":53},"Hello\n",[47,89374,89375],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89376,3598],{"class":349},[47,89378,89379],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,89380,3598],{"class":349},[20,89382,89383,89384,89386,89387,89391],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89385,46869],{}," ",[278,89388,4343,89389],{},[15,89390,269],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[33,89393,2806],{"id":2805},[20,89395,31131],{},[38,89397,89399],{"className":40,"code":89398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89400,89401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89402,89403,89405,89407,89410,89412,89415,89417,89419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89404,139],{"class":138},[47,89406,117],{"class":61},[47,89408,89409],{"class":113},"object1",[47,89411,75],{"class":61},[47,89413,89414],{"class":113}," object2",[47,89416,75],{"class":61},[47,89418,34862],{"class":138},[47,89420,132],{"class":61},[20,89422,80626],{},[174,89424,89425,89428,89431],{},[177,89426,89427],{},"one value",[177,89429,89430],{},"many values",[177,89432,89433],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89435,603],{},[38,89437,89439],{"className":40,"code":89438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89440,89441,89455,89474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89442,89443,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89444,139],{"class":138},[47,89446,117],{"class":61},[47,89448,66],{"class":65},[47,89450,58189],{"class":69},[47,89452,66],{"class":65},[47,89454,132],{"class":61},[47,89456,89457,89459,89461,89463,89466,89468,89470,89472],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89458,139],{"class":138},[47,89460,117],{"class":61},[47,89462,66],{"class":65},[47,89464,89465],{"class":69},"Score:",[47,89467,66],{"class":65},[47,89469,75],{"class":61},[47,89471,6648],{"class":349},[47,89473,132],{"class":61},[47,89475,89476,89478,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,89477,139],{"class":138},[47,89479,117],{"class":61},[47,89481,66],{"class":65},[47,89483,45980],{"class":69},[47,89485,66],{"class":65},[47,89487,75],{"class":61},[47,89489,3108],{"class":349},[47,89491,3105],{"class":57},[47,89493,38056],{"class":349},[47,89495,132],{"class":61},[20,89497,372],{},[38,89499,89501],{"className":40,"code":89500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89502,89503,89507,89516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89504,89505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89506,85779],{"class":53},[47,89508,89509,89512,89514],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89510,89511],{"class":53},"Score",[47,89513,172],{"class":61},[47,89515,3239],{"class":349},[47,89517,89518,89520,89522],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,89519,46020],{"class":53},[47,89521,172],{"class":61},[47,89523,3239],{"class":349},[20,89525,89526],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[33,89528,89530],{"id":89529},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89532,89533,89534,110],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89535,46869],{},[244,89537,89539],{"id":89538},"print-text","Print text",[20,89541,89542],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[38,89544,89546],{"className":40,"code":89545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89547,89548,89562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89549,89550,89552,89554,89556,89558,89560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89551,139],{"class":138},[47,89553,117],{"class":61},[47,89555,66],{"class":65},[47,89557,35276],{"class":69},[47,89559,66],{"class":65},[47,89561,132],{"class":61},[47,89563,89564,89566,89568,89570,89573,89575],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89565,139],{"class":138},[47,89567,117],{"class":61},[47,89569,66],{"class":65},[47,89571,89572],{"class":69},"Python is fun",[47,89574,66],{"class":65},[47,89576,132],{"class":61},[244,89578,89580],{"id":89579},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89582,89583],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[38,89585,89587],{"className":40,"code":89586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89588,89589,89599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89590,89591,89593,89595,89597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89592,139],{"class":138},[47,89594,117],{"class":61},[47,89596,2784],{"class":349},[47,89598,132],{"class":61},[47,89600,89601,89603,89605,89607],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89602,139],{"class":138},[47,89604,117],{"class":61},[47,89606,40557],{"class":349},[47,89608,132],{"class":61},[244,89610,89612],{"id":89611},"print-variables","Print variables",[38,89614,89616],{"className":40,"code":89615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89617,89618,89626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89619,89620,89622,89624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89621,5738],{"class":53},[47,89623,58],{"class":57},[47,89625,14745],{"class":349},[47,89627,89628,89630,89632,89634],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89629,139],{"class":138},[47,89631,117],{"class":61},[47,89633,85943],{"class":113},[47,89635,132],{"class":61},[244,89637,89639],{"id":89638},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[38,89641,89643],{"className":40,"code":89642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89644,89645,89659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89646,89647,89649,89651,89653,89655,89657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89648,139],{"class":138},[47,89650,117],{"class":61},[47,89652,2705],{"class":349},[47,89654,3105],{"class":57},[47,89656,2414],{"class":349},[47,89658,132],{"class":61},[47,89660,89661,89663,89665,89667,89669,89671],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89662,139],{"class":138},[47,89664,117],{"class":61},[47,89666,2981],{"class":349},[47,89668,83255],{"class":57},[47,89670,3108],{"class":349},[47,89672,132],{"class":61},[20,89674,89675,89676,110],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[210,89677,51395],{"href":51394},[33,89679,89681],{"id":89680},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89683,89684,89686],{},[15,89685,46869],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89688,89689],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[38,89691,89693],{"className":40,"code":89692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89694,89695,89708,89716,89720,89739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89696,89697,89699,89701,89703,89706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89698,8523],{"class":53},[47,89700,58],{"class":57},[47,89702,78],{"class":65},[47,89704,89705],{"class":69},"Ava",[47,89707,689],{"class":65},[47,89709,89710,89712,89714],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89711,22030],{"class":53},[47,89713,58],{"class":57},[47,89715,3239],{"class":349},[47,89717,89718],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,89719,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,89721,89722,89724,89726,89728,89731,89733,89735,89737],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,89723,139],{"class":138},[47,89725,117],{"class":61},[47,89727,66],{"class":65},[47,89729,89730],{"class":69},"Name:",[47,89732,66],{"class":65},[47,89734,75],{"class":61},[47,89736,36402],{"class":113},[47,89738,132],{"class":61},[47,89740,89741,89743,89745,89747,89750,89752,89754,89756],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,89742,139],{"class":138},[47,89744,117],{"class":61},[47,89746,66],{"class":65},[47,89748,89749],{"class":69},"Age:",[47,89751,66],{"class":65},[47,89753,75],{"class":61},[47,89755,9831],{"class":113},[47,89757,132],{"class":61},[20,89759,372],{},[38,89761,89763],{"className":40,"code":89762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89764,89765,89775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89766,89767,89770,89772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89768,89769],{"class":53},"Name",[47,89771,172],{"class":61},[47,89773,89774],{"class":53}," Ava\n",[47,89776,89777,89780,89782],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89778,89779],{"class":53},"Age",[47,89781,172],{"class":61},[47,89783,3239],{"class":349},[20,89785,89786,89787,110],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89788,2708],{},[20,89790,89791],{},"For example, this works:",[38,89793,89795],{"className":40,"code":89794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89796,89797,89805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89798,89799,89801,89803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89800,22030],{"class":53},[47,89802,58],{"class":57},[47,89804,3239],{"class":349},[47,89806,89807,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817,89819,89821],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89808,139],{"class":138},[47,89810,117],{"class":61},[47,89812,66],{"class":65},[47,89814,89749],{"class":69},[47,89816,66],{"class":65},[47,89818,75],{"class":61},[47,89820,9831],{"class":113},[47,89822,132],{"class":61},[20,89824,37338],{},[38,89826,89828],{"className":40,"code":89827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89829,89830,89838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89831,89832,89834,89836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89833,22030],{"class":53},[47,89835,58],{"class":57},[47,89837,3239],{"class":349},[47,89839,89840,89842,89844,89846,89849,89851,89853,89855],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,89841,139],{"class":138},[47,89843,117],{"class":61},[47,89845,66],{"class":65},[47,89847,89848],{"class":69},"Age: ",[47,89850,66],{"class":65},[47,89852,3105],{"class":57},[47,89854,9831],{"class":113},[47,89856,132],{"class":61},[20,89858,89859,89860,89863,89864,89866,89867,89869,89870,110],{},"That fails because ",[15,89861,89862],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89865,81],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89868,2708],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[210,89871,89872],{"href":42590},[15,89873,48101],{},[33,89875,89877],{"id":89876},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89879,89880,89882],{},[15,89881,46869],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[174,89884,89885,89891,89896,89901],{},[177,89886,89887,89890],{},[15,89888,89889],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[177,89892,89893,89895],{},[15,89894,53080],{}," controls what is added after the output",[177,89897,89898,89900],{},[15,89899,87165],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[177,89902,89903,89906],{},[15,89904,89905],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89908,89909,89910,5036,89912,110],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89911,89889],{},[15,89913,53080],{},[33,89915,89917,37027],{"id":89916},"sep-argument",[15,89918,89889],{},[20,89920,2628,89921,89923],{},[15,89922,89889],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89925,89926],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[244,89928,89930],{"id":89929},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[38,89932,89934],{"className":40,"code":89933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89935,89936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89937,89938,89940,89942,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954,89956,89958,89960,89962,89964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89939,139],{"class":138},[47,89941,117],{"class":61},[47,89943,66],{"class":65},[47,89945,305],{"class":69},[47,89947,66],{"class":65},[47,89949,75],{"class":61},[47,89951,78],{"class":65},[47,89953,314],{"class":69},[47,89955,66],{"class":65},[47,89957,75],{"class":61},[47,89959,78],{"class":65},[47,89961,323],{"class":69},[47,89963,66],{"class":65},[47,89965,132],{"class":61},[20,89967,372],{},[38,89969,89971],{"className":40,"code":89970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red green blue\n",[15,89972,89973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89974,89975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89976,89970],{"class":53},[244,89978,89980],{"id":89979},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[38,89982,89984],{"className":40,"code":89983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89985,89986,90029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89987,89988,89990,89992,89994,89996,89998,90000,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90019,90021,90023,90025,90027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89989,139],{"class":138},[47,89991,117],{"class":61},[47,89993,66],{"class":65},[47,89995,305],{"class":69},[47,89997,66],{"class":65},[47,89999,75],{"class":61},[47,90001,78],{"class":65},[47,90003,314],{"class":69},[47,90005,66],{"class":65},[47,90007,75],{"class":61},[47,90009,78],{"class":65},[47,90011,323],{"class":69},[47,90013,66],{"class":65},[47,90015,75],{"class":61},[47,90017,90018],{"class":9818}," sep",[47,90020,58],{"class":57},[47,90022,66],{"class":65},[47,90024,75],{"class":69},[47,90026,66],{"class":65},[47,90028,132],{"class":61},[47,90030,90031,90033,90035,90037,90039,90041,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065,90068,90070],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90032,139],{"class":138},[47,90034,117],{"class":61},[47,90036,66],{"class":65},[47,90038,305],{"class":69},[47,90040,66],{"class":65},[47,90042,75],{"class":61},[47,90044,78],{"class":65},[47,90046,314],{"class":69},[47,90048,66],{"class":65},[47,90050,75],{"class":61},[47,90052,78],{"class":65},[47,90054,323],{"class":69},[47,90056,66],{"class":65},[47,90058,75],{"class":61},[47,90060,90018],{"class":9818},[47,90062,58],{"class":57},[47,90064,66],{"class":65},[47,90066,90067],{"class":69}," - ",[47,90069,66],{"class":65},[47,90071,132],{"class":61},[20,90073,372],{},[38,90075,90077],{"className":40,"code":90076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90078,90079,90091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90080,90081,90083,90085,90087,90089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90082,305],{"class":53},[47,90084,75],{"class":61},[47,90086,314],{"class":53},[47,90088,75],{"class":61},[47,90090,70404],{"class":53},[47,90092,90093,90096,90098,90101,90103],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90094,90095],{"class":53},"red ",[47,90097,2670],{"class":57},[47,90099,90100],{"class":53}," green ",[47,90102,2670],{"class":57},[47,90104,36291],{"class":53},[20,90106,90107,90109],{},[15,90108,89889],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90111,90112,90113,110],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[210,90114,90116],{"href":90115},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[33,90118,90120,37027],{"id":90119},"end-argument",[15,90121,53080],{},[20,90123,90124,90125,90127,90128,90130],{},"By default, ",[15,90126,46869],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90129,46869],{}," starts on a new line.",[244,90132,89930],{"id":90133},"default-behavior-1",[38,90135,90137],{"className":40,"code":90136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90138,90139,90153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90140,90141,90143,90145,90147,90149,90151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90142,139],{"class":138},[47,90144,117],{"class":61},[47,90146,66],{"class":65},[47,90148,35276],{"class":69},[47,90150,66],{"class":65},[47,90152,132],{"class":61},[47,90154,90155,90157,90159,90161,90164,90166],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90156,139],{"class":138},[47,90158,117],{"class":61},[47,90160,66],{"class":65},[47,90162,90163],{"class":69},"World",[47,90165,66],{"class":65},[47,90167,132],{"class":61},[20,90169,372],{},[38,90171,90173],{"className":40,"code":90172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90174,90175,90179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90176,90177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90178,89372],{"class":53},[47,90180,90181],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90182,90183],{"class":53},"World\n",[244,90185,90187],{"id":90186},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[38,90189,90191],{"className":40,"code":90190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90192,90193,90215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90194,90195,90197,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90196,139],{"class":138},[47,90198,117],{"class":61},[47,90200,66],{"class":65},[47,90202,35276],{"class":69},[47,90204,66],{"class":65},[47,90206,75],{"class":61},[47,90208,65463],{"class":9818},[47,90210,58],{"class":57},[47,90212,6916],{"class":65},[47,90214,132],{"class":61},[47,90216,90217,90219,90221,90223,90225,90227],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90218,139],{"class":138},[47,90220,117],{"class":61},[47,90222,66],{"class":65},[47,90224,90163],{"class":69},[47,90226,66],{"class":65},[47,90228,132],{"class":61},[20,90230,372],{},[38,90232,90234],{"className":40,"code":90233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90235,90236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90237,90238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90239,90233],{"class":53},[244,90241,90243],{"id":90242},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[38,90245,90247],{"className":40,"code":90246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90248,90249,90278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90250,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269,90272,90274,90276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90252,139],{"class":138},[47,90254,117],{"class":61},[47,90256,66],{"class":65},[47,90258,35276],{"class":69},[47,90260,66],{"class":65},[47,90262,75],{"class":61},[47,90264,65463],{"class":9818},[47,90266,58],{"class":57},[47,90268,66],{"class":65},[47,90270,90271],{"class":69},"!",[47,90273,87576],{"class":34861},[47,90275,66],{"class":65},[47,90277,132],{"class":61},[47,90279,90280,90282,90284,90286,90288,90290],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90281,139],{"class":138},[47,90283,117],{"class":61},[47,90285,66],{"class":65},[47,90287,90163],{"class":69},[47,90289,66],{"class":65},[47,90291,132],{"class":61},[20,90293,372],{},[38,90295,90297],{"className":40,"code":90296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90298,90299,90304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90300,90301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90302,90303],{"class":53},"Hello!\n",[47,90305,90306],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90307,90183],{"class":53},[20,90309,2628,90310,90312],{},[15,90311,53080],{}," argument is useful for:",[174,90314,90315,90318,90321],{},[177,90316,90317],{},"progress messages",[177,90319,90320],{},"inline output",[177,90322,90323],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[33,90325,90327,3048,90329],{"id":90326},"print-returns-none",[15,90328,46869],{},[15,90330,269],{},[20,90332,90333,90334,90336],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90335,46869],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90338,603],{},[38,90340,90342],{"className":40,"code":90341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90343,90344,90364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90345,90346,90348,90350,90353,90355,90357,90360,90362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90347,2879],{"class":53},[47,90349,58],{"class":57},[47,90351,90352],{"class":138}," print",[47,90354,117],{"class":61},[47,90356,66],{"class":65},[47,90358,90359],{"class":69},"Hi",[47,90361,66],{"class":65},[47,90363,132],{"class":61},[47,90365,90366,90368,90370,90372],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90367,139],{"class":138},[47,90369,117],{"class":61},[47,90371,2914],{"class":113},[47,90373,132],{"class":61},[20,90375,372],{},[38,90377,90379],{"className":40,"code":90378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90380,90381,90386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90382,90383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90384,90385],{"class":53},"Hi\n",[47,90387,90388],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90389,12438],{"class":559},[20,90391,90392],{},"Why does this happen?",[174,90394,90395,90403,90408],{},[177,90396,90397,90400,90401],{},[15,90398,90399],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90402,90359],{},[177,90404,90405,90406],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90407,269],{},[177,90409,90410,90411,12550,90413],{},"so ",[15,90412,2914],{},[15,90414,269],{},[20,90416,90417,90418,90420],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90419,46869],{}," call.",[38,90422,90424],{"className":40,"code":90423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90425,90426,90439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90427,90428,90431,90433,90435,90437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90429,90430],{"class":53},"message ",[47,90432,58],{"class":57},[47,90434,78],{"class":65},[47,90436,90359],{"class":69},[47,90438,689],{"class":65},[47,90440,90441,90443,90445,90448],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90442,139],{"class":138},[47,90444,117],{"class":61},[47,90446,90447],{"class":113},"message",[47,90449,132],{"class":61},[20,90451,90452,90453,90455,90456,90460],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90454,46869],{}," with functions like ",[210,90457,90458],{"href":8865},[15,90459,3609],{},", which do return a value.",[33,90462,90464,90465],{"id":90463},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90466,46869],{},[20,90468,90469,90470,90472],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90471,46869],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[174,90474,90475,90478,90481,90484],{},[177,90476,90477],{},"to display results to the user",[177,90479,90480],{},"to show messages in a script",[177,90482,90483],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[177,90485,90486],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90488,603],{},[38,90490,90492],{"className":40,"code":90491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90493,90494,90502,90506,90526,90537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90495,90496,90498,90500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90497,41597],{"class":53},[47,90499,58],{"class":57},[47,90501,38926],{"class":349},[47,90503,90504],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90505,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,90507,90508,90510,90512,90514,90516,90518,90520,90522,90524],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,90509,6601],{"class":1107},[47,90511,7031],{"class":53},[47,90513,1114],{"class":1107},[47,90515,54490],{"class":138},[47,90517,117],{"class":61},[47,90519,917],{"class":349},[47,90521,75],{"class":61},[47,90523,3108],{"class":349},[47,90525,8988],{"class":61},[47,90527,90528,90531,90534],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,90529,90530],{"class":53},"    total ",[47,90532,90533],{"class":57},"+=",[47,90535,90536],{"class":53}," number\n",[47,90538,90539,90541,90543,90545,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560,90562,90564,90566],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,90540,8715],{"class":138},[47,90542,117],{"class":61},[47,90544,66],{"class":65},[47,90546,90547],{"class":69},"Current number:",[47,90549,66],{"class":65},[47,90551,75],{"class":61},[47,90553,2846],{"class":113},[47,90555,75],{"class":61},[47,90557,78],{"class":65},[47,90559,45980],{"class":69},[47,90561,66],{"class":65},[47,90563,75],{"class":61},[47,90565,45987],{"class":113},[47,90567,132],{"class":61},[20,90569,372],{},[38,90571,90573],{"className":40,"code":90572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90574,90575,90591,90605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90576,90577,90580,90582,90584,90587,90589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90578,90579],{"class":53},"Current number",[47,90581,172],{"class":61},[47,90583,2002],{"class":349},[47,90585,90586],{"class":53}," Total",[47,90588,172],{"class":61},[47,90590,30020],{"class":349},[47,90592,90593,90595,90597,90599,90601,90603],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90594,90579],{"class":53},[47,90596,172],{"class":61},[47,90598,2409],{"class":349},[47,90600,90586],{"class":53},[47,90602,172],{"class":61},[47,90604,3229],{"class":349},[47,90606,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90617],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,90608,90579],{"class":53},[47,90610,172],{"class":61},[47,90612,2414],{"class":349},[47,90614,90586],{"class":53},[47,90616,172],{"class":61},[47,90618,90619],{"class":349}," 6\n",[20,90621,90622,90623,110],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[210,90624,90626],{"href":90625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[33,90628,1641],{"id":1640},[20,90630,90631,90632,110],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90633,46869],{},[244,90635,90637],{"id":90636},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90639,90640],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[38,90642,90644],{"className":40,"code":90643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90645,90646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90647,90648,90650,90652,90654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90649,139],{"class":138},[47,90651,117],{"class":61},[47,90653,35276],{"class":113},[47,90655,132],{"class":61},[20,90657,9520,90658,90660],{},[15,90659,35276],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90662,11443],{},[38,90664,90666],{"className":40,"code":90665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90667,90668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90669,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90671,139],{"class":138},[47,90673,117],{"class":61},[47,90675,66],{"class":65},[47,90677,35276],{"class":69},[47,90679,66],{"class":65},[47,90681,132],{"class":61},[244,90683,453,90685,90687],{"id":90684},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90686,139],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90689,90690],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[38,90692,90694],{"className":40,"code":90693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90695,90696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90697,90698,90700,90702,90704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90699,139],{"class":138},[47,90701,78],{"class":65},[47,90703,35276],{"class":69},[47,90705,689],{"class":65},[20,90707,11443],{},[38,90709,90710],{"className":40,"code":90665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90711,90712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90713,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90715,139],{"class":138},[47,90717,117],{"class":61},[47,90719,66],{"class":65},[47,90721,35276],{"class":69},[47,90723,66],{"class":65},[47,90725,132],{"class":61},[244,90727,90729,90730],{"id":90728},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90731,2708],{},[20,90733,90734,90735,110],{},"This causes a ",[15,90736,3655],{},[38,90738,90739],{"className":40,"code":89827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90740,90741,90749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90742,90743,90745,90747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90744,22030],{"class":53},[47,90746,58],{"class":57},[47,90748,3239],{"class":349},[47,90750,90751,90753,90755,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90752,139],{"class":138},[47,90754,117],{"class":61},[47,90756,66],{"class":65},[47,90758,89848],{"class":69},[47,90760,66],{"class":65},[47,90762,3105],{"class":57},[47,90764,9831],{"class":113},[47,90766,132],{"class":61},[20,90768,90769],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[38,90771,90773],{"className":40,"code":90772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90774,90775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90776,90777,90779,90781,90783,90785,90787,90789,90791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90778,139],{"class":138},[47,90780,117],{"class":61},[47,90782,66],{"class":65},[47,90784,89749],{"class":69},[47,90786,66],{"class":65},[47,90788,75],{"class":61},[47,90790,9831],{"class":113},[47,90792,132],{"class":61},[20,90794,90795],{},"Or convert the number first:",[38,90797,90799],{"className":40,"code":90798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90800,90801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90802,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90819,90821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90804,139],{"class":138},[47,90806,117],{"class":61},[47,90808,66],{"class":65},[47,90810,89848],{"class":69},[47,90812,66],{"class":65},[47,90814,3105],{"class":57},[47,90816,49322],{"class":106},[47,90818,117],{"class":61},[47,90820,81],{"class":113},[47,90822,2266],{"class":61},[20,90824,90825,90826,110],{},"If you see this error, read ",[210,90827,90829],{"href":90828},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[244,90831,1968,90833,90835],{"id":90832},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90834,46869],{}," to return a value",[20,90837,90838,90839,35739,90842,172],{},"This does not store ",[15,90840,90841],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90843,2914],{},[38,90845,90847],{"className":40,"code":90846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90848,90849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90850,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90852,2879],{"class":53},[47,90854,58],{"class":57},[47,90856,90352],{"class":138},[47,90858,117],{"class":61},[47,90860,66],{"class":65},[47,90862,35276],{"class":69},[47,90864,66],{"class":65},[47,90866,132],{"class":61},[20,90868,90869,90870,110],{},"It stores ",[15,90871,269],{},[244,90873,90875,90876,5036,90878],{"id":90874},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90877,89889],{},[15,90879,53080],{},[20,90881,86235],{},[174,90883,90884,90893],{},[177,90885,90886,90888,90889,90892],{},[15,90887,89889],{}," changes what goes ",[278,90890,90891],{},"between"," multiple values",[177,90894,90895,90897,90898,90901],{},[15,90896,53080],{}," changes what appears ",[278,90899,90900],{},"after"," the output",[33,90903,90905],{"id":90904},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90907,90908,90909,90911],{},"These simple ",[15,90910,46869],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[38,90913,90915],{"className":40,"code":90914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90916,90917,90937,90952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90918,90919,90921,90923,90925,90928,90930,90932,90935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90920,139],{"class":138},[47,90922,117],{"class":61},[47,90924,66],{"class":65},[47,90926,90927],{"class":69},"Debug:",[47,90929,66],{"class":65},[47,90931,75],{"class":61},[47,90933,90934],{"class":113}," variable_name",[47,90936,132],{"class":61},[47,90938,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90950],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,90940,139],{"class":138},[47,90942,117],{"class":61},[47,90944,2392],{"class":106},[47,90946,117],{"class":61},[47,90948,90949],{"class":113},"variable_name",[47,90951,2266],{"class":61},[47,90953,90954,90956,90958,90960],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,90955,32559],{"class":138},[47,90957,117],{"class":61},[47,90959,139],{"class":138},[47,90961,132],{"class":61},[20,90963,90964],{},"What they do:",[174,90966,90967,90973,90979],{},[177,90968,90969,90972],{},[15,90970,90971],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[177,90974,90975,90978],{},[15,90976,90977],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[177,90980,90981,90984,90985],{},[15,90982,90983],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90986,46869],{},[33,90988,2429],{"id":2428},[244,90990,2433,90992,90994],{"id":90991},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90993,46869],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90996,90997,90998,91000,91001,37033],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90999,46869],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91002,53080],{},[244,91004,5813,91006,91008],{"id":91005},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91007,46869],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91010,91011,91012,91014],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91013,46869],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[244,91016,5801,91018,5804,91021,3143],{"id":91017},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91019,91020],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91022,269],{},[20,91024,29466,91025,91027],{},[15,91026,46869],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[244,91029,91031],{"id":91030},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91033,91034],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[38,91036,91038],{"className":40,"code":91037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91039,91040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91041,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91043,139],{"class":138},[47,91045,117],{"class":61},[47,91047,66],{"class":65},[47,91049,89749],{"class":69},[47,91051,66],{"class":65},[47,91053,75],{"class":61},[47,91055,6648],{"class":349},[47,91057,132],{"class":61},[20,91059,91060,91061,40343],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91062,48101],{},[244,91064,5823,91066,5036,91068,3143],{"id":91065},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91067,89889],{},[15,91069,53080],{},[174,91071,91072,91077],{},[177,91073,91074,91076],{},[15,91075,89889],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[177,91078,91079,91081],{},[15,91080,53080],{}," changes what appears after the output",[33,91083,2526],{"id":2525},[174,91085,91086,91090,91096,91102,91107,91112],{},[177,91087,91088],{},[210,91089,51395],{"href":51394},[177,91091,91092],{},[210,91093,4226,91094,4159],{"href":8865},[15,91095,3609],{},[177,91097,91098],{},[210,91099,4226,91100,4159],{"href":42590},[15,91101,48101],{},[177,91103,91104],{},[210,91105,91106],{"href":90115},"How to format strings in Python",[177,91108,91109],{},[210,91110,91111],{"href":90625},"How to debug Python code",[177,91113,91114],{},[210,91115,90829],{"href":90828},[2563,91117,91118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":91120},[91121,91122,91124,91125,91131,91132,91133,91138,91144,91146,91148,91159,91160,91171],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":89293,"depth":98,"text":91123},"What print() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":89529,"depth":98,"text":89530,"children":91126},[91127,91128,91129,91130],{"id":89538,"depth":135,"text":89539},{"id":89579,"depth":135,"text":89580},{"id":89611,"depth":135,"text":89612},{"id":89638,"depth":135,"text":89639},{"id":89680,"depth":98,"text":89681},{"id":89876,"depth":98,"text":89877},{"id":89916,"depth":98,"text":91134,"children":91135},"sep argument",[91136,91137],{"id":89929,"depth":135,"text":89930},{"id":89979,"depth":135,"text":89980},{"id":90119,"depth":98,"text":91139,"children":91140},"end argument",[91141,91142,91143],{"id":90133,"depth":135,"text":89930},{"id":90186,"depth":135,"text":90187},{"id":90242,"depth":135,"text":90243},{"id":90326,"depth":98,"text":91145},"print() returns None",{"id":90463,"depth":98,"text":91147},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":91149},[91150,91151,91153,91155,91157],{"id":90636,"depth":135,"text":90637},{"id":90684,"depth":135,"text":91152},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90728,"depth":135,"text":91154},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90832,"depth":135,"text":91156},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90874,"depth":135,"text":91158},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90904,"depth":98,"text":90905},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":91161},[91162,91164,91166,91168,91169],{"id":90991,"depth":135,"text":91163},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91005,"depth":135,"text":91165},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91017,"depth":135,"text":91167},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91030,"depth":135,"text":91031},{"id":91065,"depth":135,"text":91170},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89176,"description":91172},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91179,"title":91180,"body":91181,"description":93485,"extension":2611,"meta":93486,"navigation":357,"path":93487,"seo":93488,"stem":93489,"__hash__":93490},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91182,"toc":93431},[91183,91188,91193,91206,91208,91273,91284,91289,91294,91296,91319,91322,91353,91355,91372,91377,91383,91388,91437,91440,91457,91463,91468,91491,91493,91521,91527,91535,91562,91564,91589,91595,91598,91629,91631,91660,91664,91667,91672,91694,91696,91724,91730,91736,91762,91764,91788,91794,91800,91830,91832,91860,91870,91874,91880,91913,91915,91944,91947,91950,91983,91985,91993,91999,92001,92024,92029,92038,92043,92057,92059,92099,92101,92131,92135,92170,92176,92180,92224,92226,92256,92262,92265,92344,92346,92368,92376,92379,92442,92450,92525,92531,92538,92543,92548,92571,92573,92594,92596,92609,92611,92658,92660,92699,92708,92710,92714,92718,92721,92748,92751,92780,92783,92807,92810,92818,92824,92846,92848,92876,92880,92885,92940,92945,92947,93004,93011,93020,93023,93055,93057,93065,93068,93074,93076,93099,93102,93108,93111,93130,93132,93151,93154,93176,93178,93206,93210,93214,93319,93321,93334,93336,93342,93345,93353,93358,93364,93370,93375,93383,93389,93396,93398,93428],[10,91184,4226,91186,4230],{"id":91185},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91187,36609],{},[20,91189,32724,91190,91192],{},[15,91191,36609],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91194,91195,91196,91198,91199,91201,91202,91205],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91197,6601],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91200,36609],{}," stops ",[278,91203,91204],{},"before"," the end value.",[33,91207,36],{"id":35},[38,91209,91211],{"className":40,"code":91210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91212,91213,91229,91239,91243,91248,91253,91258,91263,91268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91214,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91216,6601],{"class":1107},[47,91218,69971],{"class":53},[47,91220,1114],{"class":1107},[47,91222,54490],{"class":138},[47,91224,117],{"class":61},[47,91226,2784],{"class":349},[47,91228,8988],{"class":61},[47,91230,91231,91233,91235,91237],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,91232,8715],{"class":138},[47,91234,117],{"class":61},[47,91236,36565],{"class":113},[47,91238,132],{"class":61},[47,91240,91241],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,91242,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,91244,91245],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,91246,91247],{"class":152},"# Output:\n",[47,91249,91250],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,91251,91252],{"class":152},"# 0\n",[47,91254,91255],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,91256,91257],{"class":152},"# 1\n",[47,91259,91260],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,91261,91262],{"class":152},"# 2\n",[47,91264,91265],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,91266,91267],{"class":152},"# 3\n",[47,91269,91270],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,91271,91272],{"class":152},"# 4\n",[20,91274,91275,91278,91279,91281,91282,110],{},[15,91276,91277],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91280,436],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91283,2784],{},[33,91285,164,91287,167],{"id":91286},"what-range-does",[15,91288,36609],{},[20,91290,91291,91293],{},[15,91292,36609],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91295,13677],{},[174,91297,91298,91303,91309,91314],{},[177,91299,91300,91302],{},[15,91301,36609],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[177,91304,91305,91306,91308],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91307,6601],{}," loops",[177,91310,91311,91312],{},"The stop value is ",[278,91313,65492],{},[177,91315,276,91316,91318],{},[15,91317,60420],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91320,91321],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[38,91323,91325],{"className":40,"code":91324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91326,91327,91343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91328,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91330,6601],{"class":1107},[47,91332,7031],{"class":53},[47,91334,1114],{"class":1107},[47,91336,54490],{"class":138},[47,91338,117],{"class":61},[47,91340,2711],{"class":349},[47,91342,8988],{"class":61},[47,91344,91345,91347,91349,91351],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,91346,8715],{"class":138},[47,91348,117],{"class":61},[47,91350,2889],{"class":113},[47,91352,132],{"class":61},[20,91354,372],{},[38,91356,91358],{"className":40,"code":91357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91359,91360,91364,91368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91361,91362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91363,47669],{"class":349},[47,91365,91366],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,91367,47334],{"class":349},[47,91369,91370],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,91371,17665],{"class":349},[20,91373,91374,91375,110],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[210,91376,36439],{"href":36438},[33,91378,91380,91382],{"id":91379},"range-syntax",[15,91381,36609],{}," syntax",[20,91384,91385,91387],{},[15,91386,36609],{}," has three common forms:",[38,91389,91391],{"className":40,"code":91390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91392,91393,91403,91418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91394,91395,91397,91399,91401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91396,60420],{"class":138},[47,91398,117],{"class":61},[47,91400,75849],{"class":113},[47,91402,132],{"class":61},[47,91404,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91416],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,91406,60420],{"class":138},[47,91408,117],{"class":61},[47,91410,36483],{"class":113},[47,91412,75],{"class":61},[47,91414,91415],{"class":113}," stop",[47,91417,132],{"class":61},[47,91419,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91435],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,91421,60420],{"class":138},[47,91423,117],{"class":61},[47,91425,36483],{"class":113},[47,91427,75],{"class":61},[47,91429,91415],{"class":113},[47,91431,75],{"class":61},[47,91433,91434],{"class":113}," step",[47,91436,132],{"class":61},[20,91438,91439],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[174,91441,91442,91447,91452],{},[177,91443,91444,91446],{},[15,91445,36483],{}," = first number",[177,91448,91449,91451],{},[15,91450,75849],{}," = end limit, not included",[177,91453,91454,91456],{},[15,91455,75852],{}," = amount to move each time",[244,91458,91460],{"id":91459},"rangestop",[15,91461,91462],{},"range(stop)",[20,91464,91465,91466,110],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91467,436],{},[38,91469,91471],{"className":40,"code":91470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91472,91473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91474,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91476,139],{"class":138},[47,91478,117],{"class":61},[47,91480,1892],{"class":106},[47,91482,117],{"class":61},[47,91484,60420],{"class":138},[47,91486,117],{"class":61},[47,91488,2784],{"class":349},[47,91490,2425],{"class":61},[20,91492,372],{},[38,91494,91495],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91496,91497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91498,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517,91519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91500,669],{"class":61},[47,91502,436],{"class":349},[47,91504,75],{"class":61},[47,91506,2002],{"class":349},[47,91508,75],{"class":61},[47,91510,2409],{"class":349},[47,91512,75],{"class":61},[47,91514,2414],{"class":349},[47,91516,75],{"class":61},[47,91518,3108],{"class":349},[47,91520,95],{"class":61},[244,91522,91524],{"id":91523},"rangestart-stop",[15,91525,91526],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91528,91529,91530,91532,91533,110],{},"This starts at ",[15,91531,36483],{}," and stops before ",[15,91534,75849],{},[38,91536,91538],{"className":40,"code":91537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91539,91540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91541,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91543,139],{"class":138},[47,91545,117],{"class":61},[47,91547,1892],{"class":106},[47,91549,117],{"class":61},[47,91551,60420],{"class":138},[47,91553,117],{"class":61},[47,91555,2705],{"class":349},[47,91557,75],{"class":61},[47,91559,38056],{"class":349},[47,91561,2425],{"class":61},[20,91563,372],{},[38,91565,91567],{"className":40,"code":91566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91568,91569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91570,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91572,669],{"class":61},[47,91574,2705],{"class":349},[47,91576,75],{"class":61},[47,91578,2414],{"class":349},[47,91580,75],{"class":61},[47,91582,3108],{"class":349},[47,91584,75],{"class":61},[47,91586,5249],{"class":349},[47,91588,95],{"class":61},[244,91590,91592],{"id":91591},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91593,91594],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91596,91597],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[38,91599,91601],{"className":40,"code":91600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91602,91603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91604,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91606,139],{"class":138},[47,91608,117],{"class":61},[47,91610,1892],{"class":106},[47,91612,117],{"class":61},[47,91614,60420],{"class":138},[47,91616,117],{"class":61},[47,91618,917],{"class":349},[47,91620,75],{"class":61},[47,91622,6648],{"class":349},[47,91624,75],{"class":61},[47,91626,2409],{"class":349},[47,91628,2425],{"class":61},[20,91630,372],{},[38,91632,91634],{"className":40,"code":91633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91635,91636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91637,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91639,669],{"class":61},[47,91641,917],{"class":349},[47,91643,75],{"class":61},[47,91645,2414],{"class":349},[47,91647,75],{"class":61},[47,91649,5249],{"class":349},[47,91651,75],{"class":61},[47,91653,6637],{"class":349},[47,91655,75],{"class":61},[47,91657,54556],{"class":349},[47,91659,95],{"class":61},[33,91661,91663],{"id":91662},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91665,91666],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[244,91668,91670],{"id":91669},"range5",[15,91671,91277],{},[38,91673,91674],{"className":40,"code":91470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91675,91676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91677,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91679,139],{"class":138},[47,91681,117],{"class":61},[47,91683,1892],{"class":106},[47,91685,117],{"class":61},[47,91687,60420],{"class":138},[47,91689,117],{"class":61},[47,91691,2784],{"class":349},[47,91693,2425],{"class":61},[20,91695,372],{},[38,91697,91698],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91699,91700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91701,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91703,669],{"class":61},[47,91705,436],{"class":349},[47,91707,75],{"class":61},[47,91709,2002],{"class":349},[47,91711,75],{"class":61},[47,91713,2409],{"class":349},[47,91715,75],{"class":61},[47,91717,2414],{"class":349},[47,91719,75],{"class":61},[47,91721,3108],{"class":349},[47,91723,95],{"class":61},[20,91725,91529,91726,91532,91728,110],{},[15,91727,436],{},[15,91729,2784],{},[244,91731,91733],{"id":91732},"range2-6",[15,91734,91735],{},"range(2, 6)",[38,91737,91738],{"className":40,"code":91537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91739,91740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91741,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758,91760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91743,139],{"class":138},[47,91745,117],{"class":61},[47,91747,1892],{"class":106},[47,91749,117],{"class":61},[47,91751,60420],{"class":138},[47,91753,117],{"class":61},[47,91755,2705],{"class":349},[47,91757,75],{"class":61},[47,91759,38056],{"class":349},[47,91761,2425],{"class":61},[20,91763,372],{},[38,91765,91766],{"className":40,"code":91566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91767,91768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91769,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91771,669],{"class":61},[47,91773,2705],{"class":349},[47,91775,75],{"class":61},[47,91777,2414],{"class":349},[47,91779,75],{"class":61},[47,91781,3108],{"class":349},[47,91783,75],{"class":61},[47,91785,5249],{"class":349},[47,91787,95],{"class":61},[20,91789,91529,91790,91532,91792,110],{},[15,91791,2705],{},[15,91793,81017],{},[244,91795,91797],{"id":91796},"range1-10-2",[15,91798,91799],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[38,91801,91802],{"className":40,"code":91600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91803,91804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91805,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91807,139],{"class":138},[47,91809,117],{"class":61},[47,91811,1892],{"class":106},[47,91813,117],{"class":61},[47,91815,60420],{"class":138},[47,91817,117],{"class":61},[47,91819,917],{"class":349},[47,91821,75],{"class":61},[47,91823,6648],{"class":349},[47,91825,75],{"class":61},[47,91827,2409],{"class":349},[47,91829,2425],{"class":61},[20,91831,372],{},[38,91833,91834],{"className":40,"code":91633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91835,91836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91837,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91839,669],{"class":61},[47,91841,917],{"class":349},[47,91843,75],{"class":61},[47,91845,2414],{"class":349},[47,91847,75],{"class":61},[47,91849,5249],{"class":349},[47,91851,75],{"class":61},[47,91853,6637],{"class":349},[47,91855,75],{"class":61},[47,91857,54556],{"class":349},[47,91859,95],{"class":61},[20,91861,91862,91863,91865,91866,61723,91868,110],{},"This moves by ",[15,91864,2705],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91867,917],{},[15,91869,2792],{},[244,91871,91873],{"id":91872},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91875,91876,91877,91879],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91878,36609],{}," count backward.",[38,91881,91883],{"className":40,"code":91882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91884,91885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91886,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91888,139],{"class":138},[47,91890,117],{"class":61},[47,91892,1892],{"class":106},[47,91894,117],{"class":61},[47,91896,60420],{"class":138},[47,91898,117],{"class":61},[47,91900,2784],{"class":349},[47,91902,75],{"class":61},[47,91904,350],{"class":349},[47,91906,75],{"class":61},[47,91908,2871],{"class":57},[47,91910,917],{"class":349},[47,91912,2425],{"class":61},[20,91914,372],{},[38,91916,91918],{"className":40,"code":91917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91919,91920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91923,669],{"class":61},[47,91925,2784],{"class":349},[47,91927,75],{"class":61},[47,91929,3108],{"class":349},[47,91931,75],{"class":61},[47,91933,2414],{"class":349},[47,91935,75],{"class":61},[47,91937,2409],{"class":349},[47,91939,75],{"class":61},[47,91941,2002],{"class":349},[47,91943,95],{"class":61},[20,91945,91946],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91948,91949],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[38,91951,91953],{"className":40,"code":91952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91954,91955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91956,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91958,139],{"class":138},[47,91960,117],{"class":61},[47,91962,1892],{"class":106},[47,91964,117],{"class":61},[47,91966,60420],{"class":138},[47,91968,117],{"class":61},[47,91970,917],{"class":349},[47,91972,75],{"class":61},[47,91974,5249],{"class":349},[47,91976,75],{"class":61},[47,91978,2871],{"class":57},[47,91980,917],{"class":349},[47,91982,2425],{"class":61},[20,91984,372],{},[38,91986,91987],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91988,91989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91990,91991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91992,38710],{"class":61},[244,91994,91995,77012,91997],{"id":77236},[15,91996,75852],{},[15,91998,436],{},[20,92000,3488],{},[38,92002,92004],{"className":40,"code":92003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,92005,92006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92007,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92009,60420],{"class":138},[47,92011,117],{"class":61},[47,92013,917],{"class":349},[47,92015,75],{"class":61},[47,92017,5249],{"class":349},[47,92019,75],{"class":61},[47,92021,350],{"class":349},[47,92023,132],{"class":61},[20,92025,77281,92026,92028],{},[15,92027,41118],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[33,92030,453,92032,92034,92035,92037],{"id":92031},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,92033,36609],{}," in a ",[15,92036,6601],{}," loop",[20,92039,92040,92042],{},[15,92041,36609],{}," is most useful when:",[174,92044,92045,92048,92051],{},[177,92046,92047],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[177,92049,92050],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[177,92052,92053,92054],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,92055,92056],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,92058,603],{},[38,92060,92062],{"className":40,"code":92061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,92063,92064,92080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92065,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92067,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92069,69971],{"class":53},[47,92071,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92073,54490],{"class":138},[47,92075,117],{"class":61},[47,92077,2711],{"class":349},[47,92079,8988],{"class":61},[47,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92091,92093,92095,92097],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92083,8715],{"class":138},[47,92085,117],{"class":61},[47,92087,66],{"class":65},[47,92089,92090],{"class":69},"Loop number:",[47,92092,66],{"class":65},[47,92094,75],{"class":61},[47,92096,36540],{"class":113},[47,92098,132],{"class":61},[20,92100,372],{},[38,92102,92104],{"className":40,"code":92103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,92105,92106,92115,92123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92107,92108,92111,92113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92109,92110],{"class":53},"Loop number",[47,92112,172],{"class":61},[47,92114,38926],{"class":349},[47,92116,92117,92119,92121],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92118,92110],{"class":53},[47,92120,172],{"class":61},[47,92122,30020],{"class":349},[47,92124,92125,92127,92129],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92126,92110],{"class":53},[47,92128,172],{"class":61},[47,92130,46006],{"class":349},[244,92132,92134],{"id":92133},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[38,92136,92138],{"className":40,"code":92137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92139,92140,92156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92141,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92143,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92145,69971],{"class":53},[47,92147,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92149,54490],{"class":138},[47,92151,117],{"class":61},[47,92153,2784],{"class":349},[47,92155,8988],{"class":61},[47,92157,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92159,8715],{"class":138},[47,92161,117],{"class":61},[47,92163,66],{"class":65},[47,92165,35276],{"class":69},[47,92167,66],{"class":65},[47,92169,132],{"class":61},[20,92171,92172,92173,92175],{},"This prints ",[15,92174,90841],{}," five times.",[244,92177,92179],{"id":92178},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[38,92181,92183],{"className":40,"code":92182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92184,92185,92205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92186,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92188,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92190,69971],{"class":53},[47,92192,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92194,54490],{"class":138},[47,92196,117],{"class":61},[47,92198,917],{"class":349},[47,92200,75],{"class":61},[47,92202,3108],{"class":349},[47,92204,8988],{"class":61},[47,92206,92207,92209,92211,92213,92216,92218,92220,92222],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92208,8715],{"class":138},[47,92210,117],{"class":61},[47,92212,66],{"class":65},[47,92214,92215],{"class":69},"Current number is",[47,92217,66],{"class":65},[47,92219,75],{"class":61},[47,92221,36540],{"class":113},[47,92223,132],{"class":61},[20,92225,372],{},[38,92227,92229],{"className":40,"code":92228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92230,92231,92240,92248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92232,92233,92236,92238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92234,92235],{"class":53},"Current number ",[47,92237,12822],{"class":57},[47,92239,30020],{"class":349},[47,92241,92242,92244,92246],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92243,92235],{"class":53},[47,92245,12822],{"class":57},[47,92247,46006],{"class":349},[47,92249,92250,92252,92254],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92251,92235],{"class":53},[47,92253,12822],{"class":57},[47,92255,3229],{"class":349},[244,92257,92259,92261],{"id":92258},"range-and-indexing",[15,92260,36609],{}," and indexing",[20,92263,92264],{},"You may see code like this:",[38,92266,92268],{"className":40,"code":92267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92269,92270,92302,92306,92326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92271,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92273,8425],{"class":53},[47,92275,58],{"class":57},[47,92277,62],{"class":61},[47,92279,66],{"class":65},[47,92281,210],{"class":69},[47,92283,66],{"class":65},[47,92285,75],{"class":61},[47,92287,78],{"class":65},[47,92289,854],{"class":69},[47,92291,66],{"class":65},[47,92293,75],{"class":61},[47,92295,78],{"class":65},[47,92297,863],{"class":69},[47,92299,66],{"class":65},[47,92301,95],{"class":61},[47,92303,92304],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92305,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,92307,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92309,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92311,69971],{"class":53},[47,92313,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92315,54490],{"class":138},[47,92317,117],{"class":61},[47,92319,11798],{"class":138},[47,92321,117],{"class":61},[47,92323,8456],{"class":113},[47,92325,69986],{"class":61},[47,92327,92328,92330,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,92329,8715],{"class":138},[47,92331,117],{"class":61},[47,92333,36565],{"class":113},[47,92335,75],{"class":61},[47,92337,6609],{"class":113},[47,92339,669],{"class":61},[47,92341,36565],{"class":113},[47,92343,2166],{"class":61},[20,92345,372],{},[38,92347,92348],{"className":40,"code":36577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92349,92350,92356,92362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92351,92352,92354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92353,436],{"class":349},[47,92355,36586],{"class":53},[47,92357,92358,92360],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92359,917],{"class":349},[47,92361,36593],{"class":53},[47,92363,92364,92366],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92365,2705],{"class":349},[47,92367,36600],{"class":53},[20,92369,92370,92371,92375],{},"This works, and it uses ",[210,92372,92373],{"href":42773},[15,92374,42776],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92377,92378],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[38,92380,92382],{"className":40,"code":92381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92383,92384,92416,92420,92432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92385,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92387,8425],{"class":53},[47,92389,58],{"class":57},[47,92391,62],{"class":61},[47,92393,66],{"class":65},[47,92395,210],{"class":69},[47,92397,66],{"class":65},[47,92399,75],{"class":61},[47,92401,78],{"class":65},[47,92403,854],{"class":69},[47,92405,66],{"class":65},[47,92407,75],{"class":61},[47,92409,78],{"class":65},[47,92411,863],{"class":69},[47,92413,66],{"class":65},[47,92415,95],{"class":61},[47,92417,92418],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92419,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,92421,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92423,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92425,6604],{"class":53},[47,92427,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92429,6609],{"class":53},[47,92431,7038],{"class":61},[47,92433,92434,92436,92438,92440],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,92435,8715],{"class":138},[47,92437,117],{"class":61},[47,92439,23713],{"class":113},[47,92441,132],{"class":61},[20,92443,37004,92444,92449],{},[210,92445,92447],{"href":92446},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92448,36159],{}," is usually a better choice:",[38,92451,92453],{"className":40,"code":92452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92454,92455,92487,92491,92511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92456,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92458,8425],{"class":53},[47,92460,58],{"class":57},[47,92462,62],{"class":61},[47,92464,66],{"class":65},[47,92466,210],{"class":69},[47,92468,66],{"class":65},[47,92470,75],{"class":61},[47,92472,78],{"class":65},[47,92474,854],{"class":69},[47,92476,66],{"class":65},[47,92478,75],{"class":61},[47,92480,78],{"class":65},[47,92482,863],{"class":69},[47,92484,66],{"class":65},[47,92486,95],{"class":61},[47,92488,92489],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92490,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,92492,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92494,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92496,36231],{"class":53},[47,92498,75],{"class":61},[47,92500,6604],{"class":53},[47,92502,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92504,36241],{"class":138},[47,92506,117],{"class":61},[47,92508,8456],{"class":113},[47,92510,8988],{"class":61},[47,92512,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,92514,8715],{"class":138},[47,92516,117],{"class":61},[47,92518,36256],{"class":113},[47,92520,75],{"class":61},[47,92522,29912],{"class":113},[47,92524,132],{"class":61},[20,92526,79541,92527,110],{},[210,92528,37017,92529,37020],{"href":37016},[15,92530,36159],{},[33,92532,92534,92535,92537],{"id":92533},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92536,36609],{}," to a list",[20,92539,92540,92542],{},[15,92541,36609],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92544,92545,92546,172],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92547,25184],{},[38,92549,92551],{"className":40,"code":92550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92552,92553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92554,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92556,139],{"class":138},[47,92558,117],{"class":61},[47,92560,1892],{"class":106},[47,92562,117],{"class":61},[47,92564,60420],{"class":138},[47,92566,117],{"class":61},[47,92568,2711],{"class":349},[47,92570,2425],{"class":61},[20,92572,372],{},[38,92574,92576],{"className":40,"code":92575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92577,92578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92581,669],{"class":61},[47,92583,436],{"class":349},[47,92585,75],{"class":61},[47,92587,2002],{"class":349},[47,92589,75],{"class":61},[47,92591,2409],{"class":349},[47,92593,95],{"class":61},[20,92595,33719],{},[174,92597,92598,92603,92606],{},[177,92599,92600,92601,42500],{},"learning how ",[15,92602,36609],{},[177,92604,92605],{},"checking your values",[177,92607,92608],{},"debugging code",[20,92610,6117],{},[38,92612,92614],{"className":40,"code":92613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92615,92616,92630,92634,92644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92617,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92619,4270],{"class":53},[47,92621,58],{"class":57},[47,92623,54490],{"class":138},[47,92625,117],{"class":61},[47,92627,3156],{"class":349},[47,92629,132],{"class":61},[47,92631,92632],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92633,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,92635,92636,92638,92640,92642],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92637,139],{"class":138},[47,92639,117],{"class":61},[47,92641,4300],{"class":113},[47,92643,132],{"class":61},[47,92645,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,92647,139],{"class":138},[47,92649,117],{"class":61},[47,92651,1892],{"class":106},[47,92653,117],{"class":61},[47,92655,4300],{"class":113},[47,92657,2266],{"class":61},[20,92659,372],{},[38,92661,92663],{"className":40,"code":92662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92664,92665,92679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92666,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92668,60420],{"class":138},[47,92670,117],{"class":61},[47,92672,436],{"class":349},[47,92674,75],{"class":61},[47,92676,3108],{"class":349},[47,92678,132],{"class":61},[47,92680,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92682,669],{"class":61},[47,92684,436],{"class":349},[47,92686,75],{"class":61},[47,92688,2002],{"class":349},[47,92690,75],{"class":61},[47,92692,2409],{"class":349},[47,92694,75],{"class":61},[47,92696,2414],{"class":349},[47,92698,95],{"class":61},[20,92700,92701,92702,11222,92704,92707],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92703,60420],{},[15,92705,92706],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[33,92709,5162],{"id":5161},[20,92711,33948,92712,110],{},[15,92713,36609],{},[244,92715,92717],{"id":92716},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92719,92720],{},"Many beginners think this:",[38,92722,92724],{"className":40,"code":92723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92725,92726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92727,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92729,139],{"class":138},[47,92731,117],{"class":61},[47,92733,1892],{"class":106},[47,92735,117],{"class":61},[47,92737,60420],{"class":138},[47,92739,117],{"class":61},[47,92741,917],{"class":349},[47,92743,75],{"class":61},[47,92745,5249],{"class":349},[47,92747,2425],{"class":61},[20,92749,92750],{},"will produce:",[38,92752,92754],{"className":40,"code":92753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92755,92756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92757,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768,92770,92772,92774,92776,92778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92759,669],{"class":61},[47,92761,917],{"class":349},[47,92763,75],{"class":61},[47,92765,2409],{"class":349},[47,92767,75],{"class":61},[47,92769,2414],{"class":349},[47,92771,75],{"class":61},[47,92773,3108],{"class":349},[47,92775,75],{"class":61},[47,92777,5249],{"class":349},[47,92779,95],{"class":61},[20,92781,92782],{},"But the real output is:",[38,92784,92785],{"className":40,"code":53925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92786,92787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92788,92789,92791,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803,92805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92790,669],{"class":61},[47,92792,917],{"class":349},[47,92794,75],{"class":61},[47,92796,2409],{"class":349},[47,92798,75],{"class":61},[47,92800,2414],{"class":349},[47,92802,75],{"class":61},[47,92804,3108],{"class":349},[47,92806,95],{"class":61},[20,92808,92809],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[244,92811,5223,92813,92815,92816],{"id":92812},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92814,91277],{}," starts at ",[15,92817,917],{},[20,92819,37880,92820,1889,92822,110],{},[15,92821,436],{},[15,92823,917],{},[38,92825,92826],{"className":40,"code":91470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92827,92828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92829,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92831,139],{"class":138},[47,92833,117],{"class":61},[47,92835,1892],{"class":106},[47,92837,117],{"class":61},[47,92839,60420],{"class":138},[47,92841,117],{"class":61},[47,92843,2784],{"class":349},[47,92845,2425],{"class":61},[20,92847,372],{},[38,92849,92850],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92851,92852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92853,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92855,669],{"class":61},[47,92857,436],{"class":349},[47,92859,75],{"class":61},[47,92861,2002],{"class":349},[47,92863,75],{"class":61},[47,92865,2409],{"class":349},[47,92867,75],{"class":61},[47,92869,2414],{"class":349},[47,92871,75],{"class":61},[47,92873,3108],{"class":349},[47,92875,95],{"class":61},[244,92877,92879],{"id":92878},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92881,92882,92883,172],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92884,3609],{},[38,92886,92888],{"className":40,"code":92887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92889,92890,92909,92913,92930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92891,92892,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92893,92894],{"class":53},"user_number ",[47,92896,58],{"class":57},[47,92898,8888],{"class":138},[47,92900,117],{"class":61},[47,92902,66],{"class":65},[47,92904,42286],{"class":69},[47,92906,66],{"class":65},[47,92908,132],{"class":61},[47,92910,92911],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92912,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,92914,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92928],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92916,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92918,69971],{"class":53},[47,92920,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92922,54490],{"class":138},[47,92924,117],{"class":61},[47,92926,92927],{"class":113},"user_number",[47,92929,8988],{"class":61},[47,92931,92932,92934,92936,92938],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,92933,8715],{"class":138},[47,92935,117],{"class":61},[47,92937,36565],{"class":113},[47,92939,132],{"class":61},[20,92941,48928,92942,92944],{},[15,92943,3609],{}," returns a string.",[20,92946,11443],{},[38,92948,92950],{"className":40,"code":92949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92951,92952,92974,92978,92994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92953,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92955,92894],{"class":53},[47,92957,58],{"class":57},[47,92959,45693],{"class":106},[47,92961,117],{"class":61},[47,92963,42878],{"class":138},[47,92965,117],{"class":61},[47,92967,66],{"class":65},[47,92969,42286],{"class":69},[47,92971,66],{"class":65},[47,92973,2266],{"class":61},[47,92975,92976],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,92977,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,92979,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,92981,6601],{"class":1107},[47,92983,69971],{"class":53},[47,92985,1114],{"class":1107},[47,92987,54490],{"class":138},[47,92989,117],{"class":61},[47,92991,92927],{"class":113},[47,92993,8988],{"class":61},[47,92995,92996,92998,93000,93002],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,92997,8715],{"class":138},[47,92999,117],{"class":61},[47,93001,36565],{"class":113},[47,93003,132],{"class":61},[20,93005,93006,93007,110],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[210,93008,50942,93009],{"href":50941},[15,93010,50945],{},[244,93012,93014,93015,93017,93018],{"id":93013},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,93016,36483],{}," smaller than ",[15,93019,75849],{},[20,93021,93022],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[38,93024,93025],{"className":40,"code":91952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93026,93027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93028,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93030,139],{"class":138},[47,93032,117],{"class":61},[47,93034,1892],{"class":106},[47,93036,117],{"class":61},[47,93038,60420],{"class":138},[47,93040,117],{"class":61},[47,93042,917],{"class":349},[47,93044,75],{"class":61},[47,93046,5249],{"class":349},[47,93048,75],{"class":61},[47,93050,2871],{"class":57},[47,93052,917],{"class":349},[47,93054,2425],{"class":61},[20,93056,372],{},[38,93058,93059],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93060,93061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93062,93063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93064,38710],{"class":61},[20,93066,93067],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[244,93069,26020,93071],{"id":93070},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,93072,93073],{},"step = 0",[20,93075,77992],{},[38,93077,93079],{"className":40,"code":93078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,93080,93081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93082,93083,93085,93087,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93084,60420],{"class":138},[47,93086,117],{"class":61},[47,93088,917],{"class":349},[47,93090,75],{"class":61},[47,93092,6648],{"class":349},[47,93094,75],{"class":61},[47,93096,350],{"class":349},[47,93098,132],{"class":61},[20,93100,93101],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[244,93103,5348,93105,93107],{"id":93104},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,93106,36609],{}," is not a list",[20,93109,93110],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[38,93112,93114],{"className":40,"code":93113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\n",[15,93115,93116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93117,93118,93120,93122,93124,93126,93128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93119,139],{"class":138},[47,93121,117],{"class":61},[47,93123,60420],{"class":138},[47,93125,117],{"class":61},[47,93127,2784],{"class":349},[47,93129,2266],{"class":61},[20,93131,372],{},[38,93133,93135],{"className":40,"code":93134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93136,93137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93138,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93140,60420],{"class":138},[47,93142,117],{"class":61},[47,93144,436],{"class":349},[47,93146,75],{"class":61},[47,93148,5249],{"class":349},[47,93150,132],{"class":61},[20,93152,93153],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[38,93155,93156],{"className":40,"code":91470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93157,93158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93159,93160,93162,93164,93166,93168,93170,93172,93174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93161,139],{"class":138},[47,93163,117],{"class":61},[47,93165,1892],{"class":106},[47,93167,117],{"class":61},[47,93169,60420],{"class":138},[47,93171,117],{"class":61},[47,93173,2784],{"class":349},[47,93175,2425],{"class":61},[20,93177,372],{},[38,93179,93180],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93181,93182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93183,93184,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93185,669],{"class":61},[47,93187,436],{"class":349},[47,93189,75],{"class":61},[47,93191,2002],{"class":349},[47,93193,75],{"class":61},[47,93195,2409],{"class":349},[47,93197,75],{"class":61},[47,93199,2414],{"class":349},[47,93201,75],{"class":61},[47,93203,3108],{"class":349},[47,93205,95],{"class":61},[33,93207,93209],{"id":93208},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93211,9520,93212,82763],{},[15,93213,36609],{},[38,93215,93217],{"className":40,"code":93216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93218,93219,93233,93251,93273,93301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93220,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93222,139],{"class":138},[47,93224,117],{"class":61},[47,93226,60420],{"class":138},[47,93228,117],{"class":61},[47,93230,2784],{"class":349},[47,93232,2266],{"class":61},[47,93234,93235,93237,93239,93241,93243,93245,93247,93249],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93236,139],{"class":138},[47,93238,117],{"class":61},[47,93240,1892],{"class":106},[47,93242,117],{"class":61},[47,93244,60420],{"class":138},[47,93246,117],{"class":61},[47,93248,2784],{"class":349},[47,93250,2425],{"class":61},[47,93252,93253,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,93254,139],{"class":138},[47,93256,117],{"class":61},[47,93258,1892],{"class":106},[47,93260,117],{"class":61},[47,93262,60420],{"class":138},[47,93264,117],{"class":61},[47,93266,2705],{"class":349},[47,93268,75],{"class":61},[47,93270,7004],{"class":349},[47,93272,2425],{"class":61},[47,93274,93275,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295,93297,93299],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,93276,139],{"class":138},[47,93278,117],{"class":61},[47,93280,1892],{"class":106},[47,93282,117],{"class":61},[47,93284,60420],{"class":138},[47,93286,117],{"class":61},[47,93288,2981],{"class":349},[47,93290,75],{"class":61},[47,93292,350],{"class":349},[47,93294,75],{"class":61},[47,93296,2871],{"class":57},[47,93298,2705],{"class":349},[47,93300,2425],{"class":61},[47,93302,93303,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,93304,139],{"class":138},[47,93306,117],{"class":61},[47,93308,2392],{"class":106},[47,93310,117],{"class":61},[47,93312,60420],{"class":138},[47,93314,117],{"class":61},[47,93316,2784],{"class":349},[47,93318,2425],{"class":61},[20,93320,26412],{},[174,93322,93323,93326,93329],{},[177,93324,93325],{},"what values are being created",[177,93327,93328],{},"whether the direction is correct",[177,93330,93331,93332,25020],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93333,60420],{},[33,93335,2429],{"id":2428},[244,93337,2433,93339,93341],{"id":93338},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93340,36609],{}," include the last number?",[20,93343,93344],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[244,93346,5801,93348,93350,93351,3143],{"id":93347},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93349,91277],{}," start at ",[15,93352,436],{},[20,93354,93355,93356,110],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93357,436],{},[244,93359,5813,93361,93363],{"id":93360},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93362,36609],{}," count backward?",[20,93365,93366,93367,110],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93368,93369],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[244,93371,15516,93373,26447],{"id":93372},"is-range-a-list",[15,93374,36609],{},[20,93376,26450,93377,93379,93380,24341],{},[15,93378,60420],{}," object. Use ",[15,93381,93382],{},"list(range(...))",[244,93384,5801,93386,49102],{"id":93385},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93387,93388],{},"range(input())",[20,93390,93391,4134,93393,110],{},[15,93392,3609],{},[15,93394,93395],{},"int(input())",[33,93397,2526],{"id":2525},[174,93399,93400,93404,93410,93416,93422],{},[177,93401,93402],{},[210,93403,36439],{"href":36438},[177,93405,93406],{},[210,93407,4226,93408,4159],{"href":42773},[15,93409,42776],{},[177,93411,93412],{},[210,93413,4226,93414,4159],{"href":92446},[15,93415,36159],{},[177,93417,93418],{},[210,93419,37931,93420,37020],{"href":37016},[15,93421,36159],{},[177,93423,93424],{},[210,93425,50942,93426],{"href":50941},[15,93427,50945],{},[2563,93429,93430],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":93432},[93433,93434,93436,93442,93450,93457,93459,93471,93472,93484],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":91286,"depth":98,"text":93435},"What range() does",{"id":91379,"depth":98,"text":93437,"children":93438},"range() syntax",[93439,93440,93441],{"id":91459,"depth":135,"text":91462},{"id":91523,"depth":135,"text":91526},{"id":91591,"depth":135,"text":91594},{"id":91662,"depth":98,"text":91663,"children":93443},[93444,93445,93446,93447,93448],{"id":91669,"depth":135,"text":91277},{"id":91732,"depth":135,"text":91735},{"id":91796,"depth":135,"text":91799},{"id":91872,"depth":135,"text":91873},{"id":77236,"depth":135,"text":93449},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92031,"depth":98,"text":93451,"children":93452},"Using range() in a for loop",[93453,93454,93455],{"id":92133,"depth":135,"text":92134},{"id":92178,"depth":135,"text":92179},{"id":92258,"depth":135,"text":93456},"range() and indexing",{"id":92533,"depth":98,"text":93458},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":93460},[93461,93462,93464,93465,93467,93469],{"id":92716,"depth":135,"text":92717},{"id":92812,"depth":135,"text":93463},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92878,"depth":135,"text":92879},{"id":93013,"depth":135,"text":93466},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93070,"depth":135,"text":93468},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93104,"depth":135,"text":93470},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93208,"depth":98,"text":93209},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":93473},[93474,93476,93478,93480,93482],{"id":93338,"depth":135,"text":93475},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93347,"depth":135,"text":93477},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93360,"depth":135,"text":93479},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93372,"depth":135,"text":93481},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93385,"depth":135,"text":93483},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91180,"description":93485},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93492,"title":93493,"body":93494,"description":95167,"extension":2611,"meta":95168,"navigation":357,"path":95169,"seo":95170,"stem":95171,"__hash__":95172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93495,"toc":95140},[93496,93505,93512,93529,93545,93547,93596,93604,93608,93611,93631,93633,93697,93699,93742,93745,93791,93793,93826,93836,93842,93850,93867,93869,93900,93902,93927,93932,93943,93946,94016,94018,94049,94054,94059,94076,94078,94129,94131,94164,94167,94174,94179,94183,94199,94201,94245,94247,94293,94296,94309,94314,94318,94332,94334,94385,94387,94420,94425,94427,94434,94436,94459,94461,94526,94528,94545,94548,94581,94583,94611,94621,94628,94632,94635,94653,94656,94684,94687,94705,94710,94716,94719,94741,94743,94771,94773,94776,94801,94804,94917,94919,94998,95000,95006,95011,95019,95027,95031,95034,95036,95069,95071,95079,95085,95092,95099,95102,95104,95137],[10,93497,4226,93499,11222,93501,93504],{"id":93498},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93500,36609],{},[15,93502,93503],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93506,93507,5036,93509,93511],{},[15,93508,36609],{},[15,93510,93503],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[174,93513,93514,93522],{},[177,93515,93516,93518,93519],{},[15,93517,36609],{}," creates a ",[278,93520,93521],{},"range object",[177,93523,93524,93518,93526],{},[15,93525,93503],{},[278,93527,93528],{},"real list",[20,93530,93531,93532,93534,93535,93538,93539,93541,93542,93544],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93533,91277],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93536,93537],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93540,36609],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93543,93503],{}," when you actually need a list.",[33,93546,4260],{"id":4259},[38,93548,93550],{"className":40,"code":93549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93551,93552,93566,93579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93553,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93555,4270],{"class":53},[47,93557,58],{"class":57},[47,93559,54490],{"class":138},[47,93561,117],{"class":61},[47,93563,2784],{"class":349},[47,93565,132],{"class":61},[47,93567,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93569,139],{"class":138},[47,93571,117],{"class":61},[47,93573,4300],{"class":113},[47,93575,4313],{"class":61},[47,93577,93578],{"class":152},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[47,93580,93581,93583,93585,93587,93589,93591,93593],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,93582,139],{"class":138},[47,93584,117],{"class":61},[47,93586,1892],{"class":106},[47,93588,117],{"class":61},[47,93590,4300],{"class":113},[47,93592,6006],{"class":61},[47,93594,93595],{"class":152},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93597,156,93598,93600,93601,93603],{},[15,93599,36609],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93602,93503],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[33,93605,93607],{"id":93606},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93609,93610],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[174,93612,93613,93620,93625,93628],{},[177,93614,93615,22377,93617,93619],{},[15,93616,36609],{},[278,93618,93521],{},", not a list",[177,93621,93622,93624],{},[15,93623,93503],{}," converts that range object into a list",[177,93626,93627],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[177,93629,93630],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93632,603],{},[38,93634,93636],{"className":40,"code":93635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93637,93638,93653,93672,93676,93686],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93639,93640,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93641,93642],{"class":53},"r ",[47,93644,58],{"class":57},[47,93646,54490],{"class":138},[47,93648,117],{"class":61},[47,93650,2784],{"class":349},[47,93652,132],{"class":61},[47,93654,93655,93658,93660,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93656,93657],{"class":53},"lst ",[47,93659,58],{"class":57},[47,93661,22962],{"class":106},[47,93663,117],{"class":61},[47,93665,60420],{"class":138},[47,93667,117],{"class":61},[47,93669,2784],{"class":349},[47,93671,2266],{"class":61},[47,93673,93674],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,93675,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,93677,93678,93680,93682,93684],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,93679,139],{"class":138},[47,93681,117],{"class":61},[47,93683,60927],{"class":113},[47,93685,132],{"class":61},[47,93687,93688,93690,93692,93695],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,93689,139],{"class":138},[47,93691,117],{"class":61},[47,93693,93694],{"class":113},"lst",[47,93696,132],{"class":61},[20,93698,372],{},[38,93700,93702],{"className":40,"code":93701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93703,93704,93718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93705,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93707,60420],{"class":138},[47,93709,117],{"class":61},[47,93711,436],{"class":349},[47,93713,75],{"class":61},[47,93715,5249],{"class":349},[47,93717,132],{"class":61},[47,93719,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93721,669],{"class":61},[47,93723,436],{"class":349},[47,93725,75],{"class":61},[47,93727,2002],{"class":349},[47,93729,75],{"class":61},[47,93731,2409],{"class":349},[47,93733,75],{"class":61},[47,93735,2414],{"class":349},[47,93737,75],{"class":61},[47,93739,3108],{"class":349},[47,93741,95],{"class":61},[20,93743,93744],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[38,93746,93748],{"className":40,"code":93747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93749,93750,93768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93751,93752,93754,93756,93758,93760,93762,93764,93766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93753,139],{"class":138},[47,93755,117],{"class":61},[47,93757,2392],{"class":106},[47,93759,117],{"class":61},[47,93761,60420],{"class":138},[47,93763,117],{"class":61},[47,93765,2784],{"class":349},[47,93767,2425],{"class":61},[47,93769,93770,93772,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93771,139],{"class":138},[47,93773,117],{"class":61},[47,93775,2392],{"class":106},[47,93777,117],{"class":61},[47,93779,1892],{"class":106},[47,93781,117],{"class":61},[47,93783,60420],{"class":138},[47,93785,117],{"class":61},[47,93787,2784],{"class":349},[47,93789,93790],{"class":61},"))))\n",[20,93792,372],{},[38,93794,93796],{"className":40,"code":93795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93797,93798,93812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93799,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93801,3941],{"class":57},[47,93803,3944],{"class":2714},[47,93805,398],{"class":65},[47,93807,60420],{"class":69},[47,93809,385],{"class":65},[47,93811,3953],{"class":57},[47,93813,93814,93816,93818,93820,93822,93824],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93815,3941],{"class":57},[47,93817,3944],{"class":2714},[47,93819,398],{"class":65},[47,93821,1892],{"class":69},[47,93823,385],{"class":65},[47,93825,3953],{"class":57},[20,93827,93828,93829,93831,93832,110],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93830,36609],{}," works, see ",[210,93833,4226,93834,4159],{"href":93487},[15,93835,36609],{},[33,93837,164,93839,93841],{"id":93838},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93840,36609],{}," gives you",[20,93843,93844,93846,93847,93849],{},[15,93845,36609],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93848,6601],{}," loops.",[174,93851,93852,93855,93858,93861],{},[177,93853,93854],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[177,93856,93857],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[177,93859,93860],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[177,93862,93863,93864],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93865,93866],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93868,603],{},[38,93870,93872],{"className":40,"code":93871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93873,93874,93890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93875,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93877,6601],{"class":1107},[47,93879,69971],{"class":53},[47,93881,1114],{"class":1107},[47,93883,54490],{"class":138},[47,93885,117],{"class":61},[47,93887,2784],{"class":349},[47,93889,8988],{"class":61},[47,93891,93892,93894,93896,93898],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93893,8715],{"class":138},[47,93895,117],{"class":61},[47,93897,36565],{"class":113},[47,93899,132],{"class":61},[20,93901,372],{},[38,93903,93905],{"className":40,"code":93904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93906,93907,93911,93915,93919,93923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93908,93909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93910,47669],{"class":349},[47,93912,93913],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93914,47334],{"class":349},[47,93916,93917],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,93918,17665],{"class":349},[47,93920,93921],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,93922,47034],{"class":349},[47,93924,93925],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,93926,49068],{"class":349},[20,93928,21172,93929,93931],{},[15,93930,91277],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93933,93934,93935,93937,93938,110],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93936,36609],{}," is so common with ",[210,93939,4226,93941,91308],{"href":93940},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93942,6601],{},[20,93944,93945],{},"You can also inspect it:",[38,93947,93949],{"className":40,"code":93948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93950,93951,93973,93977,93987,94001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93952,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93954,93642],{"class":53},[47,93956,58],{"class":57},[47,93958,54490],{"class":138},[47,93960,117],{"class":61},[47,93962,2705],{"class":349},[47,93964,75],{"class":61},[47,93966,6648],{"class":349},[47,93968,75],{"class":61},[47,93970,2409],{"class":349},[47,93972,132],{"class":61},[47,93974,93975],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,93976,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,93978,93979,93981,93983,93985],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,93980,139],{"class":138},[47,93982,117],{"class":61},[47,93984,60927],{"class":113},[47,93986,132],{"class":61},[47,93988,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997,93999],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,93990,139],{"class":138},[47,93992,117],{"class":61},[47,93994,11798],{"class":138},[47,93996,117],{"class":61},[47,93998,60927],{"class":113},[47,94000,2266],{"class":61},[47,94002,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94014],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,94004,139],{"class":138},[47,94006,117],{"class":61},[47,94008,81017],{"class":349},[47,94010,21575],{"class":1107},[47,94012,94013],{"class":113}," r",[47,94015,132],{"class":61},[20,94017,372],{},[38,94019,94021],{"className":40,"code":94020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,94022,94023,94041,94045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94024,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035,94037,94039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94026,60420],{"class":138},[47,94028,117],{"class":61},[47,94030,2705],{"class":349},[47,94032,75],{"class":61},[47,94034,6648],{"class":349},[47,94036,75],{"class":61},[47,94038,2409],{"class":349},[47,94040,132],{"class":61},[47,94042,94043],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94044,49068],{"class":349},[47,94046,94047],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94048,4620],{"class":559},[33,94050,164,94052,93841],{"id":94051},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,94053,93503],{},[20,94055,94056,94058],{},[15,94057,93503],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[174,94060,94061,94064,94067,94070],{},[177,94062,94063],{},"It creates all values at once",[177,94065,94066],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[177,94068,94069],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[177,94071,94072,94073,94075],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,94074,36609],{}," for very large sequences",[20,94077,603],{},[38,94079,94081],{"className":40,"code":94080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,94082,94083,94101,94105,94115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94084,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94086,4270],{"class":53},[47,94088,58],{"class":57},[47,94090,22962],{"class":106},[47,94092,117],{"class":61},[47,94094,60420],{"class":138},[47,94096,117],{"class":61},[47,94098,2784],{"class":349},[47,94100,2266],{"class":61},[47,94102,94103],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94104,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,94106,94107,94109,94111,94113],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94108,139],{"class":138},[47,94110,117],{"class":61},[47,94112,4300],{"class":113},[47,94114,132],{"class":61},[47,94116,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,94118,139],{"class":138},[47,94120,117],{"class":61},[47,94122,4300],{"class":113},[47,94124,669],{"class":61},[47,94126,2705],{"class":349},[47,94128,2166],{"class":61},[20,94130,372],{},[38,94132,94134],{"className":40,"code":94133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94135,94136,94160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94137,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94139,669],{"class":61},[47,94141,436],{"class":349},[47,94143,75],{"class":61},[47,94145,2002],{"class":349},[47,94147,75],{"class":61},[47,94149,2409],{"class":349},[47,94151,75],{"class":61},[47,94153,2414],{"class":349},[47,94155,75],{"class":61},[47,94157,3108],{"class":349},[47,94159,95],{"class":61},[47,94161,94162],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94163,17665],{"class":349},[20,94165,94166],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94168,94169,94170,110],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[210,94171,4226,94172,4159],{"href":65270},[15,94173,25184],{},[33,94175,1216,94177],{"id":94176},"when-to-use-range",[15,94178,36609],{},[20,94180,156,94181,11238],{},[15,94182,36609],{},[174,94184,94185,94190,94193,94196],{},[177,94186,94187,94188,92037],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94189,6601],{},[177,94191,94192],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[177,94194,94195],{},"You are working with large sequences",[177,94197,94198],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94200,603],{},[38,94202,94204],{"className":40,"code":94203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94205,94206,94226],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94207,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94209,6601],{"class":1107},[47,94211,69971],{"class":53},[47,94213,1114],{"class":1107},[47,94215,54490],{"class":138},[47,94217,117],{"class":61},[47,94219,917],{"class":349},[47,94221,75],{"class":61},[47,94223,38056],{"class":349},[47,94225,8988],{"class":61},[47,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94237,94239,94241,94243],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94229,8715],{"class":138},[47,94231,117],{"class":61},[47,94233,66],{"class":65},[47,94235,94236],{"class":69},"Count:",[47,94238,66],{"class":65},[47,94240,75],{"class":61},[47,94242,36540],{"class":113},[47,94244,132],{"class":61},[20,94246,372],{},[38,94248,94250],{"className":40,"code":94249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94251,94252,94261,94269,94277,94285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94253,94254,94257,94259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94255,94256],{"class":53},"Count",[47,94258,172],{"class":61},[47,94260,30020],{"class":349},[47,94262,94263,94265,94267],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94264,94256],{"class":53},[47,94266,172],{"class":61},[47,94268,46006],{"class":349},[47,94270,94271,94273,94275],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94272,94256],{"class":53},[47,94274,172],{"class":61},[47,94276,3229],{"class":349},[47,94278,94279,94281,94283],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,94280,94256],{"class":53},[47,94282,172],{"class":61},[47,94284,24066],{"class":349},[47,94286,94287,94289,94291],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,94288,94256],{"class":53},[47,94290,172],{"class":61},[47,94292,35251],{"class":349},[20,94294,94295],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94297,94298,94299,94301,94302,62710,94304,110],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94300,36159],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94303,37010],{},[210,94305,37017,94307,37020],{"href":94306},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94308,36159],{},[33,94310,1216,94312],{"id":94311},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94313,93503],{},[20,94315,156,94316,11238],{},[15,94317,93503],{},[174,94319,94320,94323,94326,94329],{},[177,94321,94322],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[177,94324,94325],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[177,94327,94328],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[177,94330,94331],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94333,603],{},[38,94335,94337],{"className":40,"code":94336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94338,94339,94357,94371,94375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94340,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94342,4270],{"class":53},[47,94344,58],{"class":57},[47,94346,22962],{"class":106},[47,94348,117],{"class":61},[47,94350,60420],{"class":138},[47,94352,117],{"class":61},[47,94354,2784],{"class":349},[47,94356,2266],{"class":61},[47,94358,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94360,4300],{"class":53},[47,94362,110],{"class":61},[47,94364,912],{"class":113},[47,94366,117],{"class":61},[47,94368,2784],{"class":349},[47,94370,132],{"class":61},[47,94372,94373],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94374,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,94376,94377,94379,94381,94383],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,94378,139],{"class":138},[47,94380,117],{"class":61},[47,94382,4300],{"class":113},[47,94384,132],{"class":61},[20,94386,372],{},[38,94388,94390],{"className":40,"code":94389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94391,94392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94393,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416,94418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94395,669],{"class":61},[47,94397,436],{"class":349},[47,94399,75],{"class":61},[47,94401,2002],{"class":349},[47,94403,75],{"class":61},[47,94405,2409],{"class":349},[47,94407,75],{"class":61},[47,94409,2414],{"class":349},[47,94411,75],{"class":61},[47,94413,3108],{"class":349},[47,94415,75],{"class":61},[47,94417,5249],{"class":349},[47,94419,95],{"class":61},[20,94421,6704,94422,94424],{},[15,94423,4300],{}," is a list.",[33,94426,16206],{"id":16205},[20,94428,94429,94431,94432,110],{},[15,94430,36609],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[278,94433,38010],{},[20,94435,2756],{},[174,94437,94438,94440,94445,94450,94453],{},[177,94439,22387],{},[177,94441,94442,94443],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94444,42776],{},[177,94446,94447,94448],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94449,1114],{},[177,94451,94452],{},"You can index it",[177,94454,94455,94456,94458],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94457,53072],{}," do not work on it",[20,94460,603],{},[38,94462,94464],{"className":40,"code":94463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94465,94466,94480,94484,94498,94512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94467,94468,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94469,93642],{"class":53},[47,94471,58],{"class":57},[47,94473,54490],{"class":138},[47,94475,117],{"class":61},[47,94477,2784],{"class":349},[47,94479,132],{"class":61},[47,94481,94482],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94483,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,94485,94486,94488,94490,94492,94494,94496],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94487,139],{"class":138},[47,94489,117],{"class":61},[47,94491,60927],{"class":113},[47,94493,669],{"class":61},[47,94495,2705],{"class":349},[47,94497,2166],{"class":61},[47,94499,94500,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,94501,139],{"class":138},[47,94503,117],{"class":61},[47,94505,11798],{"class":138},[47,94507,117],{"class":61},[47,94509,60927],{"class":113},[47,94511,2266],{"class":61},[47,94513,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,94515,139],{"class":138},[47,94517,117],{"class":61},[47,94519,2711],{"class":349},[47,94521,21575],{"class":1107},[47,94523,94013],{"class":113},[47,94525,132],{"class":61},[20,94527,372],{},[38,94529,94531],{"className":40,"code":94530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94532,94533,94537,94541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94534,94535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94536,17665],{"class":349},[47,94538,94539],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94540,3598],{"class":349},[47,94542,94543],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94544,4620],{"class":559},[20,94546,94547],{},"Now compare that with this:",[38,94549,94551],{"className":40,"code":94550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94552,94553,94567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94554,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94556,93642],{"class":53},[47,94558,58],{"class":57},[47,94560,54490],{"class":138},[47,94562,117],{"class":61},[47,94564,2784],{"class":349},[47,94566,132],{"class":61},[47,94568,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94570,60927],{"class":53},[47,94572,110],{"class":61},[47,94574,912],{"class":113},[47,94576,117],{"class":61},[47,94578,2784],{"class":349},[47,94580,132],{"class":61},[20,94582,372],{},[38,94584,94586],{"className":40,"code":94585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94587,94588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94589,94590,94592,94594,94596,94598,94600,94602,94605,94607,94609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94591,26075],{"class":106},[47,94593,172],{"class":61},[47,94595,398],{"class":65},[47,94597,60420],{"class":69},[47,94599,385],{"class":65},[47,94601,25020],{"class":106},[47,94603,94604],{"class":53}," has no attribute ",[47,94606,385],{"class":65},[47,94608,912],{"class":69},[47,94610,30105],{"class":65},[20,94612,94613,94614,2838,94616,2842,94618,94620],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94615,53072],{},[15,94617,55949],{},[15,94619,64734],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94622,94623,94624,110],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[210,94625,26083,94626],{"href":35829},[15,94627,34663],{},[33,94629,94631],{"id":94630},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94633,94634],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[38,94636,94637],{"className":40,"code":93113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94638,94639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94640,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94642,139],{"class":138},[47,94644,117],{"class":61},[47,94646,60420],{"class":138},[47,94648,117],{"class":61},[47,94650,2784],{"class":349},[47,94652,2266],{"class":61},[20,94654,94655],{},"to show:",[38,94657,94658],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94659,94660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94661,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676,94678,94680,94682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94663,669],{"class":61},[47,94665,436],{"class":349},[47,94667,75],{"class":61},[47,94669,2002],{"class":349},[47,94671,75],{"class":61},[47,94673,2409],{"class":349},[47,94675,75],{"class":61},[47,94677,2414],{"class":349},[47,94679,75],{"class":61},[47,94681,3108],{"class":349},[47,94683,95],{"class":61},[20,94685,94686],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[38,94688,94689],{"className":40,"code":93134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94690,94691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94692,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701,94703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94694,60420],{"class":138},[47,94696,117],{"class":61},[47,94698,436],{"class":349},[47,94700,75],{"class":61},[47,94702,5249],{"class":349},[47,94704,132],{"class":61},[20,94706,5272,94707,94709],{},[278,94708,1369],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94711,94712,94713,94715],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[278,94714,93521],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94717,94718],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[38,94720,94721],{"className":40,"code":91470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94722,94723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94724,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94726,139],{"class":138},[47,94728,117],{"class":61},[47,94730,1892],{"class":106},[47,94732,117],{"class":61},[47,94734,60420],{"class":138},[47,94736,117],{"class":61},[47,94738,2784],{"class":349},[47,94740,2425],{"class":61},[20,94742,372],{},[38,94744,94745],{"className":40,"code":60443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94746,94747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94748,94749,94751,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94750,669],{"class":61},[47,94752,436],{"class":349},[47,94754,75],{"class":61},[47,94756,2002],{"class":349},[47,94758,75],{"class":61},[47,94760,2409],{"class":349},[47,94762,75],{"class":61},[47,94764,2414],{"class":349},[47,94766,75],{"class":61},[47,94768,3108],{"class":349},[47,94770,95],{"class":61},[33,94772,1641],{"id":1640},[20,94774,94775],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[174,94777,94778,94784,94787,94793],{},[177,94779,453,94780,94783],{},[15,94781,94782],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[177,94785,94786],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[177,94788,94789,94790,94792],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94791,36609],{}," is iterable but not a list",[177,94794,453,94795,94797,94798,94800],{},[15,94796,93503],{}," when plain ",[15,94799,36609],{}," would be simpler",[20,94802,94803],{},"These quick checks can help:",[38,94805,94807],{"className":40,"code":94806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94808,94809,94823,94841,94859,94881,94899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94810,94811,94813,94815,94817,94819,94821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94812,139],{"class":138},[47,94814,117],{"class":61},[47,94816,60420],{"class":138},[47,94818,117],{"class":61},[47,94820,2784],{"class":349},[47,94822,2266],{"class":61},[47,94824,94825,94827,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837,94839],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94826,139],{"class":138},[47,94828,117],{"class":61},[47,94830,1892],{"class":106},[47,94832,117],{"class":61},[47,94834,60420],{"class":138},[47,94836,117],{"class":61},[47,94838,2784],{"class":349},[47,94840,2425],{"class":61},[47,94842,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851,94853,94855,94857],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94844,139],{"class":138},[47,94846,117],{"class":61},[47,94848,2392],{"class":106},[47,94850,117],{"class":61},[47,94852,60420],{"class":138},[47,94854,117],{"class":61},[47,94856,2784],{"class":349},[47,94858,2425],{"class":61},[47,94860,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869,94871,94873,94875,94877,94879],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,94862,139],{"class":138},[47,94864,117],{"class":61},[47,94866,2392],{"class":106},[47,94868,117],{"class":61},[47,94870,1892],{"class":106},[47,94872,117],{"class":61},[47,94874,60420],{"class":138},[47,94876,117],{"class":61},[47,94878,2784],{"class":349},[47,94880,93790],{"class":61},[47,94882,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,94884,139],{"class":138},[47,94886,117],{"class":61},[47,94888,2711],{"class":349},[47,94890,21575],{"class":1107},[47,94892,54490],{"class":138},[47,94894,117],{"class":61},[47,94896,2784],{"class":349},[47,94898,2266],{"class":61},[47,94900,94901,94903,94905,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,94902,139],{"class":138},[47,94904,117],{"class":61},[47,94906,11798],{"class":138},[47,94908,117],{"class":61},[47,94910,60420],{"class":138},[47,94912,117],{"class":61},[47,94914,2784],{"class":349},[47,94916,2425],{"class":61},[20,94918,372],{},[38,94920,94922],{"className":40,"code":94921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94923,94924,94938,94962,94976,94990,94994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94925,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94927,60420],{"class":138},[47,94929,117],{"class":61},[47,94931,436],{"class":349},[47,94933,75],{"class":61},[47,94935,5249],{"class":349},[47,94937,132],{"class":61},[47,94939,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,94941,669],{"class":61},[47,94943,436],{"class":349},[47,94945,75],{"class":61},[47,94947,2002],{"class":349},[47,94949,75],{"class":61},[47,94951,2409],{"class":349},[47,94953,75],{"class":61},[47,94955,2414],{"class":349},[47,94957,75],{"class":61},[47,94959,3108],{"class":349},[47,94961,95],{"class":61},[47,94963,94964,94966,94968,94970,94972,94974],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,94965,3941],{"class":57},[47,94967,3944],{"class":2714},[47,94969,398],{"class":65},[47,94971,60420],{"class":69},[47,94973,385],{"class":65},[47,94975,3953],{"class":57},[47,94977,94978,94980,94982,94984,94986,94988],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,94979,3941],{"class":57},[47,94981,3944],{"class":2714},[47,94983,398],{"class":65},[47,94985,1892],{"class":69},[47,94987,385],{"class":65},[47,94989,3953],{"class":57},[47,94991,94992],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,94993,4620],{"class":559},[47,94995,94996],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,94997,3598],{"class":349},[33,94999,2429],{"id":2428},[244,95001,15516,95003,95005],{"id":95002},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,95004,36609],{}," a list in Python?",[20,95007,46782,95008,95010],{},[15,95009,36609],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[244,95012,95014,95015,11728,95017,3143],{"id":95013},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,95016,36609],{},[15,95018,93503],{},[20,95020,95021,95023,95024,95026],{},[15,95022,36609],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,95025,93503],{}," creates a full list.",[244,95028,95030],{"id":95029},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,95032,95033],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,95035,603],{},[38,95037,95039],{"className":40,"code":95038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,95040,95041,95055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95042,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95044,93642],{"class":53},[47,95046,58],{"class":57},[47,95048,54490],{"class":138},[47,95050,117],{"class":61},[47,95052,2784],{"class":349},[47,95054,132],{"class":61},[47,95056,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95058,139],{"class":138},[47,95060,117],{"class":61},[47,95062,60927],{"class":113},[47,95064,669],{"class":61},[47,95066,917],{"class":349},[47,95068,2166],{"class":61},[20,95070,372],{},[38,95072,95073],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95074,95075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95076,95077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95078,47334],{"class":349},[244,95080,5801,95082,95084],{"id":95081},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,95083,94782],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,95086,95087,95088,95091],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,95089,95090],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[244,95093,95095,95096,95098],{"id":95094},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,95097,36609],{}," to a list?",[20,95100,95101],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[33,95103,2526],{"id":2525},[174,95105,95106,95112,95118,95125,95131],{},[177,95107,95108],{},[210,95109,4226,95110,4159],{"href":93487},[15,95111,36609],{},[177,95113,95114],{},[210,95115,4226,95116,4159],{"href":65270},[15,95117,25184],{},[177,95119,95120],{},[210,95121,4226,95122,95124],{"href":93940},[15,95123,6601],{}," loops explained",[177,95126,95127],{},[210,95128,37931,95129,37020],{"href":94306},[15,95130,36159],{},[177,95132,95133],{},[210,95134,26526,95135],{"href":35829},[15,95136,34663],{},[2563,95138,95139],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":95141},[95142,95143,95144,95146,95148,95150,95152,95153,95154,95155,95166],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":93606,"depth":98,"text":93607},{"id":93838,"depth":98,"text":95145},"What range() gives you",{"id":94051,"depth":98,"text":95147},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94176,"depth":98,"text":95149},"When to use range()",{"id":94311,"depth":98,"text":95151},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16205,"depth":98,"text":16206},{"id":94630,"depth":98,"text":94631},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":95156},[95157,95159,95161,95162,95164],{"id":95002,"depth":135,"text":95158},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95013,"depth":135,"text":95160},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95029,"depth":135,"text":95030},{"id":95081,"depth":135,"text":95163},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95094,"depth":135,"text":95165},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93493,"description":95167},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95174,"title":95175,"body":95176,"description":96612,"extension":2611,"meta":96613,"navigation":357,"path":96614,"seo":96615,"stem":96616,"__hash__":96617},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95177,"toc":96578},[95178,95184,95189,95192,95206,95209,95211,95250,95252,95265,95273,95278,95294,95297,95299,95301,95322,95339,95342,95401,95403,95422,95427,95433,95436,95470,95472,95485,95488,95533,95535,95558,95565,95571,95574,95615,95617,95631,95634,95692,95694,95709,95722,95728,95734,95799,95801,95820,95822,95840,95843,95847,95853,95855,95888,95890,95903,95913,95916,95977,95979,96000,96003,96005,96021,96026,96030,96035,96040,96096,96098,96116,96119,96164,96166,96174,96179,96183,96197,96199,96231,96233,96242,96244,96248,96257,96260,96292,96294,96306,96309,96313,96318,96359,96361,96369,96372,96395,96399,96401,96410,96413,96466,96468,96477,96481,96486,96497,96499,96508,96511,96517,96520,96526,96536,96544,96551,96553,96575],[10,95179,4226,95181,4230],{"id":95180},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95182,95183],{},"round()",[20,95185,9768,95186,95188],{},[15,95187,95183],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95190,95191],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[174,95193,95194,95200],{},[177,95195,95196,95199],{},[15,95197,95198],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[177,95201,95202,95205],{},[15,95203,95204],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95207,95208],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[33,95210,36],{"id":35},[38,95212,95214],{"className":40,"code":95213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95215,95216,95232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95217,95218,95220,95222,95225,95227,95230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95219,139],{"class":138},[47,95221,117],{"class":61},[47,95223,95224],{"class":138},"round",[47,95226,117],{"class":61},[47,95228,95229],{"class":349},"3.14159",[47,95231,2266],{"class":61},[47,95233,95234,95236,95238,95240,95242,95244,95246,95248],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95235,139],{"class":138},[47,95237,117],{"class":61},[47,95239,95224],{"class":138},[47,95241,117],{"class":61},[47,95243,95229],{"class":349},[47,95245,75],{"class":61},[47,95247,2409],{"class":349},[47,95249,2266],{"class":61},[20,95251,372],{},[38,95253,95255],{"className":40,"code":95254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95256,95257,95261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95258,95259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95260,47034],{"class":349},[47,95262,95263],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95264,40591],{"class":349},[20,95266,156,95267,95269,95270,95272],{},[15,95268,95198],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95271,95204],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[33,95274,164,95276,167],{"id":95275},"what-round-does",[15,95277,95183],{},[174,95279,95280,95285,95288,95291],{},[177,95281,95282,95284],{},[15,95283,95183],{}," is a built-in Python function",[177,95286,95287],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[177,95289,95290],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[177,95292,95293],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95295,95296],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[33,95298,2806],{"id":2805},[20,95300,2809],{},[38,95302,95304],{"className":40,"code":95303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95305,95306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95307,95308,95310,95312,95314,95317,95320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95309,95224],{"class":138},[47,95311,117],{"class":61},[47,95313,2889],{"class":113},[47,95315,95316],{"class":61},"[,",[47,95318,95319],{"class":113}," ndigits",[47,95321,2166],{"class":61},[174,95323,95324,95329,95334],{},[177,95325,95326,95328],{},[15,95327,2889],{}," is the value to round",[177,95330,95331,20440],{},[15,95332,95333],{},"ndigits",[177,95335,95336,95338],{},[15,95337,95333],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95340,95341],{},"Basic examples:",[38,95343,95345],{"className":40,"code":95344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95346,95347,95362,95380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95348,95349,95351,95353,95355,95357,95360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95350,139],{"class":138},[47,95352,117],{"class":61},[47,95354,95224],{"class":138},[47,95356,117],{"class":61},[47,95358,95359],{"class":349},"7.8",[47,95361,2266],{"class":61},[47,95363,95364,95366,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95365,139],{"class":138},[47,95367,117],{"class":61},[47,95369,95224],{"class":138},[47,95371,117],{"class":61},[47,95373,95359],{"class":349},[47,95375,75],{"class":61},[47,95377,2002],{"class":349},[47,95379,2266],{"class":61},[47,95381,95382,95384,95386,95388,95390,95393,95395,95397,95399],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95383,139],{"class":138},[47,95385,117],{"class":61},[47,95387,95224],{"class":138},[47,95389,117],{"class":61},[47,95391,95392],{"class":349},"1234",[47,95394,75],{"class":61},[47,95396,2871],{"class":57},[47,95398,2705],{"class":349},[47,95400,2266],{"class":61},[20,95402,372],{},[38,95404,95406],{"className":40,"code":95405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95407,95408,95412,95417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95409,95410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95411,3032],{"class":349},[47,95413,95414],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95415,95416],{"class":349},"7.8\n",[47,95418,95419],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95420,95421],{"class":349},"1200\n",[20,95423,95424,95425,110],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[210,95426,3071],{"href":3070},[33,95428,453,95430,95432],{"id":95429},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95431,95183],{}," with one argument",[20,95434,95435],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[38,95437,95439],{"className":40,"code":95438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95440,95441,95455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95442,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451,95453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95444,139],{"class":138},[47,95446,117],{"class":61},[47,95448,95224],{"class":138},[47,95450,117],{"class":61},[47,95452,3013],{"class":349},[47,95454,2266],{"class":61},[47,95456,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465,95468],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95458,139],{"class":138},[47,95460,117],{"class":61},[47,95462,95224],{"class":138},[47,95464,117],{"class":61},[47,95466,95467],{"class":349},"4.8",[47,95469,2266],{"class":61},[20,95471,372],{},[38,95473,95475],{"className":40,"code":95474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n5\n",[15,95476,95477,95481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95478,95479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95480,49068],{"class":349},[47,95482,95483],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95484,3598],{"class":349},[20,95486,95487],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[38,95489,95491],{"className":40,"code":95490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95492,95493,95509,95519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95494,95495,95497,95499,95502,95504,95507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95496,2879],{"class":53},[47,95498,58],{"class":57},[47,95500,95501],{"class":138}," round",[47,95503,117],{"class":61},[47,95505,95506],{"class":349},"10.2",[47,95508,132],{"class":61},[47,95510,95511,95513,95515,95517],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95512,139],{"class":138},[47,95514,117],{"class":61},[47,95516,2914],{"class":113},[47,95518,132],{"class":61},[47,95520,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95522,139],{"class":138},[47,95524,117],{"class":61},[47,95526,2392],{"class":106},[47,95528,117],{"class":61},[47,95530,2914],{"class":113},[47,95532,2266],{"class":61},[20,95534,372],{},[38,95536,95538],{"className":40,"code":95537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95539,95540,95544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95541,95542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95543,3027],{"class":349},[47,95545,95546,95548,95550,95552,95554,95556],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95547,3941],{"class":57},[47,95549,3944],{"class":2714},[47,95551,398],{"class":65},[47,95553,2837],{"class":69},[47,95555,385],{"class":65},[47,95557,3953],{"class":57},[20,95559,95560,95561,110],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[210,95562,4226,95563,4159],{"href":3526},[15,95564,3529],{},[33,95566,453,95568,95570],{"id":95567},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95569,95183],{}," with decimal places",[20,95572,95573],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[38,95575,95577],{"className":40,"code":95576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95578,95579,95597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95580,95581,95583,95585,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95582,139],{"class":138},[47,95584,117],{"class":61},[47,95586,95224],{"class":138},[47,95588,117],{"class":61},[47,95590,95229],{"class":349},[47,95592,75],{"class":61},[47,95594,2409],{"class":349},[47,95596,2266],{"class":61},[47,95598,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95600,139],{"class":138},[47,95602,117],{"class":61},[47,95604,95224],{"class":138},[47,95606,117],{"class":61},[47,95608,95229],{"class":349},[47,95610,75],{"class":61},[47,95612,2414],{"class":349},[47,95614,2266],{"class":61},[20,95616,372],{},[38,95618,95620],{"className":40,"code":95619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95621,95622,95626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95623,95624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95625,40591],{"class":349},[47,95627,95628],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95629,95630],{"class":349},"3.142\n",[20,95632,95633],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[38,95635,95637],{"className":40,"code":95636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95638,95639,95648,95667,95671,95681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95640,95641,95643,95645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95642,40801],{"class":53},[47,95644,58],{"class":57},[47,95646,95647],{"class":349}," 19.9876\n",[47,95649,95650,95653,95655,95657,95659,95661,95663,95665],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95651,95652],{"class":53},"rounded_price ",[47,95654,58],{"class":57},[47,95656,95501],{"class":138},[47,95658,117],{"class":61},[47,95660,25553],{"class":113},[47,95662,75],{"class":61},[47,95664,2409],{"class":349},[47,95666,132],{"class":61},[47,95668,95669],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95670,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,95672,95673,95675,95677,95679],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,95674,139],{"class":138},[47,95676,117],{"class":61},[47,95678,25553],{"class":113},[47,95680,132],{"class":61},[47,95682,95683,95685,95687,95690],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,95684,139],{"class":138},[47,95686,117],{"class":61},[47,95688,95689],{"class":113},"rounded_price",[47,95691,132],{"class":61},[20,95693,372],{},[38,95695,95697],{"className":40,"code":95696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95698,95699,95704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95700,95701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95702,95703],{"class":349},"19.9876\n",[47,95705,95706],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95707,95708],{"class":349},"19.99\n",[20,95710,95711,95712,95715,95716,3530,95718,110],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95713,95714],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[210,95717,41306],{"href":41305},[210,95719,4226,95720,4159],{"href":3533},[15,95721,3536],{},[33,95723,95725,95726],{"id":95724},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95727,95333],{},[20,95729,95730,95731,95733],{},"A negative ",[15,95732,95333],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[38,95735,95737],{"className":40,"code":95736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95738,95739,95759,95779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95740,95741,95743,95745,95747,95749,95751,95753,95755,95757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95742,139],{"class":138},[47,95744,117],{"class":61},[47,95746,95224],{"class":138},[47,95748,117],{"class":61},[47,95750,95392],{"class":349},[47,95752,75],{"class":61},[47,95754,2871],{"class":57},[47,95756,917],{"class":349},[47,95758,2266],{"class":61},[47,95760,95761,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773,95775,95777],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95762,139],{"class":138},[47,95764,117],{"class":61},[47,95766,95224],{"class":138},[47,95768,117],{"class":61},[47,95770,95392],{"class":349},[47,95772,75],{"class":61},[47,95774,2871],{"class":57},[47,95776,2705],{"class":349},[47,95778,2266],{"class":61},[47,95780,95781,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95782,139],{"class":138},[47,95784,117],{"class":61},[47,95786,95224],{"class":138},[47,95788,117],{"class":61},[47,95790,95392],{"class":349},[47,95792,75],{"class":61},[47,95794,2871],{"class":57},[47,95796,2711],{"class":349},[47,95798,2266],{"class":61},[20,95800,372],{},[38,95802,95804],{"className":40,"code":95803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95805,95806,95811,95815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95807,95808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95809,95810],{"class":349},"1230\n",[47,95812,95813],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95814,95421],{"class":349},[47,95816,95817],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95818,95819],{"class":349},"1000\n",[20,95821,66007],{},[174,95823,95824,95829,95835],{},[177,95825,95826,95828],{},[15,95827,66277],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[177,95830,95831,95834],{},[15,95832,95833],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[177,95836,95837,95839],{},[15,95838,48088],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95841,95842],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[33,95844,95846],{"id":95845},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95848,95849,95850,110],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95851,95852],{},".5",[20,95854,6117],{},[38,95856,95858],{"className":40,"code":95857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95859,95860,95874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95861,95862,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95863,139],{"class":138},[47,95865,117],{"class":61},[47,95867,95224],{"class":138},[47,95869,117],{"class":61},[47,95871,41573],{"class":349},[47,95873,2266],{"class":61},[47,95875,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884,95886],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95877,139],{"class":138},[47,95879,117],{"class":61},[47,95881,95224],{"class":138},[47,95883,117],{"class":61},[47,95885,2688],{"class":349},[47,95887,2266],{"class":61},[20,95889,372],{},[38,95891,95893],{"className":40,"code":95892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n4\n",[15,95894,95895,95899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95896,95897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95898,17665],{"class":349},[47,95900,95901],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95902,49068],{"class":349},[20,95904,95905,95906,95909,95910,95912],{},"Python uses ",[278,95907,95908],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95911,95852],{}," situations.",[20,95914,95915],{},"More examples:",[38,95917,95919],{"className":40,"code":95918,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95920,95921,95935,95949,95963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95922,95923,95925,95927,95929,95931,95933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95924,139],{"class":138},[47,95926,117],{"class":61},[47,95928,95224],{"class":138},[47,95930,117],{"class":61},[47,95932,41586],{"class":349},[47,95934,2266],{"class":61},[47,95936,95937,95939,95941,95943,95945,95947],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95938,139],{"class":138},[47,95940,117],{"class":61},[47,95942,95224],{"class":138},[47,95944,117],{"class":61},[47,95946,41573],{"class":349},[47,95948,2266],{"class":61},[47,95950,95951,95953,95955,95957,95959,95961],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95952,139],{"class":138},[47,95954,117],{"class":61},[47,95956,95224],{"class":138},[47,95958,117],{"class":61},[47,95960,2688],{"class":349},[47,95962,2266],{"class":61},[47,95964,95965,95967,95969,95971,95973,95975],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,95966,139],{"class":138},[47,95968,117],{"class":61},[47,95970,95224],{"class":138},[47,95972,117],{"class":61},[47,95974,41538],{"class":349},[47,95976,2266],{"class":61},[20,95978,372],{},[38,95980,95982],{"className":40,"code":95981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95983,95984,95988,95992,95996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95985,95986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95987,17665],{"class":349},[47,95989,95990],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,95991,17665],{"class":349},[47,95993,95994],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,95995,49068],{"class":349},[47,95997,95998],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,95999,49068],{"class":349},[20,96001,96002],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,96004,11350],{},[174,96006,96007,96014],{},[177,96008,96009,2781,96012],{},[15,96010,96011],{},"round(2.5)",[15,96013,2705],{},[177,96015,96016,2781,96019],{},[15,96017,96018],{},"round(3.5)",[15,96020,3156],{},[20,96022,3820,96023,96025],{},[15,96024,95852],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[33,96027,96029],{"id":96028},"return-values","Return values",[20,96031,96032,96034],{},[15,96033,95183],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,96036,41320,96037,96039],{},[278,96038,1369],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[38,96041,96043],{"className":40,"code":96042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,96044,96045,96054,96058,96068,96086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96046,96047,96049,96051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96048,3098],{"class":53},[47,96050,58],{"class":57},[47,96052,96053],{"class":349}," 3.14159\n",[47,96055,96056],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96057,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,96059,96060,96062,96064,96066],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,96061,139],{"class":138},[47,96063,117],{"class":61},[47,96065,259],{"class":113},[47,96067,132],{"class":61},[47,96069,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078,96080,96082,96084],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,96071,139],{"class":138},[47,96073,117],{"class":61},[47,96075,95224],{"class":138},[47,96077,117],{"class":61},[47,96079,259],{"class":113},[47,96081,75],{"class":61},[47,96083,2409],{"class":349},[47,96085,2266],{"class":61},[47,96087,96088,96090,96092,96094],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,96089,139],{"class":138},[47,96091,117],{"class":61},[47,96093,259],{"class":113},[47,96095,132],{"class":61},[20,96097,372],{},[38,96099,96101],{"className":40,"code":96100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,96102,96103,96108,96112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96104,96105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96106,96107],{"class":349},"3.14159\n",[47,96109,96110],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96111,40591],{"class":349},[47,96113,96114],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,96115,96107],{"class":349},[20,96117,96118],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[38,96120,96122],{"className":40,"code":96121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96123,96124,96132,96150,96154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96125,96126,96128,96130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96127,3098],{"class":53},[47,96129,58],{"class":57},[47,96131,96053],{"class":349},[47,96133,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142,96144,96146,96148],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96135,3098],{"class":53},[47,96137,58],{"class":57},[47,96139,95501],{"class":138},[47,96141,117],{"class":61},[47,96143,259],{"class":113},[47,96145,75],{"class":61},[47,96147,2409],{"class":349},[47,96149,132],{"class":61},[47,96151,96152],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,96153,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,96155,96156,96158,96160,96162],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,96157,139],{"class":138},[47,96159,117],{"class":61},[47,96161,259],{"class":113},[47,96163,132],{"class":61},[20,96165,372],{},[38,96167,96168],{"className":40,"code":40591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96169,96170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96171,96172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96173,40591],{"class":349},[33,96175,1216,96177],{"id":96176},"when-to-use-round",[15,96178,95183],{},[20,96180,156,96181,6962],{},[15,96182,95183],{},[174,96184,96185,96188,96191,96194],{},[177,96186,96187],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[177,96189,96190],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[177,96192,96193],{},"Round values before reporting results",[177,96195,96196],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96198,6117],{},[38,96200,96202],{"className":40,"code":96201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96203,96204,96213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96205,96206,96208,96210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96207,3248],{"class":53},[47,96209,58],{"class":57},[47,96211,96212],{"class":349}," 12.67891\n",[47,96214,96215,96217,96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96216,139],{"class":138},[47,96218,117],{"class":61},[47,96220,95224],{"class":138},[47,96222,117],{"class":61},[47,96224,3271],{"class":113},[47,96226,75],{"class":61},[47,96228,2409],{"class":349},[47,96230,2266],{"class":61},[20,96232,372],{},[38,96234,96236],{"className":40,"code":96235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"12.68\n",[15,96237,96238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96239,96240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96241,96235],{"class":349},[33,96243,1641],{"id":1640},[20,96245,23497,96246,110],{},[15,96247,95183],{},[244,96249,1968,96251,96253,96254,96256],{"id":96250},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96252,95183],{}," to always round ",[15,96255,95852],{}," upward",[20,96258,96259],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[38,96261,96262],{"className":40,"code":95857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96263,96264,96278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96265,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96267,139],{"class":138},[47,96269,117],{"class":61},[47,96271,95224],{"class":138},[47,96273,117],{"class":61},[47,96275,41573],{"class":349},[47,96277,2266],{"class":61},[47,96279,96280,96282,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96281,139],{"class":138},[47,96283,117],{"class":61},[47,96285,95224],{"class":138},[47,96287,117],{"class":61},[47,96289,2688],{"class":349},[47,96291,2266],{"class":61},[20,96293,372],{},[38,96295,96296],{"className":40,"code":95892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96297,96298,96302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96299,96300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96301,17665],{"class":349},[47,96303,96304],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96305,49068],{"class":349},[20,96307,96308],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[244,96310,96312],{"id":96311},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96314,96315,96317],{},[15,96316,95183],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[38,96319,96321],{"className":40,"code":96320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96322,96323,96331,96345,96349],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96324,96325,96327,96329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96326,3098],{"class":53},[47,96328,58],{"class":57},[47,96330,96053],{"class":349},[47,96332,96333,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96334,95224],{"class":138},[47,96336,117],{"class":61},[47,96338,259],{"class":113},[47,96340,75],{"class":61},[47,96342,2409],{"class":349},[47,96344,132],{"class":61},[47,96346,96347],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,96348,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,96350,96351,96353,96355,96357],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,96352,139],{"class":138},[47,96354,117],{"class":61},[47,96356,259],{"class":113},[47,96358,132],{"class":61},[20,96360,372],{},[38,96362,96363],{"className":40,"code":96107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96364,96365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96366,96367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96368,96107],{"class":349},[20,96370,96371],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[38,96373,96375],{"className":40,"code":96374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96376,96377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96378,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96380,3098],{"class":53},[47,96382,58],{"class":57},[47,96384,95501],{"class":138},[47,96386,117],{"class":61},[47,96388,259],{"class":113},[47,96390,75],{"class":61},[47,96392,2409],{"class":349},[47,96394,132],{"class":61},[244,96396,96398],{"id":96397},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96400,17010],{},[38,96402,96404],{"className":40,"code":96403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96405,96406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96407,96408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96409,96403],{"class":152},[20,96411,96412],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[38,96414,96416],{"className":40,"code":96415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96417,96418,96430,96444,96448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96419,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96421,35096],{"class":53},[47,96423,58],{"class":57},[47,96425,78],{"class":65},[47,96427,40557],{"class":69},[47,96429,689],{"class":65},[47,96431,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96433,2866],{"class":53},[47,96435,58],{"class":57},[47,96437,40669],{"class":106},[47,96439,117],{"class":61},[47,96441,35117],{"class":113},[47,96443,132],{"class":61},[47,96445,96446],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,96447,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,96449,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,96451,139],{"class":138},[47,96453,117],{"class":61},[47,96455,95224],{"class":138},[47,96457,117],{"class":61},[47,96459,2889],{"class":113},[47,96461,75],{"class":61},[47,96463,2002],{"class":349},[47,96465,2266],{"class":61},[20,96467,372],{},[38,96469,96471],{"className":40,"code":96470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.1\n",[15,96472,96473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96474,96475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96476,96470],{"class":349},[244,96478,96480],{"id":96479},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96482,96483,96485],{},[15,96484,95183],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96487,96488,96489,3530,96493,110],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[210,96490,96491],{"href":3533},[15,96492,3536],{},[210,96494,96495],{"href":3526},[15,96496,3529],{},[33,96498,2429],{"id":2428},[244,96500,2433,96502,96504,96505,96507],{"id":96501},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96503,95183],{}," always round ",[15,96506,40628],{}," up?",[20,96509,96510],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[244,96512,2433,96514,96516],{"id":96513},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96515,95183],{}," change the original number?",[20,96518,96519],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[244,96521,5813,96523,96525],{"id":96522},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96524,95183],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96527,96528,96529,96531,96532,3530,96534,110],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96530,95333],{}," value like ",[15,96533,66277],{},[15,96535,95833],{},[244,96537,28733,96539,96541,96542,3143],{"id":96538},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96540,95183],{}," on a string like ",[15,96543,48512],{},[20,96545,96546,96547,3530,96549,110],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96548,3536],{},[15,96550,3529],{},[33,96552,2526],{"id":2525},[174,96554,96555,96561,96567,96571],{},[177,96556,96557],{},[210,96558,4226,96559,4159],{"href":3533},[15,96560,3536],{},[177,96562,96563],{},[210,96564,4226,96565,4159],{"href":3526},[15,96566,3529],{},[177,96568,96569],{},[210,96570,3071],{"href":3070},[177,96572,96573],{},[210,96574,42596],{"href":41305},[2563,96576,96577],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":96579},[96580,96581,96583,96584,96586,96588,96590,96591,96592,96594,96601,96611],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":95275,"depth":98,"text":96582},"What round() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":95429,"depth":98,"text":96585},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95567,"depth":98,"text":96587},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95724,"depth":98,"text":96589},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95845,"depth":98,"text":95846},{"id":96028,"depth":98,"text":96029},{"id":96176,"depth":98,"text":96593},"When to use round()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":96595},[96596,96598,96599,96600],{"id":96250,"depth":135,"text":96597},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96311,"depth":135,"text":96312},{"id":96397,"depth":135,"text":96398},{"id":96479,"depth":135,"text":96480},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":96602},[96603,96605,96607,96609],{"id":96501,"depth":135,"text":96604},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96513,"depth":135,"text":96606},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96522,"depth":135,"text":96608},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96538,"depth":135,"text":96610},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95175,"description":96612},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96619,"title":96620,"body":96621,"description":97806,"extension":2611,"meta":97807,"navigation":357,"path":97808,"seo":97809,"stem":97810,"__hash__":97811},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96622,"toc":97780},[96623,96630,96636,96639,96641,96690,96694,96719,96724,96729,96734,96748,96759,96761,96780,96782,96798,96801,96812,96814,96816,96877,96881,96914,96921,96928,96931,96964,96967,96971,96974,97027,97031,97052,97058,97065,97072,97133,97141,97218,97222,97234,97243,97245,97251,97257,97261,97314,97317,97375,97379,97387,97390,97394,97397,97407,97409,97506,97509,97520,97523,97566,97570,97594,97597,97603,97605,97609,97634,97636,97703,97712,97714,97720,97725,97729,97732,97736,97743,97747,97752,97754,97771,97777],[10,96624,96626,96627,18],{"id":96625},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96628,96629],{},"add()",[20,96631,96632,96635],{},[15,96633,96634],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96637,96638],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96640,36],{"id":35},[38,96642,96644],{"className":40,"code":96643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96645,96646,96666,96680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96647,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662,96664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96649,4270],{"class":53},[47,96651,58],{"class":57},[47,96653,1096],{"class":61},[47,96655,917],{"class":349},[47,96657,75],{"class":61},[47,96659,2409],{"class":349},[47,96661,75],{"class":61},[47,96663,2414],{"class":349},[47,96665,421],{"class":61},[47,96667,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96669,4300],{"class":53},[47,96671,110],{"class":61},[47,96673,82529],{"class":113},[47,96675,117],{"class":61},[47,96677,3156],{"class":349},[47,96679,132],{"class":61},[47,96681,96682,96684,96686,96688],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,96683,139],{"class":138},[47,96685,117],{"class":61},[47,96687,4300],{"class":113},[47,96689,132],{"class":61},[20,96691,96692],{},[278,96693,372],{},[38,96695,96697],{"className":40,"code":96696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96698,96699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96700,96701,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96702,382],{"class":61},[47,96704,917],{"class":349},[47,96706,75],{"class":61},[47,96708,2409],{"class":349},[47,96710,75],{"class":61},[47,96712,2414],{"class":349},[47,96714,75],{"class":61},[47,96716,3108],{"class":349},[47,96718,421],{"class":61},[20,96720,156,96721,96723],{},[15,96722,96629],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96725,164,96727,167],{"id":96726},"what-setadd-does",[15,96728,96634],{},[20,96730,96731,96733],{},[15,96732,96634],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[174,96735,96736,96739,96742,96745],{},[177,96737,96738],{},"Adds one item to a set",[177,96740,96741],{},"Changes the original set in place",[177,96743,96744],{},"Does not return a new set",[177,96746,96747],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96749,96750,96751,3530,96755,110],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[210,96752,96754],{"href":96753},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[210,96756,96758],{"href":96757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[33,96760,2806],{"id":2805},[38,96762,96764],{"className":40,"code":96763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96765,96766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96767,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96769,16276],{"class":53},[47,96771,110],{"class":61},[47,96773,82529],{"class":113},[47,96775,117],{"class":61},[47,96777,23713],{"class":113},[47,96779,132],{"class":61},[20,96781,12092],{},[174,96783,96784,96789,96792],{},[177,96785,56329,96786,96788],{},[15,96787,96629],{}," on an existing set",[177,96790,96791],{},"Pass exactly one item",[177,96793,96794,96795],{},"The item must be ",[278,96796,96797],{},"hashable",[20,96799,96800],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[174,96802,96803,96805,96807,96810],{},[177,96804,56882],{},[177,96806,56885],{},[177,96808,96809],{},"Tuples",[177,96811,41009],{},[33,96813,12109],{"id":12108},[20,96815,12112],{},[38,96817,96819],{"className":40,"code":96818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96820,96821,96845,96863,96867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96822,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96824,332],{"class":53},[47,96826,58],{"class":57},[47,96828,1096],{"class":61},[47,96830,66],{"class":65},[47,96832,305],{"class":69},[47,96834,66],{"class":65},[47,96836,75],{"class":61},[47,96838,78],{"class":65},[47,96840,323],{"class":69},[47,96842,66],{"class":65},[47,96844,421],{"class":61},[47,96846,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,96848,367],{"class":53},[47,96850,110],{"class":61},[47,96852,82529],{"class":113},[47,96854,117],{"class":61},[47,96856,66],{"class":65},[47,96858,314],{"class":69},[47,96860,66],{"class":65},[47,96862,132],{"class":61},[47,96864,96865],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,96866,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,96868,96869,96871,96873,96875],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,96870,139],{"class":138},[47,96872,117],{"class":61},[47,96874,367],{"class":113},[47,96876,132],{"class":61},[20,96878,96879],{},[278,96880,30435],{},[38,96882,96884],{"className":40,"code":96883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96885,96886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96887,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96889,382],{"class":61},[47,96891,385],{"class":65},[47,96893,305],{"class":69},[47,96895,385],{"class":65},[47,96897,75],{"class":61},[47,96899,398],{"class":65},[47,96901,314],{"class":69},[47,96903,385],{"class":65},[47,96905,75],{"class":61},[47,96907,398],{"class":65},[47,96909,323],{"class":69},[47,96911,385],{"class":65},[47,96913,421],{"class":61},[20,96915,96916,96917,96920],{},"The new value ",[15,96918,96919],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96922,96923,96924,96927],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[278,96925,96926],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96929,96930],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[38,96932,96934],{"className":40,"code":96933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96935,96936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96937,96938,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96939,382],{"class":61},[47,96941,385],{"class":65},[47,96943,323],{"class":69},[47,96945,385],{"class":65},[47,96947,75],{"class":61},[47,96949,398],{"class":65},[47,96951,305],{"class":69},[47,96953,385],{"class":65},[47,96955,75],{"class":61},[47,96957,398],{"class":65},[47,96959,314],{"class":69},[47,96961,385],{"class":65},[47,96963,421],{"class":61},[20,96965,96966],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[33,96968,96970],{"id":96969},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96972,96973],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[38,96975,96977],{"className":40,"code":96976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96978,96979,96999,97013,97017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96980,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995,96997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96982,4270],{"class":53},[47,96984,58],{"class":57},[47,96986,1096],{"class":61},[47,96988,917],{"class":349},[47,96990,75],{"class":61},[47,96992,2409],{"class":349},[47,96994,75],{"class":61},[47,96996,2414],{"class":349},[47,96998,421],{"class":61},[47,97000,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97002,4300],{"class":53},[47,97004,110],{"class":61},[47,97006,82529],{"class":113},[47,97008,117],{"class":61},[47,97010,2705],{"class":349},[47,97012,132],{"class":61},[47,97014,97015],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97016,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,97018,97019,97021,97023,97025],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,97020,139],{"class":138},[47,97022,117],{"class":61},[47,97024,4300],{"class":113},[47,97026,132],{"class":61},[20,97028,97029],{},[278,97030,372],{},[38,97032,97034],{"className":40,"code":97033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97035,97036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97037,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97039,382],{"class":61},[47,97041,917],{"class":349},[47,97043,75],{"class":61},[47,97045,2409],{"class":349},[47,97047,75],{"class":61},[47,97049,2414],{"class":349},[47,97051,421],{"class":61},[20,97053,97054,97055,97057],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,97056,2705],{}," was already present.",[33,97059,97061,11222,97063],{"id":97060},"add-vs-update",[15,97062,96629],{},[15,97064,1636],{},[20,97066,156,97067,97069,97070,110],{},[15,97068,96629],{}," when you want to add ",[278,97071,53076],{},[38,97073,97075],{"className":40,"code":97074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97076,97077,97101,97119,97123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97078,97079,97081,97083,97085,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97080,36501],{"class":53},[47,97082,58],{"class":57},[47,97084,1096],{"class":61},[47,97086,66],{"class":65},[47,97088,210],{"class":69},[47,97090,66],{"class":65},[47,97092,75],{"class":61},[47,97094,78],{"class":65},[47,97096,854],{"class":69},[47,97098,66],{"class":65},[47,97100,421],{"class":61},[47,97102,97103,97105,97107,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97104,36554],{"class":53},[47,97106,110],{"class":61},[47,97108,82529],{"class":113},[47,97110,117],{"class":61},[47,97112,66],{"class":65},[47,97114,863],{"class":69},[47,97116,66],{"class":65},[47,97118,132],{"class":61},[47,97120,97121],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97122,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,97124,97125,97127,97129,97131],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,97126,139],{"class":138},[47,97128,117],{"class":61},[47,97130,36554],{"class":113},[47,97132,132],{"class":61},[20,97134,156,97135,97069,97137,97140],{},[15,97136,1636],{},[278,97138,97139],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[38,97142,97144],{"className":40,"code":97143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97145,97146,97170,97204,97208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97147,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166,97168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97149,36501],{"class":53},[47,97151,58],{"class":57},[47,97153,1096],{"class":61},[47,97155,66],{"class":65},[47,97157,210],{"class":69},[47,97159,66],{"class":65},[47,97161,75],{"class":61},[47,97163,78],{"class":65},[47,97165,854],{"class":69},[47,97167,66],{"class":65},[47,97169,421],{"class":61},[47,97171,97172,97174,97176,97178,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97173,36554],{"class":53},[47,97175,110],{"class":61},[47,97177,30870],{"class":113},[47,97179,1258],{"class":61},[47,97181,66],{"class":65},[47,97183,863],{"class":69},[47,97185,66],{"class":65},[47,97187,75],{"class":61},[47,97189,78],{"class":65},[47,97191,1693],{"class":69},[47,97193,66],{"class":65},[47,97195,75],{"class":61},[47,97197,78],{"class":65},[47,97199,60869],{"class":69},[47,97201,66],{"class":65},[47,97203,2166],{"class":61},[47,97205,97206],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97207,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,97209,97210,97212,97214,97216],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,97211,139],{"class":138},[47,97213,117],{"class":61},[47,97215,36554],{"class":113},[47,97217,132],{"class":61},[244,97219,97221],{"id":97220},"key-difference","Key difference",[174,97223,97224,97229],{},[177,97225,97226,97228],{},[15,97227,96629],{}," adds one item",[177,97230,97231,97233],{},[15,97232,1636],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97235,97236,97237,110],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[210,97238,97240,97241,1637],{"href":97239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97242,1636],{},[33,97244,273],{"id":272},[20,97246,97247,3048,97249,110],{},[15,97248,96634],{},[15,97250,269],{},[20,97252,97253,97254,97256],{},"That means you should ",[278,97255,1369],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[244,97258,97260],{"id":97259},"correct","Correct",[38,97262,97264],{"className":40,"code":97263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97265,97266,97286,97300,97304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97267,97268,97270,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97269,16238],{"class":53},[47,97271,58],{"class":57},[47,97273,1096],{"class":61},[47,97275,917],{"class":349},[47,97277,75],{"class":61},[47,97279,2409],{"class":349},[47,97281,75],{"class":61},[47,97283,2414],{"class":349},[47,97285,421],{"class":61},[47,97287,97288,97290,97292,97294,97296,97298],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97289,16276],{"class":53},[47,97291,110],{"class":61},[47,97293,82529],{"class":113},[47,97295,117],{"class":61},[47,97297,3156],{"class":349},[47,97299,132],{"class":61},[47,97301,97302],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97303,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,97305,97306,97308,97310,97312],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,97307,139],{"class":138},[47,97309,117],{"class":61},[47,97311,16276],{"class":113},[47,97313,132],{"class":61},[244,97315,97316],{"id":62191},"Wrong",[38,97318,97320],{"className":40,"code":97319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97321,97322,97342,97361,97365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97323,97324,97326,97328,97330,97332,97334,97336,97338,97340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97325,16238],{"class":53},[47,97327,58],{"class":57},[47,97329,1096],{"class":61},[47,97331,917],{"class":349},[47,97333,75],{"class":61},[47,97335,2409],{"class":349},[47,97337,75],{"class":61},[47,97339,2414],{"class":349},[47,97341,421],{"class":61},[47,97343,97344,97346,97348,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97345,16238],{"class":53},[47,97347,58],{"class":57},[47,97349,97350],{"class":53}," my_set",[47,97352,110],{"class":61},[47,97354,82529],{"class":113},[47,97356,117],{"class":61},[47,97358,3156],{"class":349},[47,97360,132],{"class":61},[47,97362,97363],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97364,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,97366,97367,97369,97371,97373],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,97368,139],{"class":138},[47,97370,117],{"class":61},[47,97372,16276],{"class":113},[47,97374,132],{"class":61},[20,97376,97377],{},[278,97378,372],{},[38,97380,97381],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97382,97383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97384,97385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97386,12438],{"class":559},[20,97388,97389],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[33,97391,97393],{"id":97392},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97395,97396],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[174,97398,97399,97401,97403,97405],{},[177,97400,56882],{},[177,97402,56885],{},[177,97404,96809],{},[177,97406,41009],{},[20,97408,603],{},[38,97410,97412],{"className":40,"code":97411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97413,97414,97424,97428,97442,97460,97478,97492,97496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97415,97416,97418,97420,97422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97417,8425],{"class":53},[47,97419,58],{"class":57},[47,97421,16243],{"class":106},[47,97423,9288],{"class":61},[47,97425,97426],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97427,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,97429,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97431,8456],{"class":53},[47,97433,110],{"class":61},[47,97435,82529],{"class":113},[47,97437,117],{"class":61},[47,97439,2981],{"class":349},[47,97441,132],{"class":61},[47,97443,97444,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454,97456,97458],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,97445,8456],{"class":53},[47,97447,110],{"class":61},[47,97449,82529],{"class":113},[47,97451,117],{"class":61},[47,97453,66],{"class":65},[47,97455,4492],{"class":69},[47,97457,66],{"class":65},[47,97459,132],{"class":61},[47,97461,97462,97464,97466,97468,97470,97472,97474,97476],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,97463,8456],{"class":53},[47,97465,110],{"class":61},[47,97467,82529],{"class":113},[47,97469,6155],{"class":61},[47,97471,917],{"class":349},[47,97473,75],{"class":61},[47,97475,2409],{"class":349},[47,97477,2266],{"class":61},[47,97479,97480,97482,97484,97486,97488,97490],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,97481,8456],{"class":53},[47,97483,110],{"class":61},[47,97485,82529],{"class":113},[47,97487,117],{"class":61},[47,97489,4255],{"class":559},[47,97491,132],{"class":61},[47,97493,97494],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,97495,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,97497,97498,97500,97502,97504],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,97499,139],{"class":138},[47,97501,117],{"class":61},[47,97503,8456],{"class":113},[47,97505,132],{"class":61},[20,97507,97508],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[174,97510,97511,97514,97517],{},[177,97512,97513],{},"Lists",[177,97515,97516],{},"Dictionaries",[177,97518,97519],{},"Sets",[20,97521,97522],{},"Example that causes an error:",[38,97524,97526],{"className":40,"code":97525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97527,97528,97548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97529,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97531,8425],{"class":53},[47,97533,58],{"class":57},[47,97535,1096],{"class":61},[47,97537,917],{"class":349},[47,97539,75],{"class":61},[47,97541,2409],{"class":349},[47,97543,75],{"class":61},[47,97545,2414],{"class":349},[47,97547,421],{"class":61},[47,97549,97550,97552,97554,97556,97558,97560,97562,97564],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97551,8456],{"class":53},[47,97553,110],{"class":61},[47,97555,82529],{"class":113},[47,97557,1258],{"class":61},[47,97559,3156],{"class":349},[47,97561,75],{"class":61},[47,97563,5249],{"class":349},[47,97565,2166],{"class":61},[20,97567,97568],{},[278,97569,30086],{},[38,97571,97573],{"className":40,"code":97572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97574,97575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97576,97577,97579,97581,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97578,3655],{"class":106},[47,97580,172],{"class":61},[47,97582,97583],{"class":53}," unhashable ",[47,97585,2392],{"class":106},[47,97587,172],{"class":61},[47,97589,398],{"class":65},[47,97591,1892],{"class":69},[47,97593,30105],{"class":65},[20,97595,97596],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97598,97599,97600,110],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97601,97602],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[33,97604,1641],{"id":1640},[20,97606,1644,97607,172],{},[15,97608,96634],{},[174,97610,97611,97616,97621,97624,97631],{},[177,97612,453,97613,97615],{},[15,97614,96629],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[177,97617,1968,97618,97620],{},[15,97619,96629],{}," to return the updated set",[177,97622,97623],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[177,97625,37616,97626,97628,97629],{},[15,97627,96634],{}," with list ",[15,97630,53072],{},[177,97632,97633],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97635,71929],{},[38,97637,97639],{"className":40,"code":97638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97640,97641,97651,97665,97675,97689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97642,97643,97645,97647,97649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97644,139],{"class":138},[47,97646,117],{"class":61},[47,97648,16276],{"class":113},[47,97650,132],{"class":61},[47,97652,97653,97655,97657,97659,97661,97663],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97654,139],{"class":138},[47,97656,117],{"class":61},[47,97658,2392],{"class":106},[47,97660,117],{"class":61},[47,97662,16276],{"class":113},[47,97664,2266],{"class":61},[47,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97668,139],{"class":138},[47,97670,117],{"class":61},[47,97672,259],{"class":113},[47,97674,132],{"class":61},[47,97676,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,97678,139],{"class":138},[47,97680,117],{"class":61},[47,97682,2392],{"class":106},[47,97684,117],{"class":61},[47,97686,259],{"class":113},[47,97688,2266],{"class":61},[47,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,97692,32559],{"class":138},[47,97694,117],{"class":61},[47,97696,6931],{"class":106},[47,97698,110],{"class":61},[47,97700,82529],{"class":25153},[47,97702,132],{"class":61},[20,97704,97705,97706,97708,97709,110],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97707,96634],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[210,97710,53469],{"href":97711},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[33,97713,2429],{"id":2428},[244,97715,2433,97717,97719],{"id":97716},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97718,96634],{}," return a new set?",[20,97721,97722,97723,110],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97724,269],{},[244,97726,97728],{"id":97727},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97730,97731],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[244,97733,97735],{"id":97734},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97737,156,97738,11728,97741,110],{},[15,97739,97740],{},"set.update()",[15,97742,96629],{},[244,97744,97746],{"id":97745},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97748,97749,97750,110],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97751,3655],{},[33,97753,2526],{"id":2525},[174,97755,97756,97760,97765],{},[177,97757,97758],{},[210,97759,96754],{"href":96753},[177,97761,97762],{},[210,97763,97764],{"href":96757},"How to create a set in Python",[177,97766,97767],{},[210,97768,97240,97769,1637],{"href":97239},[15,97770,1636],{},[20,97772,97773,97774,97776],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97775,96629],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2563,97778,97779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":97781},[97782,97783,97785,97786,97787,97788,97792,97796,97797,97798,97805],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":96726,"depth":98,"text":97784},"What set.add() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":96969,"depth":98,"text":96970},{"id":97060,"depth":98,"text":97789,"children":97790},"add() vs update()",[97791],{"id":97220,"depth":135,"text":97221},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273,"children":97793},[97794,97795],{"id":97259,"depth":135,"text":97260},{"id":62191,"depth":135,"text":97316},{"id":97392,"depth":98,"text":97393},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":97799},[97800,97802,97803,97804],{"id":97716,"depth":135,"text":97801},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97727,"depth":135,"text":97728},{"id":97734,"depth":135,"text":97735},{"id":97745,"depth":135,"text":97746},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96620,"description":97806},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97813,"title":97814,"body":97815,"description":98984,"extension":2611,"meta":98985,"navigation":357,"path":98986,"seo":98987,"stem":98988,"__hash__":98989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97816,"toc":98951},[97817,97822,97828,97835,97880,97882,97893,97898,97903,97907,97921,97926,97928,97930,97945,97947,97961,97963,97965,98030,98032,98042,98044,98062,98068,98075,98080,98154,98156,98173,98179,98184,98255,98257,98284,98301,98304,98310,98312,98319,98323,98390,98392,98407,98410,98463,98465,98473,98485,98487,98491,98496,98498,98547,98549,98557,98559,98604,98606,98616,98622,98630,98643,98649,98651,98680,98682,98700,98704,98707,98738,98740,98758,98762,98837,98839,98855,98862,98864,98869,98874,98880,98883,98887,98895,98902,98910,98912,98948],[10,97818,96626,97820,18],{"id":97819},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97821,11955],{},[20,97823,97824,97827],{},[15,97825,97826],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97829,97830,97831,97834],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[278,97832,97833],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[38,97836,97838],{"className":40,"code":97837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97839,97840,97860,97870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97841,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97843,4270],{"class":53},[47,97845,58],{"class":57},[47,97847,1096],{"class":61},[47,97849,917],{"class":349},[47,97851,75],{"class":61},[47,97853,2409],{"class":349},[47,97855,75],{"class":61},[47,97857,2414],{"class":349},[47,97859,421],{"class":61},[47,97861,97862,97864,97866,97868],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,97863,4300],{"class":53},[47,97865,110],{"class":61},[47,97867,12016],{"class":113},[47,97869,9288],{"class":61},[47,97871,97872,97874,97876,97878],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,97873,139],{"class":138},[47,97875,117],{"class":61},[47,97877,4300],{"class":113},[47,97879,132],{"class":61},[20,97881,372],{},[38,97883,97885],{"className":40,"code":97884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n",[15,97886,97887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97888,97889,97891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97890,6931],{"class":106},[47,97892,9288],{"class":61},[20,97894,97895,97897],{},[15,97896,11955],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[33,97899,164,97901,167],{"id":97900},"what-setclear-does",[15,97902,97826],{},[20,97904,2628,97905,12046],{},[15,97906,11955],{},[174,97908,97909,97912,97914,97918],{},[177,97910,97911],{},"Removes every item from a set",[177,97913,96741],{},[177,97915,12057,97916],{},[15,97917,269],{},[177,97919,97920],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97922,96750,97923,72028],{},[210,97924,96754],{"href":97925},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[33,97927,2806],{"id":2805},[20,97929,54867],{},[38,97931,97933],{"className":40,"code":97932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97934,97935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97936,97937,97939,97941,97943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97938,16276],{"class":53},[47,97940,110],{"class":61},[47,97942,12016],{"class":113},[47,97944,9288],{"class":61},[20,97946,13677],{},[174,97948,97949,97952,97955,97958],{},[177,97950,97951],{},"It takes no arguments",[177,97953,97954],{},"It empties the set",[177,97956,97957],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[177,97959,97960],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[33,97962,12109],{"id":12108},[20,97964,12112],{},[38,97966,97968],{"className":40,"code":97967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97969,97970,98002,98006,98016,98020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97971,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97973,332],{"class":53},[47,97975,58],{"class":57},[47,97977,1096],{"class":61},[47,97979,66],{"class":65},[47,97981,305],{"class":69},[47,97983,66],{"class":65},[47,97985,75],{"class":61},[47,97987,78],{"class":65},[47,97989,314],{"class":69},[47,97991,66],{"class":65},[47,97993,75],{"class":61},[47,97995,78],{"class":65},[47,97997,323],{"class":69},[47,97999,66],{"class":65},[47,98001,421],{"class":61},[47,98003,98004],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98005,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98007,98008,98010,98012,98014],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98009,367],{"class":53},[47,98011,110],{"class":61},[47,98013,12016],{"class":113},[47,98015,9288],{"class":61},[47,98017,98018],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,98019,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98021,98022,98024,98026,98028],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,98023,139],{"class":138},[47,98025,117],{"class":61},[47,98027,367],{"class":113},[47,98029,132],{"class":61},[20,98031,372],{},[38,98033,98034],{"className":40,"code":97884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98035,98036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98037,98038,98040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98039,6931],{"class":106},[47,98041,9288],{"class":61},[20,98043,424],{},[174,98045,98046,98051,98056],{},[177,98047,98048,98050],{},[15,98049,367],{}," starts with three values",[177,98052,98053,12327],{},[15,98054,98055],{},"colors.clear()",[177,98057,98058,98059,98061],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,98060,817],{},", which means an empty set",[33,98063,98065,98067],{"id":98064},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,98066,11955],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,98069,98070,5036,98072,98074],{},[15,98071,11955],{},[15,98073,817],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[244,98076,453,98078],{"id":98077},"using-clear",[15,98079,11955],{},[38,98081,98083],{"className":40,"code":98082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98084,98085,98105,98115,98119,98129,98133,98143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98086,98087,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98088,8425],{"class":53},[47,98090,58],{"class":57},[47,98092,1096],{"class":61},[47,98094,917],{"class":349},[47,98096,75],{"class":61},[47,98098,2409],{"class":349},[47,98100,75],{"class":61},[47,98102,2414],{"class":349},[47,98104,421],{"class":61},[47,98106,98107,98110,98112],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98108,98109],{"class":53},"other_name ",[47,98111,58],{"class":57},[47,98113,98114],{"class":53}," items\n",[47,98116,98117],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98118,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98120,98121,98123,98125,98127],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,98122,8456],{"class":53},[47,98124,110],{"class":61},[47,98126,12016],{"class":113},[47,98128,9288],{"class":61},[47,98130,98131],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,98132,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98134,98135,98137,98139,98141],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,98136,139],{"class":138},[47,98138,117],{"class":61},[47,98140,8456],{"class":113},[47,98142,132],{"class":61},[47,98144,98145,98147,98149,98152],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,98146,139],{"class":138},[47,98148,117],{"class":61},[47,98150,98151],{"class":113},"other_name",[47,98153,132],{"class":61},[20,98155,372],{},[38,98157,98159],{"className":40,"code":98158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98160,98161,98167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98162,98163,98165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98164,6931],{"class":106},[47,98166,9288],{"class":61},[47,98168,98169,98171],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98170,6931],{"class":106},[47,98172,9288],{"class":61},[20,98174,98175,98176,110],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[278,98177,98178],{},"same set object",[244,98180,453,98182],{"id":98181},"using-set",[15,98183,817],{},[38,98185,98187],{"className":40,"code":98186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98188,98189,98209,98217,98221,98231,98235,98245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98190,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98192,8425],{"class":53},[47,98194,58],{"class":57},[47,98196,1096],{"class":61},[47,98198,917],{"class":349},[47,98200,75],{"class":61},[47,98202,2409],{"class":349},[47,98204,75],{"class":61},[47,98206,2414],{"class":349},[47,98208,421],{"class":61},[47,98210,98211,98213,98215],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98212,98109],{"class":53},[47,98214,58],{"class":57},[47,98216,98114],{"class":53},[47,98218,98219],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98220,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98222,98223,98225,98227,98229],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,98224,8425],{"class":53},[47,98226,58],{"class":57},[47,98228,16243],{"class":106},[47,98230,9288],{"class":61},[47,98232,98233],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,98234,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98236,98237,98239,98241,98243],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,98238,139],{"class":138},[47,98240,117],{"class":61},[47,98242,8456],{"class":113},[47,98244,132],{"class":61},[47,98246,98247,98249,98251,98253],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,98248,139],{"class":138},[47,98250,117],{"class":61},[47,98252,98151],{"class":113},[47,98254,132],{"class":61},[20,98256,372],{},[38,98258,98260],{"className":40,"code":98259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98261,98262,98268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98263,98264,98266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98265,6931],{"class":106},[47,98267,9288],{"class":61},[47,98269,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280,98282],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98271,382],{"class":61},[47,98273,917],{"class":349},[47,98275,75],{"class":61},[47,98277,2409],{"class":349},[47,98279,75],{"class":61},[47,98281,2414],{"class":349},[47,98283,421],{"class":61},[20,98285,21172,98286,93518,98289,98292,98293,110,98295,98297,98298,98300],{},[15,98287,98288],{},"items = set()",[278,98290,98291],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98294,8456],{},[10484,98296],{},"\nBut ",[15,98299,98151],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98302,98303],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98305,98306,98307,110],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[210,98308,96758],{"href":98309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[33,98311,273],{"id":272},[20,98313,98314,14668,98316,98318],{},[15,98315,11955],{},[278,98317,1369],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98320,5791,98321,110],{},[15,98322,269],{},[38,98324,98326],{"className":40,"code":98325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98327,98328,98348,98352,98366,98370,98380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98329,98330,98332,98334,98336,98338,98340,98342,98344,98346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98331,4270],{"class":53},[47,98333,58],{"class":57},[47,98335,1096],{"class":61},[47,98337,917],{"class":349},[47,98339,75],{"class":61},[47,98341,2409],{"class":349},[47,98343,75],{"class":61},[47,98345,2414],{"class":349},[47,98347,421],{"class":61},[47,98349,98350],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98351,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98353,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98355,2879],{"class":53},[47,98357,58],{"class":57},[47,98359,4905],{"class":53},[47,98361,110],{"class":61},[47,98363,12016],{"class":113},[47,98365,9288],{"class":61},[47,98367,98368],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,98369,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98371,98372,98374,98376,98378],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,98373,139],{"class":138},[47,98375,117],{"class":61},[47,98377,2914],{"class":113},[47,98379,132],{"class":61},[47,98381,98382,98384,98386,98388],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,98383,139],{"class":138},[47,98385,117],{"class":61},[47,98387,4300],{"class":113},[47,98389,132],{"class":61},[20,98391,372],{},[38,98393,98395],{"className":40,"code":98394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\nset()\n",[15,98396,98397,98401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98398,98399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98400,12438],{"class":559},[47,98402,98403,98405],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98404,6931],{"class":106},[47,98406,9288],{"class":61},[20,98408,98409],{},"Do not do this:",[38,98411,98413],{"className":40,"code":98412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98414,98415,98435,98449,98453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98416,98417,98419,98421,98423,98425,98427,98429,98431,98433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98418,4270],{"class":53},[47,98420,58],{"class":57},[47,98422,1096],{"class":61},[47,98424,917],{"class":349},[47,98426,75],{"class":61},[47,98428,2409],{"class":349},[47,98430,75],{"class":61},[47,98432,2414],{"class":349},[47,98434,421],{"class":61},[47,98436,98437,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98438,4270],{"class":53},[47,98440,58],{"class":57},[47,98442,4905],{"class":53},[47,98444,110],{"class":61},[47,98446,12016],{"class":113},[47,98448,9288],{"class":61},[47,98450,98451],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98452,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98454,98455,98457,98459,98461],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,98456,139],{"class":138},[47,98458,117],{"class":61},[47,98460,4300],{"class":113},[47,98462,132],{"class":61},[20,98464,372],{},[38,98466,98467],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98468,98469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98470,98471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98472,12438],{"class":559},[20,98474,22591,98475,3048,98477,98479,98480,98482,98483,110],{},[15,98476,54980],{},[15,98478,269],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98481,269],{}," back to ",[15,98484,4300],{},[33,98486,5162],{"id":5161},[20,98488,11383,98489,110],{},[15,98490,97826],{},[244,98492,13223,98494],{"id":98493},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98495,11955],{},[20,98497,17253],{},[38,98499,98501],{"className":40,"code":98500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98502,98503,98523,98537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98504,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98506,16238],{"class":53},[47,98508,58],{"class":57},[47,98510,1096],{"class":61},[47,98512,917],{"class":349},[47,98514,75],{"class":61},[47,98516,2409],{"class":349},[47,98518,75],{"class":61},[47,98520,2414],{"class":349},[47,98522,421],{"class":61},[47,98524,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98526,16238],{"class":53},[47,98528,58],{"class":57},[47,98530,97350],{"class":53},[47,98532,110],{"class":61},[47,98534,12016],{"class":113},[47,98536,9288],{"class":61},[47,98538,98539,98541,98543,98545],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98540,139],{"class":138},[47,98542,117],{"class":61},[47,98544,16276],{"class":113},[47,98546,132],{"class":61},[20,98548,372],{},[38,98550,98551],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98552,98553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98554,98555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98556,12438],{"class":559},[20,98558,17265],{},[38,98560,98562],{"className":40,"code":98561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98563,98564,98584,98594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98565,98566,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98567,16238],{"class":53},[47,98569,58],{"class":57},[47,98571,1096],{"class":61},[47,98573,917],{"class":349},[47,98575,75],{"class":61},[47,98577,2409],{"class":349},[47,98579,75],{"class":61},[47,98581,2414],{"class":349},[47,98583,421],{"class":61},[47,98585,98586,98588,98590,98592],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98587,16276],{"class":53},[47,98589,110],{"class":61},[47,98591,12016],{"class":113},[47,98593,9288],{"class":61},[47,98595,98596,98598,98600,98602],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98597,139],{"class":138},[47,98599,117],{"class":61},[47,98601,16276],{"class":113},[47,98603,132],{"class":61},[20,98605,372],{},[38,98607,98608],{"className":40,"code":97884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98609,98610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98611,98612,98614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98613,6931],{"class":106},[47,98615,9288],{"class":61},[244,98617,1968,98619,98621],{"id":98618},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98620,11955],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98623,98624,98626,98627,98629],{},[15,98625,11955],{}," removes ",[278,98628,4367],{}," items from the set.",[20,98631,98632,98633,3530,98638,110],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[210,98634,98636],{"href":98635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98637,55949],{},[210,98639,98641],{"href":98640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98642,13391],{},[244,98644,453,98646,98648],{"id":98645},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98647,811],{}," for an empty set",[20,98650,26094],{},[38,98652,98654],{"className":40,"code":98653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98655,98656,98665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98657,98658,98661,98663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98659,98660],{"class":53},"empty_value ",[47,98662,58],{"class":57},[47,98664,10476],{"class":61},[47,98666,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98678],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98668,139],{"class":138},[47,98670,117],{"class":61},[47,98672,2392],{"class":106},[47,98674,117],{"class":61},[47,98676,98677],{"class":113},"empty_value",[47,98679,2266],{"class":61},[20,98681,372],{},[38,98683,98684],{"className":40,"code":9454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98685,98686],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98687,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696,98698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98689,3941],{"class":57},[47,98691,3944],{"class":2714},[47,98693,398],{"class":65},[47,98695,198],{"class":69},[47,98697,385],{"class":65},[47,98699,3953],{"class":57},[20,98701,98702,9434],{},[15,98703,811],{},[20,98705,98706],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[38,98708,98710],{"className":40,"code":98709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98711,98712,98723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98713,98714,98717,98719,98721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98715,98716],{"class":53},"empty_set ",[47,98718,58],{"class":57},[47,98720,16243],{"class":106},[47,98722,9288],{"class":61},[47,98724,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98736],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98726,139],{"class":138},[47,98728,117],{"class":61},[47,98730,2392],{"class":106},[47,98732,117],{"class":61},[47,98734,98735],{"class":113},"empty_set",[47,98737,2266],{"class":61},[20,98739,372],{},[38,98741,98742],{"className":40,"code":9497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98743,98744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98745,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98747,3941],{"class":57},[47,98749,3944],{"class":2714},[47,98751,398],{"class":65},[47,98753,6931],{"class":69},[47,98755,385],{"class":65},[47,98757,3953],{"class":57},[244,98759,98761],{"id":98760},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[38,98763,98765],{"className":40,"code":98764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98766,98767,98791,98799,98803,98813,98817,98827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98768,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98770,3206],{"class":53},[47,98772,58],{"class":57},[47,98774,1096],{"class":61},[47,98776,66],{"class":65},[47,98778,1995],{"class":69},[47,98780,66],{"class":65},[47,98782,75],{"class":61},[47,98784,78],{"class":65},[47,98786,2161],{"class":69},[47,98788,66],{"class":65},[47,98790,421],{"class":61},[47,98792,98793,98795,98797],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98794,3234],{"class":53},[47,98796,58],{"class":57},[47,98798,36586],{"class":53},[47,98800,98801],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,98802,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98804,98805,98807,98809,98811],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,98806,210],{"class":53},[47,98808,110],{"class":61},[47,98810,12016],{"class":113},[47,98812,9288],{"class":61},[47,98814,98815],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,98816,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,98818,98819,98821,98823,98825],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,98820,139],{"class":138},[47,98822,117],{"class":61},[47,98824,210],{"class":113},[47,98826,132],{"class":61},[47,98828,98829,98831,98833,98835],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,98830,139],{"class":138},[47,98832,117],{"class":61},[47,98834,854],{"class":113},[47,98836,132],{"class":61},[20,98838,372],{},[38,98840,98841],{"className":40,"code":98158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98842,98843,98849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98844,98845,98847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98846,6931],{"class":106},[47,98848,9288],{"class":61},[47,98850,98851,98853],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,98852,6931],{"class":106},[47,98854,9288],{"class":61},[20,98856,29466,98857,5036,98859,98861],{},[15,98858,210],{},[15,98860,854],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[33,98863,2429],{"id":2428},[244,98865,5785,98867,5788],{"id":98866},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98868,97826],{},[20,98870,5791,98871,98873],{},[15,98872,269],{},". It empties the set in place.",[244,98875,2433,98877,98879],{"id":98876},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98878,11955],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98881,98882],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[244,98884,98886],{"id":98885},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98888,98889,98890,98892,98893,110],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98891,11955],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98894,817],{},[244,98896,5823,98898,5036,98900,3143],{"id":98897},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98899,11955],{},[15,98901,817],{},[20,98903,98904,98906,98907,98909],{},[15,98905,11955],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98908,817],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[33,98911,2526],{"id":2525},[174,98913,98914,98918,98922,98929,98935,98941],{},[177,98915,98916],{},[210,98917,96754],{"href":97925},[177,98919,98920],{},[210,98921,97764],{"href":98309},[177,98923,98924],{},[210,98925,97240,98927,1637],{"href":98926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98928,96629],{},[177,98930,98931],{},[210,98932,97240,98933,1637],{"href":98635},[15,98934,55949],{},[177,98936,98937],{},[210,98938,97240,98939,1637],{"href":98640},[15,98940,13391],{},[177,98942,98943],{},[210,98944,97240,98946,1637],{"href":98945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98947,1636],{},[2563,98949,98950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":98952},[98953,98955,98956,98957,98964,98965,98974,98983],{"id":97900,"depth":98,"text":98954},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":98064,"depth":98,"text":98958,"children":98959},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98960,98962],{"id":98077,"depth":135,"text":98961},"Using clear()",{"id":98181,"depth":135,"text":98963},"Using set()",{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":98966},[98967,98969,98971,98973],{"id":98493,"depth":135,"text":98968},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98618,"depth":135,"text":98970},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98645,"depth":135,"text":98972},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98760,"depth":135,"text":98761},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":98975},[98976,98978,98980,98981],{"id":98866,"depth":135,"text":98977},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98876,"depth":135,"text":98979},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98885,"depth":135,"text":98886},{"id":98897,"depth":135,"text":98982},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97814,"description":98984},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98991,"title":98992,"body":98993,"description":100825,"extension":2611,"meta":100826,"navigation":357,"path":96757,"seo":100827,"stem":100828,"__hash__":100829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98994,"toc":100782},[98995,98998,99001,99004,99006,99109,99113,99160,99166,99168,99187,99191,99194,99196,99210,99219,99223,99226,99261,99265,99285,99288,99292,99295,99356,99360,99385,99392,99398,99403,99405,99417,99421,99470,99474,99498,99505,99509,99550,99554,99575,99579,99612,99616,99657,99660,99664,99669,99708,99712,99737,99742,99748,99785,99789,99812,99816,99818,99821,99824,99901,99905,99942,99945,99949,99955,99958,99968,100017,100023,100029,100056,100059,100081,100083,100114,100117,100121,100125,100164,100168,100231,100234,100267,100271,100296,100298,100301,100307,100310,100337,100340,100358,100362,100366,100369,100412,100415,100419,100422,100425,100455,100458,100462,100465,100480,100485,100489,100492,100581,100583,100586,100676,100679,100697,100699,100703,100713,100717,100725,100729,100732,100736,100739,100743,100746,100748,100776,100779],[10,98996,98992],{"id":98997},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98999,99000],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,99002,99003],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[33,99005,4260],{"id":4259},[38,99007,99009],{"className":40,"code":99008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99010,99011,99031,99065,99075,99079,99089,99099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99014,4270],{"class":53},[47,99016,58],{"class":57},[47,99018,1096],{"class":61},[47,99020,917],{"class":349},[47,99022,75],{"class":61},[47,99024,2409],{"class":349},[47,99026,75],{"class":61},[47,99028,2414],{"class":349},[47,99030,421],{"class":61},[47,99032,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99034,4711],{"class":53},[47,99036,58],{"class":57},[47,99038,16243],{"class":106},[47,99040,1258],{"class":61},[47,99042,66],{"class":65},[47,99044,4720],{"class":69},[47,99046,66],{"class":65},[47,99048,75],{"class":61},[47,99050,78],{"class":65},[47,99052,4729],{"class":69},[47,99054,66],{"class":65},[47,99056,75],{"class":61},[47,99058,78],{"class":65},[47,99060,4720],{"class":69},[47,99062,66],{"class":65},[47,99064,2166],{"class":61},[47,99066,99067,99069,99071,99073],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,99068,98716],{"class":53},[47,99070,58],{"class":57},[47,99072,16243],{"class":106},[47,99074,9288],{"class":61},[47,99076,99077],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,99078,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,99080,99081,99083,99085,99087],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,99082,139],{"class":138},[47,99084,117],{"class":61},[47,99086,4300],{"class":113},[47,99088,132],{"class":61},[47,99090,99091,99093,99095,99097],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,99092,139],{"class":138},[47,99094,117],{"class":61},[47,99096,4755],{"class":113},[47,99098,132],{"class":61},[47,99100,99101,99103,99105,99107],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,99102,139],{"class":138},[47,99104,117],{"class":61},[47,99106,98735],{"class":113},[47,99108,132],{"class":61},[20,99110,99111],{},[278,99112,372],{},[38,99114,99116],{"className":40,"code":99115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,99117,99118,99134,99154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99119,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99121,382],{"class":61},[47,99123,917],{"class":349},[47,99125,75],{"class":61},[47,99127,2409],{"class":349},[47,99129,75],{"class":61},[47,99131,2414],{"class":349},[47,99133,421],{"class":61},[47,99135,99136,99138,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99137,382],{"class":61},[47,99139,385],{"class":65},[47,99141,4729],{"class":69},[47,99143,385],{"class":65},[47,99145,75],{"class":61},[47,99147,398],{"class":65},[47,99149,4720],{"class":69},[47,99151,385],{"class":65},[47,99153,421],{"class":61},[47,99155,99156,99158],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,99157,6931],{"class":106},[47,99159,9288],{"class":61},[20,99161,99162,99163,99165],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99164,817],{}," for an empty set.",[33,99167,15773],{"id":15772},[174,99169,99170,99173,99178,99181,99184],{},[177,99171,99172],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[177,99174,99175,99176],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99177,817],{},[177,99179,99180],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[177,99182,99183],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[177,99185,99186],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[33,99188,99190],{"id":99189},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99192,99193],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99195,30946],{},[174,99197,99198,99201,99204,99207],{},[177,99199,99200],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[177,99202,99203],{},"Sets are unordered",[177,99205,99206],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[177,99208,99209],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99211,99212,99213,3530,99215,110],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[210,99214,96754],{"href":97925},[210,99216,99218],{"href":99217},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[33,99220,99222],{"id":99221},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99224,99225],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[38,99227,99229],{"className":40,"code":99228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99230,99231,99251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99232,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99234,4270],{"class":53},[47,99236,58],{"class":57},[47,99238,1096],{"class":61},[47,99240,917],{"class":349},[47,99242,75],{"class":61},[47,99244,2409],{"class":349},[47,99246,75],{"class":61},[47,99248,2414],{"class":349},[47,99250,421],{"class":61},[47,99252,99253,99255,99257,99259],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99254,139],{"class":138},[47,99256,117],{"class":61},[47,99258,4300],{"class":113},[47,99260,132],{"class":61},[20,99262,99263],{},[278,99264,30435],{},[38,99266,99267],{"className":40,"code":97033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99268,99269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99270,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99272,382],{"class":61},[47,99274,917],{"class":349},[47,99276,75],{"class":61},[47,99278,2409],{"class":349},[47,99280,75],{"class":61},[47,99282,2414],{"class":349},[47,99284,421],{"class":61},[20,99286,99287],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[244,99289,99291],{"id":99290},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99293,99294],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[38,99296,99298],{"className":40,"code":99297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99299,99300,99332,99342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99301,99302,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99303,4270],{"class":53},[47,99305,58],{"class":57},[47,99307,1096],{"class":61},[47,99309,917],{"class":349},[47,99311,75],{"class":61},[47,99313,2409],{"class":349},[47,99315,75],{"class":61},[47,99317,2409],{"class":349},[47,99319,75],{"class":61},[47,99321,2414],{"class":349},[47,99323,75],{"class":61},[47,99325,2414],{"class":349},[47,99327,75],{"class":61},[47,99329,2414],{"class":349},[47,99331,421],{"class":61},[47,99333,99334,99336,99338,99340],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99335,139],{"class":138},[47,99337,117],{"class":61},[47,99339,4300],{"class":113},[47,99341,132],{"class":61},[47,99343,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,99345,139],{"class":138},[47,99347,117],{"class":61},[47,99349,11798],{"class":138},[47,99351,117],{"class":61},[47,99353,4300],{"class":113},[47,99355,2266],{"class":61},[20,99357,99358],{},[278,99359,30435],{},[38,99361,99363],{"className":40,"code":99362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99364,99365,99381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99366,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99368,382],{"class":61},[47,99370,917],{"class":349},[47,99372,75],{"class":61},[47,99374,2409],{"class":349},[47,99376,75],{"class":61},[47,99378,2414],{"class":349},[47,99380,421],{"class":61},[47,99382,99383],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99384,47034],{"class":349},[20,99386,21379,99387,5036,99389,99391],{},[15,99388,2705],{},[15,99390,2711],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[33,99393,99395,99396],{"id":99394},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99397,817],{},[20,99399,156,99400,99402],{},[15,99401,817],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99404,6102],{},[174,99406,99407,99409,99411,99413],{},[177,99408,97513],{},[177,99410,96809],{},[177,99412,56885],{},[177,99414,99415],{},[15,99416,36609],{},[244,99418,99420],{"id":99419},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[38,99422,99424],{"className":40,"code":99423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99425,99426,99460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99427,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99429,4270],{"class":53},[47,99431,58],{"class":57},[47,99433,16243],{"class":106},[47,99435,1258],{"class":61},[47,99437,917],{"class":349},[47,99439,75],{"class":61},[47,99441,2409],{"class":349},[47,99443,75],{"class":61},[47,99445,2409],{"class":349},[47,99447,75],{"class":61},[47,99449,2414],{"class":349},[47,99451,75],{"class":61},[47,99453,2414],{"class":349},[47,99455,75],{"class":61},[47,99457,3108],{"class":349},[47,99459,2166],{"class":61},[47,99461,99462,99464,99466,99468],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99463,139],{"class":138},[47,99465,117],{"class":61},[47,99467,4300],{"class":113},[47,99469,132],{"class":61},[20,99471,99472],{},[278,99473,30435],{},[38,99475,99476],{"className":40,"code":96696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99477,99478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99479,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99481,382],{"class":61},[47,99483,917],{"class":349},[47,99485,75],{"class":61},[47,99487,2409],{"class":349},[47,99489,75],{"class":61},[47,99491,2414],{"class":349},[47,99493,75],{"class":61},[47,99495,3108],{"class":349},[47,99497,421],{"class":61},[20,99499,99500,99501,110],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[210,99502,99504],{"href":99503},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[244,99506,99508],{"id":99507},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[38,99510,99512],{"className":40,"code":99511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99513,99514,99540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99515,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99517,4470],{"class":53},[47,99519,58],{"class":57},[47,99521,16243],{"class":106},[47,99523,6155],{"class":61},[47,99525,2981],{"class":349},[47,99527,75],{"class":61},[47,99529,8436],{"class":349},[47,99531,75],{"class":61},[47,99533,8436],{"class":349},[47,99535,75],{"class":61},[47,99537,8441],{"class":349},[47,99539,2266],{"class":61},[47,99541,99542,99544,99546,99548],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99543,139],{"class":138},[47,99545,117],{"class":61},[47,99547,6003],{"class":113},[47,99549,132],{"class":61},[20,99551,99552],{},[278,99553,30435],{},[38,99555,99557],{"className":40,"code":99556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99558,99559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99560,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99562,382],{"class":61},[47,99564,2981],{"class":349},[47,99566,75],{"class":61},[47,99568,8436],{"class":349},[47,99570,75],{"class":61},[47,99572,8441],{"class":349},[47,99574,421],{"class":61},[244,99576,99578],{"id":99577},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[38,99580,99582],{"className":40,"code":99581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99583,99584,99602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99585,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99587,36501],{"class":53},[47,99589,58],{"class":57},[47,99591,16243],{"class":106},[47,99593,117],{"class":61},[47,99595,66],{"class":65},[47,99597,4492],{"class":69},[47,99599,66],{"class":65},[47,99601,132],{"class":61},[47,99603,99604,99606,99608,99610],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99605,139],{"class":138},[47,99607,117],{"class":61},[47,99609,36554],{"class":113},[47,99611,132],{"class":61},[20,99613,99614],{},[278,99615,30435],{},[38,99617,99619],{"className":40,"code":99618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99620,99621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99624,382],{"class":61},[47,99626,385],{"class":65},[47,99628,60860],{"class":69},[47,99630,385],{"class":65},[47,99632,75],{"class":61},[47,99634,398],{"class":65},[47,99636,60869],{"class":69},[47,99638,385],{"class":65},[47,99640,75],{"class":61},[47,99642,398],{"class":65},[47,99644,60878],{"class":69},[47,99646,385],{"class":65},[47,99648,75],{"class":61},[47,99650,398],{"class":65},[47,99652,60895],{"class":69},[47,99654,385],{"class":65},[47,99656,421],{"class":61},[20,99658,99659],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[33,99661,99663],{"id":99662},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99665,99666,99667,110],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99668,817],{},[38,99670,99672],{"className":40,"code":99671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99673,99674,99684,99694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99675,99676,99678,99680,99682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99677,98716],{"class":53},[47,99679,58],{"class":57},[47,99681,16243],{"class":106},[47,99683,9288],{"class":61},[47,99685,99686,99688,99690,99692],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99687,139],{"class":138},[47,99689,117],{"class":61},[47,99691,98735],{"class":113},[47,99693,132],{"class":61},[47,99695,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,99697,139],{"class":138},[47,99699,117],{"class":61},[47,99701,2392],{"class":106},[47,99703,117],{"class":61},[47,99705,98735],{"class":113},[47,99707,2266],{"class":61},[20,99709,99710],{},[278,99711,372],{},[38,99713,99715],{"className":40,"code":99714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99716,99717,99723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99718,99719,99721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99720,6931],{"class":106},[47,99722,9288],{"class":61},[47,99724,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99726,3941],{"class":57},[47,99728,3944],{"class":2714},[47,99730,398],{"class":65},[47,99732,6931],{"class":69},[47,99734,385],{"class":65},[47,99736,3953],{"class":57},[244,99738,44845,99740],{"id":99739},"do-not-use",[15,99741,811],{},[20,99743,99744,99745,99747],{},"Empty braces do ",[278,99746,1369],{}," create a set.",[38,99749,99751],{"className":40,"code":99750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99752,99753,99761,99771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99754,99755,99757,99759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99756,98660],{"class":53},[47,99758,58],{"class":57},[47,99760,10476],{"class":61},[47,99762,99763,99765,99767,99769],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99764,139],{"class":138},[47,99766,117],{"class":61},[47,99768,98677],{"class":113},[47,99770,132],{"class":61},[47,99772,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,99774,139],{"class":138},[47,99776,117],{"class":61},[47,99778,2392],{"class":106},[47,99780,117],{"class":61},[47,99782,98677],{"class":113},[47,99784,2266],{"class":61},[20,99786,99787],{},[278,99788,372],{},[38,99790,99792],{"className":40,"code":99791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99793,99794,99798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99795,99796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99797,10073],{"class":61},[47,99799,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99801,3941],{"class":57},[47,99803,3944],{"class":2714},[47,99805,398],{"class":65},[47,99807,198],{"class":69},[47,99809,385],{"class":65},[47,99811,3953],{"class":57},[20,99813,99814,9434],{},[15,99815,811],{},[33,99817,72692],{"id":72691},[20,99819,99820],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99822,99823],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[38,99825,99827],{"className":40,"code":99826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99828,99829,99877,99887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99830,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99832,4711],{"class":53},[47,99834,58],{"class":57},[47,99836,1096],{"class":61},[47,99838,66],{"class":65},[47,99840,4720],{"class":69},[47,99842,66],{"class":65},[47,99844,75],{"class":61},[47,99846,78],{"class":65},[47,99848,4729],{"class":69},[47,99850,66],{"class":65},[47,99852,75],{"class":61},[47,99854,78],{"class":65},[47,99856,4720],{"class":69},[47,99858,66],{"class":65},[47,99860,75],{"class":61},[47,99862,78],{"class":65},[47,99864,4720],{"class":69},[47,99866,66],{"class":65},[47,99868,75],{"class":61},[47,99870,78],{"class":65},[47,99872,33628],{"class":69},[47,99874,66],{"class":65},[47,99876,421],{"class":61},[47,99878,99879,99881,99883,99885],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99880,139],{"class":138},[47,99882,117],{"class":61},[47,99884,4755],{"class":113},[47,99886,132],{"class":61},[47,99888,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,99890,139],{"class":138},[47,99892,117],{"class":61},[47,99894,11798],{"class":138},[47,99896,117],{"class":61},[47,99898,4755],{"class":113},[47,99900,2266],{"class":61},[20,99902,99903],{},[278,99904,30435],{},[38,99906,99908],{"className":40,"code":99907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99909,99910,99938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99911,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930,99932,99934,99936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99913,382],{"class":61},[47,99915,385],{"class":65},[47,99917,4729],{"class":69},[47,99919,385],{"class":65},[47,99921,75],{"class":61},[47,99923,398],{"class":65},[47,99925,33628],{"class":69},[47,99927,385],{"class":65},[47,99929,75],{"class":61},[47,99931,398],{"class":65},[47,99933,4720],{"class":69},[47,99935,385],{"class":65},[47,99937,421],{"class":61},[47,99939,99940],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,99941,47034],{"class":349},[20,99943,99944],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[33,99946,99948],{"id":99947},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99950,99951,99952,99954],{},"Set items must be ",[278,99953,96797],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99956,99957],{},"These usually work:",[174,99959,99960,99962,99964,99966],{},[177,99961,56882],{},[177,99963,56885],{},[177,99965,96809],{},[177,99967,41009],{},[38,99969,99971],{"className":40,"code":99970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99972,99973,100007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003,100005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99976,4470],{"class":53},[47,99978,58],{"class":57},[47,99980,1096],{"class":61},[47,99982,917],{"class":349},[47,99984,75],{"class":61},[47,99986,78],{"class":65},[47,99988,4720],{"class":69},[47,99990,66],{"class":65},[47,99992,75],{"class":61},[47,99994,9878],{"class":61},[47,99996,2981],{"class":349},[47,99998,75],{"class":61},[47,100000,8436],{"class":349},[47,100002,9875],{"class":61},[47,100004,1444],{"class":559},[47,100006,421],{"class":61},[47,100008,100009,100011,100013,100015],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100010,139],{"class":138},[47,100012,117],{"class":61},[47,100014,6003],{"class":113},[47,100016,132],{"class":61},[20,100018,100019,100020,100022],{},"These do ",[278,100021,1369],{}," work directly:",[174,100024,100025,100027],{},[177,100026,97513],{},[177,100028,97516],{},[38,100030,100032],{"className":40,"code":100031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,100033,100034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100035,100036,100039,100041,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052,100054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100037,100038],{"class":53},"bad_set ",[47,100040,58],{"class":57},[47,100042,100043],{"class":61}," {[",[47,100045,917],{"class":349},[47,100047,75],{"class":61},[47,100049,2409],{"class":349},[47,100051,75],{"class":61},[47,100053,2414],{"class":349},[47,100055,988],{"class":61},[20,100057,100058],{},"This raises an error:",[38,100060,100061],{"className":40,"code":97572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100062,100063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100064,100065,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100066,3655],{"class":106},[47,100068,172],{"class":61},[47,100070,97583],{"class":53},[47,100072,2392],{"class":106},[47,100074,172],{"class":61},[47,100076,398],{"class":65},[47,100078,1892],{"class":69},[47,100080,30105],{"class":65},[20,100082,52499],{},[38,100084,100086],{"className":40,"code":100085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,100087,100088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100089,100090,100092,100094,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100091,100038],{"class":53},[47,100093,58],{"class":57},[47,100095,100096],{"class":61}," {{",[47,100098,66],{"class":65},[47,100100,70],{"class":69},[47,100102,66],{"class":65},[47,100104,172],{"class":61},[47,100106,78],{"class":65},[47,100108,8322],{"class":69},[47,100110,66],{"class":65},[47,100112,100113],{"class":61},"}}\n",[20,100115,100116],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[33,100118,100120],{"id":100119},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[244,100122,100124],{"id":100123},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[38,100126,100128],{"className":40,"code":100127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100129,100130,100154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100131,100132,100134,100136,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100133,4270],{"class":53},[47,100135,58],{"class":57},[47,100137,1096],{"class":61},[47,100139,917],{"class":349},[47,100141,75],{"class":61},[47,100143,2409],{"class":349},[47,100145,75],{"class":61},[47,100147,2414],{"class":349},[47,100149,75],{"class":61},[47,100151,3108],{"class":349},[47,100153,421],{"class":61},[47,100155,100156,100158,100160,100162],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100157,139],{"class":138},[47,100159,117],{"class":61},[47,100161,4300],{"class":113},[47,100163,132],{"class":61},[244,100165,100167],{"id":100166},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[38,100169,100171],{"className":40,"code":100170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100172,100173,100201,100216,100220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100174,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100176,8425],{"class":53},[47,100178,58],{"class":57},[47,100180,62],{"class":61},[47,100182,917],{"class":349},[47,100184,75],{"class":61},[47,100186,2002],{"class":349},[47,100188,75],{"class":61},[47,100190,2409],{"class":349},[47,100192,75],{"class":61},[47,100194,2414],{"class":349},[47,100196,75],{"class":61},[47,100198,2414],{"class":349},[47,100200,95],{"class":61},[47,100202,100203,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100204,100205],{"class":53},"unique_items ",[47,100207,58],{"class":57},[47,100209,16243],{"class":106},[47,100211,117],{"class":61},[47,100213,8456],{"class":113},[47,100215,132],{"class":61},[47,100217,100218],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,100219,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,100221,100222,100224,100226,100229],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,100223,139],{"class":138},[47,100225,117],{"class":61},[47,100227,100228],{"class":113},"unique_items",[47,100230,132],{"class":61},[244,100232,99578],{"id":100233},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[38,100235,100237],{"className":40,"code":100236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100238,100239,100257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100240,100241,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251,100253,100255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100242,36501],{"class":53},[47,100244,58],{"class":57},[47,100246,16243],{"class":106},[47,100248,117],{"class":61},[47,100250,66],{"class":65},[47,100252,4729],{"class":69},[47,100254,66],{"class":65},[47,100256,132],{"class":61},[47,100258,100259,100261,100263,100265],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100260,139],{"class":138},[47,100262,117],{"class":61},[47,100264,36554],{"class":113},[47,100266,132],{"class":61},[244,100268,100270],{"id":100269},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[38,100272,100274],{"className":40,"code":100273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100275,100276,100286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100277,100278,100280,100282,100284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100279,98716],{"class":53},[47,100281,58],{"class":57},[47,100283,16243],{"class":106},[47,100285,9288],{"class":61},[47,100287,100288,100290,100292,100294],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100289,139],{"class":138},[47,100291,117],{"class":61},[47,100293,98735],{"class":113},[47,100295,132],{"class":61},[33,100297,1641],{"id":1640},[20,100299,100300],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[244,100302,453,100304,100306],{"id":100303},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100305,811],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100308,100309],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[38,100311,100313],{"className":40,"code":100312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100314,100315,100323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100316,100317,100319,100321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100318,3098],{"class":53},[47,100320,58],{"class":57},[47,100322,10476],{"class":61},[47,100324,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100326,139],{"class":138},[47,100328,117],{"class":61},[47,100330,2392],{"class":106},[47,100332,117],{"class":61},[47,100334,259],{"class":113},[47,100336,2266],{"class":61},[20,100338,100339],{},"This prints:",[38,100341,100342],{"className":40,"code":9454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100343,100344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100345,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100347,3941],{"class":57},[47,100349,3944],{"class":2714},[47,100351,398],{"class":65},[47,100353,198],{"class":69},[47,100355,385],{"class":65},[47,100357,3953],{"class":57},[20,100359,156,100360,7275],{},[15,100361,817],{},[244,100363,100365],{"id":100364},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100367,100368],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[38,100370,100372],{"className":40,"code":100371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100373,100374,100402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100375,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390,100392,100394,100396,100398,100400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100377,4270],{"class":53},[47,100379,58],{"class":57},[47,100381,1096],{"class":61},[47,100383,917],{"class":349},[47,100385,75],{"class":61},[47,100387,2002],{"class":349},[47,100389,75],{"class":61},[47,100391,2409],{"class":349},[47,100393,75],{"class":61},[47,100395,2409],{"class":349},[47,100397,75],{"class":61},[47,100399,2414],{"class":349},[47,100401,421],{"class":61},[47,100403,100404,100406,100408,100410],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100405,139],{"class":138},[47,100407,117],{"class":61},[47,100409,4300],{"class":113},[47,100411,132],{"class":61},[20,100413,100414],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[244,100416,100418],{"id":100417},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100420,100421],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100423,100424],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[38,100426,100428],{"className":40,"code":100427,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100429,100430,100450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100431,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100433,4270],{"class":53},[47,100435,58],{"class":57},[47,100437,1096],{"class":61},[47,100439,2981],{"class":349},[47,100441,75],{"class":61},[47,100443,8436],{"class":349},[47,100445,75],{"class":61},[47,100447,8441],{"class":349},[47,100449,421],{"class":61},[47,100451,100452],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100453,100454],{"class":152},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100456,100457],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[244,100459,100461],{"id":100460},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100463,100464],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[38,100466,100468],{"className":40,"code":100467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100469,100470,100475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100471,100472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100473,100474],{"class":152},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[47,100476,100477],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100478,100479],{"class":152},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100481,100482,100483,110],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100484,3655],{},[244,100486,100488],{"id":100487},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100490,100491],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[38,100493,100495],{"className":40,"code":100494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100496,100497,100517,100549,100553,100567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100498,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100500,16238],{"class":53},[47,100502,58],{"class":57},[47,100504,1096],{"class":61},[47,100506,917],{"class":349},[47,100508,75],{"class":61},[47,100510,2409],{"class":349},[47,100512,75],{"class":61},[47,100514,2414],{"class":349},[47,100516,421],{"class":61},[47,100518,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100520,12355],{"class":53},[47,100522,58],{"class":57},[47,100524,1096],{"class":61},[47,100526,66],{"class":65},[47,100528,210],{"class":69},[47,100530,66],{"class":65},[47,100532,172],{"class":61},[47,100534,2002],{"class":349},[47,100536,75],{"class":61},[47,100538,78],{"class":65},[47,100540,854],{"class":69},[47,100542,66],{"class":65},[47,100544,172],{"class":61},[47,100546,2409],{"class":349},[47,100548,421],{"class":61},[47,100550,100551],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,100552,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,100554,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,100556,139],{"class":138},[47,100558,117],{"class":61},[47,100560,2392],{"class":106},[47,100562,117],{"class":61},[47,100564,16276],{"class":113},[47,100566,2266],{"class":61},[47,100568,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,100570,139],{"class":138},[47,100572,117],{"class":61},[47,100574,2392],{"class":106},[47,100576,117],{"class":61},[47,100578,12083],{"class":113},[47,100580,2266],{"class":61},[33,100582,93209],{"id":93208},[20,100584,100585],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[38,100587,100589],{"className":40,"code":100588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100590,100591,100617,100621,100635,100645,100659,100666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100592,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100594,16238],{"class":53},[47,100596,58],{"class":57},[47,100598,16243],{"class":106},[47,100600,1258],{"class":61},[47,100602,917],{"class":349},[47,100604,75],{"class":61},[47,100606,2409],{"class":349},[47,100608,75],{"class":61},[47,100610,2409],{"class":349},[47,100612,75],{"class":61},[47,100614,2414],{"class":349},[47,100616,2166],{"class":61},[47,100618,100619],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100620,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,100622,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,100624,139],{"class":138},[47,100626,117],{"class":61},[47,100628,2392],{"class":106},[47,100630,117],{"class":61},[47,100632,16276],{"class":113},[47,100634,2266],{"class":61},[47,100636,100637,100639,100641,100643],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,100638,139],{"class":138},[47,100640,117],{"class":61},[47,100642,16276],{"class":113},[47,100644,132],{"class":61},[47,100646,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,100648,139],{"class":138},[47,100650,117],{"class":61},[47,100652,11798],{"class":138},[47,100654,117],{"class":61},[47,100656,16276],{"class":113},[47,100658,2266],{"class":61},[47,100660,100661,100663],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,100662,139],{"class":138},[47,100664,100665],{"class":61},"({})\n",[47,100667,100668,100670,100672,100674],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,100669,139],{"class":138},[47,100671,117],{"class":61},[47,100673,6931],{"class":106},[47,100675,7839],{"class":61},[20,100677,100678],{},"Use these to confirm:",[174,100680,100681,100684,100687,100690],{},[177,100682,100683],{},"The object type",[177,100685,100686],{},"The actual values stored",[177,100688,100689],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[177,100691,100692,100693,5036,100695],{},"The difference between ",[15,100694,811],{},[15,100696,817],{},[33,100698,2429],{"id":2428},[244,100700,100702],{"id":100701},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100704,100705,100706,100709,100710,100712],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100707,100708],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100711,817],{}," with another iterable.",[244,100714,100716],{"id":100715},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100718,156,100719,100721,100722,100724],{},[15,100720,817],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100723,811],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[244,100726,100728],{"id":100727},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100730,100731],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[244,100733,100735],{"id":100734},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100737,100738],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[244,100740,100742],{"id":100741},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100744,100745],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[33,100747,2526],{"id":2525},[174,100749,100750,100754,100760,100766,100771],{},[177,100751,100752],{},[210,100753,96754],{"href":97925},[177,100755,100756],{},[210,100757,4226,100758,1637],{"href":98926},[15,100759,96634],{},[177,100761,100762],{},[210,100763,4226,100764,1637],{"href":98945},[15,100765,97740],{},[177,100767,100768],{},[210,100769,100770],{"href":99503},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[177,100772,100773],{},[210,100774,100775],{"href":99217},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100777,100778],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2563,100780,100781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":100783},[100784,100785,100786,100787,100790,100796,100800,100801,100802,100808,100816,100817,100824],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":15772,"depth":98,"text":15773},{"id":99189,"depth":98,"text":99190},{"id":99221,"depth":98,"text":99222,"children":100788},[100789],{"id":99290,"depth":135,"text":99291},{"id":99394,"depth":98,"text":100791,"children":100792},"Create a set with set()",[100793,100794,100795],{"id":99419,"depth":135,"text":99420},{"id":99507,"depth":135,"text":99508},{"id":99577,"depth":135,"text":99578},{"id":99662,"depth":98,"text":99663,"children":100797},[100798],{"id":99739,"depth":135,"text":100799},"Do not use {}",{"id":72691,"depth":98,"text":72692},{"id":99947,"depth":98,"text":99948},{"id":100119,"depth":98,"text":100120,"children":100803},[100804,100805,100806,100807],{"id":100123,"depth":135,"text":100124},{"id":100166,"depth":135,"text":100167},{"id":100233,"depth":135,"text":99578},{"id":100269,"depth":135,"text":100270},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":100809},[100810,100812,100813,100814,100815],{"id":100303,"depth":135,"text":100811},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100364,"depth":135,"text":100365},{"id":100417,"depth":135,"text":100418},{"id":100460,"depth":135,"text":100461},{"id":100487,"depth":135,"text":100488},{"id":93208,"depth":98,"text":93209},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":100818},[100819,100820,100821,100822,100823],{"id":100701,"depth":135,"text":100702},{"id":100715,"depth":135,"text":100716},{"id":100727,"depth":135,"text":100728},{"id":100734,"depth":135,"text":100735},{"id":100741,"depth":135,"text":100742},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98992,"description":100825},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100831,"title":100832,"body":100833,"description":103264,"extension":2611,"meta":103265,"navigation":357,"path":103266,"seo":103267,"stem":103268,"__hash__":103269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100834,"toc":103229},[100835,100841,100847,100850,100852,100929,100931,100948,100958,100960,100965,100973,100975,100991,100995,100997,100999,101002,101023,101026,101050,101056,101058,101155,101157,101174,101184,101186,101188,101196,101198,101209,101211,101302,101304,101328,101339,101341,101343,101346,101476,101478,101551,101553,101574,101577,101579,101585,101590,101593,101720,101722,101739,101742,101744,101752,101755,101759,101767,101858,101860,101897,101902,101909,101986,101988,102004,102009,102014,102016,102025,102033,102114,102116,102145,102148,102152,102163,102166,102249,102251,102272,102278,102280,102282,102286,102290,102297,102362,102364,102384,102387,102456,102458,102474,102478,102484,102496,102504,102506,102591,102593,102622,102625,102629,102634,102636,102686,102689,102770,102772,102788,102792,102795,102870,102873,102877,102880,102957,102959,102992,102998,103002,103005,103140,103142,103156,103158,103160,103166,103169,103176,103184,103190,103193,103197,103200,103202,103204,103226],[10,100836,96626,100838,18],{"id":100837},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100839,100840],{},"difference()",[20,100842,100843,100846],{},[15,100844,100845],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100848,100849],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[33,100851,4260],{"id":4259},[38,100853,100855],{"className":40,"code":100854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100856,100857,100881,100901,100919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100858,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100860,3206],{"class":53},[47,100862,58],{"class":57},[47,100864,1096],{"class":61},[47,100866,917],{"class":349},[47,100868,75],{"class":61},[47,100870,2409],{"class":349},[47,100872,75],{"class":61},[47,100874,2414],{"class":349},[47,100876,75],{"class":61},[47,100878,3108],{"class":349},[47,100880,421],{"class":61},[47,100882,100883,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895,100897,100899],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,100884,3234],{"class":53},[47,100886,58],{"class":57},[47,100888,1096],{"class":61},[47,100890,2711],{"class":349},[47,100892,75],{"class":61},[47,100894,3108],{"class":349},[47,100896,75],{"class":61},[47,100898,5249],{"class":349},[47,100900,421],{"class":61},[47,100902,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,100904,2879],{"class":53},[47,100906,58],{"class":57},[47,100908,57308],{"class":53},[47,100910,110],{"class":61},[47,100912,3464],{"class":113},[47,100914,117],{"class":61},[47,100916,854],{"class":113},[47,100918,132],{"class":61},[47,100920,100921,100923,100925,100927],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,100922,139],{"class":138},[47,100924,117],{"class":61},[47,100926,2914],{"class":113},[47,100928,132],{"class":61},[20,100930,372],{},[38,100932,100934],{"className":40,"code":100933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100935,100936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100937,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100939,382],{"class":61},[47,100941,917],{"class":349},[47,100943,75],{"class":61},[47,100945,2409],{"class":349},[47,100947,421],{"class":61},[20,100949,100950,100952,100953,100955,100956,110],{},[15,100951,100840],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100954,210],{}," that are not in ",[15,100957,854],{},[45333,100959],{},[33,100961,164,100963,167],{"id":100962},"what-difference-does",[15,100964,100840],{},[20,100966,2628,100967,100969,100970,100972],{},[15,100968,100840],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[278,100971,1369],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100974,13677],{},[174,100976,100977,100982,100985,100988],{},[177,100978,100979,100981],{},[15,100980,100840],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[177,100983,100984],{},"It creates a new set",[177,100986,100987],{},"It does not change the original set",[177,100989,100990],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100992,96750,100993,110],{},[210,100994,96754],{"href":97925},[45333,100996],{},[33,100998,2806],{"id":2805},[20,101000,101001],{},"Use this form:",[38,101003,101005],{"className":40,"code":101004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,101006,101007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101008,101009,101012,101014,101016,101018,101021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101010,101011],{"class":53},"set1",[47,101013,110],{"class":61},[47,101015,3464],{"class":113},[47,101017,117],{"class":61},[47,101019,101020],{"class":113},"set2",[47,101022,132],{"class":61},[20,101024,101025],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[38,101027,101029],{"className":40,"code":101028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,101030,101031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101032,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101034,101011],{"class":53},[47,101036,110],{"class":61},[47,101038,3464],{"class":113},[47,101040,117],{"class":61},[47,101042,101020],{"class":113},[47,101044,75],{"class":61},[47,101046,101047],{"class":113}," set3",[47,101049,132],{"class":61},[20,101051,101052,101053,101055],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[278,101054,5998],{}," of the other sets.",[20,101057,603],{},[38,101059,101061],{"className":40,"code":101060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101062,101063,101091,101107,101119,101123,101145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101064,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101066,3206],{"class":53},[47,101068,58],{"class":57},[47,101070,1096],{"class":61},[47,101072,917],{"class":349},[47,101074,75],{"class":61},[47,101076,2409],{"class":349},[47,101078,75],{"class":61},[47,101080,2414],{"class":349},[47,101082,75],{"class":61},[47,101084,3108],{"class":349},[47,101086,75],{"class":61},[47,101088,5249],{"class":349},[47,101090,421],{"class":61},[47,101092,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101094,3234],{"class":53},[47,101096,58],{"class":57},[47,101098,1096],{"class":61},[47,101100,2705],{"class":349},[47,101102,75],{"class":61},[47,101104,2414],{"class":349},[47,101106,421],{"class":61},[47,101108,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,101110,83609],{"class":53},[47,101112,58],{"class":57},[47,101114,1096],{"class":61},[47,101116,2784],{"class":349},[47,101118,421],{"class":61},[47,101120,101121],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,101122,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101124,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,101126,2879],{"class":53},[47,101128,58],{"class":57},[47,101130,57308],{"class":53},[47,101132,110],{"class":61},[47,101134,3464],{"class":113},[47,101136,117],{"class":61},[47,101138,854],{"class":113},[47,101140,75],{"class":61},[47,101142,10320],{"class":113},[47,101144,132],{"class":61},[47,101146,101147,101149,101151,101153],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,101148,139],{"class":138},[47,101150,117],{"class":61},[47,101152,2914],{"class":113},[47,101154,132],{"class":61},[20,101156,372],{},[38,101158,101160],{"className":40,"code":101159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101161,101162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101163,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101165,382],{"class":61},[47,101167,917],{"class":349},[47,101169,75],{"class":61},[47,101171,3108],{"class":349},[47,101173,421],{"class":61},[20,101175,101176,101177,101179,101180,3530,101182,110],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101178,210],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101181,854],{},[15,101183,863],{},[45333,101185],{},[33,101187,273],{"id":272},[20,101189,101190,101192,101193,110],{},[15,101191,100840],{}," always returns a ",[278,101194,101195],{},"new set",[20,101197,44066],{},[174,101199,101200,101203,101206],{},[177,101201,101202],{},"The return value is a new set",[177,101204,101205],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[177,101207,101208],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101210,603],{},[38,101212,101214],{"className":40,"code":101213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101215,101216,101232,101252,101256,101274,101278,101288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101217,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101219,3206],{"class":53},[47,101221,58],{"class":57},[47,101223,1096],{"class":61},[47,101225,917],{"class":349},[47,101227,75],{"class":61},[47,101229,2409],{"class":349},[47,101231,421],{"class":61},[47,101233,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101235,3234],{"class":53},[47,101237,58],{"class":57},[47,101239,1096],{"class":61},[47,101241,917],{"class":349},[47,101243,75],{"class":61},[47,101245,2409],{"class":349},[47,101247,75],{"class":61},[47,101249,2414],{"class":349},[47,101251,421],{"class":61},[47,101253,101254],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,101255,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101257,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,101259,2879],{"class":53},[47,101261,58],{"class":57},[47,101263,57308],{"class":53},[47,101265,110],{"class":61},[47,101267,3464],{"class":113},[47,101269,117],{"class":61},[47,101271,854],{"class":113},[47,101273,132],{"class":61},[47,101275,101276],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,101277,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101279,101280,101282,101284,101286],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,101281,139],{"class":138},[47,101283,117],{"class":61},[47,101285,2914],{"class":113},[47,101287,132],{"class":61},[47,101289,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,101291,139],{"class":138},[47,101293,117],{"class":61},[47,101295,2392],{"class":106},[47,101297,117],{"class":61},[47,101299,2914],{"class":113},[47,101301,2266],{"class":61},[20,101303,372],{},[38,101305,101306],{"className":40,"code":99714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101307,101308,101314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101309,101310,101312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101311,6931],{"class":106},[47,101313,9288],{"class":61},[47,101315,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101317,3941],{"class":57},[47,101319,3944],{"class":2714},[47,101321,398],{"class":65},[47,101323,6931],{"class":69},[47,101325,385],{"class":65},[47,101327,3953],{"class":57},[20,101329,101330,101331,1889,101333,101335,101336,101338],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101332,817],{},[15,101334,811],{},". In Python, ",[15,101337,811],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45333,101340],{},[33,101342,12109],{"id":12108},[20,101344,101345],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[38,101347,101349],{"className":40,"code":101348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101350,101351,101384,101417,101421,101441,101445,101455,101466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101352,101353,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101354,101355],{"class":53},"fruits_a ",[47,101357,58],{"class":57},[47,101359,1096],{"class":61},[47,101361,66],{"class":65},[47,101363,4720],{"class":69},[47,101365,66],{"class":65},[47,101367,75],{"class":61},[47,101369,78],{"class":65},[47,101371,4729],{"class":69},[47,101373,66],{"class":65},[47,101375,75],{"class":61},[47,101377,78],{"class":65},[47,101379,33628],{"class":69},[47,101381,66],{"class":65},[47,101383,421],{"class":61},[47,101385,101386,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101387,101388],{"class":53},"fruits_b ",[47,101390,58],{"class":57},[47,101392,1096],{"class":61},[47,101394,66],{"class":65},[47,101396,4729],{"class":69},[47,101398,66],{"class":65},[47,101400,75],{"class":61},[47,101402,78],{"class":65},[47,101404,33628],{"class":69},[47,101406,66],{"class":65},[47,101408,75],{"class":61},[47,101410,78],{"class":65},[47,101412,22935],{"class":69},[47,101414,66],{"class":65},[47,101416,421],{"class":61},[47,101418,101419],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,101420,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101422,101423,101425,101427,101430,101432,101434,101436,101439],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,101424,2879],{"class":53},[47,101426,58],{"class":57},[47,101428,101429],{"class":53}," fruits_a",[47,101431,110],{"class":61},[47,101433,3464],{"class":113},[47,101435,117],{"class":61},[47,101437,101438],{"class":113},"fruits_b",[47,101440,132],{"class":61},[47,101442,101443],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,101444,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101446,101447,101449,101451,101453],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,101448,139],{"class":138},[47,101450,117],{"class":61},[47,101452,2914],{"class":113},[47,101454,132],{"class":61},[47,101456,101457,101459,101461,101464],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,101458,139],{"class":138},[47,101460,117],{"class":61},[47,101462,101463],{"class":113},"fruits_a",[47,101465,132],{"class":61},[47,101467,101468,101470,101472,101474],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,101469,139],{"class":138},[47,101471,117],{"class":61},[47,101473,101438],{"class":113},[47,101475,132],{"class":61},[20,101477,30435],{},[38,101479,101481],{"className":40,"code":101480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101482,101483,101495,101523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101484,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101486,382],{"class":61},[47,101488,385],{"class":65},[47,101490,4720],{"class":69},[47,101492,385],{"class":65},[47,101494,421],{"class":61},[47,101496,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101498,382],{"class":61},[47,101500,385],{"class":65},[47,101502,4729],{"class":69},[47,101504,385],{"class":65},[47,101506,75],{"class":61},[47,101508,398],{"class":65},[47,101510,33628],{"class":69},[47,101512,385],{"class":65},[47,101514,75],{"class":61},[47,101516,398],{"class":65},[47,101518,4720],{"class":69},[47,101520,385],{"class":65},[47,101522,421],{"class":61},[47,101524,101525,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,101526,382],{"class":61},[47,101528,385],{"class":65},[47,101530,4729],{"class":69},[47,101532,385],{"class":65},[47,101534,75],{"class":61},[47,101536,398],{"class":65},[47,101538,33628],{"class":69},[47,101540,385],{"class":65},[47,101542,75],{"class":61},[47,101544,398],{"class":65},[47,101546,22935],{"class":69},[47,101548,385],{"class":65},[47,101550,421],{"class":61},[20,101552,424],{},[174,101554,101555,101560,101565,101571],{},[177,101556,101557,101558],{},"Start with ",[15,101559,101463],{},[177,101561,101562,101563],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101564,101438],{},[177,101566,101567,101568,101570],{},"Only ",[15,101569,58254],{}," remains",[177,101572,101573],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101575,101576],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45333,101578],{},[33,101580,453,101582,101584],{"id":101581},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101583,100840],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101586,101587,101588,110],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101589,100840],{},[20,101591,101592],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[38,101594,101596],{"className":40,"code":101595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101597,101598,101630,101647,101660,101677,101681,101710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101599,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101601,4270],{"class":53},[47,101603,58],{"class":57},[47,101605,1096],{"class":61},[47,101607,917],{"class":349},[47,101609,75],{"class":61},[47,101611,2409],{"class":349},[47,101613,75],{"class":61},[47,101615,2414],{"class":349},[47,101617,75],{"class":61},[47,101619,3108],{"class":349},[47,101621,75],{"class":61},[47,101623,5249],{"class":349},[47,101625,75],{"class":61},[47,101627,38056],{"class":349},[47,101629,421],{"class":61},[47,101631,101632,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101633,101634],{"class":53},"group_a ",[47,101636,58],{"class":57},[47,101638,1096],{"class":61},[47,101640,2705],{"class":349},[47,101642,75],{"class":61},[47,101644,3108],{"class":349},[47,101646,421],{"class":61},[47,101648,101649,101652,101654,101656,101658],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,101650,101651],{"class":53},"group_b ",[47,101653,58],{"class":57},[47,101655,1096],{"class":61},[47,101657,2784],{"class":349},[47,101659,421],{"class":61},[47,101661,101662,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,101663,101664],{"class":53},"group_c ",[47,101666,58],{"class":57},[47,101668,1096],{"class":61},[47,101670,81017],{"class":349},[47,101672,75],{"class":61},[47,101674,6637],{"class":349},[47,101676,421],{"class":61},[47,101678,101679],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,101680,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101682,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695,101698,101700,101703,101705,101708],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,101684,2879],{"class":53},[47,101686,58],{"class":57},[47,101688,4905],{"class":53},[47,101690,110],{"class":61},[47,101692,3464],{"class":113},[47,101694,117],{"class":61},[47,101696,101697],{"class":113},"group_a",[47,101699,75],{"class":61},[47,101701,101702],{"class":113}," group_b",[47,101704,75],{"class":61},[47,101706,101707],{"class":113}," group_c",[47,101709,132],{"class":61},[47,101711,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,101713,139],{"class":138},[47,101715,117],{"class":61},[47,101717,2914],{"class":113},[47,101719,132],{"class":61},[20,101721,372],{},[38,101723,101725],{"className":40,"code":101724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101726,101727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101728,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101730,382],{"class":61},[47,101732,917],{"class":349},[47,101734,75],{"class":61},[47,101736,2414],{"class":349},[47,101738,421],{"class":61},[20,101740,101741],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45333,101743],{},[33,101745,101747,11222,101749],{"id":101746},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101748,100840],{},[15,101750,101751],{},"difference_update()",[20,101753,101754],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[244,101756,101757],{"id":3464},[15,101758,100840],{},[174,101760,101761,101764],{},[177,101762,101763],{},"Returns a new set",[177,101765,101766],{},"Does not change the original set",[38,101768,101770],{"className":40,"code":101769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101771,101772,101796,101812,101816,101834,101838,101848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101773,101774,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101775,3206],{"class":53},[47,101777,58],{"class":57},[47,101779,1096],{"class":61},[47,101781,917],{"class":349},[47,101783,75],{"class":61},[47,101785,2409],{"class":349},[47,101787,75],{"class":61},[47,101789,2414],{"class":349},[47,101791,75],{"class":61},[47,101793,3108],{"class":349},[47,101795,421],{"class":61},[47,101797,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101799,3234],{"class":53},[47,101801,58],{"class":57},[47,101803,1096],{"class":61},[47,101805,2711],{"class":349},[47,101807,75],{"class":61},[47,101809,3108],{"class":349},[47,101811,421],{"class":61},[47,101813,101814],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,101815,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101817,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,101819,2879],{"class":53},[47,101821,58],{"class":57},[47,101823,57308],{"class":53},[47,101825,110],{"class":61},[47,101827,3464],{"class":113},[47,101829,117],{"class":61},[47,101831,854],{"class":113},[47,101833,132],{"class":61},[47,101835,101836],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,101837,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101839,101840,101842,101844,101846],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,101841,139],{"class":138},[47,101843,117],{"class":61},[47,101845,2914],{"class":113},[47,101847,132],{"class":61},[47,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,101851,139],{"class":138},[47,101853,117],{"class":61},[47,101855,210],{"class":113},[47,101857,132],{"class":61},[20,101859,372],{},[38,101861,101863],{"className":40,"code":101862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101864,101865,101877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101866,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101868,382],{"class":61},[47,101870,917],{"class":349},[47,101872,75],{"class":61},[47,101874,2409],{"class":349},[47,101876,421],{"class":61},[47,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101880,382],{"class":61},[47,101882,917],{"class":349},[47,101884,75],{"class":61},[47,101886,2409],{"class":349},[47,101888,75],{"class":61},[47,101890,2414],{"class":349},[47,101892,75],{"class":61},[47,101894,3108],{"class":349},[47,101896,421],{"class":61},[244,101898,101900],{"id":101899},"difference_update",[15,101901,101751],{},[174,101903,101904,101907],{},[177,101905,101906],{},"Changes the original set",[177,101908,96744],{},[38,101910,101912],{"className":40,"code":101911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101913,101914,101938,101954,101958,101972,101976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101915,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101917,3206],{"class":53},[47,101919,58],{"class":57},[47,101921,1096],{"class":61},[47,101923,917],{"class":349},[47,101925,75],{"class":61},[47,101927,2409],{"class":349},[47,101929,75],{"class":61},[47,101931,2414],{"class":349},[47,101933,75],{"class":61},[47,101935,3108],{"class":349},[47,101937,421],{"class":61},[47,101939,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,101941,3234],{"class":53},[47,101943,58],{"class":57},[47,101945,1096],{"class":61},[47,101947,2711],{"class":349},[47,101949,75],{"class":61},[47,101951,3108],{"class":349},[47,101953,421],{"class":61},[47,101955,101956],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,101957,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,101961,210],{"class":53},[47,101963,110],{"class":61},[47,101965,101899],{"class":113},[47,101967,117],{"class":61},[47,101969,854],{"class":113},[47,101971,132],{"class":61},[47,101973,101974],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,101975,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,101979,139],{"class":138},[47,101981,117],{"class":61},[47,101983,210],{"class":113},[47,101985,132],{"class":61},[20,101987,372],{},[38,101989,101990],{"className":40,"code":100933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101991,101992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101993,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101995,382],{"class":61},[47,101997,917],{"class":349},[47,101999,75],{"class":61},[47,102001,2409],{"class":349},[47,102003,421],{"class":61},[20,102005,156,102006,102008],{},[15,102007,100840],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,102010,102011,102012,34008],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,102013,101751],{},[45333,102015],{},[33,102017,102019,102021,102022,102024],{"id":102018},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,102020,100840],{}," vs the ",[15,102023,2670],{}," operator",[20,102026,2628,102027,102029,102030,102032],{},[15,102028,2670],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,102031,100840],{}," for two sets.",[38,102034,102036],{"className":40,"code":102035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,102037,102038,102062,102078,102082,102100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102039,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102041,3206],{"class":53},[47,102043,58],{"class":57},[47,102045,1096],{"class":61},[47,102047,917],{"class":349},[47,102049,75],{"class":61},[47,102051,2409],{"class":349},[47,102053,75],{"class":61},[47,102055,2414],{"class":349},[47,102057,75],{"class":61},[47,102059,3108],{"class":349},[47,102061,421],{"class":61},[47,102063,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102065,3234],{"class":53},[47,102067,58],{"class":57},[47,102069,1096],{"class":61},[47,102071,2711],{"class":349},[47,102073,75],{"class":61},[47,102075,3108],{"class":349},[47,102077,421],{"class":61},[47,102079,102080],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102081,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102083,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102085,139],{"class":138},[47,102087,117],{"class":61},[47,102089,210],{"class":113},[47,102091,110],{"class":61},[47,102093,3464],{"class":113},[47,102095,117],{"class":61},[47,102097,854],{"class":113},[47,102099,2266],{"class":61},[47,102101,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,102103,139],{"class":138},[47,102105,117],{"class":61},[47,102107,3206],{"class":113},[47,102109,2670],{"class":57},[47,102111,3211],{"class":113},[47,102113,132],{"class":61},[20,102115,372],{},[38,102117,102119],{"className":40,"code":102118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102120,102121,102133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102122,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102124,382],{"class":61},[47,102126,917],{"class":349},[47,102128,75],{"class":61},[47,102130,2409],{"class":349},[47,102132,421],{"class":61},[47,102134,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102136,382],{"class":61},[47,102138,917],{"class":349},[47,102140,75],{"class":61},[47,102142,2409],{"class":349},[47,102144,421],{"class":61},[20,102146,102147],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,102149,95014,102150,3143],{},[15,102151,100840],{},[174,102153,102154,102157,102160],{},[177,102155,102156],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[177,102158,102159],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[177,102161,102162],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102164,102165],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[38,102167,102169],{"className":40,"code":102168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102170,102171,102199,102211,102223,102227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102172,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102174,3206],{"class":53},[47,102176,58],{"class":57},[47,102178,1096],{"class":61},[47,102180,917],{"class":349},[47,102182,75],{"class":61},[47,102184,2409],{"class":349},[47,102186,75],{"class":61},[47,102188,2414],{"class":349},[47,102190,75],{"class":61},[47,102192,3108],{"class":349},[47,102194,75],{"class":61},[47,102196,5249],{"class":349},[47,102198,421],{"class":61},[47,102200,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102202,3234],{"class":53},[47,102204,58],{"class":57},[47,102206,1096],{"class":61},[47,102208,2705],{"class":349},[47,102210,421],{"class":61},[47,102212,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102214,83609],{"class":53},[47,102216,58],{"class":57},[47,102218,1096],{"class":61},[47,102220,3156],{"class":349},[47,102222,421],{"class":61},[47,102224,102225],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102226,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102228,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,102230,139],{"class":138},[47,102232,117],{"class":61},[47,102234,210],{"class":113},[47,102236,110],{"class":61},[47,102238,3464],{"class":113},[47,102240,117],{"class":61},[47,102242,854],{"class":113},[47,102244,75],{"class":61},[47,102246,10320],{"class":113},[47,102248,2266],{"class":61},[20,102250,372],{},[38,102252,102254],{"className":40,"code":102253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102255,102256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102257,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102259,382],{"class":61},[47,102261,917],{"class":349},[47,102263,75],{"class":61},[47,102265,2414],{"class":349},[47,102267,75],{"class":61},[47,102269,5249],{"class":349},[47,102271,421],{"class":61},[20,102273,102274,102275,102277],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102276,2670],{}," operator expression.",[45333,102279],{},[33,102281,5162],{"id":5161},[20,102283,21613,102284,110],{},[15,102285,100840],{},[244,102287,102289],{"id":102288},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102291,5272,102292,102294,102295,172],{},[278,102293,1369],{}," change ",[15,102296,210],{},[38,102298,102300],{"className":40,"code":102299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102301,102302,102322,102334,102338,102352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102303,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102305,3206],{"class":53},[47,102307,58],{"class":57},[47,102309,1096],{"class":61},[47,102311,917],{"class":349},[47,102313,75],{"class":61},[47,102315,2409],{"class":349},[47,102317,75],{"class":61},[47,102319,2414],{"class":349},[47,102321,421],{"class":61},[47,102323,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102325,3234],{"class":53},[47,102327,58],{"class":57},[47,102329,1096],{"class":61},[47,102331,2711],{"class":349},[47,102333,421],{"class":61},[47,102335,102336],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102337,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102339,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102341,210],{"class":53},[47,102343,110],{"class":61},[47,102345,3464],{"class":113},[47,102347,117],{"class":61},[47,102349,854],{"class":113},[47,102351,132],{"class":61},[47,102353,102354,102356,102358,102360],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,102355,139],{"class":138},[47,102357,117],{"class":61},[47,102359,210],{"class":113},[47,102361,132],{"class":61},[20,102363,372],{},[38,102365,102366],{"className":40,"code":97033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102367,102368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102369,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102371,382],{"class":61},[47,102373,917],{"class":349},[47,102375,75],{"class":61},[47,102377,2409],{"class":349},[47,102379,75],{"class":61},[47,102381,2414],{"class":349},[47,102383,421],{"class":61},[20,102385,102386],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[38,102388,102390],{"className":40,"code":102389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102391,102392,102412,102424,102428,102446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102393,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102395,3206],{"class":53},[47,102397,58],{"class":57},[47,102399,1096],{"class":61},[47,102401,917],{"class":349},[47,102403,75],{"class":61},[47,102405,2409],{"class":349},[47,102407,75],{"class":61},[47,102409,2414],{"class":349},[47,102411,421],{"class":61},[47,102413,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102415,3234],{"class":53},[47,102417,58],{"class":57},[47,102419,1096],{"class":61},[47,102421,2711],{"class":349},[47,102423,421],{"class":61},[47,102425,102426],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102427,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102429,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102431,3206],{"class":53},[47,102433,58],{"class":57},[47,102435,57308],{"class":53},[47,102437,110],{"class":61},[47,102439,3464],{"class":113},[47,102441,117],{"class":61},[47,102443,854],{"class":113},[47,102445,132],{"class":61},[47,102447,102448,102450,102452,102454],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,102449,139],{"class":138},[47,102451,117],{"class":61},[47,102453,210],{"class":113},[47,102455,132],{"class":61},[20,102457,372],{},[38,102459,102460],{"className":40,"code":100933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102461,102462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102463,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102465,382],{"class":61},[47,102467,917],{"class":349},[47,102469,75],{"class":61},[47,102471,2409],{"class":349},[47,102473,421],{"class":61},[244,102475,102477],{"id":102476},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102479,102480,102483],{},[15,102481,102482],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[174,102485,102486,102491],{},[177,102487,102488,102489],{},"keep items from ",[15,102490,210],{},[177,102492,102493,102494],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102495,854],{},[20,102497,41320,102498,102500,102501,102503],{},[278,102499,1369],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102502,854],{},"”.",[20,102505,603],{},[38,102507,102509],{"className":40,"code":102508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102510,102511,102531,102551,102555,102573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102512,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102514,3206],{"class":53},[47,102516,58],{"class":57},[47,102518,1096],{"class":61},[47,102520,917],{"class":349},[47,102522,75],{"class":61},[47,102524,2409],{"class":349},[47,102526,75],{"class":61},[47,102528,2414],{"class":349},[47,102530,421],{"class":61},[47,102532,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102534,3234],{"class":53},[47,102536,58],{"class":57},[47,102538,1096],{"class":61},[47,102540,2711],{"class":349},[47,102542,75],{"class":61},[47,102544,3108],{"class":349},[47,102546,75],{"class":61},[47,102548,5249],{"class":349},[47,102550,421],{"class":61},[47,102552,102553],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102554,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102556,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102558,139],{"class":138},[47,102560,117],{"class":61},[47,102562,210],{"class":113},[47,102564,110],{"class":61},[47,102566,3464],{"class":113},[47,102568,117],{"class":61},[47,102570,854],{"class":113},[47,102572,2266],{"class":61},[47,102574,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,102576,139],{"class":138},[47,102578,117],{"class":61},[47,102580,854],{"class":113},[47,102582,110],{"class":61},[47,102584,3464],{"class":113},[47,102586,117],{"class":61},[47,102588,210],{"class":113},[47,102590,2266],{"class":61},[20,102592,372],{},[38,102594,102596],{"className":40,"code":102595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102597,102598,102610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102599,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102601,382],{"class":61},[47,102603,917],{"class":349},[47,102605,75],{"class":61},[47,102607,2409],{"class":349},[47,102609,421],{"class":61},[47,102611,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102613,382],{"class":61},[47,102615,3156],{"class":349},[47,102617,75],{"class":61},[47,102619,5249],{"class":349},[47,102621,421],{"class":61},[20,102623,102624],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[244,102626,102628],{"id":102627},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102630,102631,102633],{},[15,102632,100840],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102635,55739],{},[38,102637,102639],{"className":40,"code":102638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102640,102641,102661,102677,102681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102642,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653,102655,102657,102659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102644,3206],{"class":53},[47,102646,58],{"class":57},[47,102648,62],{"class":61},[47,102650,917],{"class":349},[47,102652,75],{"class":61},[47,102654,2409],{"class":349},[47,102656,75],{"class":61},[47,102658,2414],{"class":349},[47,102660,95],{"class":61},[47,102662,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102664,3234],{"class":53},[47,102666,58],{"class":57},[47,102668,62],{"class":61},[47,102670,2711],{"class":349},[47,102672,75],{"class":61},[47,102674,3108],{"class":349},[47,102676,95],{"class":61},[47,102678,102679],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102680,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102682,102683],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102684,102685],{"class":152},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102687,102688],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[38,102690,102692],{"className":40,"code":102691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102693,102694,102714,102730,102734,102760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102695,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102697,3206],{"class":53},[47,102699,58],{"class":57},[47,102701,62],{"class":61},[47,102703,917],{"class":349},[47,102705,75],{"class":61},[47,102707,2409],{"class":349},[47,102709,75],{"class":61},[47,102711,2414],{"class":349},[47,102713,95],{"class":61},[47,102715,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102717,3234],{"class":53},[47,102719,58],{"class":57},[47,102721,62],{"class":61},[47,102723,2711],{"class":349},[47,102725,75],{"class":61},[47,102727,3108],{"class":349},[47,102729,95],{"class":61},[47,102731,102732],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102733,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102735,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102737,2879],{"class":53},[47,102739,58],{"class":57},[47,102741,16243],{"class":106},[47,102743,117],{"class":61},[47,102745,210],{"class":113},[47,102747,9276],{"class":61},[47,102749,3464],{"class":113},[47,102751,117],{"class":61},[47,102753,6931],{"class":106},[47,102755,117],{"class":61},[47,102757,854],{"class":113},[47,102759,2266],{"class":61},[47,102761,102762,102764,102766,102768],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,102763,139],{"class":138},[47,102765,117],{"class":61},[47,102767,2914],{"class":113},[47,102769,132],{"class":61},[20,102771,372],{},[38,102773,102774],{"className":40,"code":100933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102775,102776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102777,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102779,382],{"class":61},[47,102781,917],{"class":349},[47,102783,75],{"class":61},[47,102785,2409],{"class":349},[47,102787,421],{"class":61},[244,102789,102791],{"id":102790},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102793,102794],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[38,102796,102798],{"className":40,"code":102797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102799,102800,102832,102848,102852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102801,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102803,3206],{"class":53},[47,102805,58],{"class":57},[47,102807,1096],{"class":61},[47,102809,66],{"class":65},[47,102811,37459],{"class":69},[47,102813,66],{"class":65},[47,102815,75],{"class":61},[47,102817,78],{"class":65},[47,102819,58548],{"class":69},[47,102821,66],{"class":65},[47,102823,75],{"class":61},[47,102825,78],{"class":65},[47,102827,58565],{"class":69},[47,102829,66],{"class":65},[47,102831,421],{"class":61},[47,102833,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102835,3234],{"class":53},[47,102837,58],{"class":57},[47,102839,1096],{"class":61},[47,102841,66],{"class":65},[47,102843,58548],{"class":69},[47,102845,66],{"class":65},[47,102847,421],{"class":61},[47,102849,102850],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102851,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102853,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102855,139],{"class":138},[47,102857,117],{"class":61},[47,102859,210],{"class":113},[47,102861,110],{"class":61},[47,102863,3464],{"class":113},[47,102865,117],{"class":61},[47,102867,854],{"class":113},[47,102869,2266],{"class":61},[20,102871,102872],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[244,102874,102876],{"id":102875},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102878,102879],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,102881,102883],{"className":40,"code":102882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102884,102885,102913,102925,102929,102939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102886,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102888,3206],{"class":53},[47,102890,58],{"class":57},[47,102892,1096],{"class":61},[47,102894,917],{"class":349},[47,102896,75],{"class":61},[47,102898,2002],{"class":349},[47,102900,75],{"class":61},[47,102902,2409],{"class":349},[47,102904,75],{"class":61},[47,102906,2409],{"class":349},[47,102908,75],{"class":61},[47,102910,2414],{"class":349},[47,102912,421],{"class":61},[47,102914,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102916,3234],{"class":53},[47,102918,58],{"class":57},[47,102920,1096],{"class":61},[47,102922,2711],{"class":349},[47,102924,421],{"class":61},[47,102926,102927],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,102928,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,102930,102931,102933,102935,102937],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,102932,139],{"class":138},[47,102934,117],{"class":61},[47,102936,210],{"class":113},[47,102938,132],{"class":61},[47,102940,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,102942,139],{"class":138},[47,102944,117],{"class":61},[47,102946,210],{"class":113},[47,102948,110],{"class":61},[47,102950,3464],{"class":113},[47,102952,117],{"class":61},[47,102954,854],{"class":113},[47,102956,2266],{"class":61},[20,102958,372],{},[38,102960,102962],{"className":40,"code":102961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102963,102964,102980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102965,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102967,382],{"class":61},[47,102969,917],{"class":349},[47,102971,75],{"class":61},[47,102973,2409],{"class":349},[47,102975,75],{"class":61},[47,102977,2414],{"class":349},[47,102979,421],{"class":61},[47,102981,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,102983,382],{"class":61},[47,102985,917],{"class":349},[47,102987,75],{"class":61},[47,102989,2409],{"class":349},[47,102991,421],{"class":61},[20,102993,102994,102995,102997],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102996,100840],{}," runs.",[244,102999,103001],{"id":103000},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,103003,103004],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[38,103006,103008],{"className":40,"code":103007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,103009,103010,103034,103054,103058,103068,103078,103096,103118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103011,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103013,3206],{"class":53},[47,103015,58],{"class":57},[47,103017,1096],{"class":61},[47,103019,917],{"class":349},[47,103021,75],{"class":61},[47,103023,2409],{"class":349},[47,103025,75],{"class":61},[47,103027,2414],{"class":349},[47,103029,75],{"class":61},[47,103031,3108],{"class":349},[47,103033,421],{"class":61},[47,103035,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103037,3234],{"class":53},[47,103039,58],{"class":57},[47,103041,1096],{"class":61},[47,103043,2711],{"class":349},[47,103045,75],{"class":61},[47,103047,3108],{"class":349},[47,103049,75],{"class":61},[47,103051,5249],{"class":349},[47,103053,421],{"class":61},[47,103055,103056],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,103057,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,103059,103060,103062,103064,103066],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,103061,139],{"class":138},[47,103063,117],{"class":61},[47,103065,210],{"class":113},[47,103067,132],{"class":61},[47,103069,103070,103072,103074,103076],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,103071,139],{"class":138},[47,103073,117],{"class":61},[47,103075,854],{"class":113},[47,103077,132],{"class":61},[47,103079,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,103081,139],{"class":138},[47,103083,117],{"class":61},[47,103085,210],{"class":113},[47,103087,110],{"class":61},[47,103089,3464],{"class":113},[47,103091,117],{"class":61},[47,103093,854],{"class":113},[47,103095,2266],{"class":61},[47,103097,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,103099,139],{"class":138},[47,103101,117],{"class":61},[47,103103,2392],{"class":106},[47,103105,117],{"class":61},[47,103107,210],{"class":113},[47,103109,110],{"class":61},[47,103111,3464],{"class":113},[47,103113,117],{"class":61},[47,103115,854],{"class":113},[47,103117,2425],{"class":61},[47,103119,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,103121,139],{"class":138},[47,103123,117],{"class":61},[47,103125,11798],{"class":138},[47,103127,117],{"class":61},[47,103129,210],{"class":113},[47,103131,110],{"class":61},[47,103133,3464],{"class":113},[47,103135,117],{"class":61},[47,103137,854],{"class":113},[47,103139,2425],{"class":61},[20,103141,11807],{},[174,103143,103144,103147,103150,103153],{},[177,103145,103146],{},"what is in each set",[177,103148,103149],{},"what result Python creates",[177,103151,103152],{},"that the result is a set",[177,103154,103155],{},"how many items remain",[45333,103157],{},[33,103159,2429],{"id":2428},[244,103161,2433,103163,103165],{"id":103162},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103164,100840],{}," change the original set?",[20,103167,103168],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[244,103170,5823,103172,5036,103174,3143],{"id":103171},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103173,100840],{},[15,103175,101751],{},[20,103177,103178,103180,103181,103183],{},[15,103179,100840],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103182,101751],{}," modifies the original set.",[244,103185,28733,103187,103189],{"id":103186},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103188,100840],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103191,103192],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[244,103194,103196],{"id":103195},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103198,103199],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45333,103201],{},[33,103203,2526],{"id":2525},[174,103205,103206,103210,103218],{},[177,103207,103208],{},[210,103209,96754],{"href":97925},[177,103211,103212],{},[210,103213,97240,103215,1637],{"href":103214},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103216,103217],{},"intersection()",[177,103219,103220],{},[210,103221,97240,103223,1637],{"href":103222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103224,103225],{},"union()",[2563,103227,103228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":103230},[103231,103232,103234,103235,103236,103237,103239,103244,103246,103254,103263],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":100962,"depth":98,"text":103233},"What difference() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":101581,"depth":98,"text":103238},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101746,"depth":98,"text":103240,"children":103241},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103242,103243],{"id":3464,"depth":135,"text":100840},{"id":101899,"depth":135,"text":101751},{"id":102018,"depth":98,"text":103245},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":103247},[103248,103249,103250,103251,103252,103253],{"id":102288,"depth":135,"text":102289},{"id":102476,"depth":135,"text":102477},{"id":102627,"depth":135,"text":102628},{"id":102790,"depth":135,"text":102791},{"id":102875,"depth":135,"text":102876},{"id":103000,"depth":135,"text":103001},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":103255},[103256,103258,103260,103262],{"id":103162,"depth":135,"text":103257},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103171,"depth":135,"text":103259},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103186,"depth":135,"text":103261},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103195,"depth":135,"text":103196},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100832,"description":103264},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103271,"title":103272,"body":103273,"description":104968,"extension":2611,"meta":104969,"navigation":357,"path":104970,"seo":104971,"stem":104972,"__hash__":104973},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103274,"toc":104930},[103275,103281,103287,103300,103302,103403,103405,103450,103455,103460,103464,103478,103481,103489,103491,103510,103528,103532,103585,103587,103608,103615,103620,103647,103654,103753,103755,103792,103800,103804,103810,103813,103886,103888,103896,103901,103970,103972,103997,103999,104002,104105,104107,104168,104171,104175,104181,104254,104256,104289,104292,104295,104335,104341,104364,104369,104373,104384,104387,104389,104393,104399,104401,104458,104468,104470,104523,104530,104535,104603,104611,104617,104621,104623,104662,104667,104716,104720,104723,104725,104764,104767,104769,104774,104831,104833,104847,104849,104853,104859,104864,104869,104876,104887,104893,104898,104900,104927],[10,103276,96626,103278,18],{"id":103277},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103279,103280],{},"discard()",[20,103282,103283,103286],{},[15,103284,103285],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103288,103289,103290,2838,103295,14668,103297,103299],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[210,103291,103292],{"href":98635},[15,103293,103294],{},"set.remove()",[15,103296,103280],{},[278,103298,1369],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[33,103301,36],{"id":35},[38,103303,103305],{"className":40,"code":103304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103306,103307,103339,103358,103368,103372,103393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103308,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103310,332],{"class":53},[47,103312,58],{"class":57},[47,103314,1096],{"class":61},[47,103316,66],{"class":65},[47,103318,305],{"class":69},[47,103320,66],{"class":65},[47,103322,75],{"class":61},[47,103324,78],{"class":65},[47,103326,323],{"class":69},[47,103328,66],{"class":65},[47,103330,75],{"class":61},[47,103332,78],{"class":65},[47,103334,314],{"class":69},[47,103336,66],{"class":65},[47,103338,421],{"class":61},[47,103340,103341,103343,103345,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103342,367],{"class":53},[47,103344,110],{"class":61},[47,103346,103347],{"class":113},"discard",[47,103349,117],{"class":61},[47,103351,66],{"class":65},[47,103353,323],{"class":69},[47,103355,66],{"class":65},[47,103357,132],{"class":61},[47,103359,103360,103362,103364,103366],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,103361,139],{"class":138},[47,103363,117],{"class":61},[47,103365,367],{"class":113},[47,103367,132],{"class":61},[47,103369,103370],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,103371,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,103373,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,103375,367],{"class":53},[47,103377,110],{"class":61},[47,103379,103347],{"class":113},[47,103381,117],{"class":61},[47,103383,66],{"class":65},[47,103385,22926],{"class":69},[47,103387,66],{"class":65},[47,103389,4313],{"class":61},[47,103391,103392],{"class":152},"  # no error if missing\n",[47,103394,103395,103397,103399,103401],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,103396,139],{"class":138},[47,103398,117],{"class":61},[47,103400,367],{"class":113},[47,103402,132],{"class":61},[20,103404,30435],{},[38,103406,103408],{"className":40,"code":103407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103409,103410,103430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103411,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103413,382],{"class":61},[47,103415,385],{"class":65},[47,103417,305],{"class":69},[47,103419,385],{"class":65},[47,103421,75],{"class":61},[47,103423,398],{"class":65},[47,103425,314],{"class":69},[47,103427,385],{"class":65},[47,103429,421],{"class":61},[47,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103433,382],{"class":61},[47,103435,385],{"class":65},[47,103437,305],{"class":69},[47,103439,385],{"class":65},[47,103441,75],{"class":61},[47,103443,398],{"class":65},[47,103445,314],{"class":69},[47,103447,385],{"class":65},[47,103449,421],{"class":61},[20,103451,156,103452,103454],{},[15,103453,103280],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[33,103456,164,103458,167],{"id":103457},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103459,103285],{},[20,103461,103462,172],{},[15,103463,103280],{},[174,103465,103466,103469,103472,103474],{},[177,103467,103468],{},"Removes one item from a set",[177,103470,103471],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[177,103473,96741],{},[177,103475,12057,103476],{},[15,103477,269],{},[20,103479,103480],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103482,96750,103483,3530,103486,110],{},[210,103484,103485],{"href":99217},"what a set is in Python",[210,103487,103488],{"href":98309},"how to create a set",[33,103490,2806],{"id":2805},[38,103492,103494],{"className":40,"code":103493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103495,103496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103497,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103499,16276],{"class":53},[47,103501,110],{"class":61},[47,103503,103347],{"class":113},[47,103505,117],{"class":61},[47,103507,259],{"class":113},[47,103509,132],{"class":61},[174,103511,103512,103517,103522,103525],{},[177,103513,103514,103516],{},[15,103515,16276],{}," is the set you want to change",[177,103518,103519,103521],{},[15,103520,259],{}," is the item you want to remove",[177,103523,103524],{},"The set must already exist",[177,103526,103527],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[244,103529,103531],{"id":103530},"example","Example",[38,103533,103535],{"className":40,"code":103534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103536,103537,103561,103575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103538,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103540,4270],{"class":53},[47,103542,58],{"class":57},[47,103544,1096],{"class":61},[47,103546,917],{"class":349},[47,103548,75],{"class":61},[47,103550,2409],{"class":349},[47,103552,75],{"class":61},[47,103554,2414],{"class":349},[47,103556,75],{"class":61},[47,103558,3108],{"class":349},[47,103560,421],{"class":61},[47,103562,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103564,4300],{"class":53},[47,103566,110],{"class":61},[47,103568,103347],{"class":113},[47,103570,117],{"class":61},[47,103572,2711],{"class":349},[47,103574,132],{"class":61},[47,103576,103577,103579,103581,103583],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,103578,139],{"class":138},[47,103580,117],{"class":61},[47,103582,4300],{"class":113},[47,103584,132],{"class":61},[20,103586,372],{},[38,103588,103590],{"className":40,"code":103589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103591,103592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103593,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103595,382],{"class":61},[47,103597,917],{"class":349},[47,103599,75],{"class":61},[47,103601,2409],{"class":349},[47,103603,75],{"class":61},[47,103605,3108],{"class":349},[47,103607,421],{"class":61},[33,103609,103611,103612,103614],{"id":103610},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103613,103280],{}," different",[20,103616,103617,103619],{},[15,103618,103280],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[174,103621,103622,103635,103644],{},[177,103623,103624,103625,2838,103629,103631,103632,103634],{},"Unlike ",[210,103626,103627],{"href":98635},[15,103628,55949],{},[15,103630,103280],{}," does not raise ",[15,103633,20088],{}," when the item is missing",[177,103636,103624,103637,2838,103641,103643],{},[210,103638,103639],{"href":98640},[15,103640,13391],{},[15,103642,103280],{}," removes a specific item",[177,103645,103646],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[244,103648,103650,11222,103652],{"id":103649},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103651,103280],{},[15,103653,55949],{},[38,103655,103657],{"className":40,"code":103656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103658,103659,103683,103687,103708,103718,103722,103743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103660,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103662,8425],{"class":53},[47,103664,58],{"class":57},[47,103666,1096],{"class":61},[47,103668,66],{"class":65},[47,103670,4720],{"class":69},[47,103672,66],{"class":65},[47,103674,75],{"class":61},[47,103676,78],{"class":65},[47,103678,4729],{"class":69},[47,103680,66],{"class":65},[47,103682,421],{"class":61},[47,103684,103685],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103686,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,103688,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,103690,8456],{"class":53},[47,103692,110],{"class":61},[47,103694,103347],{"class":113},[47,103696,117],{"class":61},[47,103698,66],{"class":65},[47,103700,33628],{"class":69},[47,103702,66],{"class":65},[47,103704,4313],{"class":61},[47,103706,103707],{"class":152},"   # no error\n",[47,103709,103710,103712,103714,103716],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,103711,139],{"class":138},[47,103713,117],{"class":61},[47,103715,8456],{"class":113},[47,103717,132],{"class":61},[47,103719,103720],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,103721,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,103723,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,103725,8456],{"class":53},[47,103727,110],{"class":61},[47,103729,35203],{"class":113},[47,103731,117],{"class":61},[47,103733,66],{"class":65},[47,103735,4729],{"class":69},[47,103737,66],{"class":65},[47,103739,4313],{"class":61},[47,103741,103742],{"class":152},"    # removes existing item\n",[47,103744,103745,103747,103749,103751],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,103746,139],{"class":138},[47,103748,117],{"class":61},[47,103750,8456],{"class":113},[47,103752,132],{"class":61},[20,103754,372],{},[38,103756,103758],{"className":40,"code":103757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103759,103760,103780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103761,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103763,382],{"class":61},[47,103765,385],{"class":65},[47,103767,4720],{"class":69},[47,103769,385],{"class":65},[47,103771,75],{"class":61},[47,103773,398],{"class":65},[47,103775,4729],{"class":69},[47,103777,385],{"class":65},[47,103779,421],{"class":61},[47,103781,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103783,382],{"class":61},[47,103785,385],{"class":65},[47,103787,4720],{"class":69},[47,103789,385],{"class":65},[47,103791,421],{"class":61},[20,103793,40757,103794,103796,103797,103799],{},[15,103795,55949],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[210,103798,11711],{"href":11710}," for more help with that case.",[33,103801,103803],{"id":103802},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103805,103806,3048,103808,110],{},[15,103807,103280],{},[15,103809,269],{},[20,103811,103812],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[38,103814,103816],{"className":40,"code":103815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103817,103818,103850,103872,103876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103819,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103821,332],{"class":53},[47,103823,58],{"class":57},[47,103825,1096],{"class":61},[47,103827,66],{"class":65},[47,103829,305],{"class":69},[47,103831,66],{"class":65},[47,103833,75],{"class":61},[47,103835,78],{"class":65},[47,103837,323],{"class":69},[47,103839,66],{"class":65},[47,103841,75],{"class":61},[47,103843,78],{"class":65},[47,103845,314],{"class":69},[47,103847,66],{"class":65},[47,103849,421],{"class":61},[47,103851,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103853,2879],{"class":53},[47,103855,58],{"class":57},[47,103857,13746],{"class":53},[47,103859,110],{"class":61},[47,103861,103347],{"class":113},[47,103863,117],{"class":61},[47,103865,66],{"class":65},[47,103867,323],{"class":69},[47,103869,66],{"class":65},[47,103871,132],{"class":61},[47,103873,103874],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,103875,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,103877,103878,103880,103882,103884],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,103879,139],{"class":138},[47,103881,117],{"class":61},[47,103883,2914],{"class":113},[47,103885,132],{"class":61},[20,103887,372],{},[38,103889,103890],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,103891,103892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103893,103894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103895,12438],{"class":559},[20,103897,103898,103899,172],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103900,367],{},[38,103902,103904],{"className":40,"code":103903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103905,103906,103938,103956,103960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103907,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103909,332],{"class":53},[47,103911,58],{"class":57},[47,103913,1096],{"class":61},[47,103915,66],{"class":65},[47,103917,305],{"class":69},[47,103919,66],{"class":65},[47,103921,75],{"class":61},[47,103923,78],{"class":65},[47,103925,323],{"class":69},[47,103927,66],{"class":65},[47,103929,75],{"class":61},[47,103931,78],{"class":65},[47,103933,314],{"class":69},[47,103935,66],{"class":65},[47,103937,421],{"class":61},[47,103939,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,103941,367],{"class":53},[47,103943,110],{"class":61},[47,103945,103347],{"class":113},[47,103947,117],{"class":61},[47,103949,66],{"class":65},[47,103951,323],{"class":69},[47,103953,66],{"class":65},[47,103955,132],{"class":61},[47,103957,103958],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,103959,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,103961,103962,103964,103966,103968],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,103963,139],{"class":138},[47,103965,117],{"class":61},[47,103967,367],{"class":113},[47,103969,132],{"class":61},[20,103971,372],{},[38,103973,103975],{"className":40,"code":103974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103976,103977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103978,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103980,382],{"class":61},[47,103982,385],{"class":65},[47,103984,305],{"class":69},[47,103986,385],{"class":65},[47,103988,75],{"class":61},[47,103990,398],{"class":65},[47,103992,314],{"class":69},[47,103994,385],{"class":65},[47,103996,421],{"class":61},[33,103998,12109],{"id":12108},[20,104000,104001],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[38,104003,104005],{"className":40,"code":104004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,104006,104007,104039,104043,104061,104065,104083,104087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104008,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104010,36650],{"class":53},[47,104012,58],{"class":57},[47,104014,1096],{"class":61},[47,104016,66],{"class":65},[47,104018,4720],{"class":69},[47,104020,66],{"class":65},[47,104022,75],{"class":61},[47,104024,78],{"class":65},[47,104026,4729],{"class":69},[47,104028,66],{"class":65},[47,104030,75],{"class":61},[47,104032,78],{"class":65},[47,104034,33628],{"class":69},[47,104036,66],{"class":65},[47,104038,421],{"class":61},[47,104040,104041],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104042,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,104044,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,104046,139],{"class":138},[47,104048,117],{"class":61},[47,104050,66],{"class":65},[47,104052,12195],{"class":69},[47,104054,66],{"class":65},[47,104056,75],{"class":61},[47,104058,53271],{"class":113},[47,104060,132],{"class":61},[47,104062,104063],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,104064,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,104066,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,104068,36702],{"class":53},[47,104070,110],{"class":61},[47,104072,103347],{"class":113},[47,104074,117],{"class":61},[47,104076,66],{"class":65},[47,104078,4729],{"class":69},[47,104080,66],{"class":65},[47,104082,132],{"class":61},[47,104084,104085],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,104086,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,104088,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,104090,139],{"class":138},[47,104092,117],{"class":61},[47,104094,66],{"class":65},[47,104096,12235],{"class":69},[47,104098,66],{"class":65},[47,104100,75],{"class":61},[47,104102,53271],{"class":113},[47,104104,132],{"class":61},[20,104106,372],{},[38,104108,104110],{"className":40,"code":104109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104111,104112,104144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104113,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104115,12255],{"class":53},[47,104117,172],{"class":61},[47,104119,1096],{"class":61},[47,104121,385],{"class":65},[47,104123,4729],{"class":69},[47,104125,385],{"class":65},[47,104127,75],{"class":61},[47,104129,398],{"class":65},[47,104131,4720],{"class":69},[47,104133,385],{"class":65},[47,104135,75],{"class":61},[47,104137,398],{"class":65},[47,104139,33628],{"class":69},[47,104141,385],{"class":65},[47,104143,421],{"class":61},[47,104145,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104147,12308],{"class":53},[47,104149,172],{"class":61},[47,104151,1096],{"class":61},[47,104153,385],{"class":65},[47,104155,4720],{"class":69},[47,104157,385],{"class":65},[47,104159,75],{"class":61},[47,104161,398],{"class":65},[47,104163,33628],{"class":69},[47,104165,385],{"class":65},[47,104167,421],{"class":61},[20,104169,104170],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[33,104172,104174],{"id":104173},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104176,104177,104178,104180],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104179,103280],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[38,104182,104184],{"className":40,"code":104183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104185,104186,104218,104222,104240,104244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104187,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104189,36650],{"class":53},[47,104191,58],{"class":57},[47,104193,1096],{"class":61},[47,104195,66],{"class":65},[47,104197,4720],{"class":69},[47,104199,66],{"class":65},[47,104201,75],{"class":61},[47,104203,78],{"class":65},[47,104205,4729],{"class":69},[47,104207,66],{"class":65},[47,104209,75],{"class":61},[47,104211,78],{"class":65},[47,104213,33628],{"class":69},[47,104215,66],{"class":65},[47,104217,421],{"class":61},[47,104219,104220],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104221,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,104223,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,104225,36702],{"class":53},[47,104227,110],{"class":61},[47,104229,103347],{"class":113},[47,104231,117],{"class":61},[47,104233,66],{"class":65},[47,104235,22935],{"class":69},[47,104237,66],{"class":65},[47,104239,132],{"class":61},[47,104241,104242],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,104243,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,104245,104246,104248,104250,104252],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,104247,139],{"class":138},[47,104249,117],{"class":61},[47,104251,36702],{"class":113},[47,104253,132],{"class":61},[20,104255,372],{},[38,104257,104259],{"className":40,"code":104258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104260,104261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104262,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285,104287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104264,382],{"class":61},[47,104266,385],{"class":65},[47,104268,4729],{"class":69},[47,104270,385],{"class":65},[47,104272,75],{"class":61},[47,104274,398],{"class":65},[47,104276,4720],{"class":69},[47,104278,385],{"class":65},[47,104280,75],{"class":61},[47,104282,398],{"class":65},[47,104284,33628],{"class":69},[47,104286,385],{"class":65},[47,104288,421],{"class":61},[20,104290,104291],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104293,104294],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[38,104296,104298],{"className":40,"code":104297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104299,104300,104316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104301,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104303,7642],{"class":1107},[47,104305,78],{"class":65},[47,104307,22935],{"class":69},[47,104309,66],{"class":65},[47,104311,21575],{"class":57},[47,104313,53271],{"class":53},[47,104315,7038],{"class":61},[47,104317,104318,104321,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104319,104320],{"class":53},"    fruits",[47,104322,110],{"class":61},[47,104324,35203],{"class":113},[47,104326,117],{"class":61},[47,104328,66],{"class":65},[47,104330,22935],{"class":69},[47,104332,66],{"class":65},[47,104334,132],{"class":61},[20,104336,104337,104338,104340],{},"With ",[15,104339,103280],{},", you can simply write:",[38,104342,104344],{"className":40,"code":104343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104345,104346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104347,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104349,36702],{"class":53},[47,104351,110],{"class":61},[47,104353,103347],{"class":113},[47,104355,117],{"class":61},[47,104357,66],{"class":65},[47,104359,22935],{"class":69},[47,104361,66],{"class":65},[47,104363,132],{"class":61},[33,104365,1216,104367],{"id":104366},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104368,103280],{},[20,104370,156,104371,11238],{},[15,104372,103280],{},[174,104374,104375,104378,104381],{},[177,104376,104377],{},"Missing values are normal",[177,104379,104380],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[177,104382,104383],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104385,104386],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[33,104388,1641],{"id":1640},[20,104390,9092,104391,110],{},[15,104392,103280],{},[244,104394,1968,104396,104398],{"id":104395},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104397,103280],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104400,5169],{},[38,104402,104404],{"className":40,"code":104403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104405,104406,104426,104444,104448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104407,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104409,4270],{"class":53},[47,104411,58],{"class":57},[47,104413,1096],{"class":61},[47,104415,917],{"class":349},[47,104417,75],{"class":61},[47,104419,2409],{"class":349},[47,104421,75],{"class":61},[47,104423,2414],{"class":349},[47,104425,421],{"class":61},[47,104427,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104429,4270],{"class":53},[47,104431,58],{"class":57},[47,104433,4905],{"class":53},[47,104435,110],{"class":61},[47,104437,103347],{"class":113},[47,104439,117],{"class":61},[47,104441,2705],{"class":349},[47,104443,132],{"class":61},[47,104445,104446],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,104447,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,104449,104450,104452,104454,104456],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,104451,139],{"class":138},[47,104453,117],{"class":61},[47,104455,4300],{"class":113},[47,104457,132],{"class":61},[20,104459,104460,42570,104462,9246,104464,3048,104466,110],{},[15,104461,4300],{},[15,104463,269],{},[15,104465,103280],{},[15,104467,269],{},[20,104469,1766],{},[38,104471,104473],{"className":40,"code":104472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104474,104475,104495,104509,104513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104476,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104478,4270],{"class":53},[47,104480,58],{"class":57},[47,104482,1096],{"class":61},[47,104484,917],{"class":349},[47,104486,75],{"class":61},[47,104488,2409],{"class":349},[47,104490,75],{"class":61},[47,104492,2414],{"class":349},[47,104494,421],{"class":61},[47,104496,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104498,4300],{"class":53},[47,104500,110],{"class":61},[47,104502,103347],{"class":113},[47,104504,117],{"class":61},[47,104506,2705],{"class":349},[47,104508,132],{"class":61},[47,104510,104511],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,104512,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,104514,104515,104517,104519,104521],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,104516,139],{"class":138},[47,104518,117],{"class":61},[47,104520,4300],{"class":113},[47,104522,132],{"class":61},[244,104524,37616,104526,9350,104528],{"id":104525},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104527,103280],{},[15,104529,55949],{},[20,104531,104532,104533,110],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104534,103280],{},[38,104536,104538],{"className":40,"code":104537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104539,104540,104572,104593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104541,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104543,36501],{"class":53},[47,104545,58],{"class":57},[47,104547,1096],{"class":61},[47,104549,66],{"class":65},[47,104551,210],{"class":69},[47,104553,66],{"class":65},[47,104555,75],{"class":61},[47,104557,78],{"class":65},[47,104559,854],{"class":69},[47,104561,66],{"class":65},[47,104563,75],{"class":61},[47,104565,78],{"class":65},[47,104567,863],{"class":69},[47,104569,66],{"class":65},[47,104571,421],{"class":61},[47,104573,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104575,36554],{"class":53},[47,104577,110],{"class":61},[47,104579,103347],{"class":113},[47,104581,117],{"class":61},[47,104583,66],{"class":65},[47,104585,22479],{"class":69},[47,104587,66],{"class":65},[47,104589,4313],{"class":61},[47,104591,104592],{"class":152},"   # safe\n",[47,104594,104595,104597,104599,104601],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,104596,139],{"class":138},[47,104598,117],{"class":61},[47,104600,36554],{"class":113},[47,104602,132],{"class":61},[20,104604,104605,104606,46325,104609,110],{},"If you use ",[15,104607,104608],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104610,20088],{},[244,104612,26020,104614,104616],{"id":104613},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104615,103280],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104618,104619,102633],{},[15,104620,103280],{},[20,104622,17253],{},[38,104624,104626],{"className":40,"code":104625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104627,104628,104648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104629,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104631,8425],{"class":53},[47,104633,58],{"class":57},[47,104635,62],{"class":61},[47,104637,917],{"class":349},[47,104639,75],{"class":61},[47,104641,2409],{"class":349},[47,104643,75],{"class":61},[47,104645,2414],{"class":349},[47,104647,95],{"class":61},[47,104649,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104651,8456],{"class":53},[47,104653,110],{"class":61},[47,104655,103347],{"class":113},[47,104657,117],{"class":61},[47,104659,2705],{"class":349},[47,104661,132],{"class":61},[20,104663,104664,104665,172],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104666,103280],{},[38,104668,104670],{"className":40,"code":104669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104671,104672,104692,104706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104673,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688,104690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104675,8425],{"class":53},[47,104677,58],{"class":57},[47,104679,1096],{"class":61},[47,104681,917],{"class":349},[47,104683,75],{"class":61},[47,104685,2409],{"class":349},[47,104687,75],{"class":61},[47,104689,2414],{"class":349},[47,104691,421],{"class":61},[47,104693,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104695,8456],{"class":53},[47,104697,110],{"class":61},[47,104699,103347],{"class":113},[47,104701,117],{"class":61},[47,104703,2705],{"class":349},[47,104705,132],{"class":61},[47,104707,104708,104710,104712,104714],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,104709,139],{"class":138},[47,104711,117],{"class":61},[47,104713,8456],{"class":113},[47,104715,132],{"class":61},[244,104717,104719],{"id":104718},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104721,104722],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104724,3488],{},[38,104726,104728],{"className":40,"code":104727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104729,104730,104750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104731,104732,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744,104746,104748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104733,872],{"class":53},[47,104735,58],{"class":57},[47,104737,1096],{"class":61},[47,104739,917],{"class":349},[47,104741,75],{"class":61},[47,104743,2409],{"class":349},[47,104745,75],{"class":61},[47,104747,2414],{"class":349},[47,104749,421],{"class":61},[47,104751,104752,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104753,898],{"class":53},[47,104755,110],{"class":61},[47,104757,103347],{"class":113},[47,104759,1258],{"class":61},[47,104761,2705],{"class":349},[47,104763,2166],{"class":61},[20,104765,104766],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[33,104768,9517],{"id":9516},[20,104770,9520,104771,104773],{},[15,104772,103280],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,104775,104777],{"className":40,"code":104776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104778,104779,104789,104803,104817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104780,104781,104783,104785,104787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104782,139],{"class":138},[47,104784,117],{"class":61},[47,104786,16276],{"class":113},[47,104788,132],{"class":61},[47,104790,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,104792,139],{"class":138},[47,104794,117],{"class":61},[47,104796,2392],{"class":106},[47,104798,117],{"class":61},[47,104800,16276],{"class":113},[47,104802,2266],{"class":61},[47,104804,104805,104807,104809,104811,104813,104815],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,104806,139],{"class":138},[47,104808,117],{"class":61},[47,104810,3098],{"class":113},[47,104812,1114],{"class":1107},[47,104814,97350],{"class":113},[47,104816,132],{"class":61},[47,104818,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,104820,32559],{"class":138},[47,104822,117],{"class":61},[47,104824,6931],{"class":106},[47,104826,110],{"class":61},[47,104828,103347],{"class":25153},[47,104830,132],{"class":61},[20,104832,11807],{},[174,104834,104835,104838,104841,104844],{},[177,104836,104837],{},"What is currently in the set",[177,104839,104840],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[177,104842,104843],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[177,104845,104846],{},"How Python documents the method",[33,104848,2429],{"id":2428},[244,104850,104852],{"id":104851},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104854,104855,104856,104858],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104857,103280],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[244,104860,5785,104862,13344],{"id":104861},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104863,103285],{},[20,104865,5791,104866,104868],{},[15,104867,269],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[244,104870,5823,104872,5036,104874,3143],{"id":104871},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104873,103280],{},[15,104875,55949],{},[20,104877,104878,104879,26942,104881,104883,104884,104886],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104880,55949],{},[15,104882,20088],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104885,103280],{}," does not.",[244,104888,28733,104890,104892],{"id":104889},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104891,103280],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104894,46782,104895,104897],{},[15,104896,103280],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[33,104899,2526],{"id":2525},[174,104901,104902,104908,104914,104919,104923],{},[177,104903,104904],{},[210,104905,97240,104906,1637],{"href":98635},[15,104907,55949],{},[177,104909,104910],{},[210,104911,97240,104912,1637],{"href":98640},[15,104913,13391],{},[177,104915,104916],{},[210,104917,104918],{"href":98309},"Python set: creating a set",[177,104920,104921],{},[210,104922,100775],{"href":99217},[177,104924,104925],{},[210,104926,11897],{"href":11710},[2563,104928,104929],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":104931},[104932,104933,104935,104938,104943,104944,104945,104946,104948,104957,104958,104967],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":103457,"depth":98,"text":104934},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":104936},[104937],{"id":103530,"depth":135,"text":103531},{"id":103610,"depth":98,"text":104939,"children":104940},"What makes discard() different",[104941],{"id":103649,"depth":135,"text":104942},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103802,"depth":98,"text":103803},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":104173,"depth":98,"text":104174},{"id":104366,"depth":98,"text":104947},"When to use discard()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":104949},[104950,104952,104954,104956],{"id":104395,"depth":135,"text":104951},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104525,"depth":135,"text":104953},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104613,"depth":135,"text":104955},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104718,"depth":135,"text":104719},{"id":9516,"depth":98,"text":9517},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":104959},[104960,104961,104963,104965],{"id":104851,"depth":135,"text":104852},{"id":104861,"depth":135,"text":104962},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104871,"depth":135,"text":104964},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104889,"depth":135,"text":104966},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103272,"description":104968},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104975,"title":104976,"body":104977,"description":106983,"extension":2611,"meta":106984,"navigation":357,"path":106985,"seo":106986,"stem":106987,"__hash__":106988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104978,"toc":106941},[104979,104982,104990,104995,105006,105008,105063,105067,105087,105092,105096,105101,105103,105117,105119,105194,105196,105229,105234,105239,105241,105243,105258,105261,105269,105274,105289,105291,105380,105382,105471,105477,105481,105483,105521,105523,105547,105550,105565,105567,105622,105624,105657,105659,105664,105668,105672,105677,105742,105744,105764,105770,105774,105831,105833,105854,105858,105863,105908,105910,105943,105946,105950,105983,105985,106014,106018,106022,106025,106027,106046,106048,106094,106099,106113,106115,106146,106151,106154,106198,106200,106228,106232,106236,106252,106255,106320,106322,106334,106337,106341,106344,106349,106377,106379,106397,106403,106442,106444,106462,106468,106497,106499,106517,106520,106537,106539,106544,106548,106551,106577,106584,106589,106604,106613,106617,106620,106651,106657,106660,106669,106672,106674,106676,106734,106737,106762,106764,106768,106771,106775,106783,106787,106790,106794,106797,106799,106822,106824,106865,106872,106880,106883,106914,106916,106938],[10,104980,104976],{"id":104981},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104983,9768,104984,104986,104987,110],{},[15,104985,817],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[278,104988,104989],{},"unique values only",[20,104991,35815,104992,104994],{},[15,104993,817],{}," to:",[174,104996,104997,105000,105003],{},[177,104998,104999],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[177,105001,105002],{},"check whether a value exists",[177,105004,105005],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[33,105007,36],{"id":35},[38,105009,105011],{"className":40,"code":105010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,105012,105013,105037,105052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105014,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105016,4270],{"class":53},[47,105018,58],{"class":57},[47,105020,62],{"class":61},[47,105022,917],{"class":349},[47,105024,75],{"class":61},[47,105026,2409],{"class":349},[47,105028,75],{"class":61},[47,105030,2409],{"class":349},[47,105032,75],{"class":61},[47,105034,2414],{"class":349},[47,105036,95],{"class":61},[47,105038,105039,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105040,105041],{"class":53},"unique_numbers ",[47,105043,58],{"class":57},[47,105045,16243],{"class":106},[47,105047,117],{"class":61},[47,105049,4300],{"class":113},[47,105051,132],{"class":61},[47,105053,105054,105056,105058,105061],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105055,139],{"class":138},[47,105057,117],{"class":61},[47,105059,105060],{"class":113},"unique_numbers",[47,105062,132],{"class":61},[20,105064,105065],{},[278,105066,372],{},[38,105068,105069],{"className":40,"code":97033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105070,105071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105072,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105074,382],{"class":61},[47,105076,917],{"class":349},[47,105078,75],{"class":61},[47,105080,2409],{"class":349},[47,105082,75],{"class":61},[47,105084,2414],{"class":349},[47,105086,421],{"class":61},[20,105088,156,105089,105091],{},[15,105090,817],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[33,105093,105095],{"id":105094},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,105097,105098,105100],{},[15,105099,817],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,105102,30946],{},[174,105104,105105,105108,105111,105114],{},[177,105106,105107],{},"A set stores unique items only",[177,105109,105110],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[177,105112,105113],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[177,105115,105116],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,105118,603],{},[38,105120,105122],{"className":40,"code":105121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105123,105124,105164,105179,105183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105125,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105127,332],{"class":53},[47,105129,58],{"class":57},[47,105131,62],{"class":61},[47,105133,66],{"class":65},[47,105135,305],{"class":69},[47,105137,66],{"class":65},[47,105139,75],{"class":61},[47,105141,78],{"class":65},[47,105143,323],{"class":69},[47,105145,66],{"class":65},[47,105147,75],{"class":61},[47,105149,78],{"class":65},[47,105151,305],{"class":69},[47,105153,66],{"class":65},[47,105155,75],{"class":61},[47,105157,78],{"class":65},[47,105159,314],{"class":69},[47,105161,66],{"class":65},[47,105163,95],{"class":61},[47,105165,105166,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105167,105168],{"class":53},"unique_colors ",[47,105170,58],{"class":57},[47,105172,16243],{"class":106},[47,105174,117],{"class":61},[47,105176,367],{"class":113},[47,105178,132],{"class":61},[47,105180,105181],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105182,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,105184,105185,105187,105189,105192],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,105186,139],{"class":138},[47,105188,117],{"class":61},[47,105190,105191],{"class":113},"unique_colors",[47,105193,132],{"class":61},[20,105195,30435],{},[38,105197,105199],{"className":40,"code":105198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105200,105201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105202,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105204,382],{"class":61},[47,105206,385],{"class":65},[47,105208,323],{"class":69},[47,105210,385],{"class":65},[47,105212,75],{"class":61},[47,105214,398],{"class":65},[47,105216,314],{"class":69},[47,105218,385],{"class":65},[47,105220,75],{"class":61},[47,105222,398],{"class":65},[47,105224,305],{"class":69},[47,105226,385],{"class":65},[47,105228,421],{"class":61},[20,105230,2936,105231,105233],{},[15,105232,65815],{}," appears only once.",[20,105235,105236,105237,110],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[210,105238,96754],{"href":96753},[33,105240,2806],{"id":2805},[20,105242,2809],{},[38,105244,105246],{"className":40,"code":105245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105247,105248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105249,105250,105252,105254,105256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105251,6931],{"class":106},[47,105253,117],{"class":61},[47,105255,235],{"class":113},[47,105257,132],{"class":61},[20,105259,105260],{},"The argument is optional.",[174,105262,105263,105266],{},[177,105264,105265],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[177,105267,105268],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105270,105271,105272,172],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105273,817],{},[174,105275,105276,105278,105280,105282,105286],{},[177,105277,1892],{},[177,105279,49371],{},[177,105281,61596],{},[177,105283,105284],{},[15,105285,36609],{},[177,105287,105288],{},"another set",[20,105290,1237],{},[38,105292,105294],{"className":40,"code":105293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105295,105296,105322,105344,105362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105297,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105299,139],{"class":138},[47,105301,117],{"class":61},[47,105303,6931],{"class":106},[47,105305,1258],{"class":61},[47,105307,917],{"class":349},[47,105309,75],{"class":61},[47,105311,2409],{"class":349},[47,105313,75],{"class":61},[47,105315,2409],{"class":349},[47,105317,75],{"class":61},[47,105319,2414],{"class":349},[47,105321,3649],{"class":61},[47,105323,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105325,139],{"class":138},[47,105327,117],{"class":61},[47,105329,6931],{"class":106},[47,105331,6155],{"class":61},[47,105333,2981],{"class":349},[47,105335,75],{"class":61},[47,105337,8436],{"class":349},[47,105339,75],{"class":61},[47,105341,6648],{"class":349},[47,105343,2425],{"class":61},[47,105345,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105347,139],{"class":138},[47,105349,117],{"class":61},[47,105351,6931],{"class":106},[47,105353,117],{"class":61},[47,105355,66],{"class":65},[47,105357,4492],{"class":69},[47,105359,66],{"class":65},[47,105361,2266],{"class":61},[47,105363,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,105365,139],{"class":138},[47,105367,117],{"class":61},[47,105369,6931],{"class":106},[47,105371,117],{"class":61},[47,105373,60420],{"class":138},[47,105375,117],{"class":61},[47,105377,3156],{"class":349},[47,105379,2425],{"class":61},[20,105381,30435],{},[38,105383,105385],{"className":40,"code":105384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105386,105387,105403,105415,105451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105388,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397,105399,105401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105390,382],{"class":61},[47,105392,917],{"class":349},[47,105394,75],{"class":61},[47,105396,2409],{"class":349},[47,105398,75],{"class":61},[47,105400,2414],{"class":349},[47,105402,421],{"class":61},[47,105404,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105406,382],{"class":61},[47,105408,2981],{"class":349},[47,105410,75],{"class":61},[47,105412,8436],{"class":349},[47,105414,421],{"class":61},[47,105416,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105418,382],{"class":61},[47,105420,385],{"class":65},[47,105422,60860],{"class":69},[47,105424,385],{"class":65},[47,105426,75],{"class":61},[47,105428,398],{"class":65},[47,105430,60869],{"class":69},[47,105432,385],{"class":65},[47,105434,75],{"class":61},[47,105436,398],{"class":65},[47,105438,60878],{"class":69},[47,105440,385],{"class":65},[47,105442,75],{"class":61},[47,105444,398],{"class":65},[47,105446,60895],{"class":69},[47,105448,385],{"class":65},[47,105450,421],{"class":61},[47,105452,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,105454,382],{"class":61},[47,105456,436],{"class":349},[47,105458,75],{"class":61},[47,105460,2002],{"class":349},[47,105462,75],{"class":61},[47,105464,2409],{"class":349},[47,105466,75],{"class":61},[47,105468,2414],{"class":349},[47,105470,421],{"class":61},[20,105472,105473,105474,110],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[210,105475,105476],{"href":65270},"Python list() function explained",[33,105478,105480],{"id":105479},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105482,98706],{},[38,105484,105485],{"className":40,"code":99671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105486,105487,105497,105507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105488,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105490,98716],{"class":53},[47,105492,58],{"class":57},[47,105494,16243],{"class":106},[47,105496,9288],{"class":61},[47,105498,105499,105501,105503,105505],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105500,139],{"class":138},[47,105502,117],{"class":61},[47,105504,98735],{"class":113},[47,105506,132],{"class":61},[47,105508,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105510,139],{"class":138},[47,105512,117],{"class":61},[47,105514,2392],{"class":106},[47,105516,117],{"class":61},[47,105518,98735],{"class":113},[47,105520,2266],{"class":61},[20,105522,372],{},[38,105524,105525],{"className":40,"code":99714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105526,105527,105533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105528,105529,105531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105530,6931],{"class":106},[47,105532,9288],{"class":61},[47,105534,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105536,3941],{"class":57},[47,105538,3944],{"class":2714},[47,105540,398],{"class":65},[47,105542,6931],{"class":69},[47,105544,385],{"class":65},[47,105546,3953],{"class":57},[20,105548,105549],{},"This is important because:",[174,105551,105552,105557],{},[177,105553,105554,105556],{},[15,105555,817],{}," creates an empty set",[177,105558,105559,105561,105562,105564],{},[15,105560,811],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[278,105563,1369],{}," a set",[20,105566,603],{},[38,105568,105570],{"className":40,"code":105569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105571,105572,105582,105590,105594,105608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105575,3206],{"class":53},[47,105577,58],{"class":57},[47,105579,16243],{"class":106},[47,105581,9288],{"class":61},[47,105583,105584,105586,105588],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105585,3234],{"class":53},[47,105587,58],{"class":57},[47,105589,10476],{"class":61},[47,105591,105592],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105593,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,105595,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,105597,139],{"class":138},[47,105599,117],{"class":61},[47,105601,2392],{"class":106},[47,105603,117],{"class":61},[47,105605,210],{"class":113},[47,105607,2266],{"class":61},[47,105609,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,105611,139],{"class":138},[47,105613,117],{"class":61},[47,105615,2392],{"class":106},[47,105617,117],{"class":61},[47,105619,854],{"class":113},[47,105621,2266],{"class":61},[20,105623,372],{},[38,105625,105627],{"className":40,"code":105626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105628,105629,105643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105630,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105632,3941],{"class":57},[47,105634,3944],{"class":2714},[47,105636,398],{"class":65},[47,105638,6931],{"class":69},[47,105640,385],{"class":65},[47,105642,3953],{"class":57},[47,105644,105645,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105646,3941],{"class":57},[47,105648,3944],{"class":2714},[47,105650,398],{"class":65},[47,105652,198],{"class":69},[47,105654,385],{"class":65},[47,105656,3953],{"class":57},[20,105658,14663],{},[20,105660,105661,105662,110],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[210,105663,104918],{"href":96757},[33,105665,105667],{"id":105666},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[244,105669,105671],{"id":105670},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105673,105674,105675,110],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105676,817],{},[38,105678,105680],{"className":40,"code":105679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105681,105682,105714,105728,105732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105683,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105685,4270],{"class":53},[47,105687,58],{"class":57},[47,105689,62],{"class":61},[47,105691,917],{"class":349},[47,105693,75],{"class":61},[47,105695,2409],{"class":349},[47,105697,75],{"class":61},[47,105699,2409],{"class":349},[47,105701,75],{"class":61},[47,105703,2414],{"class":349},[47,105705,75],{"class":61},[47,105707,2414],{"class":349},[47,105709,75],{"class":61},[47,105711,2414],{"class":349},[47,105713,95],{"class":61},[47,105715,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105717,2879],{"class":53},[47,105719,58],{"class":57},[47,105721,16243],{"class":106},[47,105723,117],{"class":61},[47,105725,4300],{"class":113},[47,105727,132],{"class":61},[47,105729,105730],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105731,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,105733,105734,105736,105738,105740],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,105735,139],{"class":138},[47,105737,117],{"class":61},[47,105739,2914],{"class":113},[47,105741,132],{"class":61},[20,105743,372],{},[38,105745,105746],{"className":40,"code":97033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105747,105748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105749,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760,105762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105751,382],{"class":61},[47,105753,917],{"class":349},[47,105755,75],{"class":61},[47,105757,2409],{"class":349},[47,105759,75],{"class":61},[47,105761,2414],{"class":349},[47,105763,421],{"class":61},[20,105765,105766,105767,110],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[210,105768,99504],{"href":105769},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[244,105771,105773],{"id":105772},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[38,105775,105777],{"className":40,"code":105776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105778,105779,105803,105817,105821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105780,105781,105783,105785,105787,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105782,4470],{"class":53},[47,105784,58],{"class":57},[47,105786,9878],{"class":61},[47,105788,2784],{"class":349},[47,105790,75],{"class":61},[47,105792,5249],{"class":349},[47,105794,75],{"class":61},[47,105796,6648],{"class":349},[47,105798,75],{"class":61},[47,105800,38349],{"class":349},[47,105802,132],{"class":61},[47,105804,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105806,2879],{"class":53},[47,105808,58],{"class":57},[47,105810,16243],{"class":106},[47,105812,117],{"class":61},[47,105814,6003],{"class":113},[47,105816,132],{"class":61},[47,105818,105819],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105820,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,105822,105823,105825,105827,105829],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,105824,139],{"class":138},[47,105826,117],{"class":61},[47,105828,2914],{"class":113},[47,105830,132],{"class":61},[20,105832,372],{},[38,105834,105836],{"className":40,"code":105835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105837,105838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105839,105840,105842,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105841,382],{"class":61},[47,105843,2784],{"class":349},[47,105845,75],{"class":61},[47,105847,6648],{"class":349},[47,105849,75],{"class":61},[47,105851,38349],{"class":349},[47,105853,421],{"class":61},[244,105855,105857],{"id":105856},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105859,51546,105860,105862],{},[15,105861,817],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[38,105864,105866],{"className":40,"code":105865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105867,105868,105880,105894,105898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105869,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105871,35096],{"class":53},[47,105873,58],{"class":57},[47,105875,78],{"class":65},[47,105877,4729],{"class":69},[47,105879,689],{"class":65},[47,105881,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105883,2879],{"class":53},[47,105885,58],{"class":57},[47,105887,16243],{"class":106},[47,105889,117],{"class":61},[47,105891,35117],{"class":113},[47,105893,132],{"class":61},[47,105895,105896],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,105897,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,105899,105900,105902,105904,105906],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,105901,139],{"class":138},[47,105903,117],{"class":61},[47,105905,2914],{"class":113},[47,105907,132],{"class":61},[20,105909,30435],{},[38,105911,105913],{"className":40,"code":105912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105914,105915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105916,105917,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105918,382],{"class":61},[47,105920,385],{"class":65},[47,105922,854],{"class":69},[47,105924,385],{"class":65},[47,105926,75],{"class":61},[47,105928,398],{"class":65},[47,105930,210],{"class":69},[47,105932,385],{"class":65},[47,105934,75],{"class":61},[47,105936,398],{"class":65},[47,105938,76453],{"class":69},[47,105940,385],{"class":65},[47,105942,421],{"class":61},[20,105944,105945],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[244,105947,105949],{"id":105948},"from-range","From range()",[38,105951,105953],{"className":40,"code":105952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105954,105955,105973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105956,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965,105967,105969,105971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105958,2879],{"class":53},[47,105960,58],{"class":57},[47,105962,16243],{"class":106},[47,105964,117],{"class":61},[47,105966,60420],{"class":138},[47,105968,117],{"class":61},[47,105970,2784],{"class":349},[47,105972,2266],{"class":61},[47,105974,105975,105977,105979,105981],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,105976,139],{"class":138},[47,105978,117],{"class":61},[47,105980,2914],{"class":113},[47,105982,132],{"class":61},[20,105984,372],{},[38,105986,105988],{"className":40,"code":105987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105989,105990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105991,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006,106008,106010,106012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105993,382],{"class":61},[47,105995,436],{"class":349},[47,105997,75],{"class":61},[47,105999,2002],{"class":349},[47,106001,75],{"class":61},[47,106003,2409],{"class":349},[47,106005,75],{"class":61},[47,106007,2414],{"class":349},[47,106009,75],{"class":61},[47,106011,3108],{"class":349},[47,106013,421],{"class":61},[33,106015,106017],{"id":106016},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,106019,99951,106020,110],{},[278,106021,96797],{},[20,106023,106024],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,106026,99957],{},[174,106028,106029,106033,106037,106041],{},[177,106030,106031],{},[15,106032,2837],{},[177,106034,106035],{},[15,106036,4093],{},[177,106038,106039],{},[15,106040,2841],{},[177,106042,106043,106045],{},[15,106044,49371],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,106047,603],{},[38,106049,106051],{"className":40,"code":106050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,106052,106053,106084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106054,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075,106077,106079,106081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106056,8425],{"class":53},[47,106058,58],{"class":57},[47,106060,1096],{"class":61},[47,106062,917],{"class":349},[47,106064,75],{"class":61},[47,106066,78],{"class":65},[47,106068,4492],{"class":69},[47,106070,66],{"class":65},[47,106072,75],{"class":61},[47,106074,9878],{"class":61},[47,106076,2981],{"class":349},[47,106078,75],{"class":61},[47,106080,8436],{"class":349},[47,106082,106083],{"class":61},")}\n",[47,106085,106086,106088,106090,106092],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106087,139],{"class":138},[47,106089,117],{"class":61},[47,106091,8456],{"class":113},[47,106093,132],{"class":61},[20,106095,100019,106096,106098],{},[278,106097,1369],{}," work inside a set:",[174,106100,106101,106105,106109],{},[177,106102,106103],{},[15,106104,1892],{},[177,106106,106107],{},[15,106108,198],{},[177,106110,106111],{},[15,106112,6931],{},[20,106114,97522],{},[38,106116,106118],{"className":40,"code":106117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106119,106120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106121,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106123,100038],{"class":53},[47,106125,58],{"class":57},[47,106127,100043],{"class":61},[47,106129,917],{"class":349},[47,106131,75],{"class":61},[47,106133,2409],{"class":349},[47,106135,959],{"class":61},[47,106137,62],{"class":61},[47,106139,2711],{"class":349},[47,106141,75],{"class":61},[47,106143,3108],{"class":349},[47,106145,988],{"class":61},[20,106147,77281,106148,106150],{},[15,106149,3655],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106152,106153],{},"A safer example:",[38,106155,106157],{"className":40,"code":106156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106158,106159,106187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106160,106161,106164,106166,106169,106171,106173,106175,106177,106179,106181,106183,106185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106162,106163],{"class":53},"good_set ",[47,106165,58],{"class":57},[47,106167,106168],{"class":61}," {(",[47,106170,917],{"class":349},[47,106172,75],{"class":61},[47,106174,2409],{"class":349},[47,106176,9875],{"class":61},[47,106178,9878],{"class":61},[47,106180,2711],{"class":349},[47,106182,75],{"class":61},[47,106184,3108],{"class":349},[47,106186,106083],{"class":61},[47,106188,106189,106191,106193,106196],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106190,139],{"class":138},[47,106192,117],{"class":61},[47,106194,106195],{"class":113},"good_set",[47,106197,132],{"class":61},[20,106199,372],{},[38,106201,106203],{"className":40,"code":106202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106204,106205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106206,106207,106210,106212,106214,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106208,106209],{"class":61},"{(",[47,106211,917],{"class":349},[47,106213,75],{"class":61},[47,106215,2409],{"class":349},[47,106217,9875],{"class":61},[47,106219,9878],{"class":61},[47,106221,2711],{"class":349},[47,106223,75],{"class":61},[47,106225,3108],{"class":349},[47,106227,106083],{"class":61},[33,106229,106231],{"id":106230},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106233,156,106234,11238],{},[15,106235,817],{},[174,106237,106238,106241,106246,106249],{},[177,106239,106240],{},"you need unique values only",[177,106242,106243,106244],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106245,1114],{},[177,106247,106248],{},"order does not matter",[177,106250,106251],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106253,106254],{},"Example of membership checking:",[38,106256,106258],{"className":40,"code":106257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106259,106260,106285,106289,106305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106261,106262,106265,106267,106269,106271,106273,106275,106278,106280,106283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106263,106264],{"class":53},"allowed_ids ",[47,106266,58],{"class":57},[47,106268,16243],{"class":106},[47,106270,1258],{"class":61},[47,106272,47009],{"class":349},[47,106274,75],{"class":61},[47,106276,106277],{"class":349}," 102",[47,106279,75],{"class":61},[47,106281,106282],{"class":349}," 103",[47,106284,2166],{"class":61},[47,106286,106287],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106288,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,106290,106291,106293,106295,106298,106300,106303],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,106292,139],{"class":138},[47,106294,117],{"class":61},[47,106296,106297],{"class":349},"102",[47,106299,21575],{"class":1107},[47,106301,106302],{"class":113}," allowed_ids",[47,106304,132],{"class":61},[47,106306,106307,106309,106311,106314,106316,106318],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,106308,139],{"class":138},[47,106310,117],{"class":61},[47,106312,106313],{"class":349},"999",[47,106315,21575],{"class":1107},[47,106317,106302],{"class":113},[47,106319,132],{"class":61},[20,106321,372],{},[38,106323,106324],{"className":40,"code":44590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106325,106326,106330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106327,106328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106329,4620],{"class":559},[47,106331,106332],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106333,4681],{"class":559},[20,106335,106336],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[33,106338,106340],{"id":106339},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106342,106343],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[244,106345,156,106347,98648],{"id":106346},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106348,817],{},[38,106350,106351],{"className":40,"code":98709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106352,106353,106363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106354,106355,106357,106359,106361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106356,98716],{"class":53},[47,106358,58],{"class":57},[47,106360,16243],{"class":106},[47,106362,9288],{"class":61},[47,106364,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106366,139],{"class":138},[47,106368,117],{"class":61},[47,106370,2392],{"class":106},[47,106372,117],{"class":61},[47,106374,98735],{"class":113},[47,106376,2266],{"class":61},[20,106378,372],{},[38,106380,106381],{"className":40,"code":9497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106382,106383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106384,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106386,3941],{"class":57},[47,106388,3944],{"class":2714},[47,106390,398],{"class":65},[47,106392,6931],{"class":69},[47,106394,385],{"class":65},[47,106396,3953],{"class":57},[244,106398,156,106400,106402],{"id":106399},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106401,100708],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[38,106404,106406],{"className":40,"code":106405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106407,106408,106428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106409,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106411,4270],{"class":53},[47,106413,58],{"class":57},[47,106415,1096],{"class":61},[47,106417,917],{"class":349},[47,106419,75],{"class":61},[47,106421,2409],{"class":349},[47,106423,75],{"class":61},[47,106425,2414],{"class":349},[47,106427,421],{"class":61},[47,106429,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438,106440],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106431,139],{"class":138},[47,106433,117],{"class":61},[47,106435,2392],{"class":106},[47,106437,117],{"class":61},[47,106439,4300],{"class":113},[47,106441,2266],{"class":61},[20,106443,372],{},[38,106445,106446],{"className":40,"code":9497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106447,106448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106449,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106451,3941],{"class":57},[47,106453,3944],{"class":2714},[47,106455,398],{"class":65},[47,106457,6931],{"class":69},[47,106459,385],{"class":65},[47,106461,3953],{"class":57},[244,106463,156,106465,106467],{"id":106464},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106466,811],{}," for an empty dictionary",[38,106469,106471],{"className":40,"code":106470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106472,106473,106482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106474,106475,106478,106480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106476,106477],{"class":53},"empty_dict ",[47,106479,58],{"class":57},[47,106481,10476],{"class":61},[47,106483,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106495],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106485,139],{"class":138},[47,106487,117],{"class":61},[47,106489,2392],{"class":106},[47,106491,117],{"class":61},[47,106493,106494],{"class":113},"empty_dict",[47,106496,2266],{"class":61},[20,106498,372],{},[38,106500,106501],{"className":40,"code":9454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106502,106503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106504,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106506,3941],{"class":57},[47,106508,3944],{"class":2714},[47,106510,398],{"class":65},[47,106512,198],{"class":69},[47,106514,385],{"class":65},[47,106516,3953],{"class":57},[20,106518,106519],{},"So the rule is simple:",[174,106521,106522,106527,106532],{},[177,106523,106524,106526],{},[15,106525,817],{}," → empty set",[177,106528,106529,106531],{},[15,106530,100708],{}," → non-empty set",[177,106533,106534,106536],{},[15,106535,811],{}," → empty dictionary",[33,106538,1641],{"id":1640},[20,106540,106541,106542,110],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106543,817],{},[244,106545,453,106546,100306],{"id":100303},[15,106547,811],{},[20,106549,106550],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[38,106552,106553],{"className":40,"code":100312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106554,106555,106563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106556,106557,106559,106561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106558,3098],{"class":53},[47,106560,58],{"class":57},[47,106562,10476],{"class":61},[47,106564,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106566,139],{"class":138},[47,106568,117],{"class":61},[47,106570,2392],{"class":106},[47,106572,117],{"class":61},[47,106574,259],{"class":113},[47,106576,2266],{"class":61},[244,106578,106580,106581],{"id":106579},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106582,106583],{},"set(5)",[20,106585,106586,106588],{},[15,106587,817],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[38,106590,106592],{"className":40,"code":106591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(5)\n",[15,106593,106594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106595,106596,106598,106600,106602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106597,6931],{"class":106},[47,106599,117],{"class":61},[47,106601,2784],{"class":349},[47,106603,132],{"class":61},[20,106605,3652,106606,106608,106609,110],{},[15,106607,3655],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[210,106610,106612],{"href":106611},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[244,106614,106616],{"id":106615},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106618,106619],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,106621,106623],{"className":40,"code":106622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106624,106625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106626,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641,106643,106645,106647,106649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106628,3098],{"class":53},[47,106630,58],{"class":57},[47,106632,100043],{"class":61},[47,106634,917],{"class":349},[47,106636,75],{"class":61},[47,106638,2409],{"class":349},[47,106640,959],{"class":61},[47,106642,62],{"class":61},[47,106644,2711],{"class":349},[47,106646,75],{"class":61},[47,106648,3108],{"class":349},[47,106650,988],{"class":61},[244,106652,1968,106654,106656],{"id":106653},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106655,817],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106658,106659],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[244,106661,37616,106663,9350,106665,3530,106667],{"id":106662},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106664,817],{},[15,106666,25184],{},[15,106668,9765],{},[20,106670,106671],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[33,106673,61132],{"id":61131},[20,106675,11749],{},[38,106677,106679],{"className":40,"code":106678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106680,106681,106696,106706,106720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106682,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106684,139],{"class":138},[47,106686,117],{"class":61},[47,106688,2392],{"class":106},[47,106690,117],{"class":61},[47,106692,106693],{"class":113},"my_value",[47,106695,2266],{"class":61},[47,106697,106698,106700,106702,106704],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,106699,139],{"class":138},[47,106701,117],{"class":61},[47,106703,106693],{"class":113},[47,106705,132],{"class":61},[47,106707,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,106709,139],{"class":138},[47,106711,117],{"class":61},[47,106713,1892],{"class":106},[47,106715,117],{"class":61},[47,106717,16276],{"class":113},[47,106719,2266],{"class":61},[47,106721,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,106723,139],{"class":138},[47,106725,117],{"class":61},[47,106727,11798],{"class":138},[47,106729,117],{"class":61},[47,106731,16276],{"class":113},[47,106733,2266],{"class":61},[20,106735,106736],{},"What they help you see:",[174,106738,106739,106745,106750,106756],{},[177,106740,106741,106744],{},[15,106742,106743],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[177,106746,106747,90972],{},[15,106748,106749],{},"print(my_value)",[177,106751,106752,106755],{},[15,106753,106754],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[177,106757,106758,106761],{},[15,106759,106760],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[33,106763,2429],{"id":2428},[244,106765,106767],{"id":106766},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106769,106770],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[244,106772,106774],{"id":106773},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106776,156,106777,106779,106780,106782],{},[15,106778,817],{},". Do not use ",[15,106781,811],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[244,106784,106786],{"id":106785},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106788,106789],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[244,106791,106793],{"id":106792},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106795,106796],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106798,603],{},[38,106800,106802],{"className":40,"code":106801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106803,106804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106805,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106807,139],{"class":138},[47,106809,117],{"class":61},[47,106811,6931],{"class":106},[47,106813,117],{"class":61},[47,106815,66],{"class":65},[47,106817,4720],{"class":69},[47,106819,66],{"class":65},[47,106821,2266],{"class":61},[20,106823,30435],{},[38,106825,106827],{"className":40,"code":106826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106828,106829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106830,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106832,382],{"class":61},[47,106834,385],{"class":65},[47,106836,210],{"class":69},[47,106838,385],{"class":65},[47,106840,75],{"class":61},[47,106842,398],{"class":65},[47,106844,20],{"class":69},[47,106846,385],{"class":65},[47,106848,75],{"class":61},[47,106850,398],{"class":65},[47,106852,60878],{"class":69},[47,106854,385],{"class":65},[47,106856,75],{"class":61},[47,106858,398],{"class":65},[47,106860,60869],{"class":69},[47,106862,385],{"class":65},[47,106864,421],{"class":61},[244,106866,5801,106868,106871],{"id":106867},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106869,106870],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106873,106874,29090,106876,106879],{},[15,106875,817],{},[278,106877,106878],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106881,106882],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[38,106884,106886],{"className":40,"code":106885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106887,106888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106889,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106891,139],{"class":138},[47,106893,117],{"class":61},[47,106895,6931],{"class":106},[47,106897,1258],{"class":61},[47,106899,917],{"class":349},[47,106901,75],{"class":61},[47,106903,2409],{"class":349},[47,106905,75],{"class":61},[47,106907,2414],{"class":349},[47,106909,75],{"class":61},[47,106911,3108],{"class":349},[47,106913,3649],{"class":61},[33,106915,2526],{"id":2525},[174,106917,106918,106922,106926,106930,106934],{},[177,106919,106920],{},[210,106921,96754],{"href":96753},[177,106923,106924],{},[210,106925,104918],{"href":96757},[177,106927,106928],{},[210,106929,100770],{"href":105769},[177,106931,106932],{},[210,106933,105476],{"href":65270},[177,106935,106936],{},[210,106937,106612],{"href":106611},[2563,106939,106940],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":106942},[106943,106944,106945,106946,106947,106953,106954,106955,106963,106973,106974,106982],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":105094,"depth":98,"text":105095},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":105479,"depth":98,"text":105480},{"id":105666,"depth":98,"text":105667,"children":106948},[106949,106950,106951,106952],{"id":105670,"depth":135,"text":105671},{"id":105772,"depth":135,"text":105773},{"id":105856,"depth":135,"text":105857},{"id":105948,"depth":135,"text":105949},{"id":106016,"depth":98,"text":106017},{"id":106230,"depth":98,"text":106231},{"id":106339,"depth":98,"text":106340,"children":106956},[106957,106959,106961],{"id":106346,"depth":135,"text":106958},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106399,"depth":135,"text":106960},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106464,"depth":135,"text":106962},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":106964},[106965,106966,106968,106969,106971],{"id":100303,"depth":135,"text":100811},{"id":106579,"depth":135,"text":106967},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106615,"depth":135,"text":106616},{"id":106653,"depth":135,"text":106970},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106662,"depth":135,"text":106972},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61131,"depth":98,"text":61132},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":106975},[106976,106977,106978,106979,106980],{"id":106766,"depth":135,"text":106767},{"id":106773,"depth":135,"text":106774},{"id":106785,"depth":135,"text":106786},{"id":106792,"depth":135,"text":106793},{"id":106867,"depth":135,"text":106981},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104976,"description":106983},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106990,"title":106991,"body":106992,"description":108507,"extension":2611,"meta":108508,"navigation":357,"path":108509,"seo":108510,"stem":108511,"__hash__":108512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106993,"toc":108483},[106994,107000,107005,107008,107091,107096,107101,107106,107108,107121,107125,107127,107146,107149,107172,107175,107186,107188,107269,107271,107288,107290,107296,107299,107394,107396,107427,107429,107437,107439,107442,107553,107555,107580,107582,107604,107609,107614,107620,107729,107731,107747,107750,107753,107836,107838,107855,107863,107865,107869,107875,107966,107968,108001,108006,108013,108090,108092,108109,108115,108117,108121,108137,108140,108166,108168,108229,108231,108354,108356,108407,108413,108415,108420,108422,108428,108431,108435,108438,108442,108445,108455,108457,108480],[10,106995,4226,106997,18],{"id":106996},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106998,106999],{},"set.intersection()",[20,107001,2628,107002,107004],{},[15,107003,106999],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,107006,107007],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[38,107009,107011],{"className":40,"code":107010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,107012,107013,107033,107053,107057,107076,107086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107014,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107016,3206],{"class":53},[47,107018,58],{"class":57},[47,107020,1096],{"class":61},[47,107022,917],{"class":349},[47,107024,75],{"class":61},[47,107026,2409],{"class":349},[47,107028,75],{"class":61},[47,107030,2414],{"class":349},[47,107032,421],{"class":61},[47,107034,107035,107037,107039,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107036,3234],{"class":53},[47,107038,58],{"class":57},[47,107040,1096],{"class":61},[47,107042,2705],{"class":349},[47,107044,75],{"class":61},[47,107046,2414],{"class":349},[47,107048,75],{"class":61},[47,107050,3108],{"class":349},[47,107052,421],{"class":61},[47,107054,107055],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,107056,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107058,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107070,107072,107074],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,107060,2879],{"class":53},[47,107062,58],{"class":57},[47,107064,57308],{"class":53},[47,107066,110],{"class":61},[47,107068,107069],{"class":113},"intersection",[47,107071,117],{"class":61},[47,107073,854],{"class":113},[47,107075,132],{"class":61},[47,107077,107078,107080,107082,107084],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,107079,139],{"class":138},[47,107081,117],{"class":61},[47,107083,2914],{"class":113},[47,107085,132],{"class":61},[47,107087,107088],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,107089,107090],{"class":152},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,107092,156,107093,107095],{},[15,107094,103217],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[33,107097,13624,107099,13627],{"id":107098},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,107100,103217],{},[20,107102,107103,107105],{},[15,107104,103217],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,107107,13677],{},[174,107109,107110,107113,107115,107118],{},[177,107111,107112],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[177,107114,100987],{},[177,107116,107117],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[177,107119,107120],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,107122,96750,107123,110],{},[210,107124,96754],{"href":96753},[33,107126,2806],{"id":2805},[38,107128,107130],{"className":40,"code":107129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107131,107132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107133,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107135,101011],{"class":53},[47,107137,110],{"class":61},[47,107139,107069],{"class":113},[47,107141,117],{"class":61},[47,107143,101020],{"class":113},[47,107145,132],{"class":61},[20,107147,107148],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[38,107150,107152],{"className":40,"code":107151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107153,107154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107155,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107157,101011],{"class":53},[47,107159,110],{"class":61},[47,107161,107069],{"class":113},[47,107163,117],{"class":61},[47,107165,101020],{"class":113},[47,107167,75],{"class":61},[47,107169,101047],{"class":113},[47,107171,132],{"class":61},[20,107173,107174],{},"Important notes:",[174,107176,107177,107180,107183],{},[177,107178,107179],{},"The result is always a new set",[177,107181,107182],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[177,107184,107185],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107187,603],{},[38,107189,107191],{"className":40,"code":107190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107192,107193,107217,107237,107241,107259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107194,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107196,3206],{"class":53},[47,107198,58],{"class":57},[47,107200,1096],{"class":61},[47,107202,917],{"class":349},[47,107204,75],{"class":61},[47,107206,2409],{"class":349},[47,107208,75],{"class":61},[47,107210,2414],{"class":349},[47,107212,75],{"class":61},[47,107214,3108],{"class":349},[47,107216,421],{"class":61},[47,107218,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107220,3234],{"class":53},[47,107222,58],{"class":57},[47,107224,1096],{"class":61},[47,107226,2711],{"class":349},[47,107228,75],{"class":61},[47,107230,3108],{"class":349},[47,107232,75],{"class":61},[47,107234,5249],{"class":349},[47,107236,421],{"class":61},[47,107238,107239],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,107240,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107242,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,107244,2879],{"class":53},[47,107246,58],{"class":57},[47,107248,57308],{"class":53},[47,107250,110],{"class":61},[47,107252,107069],{"class":113},[47,107254,117],{"class":61},[47,107256,854],{"class":113},[47,107258,132],{"class":61},[47,107260,107261,107263,107265,107267],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,107262,139],{"class":138},[47,107264,117],{"class":61},[47,107266,2914],{"class":113},[47,107268,132],{"class":61},[20,107270,372],{},[38,107272,107274],{"className":40,"code":107273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107275,107276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107277,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107279,382],{"class":61},[47,107281,2711],{"class":349},[47,107283,75],{"class":61},[47,107285,3108],{"class":349},[47,107287,421],{"class":61},[33,107289,273],{"id":272},[20,107291,107292,22377,107294,110],{},[15,107293,103217],{},[278,107295,6931],{},[20,107297,107298],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[38,107300,107302],{"className":40,"code":107301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107303,107304,107324,107344,107348,107366,107370,107380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107305,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107307,3206],{"class":53},[47,107309,58],{"class":57},[47,107311,1096],{"class":61},[47,107313,917],{"class":349},[47,107315,75],{"class":61},[47,107317,2409],{"class":349},[47,107319,75],{"class":61},[47,107321,2414],{"class":349},[47,107323,421],{"class":61},[47,107325,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107327,3234],{"class":53},[47,107329,58],{"class":57},[47,107331,1096],{"class":61},[47,107333,2705],{"class":349},[47,107335,75],{"class":61},[47,107337,2414],{"class":349},[47,107339,75],{"class":61},[47,107341,3108],{"class":349},[47,107343,421],{"class":61},[47,107345,107346],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,107347,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107349,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,107351,2879],{"class":53},[47,107353,58],{"class":57},[47,107355,57308],{"class":53},[47,107357,110],{"class":61},[47,107359,107069],{"class":113},[47,107361,117],{"class":61},[47,107363,854],{"class":113},[47,107365,132],{"class":61},[47,107367,107368],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,107369,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107371,107372,107374,107376,107378],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,107373,139],{"class":138},[47,107375,117],{"class":61},[47,107377,2914],{"class":113},[47,107379,132],{"class":61},[47,107381,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390,107392],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,107383,139],{"class":138},[47,107385,117],{"class":61},[47,107387,2392],{"class":106},[47,107389,117],{"class":61},[47,107391,2914],{"class":113},[47,107393,2266],{"class":61},[20,107395,372],{},[38,107397,107399],{"className":40,"code":107398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107400,107401,107413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107402,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107404,382],{"class":61},[47,107406,2705],{"class":349},[47,107408,75],{"class":61},[47,107410,2414],{"class":349},[47,107412,421],{"class":61},[47,107414,107415,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107416,3941],{"class":57},[47,107418,3944],{"class":2714},[47,107420,398],{"class":65},[47,107422,6931],{"class":69},[47,107424,385],{"class":65},[47,107426,3953],{"class":57},[20,107428,86235],{},[174,107430,107431,107434],{},[177,107432,107433],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[177,107435,107436],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[33,107438,12109],{"id":12108},[20,107440,107441],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[38,107443,107445],{"className":40,"code":107444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107446,107447,107480,107513,107517,107538,107542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107448,107449,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107450,107451],{"class":53},"colors1 ",[47,107453,58],{"class":57},[47,107455,1096],{"class":61},[47,107457,66],{"class":65},[47,107459,305],{"class":69},[47,107461,66],{"class":65},[47,107463,75],{"class":61},[47,107465,78],{"class":65},[47,107467,323],{"class":69},[47,107469,66],{"class":65},[47,107471,75],{"class":61},[47,107473,78],{"class":65},[47,107475,314],{"class":69},[47,107477,66],{"class":65},[47,107479,421],{"class":61},[47,107481,107482,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107483,107484],{"class":53},"colors2 ",[47,107486,58],{"class":57},[47,107488,1096],{"class":61},[47,107490,66],{"class":65},[47,107492,314],{"class":69},[47,107494,66],{"class":65},[47,107496,75],{"class":61},[47,107498,78],{"class":65},[47,107500,22926],{"class":69},[47,107502,66],{"class":65},[47,107504,75],{"class":61},[47,107506,78],{"class":65},[47,107508,323],{"class":69},[47,107510,66],{"class":65},[47,107512,421],{"class":61},[47,107514,107515],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,107516,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107518,107519,107522,107524,107527,107529,107531,107533,107536],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,107520,107521],{"class":53},"common_colors ",[47,107523,58],{"class":57},[47,107525,107526],{"class":53}," colors1",[47,107528,110],{"class":61},[47,107530,107069],{"class":113},[47,107532,117],{"class":61},[47,107534,107535],{"class":113},"colors2",[47,107537,132],{"class":61},[47,107539,107540],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,107541,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107543,107544,107546,107548,107551],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,107545,139],{"class":138},[47,107547,117],{"class":61},[47,107549,107550],{"class":113},"common_colors",[47,107552,132],{"class":61},[20,107554,372],{},[38,107556,107558],{"className":40,"code":107557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107559,107560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107561,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107563,382],{"class":61},[47,107565,385],{"class":65},[47,107567,323],{"class":69},[47,107569,385],{"class":65},[47,107571,75],{"class":61},[47,107573,398],{"class":65},[47,107575,314],{"class":69},[47,107577,385],{"class":65},[47,107579,421],{"class":61},[20,107581,424],{},[174,107583,107584,107590,107594,107599],{},[177,107585,107586,107589],{},[15,107587,107588],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[177,107591,107592,107589],{},[15,107593,107535],{},[177,107595,107596,107598],{},[15,107597,103217],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[177,107600,107601,107602],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107603,107550],{},[33,107605,453,107607,101584],{"id":107606},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107608,103217],{},[20,107610,107611,107612,110],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107613,103217],{},[20,107615,107616,107617,107619],{},"Only the values found in ",[278,107618,4367],{}," inputs will be kept.",[38,107621,107623],{"className":40,"code":107622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107624,107625,107649,107673,107693,107697,107719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107626,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107628,3206],{"class":53},[47,107630,58],{"class":57},[47,107632,1096],{"class":61},[47,107634,917],{"class":349},[47,107636,75],{"class":61},[47,107638,2409],{"class":349},[47,107640,75],{"class":61},[47,107642,2414],{"class":349},[47,107644,75],{"class":61},[47,107646,3108],{"class":349},[47,107648,421],{"class":61},[47,107650,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107652,3234],{"class":53},[47,107654,58],{"class":57},[47,107656,1096],{"class":61},[47,107658,2705],{"class":349},[47,107660,75],{"class":61},[47,107662,2414],{"class":349},[47,107664,75],{"class":61},[47,107666,3108],{"class":349},[47,107668,75],{"class":61},[47,107670,5249],{"class":349},[47,107672,421],{"class":61},[47,107674,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,107676,83609],{"class":53},[47,107678,58],{"class":57},[47,107680,1096],{"class":61},[47,107682,2711],{"class":349},[47,107684,75],{"class":61},[47,107686,3108],{"class":349},[47,107688,75],{"class":61},[47,107690,38056],{"class":349},[47,107692,421],{"class":61},[47,107694,107695],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,107696,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107698,107699,107701,107703,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,107700,2879],{"class":53},[47,107702,58],{"class":57},[47,107704,57308],{"class":53},[47,107706,110],{"class":61},[47,107708,107069],{"class":113},[47,107710,117],{"class":61},[47,107712,854],{"class":113},[47,107714,75],{"class":61},[47,107716,10320],{"class":113},[47,107718,132],{"class":61},[47,107720,107721,107723,107725,107727],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,107722,139],{"class":138},[47,107724,117],{"class":61},[47,107726,2914],{"class":113},[47,107728,132],{"class":61},[20,107730,372],{},[38,107732,107733],{"className":40,"code":107273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107734,107735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107736,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107738,382],{"class":61},[47,107740,2711],{"class":349},[47,107742,75],{"class":61},[47,107744,3108],{"class":349},[47,107746,421],{"class":61},[20,107748,107749],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107751,107752],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[38,107754,107756],{"className":40,"code":107755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107757,107758,107782,107786,107826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107759,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107761,3206],{"class":53},[47,107763,58],{"class":57},[47,107765,1096],{"class":61},[47,107767,917],{"class":349},[47,107769,75],{"class":61},[47,107771,2409],{"class":349},[47,107773,75],{"class":61},[47,107775,2414],{"class":349},[47,107777,75],{"class":61},[47,107779,3108],{"class":349},[47,107781,421],{"class":61},[47,107783,107784],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107785,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107787,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,107789,2879],{"class":53},[47,107791,58],{"class":57},[47,107793,57308],{"class":53},[47,107795,110],{"class":61},[47,107797,107069],{"class":113},[47,107799,1258],{"class":61},[47,107801,2705],{"class":349},[47,107803,75],{"class":61},[47,107805,3108],{"class":349},[47,107807,75],{"class":61},[47,107809,38056],{"class":349},[47,107811,959],{"class":61},[47,107813,9878],{"class":61},[47,107815,917],{"class":349},[47,107817,75],{"class":61},[47,107819,2409],{"class":349},[47,107821,75],{"class":61},[47,107823,3108],{"class":349},[47,107825,2266],{"class":61},[47,107827,107828,107830,107832,107834],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,107829,139],{"class":138},[47,107831,117],{"class":61},[47,107833,2914],{"class":113},[47,107835,132],{"class":61},[20,107837,372],{},[38,107839,107841],{"className":40,"code":107840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107842,107843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107844,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107846,382],{"class":61},[47,107848,2705],{"class":349},[47,107850,75],{"class":61},[47,107852,3108],{"class":349},[47,107854,421],{"class":61},[33,107856,107858,11222,107860],{"id":107857},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107859,103217],{},[15,107861,107862],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107864,101754],{},[244,107866,107867],{"id":107069},[15,107868,103217],{},[174,107870,107871,107873],{},[177,107872,101763],{},[177,107874,101766],{},[38,107876,107878],{"className":40,"code":107877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107879,107880,107900,107920,107924,107942,107946,107956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107881,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107883,3206],{"class":53},[47,107885,58],{"class":57},[47,107887,1096],{"class":61},[47,107889,917],{"class":349},[47,107891,75],{"class":61},[47,107893,2409],{"class":349},[47,107895,75],{"class":61},[47,107897,2414],{"class":349},[47,107899,421],{"class":61},[47,107901,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107903,3234],{"class":53},[47,107905,58],{"class":57},[47,107907,1096],{"class":61},[47,107909,2705],{"class":349},[47,107911,75],{"class":61},[47,107913,2414],{"class":349},[47,107915,75],{"class":61},[47,107917,3108],{"class":349},[47,107919,421],{"class":61},[47,107921,107922],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,107923,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107925,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,107927,2879],{"class":53},[47,107929,58],{"class":57},[47,107931,57308],{"class":53},[47,107933,110],{"class":61},[47,107935,107069],{"class":113},[47,107937,117],{"class":61},[47,107939,854],{"class":113},[47,107941,132],{"class":61},[47,107943,107944],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,107945,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,107947,107948,107950,107952,107954],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,107949,139],{"class":138},[47,107951,117],{"class":61},[47,107953,210],{"class":113},[47,107955,132],{"class":61},[47,107957,107958,107960,107962,107964],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,107959,139],{"class":138},[47,107961,117],{"class":61},[47,107963,2914],{"class":113},[47,107965,132],{"class":61},[20,107967,372],{},[38,107969,107971],{"className":40,"code":107970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107972,107973,107989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107974,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107976,382],{"class":61},[47,107978,917],{"class":349},[47,107980,75],{"class":61},[47,107982,2409],{"class":349},[47,107984,75],{"class":61},[47,107986,2414],{"class":349},[47,107988,421],{"class":61},[47,107990,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,107992,382],{"class":61},[47,107994,2705],{"class":349},[47,107996,75],{"class":61},[47,107998,2414],{"class":349},[47,108000,421],{"class":61},[244,108002,108004],{"id":108003},"intersection_update",[15,108005,107862],{},[174,108007,108008,108010],{},[177,108009,101906],{},[177,108011,108012],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[38,108014,108016],{"className":40,"code":108015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,108017,108018,108038,108058,108062,108076,108080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108019,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028,108030,108032,108034,108036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108021,3206],{"class":53},[47,108023,58],{"class":57},[47,108025,1096],{"class":61},[47,108027,917],{"class":349},[47,108029,75],{"class":61},[47,108031,2409],{"class":349},[47,108033,75],{"class":61},[47,108035,2414],{"class":349},[47,108037,421],{"class":61},[47,108039,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108041,3234],{"class":53},[47,108043,58],{"class":57},[47,108045,1096],{"class":61},[47,108047,2705],{"class":349},[47,108049,75],{"class":61},[47,108051,2414],{"class":349},[47,108053,75],{"class":61},[47,108055,3108],{"class":349},[47,108057,421],{"class":61},[47,108059,108060],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,108061,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108063,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,108065,210],{"class":53},[47,108067,110],{"class":61},[47,108069,108003],{"class":113},[47,108071,117],{"class":61},[47,108073,854],{"class":113},[47,108075,132],{"class":61},[47,108077,108078],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,108079,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108081,108082,108084,108086,108088],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,108083,139],{"class":138},[47,108085,117],{"class":61},[47,108087,210],{"class":113},[47,108089,132],{"class":61},[20,108091,372],{},[38,108093,108095],{"className":40,"code":108094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n",[15,108096,108097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108098,108099,108101,108103,108105,108107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108100,382],{"class":61},[47,108102,2705],{"class":349},[47,108104,75],{"class":61},[47,108106,2414],{"class":349},[47,108108,421],{"class":61},[20,108110,108111,108112,108114],{},"Choose ",[15,108113,103217],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[33,108116,5162],{"id":5161},[20,108118,1644,108119,172],{},[15,108120,103217],{},[174,108122,108123,108126,108129,108132],{},[177,108124,108125],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[177,108127,108128],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[177,108130,108131],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[177,108133,108134,108135],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108136,103217],{},[20,108138,108139],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[174,108141,108142,108147,108150,108163],{},[177,108143,453,108144,108146],{},[15,108145,103217],{}," when order matters",[177,108148,108149],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[177,108151,37616,108152,9350,108154,3530,108159],{},[15,108153,103217],{},[210,108155,108157],{"href":108156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108158,103225],{},[210,108160,108161],{"href":103266},[15,108162,100840],{},[177,108164,108165],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108167,30541],{},[38,108169,108171],{"className":40,"code":108170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108172,108173,108183,108197,108215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108174,108175,108177,108179,108181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108176,139],{"class":138},[47,108178,117],{"class":61},[47,108180,16276],{"class":113},[47,108182,132],{"class":61},[47,108184,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108186,139],{"class":138},[47,108188,117],{"class":61},[47,108190,2392],{"class":106},[47,108192,117],{"class":61},[47,108194,2914],{"class":113},[47,108196,2266],{"class":61},[47,108198,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,108200,139],{"class":138},[47,108202,117],{"class":61},[47,108204,101011],{"class":113},[47,108206,110],{"class":61},[47,108208,107069],{"class":113},[47,108210,117],{"class":61},[47,108212,101020],{"class":113},[47,108214,2266],{"class":61},[47,108216,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,108218,139],{"class":138},[47,108220,117],{"class":61},[47,108222,11798],{"class":138},[47,108224,117],{"class":61},[47,108226,2914],{"class":113},[47,108228,2266],{"class":61},[20,108230,603],{},[38,108232,108234],{"className":40,"code":108233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108235,108236,108260,108280,108284,108302,108306,108316,108326,108340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108237,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108239,4270],{"class":53},[47,108241,58],{"class":57},[47,108243,1096],{"class":61},[47,108245,917],{"class":349},[47,108247,75],{"class":61},[47,108249,2409],{"class":349},[47,108251,75],{"class":61},[47,108253,2409],{"class":349},[47,108255,75],{"class":61},[47,108257,2414],{"class":349},[47,108259,421],{"class":61},[47,108261,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108263,43965],{"class":53},[47,108265,58],{"class":57},[47,108267,1096],{"class":61},[47,108269,2705],{"class":349},[47,108271,75],{"class":61},[47,108273,2414],{"class":349},[47,108275,75],{"class":61},[47,108277,3108],{"class":349},[47,108279,421],{"class":61},[47,108281,108282],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,108283,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108285,108286,108288,108290,108292,108294,108296,108298,108300],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,108287,2879],{"class":53},[47,108289,58],{"class":57},[47,108291,4905],{"class":53},[47,108293,110],{"class":61},[47,108295,107069],{"class":113},[47,108297,117],{"class":61},[47,108299,31149],{"class":113},[47,108301,132],{"class":61},[47,108303,108304],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,108305,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108307,108308,108310,108312,108314],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,108309,139],{"class":138},[47,108311,117],{"class":61},[47,108313,4300],{"class":113},[47,108315,132],{"class":61},[47,108317,108318,108320,108322,108324],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,108319,139],{"class":138},[47,108321,117],{"class":61},[47,108323,2914],{"class":113},[47,108325,132],{"class":61},[47,108327,108328,108330,108332,108334,108336,108338],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,108329,139],{"class":138},[47,108331,117],{"class":61},[47,108333,2392],{"class":106},[47,108335,117],{"class":61},[47,108337,2914],{"class":113},[47,108339,2266],{"class":61},[47,108341,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,108343,139],{"class":138},[47,108345,117],{"class":61},[47,108347,11798],{"class":138},[47,108349,117],{"class":61},[47,108351,2914],{"class":113},[47,108353,2266],{"class":61},[20,108355,372],{},[38,108357,108359],{"className":40,"code":108358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108360,108361,108377,108389,108403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108362,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108364,382],{"class":61},[47,108366,917],{"class":349},[47,108368,75],{"class":61},[47,108370,2409],{"class":349},[47,108372,75],{"class":61},[47,108374,2414],{"class":349},[47,108376,421],{"class":61},[47,108378,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108380,382],{"class":61},[47,108382,2705],{"class":349},[47,108384,75],{"class":61},[47,108386,2414],{"class":349},[47,108388,421],{"class":61},[47,108390,108391,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,108392,3941],{"class":57},[47,108394,3944],{"class":2714},[47,108396,398],{"class":65},[47,108398,6931],{"class":69},[47,108400,385],{"class":65},[47,108402,3953],{"class":57},[47,108404,108405],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,108406,17665],{"class":349},[20,108408,108409,108410,108412],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108411,2705],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[33,108414,2429],{"id":2428},[244,108416,2433,108418,103165],{"id":108417},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108419,103217],{},[20,108421,103168],{},[244,108423,5813,108425,108427],{"id":108424},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108426,103217],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108429,108430],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[244,108432,108434],{"id":108433},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108436,108437],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[244,108439,108441],{"id":108440},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108443,108444],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[38,108446,108447],{"className":40,"code":97884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,108448,108449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108450,108451,108453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108452,6931],{"class":106},[47,108454,9288],{"class":61},[33,108456,2526],{"id":2525},[174,108458,108459,108463,108470,108476],{},[177,108460,108461],{},[210,108462,96754],{"href":96753},[177,108464,108465],{},[210,108466,4226,108467,1637],{"href":108156},[15,108468,108469],{},"set.union()",[177,108471,108472],{},[210,108473,4226,108474,1637],{"href":103266},[15,108475,100845],{},[177,108477,108478],{},[210,108479,100770],{"href":105769},[2563,108481,108482],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":108484},[108485,108487,108488,108489,108490,108492,108497,108498,108506],{"id":107098,"depth":98,"text":108486},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":107606,"depth":98,"text":108491},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107857,"depth":98,"text":108493,"children":108494},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108495,108496],{"id":107069,"depth":135,"text":103217},{"id":108003,"depth":135,"text":107862},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":108499},[108500,108502,108504,108505],{"id":108417,"depth":135,"text":108501},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108424,"depth":135,"text":108503},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108433,"depth":135,"text":108434},{"id":108440,"depth":135,"text":108441},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106991,"description":108507},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108514,"title":108515,"body":108516,"description":109752,"extension":2611,"meta":109753,"navigation":357,"path":109754,"seo":109755,"stem":109756,"__hash__":109757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108517,"toc":109719},[108518,108523,108529,108538,108540,108615,108620,108635,108645,108650,108654,108667,108671,108673,108688,108690,108706,108708,108783,108787,108790,108792,108809,108814,108869,108874,108886,108890,108893,108994,108996,109037,109040,109044,109051,109053,109078,109081,109099,109106,109112,109115,109197,109204,109207,109287,109296,109299,109304,109308,109322,109371,109376,109380,109391,109440,109451,109456,109460,109472,109521,109532,109534,109538,109561,109563,109620,109622,109636,109638,109644,109650,109656,109665,109669,109676,109680,109688,109690,109716],[10,108519,96626,108521,18],{"id":108520},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108522,13391],{},[20,108524,108525,108528],{},[15,108526,108527],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108530,108531,108532,108534,108535,108537],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[278,108533,1369],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108536,13391],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[33,108539,36],{"id":35},[38,108541,108543],{"className":40,"code":108542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108544,108545,108577,108591,108595,108605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108546,108547,108549,108551,108553,108555,108557,108559,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108548,8425],{"class":53},[47,108550,58],{"class":57},[47,108552,1096],{"class":61},[47,108554,66],{"class":65},[47,108556,4720],{"class":69},[47,108558,66],{"class":65},[47,108560,75],{"class":61},[47,108562,78],{"class":65},[47,108564,4729],{"class":69},[47,108566,66],{"class":65},[47,108568,75],{"class":61},[47,108570,78],{"class":65},[47,108572,4738],{"class":69},[47,108574,66],{"class":65},[47,108576,421],{"class":61},[47,108578,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108580,70357],{"class":53},[47,108582,58],{"class":57},[47,108584,6609],{"class":53},[47,108586,110],{"class":61},[47,108588,26645],{"class":113},[47,108590,9288],{"class":61},[47,108592,108593],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,108594,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108596,108597,108599,108601,108603],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,108598,139],{"class":138},[47,108600,117],{"class":61},[47,108602,70380],{"class":113},[47,108604,132],{"class":61},[47,108606,108607,108609,108611,108613],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,108608,139],{"class":138},[47,108610,117],{"class":61},[47,108612,8456],{"class":113},[47,108614,132],{"class":61},[20,108616,108617],{},[278,108618,108619],{},"What this does:",[174,108621,108622,108627,108632],{},[177,108623,108624,108625],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108626,8456],{},[177,108628,108629,108630],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108631,70380],{},[177,108633,108634],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108636,108637,89386,108639,108641,108642,108644],{},[278,108638,84244],{},[15,108640,108527],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[278,108643,1369],{}," chosen by index.",[33,108646,164,108648,167],{"id":108647},"what-setpop-does",[15,108649,108527],{},[20,108651,108652,172],{},[15,108653,108527],{},[174,108655,108656,108658,108661,108664],{},[177,108657,103468],{},[177,108659,108660],{},"Returns the removed item",[177,108662,108663],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[177,108665,108666],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108668,96750,108669,110],{},[210,108670,96754],{"href":97925},[33,108672,2806],{"id":2805},[38,108674,108676],{"className":40,"code":108675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108677,108678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108679,108680,108682,108684,108686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108681,16276],{"class":53},[47,108683,110],{"class":61},[47,108685,26645],{"class":113},[47,108687,9288],{"class":61},[20,108689,13677],{},[174,108691,108692,108698,108703],{},[177,108693,108694,108695],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108696,108697],{},"my_set.pop()",[177,108699,108700,108701],{},"It takes ",[278,108702,29093],{},[177,108704,108705],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108707,603],{},[38,108709,108711],{"className":40,"code":108710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108712,108713,108745,108759,108763,108773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108714,108715,108717,108719,108721,108723,108725,108727,108729,108731,108733,108735,108737,108739,108741,108743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108716,332],{"class":53},[47,108718,58],{"class":57},[47,108720,1096],{"class":61},[47,108722,66],{"class":65},[47,108724,305],{"class":69},[47,108726,66],{"class":65},[47,108728,75],{"class":61},[47,108730,78],{"class":65},[47,108732,323],{"class":69},[47,108734,66],{"class":65},[47,108736,75],{"class":61},[47,108738,78],{"class":65},[47,108740,314],{"class":69},[47,108742,66],{"class":65},[47,108744,421],{"class":61},[47,108746,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108748,28943],{"class":53},[47,108750,58],{"class":57},[47,108752,13746],{"class":53},[47,108754,110],{"class":61},[47,108756,26645],{"class":113},[47,108758,9288],{"class":61},[47,108760,108761],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,108762,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108764,108765,108767,108769,108771],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,108766,139],{"class":138},[47,108768,117],{"class":61},[47,108770,23713],{"class":113},[47,108772,132],{"class":61},[47,108774,108775,108777,108779,108781],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,108776,139],{"class":138},[47,108778,117],{"class":61},[47,108780,367],{"class":113},[47,108782,132],{"class":61},[33,108784,108786],{"id":108785},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108788,108789],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108791,2756],{},[174,108793,108794,108800,108803],{},[177,108795,108796,108797,108799],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108798,13391],{}," removes",[177,108801,108802],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[177,108804,108805,108806,108808],{},"You should not use ",[15,108807,13391],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108810,11098,108811,108813],{},[278,108812,1369],{}," valid:",[38,108815,108817],{"className":40,"code":108816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108818,108819,108851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108820,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108847,108849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108822,36650],{"class":53},[47,108824,58],{"class":57},[47,108826,1096],{"class":61},[47,108828,66],{"class":65},[47,108830,4720],{"class":69},[47,108832,66],{"class":65},[47,108834,75],{"class":61},[47,108836,78],{"class":65},[47,108838,4729],{"class":69},[47,108840,66],{"class":65},[47,108842,75],{"class":61},[47,108844,78],{"class":65},[47,108846,4738],{"class":69},[47,108848,66],{"class":65},[47,108850,421],{"class":61},[47,108852,108853,108855,108857,108859,108861,108863,108865,108867],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108854,36702],{"class":53},[47,108856,110],{"class":61},[47,108858,26645],{"class":113},[47,108860,117],{"class":61},[47,108862,66],{"class":65},[47,108864,4720],{"class":69},[47,108866,66],{"class":65},[47,108868,132],{"class":61},[20,108870,40067,108871,108873],{},[15,108872,108527],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108875,108876,108877,3530,108881,110],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[210,108878,108879],{"href":98635},[15,108880,103294],{},[210,108882,108884],{"href":108883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108885,103285],{},[33,108887,108889],{"id":108888},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108891,108892],{},"Here is a simple example:",[38,108894,108896],{"className":40,"code":108895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108897,108898,108932,108936,108952,108956,108975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108899,108900,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913,108915,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925,108928,108930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108901,108902],{"class":53},"animals ",[47,108904,58],{"class":57},[47,108906,1096],{"class":61},[47,108908,66],{"class":65},[47,108910,37459],{"class":69},[47,108912,66],{"class":65},[47,108914,75],{"class":61},[47,108916,78],{"class":65},[47,108918,58548],{"class":69},[47,108920,66],{"class":65},[47,108922,75],{"class":61},[47,108924,78],{"class":65},[47,108926,108927],{"class":69},"rabbit",[47,108929,66],{"class":65},[47,108931,421],{"class":61},[47,108933,108934],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,108935,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108937,108938,108941,108943,108946,108948,108950],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,108939,108940],{"class":53},"removed_animal ",[47,108942,58],{"class":57},[47,108944,108945],{"class":53}," animals",[47,108947,110],{"class":61},[47,108949,26645],{"class":113},[47,108951,9288],{"class":61},[47,108953,108954],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,108955,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,108957,108958,108960,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970,108973],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,108959,139],{"class":138},[47,108961,117],{"class":61},[47,108963,66],{"class":65},[47,108965,29361],{"class":69},[47,108967,66],{"class":65},[47,108969,75],{"class":61},[47,108971,108972],{"class":113}," removed_animal",[47,108974,132],{"class":61},[47,108976,108977,108979,108981,108983,108986,108988,108990,108992],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,108978,139],{"class":138},[47,108980,117],{"class":61},[47,108982,66],{"class":65},[47,108984,108985],{"class":69},"Updated set:",[47,108987,66],{"class":65},[47,108989,75],{"class":61},[47,108991,108945],{"class":113},[47,108993,132],{"class":61},[20,108995,30435],{},[38,108997,108999],{"className":40,"code":108998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,109000,109001,109010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109002,109003,109005,109007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109004,29403],{"class":53},[47,109006,172],{"class":61},[47,109008,109009],{"class":53}," dog\n",[47,109011,109012,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033,109035],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109013,109014],{"class":53},"Updated ",[47,109016,6931],{"class":106},[47,109018,172],{"class":61},[47,109020,1096],{"class":61},[47,109022,385],{"class":65},[47,109024,37459],{"class":69},[47,109026,385],{"class":65},[47,109028,75],{"class":61},[47,109030,398],{"class":65},[47,109032,108927],{"class":69},[47,109034,385],{"class":65},[47,109036,421],{"class":61},[20,109038,109039],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[33,109041,109043],{"id":109042},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,109045,30055,109046,109048,109049,110],{},[15,109047,13391],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,109050,20088],{},[20,109052,603],{},[38,109054,109056],{"className":40,"code":109055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,109057,109058,109068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109059,109060,109062,109064,109066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109061,8425],{"class":53},[47,109063,58],{"class":57},[47,109065,16243],{"class":106},[47,109067,9288],{"class":61},[47,109069,109070,109072,109074,109076],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109071,8456],{"class":53},[47,109073,110],{"class":61},[47,109075,26645],{"class":113},[47,109077,9288],{"class":61},[20,109079,109080],{},"This raises:",[38,109082,109084],{"className":40,"code":109083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,109085,109086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109087,109088,109090,109092,109094,109097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109089,20088],{"class":106},[47,109091,172],{"class":61},[47,109093,398],{"class":65},[47,109095,109096],{"class":69},"pop from an empty set",[47,109098,30105],{"class":65},[20,109100,109101,109102,109105],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[210,109103,109104],{"href":11710},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[244,109107,109109,109110],{"id":109108},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,109111,13391],{},[20,109113,109114],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[38,109116,109118],{"className":40,"code":109117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,109119,109120,109130,109134,109142,109157,109176,109182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109121,109122,109124,109126,109128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109123,8425],{"class":53},[47,109125,58],{"class":57},[47,109127,16243],{"class":106},[47,109129,9288],{"class":61},[47,109131,109132],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109133,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,109135,109136,109138,109140],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109137,7642],{"class":1107},[47,109139,6609],{"class":53},[47,109141,7038],{"class":61},[47,109143,109144,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,109145,109146],{"class":53},"    removed ",[47,109148,58],{"class":57},[47,109150,6609],{"class":53},[47,109152,110],{"class":61},[47,109154,26645],{"class":113},[47,109156,9288],{"class":61},[47,109158,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171,109174],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,109160,8715],{"class":138},[47,109162,117],{"class":61},[47,109164,66],{"class":65},[47,109166,29361],{"class":69},[47,109168,66],{"class":65},[47,109170,75],{"class":61},[47,109172,109173],{"class":113}," removed",[47,109175,132],{"class":61},[47,109177,109178,109180],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,109179,27838],{"class":1107},[47,109181,7038],{"class":61},[47,109183,109184,109186,109188,109190,109193,109195],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,109185,8715],{"class":138},[47,109187,117],{"class":61},[47,109189,66],{"class":65},[47,109191,109192],{"class":69},"The set is empty.",[47,109194,66],{"class":65},[47,109196,132],{"class":61},[244,109198,156,109200,5036,109202],{"id":109199},"use-try-and-except",[15,109201,30209],{},[15,109203,30240],{},[20,109205,109206],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[38,109208,109210],{"className":40,"code":109209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109211,109212,109222,109226,109232,109246,109264,109272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109213,109214,109216,109218,109220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109215,8425],{"class":53},[47,109217,58],{"class":57},[47,109219,16243],{"class":106},[47,109221,9288],{"class":61},[47,109223,109224],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109225,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,109227,109228,109230],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109229,30209],{"class":1107},[47,109231,7038],{"class":61},[47,109233,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,109235,109146],{"class":53},[47,109237,58],{"class":57},[47,109239,6609],{"class":53},[47,109241,110],{"class":61},[47,109243,26645],{"class":113},[47,109245,9288],{"class":61},[47,109247,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,109249,8715],{"class":138},[47,109251,117],{"class":61},[47,109253,66],{"class":65},[47,109255,29361],{"class":69},[47,109257,66],{"class":65},[47,109259,75],{"class":61},[47,109261,109173],{"class":113},[47,109263,132],{"class":61},[47,109265,109266,109268,109270],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,109267,30240],{"class":1107},[47,109269,30243],{"class":106},[47,109271,7038],{"class":61},[47,109273,109274,109276,109278,109280,109283,109285],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,109275,8715],{"class":138},[47,109277,117],{"class":61},[47,109279,66],{"class":65},[47,109281,109282],{"class":69},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[47,109284,66],{"class":65},[47,109286,132],{"class":61},[33,109288,1216,109290,11222,109292,11222,109294],{"id":109289},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109291,13391],{},[15,109293,55949],{},[15,109295,103280],{},[20,109297,109298],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[244,109300,156,109302],{"id":109301},"use-pop",[15,109303,13391],{},[20,109305,156,109306,11238],{},[15,109307,13391],{},[174,109309,109310,109316,109319],{},[177,109311,109312,109313],{},"You want to remove ",[278,109314,109315],{},"any one item",[177,109317,109318],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[177,109320,109321],{},"You want the removed item returned",[38,109323,109325],{"className":40,"code":109324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109326,109327,109347,109361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109328,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109330,4270],{"class":53},[47,109332,58],{"class":57},[47,109334,1096],{"class":61},[47,109336,917],{"class":349},[47,109338,75],{"class":61},[47,109340,2409],{"class":349},[47,109342,75],{"class":61},[47,109344,2414],{"class":349},[47,109346,421],{"class":61},[47,109348,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109350,3098],{"class":53},[47,109352,58],{"class":57},[47,109354,4905],{"class":53},[47,109356,110],{"class":61},[47,109358,26645],{"class":113},[47,109360,9288],{"class":61},[47,109362,109363,109365,109367,109369],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109364,139],{"class":138},[47,109366,117],{"class":61},[47,109368,259],{"class":113},[47,109370,132],{"class":61},[244,109372,156,109374],{"id":109373},"use-remove",[15,109375,55949],{},[20,109377,156,109378,11238],{},[15,109379,55949],{},[174,109381,109382,109388],{},[177,109383,109384,109385],{},"You want to delete a ",[278,109386,109387],{},"specific item",[177,109389,109390],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[38,109392,109394],{"className":40,"code":109393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109395,109396,109416,109430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109397,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109399,4270],{"class":53},[47,109401,58],{"class":57},[47,109403,1096],{"class":61},[47,109405,917],{"class":349},[47,109407,75],{"class":61},[47,109409,2409],{"class":349},[47,109411,75],{"class":61},[47,109413,2414],{"class":349},[47,109415,421],{"class":61},[47,109417,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109419,4300],{"class":53},[47,109421,110],{"class":61},[47,109423,35203],{"class":113},[47,109425,117],{"class":61},[47,109427,2705],{"class":349},[47,109429,132],{"class":61},[47,109431,109432,109434,109436,109438],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109433,139],{"class":138},[47,109435,117],{"class":61},[47,109437,4300],{"class":113},[47,109439,132],{"class":61},[20,109441,109442,109443,109445,109446,109450],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109444,55949],{}," raises an error. See the ",[210,109447,109448,1637],{"href":98635},[15,109449,103294],{}," for details.",[244,109452,156,109454],{"id":109453},"use-discard",[15,109455,103280],{},[20,109457,156,109458,11238],{},[15,109459,103280],{},[174,109461,109462,109466],{},[177,109463,109384,109464],{},[278,109465,109387],{},[177,109467,109468,109469,109471],{},"You do ",[278,109470,1369],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[38,109473,109475],{"className":40,"code":109474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109476,109477,109497,109511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109478,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109480,4270],{"class":53},[47,109482,58],{"class":57},[47,109484,1096],{"class":61},[47,109486,917],{"class":349},[47,109488,75],{"class":61},[47,109490,2409],{"class":349},[47,109492,75],{"class":61},[47,109494,2414],{"class":349},[47,109496,421],{"class":61},[47,109498,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109500,4300],{"class":53},[47,109502,110],{"class":61},[47,109504,103347],{"class":113},[47,109506,117],{"class":61},[47,109508,2784],{"class":349},[47,109510,132],{"class":61},[47,109512,109513,109515,109517,109519],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109514,139],{"class":138},[47,109516,117],{"class":61},[47,109518,4300],{"class":113},[47,109520,132],{"class":61},[20,109522,109523,109524,109526,109527,109531],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109525,2784],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[210,109528,109529,1637],{"href":108883},[15,109530,103285],{}," for more examples.",[33,109533,1641],{"id":1640},[20,109535,71903,109536,172],{},[15,109537,108527],{},[174,109539,109540,109546,109551,109556],{},[177,109541,109542,109543],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109544,109545],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[177,109547,1968,109548,109550],{},[15,109549,13391],{}," to remove the first or last item",[177,109552,30055,109553,109555],{},[15,109554,13391],{}," on an empty set",[177,109557,453,109558,109560],{},[15,109559,13391],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109562,62717],{},[38,109564,109566],{"className":40,"code":109565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109567,109568,109578,109592,109606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109569,109570,109572,109574,109576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109571,139],{"class":138},[47,109573,117],{"class":61},[47,109575,16276],{"class":113},[47,109577,132],{"class":61},[47,109579,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109581,139],{"class":138},[47,109583,117],{"class":61},[47,109585,11798],{"class":138},[47,109587,117],{"class":61},[47,109589,16276],{"class":113},[47,109591,2266],{"class":61},[47,109593,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109595,139],{"class":138},[47,109597,117],{"class":61},[47,109599,2392],{"class":106},[47,109601,117],{"class":61},[47,109603,16276],{"class":113},[47,109605,2266],{"class":61},[47,109607,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,109609,28943],{"class":53},[47,109611,58],{"class":57},[47,109613,97350],{"class":53},[47,109615,110],{"class":61},[47,109617,26645],{"class":113},[47,109619,9288],{"class":61},[20,109621,26412],{},[174,109623,109624,109627,109630,109633],{},[177,109625,109626],{},"What values are in the set",[177,109628,109629],{},"Whether the set is empty",[177,109631,109632],{},"That the object is really a set",[177,109634,109635],{},"What value was actually removed",[33,109637,2429],{"id":2428},[244,109639,2433,109641,109643],{"id":109640},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109642,108527],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109645,109646,109647,109649],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109648,13391],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[244,109651,109653,109654,3143],{"id":109652},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109655,108527],{},[20,109657,109658,109659,109661,109662,109664],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109660,13391],{},", set ",[15,109663,13391],{}," does not accept an index.",[244,109666,109668],{"id":109667},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109670,72072,109671,45046,109673,109675],{},[15,109672,20088],{},[15,109674,13391],{}," is called on an empty set.",[244,109677,109679],{"id":109678},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109681,156,109682,3530,109684,11728,109686,110],{},[15,109683,55949],{},[15,109685,103280],{},[15,109687,13391],{},[33,109689,2526],{"id":2525},[174,109691,109692,109696,109702,109708,109712],{},[177,109693,109694],{},[210,109695,96754],{"href":97925},[177,109697,109698],{},[210,109699,97240,109700,1637],{"href":98635},[15,109701,55949],{},[177,109703,109704],{},[210,109705,97240,109706,1637],{"href":108883},[15,109707,103280],{},[177,109709,109710],{},[210,109711,11897],{"href":11710},[177,109713,109714],{},[210,109715,55935],{"href":55487},[2563,109717,109718],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":109720},[109721,109722,109724,109725,109726,109727,109733,109742,109743,109751],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":108647,"depth":98,"text":109723},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":108785,"depth":98,"text":108786},{"id":108888,"depth":98,"text":108889},{"id":109042,"depth":98,"text":109043,"children":109728},[109729,109731],{"id":109108,"depth":135,"text":109730},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109199,"depth":135,"text":109732},"Use try and except",{"id":109289,"depth":98,"text":109734,"children":109735},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109736,109738,109740],{"id":109301,"depth":135,"text":109737},"Use pop()",{"id":109373,"depth":135,"text":109739},"Use remove()",{"id":109453,"depth":135,"text":109741},"Use discard()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":109744},[109745,109747,109749,109750],{"id":109640,"depth":135,"text":109746},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109652,"depth":135,"text":109748},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109667,"depth":135,"text":109668},{"id":109678,"depth":135,"text":109679},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108515,"description":109752},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109759,"title":109760,"body":109761,"description":110915,"extension":2611,"meta":110916,"navigation":357,"path":110917,"seo":110918,"stem":110919,"__hash__":110920},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109762,"toc":110883},[109763,109768,109773,109782,109784,109849,109853,109877,109884,109889,109893,109908,109911,109913,109932,109946,109949,109997,110001,110017,110019,110092,110096,110121,110127,110135,110139,110146,110201,110206,110223,110229,110235,110240,110248,110255,110259,110267,110322,110324,110341,110345,110352,110417,110421,110454,110456,110468,110475,110477,110482,110489,110491,110560,110564,110572,110574,110638,110642,110647,110694,110699,110767,110775,110782,110785,110791,110796,110800,110802,110805,110807,110812,110817,110823,110828,110835,110843,110849,110852,110854,110880],[10,109764,96626,109766,18],{"id":109765},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109767,55949],{},[20,109769,109770,109772],{},[15,109771,103294],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109774,109775,109776,109779,109780,110],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[278,109777,109778],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109781,20088],{},[33,109783,36],{"id":35},[38,109785,109787],{"className":40,"code":109786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109788,109789,109821,109839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109790,109791,109793,109795,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109792,332],{"class":53},[47,109794,58],{"class":57},[47,109796,1096],{"class":61},[47,109798,66],{"class":65},[47,109800,305],{"class":69},[47,109802,66],{"class":65},[47,109804,75],{"class":61},[47,109806,78],{"class":65},[47,109808,323],{"class":69},[47,109810,66],{"class":65},[47,109812,75],{"class":61},[47,109814,78],{"class":65},[47,109816,314],{"class":69},[47,109818,66],{"class":65},[47,109820,421],{"class":61},[47,109822,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109824,367],{"class":53},[47,109826,110],{"class":61},[47,109828,35203],{"class":113},[47,109830,117],{"class":61},[47,109832,66],{"class":65},[47,109834,323],{"class":69},[47,109836,66],{"class":65},[47,109838,132],{"class":61},[47,109840,109841,109843,109845,109847],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109842,139],{"class":138},[47,109844,117],{"class":61},[47,109846,367],{"class":113},[47,109848,132],{"class":61},[20,109850,109851],{},[278,109852,30435],{},[38,109854,109855],{"className":40,"code":103974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109856,109857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109858,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109860,382],{"class":61},[47,109862,385],{"class":65},[47,109864,305],{"class":69},[47,109866,385],{"class":65},[47,109868,75],{"class":61},[47,109870,398],{"class":65},[47,109872,314],{"class":69},[47,109874,385],{"class":65},[47,109876,421],{"class":61},[20,109878,156,109879,109881,109882,110],{},[15,109880,55949],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109883,20088],{},[33,109885,164,109887,167],{"id":109886},"what-setremove-does",[15,109888,103294],{},[20,109890,109891,172],{},[15,109892,103294],{},[174,109894,109895,109898,109900,109902],{},[177,109896,109897],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[177,109899,96741],{},[177,109901,96744],{},[177,109903,109904,109905,109907],{},"Raises ",[15,109906,20088],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109909,109910],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[33,109912,2806],{"id":2805},[38,109914,109916],{"className":40,"code":109915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109917,109918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109919,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109921,16276],{"class":53},[47,109923,110],{"class":61},[47,109925,35203],{"class":113},[47,109927,117],{"class":61},[47,109929,259],{"class":113},[47,109931,132],{"class":61},[174,109933,109934,109938,109943],{},[177,109935,109936,103516],{},[15,109937,16276],{},[177,109939,109940,109942],{},[15,109941,259],{}," is the item to remove",[177,109944,109945],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109947,109948],{},"Here is a small example:",[38,109950,109951],{"className":40,"code":109393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109952,109953,109973,109987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109956,4270],{"class":53},[47,109958,58],{"class":57},[47,109960,1096],{"class":61},[47,109962,917],{"class":349},[47,109964,75],{"class":61},[47,109966,2409],{"class":349},[47,109968,75],{"class":61},[47,109970,2414],{"class":349},[47,109972,421],{"class":61},[47,109974,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,109976,4300],{"class":53},[47,109978,110],{"class":61},[47,109980,35203],{"class":113},[47,109982,117],{"class":61},[47,109984,2705],{"class":349},[47,109986,132],{"class":61},[47,109988,109989,109991,109993,109995],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,109990,139],{"class":138},[47,109992,117],{"class":61},[47,109994,4300],{"class":113},[47,109996,132],{"class":61},[20,109998,109999],{},[278,110000,30435],{},[38,110002,110003],{"className":40,"code":101724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110004,110005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110006,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110008,382],{"class":61},[47,110010,917],{"class":349},[47,110012,75],{"class":61},[47,110014,2414],{"class":349},[47,110016,421],{"class":61},[33,110018,12109],{"id":12108},[38,110020,110022],{"className":40,"code":110021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,110023,110024,110056,110060,110078,110082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110025,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052,110054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110027,36650],{"class":53},[47,110029,58],{"class":57},[47,110031,1096],{"class":61},[47,110033,66],{"class":65},[47,110035,4720],{"class":69},[47,110037,66],{"class":65},[47,110039,75],{"class":61},[47,110041,78],{"class":65},[47,110043,4729],{"class":69},[47,110045,66],{"class":65},[47,110047,75],{"class":61},[47,110049,78],{"class":65},[47,110051,33628],{"class":69},[47,110053,66],{"class":65},[47,110055,421],{"class":61},[47,110057,110058],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110059,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,110061,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,110063,36702],{"class":53},[47,110065,110],{"class":61},[47,110067,35203],{"class":113},[47,110069,117],{"class":61},[47,110071,66],{"class":65},[47,110073,4729],{"class":69},[47,110075,66],{"class":65},[47,110077,132],{"class":61},[47,110079,110080],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,110081,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,110083,110084,110086,110088,110090],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,110085,139],{"class":138},[47,110087,117],{"class":61},[47,110089,36702],{"class":113},[47,110091,132],{"class":61},[20,110093,110094],{},[278,110095,30435],{},[38,110097,110099],{"className":40,"code":110098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,110100,110101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110102,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110104,382],{"class":61},[47,110106,385],{"class":65},[47,110108,4720],{"class":69},[47,110110,385],{"class":65},[47,110112,75],{"class":61},[47,110114,398],{"class":65},[47,110116,33628],{"class":69},[47,110118,385],{"class":65},[47,110120,421],{"class":61},[20,110122,110123,110124,110126],{},"This removes ",[15,110125,65697],{}," from the set.",[20,110128,110129,110130,110132,110133,110],{},"A set does ",[278,110131,1369],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[210,110134,96758],{"href":98309},[33,110136,110138],{"id":110137},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110140,110141,110142,52914,110144,110],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110143,55949],{},[15,110145,20088],{},[38,110147,110149],{"className":40,"code":110148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110150,110151,110183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110152,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179,110181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110154,332],{"class":53},[47,110156,58],{"class":57},[47,110158,1096],{"class":61},[47,110160,66],{"class":65},[47,110162,305],{"class":69},[47,110164,66],{"class":65},[47,110166,75],{"class":61},[47,110168,78],{"class":65},[47,110170,323],{"class":69},[47,110172,66],{"class":65},[47,110174,75],{"class":61},[47,110176,78],{"class":65},[47,110178,314],{"class":69},[47,110180,66],{"class":65},[47,110182,421],{"class":61},[47,110184,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110186,367],{"class":53},[47,110188,110],{"class":61},[47,110190,35203],{"class":113},[47,110192,117],{"class":61},[47,110194,66],{"class":65},[47,110196,22926],{"class":69},[47,110198,66],{"class":65},[47,110200,132],{"class":61},[20,110202,110203],{},[278,110204,110205],{},"Result:",[38,110207,110209],{"className":40,"code":110208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110210,110211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110212,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110214,20088],{"class":106},[47,110216,172],{"class":61},[47,110218,398],{"class":65},[47,110220,22926],{"class":69},[47,110222,30105],{"class":65},[20,110224,22591,110225,110228],{},[15,110226,110227],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110230,110231,110232,110234],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110233,55949],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110236,110237,110238,110],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[210,110239,11897],{"href":11710},[33,110241,4840,110243,110245,110246],{"id":110242},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110244,55949],{}," is different from ",[15,110247,103280],{},[20,110249,110250,5036,110252,110254],{},[15,110251,55949],{},[15,110253,103280],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[244,110256,110257],{"id":35203},[15,110258,55949],{},[174,110260,110261,110264],{},[177,110262,110263],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[177,110265,110266],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[38,110268,110270],{"className":40,"code":110269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110271,110272,110304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110273,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110275,36501],{"class":53},[47,110277,58],{"class":57},[47,110279,1096],{"class":61},[47,110281,66],{"class":65},[47,110283,210],{"class":69},[47,110285,66],{"class":65},[47,110287,75],{"class":61},[47,110289,78],{"class":65},[47,110291,854],{"class":69},[47,110293,66],{"class":65},[47,110295,75],{"class":61},[47,110297,78],{"class":65},[47,110299,863],{"class":69},[47,110301,66],{"class":65},[47,110303,421],{"class":61},[47,110305,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110307,36554],{"class":53},[47,110309,110],{"class":61},[47,110311,35203],{"class":113},[47,110313,117],{"class":61},[47,110315,66],{"class":65},[47,110317,1693],{"class":69},[47,110319,66],{"class":65},[47,110321,132],{"class":61},[20,110323,109080],{},[38,110325,110327],{"className":40,"code":110326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110328,110329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110330,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110332,20088],{"class":106},[47,110334,172],{"class":61},[47,110336,398],{"class":65},[47,110338,1693],{"class":69},[47,110340,30105],{"class":65},[244,110342,110343],{"id":103347},[15,110344,103280],{},[174,110346,110347,110349],{},[177,110348,110263],{},[177,110350,110351],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[38,110353,110355],{"className":40,"code":110354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110356,110357,110389,110407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110358,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110360,36501],{"class":53},[47,110362,58],{"class":57},[47,110364,1096],{"class":61},[47,110366,66],{"class":65},[47,110368,210],{"class":69},[47,110370,66],{"class":65},[47,110372,75],{"class":61},[47,110374,78],{"class":65},[47,110376,854],{"class":69},[47,110378,66],{"class":65},[47,110380,75],{"class":61},[47,110382,78],{"class":65},[47,110384,863],{"class":69},[47,110386,66],{"class":65},[47,110388,421],{"class":61},[47,110390,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110392,36554],{"class":53},[47,110394,110],{"class":61},[47,110396,103347],{"class":113},[47,110398,117],{"class":61},[47,110400,66],{"class":65},[47,110402,1693],{"class":69},[47,110404,66],{"class":65},[47,110406,132],{"class":61},[47,110408,110409,110411,110413,110415],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,110410,139],{"class":138},[47,110412,117],{"class":61},[47,110414,36554],{"class":113},[47,110416,132],{"class":61},[20,110418,110419],{},[278,110420,372],{},[38,110422,110424],{"className":40,"code":110423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110425,110426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110427,110428,110430,110432,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110429,382],{"class":61},[47,110431,385],{"class":65},[47,110433,210],{"class":69},[47,110435,385],{"class":65},[47,110437,75],{"class":61},[47,110439,398],{"class":65},[47,110441,854],{"class":69},[47,110443,385],{"class":65},[47,110445,75],{"class":61},[47,110447,398],{"class":65},[47,110449,863],{"class":69},[47,110451,385],{"class":65},[47,110453,421],{"class":61},[20,110455,1613],{},[174,110457,110458,110463],{},[177,110459,110460,110462],{},[15,110461,55949],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[177,110464,110465,110467],{},[15,110466,103280],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110469,110470,110471,110],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[210,110472,97240,110473,1637],{"href":108883},[15,110474,103280],{},[33,110476,5162],{"id":5161},[244,110478,1968,110480,97620],{"id":110479},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110481,55949],{},[20,110483,110484,110486,110487,110],{},[15,110485,55949],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110488,269],{},[20,110490,17253],{},[38,110492,110494],{"className":40,"code":110493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110495,110496,110528,110550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110497,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524,110526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110499,332],{"class":53},[47,110501,58],{"class":57},[47,110503,1096],{"class":61},[47,110505,66],{"class":65},[47,110507,305],{"class":69},[47,110509,66],{"class":65},[47,110511,75],{"class":61},[47,110513,78],{"class":65},[47,110515,323],{"class":69},[47,110517,66],{"class":65},[47,110519,75],{"class":61},[47,110521,78],{"class":65},[47,110523,314],{"class":69},[47,110525,66],{"class":65},[47,110527,421],{"class":61},[47,110529,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110531,13741],{"class":53},[47,110533,58],{"class":57},[47,110535,13746],{"class":53},[47,110537,110],{"class":61},[47,110539,35203],{"class":113},[47,110541,117],{"class":61},[47,110543,66],{"class":65},[47,110545,323],{"class":69},[47,110547,66],{"class":65},[47,110549,132],{"class":61},[47,110551,110552,110554,110556,110558],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,110553,139],{"class":138},[47,110555,117],{"class":61},[47,110557,13765],{"class":113},[47,110559,132],{"class":61},[20,110561,110562],{},[278,110563,372],{},[38,110565,110566],{"className":40,"code":12438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110567,110568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110569,110570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110571,12438],{"class":559},[20,110573,17265],{},[38,110575,110576],{"className":40,"code":109786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110577,110578,110610,110628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110579,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110581,332],{"class":53},[47,110583,58],{"class":57},[47,110585,1096],{"class":61},[47,110587,66],{"class":65},[47,110589,305],{"class":69},[47,110591,66],{"class":65},[47,110593,75],{"class":61},[47,110595,78],{"class":65},[47,110597,323],{"class":69},[47,110599,66],{"class":65},[47,110601,75],{"class":61},[47,110603,78],{"class":65},[47,110605,314],{"class":69},[47,110607,66],{"class":65},[47,110609,421],{"class":61},[47,110611,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110613,367],{"class":53},[47,110615,110],{"class":61},[47,110617,35203],{"class":113},[47,110619,117],{"class":61},[47,110621,66],{"class":65},[47,110623,323],{"class":69},[47,110625,66],{"class":65},[47,110627,132],{"class":61},[47,110629,110630,110632,110634,110636],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,110631,139],{"class":138},[47,110633,117],{"class":61},[47,110635,367],{"class":113},[47,110637,132],{"class":61},[244,110639,110641],{"id":110640},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110643,110644,110645,110],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110646,20088],{},[38,110648,110650],{"className":40,"code":110649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110651,110652,110676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110653,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110655,332],{"class":53},[47,110657,58],{"class":57},[47,110659,1096],{"class":61},[47,110661,66],{"class":65},[47,110663,305],{"class":69},[47,110665,66],{"class":65},[47,110667,75],{"class":61},[47,110669,78],{"class":65},[47,110671,323],{"class":69},[47,110673,66],{"class":65},[47,110675,421],{"class":61},[47,110677,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110679,367],{"class":53},[47,110681,110],{"class":61},[47,110683,35203],{"class":113},[47,110685,117],{"class":61},[47,110687,66],{"class":65},[47,110689,314],{"class":69},[47,110691,66],{"class":65},[47,110693,132],{"class":61},[20,110695,110696,110697,172],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110698,1114],{},[38,110700,110702],{"className":40,"code":110701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110703,110704,110728,110732,110748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110705,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110707,332],{"class":53},[47,110709,58],{"class":57},[47,110711,1096],{"class":61},[47,110713,66],{"class":65},[47,110715,305],{"class":69},[47,110717,66],{"class":65},[47,110719,75],{"class":61},[47,110721,78],{"class":65},[47,110723,323],{"class":69},[47,110725,66],{"class":65},[47,110727,421],{"class":61},[47,110729,110730],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110731,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,110733,110734,110736,110738,110740,110742,110744,110746],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,110735,7642],{"class":1107},[47,110737,78],{"class":65},[47,110739,314],{"class":69},[47,110741,66],{"class":65},[47,110743,21575],{"class":57},[47,110745,13746],{"class":53},[47,110747,7038],{"class":61},[47,110749,110750,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,110751,110752],{"class":53},"    colors",[47,110754,110],{"class":61},[47,110756,35203],{"class":113},[47,110758,117],{"class":61},[47,110760,66],{"class":65},[47,110762,314],{"class":69},[47,110764,66],{"class":65},[47,110766,132],{"class":61},[20,110768,110769,110770,110774],{},"Or use ",[210,110771,110772],{"href":108883},[15,110773,103280],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[244,110776,37616,110778,9350,110780],{"id":110777},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110779,103294],{},[15,110781,55495],{},[20,110783,110784],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110786,110787,110788,110790],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110789,103294],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110792,110793,110794,110],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[210,110795,99504],{"href":99503},[244,110797,110799],{"id":110798},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110801,108789],{},[20,110803,110804],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[33,110806,2429],{"id":2428},[244,110808,2433,110810,97719],{"id":110809},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110811,103294],{},[20,110813,110814,110815,110],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110816,269],{},[244,110818,30693,110820,110822],{"id":110819},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110821,103294],{}," raise?",[20,110824,30699,110825,110827],{},[15,110826,20088],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[244,110829,21822,110831,3530,110833,3143],{"id":110830},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110832,55949],{},[15,110834,103280],{},[20,110836,156,110837,110839,110840,110842],{},[15,110838,55949],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110841,103280],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[244,110844,5813,110846,110848],{"id":110845},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110847,103294],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110850,110851],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[33,110853,2526],{"id":2525},[174,110855,110856,110862,110868,110872,110876],{},[177,110857,110858],{},[210,110859,97240,110860,1637],{"href":108883},[15,110861,103280],{},[177,110863,110864],{},[210,110865,97240,110866,1637],{"href":98640},[15,110867,13391],{},[177,110869,110870],{},[210,110871,97764],{"href":98309},[177,110873,110874],{},[210,110875,100770],{"href":99503},[177,110877,110878],{},[210,110879,11897],{"href":11710},[2563,110881,110882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":110884},[110885,110886,110888,110889,110890,110891,110896,110904,110914],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":109886,"depth":98,"text":110887},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":110137,"depth":98,"text":110138},{"id":110242,"depth":98,"text":110892,"children":110893},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110894,110895],{"id":35203,"depth":135,"text":55949},{"id":103347,"depth":135,"text":103280},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":110897},[110898,110900,110901,110903],{"id":110479,"depth":135,"text":110899},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110640,"depth":135,"text":110641},{"id":110777,"depth":135,"text":110902},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110798,"depth":135,"text":110799},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":110905},[110906,110908,110910,110912],{"id":110809,"depth":135,"text":110907},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110819,"depth":135,"text":110909},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110830,"depth":135,"text":110911},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110845,"depth":135,"text":110913},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109760,"description":110915},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110922,"title":110923,"body":110924,"description":112297,"extension":2611,"meta":112298,"navigation":357,"path":112299,"seo":112300,"stem":112301,"__hash__":112302},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110925,"toc":112272},[110926,110932,110938,110941,110944,110958,110960,111041,111044,111049,111053,111067,111074,111076,111095,111098,111116,111118,111198,111200,111225,111229,111232,111240,111245,111250,111252,111265,111270,111273,111297,111300,111308,111310,111313,111410,111412,111445,111447,111473,111480,111483,111487,111495,111499,111507,111509,111599,111601,111615,111622,111627,111632,111634,111725,111727,111739,111741,111755,111761,111769,111771,111853,111855,111900,111903,111911,111914,111916,111920,111963,111965,111985,111990,111992,112077,112079,112084,112086,112093,112101,112107,112110,112112,112198,112200,112224,112228,112231,112233,112260,112270],[10,110927,96626,110929,18],{"id":110928},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110930,110931],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110933,110934,110937],{},[15,110935,110936],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110939,110940],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110942,110943],{},"Use it when:",[174,110945,110946,110949,110955],{},[177,110947,110948],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[177,110950,110951,110952,110954],{},"you do ",[278,110953,1369],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[177,110956,110957],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[33,110959,4260],{"id":4259},[38,110961,110963],{"className":40,"code":110962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110964,110965,110985,111005,111009,111028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110966,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110968,3206],{"class":53},[47,110970,58],{"class":57},[47,110972,1096],{"class":61},[47,110974,917],{"class":349},[47,110976,75],{"class":61},[47,110978,2409],{"class":349},[47,110980,75],{"class":61},[47,110982,2414],{"class":349},[47,110984,421],{"class":61},[47,110986,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,110988,3234],{"class":53},[47,110990,58],{"class":57},[47,110992,1096],{"class":61},[47,110994,2711],{"class":349},[47,110996,75],{"class":61},[47,110998,3108],{"class":349},[47,111000,75],{"class":61},[47,111002,5249],{"class":349},[47,111004,421],{"class":61},[47,111006,111007],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,111008,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,111010,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111022,111024,111026],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,111012,2879],{"class":53},[47,111014,58],{"class":57},[47,111016,57308],{"class":53},[47,111018,110],{"class":61},[47,111020,111021],{"class":113},"symmetric_difference",[47,111023,117],{"class":61},[47,111025,854],{"class":113},[47,111027,132],{"class":61},[47,111029,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,111031,139],{"class":138},[47,111033,117],{"class":61},[47,111035,2914],{"class":113},[47,111037,4313],{"class":61},[47,111039,111040],{"class":152},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,111042,111043],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[33,111045,164,111047,167],{"id":111046},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,111048,110931],{},[20,111050,111051,172],{},[15,111052,110936],{},[174,111054,111055,111058,111061,111064],{},[177,111056,111057],{},"returns a new set",[177,111059,111060],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[177,111062,111063],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[177,111065,111066],{},"does not change the original set",[20,111068,96750,111069,3530,111071,110],{},[210,111070,96754],{"href":96753},[210,111072,111073],{"href":96757},"creating a set in Python",[33,111075,2806],{"id":2805},[38,111077,111079],{"className":40,"code":111078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,111080,111081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111082,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111084,101011],{"class":53},[47,111086,110],{"class":61},[47,111088,111021],{"class":113},[47,111090,117],{"class":61},[47,111092,101020],{"class":113},[47,111094,132],{"class":61},[20,111096,111097],{},"Notes:",[174,111099,111100,111105,111110,111113],{},[177,111101,111102,111104],{},[15,111103,101011],{}," must be a set",[177,111106,111107,111109],{},[15,111108,101020],{}," can be any iterable",[177,111111,111112],{},"the result is always a set",[177,111114,111115],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,111117,603],{},[38,111119,111121],{"className":40,"code":111120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111122,111123,111144,111165,111169,111188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111124,111125,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111126,111127],{"class":53},"set1 ",[47,111129,58],{"class":57},[47,111131,1096],{"class":61},[47,111133,917],{"class":349},[47,111135,75],{"class":61},[47,111137,2409],{"class":349},[47,111139,75],{"class":61},[47,111141,2414],{"class":349},[47,111143,421],{"class":61},[47,111145,111146,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,111147,111148],{"class":53},"set2 ",[47,111150,58],{"class":57},[47,111152,1096],{"class":61},[47,111154,2711],{"class":349},[47,111156,75],{"class":61},[47,111158,3108],{"class":349},[47,111160,75],{"class":61},[47,111162,5249],{"class":349},[47,111164,421],{"class":61},[47,111166,111167],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,111168,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,111170,111171,111173,111175,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,111172,2879],{"class":53},[47,111174,58],{"class":57},[47,111176,111177],{"class":53}," set1",[47,111179,110],{"class":61},[47,111181,111021],{"class":113},[47,111183,117],{"class":61},[47,111185,101020],{"class":113},[47,111187,132],{"class":61},[47,111189,111190,111192,111194,111196],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,111191,139],{"class":138},[47,111193,117],{"class":61},[47,111195,2914],{"class":113},[47,111197,132],{"class":61},[20,111199,372],{},[38,111201,111203],{"className":40,"code":111202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111204,111205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111206,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111208,382],{"class":61},[47,111210,917],{"class":349},[47,111212,75],{"class":61},[47,111214,2409],{"class":349},[47,111216,75],{"class":61},[47,111218,3108],{"class":349},[47,111220,75],{"class":61},[47,111222,5249],{"class":349},[47,111224,421],{"class":61},[33,111226,111228],{"id":111227},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111230,111231],{},"The result includes:",[174,111233,111234,111237],{},[177,111235,111236],{},"items only in the first set",[177,111238,111239],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111241,111242,111243,11719],{},"The result does ",[278,111244,1369],{},[174,111246,111247],{},[177,111248,111249],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111251,6117],{},[174,111253,111254,111259],{},[177,111255,111256,111257],{},"first set: ",[15,111258,100708],{},[177,111260,111261,111262],{},"second set: ",[15,111263,111264],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111266,4690,111267,111269],{},[15,111268,2711],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111271,111272],{},"The output is:",[38,111274,111275],{"className":40,"code":111202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,111276,111277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111278,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111280,382],{"class":61},[47,111282,917],{"class":349},[47,111284,75],{"class":61},[47,111286,2409],{"class":349},[47,111288,75],{"class":61},[47,111290,3108],{"class":349},[47,111292,75],{"class":61},[47,111294,5249],{"class":349},[47,111296,421],{"class":61},[20,111298,111299],{},"Also remember:",[174,111301,111302,111305],{},[177,111303,111304],{},"sets are unordered",[177,111306,111307],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[33,111309,12109],{"id":12108},[20,111311,111312],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[38,111314,111316],{"className":40,"code":111315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111317,111318,111350,111374,111378,111396,111400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111319,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111321,107451],{"class":53},[47,111323,58],{"class":57},[47,111325,1096],{"class":61},[47,111327,66],{"class":65},[47,111329,305],{"class":69},[47,111331,66],{"class":65},[47,111333,75],{"class":61},[47,111335,78],{"class":65},[47,111337,323],{"class":69},[47,111339,66],{"class":65},[47,111341,75],{"class":61},[47,111343,78],{"class":65},[47,111345,314],{"class":69},[47,111347,66],{"class":65},[47,111349,421],{"class":61},[47,111351,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,111353,107484],{"class":53},[47,111355,58],{"class":57},[47,111357,1096],{"class":61},[47,111359,66],{"class":65},[47,111361,314],{"class":69},[47,111363,66],{"class":65},[47,111365,75],{"class":61},[47,111367,78],{"class":65},[47,111369,22926],{"class":69},[47,111371,66],{"class":65},[47,111373,421],{"class":61},[47,111375,111376],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,111377,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,111381,2879],{"class":53},[47,111383,58],{"class":57},[47,111385,107526],{"class":53},[47,111387,110],{"class":61},[47,111389,111021],{"class":113},[47,111391,117],{"class":61},[47,111393,107535],{"class":113},[47,111395,132],{"class":61},[47,111397,111398],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,111399,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,111401,111402,111404,111406,111408],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,111403,139],{"class":138},[47,111405,117],{"class":61},[47,111407,2914],{"class":113},[47,111409,132],{"class":61},[20,111411,372],{},[38,111413,111415],{"className":40,"code":111414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111416,111417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111418,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437,111439,111441,111443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111420,382],{"class":61},[47,111422,385],{"class":65},[47,111424,305],{"class":69},[47,111426,385],{"class":65},[47,111428,75],{"class":61},[47,111430,398],{"class":65},[47,111432,323],{"class":69},[47,111434,385],{"class":65},[47,111436,75],{"class":61},[47,111438,398],{"class":65},[47,111440,22926],{"class":69},[47,111442,385],{"class":65},[47,111444,421],{"class":61},[20,111446,14029],{},[174,111448,111449,111454,111465],{},[177,111450,111451,111453],{},[15,111452,96919],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[177,111455,111456,5036,111458,111461,111462,111464],{},[15,111457,65815],{},[15,111459,111460],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111463,107588],{},", so they stay",[177,111466,111467,111469,111470,111472],{},[15,111468,110227],{}," is only in ",[15,111471,107535],{},", so it stays",[33,111474,111476,11222,111478],{"id":111475},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111477,110931],{},[15,111479,100840],{},[20,111481,111482],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111484,111485,172],{},[15,111486,100840],{},[174,111488,111489,111492],{},[177,111490,111491],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[177,111493,111494],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111496,111497,172],{},[15,111498,110931],{},[174,111500,111501,111504],{},[177,111502,111503],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[177,111505,111506],{},"removes shared items",[20,111508,603],{},[38,111510,111512],{"className":40,"code":111511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111513,111514,111534,111554,111558,111579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111515,111516,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111517,3206],{"class":53},[47,111519,58],{"class":57},[47,111521,1096],{"class":61},[47,111523,917],{"class":349},[47,111525,75],{"class":61},[47,111527,2409],{"class":349},[47,111529,75],{"class":61},[47,111531,2414],{"class":349},[47,111533,421],{"class":61},[47,111535,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,111537,3234],{"class":53},[47,111539,58],{"class":57},[47,111541,1096],{"class":61},[47,111543,2711],{"class":349},[47,111545,75],{"class":61},[47,111547,3108],{"class":349},[47,111549,75],{"class":61},[47,111551,5249],{"class":349},[47,111553,421],{"class":61},[47,111555,111556],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,111557,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,111559,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,111561,139],{"class":138},[47,111563,117],{"class":61},[47,111565,210],{"class":113},[47,111567,110],{"class":61},[47,111569,3464],{"class":113},[47,111571,117],{"class":61},[47,111573,854],{"class":113},[47,111575,6006],{"class":61},[47,111577,111578],{"class":152},"            # {1, 2}\n",[47,111580,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,111582,139],{"class":138},[47,111584,117],{"class":61},[47,111586,210],{"class":113},[47,111588,110],{"class":61},[47,111590,111021],{"class":113},[47,111592,117],{"class":61},[47,111594,854],{"class":113},[47,111596,6006],{"class":61},[47,111598,111040],{"class":152},[20,111600,1613],{},[174,111602,111603,111610],{},[177,111604,111605,111609],{},[210,111606,111607],{"href":103266},[15,111608,100840],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[177,111611,111612,111614],{},[15,111613,110931],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[33,111616,111618,11222,111620],{"id":111617},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111619,110931],{},[15,111621,103225],{},[20,111623,111624,111626],{},[15,111625,103225],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111628,111629,111631],{},[15,111630,110931],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111633,603],{},[38,111635,111637],{"className":40,"code":111636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111638,111639,111659,111679,111683,111705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111640,111641,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111642,3206],{"class":53},[47,111644,58],{"class":57},[47,111646,1096],{"class":61},[47,111648,917],{"class":349},[47,111650,75],{"class":61},[47,111652,2409],{"class":349},[47,111654,75],{"class":61},[47,111656,2414],{"class":349},[47,111658,421],{"class":61},[47,111660,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,111662,3234],{"class":53},[47,111664,58],{"class":57},[47,111666,1096],{"class":61},[47,111668,2711],{"class":349},[47,111670,75],{"class":61},[47,111672,3108],{"class":349},[47,111674,75],{"class":61},[47,111676,5249],{"class":349},[47,111678,421],{"class":61},[47,111680,111681],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,111682,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,111684,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111696,111698,111700,111702],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,111686,139],{"class":138},[47,111688,117],{"class":61},[47,111690,210],{"class":113},[47,111692,110],{"class":61},[47,111694,111695],{"class":113},"union",[47,111697,117],{"class":61},[47,111699,854],{"class":113},[47,111701,6006],{"class":61},[47,111703,111704],{"class":152},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[47,111706,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,111708,139],{"class":138},[47,111710,117],{"class":61},[47,111712,210],{"class":113},[47,111714,110],{"class":61},[47,111716,111021],{"class":113},[47,111718,117],{"class":61},[47,111720,854],{"class":113},[47,111722,6006],{"class":61},[47,111724,111040],{"class":152},[20,111726,27625],{},[174,111728,111729,111734],{},[177,111730,111731,111733],{},[15,111732,103225],{}," includes everything",[177,111735,111736,111738],{},[15,111737,110931],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111740,1613],{},[174,111742,111743,111750],{},[177,111744,111745,111749],{},[210,111746,111747],{"href":108156},[15,111748,103225],{}," when overlap does not matter",[177,111751,111752,111754],{},[15,111753,110931],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[33,111756,37024,111758,102024],{"id":111757},"using-the-operator",[15,111759,111760],{},"^",[20,111762,111763,111764,111766,111767,110],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111765,111760],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111768,110931],{},[20,111770,603],{},[38,111772,111774],{"className":40,"code":111773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111775,111776,111796,111816,111820,111838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111777,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111779,111127],{"class":53},[47,111781,58],{"class":57},[47,111783,1096],{"class":61},[47,111785,917],{"class":349},[47,111787,75],{"class":61},[47,111789,2409],{"class":349},[47,111791,75],{"class":61},[47,111793,2414],{"class":349},[47,111795,421],{"class":61},[47,111797,111798,111800,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,111799,111148],{"class":53},[47,111801,58],{"class":57},[47,111803,1096],{"class":61},[47,111805,2711],{"class":349},[47,111807,75],{"class":61},[47,111809,3108],{"class":349},[47,111811,75],{"class":61},[47,111813,5249],{"class":349},[47,111815,421],{"class":61},[47,111817,111818],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,111819,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,111821,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,111823,139],{"class":138},[47,111825,117],{"class":61},[47,111827,101011],{"class":113},[47,111829,110],{"class":61},[47,111831,111021],{"class":113},[47,111833,117],{"class":61},[47,111835,101020],{"class":113},[47,111837,2266],{"class":61},[47,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111851],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,111841,139],{"class":138},[47,111843,117],{"class":61},[47,111845,111127],{"class":113},[47,111847,111760],{"class":57},[47,111849,111850],{"class":113}," set2",[47,111852,132],{"class":61},[20,111854,30435],{},[38,111856,111858],{"className":40,"code":111857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111859,111860,111880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111861,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111863,382],{"class":61},[47,111865,917],{"class":349},[47,111867,75],{"class":61},[47,111869,2409],{"class":349},[47,111871,75],{"class":61},[47,111873,3108],{"class":349},[47,111875,75],{"class":61},[47,111877,5249],{"class":349},[47,111879,421],{"class":61},[47,111881,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896,111898],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,111883,382],{"class":61},[47,111885,917],{"class":349},[47,111887,75],{"class":61},[47,111889,2409],{"class":349},[47,111891,75],{"class":61},[47,111893,3108],{"class":349},[47,111895,75],{"class":61},[47,111897,5249],{"class":349},[47,111899,421],{"class":61},[20,111901,111902],{},"Both forms:",[174,111904,111905,111908],{},[177,111906,111907],{},"return a new set",[177,111909,111910],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111912,111913],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[33,111915,5162],{"id":5161},[20,111917,21613,111918,172],{},[15,111919,110931],{},[174,111921,111922,111930,111940,111955],{},[177,111923,111924,111927,111929],{},[278,111925,111926],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10484,111928],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[177,111931,111932,111935,111937,111939],{},[278,111933,111934],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10484,111936],{},[15,111938,110931],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[177,111941,111942,111947,111949,111951,111952,111954],{},[278,111943,111944,111945],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111946,100840],{},[10484,111948],{},[15,111950,100840],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111953,110931],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[177,111956,111957,111960,111962],{},[278,111958,111959],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10484,111961],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111964,59283],{},[174,111966,111967,111976,111979,111982],{},[177,111968,50910,111969,45046,111971,111975],{},[15,111970,110931],{},[210,111972,111973],{"href":108156},[15,111974,103225],{}," is actually needed",[177,111977,111978],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[177,111980,111981],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[177,111983,111984],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111986,111987,111988,110],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[210,111989,99504],{"href":105769},[20,111991,62717],{},[38,111993,111995],{"className":40,"code":111994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111996,111997,112007,112017,112035,112049,112063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111998,111999,112001,112003,112005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112000,139],{"class":138},[47,112002,117],{"class":61},[47,112004,101011],{"class":113},[47,112006,132],{"class":61},[47,112008,112009,112011,112013,112015],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112010,139],{"class":138},[47,112012,117],{"class":61},[47,112014,101020],{"class":113},[47,112016,132],{"class":61},[47,112018,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,112020,139],{"class":138},[47,112022,117],{"class":61},[47,112024,101011],{"class":113},[47,112026,110],{"class":61},[47,112028,111021],{"class":113},[47,112030,117],{"class":61},[47,112032,101020],{"class":113},[47,112034,2266],{"class":61},[47,112036,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,112038,139],{"class":138},[47,112040,117],{"class":61},[47,112042,111127],{"class":113},[47,112044,111760],{"class":57},[47,112046,111850],{"class":113},[47,112048,132],{"class":61},[47,112050,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,112052,139],{"class":138},[47,112054,117],{"class":61},[47,112056,2392],{"class":106},[47,112058,117],{"class":61},[47,112060,101011],{"class":113},[47,112062,2266],{"class":61},[47,112064,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,112066,139],{"class":138},[47,112068,117],{"class":61},[47,112070,2392],{"class":106},[47,112072,117],{"class":61},[47,112074,101020],{"class":113},[47,112076,2266],{"class":61},[33,112078,2429],{"id":2428},[244,112080,2433,112082,103165],{"id":112081},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,112083,110931],{},[20,112085,103168],{},[244,112087,5823,112089,5036,112091,3143],{"id":112088},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,112090,110931],{},[15,112092,100840],{},[20,112094,112095,112097,112098,112100],{},[15,112096,100840],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,112099,110931],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[244,112102,28733,112104,112106],{"id":112103},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,112105,110931],{}," with lists?",[20,112108,112109],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,112111,603],{},[38,112113,112115],{"className":40,"code":112114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,112116,112117,112137,112157,112161,112188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112118,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112120,81081],{"class":53},[47,112122,58],{"class":57},[47,112124,62],{"class":61},[47,112126,917],{"class":349},[47,112128,75],{"class":61},[47,112130,2409],{"class":349},[47,112132,75],{"class":61},[47,112134,2414],{"class":349},[47,112136,95],{"class":61},[47,112138,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112140,81102],{"class":53},[47,112142,58],{"class":57},[47,112144,62],{"class":61},[47,112146,2711],{"class":349},[47,112148,75],{"class":61},[47,112150,3108],{"class":349},[47,112152,75],{"class":61},[47,112154,5249],{"class":349},[47,112156,95],{"class":61},[47,112158,112159],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,112160,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112162,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,112164,2879],{"class":53},[47,112166,58],{"class":57},[47,112168,16243],{"class":106},[47,112170,117],{"class":61},[47,112172,112173],{"class":113},"list1",[47,112175,9276],{"class":61},[47,112177,111021],{"class":113},[47,112179,117],{"class":61},[47,112181,6931],{"class":106},[47,112183,117],{"class":61},[47,112185,81368],{"class":113},[47,112187,2266],{"class":61},[47,112189,112190,112192,112194,112196],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,112191,139],{"class":138},[47,112193,117],{"class":61},[47,112195,2914],{"class":113},[47,112197,132],{"class":61},[20,112199,372],{},[38,112201,112202],{"className":40,"code":111202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112203,112204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112205,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112207,382],{"class":61},[47,112209,917],{"class":349},[47,112211,75],{"class":61},[47,112213,2409],{"class":349},[47,112215,75],{"class":61},[47,112217,3108],{"class":349},[47,112219,75],{"class":61},[47,112221,5249],{"class":349},[47,112223,421],{"class":61},[244,112225,112227],{"id":112226},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112229,112230],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[33,112232,2526],{"id":2525},[174,112234,112235,112239,112244,112250,112256],{},[177,112236,112237],{},[210,112238,96754],{"href":96753},[177,112240,112241],{},[210,112242,112243],{"href":96757},"Creating a set in Python",[177,112245,112246],{},[210,112247,97240,112248,1637],{"href":103266},[15,112249,100840],{},[177,112251,112252],{},[210,112253,97240,112254,1637],{"href":108156},[15,112255,103225],{},[177,112257,112258],{},[210,112259,100770],{"href":105769},[20,112261,112262,112263,2838,112265,17681,112267,112269],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112264,100840],{},[15,112266,103225],{},[15,112268,110931],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2563,112271,57662],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":112273},[112274,112275,112277,112278,112279,112280,112282,112284,112286,112287,112296],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":111046,"depth":98,"text":112276},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":111227,"depth":98,"text":111228},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":111475,"depth":98,"text":112281},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111617,"depth":98,"text":112283},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111757,"depth":98,"text":112285},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":112288},[112289,112291,112293,112295],{"id":112081,"depth":135,"text":112290},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112088,"depth":135,"text":112292},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112103,"depth":135,"text":112294},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112226,"depth":135,"text":112227},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110923,"description":112297},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112304,"title":112305,"body":112306,"description":114369,"extension":2611,"meta":114370,"navigation":357,"path":108156,"seo":114371,"stem":114372,"__hash__":114373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112307,"toc":114328},[112308,112313,112318,112321,112334,112336,112418,112423,112428,112432,112444,112447,112451,112453,112480,112482,112493,112496,112565,112567,112573,112576,112586,112588,112677,112682,112684,112691,112694,112696,112699,112819,112821,112890,112893,112910,112915,112918,113034,113036,113065,113068,113074,113079,113083,113164,113166,113194,113199,113203,113298,113300,113341,113345,113348,113415,113417,113458,113464,113479,113486,113493,113497,113503,113589,113593,113601,113672,113677,113684,113686,113692,113694,113759,113761,113777,113782,113785,113854,113858,113861,113920,113923,113927,113980,113993,113996,114049,114053,114055,114086,114089,114094,114147,114151,114154,114175,114187,114189,114242,114244,114249,114251,114257,114260,114266,114271,114275,114278,114286,114295,114297,114325],[10,112309,4226,112311,18],{"id":112310},"python-setunion-method",[15,112312,108469],{},[20,112314,112315,112317],{},[15,112316,108469],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112319,112320],{},"It is useful when you want:",[174,112322,112323,112326,112331],{},[177,112324,112325],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[177,112327,3206,112328,112330],{},[278,112329,101195],{}," as the result",[177,112332,112333],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[33,112335,36],{"id":35},[38,112337,112339],{"className":40,"code":112338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112340,112341,112361,112381,112385,112403,112413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112342,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112344,111127],{"class":53},[47,112346,58],{"class":57},[47,112348,1096],{"class":61},[47,112350,917],{"class":349},[47,112352,75],{"class":61},[47,112354,2409],{"class":349},[47,112356,75],{"class":61},[47,112358,2414],{"class":349},[47,112360,421],{"class":61},[47,112362,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112364,111148],{"class":53},[47,112366,58],{"class":57},[47,112368,1096],{"class":61},[47,112370,2711],{"class":349},[47,112372,75],{"class":61},[47,112374,3108],{"class":349},[47,112376,75],{"class":61},[47,112378,5249],{"class":349},[47,112380,421],{"class":61},[47,112382,112383],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,112384,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112386,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,112388,2879],{"class":53},[47,112390,58],{"class":57},[47,112392,111177],{"class":53},[47,112394,110],{"class":61},[47,112396,111695],{"class":113},[47,112398,117],{"class":61},[47,112400,101020],{"class":113},[47,112402,132],{"class":61},[47,112404,112405,112407,112409,112411],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,112406,139],{"class":138},[47,112408,117],{"class":61},[47,112410,2914],{"class":113},[47,112412,132],{"class":61},[47,112414,112415],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,112416,112417],{"class":152},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112419,112420,112422],{},[15,112421,103225],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[33,112424,164,112426,167],{"id":112425},"what-setunion-does",[15,112427,108469],{},[20,112429,112430,172],{},[15,112431,108469],{},[174,112433,112434,112437,112440,112442],{},[177,112435,112436],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[177,112438,112439],{},"keeps only unique values",[177,112441,111057],{},[177,112443,111066],{},[20,112445,112446],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112448,96750,112449,110],{},[210,112450,96754],{"href":97925},[33,112452,2806],{"id":2805},[38,112454,112456],{"className":40,"code":112455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112457,112458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112459,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112461,101011],{"class":53},[47,112463,110],{"class":61},[47,112465,111695],{"class":113},[47,112467,117],{"class":61},[47,112469,101020],{"class":113},[47,112471,75],{"class":61},[47,112473,101047],{"class":113},[47,112475,75],{"class":61},[47,112477,34862],{"class":138},[47,112479,132],{"class":61},[20,112481,13677],{},[174,112483,112484,112487,112490],{},[177,112485,112486],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[177,112488,112489],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[177,112491,112492],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112494,112495],{},"Example with two sets:",[38,112497,112499],{"className":40,"code":112498,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112500,112501,112517,112533,112537,112555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112502,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112504,3206],{"class":53},[47,112506,58],{"class":57},[47,112508,1096],{"class":61},[47,112510,917],{"class":349},[47,112512,75],{"class":61},[47,112514,2409],{"class":349},[47,112516,421],{"class":61},[47,112518,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112520,3234],{"class":53},[47,112522,58],{"class":57},[47,112524,1096],{"class":61},[47,112526,2705],{"class":349},[47,112528,75],{"class":61},[47,112530,2414],{"class":349},[47,112532,421],{"class":61},[47,112534,112535],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,112536,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112538,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,112540,2879],{"class":53},[47,112542,58],{"class":57},[47,112544,57308],{"class":53},[47,112546,110],{"class":61},[47,112548,111695],{"class":113},[47,112550,117],{"class":61},[47,112552,854],{"class":113},[47,112554,132],{"class":61},[47,112556,112557,112559,112561,112563],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,112558,139],{"class":138},[47,112560,117],{"class":61},[47,112562,2914],{"class":113},[47,112564,132],{"class":61},[33,112566,22372],{"id":22371},[20,112568,112569,101192,112571,110],{},[15,112570,108469],{},[278,112572,101195],{},[20,112574,112575],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[174,112577,112578,112581],{},[177,112579,112580],{},"the original set",[177,112582,112583,112584],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112585,103225],{},[20,112587,603],{},[38,112589,112591],{"className":40,"code":112590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112592,112593,112609,112625,112629,112647,112651,112664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112594,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112596,3206],{"class":53},[47,112598,58],{"class":57},[47,112600,1096],{"class":61},[47,112602,917],{"class":349},[47,112604,75],{"class":61},[47,112606,2409],{"class":349},[47,112608,421],{"class":61},[47,112610,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112612,3234],{"class":53},[47,112614,58],{"class":57},[47,112616,1096],{"class":61},[47,112618,2705],{"class":349},[47,112620,75],{"class":61},[47,112622,2414],{"class":349},[47,112624,421],{"class":61},[47,112626,112627],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,112628,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,112632,2879],{"class":53},[47,112634,58],{"class":57},[47,112636,57308],{"class":53},[47,112638,110],{"class":61},[47,112640,111695],{"class":113},[47,112642,117],{"class":61},[47,112644,854],{"class":113},[47,112646,132],{"class":61},[47,112648,112649],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,112650,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112652,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,112654,139],{"class":138},[47,112656,117],{"class":61},[47,112658,2914],{"class":113},[47,112660,4313],{"class":61},[47,112662,112663],{"class":152},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,112665,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,112667,139],{"class":138},[47,112669,117],{"class":61},[47,112671,210],{"class":113},[47,112673,4313],{"class":61},[47,112675,112676],{"class":152},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112678,2936,112679,112681],{},[15,112680,210],{}," did not change.",[20,112683,111299],{},[174,112685,112686,112688],{},[177,112687,111304],{},[177,112689,112690],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112692,112693],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[33,112695,12109],{"id":12108},[20,112697,112698],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[38,112700,112702],{"className":40,"code":112701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112703,112704,112737,112770,112774,112794,112798,112808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112705,112706,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112707,112708],{"class":53},"fruits1 ",[47,112710,58],{"class":57},[47,112712,1096],{"class":61},[47,112714,66],{"class":65},[47,112716,4720],{"class":69},[47,112718,66],{"class":65},[47,112720,75],{"class":61},[47,112722,78],{"class":65},[47,112724,4729],{"class":69},[47,112726,66],{"class":65},[47,112728,75],{"class":61},[47,112730,78],{"class":65},[47,112732,33628],{"class":69},[47,112734,66],{"class":65},[47,112736,421],{"class":61},[47,112738,112739,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112740,112741],{"class":53},"fruits2 ",[47,112743,58],{"class":57},[47,112745,1096],{"class":61},[47,112747,66],{"class":65},[47,112749,4729],{"class":69},[47,112751,66],{"class":65},[47,112753,75],{"class":61},[47,112755,78],{"class":65},[47,112757,22935],{"class":69},[47,112759,66],{"class":65},[47,112761,75],{"class":61},[47,112763,78],{"class":65},[47,112765,33628],{"class":69},[47,112767,66],{"class":65},[47,112769,421],{"class":61},[47,112771,112772],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,112773,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112775,112776,112778,112780,112783,112785,112787,112789,112792],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,112777,2879],{"class":53},[47,112779,58],{"class":57},[47,112781,112782],{"class":53}," fruits1",[47,112784,110],{"class":61},[47,112786,111695],{"class":113},[47,112788,117],{"class":61},[47,112790,112791],{"class":113},"fruits2",[47,112793,132],{"class":61},[47,112795,112796],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,112797,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112799,112800,112802,112804,112806],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,112801,139],{"class":138},[47,112803,117],{"class":61},[47,112805,2914],{"class":113},[47,112807,132],{"class":61},[47,112809,112810,112812,112814,112817],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,112811,139],{"class":138},[47,112813,117],{"class":61},[47,112815,112816],{"class":113},"fruits1",[47,112818,132],{"class":61},[20,112820,30435],{},[38,112822,112824],{"className":40,"code":112823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112825,112826,112862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112827,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112829,382],{"class":61},[47,112831,385],{"class":65},[47,112833,4729],{"class":69},[47,112835,385],{"class":65},[47,112837,75],{"class":61},[47,112839,398],{"class":65},[47,112841,33628],{"class":69},[47,112843,385],{"class":65},[47,112845,75],{"class":61},[47,112847,398],{"class":65},[47,112849,4720],{"class":69},[47,112851,385],{"class":65},[47,112853,75],{"class":61},[47,112855,398],{"class":65},[47,112857,22935],{"class":69},[47,112859,385],{"class":65},[47,112861,421],{"class":61},[47,112863,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112865,382],{"class":61},[47,112867,385],{"class":65},[47,112869,4729],{"class":69},[47,112871,385],{"class":65},[47,112873,75],{"class":61},[47,112875,398],{"class":65},[47,112877,33628],{"class":69},[47,112879,385],{"class":65},[47,112881,75],{"class":61},[47,112883,398],{"class":65},[47,112885,4720],{"class":69},[47,112887,385],{"class":65},[47,112889,421],{"class":61},[20,112891,112892],{},"What this shows:",[174,112894,112895,112902,112905],{},[177,112896,112897,5036,112899,112901],{},[15,112898,65697],{},[15,112900,66124],{}," appear in both sets",[177,112903,112904],{},"they appear only once in the result",[177,112906,112907,112909],{},[15,112908,112816],{}," stays unchanged",[33,112911,453,112913,101584],{"id":112912},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112914,103225],{},[20,112916,112917],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[38,112919,112921],{"className":40,"code":112920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112922,112923,112939,112955,112972,112989,112993,113020,113024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112924,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112926,111127],{"class":53},[47,112928,58],{"class":57},[47,112930,1096],{"class":61},[47,112932,917],{"class":349},[47,112934,75],{"class":61},[47,112936,2409],{"class":349},[47,112938,421],{"class":61},[47,112940,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,112942,111148],{"class":53},[47,112944,58],{"class":57},[47,112946,1096],{"class":61},[47,112948,2705],{"class":349},[47,112950,75],{"class":61},[47,112952,2414],{"class":349},[47,112954,421],{"class":61},[47,112956,112957,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,112958,112959],{"class":53},"set3 ",[47,112961,58],{"class":57},[47,112963,1096],{"class":61},[47,112965,2711],{"class":349},[47,112967,75],{"class":61},[47,112969,3108],{"class":349},[47,112971,421],{"class":61},[47,112973,112974,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,112975,112976],{"class":53},"set4 ",[47,112978,58],{"class":57},[47,112980,1096],{"class":61},[47,112982,3156],{"class":349},[47,112984,75],{"class":61},[47,112986,5249],{"class":349},[47,112988,421],{"class":61},[47,112990,112991],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,112992,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,112994,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113018],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,112996,2879],{"class":53},[47,112998,58],{"class":57},[47,113000,111177],{"class":53},[47,113002,110],{"class":61},[47,113004,111695],{"class":113},[47,113006,117],{"class":61},[47,113008,101020],{"class":113},[47,113010,75],{"class":61},[47,113012,101047],{"class":113},[47,113014,75],{"class":61},[47,113016,113017],{"class":113}," set4",[47,113019,132],{"class":61},[47,113021,113022],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,113023,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113025,113026,113028,113030,113032],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,113027,139],{"class":138},[47,113029,117],{"class":61},[47,113031,2914],{"class":113},[47,113033,132],{"class":61},[20,113035,30435],{},[38,113037,113039],{"className":40,"code":113038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113040,113041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113042,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113044,382],{"class":61},[47,113046,917],{"class":349},[47,113048,75],{"class":61},[47,113050,2409],{"class":349},[47,113052,75],{"class":61},[47,113054,2414],{"class":349},[47,113056,75],{"class":61},[47,113058,3108],{"class":349},[47,113060,75],{"class":61},[47,113062,5249],{"class":349},[47,113064,421],{"class":61},[20,113066,113067],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[33,113069,453,113071,113073],{"id":113070},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,113072,103225],{}," with other iterables",[20,113075,113076,113078],{},[15,113077,103225],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[244,113080,113082],{"id":113081},"with-a-list","With a list",[38,113084,113086],{"className":40,"code":113085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113087,113088,113108,113132,113136,113154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113089,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113091,4270],{"class":53},[47,113093,58],{"class":57},[47,113095,1096],{"class":61},[47,113097,917],{"class":349},[47,113099,75],{"class":61},[47,113101,2409],{"class":349},[47,113103,75],{"class":61},[47,113105,2414],{"class":349},[47,113107,421],{"class":61},[47,113109,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113111,61469],{"class":53},[47,113113,58],{"class":57},[47,113115,62],{"class":61},[47,113117,2711],{"class":349},[47,113119,75],{"class":61},[47,113121,3108],{"class":349},[47,113123,75],{"class":61},[47,113125,5249],{"class":349},[47,113127,75],{"class":61},[47,113129,5249],{"class":349},[47,113131,95],{"class":61},[47,113133,113134],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113135,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113137,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113139,2879],{"class":53},[47,113141,58],{"class":57},[47,113143,4905],{"class":53},[47,113145,110],{"class":61},[47,113147,111695],{"class":113},[47,113149,117],{"class":61},[47,113151,61498],{"class":113},[47,113153,132],{"class":61},[47,113155,113156,113158,113160,113162],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,113157,139],{"class":138},[47,113159,117],{"class":61},[47,113161,2914],{"class":113},[47,113163,132],{"class":61},[20,113165,30435],{},[38,113167,113168],{"className":40,"code":113038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113169,113170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113171,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113173,382],{"class":61},[47,113175,917],{"class":349},[47,113177,75],{"class":61},[47,113179,2409],{"class":349},[47,113181,75],{"class":61},[47,113183,2414],{"class":349},[47,113185,75],{"class":61},[47,113187,3108],{"class":349},[47,113189,75],{"class":61},[47,113191,5249],{"class":349},[47,113193,421],{"class":61},[20,113195,21379,113196,113198],{},[15,113197,2784],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[244,113200,113202],{"id":113201},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[38,113204,113206],{"className":40,"code":113205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113207,113208,113232,113265,113269,113288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113209,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113211,36501],{"class":53},[47,113213,58],{"class":57},[47,113215,1096],{"class":61},[47,113217,66],{"class":65},[47,113219,210],{"class":69},[47,113221,66],{"class":65},[47,113223,75],{"class":61},[47,113225,78],{"class":65},[47,113227,854],{"class":69},[47,113229,66],{"class":65},[47,113231,421],{"class":61},[47,113233,113234,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113235,113236],{"class":53},"more_letters ",[47,113238,58],{"class":57},[47,113240,9878],{"class":61},[47,113242,66],{"class":65},[47,113244,854],{"class":69},[47,113246,66],{"class":65},[47,113248,75],{"class":61},[47,113250,78],{"class":65},[47,113252,863],{"class":69},[47,113254,66],{"class":65},[47,113256,75],{"class":61},[47,113258,78],{"class":65},[47,113260,1693],{"class":69},[47,113262,66],{"class":65},[47,113264,132],{"class":61},[47,113266,113267],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113268,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113286],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113272,2879],{"class":53},[47,113274,58],{"class":57},[47,113276,70519],{"class":53},[47,113278,110],{"class":61},[47,113280,111695],{"class":113},[47,113282,117],{"class":61},[47,113284,113285],{"class":113},"more_letters",[47,113287,132],{"class":61},[47,113289,113290,113292,113294,113296],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,113291,139],{"class":138},[47,113293,117],{"class":61},[47,113295,2914],{"class":113},[47,113297,132],{"class":61},[20,113299,30435],{},[38,113301,113303],{"className":40,"code":113302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113304,113305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113306,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113308,382],{"class":61},[47,113310,385],{"class":65},[47,113312,210],{"class":69},[47,113314,385],{"class":65},[47,113316,75],{"class":61},[47,113318,398],{"class":65},[47,113320,854],{"class":69},[47,113322,385],{"class":65},[47,113324,75],{"class":61},[47,113326,398],{"class":65},[47,113328,863],{"class":69},[47,113330,385],{"class":65},[47,113332,75],{"class":61},[47,113334,398],{"class":65},[47,113336,1693],{"class":69},[47,113338,385],{"class":65},[47,113340,421],{"class":61},[244,113342,113344],{"id":113343},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113346,113347],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[38,113349,113351],{"className":40,"code":113350,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113352,113353,113378,113401,113405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113354,113355,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113356,113357],{"class":53},"chars ",[47,113359,58],{"class":57},[47,113361,1096],{"class":61},[47,113363,66],{"class":65},[47,113365,210],{"class":69},[47,113367,66],{"class":65},[47,113369,75],{"class":61},[47,113371,78],{"class":65},[47,113373,854],{"class":69},[47,113375,66],{"class":65},[47,113377,421],{"class":61},[47,113379,113380,113382,113384,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113381,2879],{"class":53},[47,113383,58],{"class":57},[47,113385,113386],{"class":53}," chars",[47,113388,110],{"class":61},[47,113390,111695],{"class":113},[47,113392,117],{"class":61},[47,113394,66],{"class":65},[47,113396,37459],{"class":69},[47,113398,66],{"class":65},[47,113400,132],{"class":61},[47,113402,113403],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113404,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113406,113407,113409,113411,113413],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113408,139],{"class":138},[47,113410,117],{"class":61},[47,113412,2914],{"class":113},[47,113414,132],{"class":61},[20,113416,30435],{},[38,113418,113420],{"className":40,"code":113419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113421,113422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113423,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113425,382],{"class":61},[47,113427,385],{"class":65},[47,113429,210],{"class":69},[47,113431,385],{"class":65},[47,113433,75],{"class":61},[47,113435,398],{"class":65},[47,113437,854],{"class":69},[47,113439,385],{"class":65},[47,113441,75],{"class":61},[47,113443,398],{"class":65},[47,113445,863],{"class":69},[47,113447,385],{"class":65},[47,113449,75],{"class":61},[47,113451,398],{"class":65},[47,113453,63709],{"class":69},[47,113455,385],{"class":65},[47,113457,421],{"class":61},[20,113459,22591,113460,113463],{},[15,113461,113462],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[174,113465,113466,113470,113474],{},[177,113467,113468],{},[15,113469,66904],{},[177,113471,113472],{},[15,113473,994],{},[177,113475,113476],{},[15,113477,113478],{},"\"t\"",[33,113480,113482,11222,113484],{"id":113481},"union-vs-update",[15,113483,103225],{},[15,113485,1636],{},[20,113487,113488,5036,113490,113492],{},[15,113489,103225],{},[15,113491,1636],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[244,113494,113495],{"id":111695},[15,113496,103225],{},[174,113498,113499,113501],{},[177,113500,111057],{},[177,113502,111066],{},[38,113504,113505],{"className":40,"code":112590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113506,113507,113523,113539,113543,113561,113565,113577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113508,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113510,3206],{"class":53},[47,113512,58],{"class":57},[47,113514,1096],{"class":61},[47,113516,917],{"class":349},[47,113518,75],{"class":61},[47,113520,2409],{"class":349},[47,113522,421],{"class":61},[47,113524,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113526,3234],{"class":53},[47,113528,58],{"class":57},[47,113530,1096],{"class":61},[47,113532,2705],{"class":349},[47,113534,75],{"class":61},[47,113536,2414],{"class":349},[47,113538,421],{"class":61},[47,113540,113541],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113542,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113544,113545,113547,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113546,2879],{"class":53},[47,113548,58],{"class":57},[47,113550,57308],{"class":53},[47,113552,110],{"class":61},[47,113554,111695],{"class":113},[47,113556,117],{"class":61},[47,113558,854],{"class":113},[47,113560,132],{"class":61},[47,113562,113563],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,113564,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113566,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,113568,139],{"class":138},[47,113570,117],{"class":61},[47,113572,2914],{"class":113},[47,113574,4313],{"class":61},[47,113576,112663],{"class":152},[47,113578,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,113580,139],{"class":138},[47,113582,117],{"class":61},[47,113584,210],{"class":113},[47,113586,4313],{"class":61},[47,113588,112676],{"class":152},[244,113590,113591],{"id":30870},[15,113592,1636],{},[174,113594,113595,113598],{},[177,113596,113597],{},"changes the existing set in place",[177,113599,113600],{},"does not create a separate result set",[38,113602,113604],{"className":40,"code":113603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113605,113606,113622,113638,113642,113656,113660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113607,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113609,3206],{"class":53},[47,113611,58],{"class":57},[47,113613,1096],{"class":61},[47,113615,917],{"class":349},[47,113617,75],{"class":61},[47,113619,2409],{"class":349},[47,113621,421],{"class":61},[47,113623,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113625,3234],{"class":53},[47,113627,58],{"class":57},[47,113629,1096],{"class":61},[47,113631,2705],{"class":349},[47,113633,75],{"class":61},[47,113635,2414],{"class":349},[47,113637,421],{"class":61},[47,113639,113640],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113641,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113643,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652,113654],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113645,210],{"class":53},[47,113647,110],{"class":61},[47,113649,30870],{"class":113},[47,113651,117],{"class":61},[47,113653,854],{"class":113},[47,113655,132],{"class":61},[47,113657,113658],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,113659,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113661,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,113663,139],{"class":138},[47,113665,117],{"class":61},[47,113667,210],{"class":113},[47,113669,4313],{"class":61},[47,113671,112663],{"class":152},[20,113673,156,113674,113676],{},[15,113675,103225],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113678,113679,113680,110],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[210,113681,4226,113682,1637],{"href":98945},[15,113683,97740],{},[33,113685,5162],{"id":5161},[244,113687,1968,113689,113691],{"id":113688},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113690,103225],{}," to change the original set",[20,113693,82250],{},[38,113695,113697],{"className":40,"code":113696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113698,113699,113715,113731,113735,113749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113700,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113702,3206],{"class":53},[47,113704,58],{"class":57},[47,113706,1096],{"class":61},[47,113708,917],{"class":349},[47,113710,75],{"class":61},[47,113712,2409],{"class":349},[47,113714,421],{"class":61},[47,113716,113717,113719,113721,113723,113725,113727,113729],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113718,3234],{"class":53},[47,113720,58],{"class":57},[47,113722,1096],{"class":61},[47,113724,2705],{"class":349},[47,113726,75],{"class":61},[47,113728,2414],{"class":349},[47,113730,421],{"class":61},[47,113732,113733],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113734,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113736,113737,113739,113741,113743,113745,113747],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113738,210],{"class":53},[47,113740,110],{"class":61},[47,113742,111695],{"class":113},[47,113744,117],{"class":61},[47,113746,854],{"class":113},[47,113748,132],{"class":61},[47,113750,113751,113753,113755,113757],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,113752,139],{"class":138},[47,113754,117],{"class":61},[47,113756,210],{"class":113},[47,113758,132],{"class":61},[20,113760,372],{},[38,113762,113763],{"className":40,"code":100933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113764,113765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113766,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113768,382],{"class":61},[47,113770,917],{"class":349},[47,113772,75],{"class":61},[47,113774,2409],{"class":349},[47,113776,421],{"class":61},[20,113778,9140,113779,113781],{},[15,113780,103225],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113783,113784],{},"Fix it like this:",[38,113786,113788],{"className":40,"code":113787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113789,113790,113806,113822,113826,113844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113791,113792,113794,113796,113798,113800,113802,113804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113793,3206],{"class":53},[47,113795,58],{"class":57},[47,113797,1096],{"class":61},[47,113799,917],{"class":349},[47,113801,75],{"class":61},[47,113803,2409],{"class":349},[47,113805,421],{"class":61},[47,113807,113808,113810,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113809,3234],{"class":53},[47,113811,58],{"class":57},[47,113813,1096],{"class":61},[47,113815,2705],{"class":349},[47,113817,75],{"class":61},[47,113819,2414],{"class":349},[47,113821,421],{"class":61},[47,113823,113824],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113825,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113827,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113829,3206],{"class":53},[47,113831,58],{"class":57},[47,113833,57308],{"class":53},[47,113835,110],{"class":61},[47,113837,111695],{"class":113},[47,113839,117],{"class":61},[47,113841,854],{"class":113},[47,113843,132],{"class":61},[47,113845,113846,113848,113850,113852],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,113847,139],{"class":138},[47,113849,117],{"class":61},[47,113851,210],{"class":113},[47,113853,132],{"class":61},[244,113855,113857],{"id":113856},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113859,113860],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[38,113862,113864],{"className":40,"code":113863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113865,113866,113882,113898,113902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113867,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113869,3206],{"class":53},[47,113871,58],{"class":57},[47,113873,1096],{"class":61},[47,113875,2711],{"class":349},[47,113877,75],{"class":61},[47,113879,2002],{"class":349},[47,113881,421],{"class":61},[47,113883,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892,113894,113896],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113885,3234],{"class":53},[47,113887,58],{"class":57},[47,113889,1096],{"class":61},[47,113891,2705],{"class":349},[47,113893,75],{"class":61},[47,113895,3108],{"class":349},[47,113897,421],{"class":61},[47,113899,113900],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113901,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,113903,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,113905,139],{"class":138},[47,113907,117],{"class":61},[47,113909,210],{"class":113},[47,113911,110],{"class":61},[47,113913,111695],{"class":113},[47,113915,117],{"class":61},[47,113917,854],{"class":113},[47,113919,2266],{"class":61},[20,113921,113922],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[244,113924,113926],{"id":113925},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[38,113928,113930],{"className":40,"code":113929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113931,113932,113948,113970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113933,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113935,4711],{"class":53},[47,113937,58],{"class":57},[47,113939,1096],{"class":61},[47,113941,66],{"class":65},[47,113943,58548],{"class":69},[47,113945,66],{"class":65},[47,113947,421],{"class":61},[47,113949,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,113951,2879],{"class":53},[47,113953,58],{"class":57},[47,113955,6812],{"class":53},[47,113957,110],{"class":61},[47,113959,111695],{"class":113},[47,113961,117],{"class":61},[47,113963,66],{"class":65},[47,113965,37459],{"class":69},[47,113967,66],{"class":65},[47,113969,132],{"class":61},[47,113971,113972,113974,113976,113978],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,113973,139],{"class":138},[47,113975,117],{"class":61},[47,113977,2914],{"class":113},[47,113979,132],{"class":61},[20,113981,113982,113983,2838,113985,17681,113987,113989,113990,113992],{},"This adds ",[15,113984,66904],{},[15,113986,994],{},[15,113988,113478],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113991,113462],{}," as one item.",[20,113994,113995],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[38,113997,113999],{"className":40,"code":113998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114000,114001,114017,114039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114002,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114004,4711],{"class":53},[47,114006,58],{"class":57},[47,114008,1096],{"class":61},[47,114010,66],{"class":65},[47,114012,58548],{"class":69},[47,114014,66],{"class":65},[47,114016,421],{"class":61},[47,114018,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114020,2879],{"class":53},[47,114022,58],{"class":57},[47,114024,6812],{"class":53},[47,114026,110],{"class":61},[47,114028,111695],{"class":113},[47,114030,1258],{"class":61},[47,114032,66],{"class":65},[47,114034,37459],{"class":69},[47,114036,66],{"class":65},[47,114038,2166],{"class":61},[47,114040,114041,114043,114045,114047],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114042,139],{"class":138},[47,114044,117],{"class":61},[47,114046,2914],{"class":113},[47,114048,132],{"class":61},[244,114050,114052],{"id":114051},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,114054,3488],{},[38,114056,114058],{"className":40,"code":114057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,114059,114060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114061,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114063,16238],{"class":53},[47,114065,58],{"class":57},[47,114067,1096],{"class":61},[47,114069,917],{"class":349},[47,114071,75],{"class":61},[47,114073,2409],{"class":349},[47,114075,75],{"class":61},[47,114077,62],{"class":61},[47,114079,2711],{"class":349},[47,114081,75],{"class":61},[47,114083,3108],{"class":349},[47,114085,988],{"class":61},[20,114087,114088],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,114090,114091,114092,172],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,114093,103225],{},[38,114095,114097],{"className":40,"code":114096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114098,114099,114115,114137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114100,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114102,16238],{"class":53},[47,114104,58],{"class":57},[47,114106,1096],{"class":61},[47,114108,917],{"class":349},[47,114110,75],{"class":61},[47,114112,2409],{"class":349},[47,114114,421],{"class":61},[47,114116,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133,114135],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114118,2879],{"class":53},[47,114120,58],{"class":57},[47,114122,97350],{"class":53},[47,114124,110],{"class":61},[47,114126,111695],{"class":113},[47,114128,1258],{"class":61},[47,114130,2711],{"class":349},[47,114132,75],{"class":61},[47,114134,3108],{"class":349},[47,114136,2166],{"class":61},[47,114138,114139,114141,114143,114145],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114140,139],{"class":138},[47,114142,117],{"class":61},[47,114144,2914],{"class":113},[47,114146,132],{"class":61},[33,114148,114150],{"id":114149},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114152,114153],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[174,114155,114156,114162,114169,114172],{},[177,114157,114158,114159,114161],{},"call ",[15,114160,103225],{}," without saving the returned set",[177,114163,114164,114165,9350,114167],{},"confuse ",[15,114166,103225],{},[15,114168,1636],{},[177,114170,114171],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[177,114173,114174],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114176,114177,114178,5036,114182,110],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[210,114179,4226,114180,1637],{"href":103214},[15,114181,106999],{},[210,114183,4226,114185,1637],{"href":114184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114186,100845],{},[20,114188,62717],{},[38,114190,114192],{"className":40,"code":114191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114193,114194,114204,114218,114228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114195,114196,114198,114200,114202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114197,139],{"class":138},[47,114199,117],{"class":61},[47,114201,16276],{"class":113},[47,114203,132],{"class":61},[47,114205,114206,114208,114210,114212,114214,114216],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114207,139],{"class":138},[47,114209,117],{"class":61},[47,114211,2392],{"class":106},[47,114213,117],{"class":61},[47,114215,16276],{"class":113},[47,114217,2266],{"class":61},[47,114219,114220,114222,114224,114226],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114221,139],{"class":138},[47,114223,117],{"class":61},[47,114225,2914],{"class":113},[47,114227,132],{"class":61},[47,114229,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,114231,32559],{"class":138},[47,114233,117],{"class":61},[47,114235,6931],{"class":106},[47,114237,110],{"class":61},[47,114239,111695],{"class":25153},[47,114241,132],{"class":61},[33,114243,2429],{"id":2428},[244,114245,2433,114247,103165],{"id":114246},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114248,108469],{},[20,114250,103168],{},[244,114252,5813,114254,114256],{"id":114253},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114255,103225],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114258,114259],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[244,114261,28733,114263,114265],{"id":114262},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114264,103225],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114267,42567,114268,114270],{},[15,114269,103225],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[244,114272,114274],{"id":114273},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114276,114277],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[244,114279,5823,114281,5036,114283,3143],{"id":114280},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114282,103225],{},[15,114284,114285],{},"|",[20,114287,114288,114289,114291,114292,114294],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114290,114285],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114293,103225],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[33,114296,2526],{"id":2525},[174,114298,114299,114303,114309,114315,114321],{},[177,114300,114301],{},[210,114302,96754],{"href":97925},[177,114304,114305],{},[210,114306,4226,114307,1637],{"href":98945},[15,114308,97740],{},[177,114310,114311],{},[210,114312,4226,114313,1637],{"href":103214},[15,114314,106999],{},[177,114316,114317],{},[210,114318,4226,114319,1637],{"href":114184},[15,114320,100845],{},[177,114322,114323],{},[210,114324,100770],{"href":99503},[2563,114326,114327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":114329},[114330,114331,114333,114334,114335,114336,114338,114344,114349,114356,114357,114368],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":112425,"depth":98,"text":114332},"What set.union() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":22371,"depth":98,"text":22372},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":112912,"depth":98,"text":114337},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113070,"depth":98,"text":114339,"children":114340},"Using union() with other iterables",[114341,114342,114343],{"id":113081,"depth":135,"text":113082},{"id":113201,"depth":135,"text":113202},{"id":113343,"depth":135,"text":113344},{"id":113481,"depth":98,"text":114345,"children":114346},"union() vs update()",[114347,114348],{"id":111695,"depth":135,"text":103225},{"id":30870,"depth":135,"text":1636},{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":114350},[114351,114353,114354,114355],{"id":113688,"depth":135,"text":114352},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113856,"depth":135,"text":113857},{"id":113925,"depth":135,"text":113926},{"id":114051,"depth":135,"text":114052},{"id":114149,"depth":98,"text":114150},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":114358},[114359,114361,114363,114365,114366],{"id":114246,"depth":135,"text":114360},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114253,"depth":135,"text":114362},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114262,"depth":135,"text":114364},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114273,"depth":135,"text":114274},{"id":114280,"depth":135,"text":114367},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112305,"description":114369},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114375,"title":114376,"body":114377,"description":116266,"extension":2611,"meta":116267,"navigation":357,"path":97239,"seo":116268,"stem":116269,"__hash__":116270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114378,"toc":116232},[114379,114384,114389,114397,114399,114457,114462,114467,114471,114483,114486,114560,114565,114567,114569,114588,114590,114607,114610,114637,114639,114709,114713,114715,114721,114723,114784,114789,114791,114848,114852,114857,114922,114924,114944,114951,114955,114960,115045,115048,115055,115158,115162,115167,115225,115228,115239,115253,115260,115318,115325,115328,115338,115342,115400,115404,115470,115473,115531,115538,115545,115548,115552,115561,115630,115634,115640,115728,115738,115742,115746,115750,115753,115814,115819,115876,115880,115882,115917,115924,115926,115980,115987,115991,115994,116059,116068,116074,116131,116133,116138,116142,116146,116149,116156,116164,116168,116173,116177,116183,116185,116220,116229],[10,114380,96626,114382,18],{"id":114381},"python-set-update-method",[15,114383,1636],{},[20,114385,114386,114388],{},[15,114387,97740],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114390,114391,114392,114396],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[210,114393,114394],{"href":98926},[15,114395,96634],{},", which adds only one item.",[33,114398,4260],{"id":4259},[38,114400,114402],{"className":40,"code":114401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114403,114404,114420,114442,114452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114405,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114407,4270],{"class":53},[47,114409,58],{"class":57},[47,114411,1096],{"class":61},[47,114413,917],{"class":349},[47,114415,75],{"class":61},[47,114417,2409],{"class":349},[47,114419,421],{"class":61},[47,114421,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114423,4300],{"class":53},[47,114425,110],{"class":61},[47,114427,30870],{"class":113},[47,114429,1258],{"class":61},[47,114431,2705],{"class":349},[47,114433,75],{"class":61},[47,114435,2414],{"class":349},[47,114437,75],{"class":61},[47,114439,3108],{"class":349},[47,114441,2166],{"class":61},[47,114443,114444,114446,114448,114450],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114445,139],{"class":138},[47,114447,117],{"class":61},[47,114449,4300],{"class":113},[47,114451,132],{"class":61},[47,114453,114454],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,114455,114456],{"class":152},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114458,156,114459,114461],{},[15,114460,1636],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[33,114463,164,114465,167],{"id":114464},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114466,97740],{},[20,114468,114469,172],{},[15,114470,97740],{},[174,114472,114473,114476,114478,114481],{},[177,114474,114475],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[177,114477,96741],{},[177,114479,114480],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[177,114482,96744],{},[20,114484,114485],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[38,114487,114489],{"className":40,"code":114488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114490,114491,114515,114541,114545,114555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114492,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114494,332],{"class":53},[47,114496,58],{"class":57},[47,114498,1096],{"class":61},[47,114500,66],{"class":65},[47,114502,305],{"class":69},[47,114504,66],{"class":65},[47,114506,75],{"class":61},[47,114508,78],{"class":65},[47,114510,323],{"class":69},[47,114512,66],{"class":65},[47,114514,421],{"class":61},[47,114516,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114518,367],{"class":53},[47,114520,110],{"class":61},[47,114522,30870],{"class":113},[47,114524,1258],{"class":61},[47,114526,66],{"class":65},[47,114528,323],{"class":69},[47,114530,66],{"class":65},[47,114532,75],{"class":61},[47,114534,78],{"class":65},[47,114536,314],{"class":69},[47,114538,66],{"class":65},[47,114540,2166],{"class":61},[47,114542,114543],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114544,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,114546,114547,114549,114551,114553],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,114548,139],{"class":138},[47,114550,117],{"class":61},[47,114552,367],{"class":113},[47,114554,132],{"class":61},[47,114556,114557],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,114558,114559],{"class":152},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114561,21379,114562,114564],{},[15,114563,111460],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[33,114566,2806],{"id":2805},[20,114568,7863],{},[38,114570,114572],{"className":40,"code":114571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114573,114574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114575,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114577,16276],{"class":53},[47,114579,110],{"class":61},[47,114581,30870],{"class":113},[47,114583,117],{"class":61},[47,114585,235],{"class":113},[47,114587,132],{"class":61},[20,114589,80626],{},[174,114591,114592,114595,114598,114601,114604],{},[177,114593,114594],{},"A list",[177,114596,114597],{},"A tuple",[177,114599,114600],{},"Another set",[177,114602,114603],{},"A string",[177,114605,114606],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114608,114609],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[38,114611,114613],{"className":40,"code":114612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114614,114615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114616,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114618,16276],{"class":53},[47,114620,110],{"class":61},[47,114622,30870],{"class":113},[47,114624,117],{"class":61},[47,114626,210],{"class":113},[47,114628,75],{"class":61},[47,114630,3211],{"class":113},[47,114632,75],{"class":61},[47,114634,10320],{"class":113},[47,114636,132],{"class":61},[20,114638,603],{},[38,114640,114642],{"className":40,"code":114641,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114643,114644,114656,114690,114694,114704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114645,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114647,4470],{"class":53},[47,114649,58],{"class":57},[47,114651,1096],{"class":61},[47,114653,917],{"class":349},[47,114655,421],{"class":61},[47,114657,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114659,6003],{"class":53},[47,114661,110],{"class":61},[47,114663,30870],{"class":113},[47,114665,1258],{"class":61},[47,114667,2705],{"class":349},[47,114669,75],{"class":61},[47,114671,2414],{"class":349},[47,114673,959],{"class":61},[47,114675,9878],{"class":61},[47,114677,3156],{"class":349},[47,114679,75],{"class":61},[47,114681,5249],{"class":349},[47,114683,9875],{"class":61},[47,114685,1096],{"class":61},[47,114687,81017],{"class":349},[47,114689,30902],{"class":61},[47,114691,114692],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114693,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,114695,114696,114698,114700,114702],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,114697,139],{"class":138},[47,114699,117],{"class":61},[47,114701,6003],{"class":113},[47,114703,132],{"class":61},[47,114705,114706],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,114707,114708],{"class":152},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114710,96750,114711,110],{},[210,114712,96758],{"href":98309},[33,114714,22372],{"id":22371},[20,114716,114717,3048,114719,110],{},[15,114718,97740],{},[15,114720,269],{},[20,114722,12345],{},[38,114724,114726],{"className":40,"code":114725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114727,114728,114744,114766,114770,114780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114729,114730,114732,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114731,4270],{"class":53},[47,114733,58],{"class":57},[47,114735,1096],{"class":61},[47,114737,917],{"class":349},[47,114739,75],{"class":61},[47,114741,2409],{"class":349},[47,114743,421],{"class":61},[47,114745,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114747,2879],{"class":53},[47,114749,58],{"class":57},[47,114751,4905],{"class":53},[47,114753,110],{"class":61},[47,114755,30870],{"class":113},[47,114757,1258],{"class":61},[47,114759,2711],{"class":349},[47,114761,75],{"class":61},[47,114763,3108],{"class":349},[47,114765,2166],{"class":61},[47,114767,114768],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114769,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,114771,114772,114774,114776,114778],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,114773,139],{"class":138},[47,114775,117],{"class":61},[47,114777,2914],{"class":113},[47,114779,132],{"class":61},[47,114781,114782],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,114783,62253],{"class":152},[20,114785,114786,114787,110],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114788,2914],{},[20,114790,1895],{},[38,114792,114794],{"className":40,"code":114793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114795,114796,114812,114830,114834,114844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114797,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114799,4270],{"class":53},[47,114801,58],{"class":57},[47,114803,1096],{"class":61},[47,114805,917],{"class":349},[47,114807,75],{"class":61},[47,114809,2409],{"class":349},[47,114811,421],{"class":61},[47,114813,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114815,4300],{"class":53},[47,114817,110],{"class":61},[47,114819,30870],{"class":113},[47,114821,1258],{"class":61},[47,114823,2711],{"class":349},[47,114825,75],{"class":61},[47,114827,3108],{"class":349},[47,114829,2166],{"class":61},[47,114831,114832],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114833,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,114835,114836,114838,114840,114842],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,114837,139],{"class":138},[47,114839,117],{"class":61},[47,114841,4300],{"class":113},[47,114843,132],{"class":61},[47,114845,114846],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,114847,114456],{"class":152},[33,114849,114851],{"id":114850},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114853,114854,114855,110],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114856,1636],{},[38,114858,114860],{"className":40,"code":114859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114861,114862,114878,114904,114908,114918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114865,4270],{"class":53},[47,114867,58],{"class":57},[47,114869,1096],{"class":61},[47,114871,917],{"class":349},[47,114873,75],{"class":61},[47,114875,2409],{"class":349},[47,114877,421],{"class":61},[47,114879,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900,114902],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114881,4300],{"class":53},[47,114883,110],{"class":61},[47,114885,30870],{"class":113},[47,114887,1258],{"class":61},[47,114889,2705],{"class":349},[47,114891,75],{"class":61},[47,114893,2414],{"class":349},[47,114895,75],{"class":61},[47,114897,3108],{"class":349},[47,114899,75],{"class":61},[47,114901,3108],{"class":349},[47,114903,2166],{"class":61},[47,114905,114906],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,114907,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,114909,114910,114912,114914,114916],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,114911,139],{"class":138},[47,114913,117],{"class":61},[47,114915,4300],{"class":113},[47,114917,132],{"class":61},[47,114919,114920],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,114921,114456],{"class":152},[20,114923,424],{},[174,114925,114926,114931,114938],{},[177,114927,114928,114930],{},[15,114929,2705],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[177,114932,114933,5036,114935,114937],{},[15,114934,2711],{},[15,114936,3156],{}," are added",[177,114939,114940,114941,114943],{},"The second ",[15,114942,3156],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114945,114946,114947,114950],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[210,114948,114949],{"href":99503},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[33,114952,114954],{"id":114953},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114956,8408,114957,114959],{},[15,114958,1636],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[38,114961,114963],{"className":40,"code":114962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114964,114965,114986,115007,115011,115027,115031,115041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114966,114967,114970,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114968,114969],{"class":53},"set_a ",[47,114971,58],{"class":57},[47,114973,1096],{"class":61},[47,114975,917],{"class":349},[47,114977,75],{"class":61},[47,114979,2409],{"class":349},[47,114981,75],{"class":61},[47,114983,2414],{"class":349},[47,114985,421],{"class":61},[47,114987,114988,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,114989,114990],{"class":53},"set_b ",[47,114992,58],{"class":57},[47,114994,1096],{"class":61},[47,114996,2711],{"class":349},[47,114998,75],{"class":61},[47,115000,3108],{"class":349},[47,115002,75],{"class":61},[47,115004,5249],{"class":349},[47,115006,421],{"class":61},[47,115008,115009],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115010,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115012,115013,115016,115018,115020,115022,115025],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115014,115015],{"class":53},"set_a",[47,115017,110],{"class":61},[47,115019,30870],{"class":113},[47,115021,117],{"class":61},[47,115023,115024],{"class":113},"set_b",[47,115026,132],{"class":61},[47,115028,115029],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115030,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115032,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,115034,139],{"class":138},[47,115036,117],{"class":61},[47,115038,115015],{"class":113},[47,115040,132],{"class":61},[47,115042,115043],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,115044,112417],{"class":152},[20,115046,115047],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,115049,115050,115051,110],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[210,115052,115053],{"href":103222},[15,115054,108469],{},[38,115056,115058],{"className":40,"code":115057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115059,115060,115080,115100,115104,115124,115128,115139,115143,115153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115061,115062,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076,115078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115063,114969],{"class":53},[47,115065,58],{"class":57},[47,115067,1096],{"class":61},[47,115069,917],{"class":349},[47,115071,75],{"class":61},[47,115073,2409],{"class":349},[47,115075,75],{"class":61},[47,115077,2414],{"class":349},[47,115079,421],{"class":61},[47,115081,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115083,114990],{"class":53},[47,115085,58],{"class":57},[47,115087,1096],{"class":61},[47,115089,2711],{"class":349},[47,115091,75],{"class":61},[47,115093,3108],{"class":349},[47,115095,75],{"class":61},[47,115097,5249],{"class":349},[47,115099,421],{"class":61},[47,115101,115102],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115103,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115105,115106,115109,115111,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115107,115108],{"class":53},"combined ",[47,115110,58],{"class":57},[47,115112,115113],{"class":53}," set_a",[47,115115,110],{"class":61},[47,115117,111695],{"class":113},[47,115119,117],{"class":61},[47,115121,115024],{"class":113},[47,115123,132],{"class":61},[47,115125,115126],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115127,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115129,115130,115132,115134,115137],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,115131,139],{"class":138},[47,115133,117],{"class":61},[47,115135,115136],{"class":113},"combined",[47,115138,132],{"class":61},[47,115140,115141],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,115142,112417],{"class":152},[47,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,115146,139],{"class":138},[47,115148,117],{"class":61},[47,115150,115015],{"class":113},[47,115152,132],{"class":61},[47,115154,115155],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,115156,115157],{"class":152},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,115159,115161],{"id":115160},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115163,65162,115164,115166],{},[15,115165,1636],{}," adds each character separately.",[38,115168,115170],{"className":40,"code":115169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115171,115172,115188,115206,115210,115220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115173,115174,115176,115178,115180,115182,115184,115186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115175,36501],{"class":53},[47,115177,58],{"class":57},[47,115179,1096],{"class":61},[47,115181,66],{"class":65},[47,115183,1995],{"class":69},[47,115185,66],{"class":65},[47,115187,421],{"class":61},[47,115189,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200,115202,115204],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115191,36554],{"class":53},[47,115193,110],{"class":61},[47,115195,30870],{"class":113},[47,115197,117],{"class":61},[47,115199,66],{"class":65},[47,115201,37459],{"class":69},[47,115203,66],{"class":65},[47,115205,132],{"class":61},[47,115207,115208],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115209,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115211,115212,115214,115216,115218],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115213,139],{"class":138},[47,115215,117],{"class":61},[47,115217,36554],{"class":113},[47,115219,132],{"class":61},[47,115221,115222],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115223,115224],{"class":152},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115226,115227],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115229,115230,14668,115233,115235,115236,115238],{},[15,115231,115232],{},"update(\"cat\")",[278,115234,1369],{}," add ",[15,115237,113462],{}," as one item. It adds:",[174,115240,115241,115245,115249],{},[177,115242,115243],{},[15,115244,66904],{},[177,115246,115247],{},[15,115248,994],{},[177,115250,115251],{},[15,115252,113478],{},[20,115254,115255,115256,172],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[210,115257,115258],{"href":98926},[15,115259,96634],{},[38,115261,115263],{"className":40,"code":115262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115264,115265,115281,115299,115303,115313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115266,115267,115269,115271,115273,115275,115277,115279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115268,4711],{"class":53},[47,115270,58],{"class":57},[47,115272,1096],{"class":61},[47,115274,66],{"class":65},[47,115276,58548],{"class":69},[47,115278,66],{"class":65},[47,115280,421],{"class":61},[47,115282,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291,115293,115295,115297],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115284,4755],{"class":53},[47,115286,110],{"class":61},[47,115288,82529],{"class":113},[47,115290,117],{"class":61},[47,115292,66],{"class":65},[47,115294,37459],{"class":69},[47,115296,66],{"class":65},[47,115298,132],{"class":61},[47,115300,115301],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115302,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115304,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115306,139],{"class":138},[47,115308,117],{"class":61},[47,115310,4755],{"class":113},[47,115312,132],{"class":61},[47,115314,115315],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115316,115317],{"class":152},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[33,115319,115321,11222,115323],{"id":115320},"update-vs-add",[15,115322,1636],{},[15,115324,96629],{},[20,115326,115327],{},"The difference is simple:",[174,115329,115330,115334],{},[177,115331,115332,97228],{},[15,115333,96629],{},[177,115335,115336,97233],{},[15,115337,1636],{},[20,115339,46457,115340,172],{},[15,115341,96629],{},[38,115343,115345],{"className":40,"code":115344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115346,115347,115363,115381,115385,115395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115348,115349,115351,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115350,36650],{"class":53},[47,115352,58],{"class":57},[47,115354,1096],{"class":61},[47,115356,66],{"class":65},[47,115358,4720],{"class":69},[47,115360,66],{"class":65},[47,115362,421],{"class":61},[47,115364,115365,115367,115369,115371,115373,115375,115377,115379],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115366,36702],{"class":53},[47,115368,110],{"class":61},[47,115370,82529],{"class":113},[47,115372,117],{"class":61},[47,115374,66],{"class":65},[47,115376,4729],{"class":69},[47,115378,66],{"class":65},[47,115380,132],{"class":61},[47,115382,115383],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115384,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115386,115387,115389,115391,115393],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115388,139],{"class":138},[47,115390,117],{"class":61},[47,115392,36702],{"class":113},[47,115394,132],{"class":61},[47,115396,115397],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115398,115399],{"class":152},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115401,46457,115402,172],{},[15,115403,1636],{},[38,115405,115407],{"className":40,"code":115406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115408,115409,115425,115451,115455,115465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115410,115411,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115412,36650],{"class":53},[47,115414,58],{"class":57},[47,115416,1096],{"class":61},[47,115418,66],{"class":65},[47,115420,4720],{"class":69},[47,115422,66],{"class":65},[47,115424,421],{"class":61},[47,115426,115427,115429,115431,115433,115435,115437,115439,115441,115443,115445,115447,115449],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115428,36702],{"class":53},[47,115430,110],{"class":61},[47,115432,30870],{"class":113},[47,115434,1258],{"class":61},[47,115436,66],{"class":65},[47,115438,4729],{"class":69},[47,115440,66],{"class":65},[47,115442,75],{"class":61},[47,115444,78],{"class":65},[47,115446,33628],{"class":69},[47,115448,66],{"class":65},[47,115450,2166],{"class":61},[47,115452,115453],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115454,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115456,115457,115459,115461,115463],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115458,139],{"class":138},[47,115460,117],{"class":61},[47,115462,36702],{"class":113},[47,115464,132],{"class":61},[47,115466,115467],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115468,115469],{"class":152},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115471,115472],{},"Important warning with strings:",[38,115474,115476],{"className":40,"code":115475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115477,115478,115494,115512,115516,115526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115479,115480,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115481,36650],{"class":53},[47,115483,58],{"class":57},[47,115485,1096],{"class":61},[47,115487,66],{"class":65},[47,115489,4720],{"class":69},[47,115491,66],{"class":65},[47,115493,421],{"class":61},[47,115495,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115497,36702],{"class":53},[47,115499,110],{"class":61},[47,115501,30870],{"class":113},[47,115503,117],{"class":61},[47,115505,66],{"class":65},[47,115507,38754],{"class":69},[47,115509,66],{"class":65},[47,115511,132],{"class":61},[47,115513,115514],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115515,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115517,115518,115520,115522,115524],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115519,139],{"class":138},[47,115521,117],{"class":61},[47,115523,36702],{"class":113},[47,115525,132],{"class":61},[47,115527,115528],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115529,115530],{"class":152},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115532,62528,115533,62601,115536,7275],{},[15,115534,115535],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115537,96629],{},[33,115539,115541,11222,115543],{"id":115540},"update-vs-union",[15,115542,1636],{},[15,115544,103225],{},[20,115546,115547],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[244,115549,115550],{"id":30870},[15,115551,1636],{},[174,115553,115554,115557],{},[177,115555,115556],{},"Changes the existing set",[177,115558,12057,115559],{},[15,115560,269],{},[38,115562,115564],{"className":40,"code":115563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115565,115566,115582,115598,115602,115616,115626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115567,115568,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578,115580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115569,3206],{"class":53},[47,115571,58],{"class":57},[47,115573,1096],{"class":61},[47,115575,917],{"class":349},[47,115577,75],{"class":61},[47,115579,2409],{"class":349},[47,115581,421],{"class":61},[47,115583,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115585,3234],{"class":53},[47,115587,58],{"class":57},[47,115589,1096],{"class":61},[47,115591,2705],{"class":349},[47,115593,75],{"class":61},[47,115595,2414],{"class":349},[47,115597,421],{"class":61},[47,115599,115600],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115601,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115603,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115605,210],{"class":53},[47,115607,110],{"class":61},[47,115609,30870],{"class":113},[47,115611,117],{"class":61},[47,115613,854],{"class":113},[47,115615,132],{"class":61},[47,115617,115618,115620,115622,115624],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115619,139],{"class":138},[47,115621,117],{"class":61},[47,115623,210],{"class":113},[47,115625,132],{"class":61},[47,115627,115628],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,115629,115157],{"class":152},[244,115631,115632],{"id":111695},[15,115633,103225],{},[174,115635,115636,115638],{},[177,115637,101763],{},[177,115639,101766],{},[38,115641,115643],{"className":40,"code":115642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115644,115645,115661,115677,115681,115699,115709,115713,115723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115646,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657,115659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115648,3206],{"class":53},[47,115650,58],{"class":57},[47,115652,1096],{"class":61},[47,115654,917],{"class":349},[47,115656,75],{"class":61},[47,115658,2409],{"class":349},[47,115660,421],{"class":61},[47,115662,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115664,3234],{"class":53},[47,115666,58],{"class":57},[47,115668,1096],{"class":61},[47,115670,2705],{"class":349},[47,115672,75],{"class":61},[47,115674,2414],{"class":349},[47,115676,421],{"class":61},[47,115678,115679],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115680,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115682,115683,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115684,83609],{"class":53},[47,115686,58],{"class":57},[47,115688,57308],{"class":53},[47,115690,110],{"class":61},[47,115692,111695],{"class":113},[47,115694,117],{"class":61},[47,115696,854],{"class":113},[47,115698,132],{"class":61},[47,115700,115701,115703,115705,115707],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115702,139],{"class":138},[47,115704,117],{"class":61},[47,115706,863],{"class":113},[47,115708,132],{"class":61},[47,115710,115711],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,115712,115157],{"class":152},[47,115714,115715,115717,115719,115721],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,115716,139],{"class":138},[47,115718,117],{"class":61},[47,115720,210],{"class":113},[47,115722,132],{"class":61},[47,115724,115725],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,115726,115727],{"class":152},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115729,108111,115730,115732,115733,115737],{},[15,115731,1636],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[210,115734,115735],{"href":103222},[15,115736,103225],{}," when you want a new set.",[33,115739,115741],{"id":115740},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115743,11383,115744,110],{},[15,115745,97740],{},[244,115747,115749],{"id":115748},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115751,115752],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[38,115754,115756],{"className":40,"code":115755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115757,115758,115774,115796,115800,115810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115759,115760,115762,115764,115766,115768,115770,115772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115761,16238],{"class":53},[47,115763,58],{"class":57},[47,115765,1096],{"class":61},[47,115767,917],{"class":349},[47,115769,75],{"class":61},[47,115771,2409],{"class":349},[47,115773,421],{"class":61},[47,115775,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790,115792,115794],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115777,2879],{"class":53},[47,115779,58],{"class":57},[47,115781,97350],{"class":53},[47,115783,110],{"class":61},[47,115785,30870],{"class":113},[47,115787,1258],{"class":61},[47,115789,2711],{"class":349},[47,115791,75],{"class":61},[47,115793,3108],{"class":349},[47,115795,2166],{"class":61},[47,115797,115798],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115799,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115801,115802,115804,115806,115808],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115803,139],{"class":138},[47,115805,117],{"class":61},[47,115807,2914],{"class":113},[47,115809,132],{"class":61},[47,115811,115812],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115813,62253],{"class":152},[20,115815,115816,115817,172],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115818,1636],{},[38,115820,115822],{"className":40,"code":115821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115823,115824,115840,115858,115862,115872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115825,115826,115828,115830,115832,115834,115836,115838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115827,16238],{"class":53},[47,115829,58],{"class":57},[47,115831,1096],{"class":61},[47,115833,917],{"class":349},[47,115835,75],{"class":61},[47,115837,2409],{"class":349},[47,115839,421],{"class":61},[47,115841,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115843,16276],{"class":53},[47,115845,110],{"class":61},[47,115847,30870],{"class":113},[47,115849,1258],{"class":61},[47,115851,2711],{"class":349},[47,115853,75],{"class":61},[47,115855,3108],{"class":349},[47,115857,2166],{"class":61},[47,115859,115860],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115861,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115863,115864,115866,115868,115870],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115865,139],{"class":138},[47,115867,117],{"class":61},[47,115869,16276],{"class":113},[47,115871,132],{"class":61},[47,115873,115874],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115875,114456],{"class":152},[244,115877,115879],{"id":115878},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115881,3488],{},[38,115883,115885],{"className":40,"code":115884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115886,115887,115903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115888,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115890,16238],{"class":53},[47,115892,58],{"class":57},[47,115894,1096],{"class":61},[47,115896,917],{"class":349},[47,115898,75],{"class":61},[47,115900,2409],{"class":349},[47,115902,421],{"class":61},[47,115904,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115906,16276],{"class":53},[47,115908,110],{"class":61},[47,115910,30870],{"class":113},[47,115912,117],{"class":61},[47,115914,2784],{"class":349},[47,115916,132],{"class":61},[20,115918,62707,115919,9246,115921,115923],{},[15,115920,3655],{},[15,115922,2784],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115925,7198],{},[38,115927,115929],{"className":40,"code":115928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115930,115931,115947,115961,115965,115975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115932,115933,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115934,16238],{"class":53},[47,115936,58],{"class":57},[47,115938,1096],{"class":61},[47,115940,917],{"class":349},[47,115942,75],{"class":61},[47,115944,2409],{"class":349},[47,115946,421],{"class":61},[47,115948,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,115950,16276],{"class":53},[47,115952,110],{"class":61},[47,115954,30870],{"class":113},[47,115956,1258],{"class":61},[47,115958,2784],{"class":349},[47,115960,2166],{"class":61},[47,115962,115963],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,115964,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,115966,115967,115969,115971,115973],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,115968,139],{"class":138},[47,115970,117],{"class":61},[47,115972,16276],{"class":113},[47,115974,132],{"class":61},[47,115976,115977],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,115978,115979],{"class":152},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115981,46330,115982,110],{},[210,115983,26083,115984],{"href":53019},[15,115985,115986],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[244,115988,115990],{"id":115989},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115992,115993],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[38,115995,115997],{"className":40,"code":115996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115998,115999,116015,116041,116045,116055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116002,16238],{"class":53},[47,116004,58],{"class":57},[47,116006,1096],{"class":61},[47,116008,917],{"class":349},[47,116010,75],{"class":61},[47,116012,2409],{"class":349},[47,116014,421],{"class":61},[47,116016,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,116018,16276],{"class":53},[47,116020,110],{"class":61},[47,116022,30870],{"class":113},[47,116024,1258],{"class":61},[47,116026,2705],{"class":349},[47,116028,75],{"class":61},[47,116030,2409],{"class":349},[47,116032,75],{"class":61},[47,116034,2409],{"class":349},[47,116036,75],{"class":61},[47,116038,2414],{"class":349},[47,116040,2166],{"class":61},[47,116042,116043],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,116044,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116046,116047,116049,116051,116053],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,116048,139],{"class":138},[47,116050,117],{"class":61},[47,116052,16276],{"class":113},[47,116054,132],{"class":61},[47,116056,116057],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,116058,115157],{"class":152},[244,116060,116062,116063,45046,116065,116067],{"id":116061},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,116064,1636],{},[15,116066,96629],{}," is better",[20,116069,116070,116071,116073],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,116072,96629],{}," is usually the better choice.",[38,116075,116077],{"className":40,"code":116076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,116078,116079,116095,116113,116117,116127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116080,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116082,16238],{"class":53},[47,116084,58],{"class":57},[47,116086,1096],{"class":61},[47,116088,66],{"class":65},[47,116090,58548],{"class":69},[47,116092,66],{"class":65},[47,116094,421],{"class":61},[47,116096,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,116098,16276],{"class":53},[47,116100,110],{"class":61},[47,116102,82529],{"class":113},[47,116104,117],{"class":61},[47,116106,66],{"class":65},[47,116108,37459],{"class":69},[47,116110,66],{"class":65},[47,116112,132],{"class":61},[47,116114,116115],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,116116,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116118,116119,116121,116123,116125],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,116120,139],{"class":138},[47,116122,117],{"class":61},[47,116124,16276],{"class":113},[47,116126,132],{"class":61},[47,116128,116129],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,116130,115317],{"class":152},[33,116132,2429],{"id":2428},[244,116134,2433,116136,97719],{"id":116135},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116137,97740],{},[20,116139,97722,116140,110],{},[15,116141,269],{},[244,116143,28733,116144,32633],{"id":32630},[15,116145,1636],{},[20,116147,116148],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[244,116150,5823,116152,5036,116154,3143],{"id":116151},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116153,96629],{},[15,116155,1636],{},[20,116157,116158,116160,116161,116163],{},[15,116159,96629],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116162,1636],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[244,116165,116167],{"id":116166},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116169,116170,116171,115166],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116172,1636],{},[244,116174,116176],{"id":116175},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116178,156,116179,11728,116181,110],{},[15,116180,103225],{},[15,116182,1636],{},[33,116184,2526],{"id":2525},[174,116186,116187,116194,116201,116207,116213],{},[177,116188,116189],{},[210,116190,116191],{"href":98926},[15,116192,116193],{},"Python set add() method",[177,116195,116196],{},[210,116197,116198],{"href":103222},[15,116199,116200],{},"Python set union() method",[177,116202,116203],{},[210,116204,116205],{"href":98309},[15,116206,97764],{},[177,116208,116209],{},[210,116210,116211],{"href":99503},[15,116212,100770],{},[177,116214,116215],{},[210,116216,116217,116219],{"href":53019},[15,116218,115986],{}," fix",[20,116221,116222,116223,116225,116226,116228],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116224,96634],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116227,108469],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2563,116230,116231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":116233},[116234,116235,116237,116238,116239,116240,116241,116242,116244,116249,116256,116265],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":114464,"depth":98,"text":116236},"What set.update() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":22371,"depth":98,"text":22372},{"id":114850,"depth":98,"text":114851},{"id":114953,"depth":98,"text":114954},{"id":115160,"depth":98,"text":115161},{"id":115320,"depth":98,"text":116243},"update() vs add()",{"id":115540,"depth":98,"text":116245,"children":116246},"update() vs union()",[116247,116248],{"id":30870,"depth":135,"text":1636},{"id":111695,"depth":135,"text":103225},{"id":115740,"depth":98,"text":115741,"children":116250},[116251,116252,116253,116254],{"id":115748,"depth":135,"text":115749},{"id":115878,"depth":135,"text":115879},{"id":115989,"depth":135,"text":115990},{"id":116061,"depth":135,"text":116255},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":116257},[116258,116260,116261,116263,116264],{"id":116135,"depth":135,"text":116259},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32630,"depth":135,"text":32703},{"id":116151,"depth":135,"text":116262},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116166,"depth":135,"text":116167},{"id":116175,"depth":135,"text":116176},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114376,"description":116266},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116272,"title":116273,"body":116274,"description":118040,"extension":2611,"meta":118041,"navigation":357,"path":14407,"seo":118042,"stem":118043,"__hash__":118044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116275,"toc":118015},[116276,116279,116282,116285,116296,116304,116307,116309,116458,116470,116474,116491,116495,116503,116505,116516,116518,116615,116621,116624,116720,116729,116734,116738,116743,116745,116755,116757,116866,116874,116878,116881,116884,116901,116907,116987,116990,116994,116997,117001,117004,117063,117066,117070,117073,117165,117169,117172,117279,117283,117289,117317,117319,117401,117411,117415,117418,117429,117432,117517,117520,117525,117529,117532,117543,117546,117688,117691,117695,117698,117712,117715,117776,117782,117784,117787,117809,117812,117912,117915,117947,117949,117953,117956,117958,117961,117965,117968,117972,117975,117979,117982,117984,118012],[10,116277,116273],{"id":116278},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116280,116281],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116283,116284],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[174,116286,116287,116290,116293],{},[177,116288,116289],{},"a list inside another list",[177,116291,116292],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[177,116294,116295],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116297,100692,116298,5036,116300,116303],{},[278,116299,13478],{},[278,116301,116302],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116305,116306],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[33,116308,36],{"id":35},[38,116310,116312],{"className":40,"code":116311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116313,116314,116321,116325,116351,116371,116391,116395,116413,116417,116430,116444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116315,116316,116318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116317,35500],{"class":1107},[47,116319,116320],{"class":53}," copy\n",[47,116322,116323],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,116324,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116326,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,116328,1986],{"class":53},[47,116330,58],{"class":57},[47,116332,56714],{"class":61},[47,116334,917],{"class":349},[47,116336,75],{"class":61},[47,116338,2409],{"class":349},[47,116340,959],{"class":61},[47,116342,62],{"class":61},[47,116344,2711],{"class":349},[47,116346,75],{"class":61},[47,116348,3108],{"class":349},[47,116350,53662],{"class":61},[47,116352,116353,116356,116358,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,116354,116355],{"class":53},"shallow ",[47,116357,58],{"class":57},[47,116359,116360],{"class":53}," copy",[47,116362,110],{"class":61},[47,116364,13539],{"class":113},[47,116366,117],{"class":61},[47,116368,2052],{"class":113},[47,116370,132],{"class":61},[47,116372,116373,116376,116378,116380,116382,116385,116387,116389],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,116374,116375],{"class":53},"deep ",[47,116377,58],{"class":57},[47,116379,116360],{"class":53},[47,116381,110],{"class":61},[47,116383,116384],{"class":113},"deepcopy",[47,116386,117],{"class":61},[47,116388,2052],{"class":113},[47,116390,132],{"class":61},[47,116392,116393],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,116394,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116396,116397,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,116398,2052],{"class":53},[47,116400,669],{"class":61},[47,116402,436],{"class":349},[47,116404,909],{"class":61},[47,116406,912],{"class":113},[47,116408,117],{"class":61},[47,116410,56767],{"class":349},[47,116412,132],{"class":61},[47,116414,116415],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,116416,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116418,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,116420,139],{"class":138},[47,116422,117],{"class":61},[47,116424,2052],{"class":113},[47,116426,4313],{"class":61},[47,116428,116429],{"class":152},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116431,116432,116434,116436,116439,116441],{"class":49,"line":7080},[47,116433,139],{"class":138},[47,116435,117],{"class":61},[47,116437,116438],{"class":113},"shallow",[47,116440,4313],{"class":61},[47,116442,116443],{"class":152},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116445,116446,116448,116450,116453,116455],{"class":49,"line":12226},[47,116447,139],{"class":138},[47,116449,117],{"class":61},[47,116451,116452],{"class":113},"deep",[47,116454,4313],{"class":61},[47,116456,116457],{"class":152},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116459,156,116460,116463,116464,5036,116466,116469],{},[15,116461,116462],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[278,116465,13478],{},[15,116467,116468],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[33,116471,116473],{"id":116472},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[174,116475,116476,116479,116482,116485,116488],{},[177,116477,116478],{},"What a copy means in Python",[177,116480,116481],{},"How shallow copy works",[177,116483,116484],{},"How deep copy works",[177,116486,116487],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[177,116489,116490],{},"When to use each approach",[33,116492,116494],{"id":116493},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116496,15799,116497,116499,116500,116502],{},[278,116498,13478],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[278,116501,1369],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116504,2756],{},[174,116506,116507,116510,116513],{},[177,116508,116509],{},"the outer container is new",[177,116511,116512],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[177,116514,116515],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116517,603],{},[38,116519,116521],{"className":40,"code":116520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116522,116523,116549,116563,116567,116585,116589,116602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116524,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116526,1986],{"class":53},[47,116528,58],{"class":57},[47,116530,56714],{"class":61},[47,116532,917],{"class":349},[47,116534,75],{"class":61},[47,116536,2409],{"class":349},[47,116538,959],{"class":61},[47,116540,62],{"class":61},[47,116542,2711],{"class":349},[47,116544,75],{"class":61},[47,116546,3108],{"class":349},[47,116548,53662],{"class":61},[47,116550,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559,116561],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,116552,14926],{"class":53},[47,116554,58],{"class":57},[47,116556,12789],{"class":53},[47,116558,110],{"class":61},[47,116560,13539],{"class":113},[47,116562,9288],{"class":61},[47,116564,116565],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,116566,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116568,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,116570,14945],{"class":53},[47,116572,110],{"class":61},[47,116574,912],{"class":113},[47,116576,1258],{"class":61},[47,116578,2784],{"class":349},[47,116580,75],{"class":61},[47,116582,38056],{"class":349},[47,116584,2166],{"class":61},[47,116586,116587],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,116588,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116590,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,116592,139],{"class":138},[47,116594,117],{"class":61},[47,116596,2052],{"class":113},[47,116598,4313],{"class":61},[47,116600,116601],{"class":152},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116603,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,116605,139],{"class":138},[47,116607,117],{"class":61},[47,116609,14945],{"class":113},[47,116611,4313],{"class":61},[47,116613,116614],{"class":152},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116616,116617,116618,116620],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116619,14945],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116622,116623],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[38,116625,116627],{"className":40,"code":116626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116628,116629,116655,116669,116673,116691,116695,116707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116630,116631,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116632,1986],{"class":53},[47,116634,58],{"class":57},[47,116636,56714],{"class":61},[47,116638,917],{"class":349},[47,116640,75],{"class":61},[47,116642,2409],{"class":349},[47,116644,959],{"class":61},[47,116646,62],{"class":61},[47,116648,2711],{"class":349},[47,116650,75],{"class":61},[47,116652,3108],{"class":349},[47,116654,53662],{"class":61},[47,116656,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,116658,14926],{"class":53},[47,116660,58],{"class":57},[47,116662,12789],{"class":53},[47,116664,110],{"class":61},[47,116666,13539],{"class":113},[47,116668,9288],{"class":61},[47,116670,116671],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,116672,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116674,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,116676,14945],{"class":53},[47,116678,669],{"class":61},[47,116680,436],{"class":349},[47,116682,909],{"class":61},[47,116684,912],{"class":113},[47,116686,117],{"class":61},[47,116688,56767],{"class":349},[47,116690,132],{"class":61},[47,116692,116693],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,116694,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116696,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,116698,139],{"class":138},[47,116700,117],{"class":61},[47,116702,2052],{"class":113},[47,116704,4313],{"class":61},[47,116706,116429],{"class":152},[47,116708,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,116710,139],{"class":138},[47,116712,117],{"class":61},[47,116714,14945],{"class":113},[47,116716,4313],{"class":61},[47,116718,116719],{"class":152},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116721,116722,116723,5036,116725,116728],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116724,56871],{},[15,116726,116727],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116730,116731,116732,110],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[210,116733,44352],{"href":12695},[33,116735,116737],{"id":116736},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116739,15799,116740,116742],{},[278,116741,116302],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116744,2756],{},[174,116746,116747,116749,116752],{},[177,116748,116509],{},[177,116750,116751],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[177,116753,116754],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116756,603],{},[38,116758,116760],{"className":40,"code":116759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116761,116762,116768,116772,116798,116816,116820,116838,116842,116854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116763,116764,116766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116765,35500],{"class":1107},[47,116767,116320],{"class":53},[47,116769,116770],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,116771,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116773,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,116775,1986],{"class":53},[47,116777,58],{"class":57},[47,116779,56714],{"class":61},[47,116781,917],{"class":349},[47,116783,75],{"class":61},[47,116785,2409],{"class":349},[47,116787,959],{"class":61},[47,116789,62],{"class":61},[47,116791,2711],{"class":349},[47,116793,75],{"class":61},[47,116795,3108],{"class":349},[47,116797,53662],{"class":61},[47,116799,116800,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812,116814],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,116801,14926],{"class":53},[47,116803,58],{"class":57},[47,116805,116360],{"class":53},[47,116807,110],{"class":61},[47,116809,116384],{"class":113},[47,116811,117],{"class":61},[47,116813,2052],{"class":113},[47,116815,132],{"class":61},[47,116817,116818],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,116819,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116821,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,116823,14945],{"class":53},[47,116825,669],{"class":61},[47,116827,436],{"class":349},[47,116829,909],{"class":61},[47,116831,912],{"class":113},[47,116833,117],{"class":61},[47,116835,56767],{"class":349},[47,116837,132],{"class":61},[47,116839,116840],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,116841,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116843,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,116845,139],{"class":138},[47,116847,117],{"class":61},[47,116849,2052],{"class":113},[47,116851,4313],{"class":61},[47,116853,116601],{"class":152},[47,116855,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,116857,139],{"class":138},[47,116859,117],{"class":61},[47,116861,14945],{"class":113},[47,116863,4313],{"class":61},[47,116865,116719],{"class":152},[20,116867,116868,116869,116871,116872,110],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116870,116727],{}," does not change ",[15,116873,56871],{},[33,116875,116877],{"id":116876},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116879,116880],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116882,116883],{},"Common reasons:",[174,116885,116886,116889,116892,116898],{},[177,116887,116888],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[177,116890,116891],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[177,116893,116894,116895,116897],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116896,58],{}," does not make a copy",[177,116899,116900],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116902,116903,116904,116906],{},"For example, this does ",[278,116905,1369],{}," create a copy:",[38,116908,116910],{"className":40,"code":116909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116911,116912,116932,116940,116944,116958,116962,116974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116913,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116915,1986],{"class":53},[47,116917,58],{"class":57},[47,116919,62],{"class":61},[47,116921,917],{"class":349},[47,116923,75],{"class":61},[47,116925,2409],{"class":349},[47,116927,75],{"class":61},[47,116929,2414],{"class":349},[47,116931,95],{"class":61},[47,116933,116934,116936,116938],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,116935,14926],{"class":53},[47,116937,58],{"class":57},[47,116939,12753],{"class":53},[47,116941,116942],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,116943,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116945,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,116947,14945],{"class":53},[47,116949,110],{"class":61},[47,116951,912],{"class":113},[47,116953,117],{"class":61},[47,116955,3156],{"class":349},[47,116957,132],{"class":61},[47,116959,116960],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,116961,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,116963,116964,116966,116968,116970,116972],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,116965,139],{"class":138},[47,116967,117],{"class":61},[47,116969,2052],{"class":113},[47,116971,4313],{"class":61},[47,116973,56121],{"class":152},[47,116975,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,116977,139],{"class":138},[47,116979,117],{"class":61},[47,116981,14945],{"class":113},[47,116983,4313],{"class":61},[47,116985,116986],{"class":152},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116988,116989],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[33,116991,116993],{"id":116992},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116995,116996],{},"These three ideas are different.",[244,116998,117000],{"id":116999},"assignment","Assignment",[20,117002,117003],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[38,117005,117007],{"className":40,"code":117006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,117008,117009,117035,117043,117047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117010,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117012,1986],{"class":53},[47,117014,58],{"class":57},[47,117016,56714],{"class":61},[47,117018,917],{"class":349},[47,117020,75],{"class":61},[47,117022,2409],{"class":349},[47,117024,959],{"class":61},[47,117026,62],{"class":61},[47,117028,2711],{"class":349},[47,117030,75],{"class":61},[47,117032,3108],{"class":349},[47,117034,53662],{"class":61},[47,117036,117037,117039,117041],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117038,14717],{"class":53},[47,117040,58],{"class":57},[47,117042,12753],{"class":53},[47,117044,117045],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117046,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117048,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117050,139],{"class":138},[47,117052,117],{"class":61},[47,117054,1986],{"class":113},[47,117056,12822],{"class":1107},[47,117058,14785],{"class":113},[47,117060,4313],{"class":61},[47,117062,4316],{"class":152},[20,117064,117065],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[244,117067,117069],{"id":117068},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,117071,117072],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[38,117074,117076],{"className":40,"code":117075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,117077,117078,117104,117118,117122,117139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117079,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096,117098,117100,117102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117081,1986],{"class":53},[47,117083,58],{"class":57},[47,117085,56714],{"class":61},[47,117087,917],{"class":349},[47,117089,75],{"class":61},[47,117091,2409],{"class":349},[47,117093,959],{"class":61},[47,117095,62],{"class":61},[47,117097,2711],{"class":349},[47,117099,75],{"class":61},[47,117101,3108],{"class":349},[47,117103,53662],{"class":61},[47,117105,117106,117108,117110,117112,117114,117116],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117107,116355],{"class":53},[47,117109,58],{"class":57},[47,117111,12789],{"class":53},[47,117113,110],{"class":61},[47,117115,13539],{"class":113},[47,117117,9288],{"class":61},[47,117119,117120],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117121,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117123,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132,117135,117137],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117125,139],{"class":138},[47,117127,117],{"class":61},[47,117129,1986],{"class":113},[47,117131,12822],{"class":1107},[47,117133,117134],{"class":113}," shallow",[47,117136,4313],{"class":61},[47,117138,21602],{"class":152},[47,117140,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,117142,139],{"class":138},[47,117144,117],{"class":61},[47,117146,2052],{"class":113},[47,117148,669],{"class":61},[47,117150,436],{"class":349},[47,117152,678],{"class":61},[47,117154,8742],{"class":1107},[47,117156,117134],{"class":113},[47,117158,669],{"class":61},[47,117160,436],{"class":349},[47,117162,20847],{"class":61},[47,117164,4316],{"class":152},[244,117166,117168],{"id":117167},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117170,117171],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[38,117173,117175],{"className":40,"code":117174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117176,117177,117183,117187,117213,117231,117235,117253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117178,117179,117181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117180,35500],{"class":1107},[47,117182,116320],{"class":53},[47,117184,117185],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117186,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117188,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117211],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117190,1986],{"class":53},[47,117192,58],{"class":57},[47,117194,56714],{"class":61},[47,117196,917],{"class":349},[47,117198,75],{"class":61},[47,117200,2409],{"class":349},[47,117202,959],{"class":61},[47,117204,62],{"class":61},[47,117206,2711],{"class":349},[47,117208,75],{"class":61},[47,117210,3108],{"class":349},[47,117212,53662],{"class":61},[47,117214,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117216,116375],{"class":53},[47,117218,58],{"class":57},[47,117220,116360],{"class":53},[47,117222,110],{"class":61},[47,117224,116384],{"class":113},[47,117226,117],{"class":61},[47,117228,2052],{"class":113},[47,117230,132],{"class":61},[47,117232,117233],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,117234,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117236,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245,117248,117250],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,117238,139],{"class":138},[47,117240,117],{"class":61},[47,117242,1986],{"class":113},[47,117244,12822],{"class":1107},[47,117246,117247],{"class":113}," deep",[47,117249,4313],{"class":61},[47,117251,117252],{"class":152},"         # False\n",[47,117254,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,117256,139],{"class":138},[47,117258,117],{"class":61},[47,117260,2052],{"class":113},[47,117262,669],{"class":61},[47,117264,436],{"class":349},[47,117266,678],{"class":61},[47,117268,8742],{"class":1107},[47,117270,117247],{"class":113},[47,117272,669],{"class":61},[47,117274,436],{"class":349},[47,117276,20847],{"class":61},[47,117278,44288],{"class":152},[33,117280,117282],{"id":117281},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117284,117285,117286,172],{},"These all make ",[278,117287,117288],{},"shallow copies",[174,117290,117291,117295,117299,117304,117310],{},[177,117292,117293],{},[15,117294,56021],{},[177,117296,117297],{},[15,117298,13063],{},[177,117300,117301],{},[15,117302,117303],{},"set.copy()",[177,117305,117306,117307],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117308,117309],{},"my_list[:]",[177,117311,117312,117314,117315,35490],{},[15,117313,116462],{}," from the ",[15,117316,13539],{},[20,117318,1237],{},[38,117320,117322],{"className":40,"code":117321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117323,117324,117344,117348,117362,117373,117377,117389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117325,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117327,4270],{"class":53},[47,117329,58],{"class":57},[47,117331,62],{"class":61},[47,117333,917],{"class":349},[47,117335,75],{"class":61},[47,117337,2409],{"class":349},[47,117339,75],{"class":61},[47,117341,2414],{"class":349},[47,117343,95],{"class":61},[47,117345,117346],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117347,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117349,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117351,3206],{"class":53},[47,117353,58],{"class":57},[47,117355,4905],{"class":53},[47,117357,110],{"class":61},[47,117359,13539],{"class":113},[47,117361,9288],{"class":61},[47,117363,117364,117366,117368,117370],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117365,3234],{"class":53},[47,117367,58],{"class":57},[47,117369,4905],{"class":53},[47,117371,117372],{"class":61},"[:]\n",[47,117374,117375],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,117376,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117378,117379,117381,117383,117385,117387],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,117380,139],{"class":138},[47,117382,117],{"class":61},[47,117384,210],{"class":113},[47,117386,4313],{"class":61},[47,117388,55352],{"class":152},[47,117390,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,117392,139],{"class":138},[47,117394,117],{"class":61},[47,117396,854],{"class":113},[47,117398,4313],{"class":61},[47,117400,55352],{"class":152},[20,117402,73563,117403,47951,117407,110],{},[210,117404,117405,1637],{"href":55380},[15,117406,56021],{},[210,117408,117409,1637],{"href":13060},[15,117410,13063],{},[33,117412,117414],{"id":117413},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117416,117417],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[174,117419,117420,117423,117426],{},[177,117421,117422],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[177,117424,117425],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[177,117427,117428],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117430,117431],{},"Example with a flat list:",[38,117433,117435],{"className":40,"code":117434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117436,117437,117457,117471,117475,117489,117493,117505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117438,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117440,1986],{"class":53},[47,117442,58],{"class":57},[47,117444,62],{"class":61},[47,117446,917],{"class":349},[47,117448,75],{"class":61},[47,117450,2409],{"class":349},[47,117452,75],{"class":61},[47,117454,2414],{"class":349},[47,117456,95],{"class":61},[47,117458,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117460,14926],{"class":53},[47,117462,58],{"class":57},[47,117464,12789],{"class":53},[47,117466,110],{"class":61},[47,117468,13539],{"class":113},[47,117470,9288],{"class":61},[47,117472,117473],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117474,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117476,117477,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117478,14945],{"class":53},[47,117480,110],{"class":61},[47,117482,912],{"class":113},[47,117484,117],{"class":61},[47,117486,3156],{"class":349},[47,117488,132],{"class":61},[47,117490,117491],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,117492,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117494,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,117496,139],{"class":138},[47,117498,117],{"class":61},[47,117500,2052],{"class":113},[47,117502,4313],{"class":61},[47,117504,55352],{"class":152},[47,117506,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,117508,139],{"class":138},[47,117510,117],{"class":61},[47,117512,14945],{"class":113},[47,117514,4313],{"class":61},[47,117516,116986],{"class":152},[20,117518,117519],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117521,117522,117523,110],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[210,117524,15501],{"href":57640},[33,117526,117528],{"id":117527},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117530,117531],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[174,117533,117534,117537,117540],{},[177,117535,117536],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[177,117538,117539],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[177,117541,117542],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117544,117545],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[38,117547,117549],{"className":40,"code":117548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117550,117551,117557,117561,117587,117601,117619,117623,117645,117649,117662,117675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117552,117553,117555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117554,35500],{"class":1107},[47,117556,116320],{"class":53},[47,117558,117559],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117560,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117562,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117564,1986],{"class":53},[47,117566,58],{"class":57},[47,117568,1096],{"class":61},[47,117570,66],{"class":65},[47,117572,1361],{"class":69},[47,117574,66],{"class":65},[47,117576,172],{"class":61},[47,117578,62],{"class":61},[47,117580,2981],{"class":349},[47,117582,75],{"class":61},[47,117584,8436],{"class":349},[47,117586,988],{"class":61},[47,117588,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117590,116355],{"class":53},[47,117592,58],{"class":57},[47,117594,12789],{"class":53},[47,117596,110],{"class":61},[47,117598,13539],{"class":113},[47,117600,9288],{"class":61},[47,117602,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,117604,116375],{"class":53},[47,117606,58],{"class":57},[47,117608,116360],{"class":53},[47,117610,110],{"class":61},[47,117612,116384],{"class":113},[47,117614,117],{"class":61},[47,117616,2052],{"class":113},[47,117618,132],{"class":61},[47,117620,117621],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,117622,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117624,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,117626,2052],{"class":53},[47,117628,669],{"class":61},[47,117630,66],{"class":65},[47,117632,1361],{"class":69},[47,117634,66],{"class":65},[47,117636,909],{"class":61},[47,117638,912],{"class":113},[47,117640,117],{"class":61},[47,117642,37253],{"class":349},[47,117644,132],{"class":61},[47,117646,117647],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,117648,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117650,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,117652,139],{"class":138},[47,117654,117],{"class":61},[47,117656,2052],{"class":113},[47,117658,4313],{"class":61},[47,117660,117661],{"class":152},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117663,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672],{"class":49,"line":7080},[47,117665,139],{"class":138},[47,117667,117],{"class":61},[47,117669,116438],{"class":113},[47,117671,4313],{"class":61},[47,117673,117674],{"class":152},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117676,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685],{"class":49,"line":12226},[47,117678,139],{"class":138},[47,117680,117],{"class":61},[47,117682,116452],{"class":113},[47,117684,4313],{"class":61},[47,117686,117687],{"class":152},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117689,117690],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[33,117692,117694],{"id":117693},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117696,117697],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[174,117699,117700,117703,117706,117709],{},[177,117701,117702],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[177,117704,117705],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[177,117707,117708],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[177,117710,117711],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117713,117714],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[38,117716,117718],{"className":40,"code":117717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117719,117720,117728,117736,117740,117748,117752,117764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117721,117722,117724,117726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117723,3206],{"class":53},[47,117725,58],{"class":57},[47,117727,3239],{"class":349},[47,117729,117730,117732,117734],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117731,3234],{"class":53},[47,117733,58],{"class":57},[47,117735,36586],{"class":53},[47,117737,117738],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117739,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117741,117742,117744,117746],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117743,3234],{"class":53},[47,117745,58],{"class":57},[47,117747,15229],{"class":349},[47,117749,117750],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,117751,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,117753,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,117755,139],{"class":138},[47,117757,117],{"class":61},[47,117759,210],{"class":113},[47,117761,4313],{"class":61},[47,117763,27199],{"class":152},[47,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,117767,139],{"class":138},[47,117769,117],{"class":61},[47,117771,854],{"class":113},[47,117773,4313],{"class":61},[47,117775,28020],{"class":152},[20,117777,93934,117778,117781],{},[210,117779,117780],{"href":12695},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[33,117783,1641],{"id":1640},[20,117785,117786],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[174,117788,117789,117793,117798,117803,117806],{},[177,117790,453,117791,57204],{},[15,117792,58],{},[177,117794,453,117795,117797],{},[15,117796,56021],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[177,117799,453,117800,117802],{},[15,117801,13063],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[177,117804,117805],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[177,117807,117808],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117810,117811],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[38,117813,117815],{"className":40,"code":117814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117816,117817,117831,117845,117867,117898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117818,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117820,139],{"class":138},[47,117822,117],{"class":61},[47,117824,1986],{"class":113},[47,117826,12822],{"class":1107},[47,117828,14999],{"class":113},[47,117830,132],{"class":61},[47,117832,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,117834,139],{"class":138},[47,117836,117],{"class":61},[47,117838,1986],{"class":113},[47,117840,5332],{"class":57},[47,117842,14999],{"class":113},[47,117844,132],{"class":61},[47,117846,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,117848,139],{"class":138},[47,117850,117],{"class":61},[47,117852,13278],{"class":138},[47,117854,117],{"class":61},[47,117856,2052],{"class":113},[47,117858,9875],{"class":61},[47,117860,15430],{"class":138},[47,117862,117],{"class":61},[47,117864,14945],{"class":113},[47,117866,2266],{"class":61},[47,117868,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,117870,139],{"class":138},[47,117872,117],{"class":61},[47,117874,13278],{"class":138},[47,117876,117],{"class":61},[47,117878,2052],{"class":113},[47,117880,669],{"class":61},[47,117882,436],{"class":349},[47,117884,117885],{"class":61},"]),",[47,117887,15430],{"class":138},[47,117889,117],{"class":61},[47,117891,14945],{"class":113},[47,117893,669],{"class":61},[47,117895,436],{"class":349},[47,117897,3649],{"class":61},[47,117899,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,117901,139],{"class":138},[47,117903,117],{"class":61},[47,117905,2392],{"class":106},[47,117907,117],{"class":61},[47,117909,2052],{"class":113},[47,117911,2266],{"class":61},[20,117913,117914],{},"What they tell you:",[174,117916,117917,117922,117927,117932,117942],{},[177,117918,117919,117921],{},[15,117920,12822],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[177,117923,117924,117926],{},[15,117925,5332],{}," checks whether values are equal",[177,117928,117929,117931],{},[15,117930,43904],{}," shows the identity of an object",[177,117933,117934,117935,5036,117938,117941],{},"comparing ",[15,117936,117937],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117939,117940],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[177,117943,117944,117946],{},[15,117945,2952],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[33,117948,2429],{"id":2428},[244,117950,117952],{"id":117951},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117954,117955],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[244,117957,57690],{"id":57605},[20,117959,117960],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[244,117962,117964],{"id":117963},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117966,117967],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[244,117969,117971],{"id":117970},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117973,117974],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[244,117976,117978],{"id":117977},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117980,117981],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[33,117983,2526],{"id":2525},[174,117985,117986,117991,117997,118003,118007],{},[177,117987,117988],{},[210,117989,117990],{"href":12695},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[177,117992,117993],{},[210,117994,4226,117995,1637],{"href":55380},[15,117996,56021],{},[177,117998,117999],{},[210,118000,4226,118001,1637],{"href":13060},[15,118002,13063],{},[177,118004,118005],{},[210,118006,15577],{"href":57640},[177,118008,118009],{},[210,118010,118011],{"href":58915},"What is a list in Python?",[2563,118013,118014],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":118016},[118017,118018,118019,118020,118021,118022,118027,118028,118029,118030,118031,118032,118039],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":116472,"depth":98,"text":116473},{"id":116493,"depth":98,"text":116494},{"id":116736,"depth":98,"text":116737},{"id":116876,"depth":98,"text":116877},{"id":116992,"depth":98,"text":116993,"children":118023},[118024,118025,118026],{"id":116999,"depth":135,"text":117000},{"id":117068,"depth":135,"text":117069},{"id":117167,"depth":135,"text":117168},{"id":117281,"depth":98,"text":117282},{"id":117413,"depth":98,"text":117414},{"id":117527,"depth":98,"text":117528},{"id":117693,"depth":98,"text":117694},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":118033},[118034,118035,118036,118037,118038],{"id":117951,"depth":135,"text":117952},{"id":57605,"depth":135,"text":57690},{"id":117963,"depth":135,"text":117964},{"id":117970,"depth":135,"text":117971},{"id":117977,"depth":135,"text":117978},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116273,"description":118040},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118046,"title":118047,"body":118048,"description":119905,"extension":2611,"meta":119906,"navigation":357,"path":119907,"seo":119908,"stem":119909,"__hash__":119910},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118049,"toc":119863},[118050,118055,118060,118068,118070,118138,118143,118148,118163,118166,118168,118199,118201,118221,118224,118239,118241,118244,118317,118319,118364,118366,118377,118382,118386,118391,118394,118433,118435,118455,118458,118515,118517,118552,118555,118594,118596,118616,118619,118650,118652,118708,118710,118715,118786,118788,118821,118826,118831,118896,118898,118935,118938,119015,119017,119077,119084,119089,119092,119095,119176,119178,119219,119224,119227,119305,119307,119340,119349,119356,119359,119370,119373,119384,119388,119396,119405,119409,119414,119418,119423,119466,119469,119475,119478,119480,119527,119532,119536,119539,119588,119590,119611,119614,119616,119641,119644,119765,119770,119772,119777,119780,119785,119788,119796,119801,119808,119811,119819,119822,119824,119860],[10,118051,4226,118053,4230],{"id":118052},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,118054,74847],{},[20,118056,118057,118059],{},[15,118058,74847],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,118061,118062,118063,2838,118065,118067],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,118064,78290],{},[15,118066,74847],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[33,118069,4260],{"id":4259},[38,118071,118073],{"className":40,"code":118072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118074,118075,118095,118109,118113,118125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118076,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118078,4270],{"class":53},[47,118080,58],{"class":57},[47,118082,62],{"class":61},[47,118084,2711],{"class":349},[47,118086,75],{"class":61},[47,118088,2002],{"class":349},[47,118090,75],{"class":61},[47,118092,2409],{"class":349},[47,118094,95],{"class":61},[47,118096,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118098,2879],{"class":53},[47,118100,58],{"class":57},[47,118102,74981],{"class":138},[47,118104,117],{"class":61},[47,118106,4300],{"class":113},[47,118108,132],{"class":61},[47,118110,118111],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,118112,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,118114,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,118116,139],{"class":138},[47,118118,117],{"class":61},[47,118120,2914],{"class":113},[47,118122,4313],{"class":61},[47,118124,56108],{"class":152},[47,118126,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,118128,139],{"class":138},[47,118130,117],{"class":61},[47,118132,4300],{"class":113},[47,118134,4313],{"class":61},[47,118136,118137],{"class":152},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118139,118140,118142],{},[15,118141,74847],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[33,118144,164,118146,167],{"id":118145},"what-sorted-does",[15,118147,74847],{},[174,118149,118150,118154,118157,118160],{},[177,118151,118152,63348],{},[15,118153,74847],{},[177,118155,118156],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[177,118158,118159],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[177,118161,118162],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118164,118165],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[33,118167,2806],{"id":2805},[38,118169,118171],{"className":40,"code":118170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118172,118173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118174,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118176,74937],{"class":138},[47,118178,117],{"class":61},[47,118180,235],{"class":113},[47,118182,75],{"class":61},[47,118184,21981],{"class":9818},[47,118186,58],{"class":57},[47,118188,269],{"class":559},[47,118190,75],{"class":61},[47,118192,78493],{"class":9818},[47,118194,58],{"class":57},[47,118196,4326],{"class":559},[47,118198,132],{"class":61},[244,118200,247],{"id":246},[174,118202,118203,118208,118213],{},[177,118204,118205,118207],{},[15,118206,235],{},": the values to sort",[177,118209,118210,118212],{},[15,118211,1099],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[177,118214,118215,118217,118218,118220],{},[15,118216,74000],{},": set to ",[15,118219,4255],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118222,118223],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[38,118225,118227],{"className":40,"code":118226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118228,118229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118230,118231,118233,118235,118237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118232,74937],{"class":138},[47,118234,117],{"class":61},[47,118236,60729],{"class":113},[47,118238,132],{"class":61},[33,118240,12109],{"id":12108},[20,118242,118243],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[38,118245,118247],{"className":40,"code":118246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118248,118249,118273,118277,118292,118296,118307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118250,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118252,4270],{"class":53},[47,118254,58],{"class":57},[47,118256,62],{"class":61},[47,118258,2784],{"class":349},[47,118260,75],{"class":61},[47,118262,2409],{"class":349},[47,118264,75],{"class":61},[47,118266,7004],{"class":349},[47,118268,75],{"class":61},[47,118270,2002],{"class":349},[47,118272,95],{"class":61},[47,118274,118275],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118276,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,118278,118279,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,118280,118281],{"class":53},"sorted_numbers ",[47,118283,58],{"class":57},[47,118285,74981],{"class":138},[47,118287,117],{"class":61},[47,118289,4300],{"class":113},[47,118291,132],{"class":61},[47,118293,118294],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,118295,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,118297,118298,118300,118302,118305],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,118299,139],{"class":138},[47,118301,117],{"class":61},[47,118303,118304],{"class":113},"sorted_numbers",[47,118306,132],{"class":61},[47,118308,118309,118311,118313,118315],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,118310,139],{"class":138},[47,118312,117],{"class":61},[47,118314,4300],{"class":113},[47,118316,132],{"class":61},[20,118318,372],{},[38,118320,118322],{"className":40,"code":118321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118323,118324,118344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118325,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118327,669],{"class":61},[47,118329,917],{"class":349},[47,118331,75],{"class":61},[47,118333,2409],{"class":349},[47,118335,75],{"class":61},[47,118337,5249],{"class":349},[47,118339,75],{"class":61},[47,118341,7004],{"class":349},[47,118343,95],{"class":61},[47,118345,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118347,669],{"class":61},[47,118349,2784],{"class":349},[47,118351,75],{"class":61},[47,118353,2409],{"class":349},[47,118355,75],{"class":61},[47,118357,7004],{"class":349},[47,118359,75],{"class":61},[47,118361,2002],{"class":349},[47,118363,95],{"class":61},[20,118365,14380],{},[174,118367,118368,118373],{},[177,118369,118370,118372],{},[15,118371,118304],{}," is a new sorted list",[177,118374,118375,112909],{},[15,118376,4300],{},[20,118378,118379,118380,110],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[210,118381,78800],{"href":78799},[33,118383,118385],{"id":118384},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118387,118388,118390],{},[15,118389,74847],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[244,118392,118393],{"id":1892},"List",[38,118395,118397],{"className":40,"code":118396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118398,118399,118419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118400,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118402,4270],{"class":53},[47,118404,58],{"class":57},[47,118406,62],{"class":61},[47,118408,2711],{"class":349},[47,118410,75],{"class":61},[47,118412,2002],{"class":349},[47,118414,75],{"class":61},[47,118416,2409],{"class":349},[47,118418,95],{"class":61},[47,118420,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118422,139],{"class":138},[47,118424,117],{"class":61},[47,118426,74937],{"class":138},[47,118428,117],{"class":61},[47,118430,4300],{"class":113},[47,118432,2266],{"class":61},[20,118434,372],{},[38,118436,118437],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118438,118439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118440,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118442,669],{"class":61},[47,118444,917],{"class":349},[47,118446,75],{"class":61},[47,118448,2409],{"class":349},[47,118450,75],{"class":61},[47,118452,2414],{"class":349},[47,118454,95],{"class":61},[244,118456,118457],{"id":49371},"Tuple",[38,118459,118461],{"className":40,"code":118460,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118462,118463,118483,118497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118464,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118466,4470],{"class":53},[47,118468,58],{"class":57},[47,118470,9878],{"class":61},[47,118472,2711],{"class":349},[47,118474,75],{"class":61},[47,118476,2002],{"class":349},[47,118478,75],{"class":61},[47,118480,2409],{"class":349},[47,118482,132],{"class":61},[47,118484,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118486,139],{"class":138},[47,118488,117],{"class":61},[47,118490,74937],{"class":138},[47,118492,117],{"class":61},[47,118494,6003],{"class":113},[47,118496,2266],{"class":61},[47,118498,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,118500,139],{"class":138},[47,118502,117],{"class":61},[47,118504,2392],{"class":106},[47,118506,117],{"class":61},[47,118508,74937],{"class":138},[47,118510,117],{"class":61},[47,118512,6003],{"class":113},[47,118514,2425],{"class":61},[20,118516,372],{},[38,118518,118520],{"className":40,"code":118519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118521,118522,118538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118523,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118525,669],{"class":61},[47,118527,917],{"class":349},[47,118529,75],{"class":61},[47,118531,2409],{"class":349},[47,118533,75],{"class":61},[47,118535,2414],{"class":349},[47,118537,95],{"class":61},[47,118539,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118541,3941],{"class":57},[47,118543,3944],{"class":2714},[47,118545,398],{"class":65},[47,118547,1892],{"class":69},[47,118549,385],{"class":65},[47,118551,3953],{"class":57},[244,118553,118554],{"id":6931},"Set",[38,118556,118558],{"className":40,"code":118557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118559,118560,118580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118561,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118563,4470],{"class":53},[47,118565,58],{"class":57},[47,118567,1096],{"class":61},[47,118569,2711],{"class":349},[47,118571,75],{"class":61},[47,118573,2002],{"class":349},[47,118575,75],{"class":61},[47,118577,2409],{"class":349},[47,118579,421],{"class":61},[47,118581,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118583,139],{"class":138},[47,118585,117],{"class":61},[47,118587,74937],{"class":138},[47,118589,117],{"class":61},[47,118591,6003],{"class":113},[47,118593,2266],{"class":61},[20,118595,372],{},[38,118597,118598],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118599,118600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118601,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118603,669],{"class":61},[47,118605,917],{"class":349},[47,118607,75],{"class":61},[47,118609,2409],{"class":349},[47,118611,75],{"class":61},[47,118613,2414],{"class":349},[47,118615,95],{"class":61},[244,118617,118618],{"id":61596},"String",[38,118620,118622],{"className":40,"code":118621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118623,118624,118636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118625,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118627,35096],{"class":53},[47,118629,58],{"class":57},[47,118631,78],{"class":65},[47,118633,42],{"class":69},[47,118635,689],{"class":65},[47,118637,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118639,139],{"class":138},[47,118641,117],{"class":61},[47,118643,74937],{"class":138},[47,118645,117],{"class":61},[47,118647,35117],{"class":113},[47,118649,2266],{"class":61},[20,118651,372],{},[38,118653,118654],{"className":40,"code":79817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118655,118656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118657,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118659,669],{"class":61},[47,118661,385],{"class":65},[47,118663,60860],{"class":69},[47,118665,385],{"class":65},[47,118667,75],{"class":61},[47,118669,398],{"class":65},[47,118671,76453],{"class":69},[47,118673,385],{"class":65},[47,118675,75],{"class":61},[47,118677,398],{"class":65},[47,118679,60895],{"class":69},[47,118681,385],{"class":65},[47,118683,75],{"class":61},[47,118685,398],{"class":65},[47,118687,20],{"class":69},[47,118689,385],{"class":65},[47,118691,75],{"class":61},[47,118693,398],{"class":65},[47,118695,63709],{"class":69},[47,118697,385],{"class":65},[47,118699,75],{"class":61},[47,118701,398],{"class":65},[47,118703,2161],{"class":69},[47,118705,385],{"class":65},[47,118707,95],{"class":61},[244,118709,29628],{"id":16214},[20,118711,63962,118712,118714],{},[15,118713,74847],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[38,118716,118718],{"className":40,"code":118717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118719,118720,118772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118721,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118723,101],{"class":53},[47,118725,58],{"class":57},[47,118727,1096],{"class":61},[47,118729,66],{"class":65},[47,118731,70],{"class":69},[47,118733,66],{"class":65},[47,118735,172],{"class":61},[47,118737,78],{"class":65},[47,118739,13508],{"class":69},[47,118741,66],{"class":65},[47,118743,75],{"class":61},[47,118745,78],{"class":65},[47,118747,81],{"class":69},[47,118749,66],{"class":65},[47,118751,172],{"class":61},[47,118753,8436],{"class":349},[47,118755,75],{"class":61},[47,118757,78],{"class":65},[47,118759,90],{"class":69},[47,118761,66],{"class":65},[47,118763,172],{"class":61},[47,118765,78],{"class":65},[47,118767,16641],{"class":69},[47,118769,66],{"class":65},[47,118771,421],{"class":61},[47,118773,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118775,139],{"class":138},[47,118777,117],{"class":61},[47,118779,74937],{"class":138},[47,118781,117],{"class":61},[47,118783,144],{"class":113},[47,118785,2266],{"class":61},[20,118787,372],{},[38,118789,118791],{"className":40,"code":118790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118792,118793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118794,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118796,669],{"class":61},[47,118798,385],{"class":65},[47,118800,81],{"class":69},[47,118802,385],{"class":65},[47,118804,75],{"class":61},[47,118806,398],{"class":65},[47,118808,90],{"class":69},[47,118810,385],{"class":65},[47,118812,75],{"class":61},[47,118814,398],{"class":65},[47,118816,70],{"class":69},[47,118818,385],{"class":65},[47,118820,95],{"class":61},[33,118822,453,118824],{"id":118823},"using-reversetrue",[15,118825,78514],{},[20,118827,156,118828,118830],{},[15,118829,78514],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[38,118832,118834],{"className":40,"code":118833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118835,118836,118856,118860,118874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118837,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118839,4270],{"class":53},[47,118841,58],{"class":57},[47,118843,62],{"class":61},[47,118845,2711],{"class":349},[47,118847,75],{"class":61},[47,118849,2002],{"class":349},[47,118851,75],{"class":61},[47,118853,2409],{"class":349},[47,118855,95],{"class":61},[47,118857,118858],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118859,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,118861,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,118863,139],{"class":138},[47,118865,117],{"class":61},[47,118867,74937],{"class":138},[47,118869,117],{"class":61},[47,118871,4300],{"class":113},[47,118873,2266],{"class":61},[47,118875,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,118877,139],{"class":138},[47,118879,117],{"class":61},[47,118881,74937],{"class":138},[47,118883,117],{"class":61},[47,118885,4300],{"class":113},[47,118887,75],{"class":61},[47,118889,78493],{"class":9818},[47,118891,58],{"class":57},[47,118893,4255],{"class":559},[47,118895,2266],{"class":61},[20,118897,372],{},[38,118899,118901],{"className":40,"code":118900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118902,118903,118919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118904,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118906,669],{"class":61},[47,118908,917],{"class":349},[47,118910,75],{"class":61},[47,118912,2409],{"class":349},[47,118914,75],{"class":61},[47,118916,2414],{"class":349},[47,118918,95],{"class":61},[47,118920,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118922,669],{"class":61},[47,118924,2711],{"class":349},[47,118926,75],{"class":61},[47,118928,2409],{"class":349},[47,118930,75],{"class":61},[47,118932,2002],{"class":349},[47,118934,95],{"class":61},[20,118936,118937],{},"This also works with strings:",[38,118939,118941],{"className":40,"code":118940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118942,118943,118975,118979,118993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118944,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118946,4711],{"class":53},[47,118948,58],{"class":57},[47,118950,62],{"class":61},[47,118952,66],{"class":65},[47,118954,4720],{"class":69},[47,118956,66],{"class":65},[47,118958,75],{"class":61},[47,118960,78],{"class":65},[47,118962,4729],{"class":69},[47,118964,66],{"class":65},[47,118966,75],{"class":61},[47,118968,78],{"class":65},[47,118970,4738],{"class":69},[47,118972,66],{"class":65},[47,118974,95],{"class":61},[47,118976,118977],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,118978,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,118980,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,118982,139],{"class":138},[47,118984,117],{"class":61},[47,118986,74937],{"class":138},[47,118988,117],{"class":61},[47,118990,4755],{"class":113},[47,118992,2266],{"class":61},[47,118994,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,118996,139],{"class":138},[47,118998,117],{"class":61},[47,119000,74937],{"class":138},[47,119002,117],{"class":61},[47,119004,4755],{"class":113},[47,119006,75],{"class":61},[47,119008,78493],{"class":9818},[47,119010,58],{"class":57},[47,119012,4255],{"class":559},[47,119014,2266],{"class":61},[20,119016,372],{},[38,119018,119019],{"className":40,"code":74581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,119020,119021,119049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119022,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119024,669],{"class":61},[47,119026,385],{"class":65},[47,119028,4720],{"class":69},[47,119030,385],{"class":65},[47,119032,75],{"class":61},[47,119034,398],{"class":65},[47,119036,4729],{"class":69},[47,119038,385],{"class":65},[47,119040,75],{"class":61},[47,119042,398],{"class":65},[47,119044,4738],{"class":69},[47,119046,385],{"class":65},[47,119048,95],{"class":61},[47,119050,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,119052,669],{"class":61},[47,119054,385],{"class":65},[47,119056,4738],{"class":69},[47,119058,385],{"class":65},[47,119060,75],{"class":61},[47,119062,398],{"class":65},[47,119064,4729],{"class":69},[47,119066,385],{"class":65},[47,119068,75],{"class":61},[47,119070,398],{"class":65},[47,119072,4720],{"class":69},[47,119074,385],{"class":65},[47,119076,95],{"class":61},[33,119078,453,119080,119083],{"id":119079},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,119081,119082],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,119085,2628,119086,119088],{},[15,119087,119082],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,119090,119091],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,119093,119094],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[38,119096,119098],{"className":40,"code":119097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119099,119100,119140,119144,119166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119101,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119103,4711],{"class":53},[47,119105,58],{"class":57},[47,119107,62],{"class":61},[47,119109,66],{"class":65},[47,119111,79167],{"class":69},[47,119113,66],{"class":65},[47,119115,75],{"class":61},[47,119117,78],{"class":65},[47,119119,38771],{"class":69},[47,119121,66],{"class":65},[47,119123,75],{"class":61},[47,119125,78],{"class":65},[47,119127,4729],{"class":69},[47,119129,66],{"class":65},[47,119131,75],{"class":61},[47,119133,78],{"class":65},[47,119135,38754],{"class":69},[47,119137,66],{"class":65},[47,119139,95],{"class":61},[47,119141,119142],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,119143,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,119145,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,119147,2879],{"class":53},[47,119149,58],{"class":57},[47,119151,74981],{"class":138},[47,119153,117],{"class":61},[47,119155,4755],{"class":113},[47,119157,75],{"class":61},[47,119159,21981],{"class":9818},[47,119161,58],{"class":57},[47,119163,11798],{"class":138},[47,119165,132],{"class":61},[47,119167,119168,119170,119172,119174],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,119169,139],{"class":138},[47,119171,117],{"class":61},[47,119173,2914],{"class":113},[47,119175,132],{"class":61},[20,119177,372],{},[38,119179,119181],{"className":40,"code":119180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119182,119183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119184,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119186,669],{"class":61},[47,119188,385],{"class":65},[47,119190,38771],{"class":69},[47,119192,385],{"class":65},[47,119194,75],{"class":61},[47,119196,398],{"class":65},[47,119198,79167],{"class":69},[47,119200,385],{"class":65},[47,119202,75],{"class":61},[47,119204,398],{"class":65},[47,119206,38754],{"class":69},[47,119208,385],{"class":65},[47,119210,75],{"class":61},[47,119212,398],{"class":65},[47,119214,4729],{"class":69},[47,119216,385],{"class":65},[47,119218,95],{"class":61},[20,119220,21172,119221,119223],{},[15,119222,11798],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119225,119226],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[38,119228,119230],{"className":40,"code":119229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119231,119232,119265,119269,119295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119233,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258,119261,119263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119235,4711],{"class":53},[47,119237,58],{"class":57},[47,119239,62],{"class":61},[47,119241,66],{"class":65},[47,119243,83786],{"class":69},[47,119245,66],{"class":65},[47,119247,75],{"class":61},[47,119249,78],{"class":65},[47,119251,4720],{"class":69},[47,119253,66],{"class":65},[47,119255,75],{"class":61},[47,119257,78],{"class":65},[47,119259,119260],{"class":69},"Cherry",[47,119262,66],{"class":65},[47,119264,95],{"class":61},[47,119266,119267],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,119268,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,119270,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287,119289,119291,119293],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,119272,2879],{"class":53},[47,119274,58],{"class":57},[47,119276,74981],{"class":138},[47,119278,117],{"class":61},[47,119280,4755],{"class":113},[47,119282,75],{"class":61},[47,119284,21981],{"class":9818},[47,119286,58],{"class":57},[47,119288,4093],{"class":106},[47,119290,110],{"class":61},[47,119292,9285],{"class":25153},[47,119294,132],{"class":61},[47,119296,119297,119299,119301,119303],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,119298,139],{"class":138},[47,119300,117],{"class":61},[47,119302,2914],{"class":113},[47,119304,132],{"class":61},[20,119306,372],{},[38,119308,119310],{"className":40,"code":119309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119311,119312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119313,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322,119324,119326,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336,119338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119315,669],{"class":61},[47,119317,385],{"class":65},[47,119319,4720],{"class":69},[47,119321,385],{"class":65},[47,119323,75],{"class":61},[47,119325,398],{"class":65},[47,119327,83786],{"class":69},[47,119329,385],{"class":65},[47,119331,75],{"class":61},[47,119333,398],{"class":65},[47,119335,119260],{"class":69},[47,119337,385],{"class":65},[47,119339,95],{"class":61},[20,119341,119342,119343,35739,119345,110],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119344,42776],{},[210,119346,4226,119347,4159],{"href":42773},[15,119348,42776],{},[33,119350,119352,11222,119354],{"id":119351},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119353,74847],{},[15,119355,78290],{},[20,119357,119358],{},"The main difference is this:",[174,119360,119361,119366],{},[177,119362,119363,119365],{},[15,119364,74847],{}," returns a new list",[177,119367,119368,74385],{},[15,119369,78290],{},[20,119371,119372],{},"Also:",[174,119374,119375,119380],{},[177,119376,119377,119379],{},[15,119378,74847],{}," works with many iterables",[177,119381,119382,79723],{},[15,119383,78290],{},[20,119385,156,119386,11238],{},[15,119387,74847],{},[174,119389,119390,119393],{},[177,119391,119392],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[177,119394,119395],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119397,119398,119399,110],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[210,119400,4226,119401,11222,119403,6428],{"href":79548},[15,119402,74847],{},[15,119404,78290],{},[33,119406,119408],{"id":119407},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119410,119411,119412,110],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119413,74847],{},[244,119415,119417],{"id":119416},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119419,119420,119421,172],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119422,3655],{},[38,119424,119426],{"className":40,"code":119425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119427,119428,119452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119429,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119431,4470],{"class":53},[47,119433,58],{"class":57},[47,119435,62],{"class":61},[47,119437,917],{"class":349},[47,119439,75],{"class":61},[47,119441,78],{"class":65},[47,119443,2705],{"class":69},[47,119445,66],{"class":65},[47,119447,75],{"class":61},[47,119449,2414],{"class":349},[47,119451,95],{"class":61},[47,119453,119454,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,119455,139],{"class":138},[47,119457,117],{"class":61},[47,119459,74937],{"class":138},[47,119461,117],{"class":61},[47,119463,6003],{"class":113},[47,119465,2266],{"class":61},[20,119467,119468],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[244,119470,119472,119473,2953],{"id":119471},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119474,1099],{},[20,119476,119477],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119479,603],{},[38,119481,119483],{"className":40,"code":119482,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119484,119485,119505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119486,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501,119503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119488,4270],{"class":53},[47,119490,58],{"class":57},[47,119492,62],{"class":61},[47,119494,2981],{"class":349},[47,119496,75],{"class":61},[47,119498,2409],{"class":349},[47,119500,75],{"class":61},[47,119502,8441],{"class":349},[47,119504,95],{"class":61},[47,119506,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,119508,139],{"class":138},[47,119510,117],{"class":61},[47,119512,74937],{"class":138},[47,119514,117],{"class":61},[47,119516,4300],{"class":113},[47,119518,75],{"class":61},[47,119520,21981],{"class":9818},[47,119522,58],{"class":57},[47,119524,11798],{"class":138},[47,119526,2266],{"class":61},[20,119528,48928,119529,119531],{},[15,119530,42776],{}," does not work on integers.",[244,119533,119535],{"id":119534},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119537,119538],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,119540,119542],{"className":40,"code":119541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119543,119544,119564,119574,119578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119545,119546,119548,119550,119552,119554,119556,119558,119560,119562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119547,4270],{"class":53},[47,119549,58],{"class":57},[47,119551,62],{"class":61},[47,119553,2711],{"class":349},[47,119555,75],{"class":61},[47,119557,2002],{"class":349},[47,119559,75],{"class":61},[47,119561,2409],{"class":349},[47,119563,95],{"class":61},[47,119565,119566,119568,119570,119572],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,119567,74937],{"class":138},[47,119569,117],{"class":61},[47,119571,4300],{"class":113},[47,119573,132],{"class":61},[47,119575,119576],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,119577,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,119579,119580,119582,119584,119586],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,119581,139],{"class":138},[47,119583,117],{"class":61},[47,119585,4300],{"class":113},[47,119587,132],{"class":61},[20,119589,372],{},[38,119591,119593],{"className":40,"code":119592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119594,119595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119596,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119598,669],{"class":61},[47,119600,2711],{"class":349},[47,119602,75],{"class":61},[47,119604,2002],{"class":349},[47,119606,75],{"class":61},[47,119608,2409],{"class":349},[47,119610,95],{"class":61},[20,119612,119613],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[33,119615,1641],{"id":1640},[174,119617,119618,119622,119625,119630,119634],{},[177,119619,5223,119620,74385],{},[15,119621,74847],{},[177,119623,119624],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[177,119626,5348,119627,119629],{},[15,119628,74847],{}," always returns a list",[177,119631,453,119632,23506],{},[15,119633,119082],{},[177,119635,30055,119636,119638,119639],{},[15,119637,64734],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119640,74847],{},[20,119642,119643],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[38,119645,119647],{"className":40,"code":119646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119648,119649,119671,119697,119735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119650,119651,119653,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119652,139],{"class":138},[47,119654,117],{"class":61},[47,119656,74937],{"class":138},[47,119658,1258],{"class":61},[47,119660,2711],{"class":349},[47,119662,75],{"class":61},[47,119664,2002],{"class":349},[47,119666,75],{"class":61},[47,119668,2409],{"class":349},[47,119670,3649],{"class":61},[47,119672,119673,119675,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693,119695],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,119674,139],{"class":138},[47,119676,117],{"class":61},[47,119678,2392],{"class":106},[47,119680,117],{"class":61},[47,119682,74937],{"class":138},[47,119684,6155],{"class":61},[47,119686,2711],{"class":349},[47,119688,75],{"class":61},[47,119690,2002],{"class":349},[47,119692,75],{"class":61},[47,119694,2409],{"class":349},[47,119696,93790],{"class":61},[47,119698,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,119700,139],{"class":138},[47,119702,117],{"class":61},[47,119704,74937],{"class":138},[47,119706,1258],{"class":61},[47,119708,385],{"class":65},[47,119710,83786],{"class":69},[47,119712,385],{"class":65},[47,119714,75],{"class":61},[47,119716,398],{"class":65},[47,119718,4720],{"class":69},[47,119720,385],{"class":65},[47,119722,959],{"class":61},[47,119724,21981],{"class":9818},[47,119726,58],{"class":57},[47,119728,4093],{"class":106},[47,119730,110],{"class":61},[47,119732,9285],{"class":25153},[47,119734,2266],{"class":61},[47,119736,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759,119761,119763],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,119738,139],{"class":138},[47,119740,117],{"class":61},[47,119742,74937],{"class":138},[47,119744,1258],{"class":61},[47,119746,2711],{"class":349},[47,119748,75],{"class":61},[47,119750,2002],{"class":349},[47,119752,75],{"class":61},[47,119754,2409],{"class":349},[47,119756,959],{"class":61},[47,119758,78493],{"class":9818},[47,119760,58],{"class":57},[47,119762,4255],{"class":559},[47,119764,2266],{"class":61},[20,119766,119767,119768,110],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[210,119769,53191],{"href":51398},[33,119771,2429],{"id":2428},[244,119773,2433,119775,57584],{"id":119774},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119776,74847],{},[20,119778,119779],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[244,119781,5785,119783,13344],{"id":119782},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119784,74847],{},[20,119786,119787],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[244,119789,119791,119792,11728,119794,3143],{"id":119790},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119793,74847],{},[15,119795,78290],{},[20,119797,156,119798,119800],{},[15,119799,74847],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[244,119802,5785,119804,86874,119806,3143],{"id":119803},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119805,119082],{},[15,119807,74847],{},[20,119809,119810],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[244,119812,5801,119814,119816,119817,3143],{"id":119813},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119815,74847],{}," give a ",[15,119818,3655],{},[20,119820,119821],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[33,119823,2526],{"id":2525},[174,119825,119826,119830,119838,119842,119848,119854],{},[177,119827,119828],{},[210,119829,80296],{"href":78799},[177,119831,119832],{},[210,119833,4226,119834,11222,119836,6428],{"href":79548},[15,119835,74847],{},[15,119837,78290],{},[177,119839,119840],{},[210,119841,53191],{"href":51398},[177,119843,119844],{},[210,119845,4226,119846,4159],{"href":42773},[15,119847,42776],{},[177,119849,119850],{},[210,119851,4226,119852,4159],{"href":92446},[15,119853,36159],{},[177,119855,119856],{},[210,119857,4226,119858,4159],{"href":36606},[15,119859,36609],{},[2563,119861,119862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":119864},[119865,119866,119868,119871,119872,119879,119881,119883,119885,119891,119892,119904],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":118145,"depth":98,"text":119867},"What sorted() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":119869},[119870],{"id":246,"depth":135,"text":247},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":118384,"depth":98,"text":118385,"children":119873},[119874,119875,119876,119877,119878],{"id":1892,"depth":135,"text":118393},{"id":49371,"depth":135,"text":118457},{"id":6931,"depth":135,"text":118554},{"id":61596,"depth":135,"text":118618},{"id":16214,"depth":135,"text":29628},{"id":118823,"depth":98,"text":119880},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119079,"depth":98,"text":119882},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119351,"depth":98,"text":119884},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119407,"depth":98,"text":119408,"children":119886},[119887,119888,119890],{"id":119416,"depth":135,"text":119417},{"id":119471,"depth":135,"text":119889},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119534,"depth":135,"text":119535},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":119893},[119894,119896,119898,119900,119902],{"id":119774,"depth":135,"text":119895},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119782,"depth":135,"text":119897},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119790,"depth":135,"text":119899},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119803,"depth":135,"text":119901},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119813,"depth":135,"text":119903},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118047,"description":119905},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119912,"title":119913,"body":119914,"description":122025,"extension":2611,"meta":122026,"navigation":357,"path":79548,"seo":122027,"stem":122028,"__hash__":122029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119915,"toc":121972},[119916,119923,119926,119936,119942,119945,119963,119971,119973,120032,120040,120044,120066,120070,120074,120076,120093,120095,120107,120113,120197,120201,120248,120254,120261,120265,120270,120272,120284,120289,120342,120346,120366,120373,120380,120384,120387,120406,120410,120524,120528,120598,120600,120612,120617,120621,120634,120638,120713,120717,120756,120763,120769,120774,120778,120792,120796,120861,120865,120898,120901,120906,120914,120921,120934,120937,120941,121024,121028,121065,121069,121172,121176,121237,121242,121249,121253,121256,121262,121265,121332,121336,121360,121362,121380,121387,121440,121444,121464,121470,121472,121529,121536,121562,121567,121572,121580,121586,121646,121650,121697,121700,121702,121705,121731,121734,121827,121829,121849,121853,121856,121874,121880,121882,121890,121895,121902,121905,121911,121914,121920,121928,121936,121941,121943,121969],[10,119917,4226,119919,11222,119921,93504],{"id":119918},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119920,74847],{},[15,119922,78290],{},[20,119924,119925],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[174,119927,119928,119932],{},[177,119929,119930],{},[15,119931,74847],{},[177,119933,119934],{},[15,119935,78290],{},[20,119937,119938,119939,119941],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[278,119940,1369],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119943,119944],{},"The main difference is simple:",[174,119946,119947,119955],{},[177,119948,156,119949,119951,119952],{},[15,119950,74847],{}," when you want a ",[278,119953,119954],{},"new sorted result",[177,119956,156,119957,119959,119960],{},[15,119958,78290],{}," when you want to ",[278,119961,119962],{},"change the original list",[20,119964,119965,119966,3048,119968,119970],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119967,78290],{},[15,119969,269],{}," and causes confusion.",[33,119972,4260],{"id":4259},[38,119974,119976],{"className":40,"code":119975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119977,119978,119998,120002,120019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119979,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119981,4270],{"class":53},[47,119983,58],{"class":57},[47,119985,62],{"class":61},[47,119987,2711],{"class":349},[47,119989,75],{"class":61},[47,119991,2002],{"class":349},[47,119993,75],{"class":61},[47,119995,2409],{"class":349},[47,119997,95],{"class":61},[47,119999,120000],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120001,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120003,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120005,56310],{"class":53},[47,120007,58],{"class":57},[47,120009,74981],{"class":138},[47,120011,117],{"class":61},[47,120013,4300],{"class":113},[47,120015,4313],{"class":61},[47,120017,120018],{"class":152},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[47,120020,120021,120023,120025,120027,120029],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,120022,4300],{"class":53},[47,120024,110],{"class":61},[47,120026,35208],{"class":113},[47,120028,8011],{"class":61},[47,120030,120031],{"class":152},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,120033,156,120034,120036,120037,120039],{},[15,120035,74847],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,120038,78290],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[33,120041,120043],{"id":120042},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[174,120045,120046,120051,120056,120063],{},[177,120047,156,120048,120050],{},[15,120049,74847],{}," to get a new sorted list",[177,120052,156,120053,120055],{},[15,120054,78290],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[177,120057,120058,120059,3048,120061],{},"Understand why ",[15,120060,78290],{},[15,120062,269],{},[177,120064,120065],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[33,120067,164,120068,167],{"id":118145},[15,120069,74847],{},[20,120071,120072,63348],{},[15,120073,74847],{},[20,120075,49345],{},[174,120077,120078,120084,120090],{},[177,120079,120080,120081],{},"returns a ",[278,120082,120083],{},"new list",[177,120085,120086,120087,120089],{},"does ",[278,120088,1369],{}," change the original data",[177,120091,120092],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,120094,51552],{},[174,120096,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105],{},[177,120098,5944],{},[177,120100,5947],{},[177,120102,5953],{},[177,120104,5950],{},[177,120106,36320],{},[244,120108,35487,120110,120112],{"id":120109},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,120111,74847],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[38,120114,120116],{"className":40,"code":120115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,120117,120118,120138,120142,120156,120160,120178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120119,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120121,4270],{"class":53},[47,120123,58],{"class":57},[47,120125,62],{"class":61},[47,120127,2711],{"class":349},[47,120129,75],{"class":61},[47,120131,2002],{"class":349},[47,120133,75],{"class":61},[47,120135,2409],{"class":349},[47,120137,95],{"class":61},[47,120139,120140],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120141,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120143,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120145,2879],{"class":53},[47,120147,58],{"class":57},[47,120149,74981],{"class":138},[47,120151,117],{"class":61},[47,120153,4300],{"class":113},[47,120155,132],{"class":61},[47,120157,120158],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,120159,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120161,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,120163,139],{"class":138},[47,120165,117],{"class":61},[47,120167,66],{"class":65},[47,120169,12782],{"class":69},[47,120171,66],{"class":65},[47,120173,75],{"class":61},[47,120175,4905],{"class":113},[47,120177,132],{"class":61},[47,120179,120180,120182,120184,120186,120189,120191,120193,120195],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,120181,139],{"class":138},[47,120183,117],{"class":61},[47,120185,66],{"class":65},[47,120187,120188],{"class":69},"sorted result:",[47,120190,66],{"class":65},[47,120192,75],{"class":61},[47,120194,81640],{"class":113},[47,120196,132],{"class":61},[20,120198,120199],{},[278,120200,372],{},[38,120202,120204],{"className":40,"code":120203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120205,120206,120226],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120207,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120209,2052],{"class":53},[47,120211,172],{"class":61},[47,120213,62],{"class":61},[47,120215,2711],{"class":349},[47,120217,75],{"class":61},[47,120219,2002],{"class":349},[47,120221,75],{"class":61},[47,120223,2409],{"class":349},[47,120225,95],{"class":61},[47,120227,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120229,74937],{"class":138},[47,120231,81640],{"class":53},[47,120233,172],{"class":61},[47,120235,62],{"class":61},[47,120237,917],{"class":349},[47,120239,75],{"class":61},[47,120241,2409],{"class":349},[47,120243,75],{"class":61},[47,120245,2414],{"class":349},[47,120247,95],{"class":61},[20,120249,120250,120251,120253],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120252,4300],{}," stays the same.",[20,120255,120256,120257,110],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[210,120258,4226,120259,4159],{"href":74944},[15,120260,74847],{},[33,120262,164,120263,167],{"id":78356},[15,120264,78290],{},[20,120266,120267,120269],{},[15,120268,64734],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120271,49345],{},[174,120273,120274,120277,120280],{},[177,120275,120276],{},"changes the original list directly",[177,120278,120279],{},"only works on lists",[177,120281,4343,120282],{},[15,120283,269],{},[244,120285,35487,120287,74385],{"id":120286},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120288,78290],{},[38,120290,120292],{"className":40,"code":120291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120293,120294,120314,120318,120328,120332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120295,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120297,4270],{"class":53},[47,120299,58],{"class":57},[47,120301,62],{"class":61},[47,120303,2711],{"class":349},[47,120305,75],{"class":61},[47,120307,2002],{"class":349},[47,120309,75],{"class":61},[47,120311,2409],{"class":349},[47,120313,95],{"class":61},[47,120315,120316],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120317,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120319,120320,120322,120324,120326],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120321,4300],{"class":53},[47,120323,110],{"class":61},[47,120325,35208],{"class":113},[47,120327,9288],{"class":61},[47,120329,120330],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,120331,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120333,120334,120336,120338,120340],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,120335,139],{"class":138},[47,120337,117],{"class":61},[47,120339,4300],{"class":113},[47,120341,132],{"class":61},[20,120343,120344],{},[278,120345,372],{},[38,120347,120348],{"className":40,"code":55570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120349,120350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120351,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120353,669],{"class":61},[47,120355,917],{"class":349},[47,120357,75],{"class":61},[47,120359,2409],{"class":349},[47,120361,75],{"class":61},[47,120363,2414],{"class":349},[47,120365,95],{"class":61},[20,120367,120368,120369,120372],{},"After calling ",[15,120370,120371],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120374,120375,120376,110],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[210,120377,4226,120378,1637],{"href":75198},[15,120379,78290],{},[33,120381,120383],{"id":120382},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120385,120386],{},"Here is the core difference:",[174,120388,120389,120398],{},[177,120390,120391,120394,120395],{},[15,120392,120393],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[278,120396,120397],{},"new sorted list",[177,120399,120400,120403,120404,74755],{},[15,120401,120402],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120405,8985],{},[244,120407,120409],{"id":120408},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[38,120411,120413],{"className":40,"code":120412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120414,120415,120435,120439,120453,120472,120491,120495,120505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120416,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120418,4270],{"class":53},[47,120420,58],{"class":57},[47,120422,62],{"class":61},[47,120424,2784],{"class":349},[47,120426,75],{"class":61},[47,120428,2409],{"class":349},[47,120430,75],{"class":61},[47,120432,3108],{"class":349},[47,120434,95],{"class":61},[47,120436,120437],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120438,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120440,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120442,3206],{"class":53},[47,120444,58],{"class":57},[47,120446,74981],{"class":138},[47,120448,117],{"class":61},[47,120450,4300],{"class":113},[47,120452,132],{"class":61},[47,120454,120455,120457,120459,120461,120464,120466,120468,120470],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,120456,139],{"class":138},[47,120458,117],{"class":61},[47,120460,66],{"class":65},[47,120462,120463],{"class":69},"numbers after sorted():",[47,120465,66],{"class":65},[47,120467,75],{"class":61},[47,120469,4905],{"class":113},[47,120471,132],{"class":61},[47,120473,120474,120476,120478,120480,120483,120485,120487,120489],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,120475,139],{"class":138},[47,120477,117],{"class":61},[47,120479,66],{"class":65},[47,120481,120482],{"class":69},"a:",[47,120484,66],{"class":65},[47,120486,75],{"class":61},[47,120488,57308],{"class":113},[47,120490,132],{"class":61},[47,120492,120493],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,120494,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120496,120497,120499,120501,120503],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,120498,4300],{"class":53},[47,120500,110],{"class":61},[47,120502,35208],{"class":113},[47,120504,9288],{"class":61},[47,120506,120507,120509,120511,120513,120516,120518,120520,120522],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,120508,139],{"class":138},[47,120510,117],{"class":61},[47,120512,66],{"class":65},[47,120514,120515],{"class":69},"numbers after sort():",[47,120517,66],{"class":65},[47,120519,75],{"class":61},[47,120521,4905],{"class":113},[47,120523,132],{"class":61},[20,120525,120526],{},[278,120527,372],{},[38,120529,120531],{"className":40,"code":120530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120532,120533,120556,120576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120534,120535,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120536,120537],{"class":53},"numbers after ",[47,120539,74937],{"class":138},[47,120541,29989],{"class":61},[47,120543,62],{"class":61},[47,120545,2784],{"class":349},[47,120547,75],{"class":61},[47,120549,2409],{"class":349},[47,120551,75],{"class":61},[47,120553,3108],{"class":349},[47,120555,95],{"class":61},[47,120557,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120559,210],{"class":53},[47,120561,172],{"class":61},[47,120563,62],{"class":61},[47,120565,2705],{"class":349},[47,120567,75],{"class":61},[47,120569,3108],{"class":349},[47,120571,75],{"class":61},[47,120573,5249],{"class":349},[47,120575,95],{"class":61},[47,120577,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120579,120537],{"class":53},[47,120581,35208],{"class":113},[47,120583,29989],{"class":61},[47,120585,62],{"class":61},[47,120587,2705],{"class":349},[47,120589,75],{"class":61},[47,120591,3108],{"class":349},[47,120593,75],{"class":61},[47,120595,5249],{"class":349},[47,120597,95],{"class":61},[20,120599,11350],{},[174,120601,120602,120607],{},[177,120603,120604,120606],{},[15,120605,74847],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[177,120608,120609,120611],{},[15,120610,64734],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120613,1216,120615],{"id":120614},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120616,74847],{},[20,120618,156,120619,11238],{},[15,120620,74847],{},[174,120622,120623,120626,120628,120631],{},[177,120624,120625],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[177,120627,119395],{},[177,120629,120630],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[177,120632,120633],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[244,120635,120637],{"id":120636},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[38,120639,120641],{"className":40,"code":120640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120642,120643,120667,120671,120685,120689,120699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120644,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120646,4270],{"class":53},[47,120648,58],{"class":57},[47,120650,9878],{"class":61},[47,120652,3156],{"class":349},[47,120654,75],{"class":61},[47,120656,2002],{"class":349},[47,120658,75],{"class":61},[47,120660,2414],{"class":349},[47,120662,75],{"class":61},[47,120664,2409],{"class":349},[47,120666,132],{"class":61},[47,120668,120669],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120670,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120672,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120674,2879],{"class":53},[47,120676,58],{"class":57},[47,120678,74981],{"class":138},[47,120680,117],{"class":61},[47,120682,4300],{"class":113},[47,120684,132],{"class":61},[47,120686,120687],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,120688,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120690,120691,120693,120695,120697],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,120692,139],{"class":138},[47,120694,117],{"class":61},[47,120696,2914],{"class":113},[47,120698,132],{"class":61},[47,120700,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,120702,139],{"class":138},[47,120704,117],{"class":61},[47,120706,2392],{"class":106},[47,120708,117],{"class":61},[47,120710,2914],{"class":113},[47,120712,2266],{"class":61},[20,120714,120715],{},[278,120716,372],{},[38,120718,120720],{"className":40,"code":120719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120721,120722,120742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120723,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120725,669],{"class":61},[47,120727,917],{"class":349},[47,120729,75],{"class":61},[47,120731,2409],{"class":349},[47,120733,75],{"class":61},[47,120735,2414],{"class":349},[47,120737,75],{"class":61},[47,120739,3108],{"class":349},[47,120741,95],{"class":61},[47,120743,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120745,3941],{"class":57},[47,120747,3944],{"class":2714},[47,120749,398],{"class":65},[47,120751,1892],{"class":69},[47,120753,385],{"class":65},[47,120755,3953],{"class":57},[20,120757,2936,120758,120760,120761,110],{},[15,120759,74847],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[278,120762,1892],{},[20,120764,120765,120766,120768],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[210,120767,53191],{"href":51398}," is a helpful next step.",[33,120770,1216,120772],{"id":120771},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120773,78290],{},[20,120775,156,120776,11238],{},[15,120777,78290],{},[174,120779,120780,120783,120786,120789],{},[177,120781,120782],{},"you already have a list",[177,120784,120785],{},"you want to update that list directly",[177,120787,120788],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[177,120790,120791],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[244,120793,120795],{"id":120794},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[38,120797,120799],{"className":40,"code":120798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120800,120801,120833,120837,120847,120851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120802,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120804,5638],{"class":53},[47,120806,58],{"class":57},[47,120808,62],{"class":61},[47,120810,66],{"class":65},[47,120812,5665],{"class":69},[47,120814,66],{"class":65},[47,120816,75],{"class":61},[47,120818,78],{"class":65},[47,120820,5647],{"class":69},[47,120822,66],{"class":65},[47,120824,75],{"class":61},[47,120826,78],{"class":65},[47,120828,5656],{"class":69},[47,120830,66],{"class":65},[47,120832,95],{"class":61},[47,120834,120835],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120836,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120838,120839,120841,120843,120845],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120840,5682],{"class":53},[47,120842,110],{"class":61},[47,120844,35208],{"class":113},[47,120846,9288],{"class":61},[47,120848,120849],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,120850,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120852,120853,120855,120857,120859],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,120854,139],{"class":138},[47,120856,117],{"class":61},[47,120858,5682],{"class":113},[47,120860,132],{"class":61},[20,120862,120863],{},[278,120864,372],{},[38,120866,120868],{"className":40,"code":120867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120869,120870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120871,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120873,669],{"class":61},[47,120875,385],{"class":65},[47,120877,5647],{"class":69},[47,120879,385],{"class":65},[47,120881,75],{"class":61},[47,120883,398],{"class":65},[47,120885,5656],{"class":69},[47,120887,385],{"class":65},[47,120889,75],{"class":61},[47,120891,398],{"class":65},[47,120893,5665],{"class":69},[47,120895,385],{"class":65},[47,120897,95],{"class":61},[20,120899,120900],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120902,120903,120904,110],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[210,120905,80296],{"href":78799},[33,120907,120909,5036,120911,120913],{"id":120908},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120910,74000],{},[15,120912,1099],{}," work with both",[20,120915,11227,120916,5036,120918,120920],{},[15,120917,74847],{},[15,120919,78290],{}," support:",[174,120922,120923,120928],{},[177,120924,120925,120927],{},[15,120926,78514],{}," for descending order",[177,120929,120930,120933],{},[15,120931,120932],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120935,120936],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[244,120938,120940],{"id":120939},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[38,120942,120944],{"className":40,"code":120943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120945,120946,120966,120970,120992,120996,121014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120947,120948,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120949,4270],{"class":53},[47,120951,58],{"class":57},[47,120953,62],{"class":61},[47,120955,2711],{"class":349},[47,120957,75],{"class":61},[47,120959,2002],{"class":349},[47,120961,75],{"class":61},[47,120963,2409],{"class":349},[47,120965,95],{"class":61},[47,120967,120968],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,120969,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120971,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,120973,139],{"class":138},[47,120975,117],{"class":61},[47,120977,74937],{"class":138},[47,120979,117],{"class":61},[47,120981,4300],{"class":113},[47,120983,75],{"class":61},[47,120985,78493],{"class":9818},[47,120987,58],{"class":57},[47,120989,4255],{"class":559},[47,120991,2266],{"class":61},[47,120993,120994],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,120995,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,120997,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,120999,4300],{"class":53},[47,121001,110],{"class":61},[47,121003,35208],{"class":113},[47,121005,117],{"class":61},[47,121007,74000],{"class":9818},[47,121009,58],{"class":57},[47,121011,4255],{"class":559},[47,121013,132],{"class":61},[47,121015,121016,121018,121020,121022],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,121017,139],{"class":138},[47,121019,117],{"class":61},[47,121021,4300],{"class":113},[47,121023,132],{"class":61},[20,121025,121026],{},[278,121027,372],{},[38,121029,121031],{"className":40,"code":121030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,121032,121033,121049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121034,121035,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121036,669],{"class":61},[47,121038,2711],{"class":349},[47,121040,75],{"class":61},[47,121042,2409],{"class":349},[47,121044,75],{"class":61},[47,121046,2002],{"class":349},[47,121048,95],{"class":61},[47,121050,121051,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121052,669],{"class":61},[47,121054,2711],{"class":349},[47,121056,75],{"class":61},[47,121058,2409],{"class":349},[47,121060,75],{"class":61},[47,121062,2002],{"class":349},[47,121064,95],{"class":61},[244,121066,121068],{"id":121067},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[38,121070,121072],{"className":40,"code":121071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,121073,121074,121106,121110,121136,121140,121162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121075,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102,121104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121077,4711],{"class":53},[47,121079,58],{"class":57},[47,121081,62],{"class":61},[47,121083,66],{"class":65},[47,121085,83786],{"class":69},[47,121087,66],{"class":65},[47,121089,75],{"class":61},[47,121091,78],{"class":65},[47,121093,4720],{"class":69},[47,121095,66],{"class":65},[47,121097,75],{"class":61},[47,121099,78],{"class":65},[47,121101,119260],{"class":69},[47,121103,66],{"class":65},[47,121105,95],{"class":61},[47,121107,121108],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121109,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121111,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122,121124,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,121113,139],{"class":138},[47,121115,117],{"class":61},[47,121117,74937],{"class":138},[47,121119,117],{"class":61},[47,121121,4755],{"class":113},[47,121123,75],{"class":61},[47,121125,21981],{"class":9818},[47,121127,58],{"class":57},[47,121129,4093],{"class":106},[47,121131,110],{"class":61},[47,121133,9285],{"class":25153},[47,121135,2266],{"class":61},[47,121137,121138],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,121139,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121141,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150,121152,121154,121156,121158,121160],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,121143,4755],{"class":53},[47,121145,110],{"class":61},[47,121147,35208],{"class":113},[47,121149,117],{"class":61},[47,121151,1099],{"class":9818},[47,121153,58],{"class":57},[47,121155,4093],{"class":106},[47,121157,110],{"class":61},[47,121159,9285],{"class":25153},[47,121161,132],{"class":61},[47,121163,121164,121166,121168,121170],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,121165,139],{"class":138},[47,121167,117],{"class":61},[47,121169,4755],{"class":113},[47,121171,132],{"class":61},[20,121173,121174],{},[278,121175,372],{},[38,121177,121179],{"className":40,"code":121178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121180,121181,121209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121182,121183,121185,121187,121189,121191,121193,121195,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205,121207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121184,669],{"class":61},[47,121186,385],{"class":65},[47,121188,4720],{"class":69},[47,121190,385],{"class":65},[47,121192,75],{"class":61},[47,121194,398],{"class":65},[47,121196,83786],{"class":69},[47,121198,385],{"class":65},[47,121200,75],{"class":61},[47,121202,398],{"class":65},[47,121204,119260],{"class":69},[47,121206,385],{"class":65},[47,121208,95],{"class":61},[47,121210,121211,121213,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229,121231,121233,121235],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121212,669],{"class":61},[47,121214,385],{"class":65},[47,121216,4720],{"class":69},[47,121218,385],{"class":65},[47,121220,75],{"class":61},[47,121222,398],{"class":65},[47,121224,83786],{"class":69},[47,121226,385],{"class":65},[47,121228,75],{"class":61},[47,121230,398],{"class":65},[47,121232,119260],{"class":69},[47,121234,385],{"class":65},[47,121236,95],{"class":61},[20,121238,453,121239,121241],{},[15,121240,79008],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121243,121244,121245,110],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[210,121246,121248],{"href":121247},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[33,121250,121252],{"id":121251},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121254,121255],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[244,121257,121259,121260,13226],{"id":121258},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121261,78290],{},[20,121263,121264],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[38,121266,121268],{"className":40,"code":121267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121269,121270,121290,121294,121308,121312,121322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121271,121272,121274,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121273,4270],{"class":53},[47,121275,58],{"class":57},[47,121277,62],{"class":61},[47,121279,2711],{"class":349},[47,121281,75],{"class":61},[47,121283,2002],{"class":349},[47,121285,75],{"class":61},[47,121287,2409],{"class":349},[47,121289,95],{"class":61},[47,121291,121292],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121293,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121295,121296,121298,121300,121302,121304,121306],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,121297,2879],{"class":53},[47,121299,58],{"class":57},[47,121301,4905],{"class":53},[47,121303,110],{"class":61},[47,121305,35208],{"class":113},[47,121307,9288],{"class":61},[47,121309,121310],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,121311,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121313,121314,121316,121318,121320],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,121315,139],{"class":138},[47,121317,117],{"class":61},[47,121319,2914],{"class":113},[47,121321,132],{"class":61},[47,121323,121324,121326,121328,121330],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,121325,139],{"class":138},[47,121327,117],{"class":61},[47,121329,4300],{"class":113},[47,121331,132],{"class":61},[20,121333,121334],{},[278,121335,372],{},[38,121337,121338],{"className":40,"code":79631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121339,121340,121344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121341,121342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121343,12438],{"class":559},[47,121345,121346,121348,121350,121352,121354,121356,121358],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121347,669],{"class":61},[47,121349,917],{"class":349},[47,121351,75],{"class":61},[47,121353,2409],{"class":349},[47,121355,75],{"class":61},[47,121357,2414],{"class":349},[47,121359,95],{"class":61},[20,121361,12530],{},[174,121363,121364,121369,121374],{},[177,121365,121366,121368],{},[15,121367,120371],{}," sorts the list in place",[177,121370,35424,121371,121373],{},[278,121372,1369],{}," return the sorted list",[177,121375,90410,121376,42570,121378],{},[15,121377,2914],{},[15,121379,269],{},[244,121381,121383,121384,121386],{"id":121382},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121385,74847],{}," to change the original list",[38,121388,121390],{"className":40,"code":121389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121391,121392,121412,121416,121426,121430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121393,121394,121396,121398,121400,121402,121404,121406,121408,121410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121395,4270],{"class":53},[47,121397,58],{"class":57},[47,121399,62],{"class":61},[47,121401,2711],{"class":349},[47,121403,75],{"class":61},[47,121405,2002],{"class":349},[47,121407,75],{"class":61},[47,121409,2409],{"class":349},[47,121411,95],{"class":61},[47,121413,121414],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121415,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121417,121418,121420,121422,121424],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,121419,74937],{"class":138},[47,121421,117],{"class":61},[47,121423,4300],{"class":113},[47,121425,132],{"class":61},[47,121427,121428],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,121429,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121431,121432,121434,121436,121438],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,121433,139],{"class":138},[47,121435,117],{"class":61},[47,121437,4300],{"class":113},[47,121439,132],{"class":61},[20,121441,121442],{},[278,121443,372],{},[38,121445,121446],{"className":40,"code":119592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121447,121448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121449,121450,121452,121454,121456,121458,121460,121462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121451,669],{"class":61},[47,121453,2711],{"class":349},[47,121455,75],{"class":61},[47,121457,2002],{"class":349},[47,121459,75],{"class":61},[47,121461,2409],{"class":349},[47,121463,95],{"class":61},[20,121465,121466,121469],{},[15,121467,121468],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121471,11443],{},[38,121473,121475],{"className":40,"code":121474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121476,121477,121497,121501,121515,121519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485,121487,121489,121491,121493,121495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121480,4270],{"class":53},[47,121482,58],{"class":57},[47,121484,62],{"class":61},[47,121486,2711],{"class":349},[47,121488,75],{"class":61},[47,121490,2002],{"class":349},[47,121492,75],{"class":61},[47,121494,2409],{"class":349},[47,121496,95],{"class":61},[47,121498,121499],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121500,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121502,121503,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,121504,56062],{"class":53},[47,121506,58],{"class":57},[47,121508,74981],{"class":138},[47,121510,117],{"class":61},[47,121512,4300],{"class":113},[47,121514,132],{"class":61},[47,121516,121517],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,121518,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121520,121521,121523,121525,121527],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,121522,139],{"class":138},[47,121524,117],{"class":61},[47,121526,56081],{"class":113},[47,121528,132],{"class":61},[244,121530,121532,121533,121535],{"id":121531},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121534,64734],{}," on a tuple or string",[38,121537,121538],{"className":40,"code":79733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121539,121540,121552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121541,121542,121544,121546,121548,121550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121543,35096],{"class":53},[47,121545,58],{"class":57},[47,121547,78],{"class":65},[47,121549,42],{"class":69},[47,121551,689],{"class":65},[47,121553,121554,121556,121558,121560],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121555,35117],{"class":53},[47,121557,110],{"class":61},[47,121559,35208],{"class":113},[47,121561,9288],{"class":61},[20,121563,121564,121565,34008],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121566,64734],{},[20,121568,121569,121571],{},[15,121570,64734],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121573,121574,121575,121577,121578,110],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121576,74847],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[210,121579,5779],{"href":6231},[244,121581,121583,121584,119629],{"id":121582},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121585,74847],{},[38,121587,121589],{"className":40,"code":121588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121590,121591,121604,121618,121622,121632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121592,121593,121595,121597,121599,121602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121594,35096],{"class":53},[47,121596,58],{"class":57},[47,121598,78],{"class":65},[47,121600,121601],{"class":69},"cab",[47,121603,689],{"class":65},[47,121605,121606,121608,121610,121612,121614,121616],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121607,2879],{"class":53},[47,121609,58],{"class":57},[47,121611,74981],{"class":138},[47,121613,117],{"class":61},[47,121615,35117],{"class":113},[47,121617,132],{"class":61},[47,121619,121620],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,121621,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,121623,121624,121626,121628,121630],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,121625,139],{"class":138},[47,121627,117],{"class":61},[47,121629,2914],{"class":113},[47,121631,132],{"class":61},[47,121633,121634,121636,121638,121640,121642,121644],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,121635,139],{"class":138},[47,121637,117],{"class":61},[47,121639,2392],{"class":106},[47,121641,117],{"class":61},[47,121643,2914],{"class":113},[47,121645,2266],{"class":61},[20,121647,121648],{},[278,121649,372],{},[38,121651,121653],{"className":40,"code":121652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121654,121655,121683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121656,121657,121659,121661,121663,121665,121667,121669,121671,121673,121675,121677,121679,121681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121658,669],{"class":61},[47,121660,385],{"class":65},[47,121662,210],{"class":69},[47,121664,385],{"class":65},[47,121666,75],{"class":61},[47,121668,398],{"class":65},[47,121670,854],{"class":69},[47,121672,385],{"class":65},[47,121674,75],{"class":61},[47,121676,398],{"class":65},[47,121678,863],{"class":69},[47,121680,385],{"class":65},[47,121682,95],{"class":61},[47,121684,121685,121687,121689,121691,121693,121695],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121686,3941],{"class":57},[47,121688,3944],{"class":2714},[47,121690,398],{"class":65},[47,121692,1892],{"class":69},[47,121694,385],{"class":65},[47,121696,3953],{"class":57},[20,121698,121699],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[33,121701,114150],{"id":114149},[20,121703,121704],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[174,121706,121707,121710,121715,121720,121726],{},[177,121708,121709],{},"confusing a function with a method",[177,121711,121712,121713,54064],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121714,64734],{},[177,121716,121717,121718,13226],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121719,78290],{},[177,121721,121722,121723,121725],{},"trying to use ",[15,121724,64734],{}," on non-list data types",[177,121727,50924,121728,121730],{},[15,121729,74847],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121732,121733],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,121735,121737],{"className":40,"code":121736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121738,121739,121749,121763,121788,121803,121813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121740,121741,121743,121745,121747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121742,139],{"class":138},[47,121744,117],{"class":61},[47,121746,8985],{"class":113},[47,121748,132],{"class":61},[47,121750,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759,121761],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,121752,139],{"class":138},[47,121754,117],{"class":61},[47,121756,74937],{"class":138},[47,121758,117],{"class":61},[47,121760,8985],{"class":113},[47,121762,2266],{"class":61},[47,121764,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121780,121782,121784,121786],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,121766,2879],{"class":53},[47,121768,58],{"class":57},[47,121770,9042],{"class":53},[47,121772,110],{"class":61},[47,121774,35208],{"class":113},[47,121776,8011],{"class":61},[47,121778,121779],{"class":53},"; ",[47,121781,139],{"class":138},[47,121783,117],{"class":61},[47,121785,2914],{"class":113},[47,121787,132],{"class":61},[47,121789,121790,121792,121794,121796,121798,121801],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,121791,139],{"class":138},[47,121793,117],{"class":61},[47,121795,2392],{"class":106},[47,121797,117],{"class":61},[47,121799,121800],{"class":113},"my_data",[47,121802,2266],{"class":61},[47,121804,121805,121807,121809,121811],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,121806,32559],{"class":138},[47,121808,117],{"class":61},[47,121810,74937],{"class":138},[47,121812,132],{"class":61},[47,121814,121815,121817,121819,121821,121823,121825],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,121816,32559],{"class":138},[47,121818,117],{"class":61},[47,121820,1892],{"class":106},[47,121822,110],{"class":61},[47,121824,35208],{"class":25153},[47,121826,132],{"class":61},[20,121828,84796],{},[174,121830,121831,121834,121838,121846],{},[177,121832,121833],{},"whether your original list changed",[177,121835,26423,121836,12336],{},[15,121837,74847],{},[177,121839,121840,121841,121843,121844],{},"whether ",[15,121842,64734],{}," returned ",[15,121845,269],{},[177,121847,121848],{},"what type of object you are working with",[33,121850,121852],{"id":121851},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121854,121855],{},"Use this rule:",[174,121857,121858,121866],{},[177,121859,121860,121861,121863,121864],{},"Need a ",[278,121862,119954],{},": use ",[15,121865,74847],{},[177,121867,121868,121869,121863,121872],{},"Need to ",[278,121870,121871],{},"change one list directly",[15,121873,78290],{},[20,121875,121876,121877,121879],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121878,74847],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[33,121881,2429],{"id":2428},[244,121883,121885,121886,3530,121888,3143],{"id":121884},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121887,74847],{},[15,121889,78290],{},[20,121891,121892,121894],{},[15,121893,74847],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[244,121896,5801,121898,5804,121900,3143],{"id":121897},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121899,78290],{},[15,121901,269],{},[20,121903,121904],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[244,121906,5813,121908,121910],{"id":121907},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121909,74847],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121912,121913],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[244,121915,28733,121917,121919],{"id":121916},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121918,64734],{}," on a string?",[20,121921,46782,121922,121924,121925,40343],{},[15,121923,64734],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121926,121927],{},"sorted(string)",[244,121929,12449,121931,5036,121933,121935],{"id":121930},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121932,74847],{},[15,121934,64734],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121937,121938,121939,110],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121940,78514],{},[33,121942,2526],{"id":2525},[174,121944,121945,121951,121957,121961,121965],{},[177,121946,121947],{},[210,121948,4226,121949,4159],{"href":74944},[15,121950,74847],{},[177,121952,121953],{},[210,121954,4226,121955,1637],{"href":75198},[15,121956,78290],{},[177,121958,121959],{},[210,121960,80296],{"href":78799},[177,121962,121963],{},[210,121964,121248],{"href":121247},[177,121966,121967],{},[210,121968,53191],{"href":51398},[2563,121970,121971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":121973},[121974,121975,121976,121980,121984,121987,121991,121995,122000,122010,122011,122012,122024],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":120042,"depth":98,"text":120043},{"id":118145,"depth":98,"text":119867,"children":121977},[121978],{"id":120109,"depth":135,"text":121979},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78356,"depth":98,"text":80318,"children":121981},[121982],{"id":120286,"depth":135,"text":121983},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120382,"depth":98,"text":120383,"children":121985},[121986],{"id":120408,"depth":135,"text":120409},{"id":120614,"depth":98,"text":121988,"children":121989},"When to use sorted()",[121990],{"id":120636,"depth":135,"text":120637},{"id":120771,"depth":98,"text":121992,"children":121993},"When to use list.sort()",[121994],{"id":120794,"depth":135,"text":120795},{"id":120908,"depth":98,"text":121996,"children":121997},"reverse and key work with both",[121998,121999],{"id":120939,"depth":135,"text":120940},{"id":121067,"depth":135,"text":121068},{"id":121251,"depth":98,"text":121252,"children":122001},[122002,122004,122006,122008],{"id":121258,"depth":135,"text":122003},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121382,"depth":135,"text":122005},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121531,"depth":135,"text":122007},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121582,"depth":135,"text":122009},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114149,"depth":98,"text":114150},{"id":121851,"depth":98,"text":121852},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":122013},[122014,122016,122018,122020,122022],{"id":121884,"depth":135,"text":122015},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121897,"depth":135,"text":122017},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121907,"depth":135,"text":122019},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121916,"depth":135,"text":122021},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121930,"depth":135,"text":122023},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119913,"description":122025},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122031,"title":42591,"body":122032,"description":123764,"extension":2611,"meta":123765,"navigation":357,"path":123766,"seo":123767,"stem":123768,"__hash__":123769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122033,"toc":123721},[122034,122039,122044,122050,122052,122107,122111,122134,122139,122144,122149,122151,122182,122185,122199,122201,122203,122218,122223,122227,122230,122281,122285,122299,122306,122310,122314,122369,122373,122396,122400,122456,122460,122483,122487,122542,122546,122569,122573,122640,122644,122679,122685,122690,122695,122697,122711,122713,122787,122791,122811,122816,122823,122826,122838,122840,122909,122913,122950,122953,122978,122985,122994,122997,123009,123015,123021,123023,123029,123034,123113,123117,123158,123162,123164,123191,123194,123217,123220,123226,123229,123266,123278,123285,123287,123338,123341,123373,123376,123378,123385,123387,123402,123404,123461,123465,123489,123491,123496,123512,123519,123523,123526,123609,123619,123621,123626,123629,123635,123638,123644,123647,123653,123656,123663,123671,123673,123718],[10,122035,4226,122037,4230],{"id":122036},"python-str-function-explained",[15,122038,48101],{},[20,122040,32724,122041,122043],{},[15,122042,48101],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,122045,122046,122047,122049],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,122048,48101],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[33,122051,36],{"id":35},[38,122053,122055],{"className":40,"code":122054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122056,122057,122065,122079,122083,122093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122058,122059,122061,122063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122060,22030],{"class":53},[47,122062,58],{"class":57},[47,122064,45642],{"class":349},[47,122066,122067,122069,122071,122073,122075,122077],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122068,35096],{"class":53},[47,122070,58],{"class":57},[47,122072,49322],{"class":106},[47,122074,117],{"class":61},[47,122076,81],{"class":113},[47,122078,132],{"class":61},[47,122080,122081],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122082,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122084,122085,122087,122089,122091],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122086,139],{"class":138},[47,122088,117],{"class":61},[47,122090,35117],{"class":113},[47,122092,132],{"class":61},[47,122094,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,122096,139],{"class":138},[47,122098,117],{"class":61},[47,122100,2392],{"class":106},[47,122102,117],{"class":61},[47,122104,35117],{"class":113},[47,122106,2266],{"class":61},[20,122108,122109],{},[278,122110,372],{},[38,122112,122114],{"className":40,"code":122113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122115,122116,122120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122117,122118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122119,3361],{"class":349},[47,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122123,3941],{"class":57},[47,122125,3944],{"class":2714},[47,122127,398],{"class":65},[47,122129,4093],{"class":69},[47,122131,385],{"class":65},[47,122133,3953],{"class":57},[20,122135,156,122136,122138],{},[15,122137,48101],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[33,122140,164,122142,167],{"id":122141},"what-str-does",[15,122143,48101],{},[20,122145,122146,122148],{},[15,122147,48101],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122150,2756],{},[174,122152,122153,122160,122167,122174],{},[177,122154,122155,122156,42570,122158],{},"An integer like ",[15,122157,2981],{},[15,122159,42541],{},[177,122161,122162,122163,42570,122165],{},"A float like ",[15,122164,40557],{},[15,122166,48512],{},[177,122168,122169,122170,42570,122172],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122171,4255],{},[15,122173,7285],{},[177,122175,122176,122177,42570,122179],{},"A list like ",[15,122178,75669],{},[15,122180,122181],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122183,122184],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[174,122186,122187,122190,122193,122196],{},[177,122188,122189],{},"print it",[177,122191,122192],{},"combine it with other strings",[177,122194,122195],{},"save it to a file",[177,122197,122198],{},"use it in messages",[33,122200,2806],{"id":2805},[20,122202,7863],{},[38,122204,122206],{"className":40,"code":122205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"str(object)\n",[15,122207,122208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122209,122210,122212,122214,122216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122211,4093],{"class":106},[47,122213,117],{"class":61},[47,122215,42814],{"class":106},[47,122217,132],{"class":61},[20,122219,21172,122220,122222],{},[15,122221,42814],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122224,122225,8871],{},[15,122226,48101],{},[20,122228,122229],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[38,122231,122233],{"className":40,"code":122232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122234,122235,122244,122267,122271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122236,122237,122239,122241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122238,5738],{"class":53},[47,122240,58],{"class":57},[47,122242,122243],{"class":349}," 100\n",[47,122245,122246,122248,122250,122252,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122247,90430],{"class":53},[47,122249,58],{"class":57},[47,122251,78],{"class":65},[47,122253,122254],{"class":69},"Your score is ",[47,122256,66],{"class":65},[47,122258,3105],{"class":57},[47,122260,49322],{"class":106},[47,122262,117],{"class":61},[47,122264,85943],{"class":113},[47,122266,132],{"class":61},[47,122268,122269],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122270,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122272,122273,122275,122277,122279],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122274,139],{"class":138},[47,122276,117],{"class":61},[47,122278,90447],{"class":113},[47,122280,132],{"class":61},[20,122282,122283],{},[278,122284,372],{},[38,122286,122288],{"className":40,"code":122287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122289,122290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122291,122292,122295,122297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122293,122294],{"class":53},"Your score ",[47,122296,12822],{"class":57},[47,122298,122243],{"class":349},[20,122300,2946,122301,122305],{},[210,122302,122303,2953],{"href":2949},[15,122304,2952],{}," can help you check.",[33,122307,122309],{"id":122308},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[244,122311,122313],{"id":122312},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[38,122315,122317],{"className":40,"code":122316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122318,122319,122327,122341,122345,122355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122320,122321,122323,122325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122322,2866],{"class":53},[47,122324,58],{"class":57},[47,122326,3239],{"class":349},[47,122328,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122330,35096],{"class":53},[47,122332,58],{"class":57},[47,122334,49322],{"class":106},[47,122336,117],{"class":61},[47,122338,2889],{"class":113},[47,122340,132],{"class":61},[47,122342,122343],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122344,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122346,122347,122349,122351,122353],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122348,139],{"class":138},[47,122350,117],{"class":61},[47,122352,35117],{"class":113},[47,122354,132],{"class":61},[47,122356,122357,122359,122361,122363,122365,122367],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,122358,139],{"class":138},[47,122360,117],{"class":61},[47,122362,2392],{"class":106},[47,122364,117],{"class":61},[47,122366,35117],{"class":113},[47,122368,2266],{"class":61},[20,122370,122371],{},[278,122372,372],{},[38,122374,122376],{"className":40,"code":122375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122377,122378,122382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122379,122380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122381,3027],{"class":349},[47,122383,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392,122394],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122385,3941],{"class":57},[47,122387,3944],{"class":2714},[47,122389,398],{"class":65},[47,122391,4093],{"class":69},[47,122393,385],{"class":65},[47,122395,3953],{"class":57},[244,122397,122399],{"id":122398},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[38,122401,122403],{"className":40,"code":122402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122404,122405,122414,122428,122432,122442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122406,122407,122409,122411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122408,40801],{"class":53},[47,122410,58],{"class":57},[47,122412,122413],{"class":349}," 3.14\n",[47,122415,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122417,35096],{"class":53},[47,122419,58],{"class":57},[47,122421,49322],{"class":106},[47,122423,117],{"class":61},[47,122425,25553],{"class":113},[47,122427,132],{"class":61},[47,122429,122430],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122431,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122433,122434,122436,122438,122440],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122435,139],{"class":138},[47,122437,117],{"class":61},[47,122439,35117],{"class":113},[47,122441,132],{"class":61},[47,122443,122444,122446,122448,122450,122452,122454],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,122445,139],{"class":138},[47,122447,117],{"class":61},[47,122449,2392],{"class":106},[47,122451,117],{"class":61},[47,122453,35117],{"class":113},[47,122455,2266],{"class":61},[20,122457,122458],{},[278,122459,372],{},[38,122461,122463],{"className":40,"code":122462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122464,122465,122469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122466,122467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122468,40591],{"class":349},[47,122470,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122472,3941],{"class":57},[47,122474,3944],{"class":2714},[47,122476,398],{"class":65},[47,122478,4093],{"class":69},[47,122480,385],{"class":65},[47,122482,3953],{"class":57},[244,122484,122486],{"id":122485},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[38,122488,122490],{"className":40,"code":122489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122491,122492,122500,122514,122518,122528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122493,122494,122496,122498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122495,3098],{"class":53},[47,122497,58],{"class":57},[47,122499,1518],{"class":559},[47,122501,122502,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122503,35096],{"class":53},[47,122505,58],{"class":57},[47,122507,49322],{"class":106},[47,122509,117],{"class":61},[47,122511,259],{"class":113},[47,122513,132],{"class":61},[47,122515,122516],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122517,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122519,122520,122522,122524,122526],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122521,139],{"class":138},[47,122523,117],{"class":61},[47,122525,35117],{"class":113},[47,122527,132],{"class":61},[47,122529,122530,122532,122534,122536,122538,122540],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,122531,139],{"class":138},[47,122533,117],{"class":61},[47,122535,2392],{"class":106},[47,122537,117],{"class":61},[47,122539,35117],{"class":113},[47,122541,2266],{"class":61},[20,122543,122544],{},[278,122545,372],{},[38,122547,122549],{"className":40,"code":122548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122550,122551,122555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122552,122553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122554,4620],{"class":559},[47,122556,122557,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122558,3941],{"class":57},[47,122560,3944],{"class":2714},[47,122562,398],{"class":65},[47,122564,4093],{"class":69},[47,122566,385],{"class":65},[47,122568,3953],{"class":57},[244,122570,122572],{"id":122571},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[38,122574,122576],{"className":40,"code":122575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122577,122578,122598,122612,122616,122626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122579,122580,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122581,8425],{"class":53},[47,122583,58],{"class":57},[47,122585,62],{"class":61},[47,122587,917],{"class":349},[47,122589,75],{"class":61},[47,122591,2409],{"class":349},[47,122593,75],{"class":61},[47,122595,2414],{"class":349},[47,122597,95],{"class":61},[47,122599,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122601,35096],{"class":53},[47,122603,58],{"class":57},[47,122605,49322],{"class":106},[47,122607,117],{"class":61},[47,122609,8456],{"class":113},[47,122611,132],{"class":61},[47,122613,122614],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122615,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122617,122618,122620,122622,122624],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122619,139],{"class":138},[47,122621,117],{"class":61},[47,122623,35117],{"class":113},[47,122625,132],{"class":61},[47,122627,122628,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,122629,139],{"class":138},[47,122631,117],{"class":61},[47,122633,2392],{"class":106},[47,122635,117],{"class":61},[47,122637,35117],{"class":113},[47,122639,2266],{"class":61},[20,122641,122642],{},[278,122643,372],{},[38,122645,122647],{"className":40,"code":122646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122648,122649,122665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122650,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122652,669],{"class":61},[47,122654,917],{"class":349},[47,122656,75],{"class":61},[47,122658,2409],{"class":349},[47,122660,75],{"class":61},[47,122662,2414],{"class":349},[47,122664,95],{"class":61},[47,122666,122667,122669,122671,122673,122675,122677],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122668,3941],{"class":57},[47,122670,3944],{"class":2714},[47,122672,398],{"class":65},[47,122674,4093],{"class":69},[47,122676,385],{"class":65},[47,122678,3953],{"class":57},[20,122680,122681,122682,122684],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[278,122683,1369],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[33,122686,1216,122688],{"id":122687},"when-to-use-str",[15,122689,48101],{},[20,122691,156,122692,122694],{},[15,122693,48101],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122696,36837],{},[174,122698,122699,122702,122705,122708],{},[177,122700,122701],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[177,122703,122704],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[177,122706,122707],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[177,122709,122710],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122712,603],{},[38,122714,122716],{"className":40,"code":122715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122717,122718,122730,122738,122742,122777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122719,122720,122722,122724,122726,122728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122721,8523],{"class":53},[47,122723,58],{"class":57},[47,122725,78],{"class":65},[47,122727,12141],{"class":69},[47,122729,689],{"class":65},[47,122731,122732,122734,122736],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122733,22030],{"class":53},[47,122735,58],{"class":57},[47,122737,45642],{"class":349},[47,122739,122740],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122741,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122743,122744,122746,122748,122750,122752,122754,122756,122758,122760,122762,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122775],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122745,90430],{"class":53},[47,122747,58],{"class":57},[47,122749,36379],{"class":53},[47,122751,2708],{"class":57},[47,122753,78],{"class":65},[47,122755,5427],{"class":69},[47,122757,66],{"class":65},[47,122759,3105],{"class":57},[47,122761,49322],{"class":106},[47,122763,117],{"class":61},[47,122765,81],{"class":113},[47,122767,4313],{"class":61},[47,122769,3105],{"class":57},[47,122771,78],{"class":65},[47,122773,122774],{"class":69}," years old.",[47,122776,689],{"class":65},[47,122778,122779,122781,122783,122785],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,122780,139],{"class":138},[47,122782,117],{"class":61},[47,122784,90447],{"class":113},[47,122786,132],{"class":61},[20,122788,122789],{},[278,122790,372],{},[38,122792,122794],{"className":40,"code":122793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122795,122796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122797,122798,122801,122803,122805,122808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122799,122800],{"class":53},"Maya ",[47,122802,12822],{"class":57},[47,122804,9946],{"class":349},[47,122806,122807],{"class":53}," years old",[47,122809,122810],{"class":61},".\n",[20,122812,122813,122814,110],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[210,122815,90116],{"href":90115},[33,122817,122819,11222,122821],{"id":122818},"str-vs-print",[15,122820,48101],{},[15,122822,46869],{},[20,122824,122825],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[174,122827,122828,122833],{},[177,122829,122830,122832],{},[15,122831,48101],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[177,122834,122835,122837],{},[15,122836,46869],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122839,603],{},[38,122841,122843],{"className":40,"code":122842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122844,122845,122853,122857,122871,122881,122895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122846,122847,122849,122851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122848,3098],{"class":53},[47,122850,58],{"class":57},[47,122852,3421],{"class":349},[47,122854,122855],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122856,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,122858,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122860,35096],{"class":53},[47,122862,58],{"class":57},[47,122864,49322],{"class":106},[47,122866,117],{"class":61},[47,122868,259],{"class":113},[47,122870,132],{"class":61},[47,122872,122873,122875,122877,122879],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,122874,139],{"class":138},[47,122876,117],{"class":61},[47,122878,35117],{"class":113},[47,122880,132],{"class":61},[47,122882,122883,122885,122887,122889,122891,122893],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,122884,139],{"class":138},[47,122886,117],{"class":61},[47,122888,2392],{"class":106},[47,122890,117],{"class":61},[47,122892,35117],{"class":113},[47,122894,2266],{"class":61},[47,122896,122897,122899,122901,122903,122905,122907],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,122898,139],{"class":138},[47,122900,117],{"class":61},[47,122902,2392],{"class":106},[47,122904,117],{"class":61},[47,122906,259],{"class":113},[47,122908,2266],{"class":61},[20,122910,122911],{},[278,122912,372],{},[38,122914,122916],{"className":40,"code":122915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122917,122918,122922,122936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122919,122920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122921,47029],{"class":349},[47,122923,122924,122926,122928,122930,122932,122934],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,122925,3941],{"class":57},[47,122927,3944],{"class":2714},[47,122929,398],{"class":65},[47,122931,4093],{"class":69},[47,122933,385],{"class":65},[47,122935,3953],{"class":57},[47,122937,122938,122940,122942,122944,122946,122948],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,122939,3941],{"class":57},[47,122941,3944],{"class":2714},[47,122943,398],{"class":65},[47,122945,2837],{"class":69},[47,122947,385],{"class":65},[47,122949,3953],{"class":57},[20,122951,122952],{},"Notice:",[174,122954,122955,122961,122966],{},[177,122956,122957,122960],{},[15,122958,122959],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[177,122962,122963,122965],{},[15,122964,46869],{}," only displayed values",[177,122967,122968,122970,122971,122973,122974,61723,122976],{},[15,122969,46869],{}," did not change ",[15,122972,259],{}," from ",[15,122975,2837],{},[15,122977,4093],{},[20,122979,122980,122981,110],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[210,122982,122983,2953],{"href":46866},[15,122984,46869],{},[33,122986,122988,11222,122990,122993],{"id":122987},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122989,48101],{},[15,122991,122992],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122995,122996],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[174,122998,122999,123004],{},[177,123000,123001,123003],{},[15,123002,48101],{}," is the more readable text version",[177,123005,123006,123008],{},[15,123007,122992],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,123010,123011,123012,123014],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,123013,48101],{}," much more often.",[20,123016,123017,123018,123020],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,123019,48101],{}," is usually the right choice.",[33,123022,5162],{"id":5161},[244,123024,26178,123026,123028],{"id":123025},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,123027,48101],{}," changes the original variable",[20,123030,123031,123033],{},[15,123032,48101],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[38,123035,123037],{"className":40,"code":123036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123038,123039,123047,123061,123065,123075,123089,123099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123040,123041,123043,123045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123042,22030],{"class":53},[47,123044,58],{"class":57},[47,123046,45642],{"class":349},[47,123048,123049,123051,123053,123055,123057,123059],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123050,35096],{"class":53},[47,123052,58],{"class":57},[47,123054,49322],{"class":106},[47,123056,117],{"class":61},[47,123058,81],{"class":113},[47,123060,132],{"class":61},[47,123062,123063],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,123064,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,123066,123067,123069,123071,123073],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,123068,139],{"class":138},[47,123070,117],{"class":61},[47,123072,81],{"class":113},[47,123074,132],{"class":61},[47,123076,123077,123079,123081,123083,123085,123087],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,123078,139],{"class":138},[47,123080,117],{"class":61},[47,123082,2392],{"class":106},[47,123084,117],{"class":61},[47,123086,81],{"class":113},[47,123088,2266],{"class":61},[47,123090,123091,123093,123095,123097],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,123092,139],{"class":138},[47,123094,117],{"class":61},[47,123096,35117],{"class":113},[47,123098,132],{"class":61},[47,123100,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109,123111],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,123102,139],{"class":138},[47,123104,117],{"class":61},[47,123106,2392],{"class":106},[47,123108,117],{"class":61},[47,123110,35117],{"class":113},[47,123112,2266],{"class":61},[20,123114,123115],{},[278,123116,372],{},[38,123118,123120],{"className":40,"code":123119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123121,123122,123126,123140,123144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123123,123124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123125,3361],{"class":349},[47,123127,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136,123138],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123129,3941],{"class":57},[47,123131,3944],{"class":2714},[47,123133,398],{"class":65},[47,123135,2837],{"class":69},[47,123137,385],{"class":65},[47,123139,3953],{"class":57},[47,123141,123142],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,123143,3361],{"class":349},[47,123145,123146,123148,123150,123152,123154,123156],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,123147,3941],{"class":57},[47,123149,3944],{"class":2714},[47,123151,398],{"class":65},[47,123153,4093],{"class":69},[47,123155,385],{"class":65},[47,123157,3953],{"class":57},[244,123159,123161],{"id":123160},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123163,7332],{},[38,123165,123167],{"className":40,"code":123166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123168,123169,123177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123170,123171,123173,123175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123172,22030],{"class":53},[47,123174,58],{"class":57},[47,123176,45642],{"class":349},[47,123178,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123180,35096],{"class":53},[47,123182,58],{"class":57},[47,123184,49322],{"class":106},[47,123186,117],{"class":61},[47,123188,81],{"class":113},[47,123190,132],{"class":61},[20,123192,123193],{},"But if you only do this:",[38,123195,123197],{"className":40,"code":123196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123198,123199,123207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123200,123201,123203,123205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123202,22030],{"class":53},[47,123204,58],{"class":57},[47,123206,45642],{"class":349},[47,123208,123209,123211,123213,123215],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123210,4093],{"class":106},[47,123212,117],{"class":61},[47,123214,81],{"class":113},[47,123216,132],{"class":61},[20,123218,123219],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[244,123221,453,123223,123225],{"id":123222},"using-str-too-early",[15,123224,48101],{}," too early",[20,123227,123228],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[38,123230,123232],{"className":40,"code":123231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123233,123234,123242,123257,123261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123235,123236,123238,123240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123237,40801],{"class":53},[47,123239,58],{"class":57},[47,123241,3239],{"class":349},[47,123243,123244,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123245,123246],{"class":53},"text_price ",[47,123248,58],{"class":57},[47,123250,49322],{"class":106},[47,123252,117],{"class":61},[47,123254,25553],{"class":113},[47,123256,132],{"class":61},[47,123258,123259],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,123260,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,123262,123263],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,123264,123265],{"class":152},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123267,123268,123269,3530,123273,123277],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[210,123270,123271],{"href":3526},[15,123272,3529],{},[210,123274,123275],{"href":3533},[15,123276,3536],{},", depending on the situation.",[244,123279,1968,123281,123284],{"id":123280},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123282,123283],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123286,65066],{},[38,123288,123290],{"className":40,"code":123289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123291,123292,123324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123293,123294,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316,123318,123320,123322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123295,8425],{"class":53},[47,123297,58],{"class":57},[47,123299,62],{"class":61},[47,123301,66],{"class":65},[47,123303,4720],{"class":69},[47,123305,66],{"class":65},[47,123307,75],{"class":61},[47,123309,78],{"class":65},[47,123311,4729],{"class":69},[47,123313,66],{"class":65},[47,123315,75],{"class":61},[47,123317,78],{"class":65},[47,123319,33628],{"class":69},[47,123321,66],{"class":65},[47,123323,95],{"class":61},[47,123325,123326,123328,123330,123332,123334,123336],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123327,139],{"class":138},[47,123329,117],{"class":61},[47,123331,4093],{"class":106},[47,123333,117],{"class":61},[47,123335,8456],{"class":113},[47,123337,2266],{"class":61},[20,123339,123340],{},"prints:",[38,123342,123343],{"className":40,"code":73259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123344,123345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123346,123347,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123348,669],{"class":61},[47,123350,385],{"class":65},[47,123352,4720],{"class":69},[47,123354,385],{"class":65},[47,123356,75],{"class":61},[47,123358,398],{"class":65},[47,123360,4729],{"class":69},[47,123362,385],{"class":65},[47,123364,75],{"class":61},[47,123366,398],{"class":65},[47,123368,33628],{"class":69},[47,123370,385],{"class":65},[47,123372,95],{"class":61},[20,123374,123375],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[33,123377,273],{"id":272},[20,123379,123380,22377,123382,110],{},[15,123381,48101],{},[278,123383,123384],{},"new string",[20,123386,12092],{},[174,123388,123389,123392,123395],{},[177,123390,123391],{},"It always returns a string",[177,123393,123394],{},"It does not modify the original object",[177,123396,8408,123397,123401],{},[210,123398,123399],{"href":2949},[15,123400,2952],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123403,603],{},[38,123405,123407],{"className":40,"code":123406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123408,123409,123417,123432,123436,123447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123410,123411,123413,123415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123412,3098],{"class":53},[47,123414,58],{"class":57},[47,123416,14745],{"class":349},[47,123418,123419,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123420,123421],{"class":53},"converted ",[47,123423,58],{"class":57},[47,123425,49322],{"class":106},[47,123427,117],{"class":61},[47,123429,259],{"class":113},[47,123431,132],{"class":61},[47,123433,123434],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,123435,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,123437,123438,123440,123442,123445],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,123439,139],{"class":138},[47,123441,117],{"class":61},[47,123443,123444],{"class":113},"converted",[47,123446,132],{"class":61},[47,123448,123449,123451,123453,123455,123457,123459],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,123450,139],{"class":138},[47,123452,117],{"class":61},[47,123454,2392],{"class":106},[47,123456,117],{"class":61},[47,123458,123444],{"class":113},[47,123460,2266],{"class":61},[20,123462,123463],{},[278,123464,372],{},[38,123466,123468],{"className":40,"code":123467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123469,123470,123475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123471,123472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123473,123474],{"class":349},"99\n",[47,123476,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123478,3941],{"class":57},[47,123480,3944],{"class":2714},[47,123482,398],{"class":65},[47,123484,4093],{"class":69},[47,123486,385],{"class":65},[47,123488,3953],{"class":57},[33,123490,114150],{"id":114149},[20,123492,123493,123494,75238],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123495,48101],{},[174,123497,123498,123501,123504,123509],{},[177,123499,123500],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[177,123502,123503],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[177,123505,453,123506,123508],{},[15,123507,48101],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[177,123510,123511],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123513,123514,123515,110],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[210,123516,26083,123517],{"href":90828},[15,123518,90829],{},[33,123520,123522],{"id":123521},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123524,123525],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[38,123527,123529],{"className":40,"code":123528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123530,123531,123539,123543,123553,123567,123571,123585,123595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123532,123533,123535,123537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123534,3098],{"class":53},[47,123536,58],{"class":57},[47,123538,45642],{"class":349},[47,123540,123541],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123542,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,123544,123545,123547,123549,123551],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,123546,139],{"class":138},[47,123548,117],{"class":61},[47,123550,259],{"class":113},[47,123552,132],{"class":61},[47,123554,123555,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,123556,139],{"class":138},[47,123558,117],{"class":61},[47,123560,2392],{"class":106},[47,123562,117],{"class":61},[47,123564,259],{"class":113},[47,123566,2266],{"class":61},[47,123568,123569],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,123570,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,123572,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,123574,123421],{"class":53},[47,123576,58],{"class":57},[47,123578,49322],{"class":106},[47,123580,117],{"class":61},[47,123582,259],{"class":113},[47,123584,132],{"class":61},[47,123586,123587,123589,123591,123593],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,123588,139],{"class":138},[47,123590,117],{"class":61},[47,123592,123444],{"class":113},[47,123594,132],{"class":61},[47,123596,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605,123607],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,123598,139],{"class":138},[47,123600,117],{"class":61},[47,123602,2392],{"class":106},[47,123604,117],{"class":61},[47,123606,123444],{"class":113},[47,123608,2266],{"class":61},[20,123610,123611,123612,2838,123614,123616,123617,110],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123613,2837],{},[15,123615,2841],{},", or another type into ",[15,123618,4093],{},[33,123620,2429],{"id":2428},[244,123622,5785,123624,5788],{"id":123623},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123625,48101],{},[20,123627,123628],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[244,123630,2433,123632,123634],{"id":123631},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123633,48101],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123636,123637],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[244,123639,5813,123641,123643],{"id":123640},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123642,48101],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123645,123646],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[244,123648,95014,123650,123652],{"id":123649},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123651,48101],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123654,123655],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[244,123657,15516,123659,57626,123661,3143],{"id":123658},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123660,48101],{},[15,123662,46869],{},[20,123664,46782,123665,123667,123668,123670],{},[15,123666,48101],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123669,46869],{}," shows output.",[33,123672,2526],{"id":2525},[174,123674,123675,123681,123687,123693,123699,123708,123712],{},[177,123676,123677],{},[210,123678,123679,4159],{"href":46866},[15,123680,46869],{},[177,123682,123683],{},[210,123684,123685,4159],{"href":2949},[15,123686,2952],{},[177,123688,123689],{},[210,123690,123691,4159],{"href":3526},[15,123692,3529],{},[177,123694,123695],{},[210,123696,123697,4159],{"href":3533},[15,123698,3536],{},[177,123700,123701],{},[210,123702,123704,123705,123707],{"href":123703},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123706,2837],{}," to string in Python",[177,123709,123710],{},[210,123711,91106],{"href":90115},[177,123713,123714],{},[210,123715,30753,123716],{"href":90828},[15,123717,90829],{},[2563,123719,123720],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":123722},[123723,123724,123726,123727,123733,123735,123737,123739,123748,123749,123750,123751,123763],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":122141,"depth":98,"text":123725},"What str() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":122308,"depth":98,"text":122309,"children":123728},[123729,123730,123731,123732],{"id":122312,"depth":135,"text":122313},{"id":122398,"depth":135,"text":122399},{"id":122485,"depth":135,"text":122486},{"id":122571,"depth":135,"text":122572},{"id":122687,"depth":98,"text":123734},"When to use str()",{"id":122818,"depth":98,"text":123736},"str() vs print()",{"id":122987,"depth":98,"text":123738},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":123740},[123741,123743,123744,123746],{"id":123025,"depth":135,"text":123742},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123160,"depth":135,"text":123161},{"id":123222,"depth":135,"text":123745},"Using str() too early",{"id":123280,"depth":135,"text":123747},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":114149,"depth":98,"text":114150},{"id":123521,"depth":98,"text":123522},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":123752},[123753,123755,123757,123759,123761],{"id":123623,"depth":135,"text":123754},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123631,"depth":135,"text":123756},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123640,"depth":135,"text":123758},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123649,"depth":135,"text":123760},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123658,"depth":135,"text":123762},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42591,"description":123764},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123771,"title":123772,"body":123773,"description":125226,"extension":2611,"meta":125227,"navigation":357,"path":125228,"seo":125229,"stem":125230,"__hash__":125231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123774,"toc":125188},[123775,123781,123787,123790,123812,123814,123876,123878,123891,123897,123902,123907,123909,123922,123933,123935,123962,123964,123981,123988,123999,124001,124006,124008,124020,124028,124037,124039,124042,124095,124097,124105,124113,124117,124122,124162,124164,124172,124175,124177,124217,124219,124227,124237,124243,124246,124319,124321,124334,124338,124343,124371,124374,124409,124411,124419,124422,124426,124430,124432,124448,124450,124490,124492,124500,124509,124552,124554,124562,124564,124568,124574,124577,124617,124619,124627,124632,124635,124678,124682,124685,124720,124725,124727,124766,124776,124784,124794,124802,124806,124811,124813,124854,124856,124864,124869,124872,124875,124893,124899,124903,124908,124911,124951,124953,124958,125057,125060,125076,125078,125097,125099,125106,125109,125115,125118,125124,125128,125134,125137,125143,125146,125148,125185],[10,123776,123778,123779,18],{"id":123777},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123780,57711],{},[20,123782,123783,123784,123786],{},"The Python string ",[15,123785,57711],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123788,123789],{},"This reference page explains:",[174,123791,123792,123796,123799,123801,123809],{},[177,123793,26423,123794,167],{},[15,123795,57711],{},[177,123797,123798],{},"its syntax",[177,123800,35804],{},[177,123802,123803,123804,5036,123806,123808],{},"how ",[15,123805,36483],{},[15,123807,53080],{}," work",[177,123810,123811],{},"common beginner mistakes",[33,123813,36],{"id":35},[38,123815,123817],{"className":40,"code":123816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123818,123819,123831,123853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123820,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123822,35096],{"class":53},[47,123824,58],{"class":57},[47,123826,78],{"class":65},[47,123828,4729],{"class":69},[47,123830,689],{"class":65},[47,123832,123833,123835,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849,123851],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123834,139],{"class":138},[47,123836,117],{"class":61},[47,123838,35117],{"class":113},[47,123840,110],{"class":61},[47,123842,41674],{"class":113},[47,123844,117],{"class":61},[47,123846,66],{"class":65},[47,123848,210],{"class":69},[47,123850,66],{"class":65},[47,123852,2266],{"class":61},[47,123854,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123872,123874],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,123856,139],{"class":138},[47,123858,117],{"class":61},[47,123860,35117],{"class":113},[47,123862,110],{"class":61},[47,123864,41674],{"class":113},[47,123866,117],{"class":61},[47,123868,66],{"class":65},[47,123870,123871],{"class":69},"na",[47,123873,66],{"class":65},[47,123875,2266],{"class":61},[20,123877,372],{},[38,123879,123881],{"className":40,"code":123880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\n",[15,123882,123883,123887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123884,123885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123886,47034],{"class":349},[47,123888,123889],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,123890,17665],{"class":349},[20,123892,156,123893,123896],{},[15,123894,123895],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[33,123898,13624,123900,13627],{"id":123899},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123901,57711],{},[20,123903,123904,123906],{},[15,123905,57711],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123908,13677],{},[174,123910,123911,123914,123917,123919],{},[177,123912,123913],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[177,123915,123916],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[177,123918,44074],{},[177,123920,123921],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123923,123924,123925,123927,123928,2838,123930,123932],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123926,994],{}," characters are in ",[15,123929,65697],{},[15,123931,57711],{}," is a simple choice.",[33,123934,2806],{"id":2805},[38,123936,123938],{"className":40,"code":123937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123939,123940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123941,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123943,61596],{"class":53},[47,123945,110],{"class":61},[47,123947,41674],{"class":113},[47,123949,117],{"class":61},[47,123951,259],{"class":113},[47,123953,75],{"class":61},[47,123955,36462],{"class":113},[47,123957,75],{"class":61},[47,123959,65463],{"class":113},[47,123961,132],{"class":61},[244,123963,247],{"id":246},[174,123965,123966,123971,123976],{},[177,123967,123968,123970],{},[15,123969,259],{},": the text to search for",[177,123972,123973,123975],{},[15,123974,36483],{},": optional; where counting begins",[177,123977,123978,123980],{},[15,123979,53080],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123982,123983,5036,123985,123987],{},[15,123984,36483],{},[15,123986,53080],{}," work like slice positions:",[174,123989,123990,123995],{},[177,123991,123992,123994],{},[15,123993,36483],{}," is included",[177,123996,123997,76164],{},[15,123998,53080],{},[33,124000,273],{"id":272},[20,124002,124003,124005],{},[15,124004,57711],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,124007,1237],{},[174,124009,124010,124015],{},[177,124011,124012,124013],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,124014,2711],{},[177,124016,124017,124018],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,124019,436],{},[20,124021,41320,124022,5804,124024,3530,124026,110],{},[278,124023,1369],{},[15,124025,4255],{},[15,124027,4326],{},[20,124029,124030,124031,124036],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[210,124032,124034,102024],{"href":124033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,124035,1114],{}," is often a better fit.",[33,124038,12109],{"id":12108},[20,124040,124041],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[38,124043,124045],{"className":40,"code":124044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,124046,124047,124059,124081,124085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124048,124049,124051,124053,124055,124057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124050,35096],{"class":53},[47,124052,58],{"class":57},[47,124054,78],{"class":65},[47,124056,4720],{"class":69},[47,124058,689],{"class":65},[47,124060,124061,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124062,2879],{"class":53},[47,124064,58],{"class":57},[47,124066,43257],{"class":53},[47,124068,110],{"class":61},[47,124070,41674],{"class":113},[47,124072,117],{"class":61},[47,124074,66],{"class":65},[47,124076,20],{"class":69},[47,124078,66],{"class":65},[47,124080,132],{"class":61},[47,124082,124083],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,124084,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,124086,124087,124089,124091,124093],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,124088,139],{"class":138},[47,124090,117],{"class":61},[47,124092,2914],{"class":113},[47,124094,132],{"class":61},[20,124096,372],{},[38,124098,124099],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124100,124101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124102,124103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124104,17665],{"class":349},[20,124106,64242,124107,124110,124111,110],{},[15,124108,124109],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,124112,58254],{},[33,124114,124116],{"id":124115},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,124118,124119,124121],{},[15,124120,57711],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[38,124123,124125],{"className":40,"code":124124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,124126,124127,124140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124128,124129,124131,124133,124135,124138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124130,35096],{"class":53},[47,124132,58],{"class":57},[47,124134,78],{"class":65},[47,124136,124137],{"class":69},"cat dog cat bird cat",[47,124139,689],{"class":65},[47,124141,124142,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124143,139],{"class":138},[47,124145,117],{"class":61},[47,124147,35117],{"class":113},[47,124149,110],{"class":61},[47,124151,41674],{"class":113},[47,124153,117],{"class":61},[47,124155,66],{"class":65},[47,124157,37459],{"class":69},[47,124159,66],{"class":65},[47,124161,2266],{"class":61},[20,124163,372],{},[38,124165,124166],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124167,124168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124169,124170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124171,47034],{"class":349},[20,124173,124174],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124176,603],{},[38,124178,124180],{"className":40,"code":124179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124181,124182,124195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124183,124184,124186,124188,124190,124193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124185,35096],{"class":53},[47,124187,58],{"class":57},[47,124189,78],{"class":65},[47,124191,124192],{"class":69},"one One one",[47,124194,689],{"class":65},[47,124196,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211,124213,124215],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124198,139],{"class":138},[47,124200,117],{"class":61},[47,124202,35117],{"class":113},[47,124204,110],{"class":61},[47,124206,41674],{"class":113},[47,124208,117],{"class":61},[47,124210,66],{"class":65},[47,124212,7229],{"class":69},[47,124214,66],{"class":65},[47,124216,2266],{"class":61},[20,124218,372],{},[38,124220,124221],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124222,124223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124224,124225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124226,17665],{"class":349},[20,124228,124229,124230,124233,124234,124236],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124231,124232],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124235,57711],{}," is case-sensitive.",[33,124238,453,124239,5036,124241],{"id":65829},[15,124240,36483],{},[15,124242,53080],{},[20,124244,124245],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[38,124247,124249],{"className":40,"code":124248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124250,124251,124263,124289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124252,124253,124255,124257,124259,124261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124254,35096],{"class":53},[47,124256,58],{"class":57},[47,124258,78],{"class":65},[47,124260,4729],{"class":69},[47,124262,689],{"class":65},[47,124264,124265,124267,124269,124271,124273,124275,124277,124279,124281,124283,124285,124287],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124266,139],{"class":138},[47,124268,117],{"class":61},[47,124270,35117],{"class":113},[47,124272,110],{"class":61},[47,124274,41674],{"class":113},[47,124276,117],{"class":61},[47,124278,66],{"class":65},[47,124280,210],{"class":69},[47,124282,66],{"class":65},[47,124284,75],{"class":61},[47,124286,2409],{"class":349},[47,124288,2266],{"class":61},[47,124290,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,124292,139],{"class":138},[47,124294,117],{"class":61},[47,124296,35117],{"class":113},[47,124298,110],{"class":61},[47,124300,41674],{"class":113},[47,124302,117],{"class":61},[47,124304,66],{"class":65},[47,124306,210],{"class":69},[47,124308,66],{"class":65},[47,124310,75],{"class":61},[47,124312,2409],{"class":349},[47,124314,75],{"class":61},[47,124316,5249],{"class":349},[47,124318,2266],{"class":61},[20,124320,372],{},[38,124322,124324],{"className":40,"code":124323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n1\n",[15,124325,124326,124330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124327,124328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124329,17665],{"class":349},[47,124331,124332],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124333,47334],{"class":349},[244,124335,124337],{"id":124336},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124339,124340,124341,172],{},"In ",[15,124342,65697],{},[174,124344,124345,124353,124361],{},[177,124346,71388,124347,124349,124350],{},[15,124348,2705],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124351,124352],{},"\"n\"",[177,124354,124355,124358,124359,76462],{},[15,124356,124357],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124360,2705],{},[177,124362,124363,124358,124366,124368,124369],{},[15,124364,124365],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124367,2705],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124370,2784],{},[20,124372,124373],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[38,124375,124377],{"className":40,"code":124376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124378,124379,124391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124380,124381,124383,124385,124387,124389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124382,35096],{"class":53},[47,124384,58],{"class":57},[47,124386,78],{"class":65},[47,124388,4729],{"class":69},[47,124390,689],{"class":65},[47,124392,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405,124407],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124394,139],{"class":138},[47,124396,117],{"class":61},[47,124398,35117],{"class":113},[47,124400,669],{"class":61},[47,124402,2705],{"class":349},[47,124404,172],{"class":61},[47,124406,2784],{"class":349},[47,124408,2166],{"class":61},[20,124410,372],{},[38,124412,124413],{"className":40,"code":41883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124414,124415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124416,124417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124418,41883],{"class":53},[20,124420,124421],{},"Only that section is searched.",[33,124423,124425],{"id":124424},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124427,124428,124236],{},[15,124429,57711],{},[20,124431,2756],{},[174,124433,124434,124442],{},[177,124435,124436,5036,124438,124441],{},[15,124437,994],{},[15,124439,124440],{},"\"A\""," are different",[177,124443,124444,5036,124446,124441],{},[15,124445,64957],{},[15,124447,90841],{},[20,124449,603],{},[38,124451,124453],{"className":40,"code":124452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124454,124455,124468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124456,124457,124459,124461,124463,124466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124458,35096],{"class":53},[47,124460,58],{"class":57},[47,124462,78],{"class":65},[47,124464,124465],{"class":69},"Apple apple APPLE",[47,124467,689],{"class":65},[47,124469,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486,124488],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124471,139],{"class":138},[47,124473,117],{"class":61},[47,124475,35117],{"class":113},[47,124477,110],{"class":61},[47,124479,41674],{"class":113},[47,124481,117],{"class":61},[47,124483,66],{"class":65},[47,124485,4720],{"class":69},[47,124487,66],{"class":65},[47,124489,2266],{"class":61},[20,124491,372],{},[38,124493,124494],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124495,124496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124497,124498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124499,47334],{"class":349},[20,124501,124502,124503,172],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[210,124504,124506],{"href":124505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124507,124508],{},"lower()",[38,124510,124512],{"className":40,"code":124511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124513,124514,124526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124515,124516,124518,124520,124522,124524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124517,35096],{"class":53},[47,124519,58],{"class":57},[47,124521,78],{"class":65},[47,124523,124465],{"class":69},[47,124525,689],{"class":65},[47,124527,124528,124530,124532,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542,124544,124546,124548,124550],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124529,139],{"class":138},[47,124531,117],{"class":61},[47,124533,35117],{"class":113},[47,124535,110],{"class":61},[47,124537,9285],{"class":113},[47,124539,9282],{"class":61},[47,124541,41674],{"class":113},[47,124543,117],{"class":61},[47,124545,66],{"class":65},[47,124547,4720],{"class":69},[47,124549,66],{"class":65},[47,124551,2266],{"class":61},[20,124553,372],{},[38,124555,124556],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124557,124558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124559,124560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124561,47034],{"class":349},[33,124563,1641],{"id":1640},[20,124565,23497,124566,110],{},[15,124567,57711],{},[244,124569,1968,124571,124573],{"id":124570},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124572,57711],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124575,124576],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[38,124578,124580],{"className":40,"code":124579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124581,124582,124595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124583,124584,124586,124588,124590,124593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124585,35096],{"class":53},[47,124587,58],{"class":57},[47,124589,78],{"class":65},[47,124591,124592],{"class":69},"Aardvark",[47,124594,689],{"class":65},[47,124596,124597,124599,124601,124603,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613,124615],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124598,139],{"class":138},[47,124600,117],{"class":61},[47,124602,35117],{"class":113},[47,124604,110],{"class":61},[47,124606,41674],{"class":113},[47,124608,117],{"class":61},[47,124610,66],{"class":65},[47,124612,210],{"class":69},[47,124614,66],{"class":65},[47,124616,2266],{"class":61},[20,124618,372],{},[38,124620,124621],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124622,124623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124624,124625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124626,17665],{"class":349},[20,124628,124229,124629,124631],{},[15,124630,124440],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124633,124634],{},"If needed, convert first:",[38,124636,124638],{"className":40,"code":124637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124639,124640,124652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124641,124642,124644,124646,124648,124650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124643,35096],{"class":53},[47,124645,58],{"class":57},[47,124647,78],{"class":65},[47,124649,124592],{"class":69},[47,124651,689],{"class":65},[47,124653,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124655,139],{"class":138},[47,124657,117],{"class":61},[47,124659,35117],{"class":113},[47,124661,110],{"class":61},[47,124663,9285],{"class":113},[47,124665,9282],{"class":61},[47,124667,41674],{"class":113},[47,124669,117],{"class":61},[47,124671,66],{"class":65},[47,124673,210],{"class":69},[47,124675,66],{"class":65},[47,124677,2266],{"class":61},[244,124679,124681],{"id":124680},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124683,124684],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[38,124686,124688],{"className":40,"code":124687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124689,124690,124702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124691,124692,124694,124696,124698,124700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124693,35096],{"class":53},[47,124695,58],{"class":57},[47,124697,78],{"class":65},[47,124699,4729],{"class":69},[47,124701,689],{"class":65},[47,124703,124704,124706,124708,124710,124712,124714,124716,124718],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124705,139],{"class":138},[47,124707,117],{"class":61},[47,124709,35117],{"class":113},[47,124711,110],{"class":61},[47,124713,41674],{"class":113},[47,124715,117],{"class":61},[47,124717,210],{"class":113},[47,124719,2266],{"class":61},[20,124721,124722,124723,110],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124724,210],{},[20,124726,11443],{},[38,124728,124730],{"className":40,"code":124729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124731,124732,124744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124733,124734,124736,124738,124740,124742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124735,35096],{"class":53},[47,124737,58],{"class":57},[47,124739,78],{"class":65},[47,124741,4729],{"class":69},[47,124743,689],{"class":65},[47,124745,124746,124748,124750,124752,124754,124756,124758,124760,124762,124764],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124747,139],{"class":138},[47,124749,117],{"class":61},[47,124751,35117],{"class":113},[47,124753,110],{"class":61},[47,124755,41674],{"class":113},[47,124757,117],{"class":61},[47,124759,66],{"class":65},[47,124761,210],{"class":69},[47,124763,66],{"class":65},[47,124765,2266],{"class":61},[244,124767,37616,124769,9350,124771,3530,124774],{"id":124768},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124770,57711],{},[15,124772,124773],{},"find()",[15,124775,59389],{},[20,124777,156,124778,124780,124781,110],{},[15,124779,57711],{}," when you need the ",[278,124782,124783],{},"number of matches",[20,124785,156,124786,124780,124791,124793],{},[210,124787,124789],{"href":124788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124790,124773],{},[278,124792,65369],{}," of the first match.",[20,124795,156,124796,124801],{},[210,124797,124799],{"href":124798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124800,59389],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[244,124803,124805],{"id":124804},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124807,124808,124810],{},[15,124809,57711],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124812,603],{},[38,124814,124816],{"className":40,"code":124815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124817,124818,124831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124819,124820,124822,124824,124826,124829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124821,35096],{"class":53},[47,124823,58],{"class":57},[47,124825,78],{"class":65},[47,124827,124828],{"class":69},"aaaa",[47,124830,689],{"class":65},[47,124832,124833,124835,124837,124839,124841,124843,124845,124847,124850,124852],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124834,139],{"class":138},[47,124836,117],{"class":61},[47,124838,35117],{"class":113},[47,124840,110],{"class":61},[47,124842,41674],{"class":113},[47,124844,117],{"class":61},[47,124846,66],{"class":65},[47,124848,124849],{"class":69},"aa",[47,124851,66],{"class":65},[47,124853,2266],{"class":61},[20,124855,372],{},[38,124857,124858],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124859,124860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124861,124862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124863,17665],{"class":349},[20,124865,124866,124867,110],{},"It does not return ",[15,124868,2711],{},[20,124870,124871],{},"Why not?",[20,124873,124874],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[174,124876,124877,124886],{},[177,124878,124879,124882,124883],{},[15,124880,124881],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124884,124885],{},"0-1",[177,124887,124888,124882,124890],{},[15,124889,124881],{},[15,124891,124892],{},"2-3",[20,124894,124895,124896,110],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124897,124898],{},"1-2",[33,124900,1216,124901],{"id":58794},[15,124902,57711],{},[20,124904,156,124905,124907],{},[15,124906,57711],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124909,124910],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[174,124912,124913,124922,124932,124942],{},[177,124914,156,124915,124917,124918,124921],{},[15,124916,57711],{}," when you need ",[278,124919,124920],{},"how many times"," something appears",[177,124923,156,124924,124917,124928,124931],{},[210,124925,124926],{"href":124788},[15,124927,124773],{},[278,124929,124930],{},"where"," it appears",[177,124933,48228,124934,124938,124939],{},[210,124935,124936,102024],{"href":124033},[15,124937,1114],{}," when you only need to know ",[278,124940,124941],{},"if it exists",[177,124943,156,124944,124950],{},[210,124945,124947],{"href":124946},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124948,124949],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[33,124952,26346],{"id":26345},[20,124954,9520,124955,124957],{},[15,124956,57711],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[38,124959,124961],{"className":40,"code":124960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124962,124963,124973,124987,125009,125035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124964,124965,124967,124969,124971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124966,139],{"class":138},[47,124968,117],{"class":61},[47,124970,35117],{"class":113},[47,124972,132],{"class":61},[47,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981,124983,124985],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,124976,139],{"class":138},[47,124978,117],{"class":61},[47,124980,2392],{"class":106},[47,124982,117],{"class":61},[47,124984,35117],{"class":113},[47,124986,2266],{"class":61},[47,124988,124989,124991,124993,124995,124997,124999,125001,125003,125005,125007],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,124990,139],{"class":138},[47,124992,117],{"class":61},[47,124994,35117],{"class":113},[47,124996,110],{"class":61},[47,124998,41674],{"class":113},[47,125000,117],{"class":61},[47,125002,66],{"class":65},[47,125004,210],{"class":69},[47,125006,66],{"class":65},[47,125008,2266],{"class":61},[47,125010,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019,125021,125023,125025,125027,125029,125031,125033],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,125012,139],{"class":138},[47,125014,117],{"class":61},[47,125016,35117],{"class":113},[47,125018,110],{"class":61},[47,125020,9285],{"class":113},[47,125022,9282],{"class":61},[47,125024,41674],{"class":113},[47,125026,117],{"class":61},[47,125028,66],{"class":65},[47,125030,210],{"class":69},[47,125032,66],{"class":65},[47,125034,2266],{"class":61},[47,125036,125037,125039,125041,125043,125045,125047,125049,125051,125053,125055],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,125038,139],{"class":138},[47,125040,117],{"class":61},[47,125042,35117],{"class":113},[47,125044,110],{"class":61},[47,125046,41674],{"class":113},[47,125048,117],{"class":61},[47,125050,66],{"class":65},[47,125052,123871],{"class":69},[47,125054,66],{"class":65},[47,125056,2266],{"class":61},[20,125058,125059],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[174,125061,125062,125065,125070,125073],{},[177,125063,125064],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[177,125066,125067,125069],{},[15,125068,35117],{}," not being a string",[177,125071,125072],{},"counting the wrong substring",[177,125074,125075],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,125077,59283],{},[174,125079,125080,125083,125086,125089],{},[177,125081,125082],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[177,125084,125085],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[177,125087,125088],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[177,125090,50910,125091,45046,125093,3530,125095,73734],{},[15,125092,57711],{},[15,125094,124773],{},[15,125096,1114],{},[33,125098,2429],{"id":2428},[244,125100,125102,125103,125105],{"id":125101},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,125104,57711],{}," change the original string?",[20,125107,125108],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[244,125110,15516,125112,125114],{"id":125111},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,125113,57711],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,125116,125117],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[244,125119,5785,125121,125123],{"id":125120},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,125122,57711],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,125125,5791,125126,110],{},[15,125127,436],{},[244,125129,5813,125131,125133],{"id":125130},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,125132,57711],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,125135,125136],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[244,125138,2433,125140,125142],{"id":125139},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125141,57711],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125144,125145],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[33,125147,2526],{"id":2525},[174,125149,125150,125157,125164,125171,125178],{},[177,125151,125152],{},[210,125153,125154],{"href":124788},[15,125155,125156],{},"Python string find() method",[177,125158,125159],{},[210,125160,125161],{"href":124798},[15,125162,125163],{},"Python string index() method",[177,125165,125166],{},[210,125167,125168],{"href":124505},[15,125169,125170],{},"Python string lower() method",[177,125172,125173],{},[210,125174,125175],{"href":124033},[15,125176,125177],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[177,125179,125180],{},[210,125181,125182],{"href":124946},[15,125183,125184],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2563,125186,125187],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":125189},[125190,125191,125193,125196,125197,125198,125199,125202,125203,125211,125212,125213,125225],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":123899,"depth":98,"text":125192},"What the count() method does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":125194},[125195],{"id":246,"depth":135,"text":247},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":124115,"depth":98,"text":124116},{"id":65829,"depth":98,"text":66612,"children":125200},[125201],{"id":124336,"depth":135,"text":124337},{"id":124424,"depth":98,"text":124425},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":125204},[125205,125207,125208,125210],{"id":124570,"depth":135,"text":125206},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124680,"depth":135,"text":124681},{"id":124768,"depth":135,"text":125209},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124804,"depth":135,"text":124805},{"id":58794,"depth":98,"text":59425},{"id":26345,"depth":98,"text":26346},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":125214},[125215,125217,125219,125221,125223],{"id":125101,"depth":135,"text":125216},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125111,"depth":135,"text":125218},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125120,"depth":135,"text":125220},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125130,"depth":135,"text":125222},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125139,"depth":135,"text":125224},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123772,"description":125226},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125233,"title":125234,"body":125235,"description":126820,"extension":2611,"meta":126821,"navigation":357,"path":126822,"seo":126823,"stem":126824,"__hash__":126825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125236,"toc":126793},[125237,125240,125243,125340,125349,125351,125370,125374,125377,125380,125393,125396,125425,125430,125435,125493,125495,125528,125534,125538,125541,125544,125573,125576,125603,125606,125609,125613,125616,125623,125686,125688,125706,125709,125713,125716,125719,125761,125764,125808,125811,125814,125818,125823,125826,125869,125871,125894,125897,125930,125933,125982,125992,125996,125999,126002,126031,126034,126045,126047,126106,126109,126113,126116,126119,126134,126143,126146,126180,126183,126210,126213,126220,126222,126225,126227,126230,126244,126253,126255,126282,126286,126289,126303,126306,126365,126369,126372,126399,126402,126429,126437,126440,126500,126502,126535,126539,126542,126561,126566,126615,126620,126622,126625,126684,126702,126704,126708,126716,126720,126723,126727,126733,126737,126747,126751,126754,126756,126790],[10,125238,125234],{"id":125239},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125241,125242],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[38,125244,125246],{"className":40,"code":125245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125247,125248,125260,125272,125281,125295,125299,125309,125319,125330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125249,125250,125252,125254,125256,125258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125251,8523],{"class":53},[47,125253,58],{"class":57},[47,125255,78],{"class":65},[47,125257,5647],{"class":69},[47,125259,689],{"class":65},[47,125261,125262,125264,125266,125268,125270],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125263,90430],{"class":53},[47,125265,58],{"class":57},[47,125267,398],{"class":65},[47,125269,35276],{"class":69},[47,125271,30105],{"class":65},[47,125273,125274,125277,125279],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125275,125276],{"class":53},"empty ",[47,125278,58],{"class":57},[47,125280,8528],{"class":65},[47,125282,125283,125285,125287,125289,125291,125293],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,125284,35096],{"class":53},[47,125286,58],{"class":57},[47,125288,49322],{"class":106},[47,125290,117],{"class":61},[47,125292,50664],{"class":349},[47,125294,132],{"class":61},[47,125296,125297],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,125298,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,125300,125301,125303,125305,125307],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,125302,139],{"class":138},[47,125304,117],{"class":61},[47,125306,70],{"class":113},[47,125308,132],{"class":61},[47,125310,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,125312,139],{"class":138},[47,125314,117],{"class":61},[47,125316,90447],{"class":113},[47,125318,132],{"class":61},[47,125320,125321,125323,125325,125328],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,125322,139],{"class":138},[47,125324,117],{"class":61},[47,125326,125327],{"class":113},"empty",[47,125329,132],{"class":61},[47,125331,125332,125334,125336,125338],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,125333,139],{"class":138},[47,125335,117],{"class":61},[47,125337,35117],{"class":113},[47,125339,132],{"class":61},[20,125341,125342,125345,125346,125348],{},[278,125343,125344],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125347,48101],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[33,125350,15773],{"id":15772},[174,125352,125353,125356,125359,125362,125367],{},[177,125354,125355],{},"What a string is in Python",[177,125357,125358],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[177,125360,125361],{},"How to create an empty string",[177,125363,125364,125365],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125366,48101],{},[177,125368,125369],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[33,125371,125373],{"id":125372},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125375,125376],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125378,125379],{},"Strings can contain:",[174,125381,125382,125385,125387,125390],{},[177,125383,125384],{},"Letters",[177,125386,56882],{},[177,125388,125389],{},"Spaces",[177,125391,125392],{},"Symbols",[20,125394,125395],{},"Examples of strings:",[38,125397,125399],{"className":40,"code":125398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125400,125401,125409,125417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125402,125403,125405,125407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125404,66],{"class":43744},[47,125406,4492],{"class":43748},[47,125408,689],{"class":43744},[47,125410,125411,125413,125415],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125412,66],{"class":43744},[47,125414,50664],{"class":43748},[47,125416,689],{"class":43744},[47,125418,125419,125421,125423],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125420,66],{"class":43744},[47,125422,89572],{"class":43748},[47,125424,689],{"class":43744},[20,125426,21379,125427,125429],{},[15,125428,50714],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125431,125432,125433,172],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125434,2952],{},[38,125436,125438],{"className":40,"code":125437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125439,125440,125452,125461,125465,125479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125441,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125443,35096],{"class":53},[47,125445,58],{"class":57},[47,125447,78],{"class":65},[47,125449,50664],{"class":69},[47,125451,689],{"class":65},[47,125453,125454,125456,125458],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125455,2866],{"class":53},[47,125457,58],{"class":57},[47,125459,125460],{"class":349}," 123\n",[47,125462,125463],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125464,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,125466,125467,125469,125471,125473,125475,125477],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,125468,139],{"class":138},[47,125470,117],{"class":61},[47,125472,2392],{"class":106},[47,125474,117],{"class":61},[47,125476,35117],{"class":113},[47,125478,2266],{"class":61},[47,125480,125481,125483,125485,125487,125489,125491],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,125482,139],{"class":138},[47,125484,117],{"class":61},[47,125486,2392],{"class":106},[47,125488,117],{"class":61},[47,125490,2889],{"class":113},[47,125492,2266],{"class":61},[20,125494,372],{},[38,125496,125498],{"className":40,"code":125497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125499,125500,125514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125501,125502,125504,125506,125508,125510,125512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125503,3941],{"class":57},[47,125505,3944],{"class":2714},[47,125507,398],{"class":65},[47,125509,4093],{"class":69},[47,125511,385],{"class":65},[47,125513,3953],{"class":57},[47,125515,125516,125518,125520,125522,125524,125526],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125517,3941],{"class":57},[47,125519,3944],{"class":2714},[47,125521,398],{"class":65},[47,125523,2837],{"class":69},[47,125525,385],{"class":65},[47,125527,3953],{"class":57},[20,125529,125530,125531,110],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[210,125532,125533],{"href":51394},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[33,125535,125537],{"id":125536},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125539,125540],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125542,125543],{},"You can use single quotes:",[38,125545,125547],{"className":40,"code":125546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125548,125549,125562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125550,125551,125554,125556,125558,125560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125552,125553],{"class":53},"greeting ",[47,125555,58],{"class":57},[47,125557,398],{"class":65},[47,125559,4492],{"class":69},[47,125561,30105],{"class":65},[47,125563,125564,125566,125568,125571],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125565,139],{"class":138},[47,125567,117],{"class":61},[47,125569,125570],{"class":113},"greeting",[47,125572,132],{"class":61},[20,125574,125575],{},"Or double quotes:",[38,125577,125579],{"className":40,"code":125578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125580,125581,125593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125582,125583,125585,125587,125589,125591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125584,125553],{"class":53},[47,125586,58],{"class":57},[47,125588,78],{"class":65},[47,125590,4492],{"class":69},[47,125592,689],{"class":65},[47,125594,125595,125597,125599,125601],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125596,139],{"class":138},[47,125598,117],{"class":61},[47,125600,125570],{"class":113},[47,125602,132],{"class":61},[20,125604,125605],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125607,125608],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[33,125610,125612],{"id":125611},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125614,125615],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125617,125618,125619,3530,125621,172],{},"Use either ",[15,125620,6916],{},[15,125622,4424],{},[38,125624,125626],{"className":40,"code":125625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125627,125628,125637,125646,125650,125661,125672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125629,125630,125633,125635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125631,125632],{"class":53},"empty1 ",[47,125634,58],{"class":57},[47,125636,8528],{"class":65},[47,125638,125639,125642,125644],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125640,125641],{"class":53},"empty2 ",[47,125643,58],{"class":57},[47,125645,47913],{"class":65},[47,125647,125648],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125649,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,125651,125652,125654,125656,125659],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,125653,139],{"class":138},[47,125655,117],{"class":61},[47,125657,125658],{"class":113},"empty1",[47,125660,132],{"class":61},[47,125662,125663,125665,125667,125670],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,125664,139],{"class":138},[47,125666,117],{"class":61},[47,125668,125669],{"class":113},"empty2",[47,125671,132],{"class":61},[47,125673,125674,125676,125678,125680,125682,125684],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,125675,139],{"class":138},[47,125677,117],{"class":61},[47,125679,2392],{"class":106},[47,125681,117],{"class":61},[47,125683,125658],{"class":113},[47,125685,2266],{"class":61},[20,125687,372],{},[38,125689,125690],{"className":40,"code":46187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,125691,125692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125693,125694,125696,125698,125700,125702,125704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125695,3941],{"class":57},[47,125697,3944],{"class":2714},[47,125699,398],{"class":65},[47,125701,4093],{"class":69},[47,125703,385],{"class":65},[47,125705,3953],{"class":57},[20,125707,125708],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[33,125710,125712],{"id":125711},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125714,125715],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125717,125718],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[38,125720,125722],{"className":40,"code":125721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125723,125724,125735,125740,125747,125751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125725,125726,125728,125730,125733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125727,90430],{"class":53},[47,125729,58],{"class":57},[47,125731,125732],{"class":65}," \"\"\"",[47,125734,89372],{"class":69},[47,125736,125737],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125738,125739],{"class":69},"Welcome to Python\n",[47,125741,125742,125745],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125743,125744],{"class":69},"Have a nice day",[47,125746,43752],{"class":65},[47,125748,125749],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,125750,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,125752,125753,125755,125757,125759],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,125754,139],{"class":138},[47,125756,117],{"class":61},[47,125758,90447],{"class":113},[47,125760,132],{"class":61},[20,125762,125763],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[38,125765,125767],{"className":40,"code":125766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125768,125769,125781,125786,125794,125798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125770,125771,125773,125775,125778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125772,90430],{"class":53},[47,125774,58],{"class":57},[47,125776,125777],{"class":65}," '''",[47,125779,125780],{"class":69},"Line 1\n",[47,125782,125783],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125784,125785],{"class":69},"Line 2\n",[47,125787,125788,125791],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125789,125790],{"class":69},"Line 3",[47,125792,125793],{"class":65},"'''\n",[47,125795,125796],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,125797,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,125799,125800,125802,125804,125806],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,125801,139],{"class":138},[47,125803,117],{"class":61},[47,125805,90447],{"class":113},[47,125807,132],{"class":61},[20,125809,125810],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125812,125813],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[33,125815,125817],{"id":125816},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125819,2628,125820,125822],{},[15,125821,48101],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125824,125825],{},"Example with a number:",[38,125827,125829],{"className":40,"code":125828,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125830,125831,125845,125855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839,125841,125843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125834,35096],{"class":53},[47,125836,58],{"class":57},[47,125838,49322],{"class":106},[47,125840,117],{"class":61},[47,125842,46943],{"class":349},[47,125844,132],{"class":61},[47,125846,125847,125849,125851,125853],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125848,139],{"class":138},[47,125850,117],{"class":61},[47,125852,35117],{"class":113},[47,125854,132],{"class":61},[47,125856,125857,125859,125861,125863,125865,125867],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125858,139],{"class":138},[47,125860,117],{"class":61},[47,125862,2392],{"class":106},[47,125864,117],{"class":61},[47,125866,35117],{"class":113},[47,125868,2266],{"class":61},[20,125870,372],{},[38,125872,125874],{"className":40,"code":125873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125875,125876,125880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125877,125878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125879,47029],{"class":349},[47,125881,125882,125884,125886,125888,125890,125892],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125883,3941],{"class":57},[47,125885,3944],{"class":2714},[47,125887,398],{"class":65},[47,125889,4093],{"class":69},[47,125891,385],{"class":65},[47,125893,3953],{"class":57},[20,125895,125896],{},"You can also convert other values:",[38,125898,125900],{"className":40,"code":125899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125901,125902,125916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125903,125904,125906,125908,125910,125912,125914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125905,139],{"class":138},[47,125907,117],{"class":61},[47,125909,4093],{"class":106},[47,125911,117],{"class":61},[47,125913,4255],{"class":559},[47,125915,2266],{"class":61},[47,125917,125918,125920,125922,125924,125926,125928],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125919,139],{"class":138},[47,125921,117],{"class":61},[47,125923,4093],{"class":106},[47,125925,117],{"class":61},[47,125927,40557],{"class":349},[47,125929,2266],{"class":61},[20,125931,125932],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[38,125934,125936],{"className":40,"code":125935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125937,125938,125946,125968,125972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125939,125940,125942,125944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125941,22030],{"class":53},[47,125943,58],{"class":57},[47,125945,45642],{"class":349},[47,125947,125948,125950,125952,125954,125956,125958,125960,125962,125964,125966],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,125949,90430],{"class":53},[47,125951,58],{"class":57},[47,125953,78],{"class":65},[47,125955,89848],{"class":69},[47,125957,66],{"class":65},[47,125959,3105],{"class":57},[47,125961,49322],{"class":106},[47,125963,117],{"class":61},[47,125965,81],{"class":113},[47,125967,132],{"class":61},[47,125969,125970],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,125971,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,125973,125974,125976,125978,125980],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,125975,139],{"class":138},[47,125977,117],{"class":61},[47,125979,90447],{"class":113},[47,125981,132],{"class":61},[20,125983,125984,125985,3530,125989,110],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[210,125986,4226,125987,4159],{"href":42590},[15,125988,48101],{},[210,125990,125991],{"href":123703},"how to convert int to string in Python",[33,125993,125995],{"id":125994},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125997,125998],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,126000,126001],{},"Both of these are valid:",[38,126003,126005],{"className":40,"code":126004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,126006,126007,126019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126008,126009,126011,126013,126015,126017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126010,3206],{"class":53},[47,126012,58],{"class":57},[47,126014,398],{"class":65},[47,126016,7942],{"class":69},[47,126018,30105],{"class":65},[47,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027,126029],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126022,3234],{"class":53},[47,126024,58],{"class":57},[47,126026,78],{"class":65},[47,126028,7942],{"class":69},[47,126030,689],{"class":65},[20,126032,126033],{},"A common rule is:",[174,126035,126036,126039,126042],{},[177,126037,126038],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[177,126040,126041],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[177,126043,126044],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,126046,603],{},[38,126048,126050],{"className":40,"code":126049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126051,126052,126066,126080,126084,126095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126053,126054,126057,126059,126061,126064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126055,126056],{"class":53},"text1 ",[47,126058,58],{"class":57},[47,126060,78],{"class":65},[47,126062,126063],{"class":69},"It's working",[47,126065,689],{"class":65},[47,126067,126068,126071,126073,126075,126078],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126069,126070],{"class":53},"text2 ",[47,126072,58],{"class":57},[47,126074,398],{"class":65},[47,126076,126077],{"class":69},"She said \"hello\"",[47,126079,30105],{"class":65},[47,126081,126082],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126083,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,126085,126086,126088,126090,126093],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,126087,139],{"class":138},[47,126089,117],{"class":61},[47,126091,126092],{"class":113},"text1",[47,126094,132],{"class":61},[47,126096,126097,126099,126101,126104],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,126098,139],{"class":138},[47,126100,117],{"class":61},[47,126102,126103],{"class":113},"text2",[47,126105,132],{"class":61},[20,126107,126108],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[33,126110,126112],{"id":126111},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,126114,126115],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,126117,126118],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[38,126120,126122],{"className":40,"code":126121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,126123,126124,126129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126125,126126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126127,126128],{"class":152},"# This will cause an error\n",[47,126130,126131],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126132,126133],{"class":152},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,126135,126136,126137,35739,126139,126142],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126138,385],{},[15,126140,126141],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126144,126145],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[38,126147,126149],{"className":40,"code":126148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126150,126151,126170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126152,126153,126155,126157,126159,126162,126165,126168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126154,35096],{"class":53},[47,126156,58],{"class":57},[47,126158,398],{"class":65},[47,126160,126161],{"class":69},"It",[47,126163,126164],{"class":34861},"\\'",[47,126166,126167],{"class":69},"s working",[47,126169,30105],{"class":65},[47,126171,126172,126174,126176,126178],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126173,139],{"class":138},[47,126175,117],{"class":61},[47,126177,35117],{"class":113},[47,126179,132],{"class":61},[20,126181,126182],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[38,126184,126186],{"className":40,"code":126185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126187,126188,126200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126189,126190,126192,126194,126196,126198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126191,35096],{"class":53},[47,126193,58],{"class":57},[47,126195,78],{"class":65},[47,126197,126063],{"class":69},[47,126199,689],{"class":65},[47,126201,126202,126204,126206,126208],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126203,139],{"class":138},[47,126205,117],{"class":61},[47,126207,35117],{"class":113},[47,126209,132],{"class":61},[20,126211,126212],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126214,126215,126216,110],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[210,126217,126219],{"href":126218},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[33,126221,1641],{"id":1640},[20,126223,126224],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[244,126226,90637],{"id":90636},[20,126228,126229],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[38,126231,126233],{"className":40,"code":126232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126234,126235,126239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126236,126237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126238,126128],{"class":152},[47,126240,126241],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126242,126243],{"class":152},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126245,126246,126247,9246,126250,126252],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126248,126249],{},"NameError",[15,126251,5647],{}," is not defined.",[20,126254,11443],{},[38,126256,126258],{"className":40,"code":126257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126259,126260,126272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126261,126262,126264,126266,126268,126270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126263,8523],{"class":53},[47,126265,58],{"class":57},[47,126267,78],{"class":65},[47,126269,5647],{"class":69},[47,126271,689],{"class":65},[47,126273,126274,126276,126278,126280],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126275,139],{"class":138},[47,126277,117],{"class":61},[47,126279,70],{"class":113},[47,126281,132],{"class":61},[244,126283,126285],{"id":126284},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126287,126288],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[38,126290,126292],{"className":40,"code":126291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126293,126294,126298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126295,126296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126297,126128],{"class":152},[47,126299,126300],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126301,126302],{"class":152},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126304,126305],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[38,126307,126309],{"className":40,"code":126308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126310,126311,126328,126341,126345,126355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126312,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126314,126056],{"class":53},[47,126316,58],{"class":57},[47,126318,398],{"class":65},[47,126320,126161],{"class":69},[47,126322,126164],{"class":34861},[47,126324,126325],{"class":69},"s good",[47,126327,30105],{"class":65},[47,126329,126330,126332,126334,126336,126339],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126331,126070],{"class":53},[47,126333,58],{"class":57},[47,126335,78],{"class":65},[47,126337,126338],{"class":69},"It's good",[47,126340,689],{"class":65},[47,126342,126343],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126344,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,126346,126347,126349,126351,126353],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,126348,139],{"class":138},[47,126350,117],{"class":61},[47,126352,126092],{"class":113},[47,126354,132],{"class":61},[47,126356,126357,126359,126361,126363],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,126358,139],{"class":138},[47,126360,117],{"class":61},[47,126362,126103],{"class":113},[47,126364,132],{"class":61},[244,126366,126368],{"id":126367},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126370,126371],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[38,126373,126375],{"className":40,"code":126374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126376,126377,126389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126378,126379,126381,126383,126385,126387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126380,35096],{"class":53},[47,126382,58],{"class":57},[47,126384,125732],{"class":65},[47,126386,4492],{"class":69},[47,126388,43752],{"class":65},[47,126390,126391,126393,126395,126397],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126392,139],{"class":138},[47,126394,117],{"class":61},[47,126396,35117],{"class":113},[47,126398,132],{"class":61},[20,126400,126401],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[38,126403,126405],{"className":40,"code":126404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126406,126407,126419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126408,126409,126411,126413,126415,126417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126410,35096],{"class":53},[47,126412,58],{"class":57},[47,126414,78],{"class":65},[47,126416,4492],{"class":69},[47,126418,689],{"class":65},[47,126420,126421,126423,126425,126427],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126422,139],{"class":138},[47,126424,117],{"class":61},[47,126426,35117],{"class":113},[47,126428,132],{"class":61},[244,126430,5223,126432,5036,126434,126436],{"id":126431},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126433,50664],{},[15,126435,50714],{}," are the same type",[20,126438,126439],{},"They are different:",[38,126441,126443],{"className":40,"code":126442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126444,126445,126454,126467,126471,126485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126446,126447,126450,126452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126448,126449],{"class":53},"value1 ",[47,126451,58],{"class":57},[47,126453,125460],{"class":349},[47,126455,126456,126459,126461,126463,126465],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126457,126458],{"class":53},"value2 ",[47,126460,58],{"class":57},[47,126462,78],{"class":65},[47,126464,50664],{"class":69},[47,126466,689],{"class":65},[47,126468,126469],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126470,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,126472,126473,126475,126477,126479,126481,126483],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,126474,139],{"class":138},[47,126476,117],{"class":61},[47,126478,2392],{"class":106},[47,126480,117],{"class":61},[47,126482,85193],{"class":113},[47,126484,2266],{"class":61},[47,126486,126487,126489,126491,126493,126495,126498],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,126488,139],{"class":138},[47,126490,117],{"class":61},[47,126492,2392],{"class":106},[47,126494,117],{"class":61},[47,126496,126497],{"class":113},"value2",[47,126499,2266],{"class":61},[20,126501,372],{},[38,126503,126505],{"className":40,"code":126504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126506,126507,126521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126508,126509,126511,126513,126515,126517,126519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126510,3941],{"class":57},[47,126512,3944],{"class":2714},[47,126514,398],{"class":65},[47,126516,2837],{"class":69},[47,126518,385],{"class":65},[47,126520,3953],{"class":57},[47,126522,126523,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126524,3941],{"class":57},[47,126526,3944],{"class":2714},[47,126528,398],{"class":65},[47,126530,4093],{"class":69},[47,126532,385],{"class":65},[47,126534,3953],{"class":57},[244,126536,126538],{"id":126537},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126540,126541],{},"This causes a type error:",[38,126543,126545],{"className":40,"code":126544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126546,126547,126551,126556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126548,126549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126550,126128],{"class":152},[47,126552,126553],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126554,126555],{"class":152},"# age = 10\n",[47,126557,126558],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126559,126560],{"class":152},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126562,126563,126564,172],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126565,48101],{},[38,126567,126569],{"className":40,"code":126568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126570,126571,126579,126601,126605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126572,126573,126575,126577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126574,22030],{"class":53},[47,126576,58],{"class":57},[47,126578,3239],{"class":349},[47,126580,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126582,90430],{"class":53},[47,126584,58],{"class":57},[47,126586,78],{"class":65},[47,126588,89848],{"class":69},[47,126590,66],{"class":65},[47,126592,3105],{"class":57},[47,126594,49322],{"class":106},[47,126596,117],{"class":61},[47,126598,81],{"class":113},[47,126600,132],{"class":61},[47,126602,126603],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126604,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,126606,126607,126609,126611,126613],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,126608,139],{"class":138},[47,126610,117],{"class":61},[47,126612,90447],{"class":113},[47,126614,132],{"class":61},[20,126616,126617,126618,110],{},"For this specific error, see ",[210,126619,90829],{"href":90828},[244,126621,61132],{"id":61131},[20,126623,126624],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[38,126626,126628],{"className":40,"code":126627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126629,126630,126642,126646,126656,126670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126631,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126633,35096],{"class":53},[47,126635,58],{"class":57},[47,126637,78],{"class":65},[47,126639,4492],{"class":69},[47,126641,689],{"class":65},[47,126643,126644],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126645,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,126647,126648,126650,126652,126654],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126649,139],{"class":138},[47,126651,117],{"class":61},[47,126653,35117],{"class":113},[47,126655,132],{"class":61},[47,126657,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,126659,139],{"class":138},[47,126661,117],{"class":61},[47,126663,2392],{"class":106},[47,126665,117],{"class":61},[47,126667,35117],{"class":113},[47,126669,2266],{"class":61},[47,126671,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680,126682],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,126673,139],{"class":138},[47,126675,117],{"class":61},[47,126677,42194],{"class":138},[47,126679,117],{"class":61},[47,126681,35117],{"class":113},[47,126683,2266],{"class":61},[174,126685,126686,126691,126696],{},[177,126687,126688,46695],{},[15,126689,126690],{},"print(text)",[177,126692,126693,46700],{},[15,126694,126695],{},"print(type(text))",[177,126697,126698,126701],{},[15,126699,126700],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[33,126703,2429],{"id":2428},[244,126705,126707],{"id":126706},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126709,126710,126711,3530,126714,110],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126712,126713],{},"'hello'",[15,126715,64957],{},[244,126717,126719],{"id":126718},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126721,126722],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[244,126724,126726],{"id":126725},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126728,156,126729,3530,126731,110],{},[15,126730,6916],{},[15,126732,4424],{},[244,126734,126736],{"id":126735},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126738,156,126739,126741,126742,126744,126745,110],{},[15,126740,48101],{},", like ",[15,126743,80803],{},", which returns ",[15,126746,42541],{},[244,126748,126750],{"id":126749},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126752,126753],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[33,126755,2526],{"id":2525},[174,126757,126758,126762,126768,126773,126782,126786],{},[177,126759,126760],{},[210,126761,125533],{"href":51394},[177,126763,126764],{},[210,126765,4226,126766,4159],{"href":42590},[15,126767,48101],{},[177,126769,126770],{},[210,126771,126772],{"href":123703},"How to convert int to string in Python",[177,126774,126775],{},[210,126776,126778,126779,1637],{"href":126777},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126780,126781],{},"format()",[177,126783,126784],{},[210,126785,126219],{"href":126218},[177,126787,126788],{},[210,126789,90829],{"href":90828},[2563,126791,126792],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":126794},[126795,126796,126797,126798,126799,126800,126801,126802,126803,126812,126819],{"id":15772,"depth":98,"text":15773},{"id":125372,"depth":98,"text":125373},{"id":125536,"depth":98,"text":125537},{"id":125611,"depth":98,"text":125612},{"id":125711,"depth":98,"text":125712},{"id":125816,"depth":98,"text":125817},{"id":125994,"depth":98,"text":125995},{"id":126111,"depth":98,"text":126112},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":126804},[126805,126806,126807,126808,126810,126811],{"id":90636,"depth":135,"text":90637},{"id":126284,"depth":135,"text":126285},{"id":126367,"depth":135,"text":126368},{"id":126431,"depth":135,"text":126809},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126537,"depth":135,"text":126538},{"id":61131,"depth":135,"text":61132},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":126813},[126814,126815,126816,126817,126818],{"id":126706,"depth":135,"text":126707},{"id":126718,"depth":135,"text":126719},{"id":126725,"depth":135,"text":126726},{"id":126735,"depth":135,"text":126736},{"id":126749,"depth":135,"text":126750},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125234,"description":126820},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126827,"title":126828,"body":126829,"description":128743,"extension":2611,"meta":128744,"navigation":357,"path":128745,"seo":128746,"stem":128747,"__hash__":128748},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126830,"toc":128704},[126831,126837,126842,126850,126852,126919,126921,126933,126942,126947,126951,126968,126970,127035,127037,127049,127054,127056,127084,127105,127108,127147,127149,127157,127161,127165,127169,127177,127180,127221,127223,127231,127234,127291,127293,127301,127305,127310,127354,127356,127364,127373,127377,127382,127430,127432,127440,127446,127448,127452,127464,127469,127548,127550,127570,127574,127578,127618,127620,127628,127632,127675,127677,127685,127689,127729,127731,127739,127743,127799,127801,127809,127815,127817,127821,127831,127898,127900,127913,127920,127963,127965,127973,127977,127980,128036,128038,128046,128049,128051,128128,128130,128138,128147,128149,128153,128157,128159,128181,128184,128231,128235,128274,128276,128284,128286,128328,128335,128340,128402,128404,128416,128422,128427,128476,128478,128497,128503,128505,128524,128526,128617,128619,128625,128632,128638,128644,128649,128658,128665,128673,128675,128701],[10,126832,123778,126834,18],{"id":126833},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126835,126836],{},"endswith()",[20,126838,123783,126839,126841],{},[15,126840,126836],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126843,126844,126845,3530,126847,126849],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126846,4255],{},[15,126848,4326],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[33,126851,36],{"id":35},[38,126853,126855],{"className":40,"code":126854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126856,126857,126871,126896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126858,126859,126862,126864,126866,126869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126860,126861],{"class":53},"filename ",[47,126863,58],{"class":57},[47,126865,78],{"class":65},[47,126867,126868],{"class":69},"report.csv",[47,126870,689],{"class":65},[47,126872,126873,126875,126877,126880,126882,126885,126887,126889,126892,126894],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126874,139],{"class":138},[47,126876,117],{"class":61},[47,126878,126879],{"class":113},"filename",[47,126881,110],{"class":61},[47,126883,126884],{"class":113},"endswith",[47,126886,117],{"class":61},[47,126888,66],{"class":65},[47,126890,126891],{"class":69},".csv",[47,126893,66],{"class":65},[47,126895,2266],{"class":61},[47,126897,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912,126915,126917],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126899,139],{"class":138},[47,126901,117],{"class":61},[47,126903,126879],{"class":113},[47,126905,110],{"class":61},[47,126907,126884],{"class":113},[47,126909,117],{"class":61},[47,126911,66],{"class":65},[47,126913,126914],{"class":69},".txt",[47,126916,66],{"class":65},[47,126918,2266],{"class":61},[20,126920,372],{},[38,126922,126923],{"className":40,"code":44590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126924,126925,126929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126926,126927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126928,4620],{"class":559},[47,126930,126931],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126932,4681],{"class":559},[20,126934,156,126935,6014,126937,3530,126939,126941],{},[15,126936,126836],{},[15,126938,4255],{},[15,126940,4326],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[33,126943,164,126945,167],{"id":126944},"what-endswith-does",[15,126946,126836],{},[20,126948,126949,172],{},[15,126950,126836],{},[174,126952,126953,126956,126962,126965],{},[177,126954,126955],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[177,126957,12057,126958,3530,126960],{},[15,126959,4255],{},[15,126961,4326],{},[177,126963,126964],{},"Does not change the original string",[177,126966,126967],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126969,603],{},[38,126971,126973],{"className":40,"code":126972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126974,126975,126987,126991,127013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126976,126977,126979,126981,126983,126985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126978,35096],{"class":53},[47,126980,58],{"class":57},[47,126982,78],{"class":65},[47,126984,60828],{"class":69},[47,126986,689],{"class":65},[47,126988,126989],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,126990,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,126992,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,126994,139],{"class":138},[47,126996,117],{"class":61},[47,126998,35117],{"class":113},[47,127000,110],{"class":61},[47,127002,126884],{"class":113},[47,127004,117],{"class":61},[47,127006,66],{"class":65},[47,127008,61013],{"class":69},[47,127010,66],{"class":65},[47,127012,2266],{"class":61},[47,127014,127015,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,127016,139],{"class":138},[47,127018,117],{"class":61},[47,127020,35117],{"class":113},[47,127022,110],{"class":61},[47,127024,126884],{"class":113},[47,127026,117],{"class":61},[47,127028,66],{"class":65},[47,127030,4492],{"class":69},[47,127032,66],{"class":65},[47,127034,2266],{"class":61},[20,127036,372],{},[38,127038,127039],{"className":40,"code":44590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127040,127041,127045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127042,127043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127044,4620],{"class":559},[47,127046,127047],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127048,4681],{"class":559},[20,127050,127051,127052,110],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[210,127053,125533],{"href":51394},[33,127055,2806],{"id":2805},[38,127057,127059],{"className":40,"code":127058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,127060,127061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127062,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127064,61596],{"class":53},[47,127066,110],{"class":61},[47,127068,126884],{"class":113},[47,127070,117],{"class":61},[47,127072,127073],{"class":113},"suffix",[47,127075,75],{"class":61},[47,127077,36462],{"class":113},[47,127079,75],{"class":61},[47,127081,65463],{"class":113},[47,127083,132],{"class":61},[174,127085,127086,127091,127098],{},[177,127087,127088,127090],{},[15,127089,127073],{}," is required",[177,127092,127093,5036,127095,127097],{},[15,127094,36483],{},[15,127096,53080],{}," are optional",[177,127099,127100,5036,127102,127104],{},[15,127101,36483],{},[15,127103,53080],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,127106,127107],{},"Basic example:",[38,127109,127111],{"className":40,"code":127110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127112,127113,127125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127114,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127116,126861],{"class":53},[47,127118,58],{"class":57},[47,127120,78],{"class":65},[47,127122,87318],{"class":69},[47,127124,689],{"class":65},[47,127126,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143,127145],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127128,139],{"class":138},[47,127130,117],{"class":61},[47,127132,126879],{"class":113},[47,127134,110],{"class":61},[47,127136,126884],{"class":113},[47,127138,117],{"class":61},[47,127140,66],{"class":65},[47,127142,126914],{"class":69},[47,127144,66],{"class":65},[47,127146,2266],{"class":61},[20,127148,372],{},[38,127150,127151],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127152,127153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127154,127155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127156,4620],{"class":559},[33,127158,127160],{"id":127159},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[244,127162,127163],{"id":127073},[15,127164,127073],{},[20,127166,127167,31156],{},[15,127168,127073],{},[174,127170,127171,127174],{},[177,127172,127173],{},"A single string",[177,127175,127176],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127178,127179],{},"Single suffix:",[38,127181,127183],{"className":40,"code":127182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127184,127185,127198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127186,127187,127189,127191,127193,127196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127188,8523],{"class":53},[47,127190,58],{"class":57},[47,127192,78],{"class":65},[47,127194,127195],{"class":69},"image.png",[47,127197,689],{"class":65},[47,127199,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127217,127219],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127201,139],{"class":138},[47,127203,117],{"class":61},[47,127205,70],{"class":113},[47,127207,110],{"class":61},[47,127209,126884],{"class":113},[47,127211,117],{"class":61},[47,127213,66],{"class":65},[47,127215,127216],{"class":69},".png",[47,127218,66],{"class":65},[47,127220,2266],{"class":61},[20,127222,372],{},[38,127224,127225],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127226,127227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127228,127229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127230,4620],{"class":559},[20,127232,127233],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[38,127235,127237],{"className":40,"code":127236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127238,127239,127251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127240,127241,127243,127245,127247,127249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127242,8523],{"class":53},[47,127244,58],{"class":57},[47,127246,78],{"class":65},[47,127248,127195],{"class":69},[47,127250,689],{"class":65},[47,127252,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127287,127289],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127254,139],{"class":138},[47,127256,117],{"class":61},[47,127258,70],{"class":113},[47,127260,110],{"class":61},[47,127262,126884],{"class":113},[47,127264,6155],{"class":61},[47,127266,66],{"class":65},[47,127268,127269],{"class":69},".jpg",[47,127271,66],{"class":65},[47,127273,75],{"class":61},[47,127275,78],{"class":65},[47,127277,127216],{"class":69},[47,127279,66],{"class":65},[47,127281,75],{"class":61},[47,127283,78],{"class":65},[47,127285,127286],{"class":69},".gif",[47,127288,66],{"class":65},[47,127290,2425],{"class":61},[20,127292,372],{},[38,127294,127295],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127296,127297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127298,127299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127300,4620],{"class":559},[244,127302,127303],{"id":36483},[15,127304,36483],{},[20,127306,127307,127309],{},[15,127308,36483],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[38,127311,127313],{"className":40,"code":127312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127314,127315,127328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127316,127317,127319,127321,127323,127326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127318,35096],{"class":53},[47,127320,58],{"class":57},[47,127322,78],{"class":65},[47,127324,127325],{"class":69},"my_report.csv",[47,127327,689],{"class":65},[47,127329,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127331,139],{"class":138},[47,127333,117],{"class":61},[47,127335,35117],{"class":113},[47,127337,110],{"class":61},[47,127339,126884],{"class":113},[47,127341,117],{"class":61},[47,127343,66],{"class":65},[47,127345,126891],{"class":69},[47,127347,66],{"class":65},[47,127349,75],{"class":61},[47,127351,2414],{"class":349},[47,127353,2266],{"class":61},[20,127355,372],{},[38,127357,127358],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127359,127360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127361,127362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127363,4620],{"class":559},[20,127365,127366,127367,127369,127370,110],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127368,2711],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127371,127372],{},"\"report.csv\"",[244,127374,127375],{"id":53080},[15,127376,53080],{},[20,127378,127379,127381],{},[15,127380,53080],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[38,127383,127385],{"className":40,"code":127384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127386,127387,127400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127388,127389,127391,127393,127395,127398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127390,35096],{"class":53},[47,127392,58],{"class":57},[47,127394,78],{"class":65},[47,127396,127397],{"class":69},"report.csv backup",[47,127399,689],{"class":65},[47,127401,127402,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127403,139],{"class":138},[47,127405,117],{"class":61},[47,127407,35117],{"class":113},[47,127409,110],{"class":61},[47,127411,126884],{"class":113},[47,127413,117],{"class":61},[47,127415,66],{"class":65},[47,127417,126891],{"class":69},[47,127419,66],{"class":65},[47,127421,75],{"class":61},[47,127423,350],{"class":349},[47,127425,75],{"class":61},[47,127427,6648],{"class":349},[47,127429,2266],{"class":61},[20,127431,372],{},[38,127433,127434],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127435,127436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127437,127438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127439,4620],{"class":559},[20,127441,127442,127443,127445],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127444,127372],{}," and ignores the rest.",[33,127447,273],{"id":272},[20,127449,127450,25912],{},[15,127451,126836],{},[174,127453,127454,127459],{},[177,127455,127456,127458],{},[15,127457,4255],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[177,127460,127461,127463],{},[15,127462,4326],{}," if it does not",[20,127465,127466,127467,7817],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127468,7642],{},[38,127470,127472],{"className":40,"code":127471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127473,127474,127487,127491,127512,127527,127533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127475,127476,127478,127480,127482,127485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127477,126861],{"class":53},[47,127479,58],{"class":57},[47,127481,78],{"class":65},[47,127483,127484],{"class":69},"data.csv",[47,127486,689],{"class":65},[47,127488,127489],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127490,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,127492,127493,127495,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,127494,7642],{"class":1107},[47,127496,127497],{"class":53}," filename",[47,127499,110],{"class":61},[47,127501,126884],{"class":113},[47,127503,117],{"class":61},[47,127505,66],{"class":65},[47,127507,126891],{"class":69},[47,127509,66],{"class":65},[47,127511,8988],{"class":61},[47,127513,127514,127516,127518,127520,127523,127525],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,127515,8715],{"class":138},[47,127517,117],{"class":61},[47,127519,66],{"class":65},[47,127521,127522],{"class":69},"This is a CSV file.",[47,127524,66],{"class":65},[47,127526,132],{"class":61},[47,127528,127529,127531],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,127530,27838],{"class":1107},[47,127532,7038],{"class":61},[47,127534,127535,127537,127539,127541,127544,127546],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,127536,8715],{"class":138},[47,127538,117],{"class":61},[47,127540,66],{"class":65},[47,127542,127543],{"class":69},"This is not a CSV file.",[47,127545,66],{"class":65},[47,127547,132],{"class":61},[20,127549,372],{},[38,127551,127553],{"className":40,"code":127552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127554,127555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127556,127557,127559,127561,127563,127566,127568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127558,50297],{"class":53},[47,127560,12822],{"class":57},[47,127562,44961],{"class":53},[47,127564,127565],{"class":34861},"CSV",[47,127567,87059],{"class":87058},[47,127569,122810],{"class":61},[33,127571,127573],{"id":127572},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[244,127575,127577],{"id":127576},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[38,127579,127581],{"className":40,"code":127580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127582,127583,127596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127584,127585,127587,127589,127591,127594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127586,126861],{"class":53},[47,127588,58],{"class":57},[47,127590,78],{"class":65},[47,127592,127593],{"class":69},"sales.csv",[47,127595,689],{"class":65},[47,127597,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127599,139],{"class":138},[47,127601,117],{"class":61},[47,127603,126879],{"class":113},[47,127605,110],{"class":61},[47,127607,126884],{"class":113},[47,127609,117],{"class":61},[47,127611,66],{"class":65},[47,127613,126891],{"class":69},[47,127615,66],{"class":65},[47,127617,2266],{"class":61},[20,127619,372],{},[38,127621,127622],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127623,127624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127625,127626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127627,4620],{"class":559},[244,127629,127631],{"id":127630},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[38,127633,127635],{"className":40,"code":127634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127636,127637,127651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127638,127639,127642,127644,127646,127649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127640,127641],{"class":53},"url ",[47,127643,58],{"class":57},[47,127645,78],{"class":65},[47,127647,127648],{"class":69},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[47,127650,689],{"class":65},[47,127652,127653,127655,127657,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127671,127673],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127654,139],{"class":138},[47,127656,117],{"class":61},[47,127658,127659],{"class":113},"url",[47,127661,110],{"class":61},[47,127663,126884],{"class":113},[47,127665,117],{"class":61},[47,127667,66],{"class":65},[47,127669,127670],{"class":69},"\u002F",[47,127672,66],{"class":65},[47,127674,2266],{"class":61},[20,127676,372],{},[38,127678,127679],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127680,127681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127682,127683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127684,4620],{"class":559},[244,127686,127688],{"id":127687},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[38,127690,127692],{"className":40,"code":127691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127693,127694,127707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127695,127696,127698,127700,127702,127705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127697,90430],{"class":53},[47,127699,58],{"class":57},[47,127701,78],{"class":65},[47,127703,127704],{"class":69},"Hello!",[47,127706,689],{"class":65},[47,127708,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127710,139],{"class":138},[47,127712,117],{"class":61},[47,127714,90447],{"class":113},[47,127716,110],{"class":61},[47,127718,126884],{"class":113},[47,127720,117],{"class":61},[47,127722,66],{"class":65},[47,127724,90271],{"class":69},[47,127726,66],{"class":65},[47,127728,2266],{"class":61},[20,127730,372],{},[38,127732,127733],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127734,127735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127736,127737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127738,4620],{"class":559},[244,127740,127742],{"id":127741},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[38,127744,127746],{"className":40,"code":127745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127747,127748,127761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127751,126861],{"class":53},[47,127753,58],{"class":57},[47,127755,78],{"class":65},[47,127757,127758],{"class":69},"photo.jpg",[47,127760,689],{"class":65},[47,127762,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127764,139],{"class":138},[47,127766,117],{"class":61},[47,127768,126879],{"class":113},[47,127770,110],{"class":61},[47,127772,126884],{"class":113},[47,127774,6155],{"class":61},[47,127776,66],{"class":65},[47,127778,127269],{"class":69},[47,127780,66],{"class":65},[47,127782,75],{"class":61},[47,127784,78],{"class":65},[47,127786,127216],{"class":69},[47,127788,66],{"class":65},[47,127790,75],{"class":61},[47,127792,78],{"class":65},[47,127794,127286],{"class":69},[47,127796,66],{"class":65},[47,127798,2425],{"class":61},[20,127800,372],{},[38,127802,127803],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127804,127805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127806,127807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127808,4620],{"class":559},[20,127810,127811,127812,110],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[210,127813,127814],{"href":124033},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,127816,124425],{"id":124424},[20,127818,127819,124236],{},[15,127820,126836],{},[20,127822,127823,127824,5036,127827,127830],{},"That means ",[15,127825,127826],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127828,127829],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[38,127832,127834],{"className":40,"code":127833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127835,127836,127849,127853,127875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127837,127838,127840,127842,127844,127847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127839,126861],{"class":53},[47,127841,58],{"class":57},[47,127843,78],{"class":65},[47,127845,127846],{"class":69},"REPORT.CSV",[47,127848,689],{"class":65},[47,127850,127851],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127852,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,127854,127855,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,127856,139],{"class":138},[47,127858,117],{"class":61},[47,127860,126879],{"class":113},[47,127862,110],{"class":61},[47,127864,126884],{"class":113},[47,127866,117],{"class":61},[47,127868,66],{"class":65},[47,127870,126891],{"class":69},[47,127872,66],{"class":65},[47,127874,2266],{"class":61},[47,127876,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127894,127896],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,127878,139],{"class":138},[47,127880,117],{"class":61},[47,127882,126879],{"class":113},[47,127884,110],{"class":61},[47,127886,126884],{"class":113},[47,127888,117],{"class":61},[47,127890,66],{"class":65},[47,127892,127893],{"class":69},".CSV",[47,127895,66],{"class":65},[47,127897,2266],{"class":61},[20,127899,372],{},[38,127901,127903],{"className":40,"code":127902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127904,127905,127909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127906,127907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127908,4681],{"class":559},[47,127910,127911],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127912,4620],{"class":559},[20,127914,127915,127916,110],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[210,127917,127918],{"href":124505},[15,127919,124508],{},[38,127921,127923],{"className":40,"code":127922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127924,127925,127937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127926,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127928,126861],{"class":53},[47,127930,58],{"class":57},[47,127932,78],{"class":65},[47,127934,127846],{"class":69},[47,127936,689],{"class":65},[47,127938,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,127940,139],{"class":138},[47,127942,117],{"class":61},[47,127944,126879],{"class":113},[47,127946,110],{"class":61},[47,127948,9285],{"class":113},[47,127950,9282],{"class":61},[47,127952,126884],{"class":113},[47,127954,117],{"class":61},[47,127956,66],{"class":65},[47,127958,126891],{"class":69},[47,127960,66],{"class":65},[47,127962,2266],{"class":61},[20,127964,372],{},[38,127966,127967],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127968,127969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127970,127971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127972,4620],{"class":559},[33,127974,127976],{"id":127975},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127978,127979],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[38,127981,127983],{"className":40,"code":127982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127984,127985,127998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127986,127987,127989,127991,127993,127996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127988,126861],{"class":53},[47,127990,58],{"class":57},[47,127992,78],{"class":65},[47,127994,127995],{"class":69},"picture.gif",[47,127997,689],{"class":65},[47,127999,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128034],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128001,139],{"class":138},[47,128003,117],{"class":61},[47,128005,126879],{"class":113},[47,128007,110],{"class":61},[47,128009,126884],{"class":113},[47,128011,6155],{"class":61},[47,128013,66],{"class":65},[47,128015,127269],{"class":69},[47,128017,66],{"class":65},[47,128019,75],{"class":61},[47,128021,78],{"class":65},[47,128023,127216],{"class":69},[47,128025,66],{"class":65},[47,128027,75],{"class":61},[47,128029,78],{"class":65},[47,128031,127286],{"class":69},[47,128033,66],{"class":65},[47,128035,2425],{"class":61},[20,128037,372],{},[38,128039,128040],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128041,128042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128043,128044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128045,4620],{"class":559},[20,128047,128048],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,128050,52499],{},[38,128052,128054],{"className":40,"code":128053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,128055,128056,128069,128104,128108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128057,128058,128061,128063,128065,128067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128059,128060],{"class":53},"document ",[47,128062,58],{"class":57},[47,128064,78],{"class":65},[47,128066,87318],{"class":69},[47,128068,689],{"class":65},[47,128070,128071,128074,128076,128078,128080,128082,128084,128086,128088,128091,128093,128095,128097,128100,128102],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128072,128073],{"class":53},"allowed ",[47,128075,58],{"class":57},[47,128077,9878],{"class":61},[47,128079,66],{"class":65},[47,128081,126914],{"class":69},[47,128083,66],{"class":65},[47,128085,75],{"class":61},[47,128087,78],{"class":65},[47,128089,128090],{"class":69},".md",[47,128092,66],{"class":65},[47,128094,75],{"class":61},[47,128096,78],{"class":65},[47,128098,128099],{"class":69},".docx",[47,128101,66],{"class":65},[47,128103,132],{"class":61},[47,128105,128106],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,128107,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,128109,128110,128112,128114,128117,128119,128121,128123,128126],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,128111,139],{"class":138},[47,128113,117],{"class":61},[47,128115,128116],{"class":113},"document",[47,128118,110],{"class":61},[47,128120,126884],{"class":113},[47,128122,117],{"class":61},[47,128124,128125],{"class":113},"allowed",[47,128127,2266],{"class":61},[20,128129,372],{},[38,128131,128132],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128133,128134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128135,128136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128137,4620],{"class":559},[20,128139,128140,128141,110],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[210,128142,126778,128144,1637],{"href":128143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128145,128146],{},"startswith()",[33,128148,1641],{"id":1640},[20,128150,9092,128151,110],{},[15,128152,126836],{},[244,128154,128156],{"id":128155},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128158,5169],{},[38,128160,128162],{"className":40,"code":128161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128163,128164,128176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128165,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128167,126861],{"class":53},[47,128169,58],{"class":57},[47,128171,78],{"class":65},[47,128173,127758],{"class":69},[47,128175,689],{"class":65},[47,128177,128178],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128179,128180],{"class":152},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128182,128183],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[38,128185,128187],{"className":40,"code":128186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128188,128189,128201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128190,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128192,126861],{"class":53},[47,128194,58],{"class":57},[47,128196,78],{"class":65},[47,128198,127758],{"class":69},[47,128200,689],{"class":65},[47,128202,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128204,139],{"class":138},[47,128206,117],{"class":61},[47,128208,126879],{"class":113},[47,128210,110],{"class":61},[47,128212,126884],{"class":113},[47,128214,6155],{"class":61},[47,128216,66],{"class":65},[47,128218,127269],{"class":69},[47,128220,66],{"class":65},[47,128222,75],{"class":61},[47,128224,78],{"class":65},[47,128226,127216],{"class":69},[47,128228,66],{"class":65},[47,128230,2425],{"class":61},[244,128232,128234],{"id":128233},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[38,128236,128238],{"className":40,"code":128237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128239,128240,128252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128241,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128243,126861],{"class":53},[47,128245,58],{"class":57},[47,128247,78],{"class":65},[47,128249,127846],{"class":69},[47,128251,689],{"class":65},[47,128253,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128255,139],{"class":138},[47,128257,117],{"class":61},[47,128259,126879],{"class":113},[47,128261,110],{"class":61},[47,128263,126884],{"class":113},[47,128265,117],{"class":61},[47,128267,66],{"class":65},[47,128269,126891],{"class":69},[47,128271,66],{"class":65},[47,128273,2266],{"class":61},[20,128275,372],{},[38,128277,128278],{"className":40,"code":4681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128279,128280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128281,128282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128283,4681],{"class":559},[20,128285,39675],{},[38,128287,128288],{"className":40,"code":127922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128289,128290,128302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128291,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128293,126861],{"class":53},[47,128295,58],{"class":57},[47,128297,78],{"class":65},[47,128299,127846],{"class":69},[47,128301,689],{"class":65},[47,128303,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324,128326],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128305,139],{"class":138},[47,128307,117],{"class":61},[47,128309,126879],{"class":113},[47,128311,110],{"class":61},[47,128313,9285],{"class":113},[47,128315,9282],{"class":61},[47,128317,126884],{"class":113},[47,128319,117],{"class":61},[47,128321,66],{"class":65},[47,128323,126891],{"class":69},[47,128325,66],{"class":65},[47,128327,2266],{"class":61},[244,128329,37616,128331,9350,128333],{"id":128330},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128332,126836],{},[15,128334,1114],{},[20,128336,128337,128339],{},[15,128338,126836],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[38,128341,128343],{"className":40,"code":128342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128344,128345,128358,128362,128384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128346,128347,128349,128351,128353,128356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128348,35096],{"class":53},[47,128350,58],{"class":57},[47,128352,78],{"class":65},[47,128354,128355],{"class":69},"my_report.csv.backup",[47,128357,689],{"class":65},[47,128359,128360],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128361,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,128363,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,128365,139],{"class":138},[47,128367,117],{"class":61},[47,128369,35117],{"class":113},[47,128371,110],{"class":61},[47,128373,126884],{"class":113},[47,128375,117],{"class":61},[47,128377,66],{"class":65},[47,128379,126891],{"class":69},[47,128381,66],{"class":65},[47,128383,2266],{"class":61},[47,128385,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,128387,139],{"class":138},[47,128389,117],{"class":61},[47,128391,66],{"class":65},[47,128393,126891],{"class":69},[47,128395,66],{"class":65},[47,128397,21575],{"class":1107},[47,128399,43257],{"class":113},[47,128401,132],{"class":61},[20,128403,372],{},[38,128405,128406],{"className":40,"code":127902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128407,128408,128412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128409,128410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128411,4681],{"class":559},[47,128413,128414],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128415,4620],{"class":559},[244,128417,1968,128419,128421],{"id":128418},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128420,126836],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128423,128424,128426],{},[15,128425,126836],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[38,128428,128430],{"className":40,"code":128429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128431,128432,128444,128466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128433,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128435,126861],{"class":53},[47,128437,58],{"class":57},[47,128439,78],{"class":65},[47,128441,126868],{"class":69},[47,128443,689],{"class":65},[47,128445,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128447,139],{"class":138},[47,128449,117],{"class":61},[47,128451,126879],{"class":113},[47,128453,110],{"class":61},[47,128455,126884],{"class":113},[47,128457,117],{"class":61},[47,128459,66],{"class":65},[47,128461,126891],{"class":69},[47,128463,66],{"class":65},[47,128465,2266],{"class":61},[47,128467,128468,128470,128472,128474],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,128469,139],{"class":138},[47,128471,117],{"class":61},[47,128473,126879],{"class":113},[47,128475,132],{"class":61},[20,128477,372],{},[38,128479,128481],{"className":40,"code":128480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128482,128483,128487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128484,128485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128486,4620],{"class":559},[47,128488,128489,128492,128494],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128490,128491],{"class":53},"report",[47,128493,110],{"class":61},[47,128495,128496],{"class":25153},"csv\n",[20,128498,128499,128500,110],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[210,128501,128502],{"href":124946},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128504,66486],{},[174,128506,128507,128510,128513,128516],{},[177,128508,128509],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[177,128511,128512],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[177,128514,128515],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[177,128517,453,128518,45046,128520,3530,128522,111975],{},[15,128519,126836],{},[15,128521,124949],{},[15,128523,42068],{},[20,128525,30541],{},[38,128527,128529],{"className":40,"code":128528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128530,128531,128541,128555,128577,128603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128532,128533,128535,128537,128539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128534,139],{"class":138},[47,128536,117],{"class":61},[47,128538,35117],{"class":113},[47,128540,132],{"class":61},[47,128542,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128544,139],{"class":138},[47,128546,117],{"class":61},[47,128548,42194],{"class":138},[47,128550,117],{"class":61},[47,128552,35117],{"class":113},[47,128554,2266],{"class":61},[47,128556,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,128558,139],{"class":138},[47,128560,117],{"class":61},[47,128562,35117],{"class":113},[47,128564,110],{"class":61},[47,128566,126884],{"class":113},[47,128568,117],{"class":61},[47,128570,385],{"class":65},[47,128572,126891],{"class":69},[47,128574,385],{"class":65},[47,128576,2266],{"class":61},[47,128578,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,128580,139],{"class":138},[47,128582,117],{"class":61},[47,128584,35117],{"class":113},[47,128586,110],{"class":61},[47,128588,9285],{"class":113},[47,128590,9282],{"class":61},[47,128592,126884],{"class":113},[47,128594,117],{"class":61},[47,128596,385],{"class":65},[47,128598,126891],{"class":69},[47,128600,385],{"class":65},[47,128602,2266],{"class":61},[47,128604,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,128606,139],{"class":138},[47,128608,117],{"class":61},[47,128610,2392],{"class":106},[47,128612,117],{"class":61},[47,128614,35117],{"class":113},[47,128616,2266],{"class":61},[33,128618,2429],{"id":2428},[244,128620,2433,128622,128624],{"id":128621},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128623,126836],{}," change the string?",[20,128626,128627,128628,3530,128630,110],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128629,4255],{},[15,128631,4326],{},[244,128633,5813,128635,128637],{"id":128634},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128636,126836],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128639,128640,128641,110],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128642,128643],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[244,128645,15516,128647,125114],{"id":128646},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128648,126836],{},[20,128650,128651,128652,3530,128654,128657],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128653,124508],{},[15,128655,128656],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[244,128659,5823,128661,5036,128663,3143],{"id":128660},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128662,126836],{},[15,128664,124773],{},[20,128666,128667,128669,128670,128672],{},[15,128668,126836],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128671,124773],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[33,128674,2526],{"id":2525},[174,128676,128677,128683,128689,128693,128697],{},[177,128678,128679],{},[210,128680,126778,128681,1637],{"href":128143},[15,128682,128146],{},[177,128684,128685],{},[210,128686,126778,128687,1637],{"href":124505},[15,128688,124508],{},[177,128690,128691],{},[210,128692,125177],{"href":124033},[177,128694,128695],{},[210,128696,125184],{"href":124946},[177,128698,128699],{},[210,128700,125533],{"href":51394},[2563,128702,128703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":128705},[128706,128707,128709,128710,128715,128716,128722,128723,128724,128732,128742],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":126944,"depth":98,"text":128708},"What endswith() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":127159,"depth":98,"text":127160,"children":128711},[128712,128713,128714],{"id":127073,"depth":135,"text":127073},{"id":36483,"depth":135,"text":36483},{"id":53080,"depth":135,"text":53080},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":127572,"depth":98,"text":127573,"children":128717},[128718,128719,128720,128721],{"id":127576,"depth":135,"text":127577},{"id":127630,"depth":135,"text":127631},{"id":127687,"depth":135,"text":127688},{"id":127741,"depth":135,"text":127742},{"id":124424,"depth":98,"text":124425},{"id":127975,"depth":98,"text":127976},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":128725},[128726,128727,128728,128730],{"id":128155,"depth":135,"text":128156},{"id":128233,"depth":135,"text":128234},{"id":128330,"depth":135,"text":128729},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128418,"depth":135,"text":128731},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":128733},[128734,128736,128738,128740],{"id":128621,"depth":135,"text":128735},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128634,"depth":135,"text":128737},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128646,"depth":135,"text":128739},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128660,"depth":135,"text":128741},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126828,"description":128743},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128750,"title":128751,"body":128752,"description":130420,"extension":2611,"meta":130421,"navigation":357,"path":130422,"seo":130423,"stem":130424,"__hash__":130425},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128753,"toc":130393},[128754,128759,128764,128769,128774,128867,128877,128882,128887,128902,128904,128986,128994,128996,128998,129025,129027,129043,129050,129052,129160,129162,129167,129183,129185,129280,129288,129291,129297,129302,129307,129314,129453,129456,129469,129471,129475,129482,129552,129555,129604,129611,129618,129632,129637,129642,129688,129734,129750,129752,129757,129771,129774,129896,129901,129903,129908,129941,129944,130020,130022,130031,130045,130048,130132,130135,130246,130249,130277,130279,130286,130290,130296,130299,130305,130308,130315,130326,130332,130339,130341,130390],[10,128755,123778,128757,18],{"id":128756},"python-string-find-method",[15,128758,124773],{},[20,128760,123783,128761,128763],{},[15,128762,124773],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128765,128766,128767,110],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128768,66277],{},[20,128770,156,128771,128773],{},[15,128772,124773],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[38,128775,128777],{"className":40,"code":128776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128778,128779,128791,128814,128827,128831,128854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128780,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128782,35096],{"class":53},[47,128784,58],{"class":57},[47,128786,78],{"class":65},[47,128788,60828],{"class":69},[47,128790,689],{"class":65},[47,128792,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128794,65342],{"class":53},[47,128796,58],{"class":57},[47,128798,43257],{"class":53},[47,128800,110],{"class":61},[47,128802,128803],{"class":113},"find",[47,128805,117],{"class":61},[47,128807,66],{"class":65},[47,128809,61013],{"class":69},[47,128811,66],{"class":65},[47,128813,132],{"class":61},[47,128815,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,128817,139],{"class":138},[47,128819,117],{"class":61},[47,128821,65369],{"class":113},[47,128823,4313],{"class":61},[47,128825,128826],{"class":152},"   # 6\n",[47,128828,128829],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,128830,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,128832,128833,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,128834,128835],{"class":53},"missing ",[47,128837,58],{"class":57},[47,128839,43257],{"class":53},[47,128841,110],{"class":61},[47,128843,128803],{"class":113},[47,128845,117],{"class":61},[47,128847,66],{"class":65},[47,128849,42],{"class":69},[47,128851,66],{"class":65},[47,128853,132],{"class":61},[47,128855,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,128857,139],{"class":138},[47,128859,117],{"class":61},[47,128861,27177],{"class":113},[47,128863,4313],{"class":61},[47,128865,128866],{"class":152},"    # -1\n",[43996,128868,128869],{},[20,128870,156,128871,128873,128874,128876],{},[15,128872,124773],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128875,66277],{}," if the substring is not found.",[33,128878,164,128880,167],{"id":128879},"what-find-does",[15,128881,124773],{},[20,128883,128884,128886],{},[15,128885,124773],{}," is a string method that:",[174,128888,128889,128892,128895,128900],{},[177,128890,128891],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[177,128893,128894],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[177,128896,12057,128897,128899],{},[15,128898,66277],{}," if no match is found",[177,128901,126964],{},[20,128903,603],{},[38,128905,128907],{"className":40,"code":128906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128908,128909,128921,128925,128949,128973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128910,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128912,35096],{"class":53},[47,128914,58],{"class":57},[47,128916,78],{"class":65},[47,128918,4729],{"class":69},[47,128920,689],{"class":65},[47,128922,128923],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,128924,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,128926,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,128928,139],{"class":138},[47,128930,117],{"class":61},[47,128932,35117],{"class":113},[47,128934,110],{"class":61},[47,128936,128803],{"class":113},[47,128938,117],{"class":61},[47,128940,66],{"class":65},[47,128942,123871],{"class":69},[47,128944,66],{"class":65},[47,128946,6006],{"class":61},[47,128948,58066],{"class":152},[47,128950,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,128952,139],{"class":138},[47,128954,117],{"class":61},[47,128956,35117],{"class":113},[47,128958,110],{"class":61},[47,128960,128803],{"class":113},[47,128962,117],{"class":61},[47,128964,66],{"class":65},[47,128966,1995],{"class":69},[47,128968,66],{"class":65},[47,128970,6006],{"class":61},[47,128972,128866],{"class":152},[47,128974,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,128976,139],{"class":138},[47,128978,117],{"class":61},[47,128980,35117],{"class":113},[47,128982,4313],{"class":61},[47,128984,128985],{"class":152},"              # banana\n",[20,128987,21172,128988,128991,128992,110],{},[15,128989,128990],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128993,2705],{},[33,128995,2806],{"id":2805},[20,128997,2809],{},[38,128999,129001],{"className":40,"code":129000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,129002,129003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129004,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129006,61596],{"class":53},[47,129008,110],{"class":61},[47,129010,128803],{"class":113},[47,129012,117],{"class":61},[47,129014,259],{"class":113},[47,129016,75],{"class":61},[47,129018,36462],{"class":113},[47,129020,75],{"class":61},[47,129022,65463],{"class":113},[47,129024,132],{"class":61},[244,129026,247],{"id":246},[174,129028,129029,129033,129038],{},[177,129030,129031,123970],{},[15,129032,259],{},[177,129034,129035,129037],{},[15,129036,36483],{},": optional starting position",[177,129039,129040,129042],{},[15,129041,53080],{},": optional ending position",[20,129044,129045,5036,129047,129049],{},[15,129046,36483],{},[15,129048,53080],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,129051,127107],{},[38,129053,129055],{"className":40,"code":129054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,129056,129057,129069,129073,129098,129127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129058,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129060,35096],{"class":53},[47,129062,58],{"class":57},[47,129064,78],{"class":65},[47,129066,60828],{"class":69},[47,129068,689],{"class":65},[47,129070,129071],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129072,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129074,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129076,139],{"class":138},[47,129078,117],{"class":61},[47,129080,35117],{"class":113},[47,129082,110],{"class":61},[47,129084,128803],{"class":113},[47,129086,117],{"class":61},[47,129088,66],{"class":65},[47,129090,60895],{"class":69},[47,129092,66],{"class":65},[47,129094,6006],{"class":61},[47,129096,129097],{"class":152},"        # 4\n",[47,129099,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,129101,139],{"class":138},[47,129103,117],{"class":61},[47,129105,35117],{"class":113},[47,129107,110],{"class":61},[47,129109,128803],{"class":113},[47,129111,117],{"class":61},[47,129113,66],{"class":65},[47,129115,60895],{"class":69},[47,129117,66],{"class":65},[47,129119,75],{"class":61},[47,129121,5249],{"class":349},[47,129123,6006],{"class":61},[47,129125,129126],{"class":152},"     # 7\n",[47,129128,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,129130,139],{"class":138},[47,129132,117],{"class":61},[47,129134,35117],{"class":113},[47,129136,110],{"class":61},[47,129138,128803],{"class":113},[47,129140,117],{"class":61},[47,129142,66],{"class":65},[47,129144,60895],{"class":69},[47,129146,66],{"class":65},[47,129148,75],{"class":61},[47,129150,5249],{"class":349},[47,129152,75],{"class":61},[47,129154,6637],{"class":349},[47,129156,6006],{"class":61},[47,129158,129159],{"class":152},"  # -1\n",[33,129161,38433],{"id":38432},[20,129163,57965,129164,129166],{},[15,129165,124773],{}," is always an integer.",[174,129168,129169,129175,129178],{},[177,129170,129171,129172,129174],{},"A number ",[15,129173,436],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[177,129176,129177],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[177,129179,129180,129182],{},[15,129181,66277],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129184,603],{},[38,129186,129188],{"className":40,"code":129187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129189,129190,129202,129206,129231,129256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129191,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129193,35096],{"class":53},[47,129195,58],{"class":57},[47,129197,78],{"class":65},[47,129199,42],{"class":69},[47,129201,689],{"class":65},[47,129203,129204],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129205,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129207,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129225,129227,129229],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129209,139],{"class":138},[47,129211,117],{"class":61},[47,129213,35117],{"class":113},[47,129215,110],{"class":61},[47,129217,128803],{"class":113},[47,129219,117],{"class":61},[47,129221,66],{"class":65},[47,129223,129224],{"class":69},"py",[47,129226,66],{"class":65},[47,129228,6006],{"class":61},[47,129230,21169],{"class":152},[47,129232,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247,129250,129252,129254],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,129234,139],{"class":138},[47,129236,117],{"class":61},[47,129238,35117],{"class":113},[47,129240,110],{"class":61},[47,129242,128803],{"class":113},[47,129244,117],{"class":61},[47,129246,66],{"class":65},[47,129248,129249],{"class":69},"th",[47,129251,66],{"class":65},[47,129253,6006],{"class":61},[47,129255,58066],{"class":152},[47,129257,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,129259,139],{"class":138},[47,129261,117],{"class":61},[47,129263,35117],{"class":113},[47,129265,110],{"class":61},[47,129267,128803],{"class":113},[47,129269,117],{"class":61},[47,129271,66],{"class":65},[47,129273,22479],{"class":69},[47,129275,66],{"class":65},[47,129277,6006],{"class":61},[47,129279,128866],{"class":152},[20,129281,90333,129282,9100,129284,3530,129286,110],{},[15,129283,124773],{},[15,129285,4255],{},[15,129287,4326],{},[20,129289,129290],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[33,129292,453,129293,5036,129295],{"id":65829},[15,129294,36483],{},[15,129296,53080],{},[20,129298,156,129299,129301],{},[15,129300,36483],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129303,156,129304,129306],{},[15,129305,53080],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129308,2628,129309,75885,129311,129313],{},[15,129310,53080],{},[278,129312,65492],{}," in the search.",[38,129315,129317],{"className":40,"code":129316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129318,129319,129332,129336,129360,129389,129421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129320,129321,129323,129325,129327,129330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129322,35096],{"class":53},[47,129324,58],{"class":57},[47,129326,78],{"class":65},[47,129328,129329],{"class":69},"one two three two",[47,129331,689],{"class":65},[47,129333,129334],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129335,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129337,129338,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348,129350,129352,129354,129356,129358],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129339,139],{"class":138},[47,129341,117],{"class":61},[47,129343,35117],{"class":113},[47,129345,110],{"class":61},[47,129347,128803],{"class":113},[47,129349,117],{"class":61},[47,129351,66],{"class":65},[47,129353,79694],{"class":69},[47,129355,66],{"class":65},[47,129357,6006],{"class":61},[47,129359,129097],{"class":152},[47,129361,129362,129364,129366,129368,129370,129372,129374,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,129363,139],{"class":138},[47,129365,117],{"class":61},[47,129367,35117],{"class":113},[47,129369,110],{"class":61},[47,129371,128803],{"class":113},[47,129373,117],{"class":61},[47,129375,66],{"class":65},[47,129377,79694],{"class":69},[47,129379,66],{"class":65},[47,129381,75],{"class":61},[47,129383,5249],{"class":349},[47,129385,6006],{"class":61},[47,129387,129388],{"class":152},"     # 14\n",[47,129390,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,129392,139],{"class":138},[47,129394,117],{"class":61},[47,129396,35117],{"class":113},[47,129398,110],{"class":61},[47,129400,128803],{"class":113},[47,129402,117],{"class":61},[47,129404,66],{"class":65},[47,129406,79694],{"class":69},[47,129408,66],{"class":65},[47,129410,75],{"class":61},[47,129412,350],{"class":349},[47,129414,75],{"class":61},[47,129416,6637],{"class":349},[47,129418,6006],{"class":61},[47,129420,51354],{"class":152},[47,129422,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,129424,139],{"class":138},[47,129426,117],{"class":61},[47,129428,35117],{"class":113},[47,129430,110],{"class":61},[47,129432,128803],{"class":113},[47,129434,117],{"class":61},[47,129436,66],{"class":65},[47,129438,79694],{"class":69},[47,129440,66],{"class":65},[47,129442,75],{"class":61},[47,129444,350],{"class":349},[47,129446,75],{"class":61},[47,129448,3108],{"class":349},[47,129450,6006],{"class":61},[47,129452,129159],{"class":152},[20,129454,129455],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129457,129458,129459,55489,129463,110],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[210,129460,129462],{"href":129461},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[210,129464,129466,129468],{"href":129465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129467,60953],{}," string method",[33,129470,124425],{"id":124424},[20,129472,129473,124236],{},[15,129474,124773],{},[20,129476,127823,129477,5036,129479,129481],{},[15,129478,90841],{},[15,129480,64957],{}," are treated as different text.",[38,129483,129485],{"className":40,"code":129484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129486,129487,129500,129504,129528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129488,129489,129491,129493,129495,129498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129490,35096],{"class":53},[47,129492,58],{"class":57},[47,129494,78],{"class":65},[47,129496,129497],{"class":69},"Hello World",[47,129499,689],{"class":65},[47,129501,129502],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129503,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129505,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524,129526],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129507,139],{"class":138},[47,129509,117],{"class":61},[47,129511,35117],{"class":113},[47,129513,110],{"class":61},[47,129515,128803],{"class":113},[47,129517,117],{"class":61},[47,129519,66],{"class":65},[47,129521,35276],{"class":69},[47,129523,66],{"class":65},[47,129525,6006],{"class":61},[47,129527,51666],{"class":152},[47,129529,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,129531,139],{"class":138},[47,129533,117],{"class":61},[47,129535,35117],{"class":113},[47,129537,110],{"class":61},[47,129539,128803],{"class":113},[47,129541,117],{"class":61},[47,129543,66],{"class":65},[47,129545,4492],{"class":69},[47,129547,66],{"class":65},[47,129549,6006],{"class":61},[47,129551,129159],{"class":152},[20,129553,129554],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[38,129556,129558],{"className":40,"code":129557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129559,129560,129572,129576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129561,129562,129564,129566,129568,129570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129563,35096],{"class":53},[47,129565,58],{"class":57},[47,129567,78],{"class":65},[47,129569,129497],{"class":69},[47,129571,689],{"class":65},[47,129573,129574],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129575,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129577,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129579,139],{"class":138},[47,129581,117],{"class":61},[47,129583,35117],{"class":113},[47,129585,110],{"class":61},[47,129587,9285],{"class":113},[47,129589,9282],{"class":61},[47,129591,128803],{"class":113},[47,129593,117],{"class":61},[47,129595,66],{"class":65},[47,129597,4492],{"class":69},[47,129599,66],{"class":65},[47,129601,6006],{"class":61},[47,129603,51666],{"class":152},[33,129605,129607,11222,129609],{"id":129606},"find-vs-index",[15,129608,124773],{},[15,129610,59389],{},[20,129612,129613,5036,129615,129617],{},[15,129614,124773],{},[15,129616,59389],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[174,129619,129620,129626],{},[177,129621,129622,3048,129624],{},[15,129623,124773],{},[15,129625,66277],{},[177,129627,129628,52914,129630],{},[15,129629,59389],{},[15,129631,41118],{},[20,129633,156,129634,129636],{},[15,129635,124773],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129638,156,129639,129641],{},[15,129640,59389],{}," when the value must exist.",[38,129643,129645],{"className":40,"code":129644,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129646,129647,129659,129663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129648,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129650,35096],{"class":53},[47,129652,58],{"class":57},[47,129654,78],{"class":65},[47,129656,4492],{"class":69},[47,129658,689],{"class":65},[47,129660,129661],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129662,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129664,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129666,139],{"class":138},[47,129668,117],{"class":61},[47,129670,35117],{"class":113},[47,129672,110],{"class":61},[47,129674,128803],{"class":113},[47,129676,117],{"class":61},[47,129678,66],{"class":65},[47,129680,1995],{"class":69},[47,129682,66],{"class":65},[47,129684,6006],{"class":61},[47,129686,129687],{"class":152},"   # -1\n",[38,129689,129691],{"className":40,"code":129690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129692,129693,129705,129709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129694,129695,129697,129699,129701,129703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129696,35096],{"class":53},[47,129698,58],{"class":57},[47,129700,78],{"class":65},[47,129702,4492],{"class":69},[47,129704,689],{"class":65},[47,129706,129707],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129708,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129710,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129712,139],{"class":138},[47,129714,117],{"class":61},[47,129716,35117],{"class":113},[47,129718,110],{"class":61},[47,129720,36256],{"class":113},[47,129722,117],{"class":61},[47,129724,66],{"class":65},[47,129726,1995],{"class":69},[47,129728,66],{"class":65},[47,129730,6006],{"class":61},[47,129732,129733],{"class":152},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129735,129736,129737,129741,129742,129744,129745,110],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[210,129738,129739,129468],{"href":124798},[15,129740,59389],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129743,59389],{},", read ",[210,129746,26083,129747],{"href":73905},[15,129748,129749],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[33,129751,41460],{"id":41459},[20,129753,35815,129754,129756],{},[15,129755,124773],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[174,129758,129759,129762,129765,129768],{},[177,129760,129761],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[177,129763,129764],{},"Get the position of a word",[177,129766,129767],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[177,129769,129770],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129772,129773],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[38,129775,129777],{"className":40,"code":129776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129778,129779,129792,129815,129819,129834,129850,129869,129883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129780,129781,129783,129785,129787,129790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129782,35096],{"class":53},[47,129784,58],{"class":57},[47,129786,78],{"class":65},[47,129788,129789],{"class":69},"name:Alice",[47,129791,689],{"class":65},[47,129793,129794,129797,129799,129801,129803,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129795,129796],{"class":53},"colon_pos ",[47,129798,58],{"class":57},[47,129800,43257],{"class":53},[47,129802,110],{"class":61},[47,129804,128803],{"class":113},[47,129806,117],{"class":61},[47,129808,66],{"class":65},[47,129810,172],{"class":69},[47,129812,66],{"class":65},[47,129814,132],{"class":61},[47,129816,129817],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129818,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129820,129821,129823,129826,129828,129830,129832],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,129822,7642],{"class":1107},[47,129824,129825],{"class":53}," colon_pos ",[47,129827,73015],{"class":57},[47,129829,2871],{"class":57},[47,129831,917],{"class":349},[47,129833,7038],{"class":61},[47,129835,129836,129839,129841,129843,129845,129848],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,129837,129838],{"class":53},"    label ",[47,129840,58],{"class":57},[47,129842,43257],{"class":53},[47,129844,75958],{"class":61},[47,129846,129847],{"class":53},"colon_pos",[47,129849,95],{"class":61},[47,129851,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,129853,27805],{"class":53},[47,129855,58],{"class":57},[47,129857,43257],{"class":53},[47,129859,669],{"class":61},[47,129861,129796],{"class":53},[47,129863,2708],{"class":57},[47,129865,2002],{"class":349},[47,129867,129868],{"class":61},":]\n",[47,129870,129871,129873,129875,129878,129880],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,129872,8715],{"class":138},[47,129874,117],{"class":61},[47,129876,129877],{"class":113},"label",[47,129879,4313],{"class":61},[47,129881,129882],{"class":152},"  # name\n",[47,129884,129885,129887,129889,129891,129893],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,129886,8715],{"class":138},[47,129888,117],{"class":61},[47,129890,259],{"class":113},[47,129892,4313],{"class":61},[47,129894,129895],{"class":152},"  # Alice\n",[20,129897,129898,129899,110],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[210,129900,127814],{"href":124033},[33,129902,1641],{"id":1640},[20,129904,129905,129906,172],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129907,124773],{},[174,129909,129910,129919,129925,129930,129936],{},[177,129911,1968,129912,9100,129914,3530,129916,129918],{},[15,129913,124773],{},[15,129915,4255],{},[15,129917,4326],{}," instead of an index",[177,129920,129921,129922,129924],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129923,66277],{}," when the substring is missing",[177,129926,453,129927,129929],{},[15,129928,124773],{}," without handling case differences",[177,129931,37616,129932,9350,129934],{},[15,129933,124773],{},[15,129935,59389],{},[177,129937,5223,129938,129940],{},[15,129939,124773],{}," changes the string",[20,129942,129943],{},"Example of a mistake:",[38,129945,129947],{"className":40,"code":129946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129948,129949,129961,129965,129985,130000,130006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129950,129951,129953,129955,129957,129959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129952,35096],{"class":53},[47,129954,58],{"class":57},[47,129956,78],{"class":65},[47,129958,4492],{"class":69},[47,129960,689],{"class":65},[47,129962,129963],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,129964,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,129966,129967,129969,129971,129973,129975,129977,129979,129981,129983],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,129968,7642],{"class":1107},[47,129970,43257],{"class":53},[47,129972,110],{"class":61},[47,129974,128803],{"class":113},[47,129976,117],{"class":61},[47,129978,66],{"class":65},[47,129980,60860],{"class":69},[47,129982,66],{"class":65},[47,129984,8988],{"class":61},[47,129986,129987,129989,129991,129993,129996,129998],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,129988,8715],{"class":138},[47,129990,117],{"class":61},[47,129992,66],{"class":65},[47,129994,129995],{"class":69},"Found",[47,129997,66],{"class":65},[47,129999,132],{"class":61},[47,130001,130002,130004],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,130003,27838],{"class":1107},[47,130005,7038],{"class":61},[47,130007,130008,130010,130012,130014,130016,130018],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,130009,8715],{"class":138},[47,130011,117],{"class":61},[47,130013,66],{"class":65},[47,130015,26719],{"class":69},[47,130017,66],{"class":65},[47,130019,132],{"class":61},[20,130021,100339],{},[38,130023,130025],{"className":40,"code":130024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Not found\n",[15,130026,130027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130028,130029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130030,130024],{"class":53},[20,130032,46120,130033,130036,130037,17681,130039,130041,130042,130044],{},[15,130034,130035],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,130038,436],{},[15,130040,436],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,130043,7642],{}," statement.",[20,130046,130047],{},"A safer version is:",[38,130049,130051],{"className":40,"code":130050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130052,130053,130065,130069,130098,130112,130118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130054,130055,130057,130059,130061,130063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130056,35096],{"class":53},[47,130058,58],{"class":57},[47,130060,78],{"class":65},[47,130062,4492],{"class":69},[47,130064,689],{"class":65},[47,130066,130067],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,130068,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,130070,130071,130073,130075,130077,130079,130081,130083,130085,130087,130089,130092,130094,130096],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,130072,7642],{"class":1107},[47,130074,43257],{"class":53},[47,130076,110],{"class":61},[47,130078,128803],{"class":113},[47,130080,117],{"class":61},[47,130082,66],{"class":65},[47,130084,60860],{"class":69},[47,130086,66],{"class":65},[47,130088,4313],{"class":61},[47,130090,130091],{"class":57}," !=",[47,130093,2871],{"class":57},[47,130095,917],{"class":349},[47,130097,7038],{"class":61},[47,130099,130100,130102,130104,130106,130108,130110],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,130101,8715],{"class":138},[47,130103,117],{"class":61},[47,130105,66],{"class":65},[47,130107,129995],{"class":69},[47,130109,66],{"class":65},[47,130111,132],{"class":61},[47,130113,130114,130116],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,130115,27838],{"class":1107},[47,130117,7038],{"class":61},[47,130119,130120,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,130121,8715],{"class":138},[47,130123,117],{"class":61},[47,130125,66],{"class":65},[47,130127,26719],{"class":69},[47,130129,66],{"class":65},[47,130131,132],{"class":61},[20,130133,130134],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[38,130136,130138],{"className":40,"code":130137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130139,130140,130162,130176,130202,130216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130141,130142,130144,130146,130148,130150,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130143,139],{"class":138},[47,130145,117],{"class":61},[47,130147,35117],{"class":113},[47,130149,110],{"class":61},[47,130151,128803],{"class":113},[47,130153,117],{"class":61},[47,130155,385],{"class":65},[47,130157,38804],{"class":69},[47,130159,385],{"class":65},[47,130161,2266],{"class":61},[47,130163,130164,130166,130168,130170,130172,130174],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,130165,139],{"class":138},[47,130167,117],{"class":61},[47,130169,42194],{"class":138},[47,130171,117],{"class":61},[47,130173,35117],{"class":113},[47,130175,2266],{"class":61},[47,130177,130178,130180,130182,130184,130186,130188,130190,130192,130194,130196,130198,130200],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,130179,139],{"class":138},[47,130181,117],{"class":61},[47,130183,35117],{"class":113},[47,130185,110],{"class":61},[47,130187,9285],{"class":113},[47,130189,9282],{"class":61},[47,130191,128803],{"class":113},[47,130193,117],{"class":61},[47,130195,385],{"class":65},[47,130197,38804],{"class":69},[47,130199,385],{"class":65},[47,130201,2266],{"class":61},[47,130203,130204,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,130205,139],{"class":138},[47,130207,117],{"class":61},[47,130209,11798],{"class":138},[47,130211,117],{"class":61},[47,130213,35117],{"class":113},[47,130215,2266],{"class":61},[47,130217,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130234,130236,130238,130240,130242,130244],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,130219,139],{"class":138},[47,130221,117],{"class":61},[47,130223,35117],{"class":113},[47,130225,110],{"class":61},[47,130227,128803],{"class":113},[47,130229,117],{"class":61},[47,130231,385],{"class":65},[47,130233,38804],{"class":69},[47,130235,385],{"class":65},[47,130237,75],{"class":61},[47,130239,36462],{"class":113},[47,130241,75],{"class":61},[47,130243,65463],{"class":113},[47,130245,2266],{"class":61},[20,130247,130248],{},"These help you check:",[174,130250,130251,130256,130261,130266,130269],{},[177,130252,130253,130254],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130255,124773],{},[177,130257,130258,130259],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130260,122992],{},[177,130262,130263,130264],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130265,124508],{},[177,130267,130268],{},"The string length",[177,130270,130271,130272,5036,130274,130276],{},"Whether your ",[15,130273,36483],{},[15,130275,53080],{}," values are correct",[33,130278,2429],{"id":2428},[244,130280,130282,130283,130285],{"id":130281},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130284,124773],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130287,5791,130288,110],{},[15,130289,66277],{},[244,130291,2433,130293,130295],{"id":130292},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130294,124773],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130297,130298],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[244,130300,130302,130303,125114],{"id":130301},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130304,124773],{},[20,130306,130307],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[244,130309,5823,130311,5036,130313,70078],{"id":130310},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130312,124773],{},[15,130314,59389],{},[20,130316,130317,3048,130319,130321,130322,52914,130324,110],{},[15,130318,124773],{},[15,130320,66277],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130323,59389],{},[15,130325,41118],{},[244,130327,28733,130329,130331],{"id":130328},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130330,124773],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130333,130334,130335,5036,130337,66576],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130336,36483],{},[15,130338,53080],{},[33,130340,2526],{"id":2525},[174,130342,130343,130349,130355,130362,130368,130375,130379,130384],{},[177,130344,130345],{},[210,130346,126778,130347,1637],{"href":124798},[15,130348,59389],{},[177,130350,130351],{},[210,130352,126778,130353,1637],{"href":129465},[15,130354,60953],{},[177,130356,130357],{},[210,130358,126778,130360,1637],{"href":130359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130361,124949],{},[177,130363,130364],{},[210,130365,126778,130366,1637],{"href":128143},[15,130367,128146],{},[177,130369,130370],{},[210,130371,126778,130373,1637],{"href":130372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130374,126836],{},[177,130376,130377],{},[210,130378,125177],{"href":124033},[177,130380,130381],{},[210,130382,130383],{"href":129461},"How to split a string in Python",[177,130385,130386],{},[210,130387,26526,130388],{"href":73905},[15,130389,129749],{},[2563,130391,130392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":130394},[130395,130397,130400,130401,130402,130403,130405,130406,130407,130419],{"id":128879,"depth":98,"text":130396},"What find() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":130398},[130399],{"id":246,"depth":135,"text":247},{"id":38432,"depth":98,"text":38433},{"id":65829,"depth":98,"text":66612},{"id":124424,"depth":98,"text":124425},{"id":129606,"depth":98,"text":130404},"find() vs index()",{"id":41459,"depth":98,"text":41460},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":130408},[130409,130411,130413,130415,130417],{"id":130281,"depth":135,"text":130410},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130292,"depth":135,"text":130412},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130301,"depth":135,"text":130414},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130310,"depth":135,"text":130416},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130328,"depth":135,"text":130418},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128751,"description":130420},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130427,"title":130428,"body":130429,"description":132355,"extension":2611,"meta":132356,"navigation":357,"path":132357,"seo":132358,"stem":132359,"__hash__":132360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130430,"toc":132323},[130431,130436,130441,130444,130446,130522,130526,130554,130562,130566,130571,130575,130592,130594,130661,130665,130687,130695,130697,130700,130724,130727,130741,130743,130828,130832,130844,130847,130851,130857,130907,130911,130928,130937,130940,130948,130951,131000,131004,131029,131032,131087,131091,131103,131109,131113,131119,131124,131191,131195,131221,131224,131235,131237,131304,131308,131333,131340,131344,131349,131356,131364,131366,131418,131422,131440,131442,131487,131491,131506,131509,131519,131526,131528,131532,131535,131546,131548,131608,131612,131640,131643,131649,131654,131657,131661,131705,131708,131746,131749,131757,131759,131764,131768,131771,131819,131822,131825,131881,131885,131890,131893,131942,131944,131993,131999,132004,132006,132053,132057,132070,132072,132123,132129,132132,132136,132139,132145,132150,132152,132155,132227,132230,132247,132249,132254,132257,132261,132267,132273,132280,132286,132292,132294,132320],[10,130432,123778,130434,18],{"id":130433},"python-string-format-method",[15,130435,126781],{},[20,130437,123783,130438,130440],{},[15,130439,126781],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130442,130443],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[33,130445,36],{"id":35},[38,130447,130449],{"className":40,"code":130448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130450,130451,130463,130471,130475,130512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130452,130453,130455,130457,130459,130461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130454,8523],{"class":53},[47,130456,58],{"class":57},[47,130458,78],{"class":65},[47,130460,12141],{"class":69},[47,130462,689],{"class":65},[47,130464,130465,130467,130469],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,130466,22030],{"class":53},[47,130468,58],{"class":57},[47,130470,89222],{"class":349},[47,130472,130473],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,130474,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,130476,130477,130479,130481,130483,130486,130488,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,130478,90430],{"class":53},[47,130480,58],{"class":57},[47,130482,78],{"class":65},[47,130484,130485],{"class":69},"My name is ",[47,130487,811],{"class":349},[47,130489,130490],{"class":69}," and I am ",[47,130492,811],{"class":349},[47,130494,122774],{"class":69},[47,130496,66],{"class":65},[47,130498,110],{"class":61},[47,130500,130501],{"class":113},"format",[47,130503,117],{"class":61},[47,130505,70],{"class":113},[47,130507,75],{"class":61},[47,130509,9831],{"class":113},[47,130511,132],{"class":61},[47,130513,130514,130516,130518,130520],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,130515,139],{"class":138},[47,130517,117],{"class":61},[47,130519,90447],{"class":113},[47,130521,132],{"class":61},[20,130523,130524],{},[278,130525,372],{},[38,130527,130529],{"className":40,"code":130528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130530,130531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130532,130533,130536,130538,130541,130544,130547,130550,130552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130534,130535],{"class":53},"My name ",[47,130537,12822],{"class":57},[47,130539,130540],{"class":53}," Maya ",[47,130542,130543],{"class":57},"and",[47,130545,130546],{"class":53}," I am ",[47,130548,130549],{"class":349},"12",[47,130551,122807],{"class":53},[47,130553,122810],{"class":61},[20,130555,156,130556,130558,130559,130561],{},[15,130557,811],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130560,126781],{}," in the same order.",[20,130563,125530,130564,110],{},[210,130565,125533],{"href":51394},[33,130567,13624,130569,13627],{"id":130568},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130570,126781],{},[20,130572,2628,130573,12046],{},[15,130574,126781],{},[174,130576,130577,130580,130586,130589],{},[177,130578,130579],{},"inserts values into a string",[177,130581,130582,130583,130585],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130584,811],{}," with given values",[177,130587,130588],{},"returns a new string",[177,130590,130591],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130593,603],{},[38,130595,130597],{"className":40,"code":130596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130598,130599,130613,130636,130640,130651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130600,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609,130611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130602,35096],{"class":53},[47,130604,58],{"class":57},[47,130606,78],{"class":65},[47,130608,45318],{"class":69},[47,130610,811],{"class":349},[47,130612,689],{"class":65},[47,130614,130615,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626,130628,130630,130632,130634],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,130616,130617],{"class":53},"new_text ",[47,130619,58],{"class":57},[47,130621,43257],{"class":53},[47,130623,110],{"class":61},[47,130625,130501],{"class":113},[47,130627,117],{"class":61},[47,130629,66],{"class":65},[47,130631,8322],{"class":69},[47,130633,66],{"class":65},[47,130635,132],{"class":61},[47,130637,130638],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,130639,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,130641,130642,130644,130646,130649],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,130643,139],{"class":138},[47,130645,117],{"class":61},[47,130647,130648],{"class":113},"new_text",[47,130650,132],{"class":61},[47,130652,130653,130655,130657,130659],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,130654,139],{"class":138},[47,130656,117],{"class":61},[47,130658,35117],{"class":113},[47,130660,132],{"class":61},[20,130662,130663],{},[278,130664,372],{},[38,130666,130668],{"className":40,"code":130667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130669,130670,130679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130671,130672,130674,130676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130673,35276],{"class":53},[47,130675,75],{"class":61},[47,130677,130678],{"class":53}," Sam\n",[47,130680,130681,130683,130685],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,130682,35276],{"class":53},[47,130684,75],{"class":61},[47,130686,10476],{"class":61},[20,130688,2936,130689,130691,130692,130694],{},[15,130690,35117],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130693,126781],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[33,130696,2806],{"id":2805},[20,130698,130699],{},"The general form is:",[38,130701,130703],{"className":40,"code":130702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130704,130705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130706,130707,130709,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130708,66],{"class":43744},[47,130710,130711],{"class":43748},"text {}",[47,130713,66],{"class":43744},[47,130715,110],{"class":61},[47,130717,130501],{"class":113},[47,130719,117],{"class":61},[47,130721,259],{"class":113},[47,130723,132],{"class":61},[20,130725,130726],{},"Key idea:",[174,130728,130729,130735,130738],{},[177,130730,130731,130732,130734],{},"each ",[15,130733,811],{}," is a placeholder",[177,130736,130737],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[177,130739,130740],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130742,603],{},[38,130744,130746],{"className":40,"code":130745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130747,130748,130761,130775,130779,130817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130749,130750,130753,130755,130757,130759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130751,130752],{"class":53},"animal ",[47,130754,58],{"class":57},[47,130756,78],{"class":65},[47,130758,37459],{"class":69},[47,130760,689],{"class":65},[47,130762,130763,130766,130768,130770,130773],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,130764,130765],{"class":53},"sound ",[47,130767,58],{"class":57},[47,130769,78],{"class":65},[47,130771,130772],{"class":69},"meow",[47,130774,689],{"class":65},[47,130776,130777],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,130778,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,130780,130781,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130810,130812,130815],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,130782,130783],{"class":53},"sentence ",[47,130785,58],{"class":57},[47,130787,78],{"class":65},[47,130789,2628],{"class":69},[47,130791,811],{"class":349},[47,130793,130794],{"class":69}," says ",[47,130796,811],{"class":349},[47,130798,110],{"class":69},[47,130800,66],{"class":65},[47,130802,110],{"class":61},[47,130804,130501],{"class":113},[47,130806,117],{"class":61},[47,130808,130809],{"class":113},"animal",[47,130811,75],{"class":61},[47,130813,130814],{"class":113}," sound",[47,130816,132],{"class":61},[47,130818,130819,130821,130823,130826],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,130820,139],{"class":138},[47,130822,117],{"class":61},[47,130824,130825],{"class":113},"sentence",[47,130827,132],{"class":61},[20,130829,130830],{},[278,130831,372],{},[38,130833,130835],{"className":40,"code":130834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130836,130837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130838,130839,130842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130840,130841],{"class":53},"The cat says meow",[47,130843,122810],{"class":61},[20,130845,130846],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[33,130848,130850],{"id":130849},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130852,130853,130854,130856],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130855,811],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[38,130858,130860],{"className":40,"code":130859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130861,130862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130863,130864,130866,130868,130870,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130894,130896,130898,130900,130903,130905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130865,139],{"class":138},[47,130867,117],{"class":61},[47,130869,66],{"class":65},[47,130871,130872],{"class":69},"I like ",[47,130874,811],{"class":349},[47,130876,5036],{"class":69},[47,130878,811],{"class":349},[47,130880,110],{"class":69},[47,130882,66],{"class":65},[47,130884,110],{"class":61},[47,130886,130501],{"class":113},[47,130888,117],{"class":61},[47,130890,66],{"class":65},[47,130892,130893],{"class":69},"pizza",[47,130895,66],{"class":65},[47,130897,75],{"class":61},[47,130899,78],{"class":65},[47,130901,130902],{"class":69},"pasta",[47,130904,66],{"class":65},[47,130906,2266],{"class":61},[20,130908,130909],{},[278,130910,372],{},[38,130912,130914],{"className":40,"code":130913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130915,130916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130917,130918,130921,130923,130926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130919,130920],{"class":53},"I like pizza ",[47,130922,130543],{"class":57},[47,130924,130925],{"class":53}," pasta",[47,130927,122810],{"class":61},[20,130929,130930,130931,5036,130934,110],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130932,130933],{},"{0}",[15,130935,130936],{},"{1}",[20,130938,130939],{},"This is helpful when:",[174,130941,130942,130945],{},[177,130943,130944],{},"you want to reuse a value",[177,130946,130947],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130949,130950],{},"Example with reused values:",[38,130952,130954],{"className":40,"code":130953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130955,130956,130990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130957,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130969,130971,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130959,35096],{"class":53},[47,130961,58],{"class":57},[47,130963,78],{"class":65},[47,130965,130933],{"class":349},[47,130967,130968],{"class":69}," is learning Python. ",[47,130970,130933],{"class":349},[47,130972,130973],{"class":69}," likes coding.",[47,130975,66],{"class":65},[47,130977,110],{"class":61},[47,130979,130501],{"class":113},[47,130981,117],{"class":61},[47,130983,66],{"class":65},[47,130985,20283],{"class":69},[47,130987,66],{"class":65},[47,130989,132],{"class":61},[47,130991,130992,130994,130996,130998],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,130993,139],{"class":138},[47,130995,117],{"class":61},[47,130997,35117],{"class":113},[47,130999,132],{"class":61},[20,131001,131002],{},[278,131003,372],{},[38,131005,131007],{"className":40,"code":131006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,131008,131009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131010,131011,131014,131016,131019,131021,131024,131027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131012,131013],{"class":53},"Lina ",[47,131015,12822],{"class":57},[47,131017,131018],{"class":53}," learning Python",[47,131020,110],{"class":61},[47,131022,131023],{"class":25153}," Lina",[47,131025,131026],{"class":53}," likes coding",[47,131028,122810],{"class":61},[20,131030,131031],{},"Example with changed order:",[38,131033,131035],{"className":40,"code":131034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131036,131037,131077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131038,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131040,35096],{"class":53},[47,131042,58],{"class":57},[47,131044,78],{"class":65},[47,131046,130936],{"class":349},[47,131048,83749],{"class":69},[47,131050,130933],{"class":349},[47,131052,110],{"class":69},[47,131054,66],{"class":65},[47,131056,110],{"class":61},[47,131058,130501],{"class":113},[47,131060,117],{"class":61},[47,131062,66],{"class":65},[47,131064,7229],{"class":69},[47,131066,66],{"class":65},[47,131068,75],{"class":61},[47,131070,78],{"class":65},[47,131072,79694],{"class":69},[47,131074,66],{"class":65},[47,131076,132],{"class":61},[47,131078,131079,131081,131083,131085],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131080,139],{"class":138},[47,131082,117],{"class":61},[47,131084,35117],{"class":113},[47,131086,132],{"class":61},[20,131088,131089],{},[278,131090,372],{},[38,131092,131094],{"className":40,"code":131093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"two comes after one.\n",[15,131095,131096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131097,131098,131101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131099,131100],{"class":53},"two comes after one",[47,131102,122810],{"class":61},[20,131104,131105,131106,131108],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,131107,811],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[33,131110,131112],{"id":131111},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,131114,131115,131116,110],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,131117,131118],{},"{name}",[20,131120,131121,131122,172],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,131123,126781],{},[38,131125,131127],{"className":40,"code":131126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131128,131129,131181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131130,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131144,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171,131173,131175,131177,131179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131132,35096],{"class":53},[47,131134,58],{"class":57},[47,131136,78],{"class":65},[47,131138,130485],{"class":69},[47,131140,131118],{"class":349},[47,131142,131143],{"class":69}," and I live in ",[47,131145,131146],{"class":349},"{city}",[47,131148,110],{"class":69},[47,131150,66],{"class":65},[47,131152,110],{"class":61},[47,131154,130501],{"class":113},[47,131156,117],{"class":61},[47,131158,70],{"class":9818},[47,131160,58],{"class":57},[47,131162,66],{"class":65},[47,131164,13508],{"class":69},[47,131166,66],{"class":65},[47,131168,75],{"class":61},[47,131170,31791],{"class":9818},[47,131172,58],{"class":57},[47,131174,66],{"class":65},[47,131176,16641],{"class":69},[47,131178,66],{"class":65},[47,131180,132],{"class":61},[47,131182,131183,131185,131187,131189],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131184,139],{"class":138},[47,131186,117],{"class":61},[47,131188,35117],{"class":113},[47,131190,132],{"class":61},[20,131192,131193],{},[278,131194,372],{},[38,131196,131198],{"className":40,"code":131197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131199,131200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131201,131202,131204,131206,131209,131211,131214,131216,131219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131203,130535],{"class":53},[47,131205,12822],{"class":57},[47,131207,131208],{"class":53}," Ana ",[47,131210,130543],{"class":57},[47,131212,131213],{"class":53}," I live ",[47,131215,1114],{"class":57},[47,131217,131218],{"class":53}," Lima",[47,131220,122810],{"class":61},[20,131222,131223],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[174,131225,131226,131229,131232],{},[177,131227,131228],{},"they make code easier to read",[177,131230,131231],{},"they help when a string has many values",[177,131233,131234],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131236,603],{},[38,131238,131240],{"className":40,"code":131239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131241,131242,131294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131243,131244,131247,131249,131251,131254,131257,131260,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131280,131282,131284,131287,131289,131292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131245,131246],{"class":53},"report ",[47,131248,58],{"class":57},[47,131250,78],{"class":65},[47,131252,131253],{"class":69},"Student: ",[47,131255,131256],{"class":349},"{student}",[47,131258,131259],{"class":69},", Score: ",[47,131261,131262],{"class":349},"{score}",[47,131264,66],{"class":65},[47,131266,110],{"class":61},[47,131268,130501],{"class":113},[47,131270,117],{"class":61},[47,131272,14244],{"class":9818},[47,131274,58],{"class":57},[47,131276,66],{"class":65},[47,131278,131279],{"class":69},"Noah",[47,131281,66],{"class":65},[47,131283,75],{"class":61},[47,131285,131286],{"class":9818}," score",[47,131288,58],{"class":57},[47,131290,131291],{"class":349},"95",[47,131293,132],{"class":61},[47,131295,131296,131298,131300,131302],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131297,139],{"class":138},[47,131299,117],{"class":61},[47,131301,128491],{"class":113},[47,131303,132],{"class":61},[20,131305,131306],{},[278,131307,372],{},[38,131309,131311],{"className":40,"code":131310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131312,131313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131314,131315,131318,131320,131323,131325,131328,131330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131316,131317],{"class":53},"Student",[47,131319,172],{"class":61},[47,131321,131322],{"class":53}," Noah",[47,131324,75],{"class":61},[47,131326,131327],{"class":53}," Score",[47,131329,172],{"class":61},[47,131331,131332],{"class":349}," 95\n",[20,131334,131335,131336,110],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[210,131337,4226,131338,4159],{"href":42590},[15,131339,48101],{},[33,131341,131343],{"id":131342},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131345,131346,131348],{},[15,131347,126781],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131350,131351,131352,131355],{},"A common example is ",[15,131353,131354],{},":.2f",", which means:",[174,131357,131358,131361],{},[177,131359,131360],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[177,131362,131363],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131365,603],{},[38,131367,131369],{"className":40,"code":131368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131370,131371,131379,131408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131372,131373,131375,131377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131374,40801],{"class":53},[47,131376,58],{"class":57},[47,131378,49694],{"class":349},[47,131380,131381,131383,131385,131387,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131382,35096],{"class":53},[47,131384,58],{"class":57},[47,131386,78],{"class":65},[47,131388,131389],{"class":69},"Price: $",[47,131391,382],{"class":349},[47,131393,131354],{"class":2714},[47,131395,22705],{"class":349},[47,131397,66],{"class":65},[47,131399,110],{"class":61},[47,131401,130501],{"class":113},[47,131403,117],{"class":61},[47,131405,25553],{"class":113},[47,131407,132],{"class":61},[47,131409,131410,131412,131414,131416],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,131411,139],{"class":138},[47,131413,117],{"class":61},[47,131415,35117],{"class":113},[47,131417,132],{"class":61},[20,131419,131420],{},[278,131421,372],{},[38,131423,131425],{"className":40,"code":131424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131426,131427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131428,131429,131432,131434,131437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131430,131431],{"class":53},"Price",[47,131433,172],{"class":61},[47,131435,131436],{"class":37779}," $",[47,131438,131439],{"class":349},"3.50\n",[20,131441,52499],{},[38,131443,131445],{"className":40,"code":131444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131446,131447,131457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131448,131449,131452,131454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131450,131451],{"class":53},"average ",[47,131453,58],{"class":57},[47,131455,131456],{"class":349}," 91.236\n",[47,131458,131459,131461,131463,131465,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131485],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131460,139],{"class":138},[47,131462,117],{"class":61},[47,131464,66],{"class":65},[47,131466,131467],{"class":69},"Average: ",[47,131469,382],{"class":349},[47,131471,131354],{"class":2714},[47,131473,22705],{"class":349},[47,131475,66],{"class":65},[47,131477,110],{"class":61},[47,131479,130501],{"class":113},[47,131481,117],{"class":61},[47,131483,131484],{"class":113},"average",[47,131486,2266],{"class":61},[20,131488,131489],{},[278,131490,372],{},[38,131492,131494],{"className":40,"code":131493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131495,131496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131497,131498,131501,131503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131499,131500],{"class":53},"Average",[47,131502,172],{"class":61},[47,131504,131505],{"class":349}," 91.24\n",[20,131507,131508],{},"This is useful for:",[174,131510,131511,131513,131516],{},[177,131512,83507],{},[177,131514,131515],{},"averages",[177,131517,131518],{},"percentages",[20,131520,131521,131522,110],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[210,131523,4226,131524,2953],{"href":46866},[15,131525,46869],{},[33,131527,273],{"id":272},[20,131529,131530,92944],{},[15,131531,126781],{},[20,131533,131534],{},"That means you can:",[174,131536,131537,131540,131543],{},[177,131538,131539],{},"save it in a variable",[177,131541,131542],{},"print it directly",[177,131544,131545],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131547,603],{},[38,131549,131551],{"className":40,"code":131550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131552,131553,131584,131594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131554,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131577,131580,131582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131556,90430],{"class":53},[47,131558,58],{"class":57},[47,131560,78],{"class":65},[47,131562,45318],{"class":69},[47,131564,811],{"class":349},[47,131566,90271],{"class":69},[47,131568,66],{"class":65},[47,131570,110],{"class":61},[47,131572,130501],{"class":113},[47,131574,117],{"class":61},[47,131576,66],{"class":65},[47,131578,131579],{"class":69},"Chris",[47,131581,66],{"class":65},[47,131583,132],{"class":61},[47,131585,131586,131588,131590,131592],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131587,139],{"class":138},[47,131589,117],{"class":61},[47,131591,90447],{"class":113},[47,131593,132],{"class":61},[47,131595,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,131597,139],{"class":138},[47,131599,117],{"class":61},[47,131601,2392],{"class":106},[47,131603,117],{"class":61},[47,131605,90447],{"class":113},[47,131607,2266],{"class":61},[20,131609,131610],{},[278,131611,372],{},[38,131613,131615],{"className":40,"code":131614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131616,131617,131626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131618,131619,131621,131623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131620,35276],{"class":53},[47,131622,75],{"class":61},[47,131624,131625],{"class":53}," Chris!\n",[47,131627,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131629,3941],{"class":57},[47,131631,3944],{"class":2714},[47,131633,398],{"class":65},[47,131635,4093],{"class":69},[47,131637,385],{"class":65},[47,131639,3953],{"class":57},[20,131641,131642],{},"The original string is not changed.",[33,131644,131646,131648],{"id":131645},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131647,126781],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131650,131651,131653],{},[15,131652,126781],{}," is a string method.",[20,131655,131656],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131658,46457,131659,172],{},[15,131660,126781],{},[38,131662,131664],{"className":40,"code":131663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131665,131666,131679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131667,131668,131670,131672,131674,131677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131669,8523],{"class":53},[47,131671,58],{"class":57},[47,131673,78],{"class":65},[47,131675,131676],{"class":69},"Rita",[47,131678,689],{"class":65},[47,131680,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131682,139],{"class":138},[47,131684,117],{"class":61},[47,131686,66],{"class":65},[47,131688,45318],{"class":69},[47,131690,811],{"class":349},[47,131692,90271],{"class":69},[47,131694,66],{"class":65},[47,131696,110],{"class":61},[47,131698,130501],{"class":113},[47,131700,117],{"class":61},[47,131702,70],{"class":113},[47,131704,2266],{"class":61},[20,131706,131707],{},"Example with an f-string:",[38,131709,131711],{"className":40,"code":131710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131712,131713,131725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131714,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131716,8523],{"class":53},[47,131718,58],{"class":57},[47,131720,78],{"class":65},[47,131722,131676],{"class":69},[47,131724,689],{"class":65},[47,131726,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131744],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131728,139],{"class":138},[47,131730,117],{"class":61},[47,131732,22696],{"class":2714},[47,131734,43762],{"class":69},[47,131736,382],{"class":349},[47,131738,70],{"class":113},[47,131740,22705],{"class":349},[47,131742,131743],{"class":69},"!\"",[47,131745,132],{"class":61},[20,131747,131748],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131750,131751,131752,131754,131755,110],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131753,126781],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[210,131756,90116],{"href":90115},[33,131758,1641],{"id":1640},[20,131760,131761,131762,110],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131763,126781],{},[244,131765,131767],{"id":131766},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131769,131770],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[38,131772,131774],{"className":40,"code":131773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131775,131776,131809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131777,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131791,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131779,35096],{"class":53},[47,131781,58],{"class":57},[47,131783,78],{"class":65},[47,131785,45318],{"class":69},[47,131787,811],{"class":349},[47,131789,131790],{"class":349}," {}",[47,131792,90271],{"class":69},[47,131794,66],{"class":65},[47,131796,110],{"class":61},[47,131798,130501],{"class":113},[47,131800,117],{"class":61},[47,131802,66],{"class":65},[47,131804,8322],{"class":69},[47,131806,66],{"class":65},[47,131808,132],{"class":61},[47,131810,131811,131813,131815,131817],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131812,139],{"class":138},[47,131814,117],{"class":61},[47,131816,35117],{"class":113},[47,131818,132],{"class":61},[20,131820,131821],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131823,131824],{},"Fixed version:",[38,131826,131828],{"className":40,"code":131827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131829,131830,131871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131831,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862,131864,131867,131869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131833,35096],{"class":53},[47,131835,58],{"class":57},[47,131837,78],{"class":65},[47,131839,45318],{"class":69},[47,131841,811],{"class":349},[47,131843,131790],{"class":349},[47,131845,90271],{"class":69},[47,131847,66],{"class":65},[47,131849,110],{"class":61},[47,131851,130501],{"class":113},[47,131853,117],{"class":61},[47,131855,66],{"class":65},[47,131857,8322],{"class":69},[47,131859,66],{"class":65},[47,131861,75],{"class":61},[47,131863,78],{"class":65},[47,131865,131866],{"class":69},"Lee",[47,131868,66],{"class":65},[47,131870,132],{"class":61},[47,131872,131873,131875,131877,131879],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131874,139],{"class":138},[47,131876,117],{"class":61},[47,131878,35117],{"class":113},[47,131880,132],{"class":61},[244,131882,131884],{"id":131883},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131886,131887,131888,110],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131889,126781],{},[20,131891,131892],{},"Problem:",[38,131894,131896],{"className":40,"code":131895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131897,131898,131932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131899,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131901,35096],{"class":53},[47,131903,58],{"class":57},[47,131905,78],{"class":65},[47,131907,45318],{"class":69},[47,131909,131118],{"class":349},[47,131911,90271],{"class":69},[47,131913,66],{"class":65},[47,131915,110],{"class":61},[47,131917,130501],{"class":113},[47,131919,117],{"class":61},[47,131921,480],{"class":9818},[47,131923,58],{"class":57},[47,131925,66],{"class":65},[47,131927,8322],{"class":69},[47,131929,66],{"class":65},[47,131931,132],{"class":61},[47,131933,131934,131936,131938,131940],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131935,139],{"class":138},[47,131937,117],{"class":61},[47,131939,35117],{"class":113},[47,131941,132],{"class":61},[20,131943,131824],{},[38,131945,131947],{"className":40,"code":131946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131948,131949,131983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131950,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977,131979,131981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131952,35096],{"class":53},[47,131954,58],{"class":57},[47,131956,78],{"class":65},[47,131958,45318],{"class":69},[47,131960,131118],{"class":349},[47,131962,90271],{"class":69},[47,131964,66],{"class":65},[47,131966,110],{"class":61},[47,131968,130501],{"class":113},[47,131970,117],{"class":61},[47,131972,70],{"class":9818},[47,131974,58],{"class":57},[47,131976,66],{"class":65},[47,131978,8322],{"class":69},[47,131980,66],{"class":65},[47,131982,132],{"class":61},[47,131984,131985,131987,131989,131991],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,131986,139],{"class":138},[47,131988,117],{"class":61},[47,131990,35117],{"class":113},[47,131992,132],{"class":61},[244,131994,1968,131996,131998],{"id":131995},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131997,126781],{}," to change the original string",[20,132000,132001,132003],{},[15,132002,126781],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,132005,131892],{},[38,132007,132009],{"className":40,"code":132008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132010,132011,132025,132043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132012,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132014,35096],{"class":53},[47,132016,58],{"class":57},[47,132018,78],{"class":65},[47,132020,45318],{"class":69},[47,132022,811],{"class":349},[47,132024,689],{"class":65},[47,132026,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132028,35117],{"class":53},[47,132030,110],{"class":61},[47,132032,130501],{"class":113},[47,132034,117],{"class":61},[47,132036,66],{"class":65},[47,132038,8322],{"class":69},[47,132040,66],{"class":65},[47,132042,132],{"class":61},[47,132044,132045,132047,132049,132051],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,132046,139],{"class":138},[47,132048,117],{"class":61},[47,132050,35117],{"class":113},[47,132052,132],{"class":61},[20,132054,132055],{},[278,132056,372],{},[38,132058,132060],{"className":40,"code":132059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, {}\n",[15,132061,132062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132063,132064,132066,132068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132065,35276],{"class":53},[47,132067,75],{"class":61},[47,132069,10476],{"class":61},[20,132071,131824],{},[38,132073,132075],{"className":40,"code":132074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132076,132077,132091,132113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132078,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132080,35096],{"class":53},[47,132082,58],{"class":57},[47,132084,78],{"class":65},[47,132086,45318],{"class":69},[47,132088,811],{"class":349},[47,132090,689],{"class":65},[47,132092,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132094,35096],{"class":53},[47,132096,58],{"class":57},[47,132098,43257],{"class":53},[47,132100,110],{"class":61},[47,132102,130501],{"class":113},[47,132104,117],{"class":61},[47,132106,66],{"class":65},[47,132108,8322],{"class":69},[47,132110,66],{"class":65},[47,132112,132],{"class":61},[47,132114,132115,132117,132119,132121],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,132116,139],{"class":138},[47,132118,117],{"class":61},[47,132120,35117],{"class":113},[47,132122,132],{"class":61},[244,132124,5348,132126,132128],{"id":132125},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,132127,126781],{}," returns a new string",[20,132130,132131],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[244,132133,132135],{"id":132134},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,132137,132138],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132140,132141,132142,132144],{},"Use simple ",[15,132143,811],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132146,132147,132148,110],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[210,132149,90829],{"href":90828},[33,132151,68318],{"id":68317},[20,132153,132154],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[38,132156,132158],{"className":40,"code":132157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132159,132160,132170,132184,132213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132161,132162,132164,132166,132168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132163,139],{"class":138},[47,132165,117],{"class":61},[47,132167,35117],{"class":113},[47,132169,132],{"class":61},[47,132171,132172,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132173,139],{"class":138},[47,132175,117],{"class":61},[47,132177,2392],{"class":106},[47,132179,117],{"class":61},[47,132181,259],{"class":113},[47,132183,2266],{"class":61},[47,132185,132186,132188,132190,132192,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,132187,139],{"class":138},[47,132189,117],{"class":61},[47,132191,66],{"class":65},[47,132193,132194],{"class":69},"Hello ",[47,132196,811],{"class":349},[47,132198,66],{"class":65},[47,132200,110],{"class":61},[47,132202,130501],{"class":113},[47,132204,117],{"class":61},[47,132206,66],{"class":65},[47,132208,8322],{"class":69},[47,132210,66],{"class":65},[47,132212,2266],{"class":61},[47,132214,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,132216,32559],{"class":138},[47,132218,117],{"class":61},[47,132220,4093],{"class":106},[47,132222,110],{"class":61},[47,132224,130501],{"class":25153},[47,132226,132],{"class":61},[20,132228,132229],{},"Use them to check:",[174,132231,132232,132235,132238,132241],{},[177,132233,132234],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[177,132236,132237],{},"what type your value has",[177,132239,132240],{},"whether a small test example works",[177,132242,132243,132244],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132245,132246],{},"str.format",[33,132248,2429],{"id":2428},[244,132250,130282,132252,13344],{"id":132251},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132253,126781],{},[20,132255,132256],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[244,132258,132260],{"id":132259},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132262,132263,132264,132266],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132265,811],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[244,132268,132270,132271,3143],{"id":132269},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132272,126781],{},[20,132274,132275,132276,132279],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132277,132278],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[244,132281,15516,132283,132285],{"id":132282},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132284,126781],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132287,132288,132289,132291],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132290,126781],{}," is still useful and common.",[33,132293,2526],{"id":2525},[174,132295,132296,132300,132304,132310,132316],{},[177,132297,132298],{},[210,132299,125533],{"href":51394},[177,132301,132302],{},[210,132303,91106],{"href":90115},[177,132305,132306],{},[210,132307,4226,132308,4159],{"href":46866},[15,132309,46869],{},[177,132311,132312],{},[210,132313,4226,132314,4159],{"href":42590},[15,132315,48101],{},[177,132317,132318],{},[210,132319,90829],{"href":90828},[2563,132321,132322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":132324},[132325,132326,132328,132329,132330,132331,132332,132333,132335,132344,132345,132354],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":130568,"depth":98,"text":132327},"What the format() method does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":130849,"depth":98,"text":130850},{"id":131111,"depth":98,"text":131112},{"id":131342,"depth":98,"text":131343},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":131645,"depth":98,"text":132334},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":132336},[132337,132338,132339,132341,132343],{"id":131766,"depth":135,"text":131767},{"id":131883,"depth":135,"text":131884},{"id":131995,"depth":135,"text":132340},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132125,"depth":135,"text":132342},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132134,"depth":135,"text":132135},{"id":68317,"depth":98,"text":68318},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":132346},[132347,132349,132350,132352],{"id":132251,"depth":135,"text":132348},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132259,"depth":135,"text":132260},{"id":132269,"depth":135,"text":132351},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132282,"depth":135,"text":132353},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130428,"description":132355},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132362,"title":132363,"body":132364,"description":133844,"extension":2611,"meta":133845,"navigation":357,"path":133846,"seo":133847,"stem":133848,"__hash__":133849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132365,"toc":133816},[132366,132371,132376,132381,132383,132445,132452,132458,132463,132465,132481,132483,132554,132556,132570,132573,132623,132625,132627,132654,132657,132672,132675,132716,132719,132764,132771,132820,132822,132830,132832,132850,132852,132945,132953,132994,132999,133006,133012,133019,133022,133026,133127,133129,133151,133155,133208,133211,133214,133220,133227,133229,133268,133270,133288,133298,133305,133388,133391,133398,133405,133412,133416,133424,133470,133474,133483,133548,133553,133558,133569,133571,133576,133603,133605,133708,133711,133731,133733,133738,133741,133745,133749,133756,133765,133771,133774,133780,133782,133784,133813],[10,132367,123778,132369,18],{"id":132368},"python-string-index-method",[15,132370,59389],{},[20,132372,123783,132373,132375],{},[15,132374,59389],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132377,132378,132379,110],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132380,41118],{},[33,132382,36],{"id":35},[38,132384,132386],{"className":40,"code":132385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132387,132388,132400,132422,132432,132436,132440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132389,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132391,35096],{"class":53},[47,132393,58],{"class":57},[47,132395,78],{"class":65},[47,132397,60828],{"class":69},[47,132399,689],{"class":65},[47,132401,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132403,65342],{"class":53},[47,132405,58],{"class":57},[47,132407,43257],{"class":53},[47,132409,110],{"class":61},[47,132411,36256],{"class":113},[47,132413,117],{"class":61},[47,132415,66],{"class":65},[47,132417,61013],{"class":69},[47,132419,66],{"class":65},[47,132421,132],{"class":61},[47,132423,132424,132426,132428,132430],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,132425,139],{"class":138},[47,132427,117],{"class":61},[47,132429,65369],{"class":113},[47,132431,132],{"class":61},[47,132433,132434],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,132435,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,132437,132438],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,132439,91247],{"class":152},[47,132441,132442],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,132443,132444],{"class":152},"# 6\n",[20,132446,156,132447,132449,132450,110],{},[15,132448,59389],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132451,41118],{},[33,132453,164,132455,167],{"id":132454},"what-strindex-does",[15,132456,132457],{},"str.index()",[20,132459,132460,132462],{},[15,132461,132457],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132464,13677],{},[174,132466,132467,132470,132473,132476],{},[177,132468,132469],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[177,132471,132472],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[177,132474,132475],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[177,132477,30699,132478,132480],{},[15,132479,41118],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132482,603],{},[38,132484,132486],{"className":40,"code":132485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132487,132488,132500,132504,132529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132489,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132491,35096],{"class":53},[47,132493,58],{"class":57},[47,132495,78],{"class":65},[47,132497,4729],{"class":69},[47,132499,689],{"class":65},[47,132501,132502],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132503,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,132505,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,132507,139],{"class":138},[47,132509,117],{"class":61},[47,132511,35117],{"class":113},[47,132513,110],{"class":61},[47,132515,36256],{"class":113},[47,132517,117],{"class":61},[47,132519,66],{"class":65},[47,132521,210],{"class":69},[47,132523,66],{"class":65},[47,132525,6006],{"class":61},[47,132527,132528],{"class":152},"     # 1\n",[47,132530,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,132532,139],{"class":138},[47,132534,117],{"class":61},[47,132536,35117],{"class":113},[47,132538,110],{"class":61},[47,132540,36256],{"class":113},[47,132542,117],{"class":61},[47,132544,66],{"class":65},[47,132546,123871],{"class":69},[47,132548,66],{"class":65},[47,132550,6006],{"class":61},[47,132552,132553],{"class":152},"    # 2\n",[20,132555,2827],{},[174,132557,132558,132564],{},[177,132559,132560,128991,132562],{},[15,132561,994],{},[15,132563,917],{},[177,132565,132566,128991,132568],{},[15,132567,128990],{},[15,132569,2705],{},[20,132571,132572],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[38,132574,132576],{"className":40,"code":132575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132577,132578,132590,132594,132618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132579,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132581,35096],{"class":53},[47,132583,58],{"class":57},[47,132585,78],{"class":65},[47,132587,35276],{"class":69},[47,132589,689],{"class":65},[47,132591,132592],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132593,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,132595,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,132597,139],{"class":138},[47,132599,117],{"class":61},[47,132601,35117],{"class":113},[47,132603,110],{"class":61},[47,132605,36256],{"class":113},[47,132607,117],{"class":61},[47,132609,66],{"class":65},[47,132611,51610],{"class":69},[47,132613,66],{"class":65},[47,132615,6006],{"class":61},[47,132617,21169],{"class":152},[47,132619,132620],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,132621,132622],{"class":152},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[33,132624,2806],{"id":2805},[20,132626,2809],{},[38,132628,132630],{"className":40,"code":132629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132631,132632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132633,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132635,61596],{"class":53},[47,132637,110],{"class":61},[47,132639,36256],{"class":113},[47,132641,117],{"class":61},[47,132643,259],{"class":113},[47,132645,75],{"class":61},[47,132647,36462],{"class":113},[47,132649,75],{"class":61},[47,132651,65463],{"class":113},[47,132653,132],{"class":61},[20,132655,132656],{},"Parameters:",[174,132658,132659,132663,132667],{},[177,132660,132661,123970],{},[15,132662,259],{},[177,132664,132665,129037],{},[15,132666,36483],{},[177,132668,132669,132671],{},[15,132670,53080],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132673,132674],{},"You can use just the value:",[38,132676,132678],{"className":40,"code":132677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132679,132680,132692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132681,132682,132684,132686,132688,132690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132683,35096],{"class":53},[47,132685,58],{"class":57},[47,132687,78],{"class":65},[47,132689,42],{"class":69},[47,132691,689],{"class":65},[47,132693,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132695,139],{"class":138},[47,132697,117],{"class":61},[47,132699,35117],{"class":113},[47,132701,110],{"class":61},[47,132703,36256],{"class":113},[47,132705,117],{"class":61},[47,132707,66],{"class":65},[47,132709,63709],{"class":69},[47,132711,66],{"class":65},[47,132713,6006],{"class":61},[47,132715,51834],{"class":152},[20,132717,132718],{},"Or include a start position:",[38,132720,132722],{"className":40,"code":132721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132723,132724,132736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132725,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132727,35096],{"class":53},[47,132729,58],{"class":57},[47,132731,78],{"class":65},[47,132733,4729],{"class":69},[47,132735,689],{"class":65},[47,132737,132738,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132739,139],{"class":138},[47,132741,117],{"class":61},[47,132743,35117],{"class":113},[47,132745,110],{"class":61},[47,132747,36256],{"class":113},[47,132749,117],{"class":61},[47,132751,66],{"class":65},[47,132753,210],{"class":69},[47,132755,66],{"class":65},[47,132757,75],{"class":61},[47,132759,2409],{"class":349},[47,132761,6006],{"class":61},[47,132763,51189],{"class":152},[20,132765,132766,132767,5036,132769,172],{},"Or include both ",[15,132768,36483],{},[15,132770,53080],{},[38,132772,132774],{"className":40,"code":132773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132775,132776,132788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132777,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132779,35096],{"class":53},[47,132781,58],{"class":57},[47,132783,78],{"class":65},[47,132785,4729],{"class":69},[47,132787,689],{"class":65},[47,132789,132790,132792,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802,132804,132806,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816,132818],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132791,139],{"class":138},[47,132793,117],{"class":61},[47,132795,35117],{"class":113},[47,132797,110],{"class":61},[47,132799,36256],{"class":113},[47,132801,117],{"class":61},[47,132803,66],{"class":65},[47,132805,210],{"class":69},[47,132807,66],{"class":65},[47,132809,75],{"class":61},[47,132811,2409],{"class":349},[47,132813,75],{"class":61},[47,132815,5249],{"class":349},[47,132817,6006],{"class":61},[47,132819,51189],{"class":152},[33,132821,38433],{"id":38432},[20,132823,29113,132824,132826,132827,110],{},[15,132825,59389],{}," is a ",[278,132828,132829],{},"zero-based index",[20,132831,2756],{},[174,132833,132834,132840,132845],{},[177,132835,132836,132837,132839],{},"Index ",[15,132838,436],{}," is the first character",[177,132841,132836,132842,132844],{},[15,132843,917],{}," is the second character",[177,132846,132836,132847,132849],{},[15,132848,2705],{}," is the third character",[20,132851,603],{},[38,132853,132855],{"className":40,"code":132854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132856,132857,132869,132873,132897,132921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132858,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132860,35096],{"class":53},[47,132862,58],{"class":57},[47,132864,78],{"class":65},[47,132866,37459],{"class":69},[47,132868,689],{"class":65},[47,132870,132871],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132872,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,132874,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,132876,139],{"class":138},[47,132878,117],{"class":61},[47,132880,35117],{"class":113},[47,132882,110],{"class":61},[47,132884,36256],{"class":113},[47,132886,117],{"class":61},[47,132888,66],{"class":65},[47,132890,863],{"class":69},[47,132892,66],{"class":65},[47,132894,6006],{"class":61},[47,132896,51666],{"class":152},[47,132898,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,132900,139],{"class":138},[47,132902,117],{"class":61},[47,132904,35117],{"class":113},[47,132906,110],{"class":61},[47,132908,36256],{"class":113},[47,132910,117],{"class":61},[47,132912,66],{"class":65},[47,132914,210],{"class":69},[47,132916,66],{"class":65},[47,132918,6006],{"class":61},[47,132920,28184],{"class":152},[47,132922,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,132924,139],{"class":138},[47,132926,117],{"class":61},[47,132928,35117],{"class":113},[47,132930,110],{"class":61},[47,132932,36256],{"class":113},[47,132934,117],{"class":61},[47,132936,66],{"class":65},[47,132938,63709],{"class":69},[47,132940,66],{"class":65},[47,132942,6006],{"class":61},[47,132944,51834],{"class":152},[20,132946,132947,132949,132950,132952],{},[15,132948,59389],{}," returns only the ",[278,132951,30314],{}," matching position.",[38,132954,132956],{"className":40,"code":132955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132957,132958,132970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132959,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132961,35096],{"class":53},[47,132963,58],{"class":57},[47,132965,78],{"class":65},[47,132967,4729],{"class":69},[47,132969,689],{"class":65},[47,132971,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,132973,139],{"class":138},[47,132975,117],{"class":61},[47,132977,35117],{"class":113},[47,132979,110],{"class":61},[47,132981,36256],{"class":113},[47,132983,117],{"class":61},[47,132985,66],{"class":65},[47,132987,210],{"class":69},[47,132989,66],{"class":65},[47,132991,6006],{"class":61},[47,132993,28184],{"class":152},[20,132995,21379,132996,132998],{},[15,132997,994],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,133000,133001,133002,110],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[210,133003,133004,1637],{"href":125228},[15,133005,59011],{},[33,133007,453,133008,5036,133010],{"id":65829},[15,133009,36483],{},[15,133011,53080],{},[20,133013,2628,133014,5036,133016,133018],{},[15,133015,36483],{},[15,133017,53080],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,133020,133021],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,133023,46457,133024,172],{},[15,133025,36483],{},[38,133027,133029],{"className":40,"code":133028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,133030,133031,133043,133047,133071,133099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133032,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133034,35096],{"class":53},[47,133036,58],{"class":57},[47,133038,78],{"class":65},[47,133040,4729],{"class":69},[47,133042,689],{"class":65},[47,133044,133045],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133046,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,133048,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,133050,139],{"class":138},[47,133052,117],{"class":61},[47,133054,35117],{"class":113},[47,133056,110],{"class":61},[47,133058,36256],{"class":113},[47,133060,117],{"class":61},[47,133062,66],{"class":65},[47,133064,210],{"class":69},[47,133066,66],{"class":65},[47,133068,6006],{"class":61},[47,133070,51539],{"class":152},[47,133072,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,133074,139],{"class":138},[47,133076,117],{"class":61},[47,133078,35117],{"class":113},[47,133080,110],{"class":61},[47,133082,36256],{"class":113},[47,133084,117],{"class":61},[47,133086,66],{"class":65},[47,133088,210],{"class":69},[47,133090,66],{"class":65},[47,133092,75],{"class":61},[47,133094,2409],{"class":349},[47,133096,6006],{"class":61},[47,133098,51388],{"class":152},[47,133100,133101,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121,133123,133125],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,133102,139],{"class":138},[47,133104,117],{"class":61},[47,133106,35117],{"class":113},[47,133108,110],{"class":61},[47,133110,36256],{"class":113},[47,133112,117],{"class":61},[47,133114,66],{"class":65},[47,133116,210],{"class":69},[47,133118,66],{"class":65},[47,133120,75],{"class":61},[47,133122,3108],{"class":349},[47,133124,6006],{"class":61},[47,133126,51172],{"class":152},[20,133128,20358],{},[174,133130,133131,133138,133144],{},[177,133132,133133,133134,66019,133136],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,133135,994],{},[15,133137,917],{},[177,133139,133140,133141,133143],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133142,2705],{}," skips that first match",[177,133145,133140,133146,133148,133149],{},[15,133147,3156],{}," finds the last ",[15,133150,994],{},[20,133152,46457,133153,172],{},[15,133154,53080],{},[38,133156,133158],{"className":40,"code":133157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133159,133160,133172,133176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133161,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133163,35096],{"class":53},[47,133165,58],{"class":57},[47,133167,78],{"class":65},[47,133169,4729],{"class":69},[47,133171,689],{"class":65},[47,133173,133174],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133175,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,133177,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,133179,139],{"class":138},[47,133181,117],{"class":61},[47,133183,35117],{"class":113},[47,133185,110],{"class":61},[47,133187,36256],{"class":113},[47,133189,117],{"class":61},[47,133191,66],{"class":65},[47,133193,76453],{"class":69},[47,133195,66],{"class":65},[47,133197,75],{"class":61},[47,133199,350],{"class":349},[47,133201,75],{"class":61},[47,133203,3108],{"class":349},[47,133205,6006],{"class":61},[47,133207,51834],{"class":152},[20,133209,133210],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133212,133213],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[33,133215,44629,133217,133219],{"id":133216},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133218,59389],{}," causes an error",[20,133221,133222,133223,52914,133225,110],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133224,59389],{},[15,133226,41118],{},[20,133228,603],{},[38,133230,133232],{"className":40,"code":133231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133233,133234,133246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133235,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133237,35096],{"class":53},[47,133239,58],{"class":57},[47,133241,78],{"class":65},[47,133243,4492],{"class":69},[47,133245,689],{"class":65},[47,133247,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133249,139],{"class":138},[47,133251,117],{"class":61},[47,133253,35117],{"class":113},[47,133255,110],{"class":61},[47,133257,36256],{"class":113},[47,133259,117],{"class":61},[47,133261,66],{"class":65},[47,133263,22479],{"class":69},[47,133265,66],{"class":65},[47,133267,2266],{"class":61},[20,133269,372],{},[38,133271,133273],{"className":40,"code":133272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133274,133275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133276,133277,133279,133281,133284,133286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133278,41118],{"class":106},[47,133280,172],{"class":61},[47,133282,133283],{"class":53}," substring ",[47,133285,1369],{"class":57},[47,133287,66252],{"class":53},[20,133289,53761,133290,126744,133295,133297],{},[210,133291,133292],{"href":130422},[15,133293,133294],{},"str.find()",[15,133296,66277],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133299,133300,133301,5036,133303,172],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133302,30209],{},[15,133304,30240],{},[38,133306,133308],{"className":40,"code":133307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133309,133310,133322,133326,133332,133355,133365,133373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133311,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133313,35096],{"class":53},[47,133315,58],{"class":57},[47,133317,78],{"class":65},[47,133319,4492],{"class":69},[47,133321,689],{"class":65},[47,133323,133324],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133325,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,133327,133328,133330],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,133329,30209],{"class":1107},[47,133331,7038],{"class":61},[47,133333,133334,133337,133339,133341,133343,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,133335,133336],{"class":53},"    position ",[47,133338,58],{"class":57},[47,133340,43257],{"class":53},[47,133342,110],{"class":61},[47,133344,36256],{"class":113},[47,133346,117],{"class":61},[47,133348,66],{"class":65},[47,133350,22479],{"class":69},[47,133352,66],{"class":65},[47,133354,132],{"class":61},[47,133356,133357,133359,133361,133363],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,133358,8715],{"class":138},[47,133360,117],{"class":61},[47,133362,65369],{"class":113},[47,133364,132],{"class":61},[47,133366,133367,133369,133371],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,133368,30240],{"class":1107},[47,133370,42341],{"class":106},[47,133372,7038],{"class":61},[47,133374,133375,133377,133379,133381,133384,133386],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,133376,8715],{"class":138},[47,133378,117],{"class":61},[47,133380,66],{"class":65},[47,133382,133383],{"class":69},"Substring not found",[47,133385,66],{"class":65},[47,133387,132],{"class":61},[20,133389,133390],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133392,42361,133393,110],{},[210,133394,26083,133396],{"href":133395},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133397,129749],{},[33,133399,133401,11222,133403],{"id":133400},"index-vs-find",[15,133402,59389],{},[15,133404,124773],{},[20,133406,133407,5036,133409,133411],{},[15,133408,59389],{},[15,133410,124773],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[244,133413,133414],{"id":36256},[15,133415,59389],{},[174,133417,133418,133421],{},[177,133419,133420],{},"Returns the first match position",[177,133422,133423],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[38,133425,133427],{"className":40,"code":133426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133428,133429,133441,133465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133430,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133432,35096],{"class":53},[47,133434,58],{"class":57},[47,133436,78],{"class":65},[47,133438,4492],{"class":69},[47,133440,689],{"class":65},[47,133442,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133444,139],{"class":138},[47,133446,117],{"class":61},[47,133448,35117],{"class":113},[47,133450,110],{"class":61},[47,133452,36256],{"class":113},[47,133454,117],{"class":61},[47,133456,66],{"class":65},[47,133458,60869],{"class":69},[47,133460,66],{"class":65},[47,133462,6006],{"class":61},[47,133464,28184],{"class":152},[47,133466,133467],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,133468,133469],{"class":152},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[244,133471,133472],{"id":128803},[15,133473,124773],{},[174,133475,133476,133478],{},[177,133477,133420],{},[177,133479,12057,133480,133482],{},[15,133481,66277],{}," if nothing is found",[38,133484,133486],{"className":40,"code":133485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133487,133488,133500,133524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133489,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133491,35096],{"class":53},[47,133493,58],{"class":57},[47,133495,78],{"class":65},[47,133497,4492],{"class":69},[47,133499,689],{"class":65},[47,133501,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518,133520,133522],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133503,139],{"class":138},[47,133505,117],{"class":61},[47,133507,35117],{"class":113},[47,133509,110],{"class":61},[47,133511,128803],{"class":113},[47,133513,117],{"class":61},[47,133515,66],{"class":65},[47,133517,60869],{"class":69},[47,133519,66],{"class":65},[47,133521,6006],{"class":61},[47,133523,28184],{"class":152},[47,133525,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,133527,139],{"class":138},[47,133529,117],{"class":61},[47,133531,35117],{"class":113},[47,133533,110],{"class":61},[47,133535,128803],{"class":113},[47,133537,117],{"class":61},[47,133539,66],{"class":65},[47,133541,22479],{"class":69},[47,133543,66],{"class":65},[47,133545,6006],{"class":61},[47,133547,129159],{"class":152},[20,133549,156,133550,133552],{},[15,133551,59389],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133554,156,133555,133557],{},[15,133556,124773],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133559,133560,133561,3530,133566,110],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[210,133562,133563,133565],{"href":130422},[15,133564,133294],{}," method reference",[210,133567,127814],{"href":133568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[33,133570,1641],{"id":1640},[20,133572,133573,133574,172],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133575,59389],{},[174,133577,133578,133581,133588,133593,133598],{},[177,133579,133580],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[177,133582,1968,133583,9100,133585,133587],{},[15,133584,59389],{},[15,133586,66277],{}," when no match exists",[177,133589,453,133590,133592],{},[15,133591,59389],{}," on a value that may not be present",[177,133594,133595,133596],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133597,917],{},[177,133599,5223,133600,133602],{},[15,133601,59389],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133604,62717],{},[38,133606,133608],{"className":40,"code":133607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133609,133610,133620,133634,133656,133678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133611,133612,133614,133616,133618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133613,139],{"class":138},[47,133615,117],{"class":61},[47,133617,35117],{"class":113},[47,133619,132],{"class":61},[47,133621,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133623,139],{"class":138},[47,133625,117],{"class":61},[47,133627,42194],{"class":138},[47,133629,117],{"class":61},[47,133631,35117],{"class":113},[47,133633,2266],{"class":61},[47,133635,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,133637,139],{"class":138},[47,133639,117],{"class":61},[47,133641,35117],{"class":113},[47,133643,110],{"class":61},[47,133645,36256],{"class":113},[47,133647,117],{"class":61},[47,133649,66],{"class":65},[47,133651,259],{"class":69},[47,133653,66],{"class":65},[47,133655,2266],{"class":61},[47,133657,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674,133676],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,133659,139],{"class":138},[47,133661,117],{"class":61},[47,133663,35117],{"class":113},[47,133665,110],{"class":61},[47,133667,128803],{"class":113},[47,133669,117],{"class":61},[47,133671,66],{"class":65},[47,133673,259],{"class":69},[47,133675,66],{"class":65},[47,133677,2266],{"class":61},[47,133679,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,133681,139],{"class":138},[47,133683,117],{"class":61},[47,133685,35117],{"class":113},[47,133687,110],{"class":61},[47,133689,36256],{"class":113},[47,133691,117],{"class":61},[47,133693,66],{"class":65},[47,133695,259],{"class":69},[47,133697,66],{"class":65},[47,133699,75],{"class":61},[47,133701,36462],{"class":113},[47,133703,75],{"class":61},[47,133705,65463],{"class":113},[47,133707,2266],{"class":61},[20,133709,133710],{},"Tips:",[174,133712,133713,133718,133723,133726],{},[177,133714,156,133715,133717],{},[15,133716,126700],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[177,133719,156,133720,133722],{},[15,133721,124773],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[177,133724,133725],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[177,133727,133728,133729],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133730,436],{},[33,133732,2429],{"id":2428},[244,133734,130282,133736,13344],{"id":133735},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133737,59389],{},[20,133739,133740],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[244,133742,133744],{"id":133743},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133746,77281,133747,110],{},[15,133748,41118],{},[244,133750,5823,133752,5036,133754,3143],{"id":133751},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133753,59389],{},[15,133755,124773],{},[20,133757,133758,133760,133761,3048,133763,7275],{},[15,133759,59389],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133762,124773],{},[15,133764,66277],{},[244,133766,5813,133768,133770],{"id":133767},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133769,59389],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133772,133773],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[244,133775,133777,133778,125114],{"id":133776},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133779,59389],{},[20,133781,130307],{},[33,133783,2526],{"id":2525},[174,133785,133786,133792,133796,133801,133807],{},[177,133787,133788],{},[210,133789,133790,1637],{"href":130422},[15,133791,133294],{},[177,133793,133794],{},[210,133795,125177],{"href":133568},[177,133797,133798],{},[210,133799,130383],{"href":133800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[177,133802,133803],{},[210,133804,133805,1637],{"href":125228},[15,133806,59011],{},[177,133808,133809],{},[210,133810,30753,133811],{"href":133395},[15,133812,129749],{},[2563,133814,133815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":133817},[133818,133819,133821,133822,133823,133824,133826,133831,133832,133843],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":132454,"depth":98,"text":133820},"What str.index() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":38432,"depth":98,"text":38433},{"id":65829,"depth":98,"text":66612},{"id":133216,"depth":98,"text":133825},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133400,"depth":98,"text":133827,"children":133828},"index() vs find()",[133829,133830],{"id":36256,"depth":135,"text":59389},{"id":128803,"depth":135,"text":124773},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":133833},[133834,133836,133837,133839,133841],{"id":133735,"depth":135,"text":133835},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133743,"depth":135,"text":133744},{"id":133751,"depth":135,"text":133838},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133767,"depth":135,"text":133840},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133776,"depth":135,"text":133842},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132363,"description":133844},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133851,"title":133852,"body":133853,"description":136628,"extension":2611,"meta":136629,"navigation":357,"path":136630,"seo":136631,"stem":136632,"__hash__":136633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133854,"toc":136564},[133855,133861,133866,133869,133872,133883,133885,133954,133956,133970,133975,133980,133985,133987,134030,134032,134115,134117,134163,134169,134171,134173,134193,134195,134218,134220,134294,134296,134315,134320,134322,134326,134398,134400,134414,134418,134494,134496,134515,134519,134613,134615,134624,134631,134707,134709,134727,134731,134734,134741,134790,134792,134801,134808,134867,134869,134887,134890,134897,134956,134958,134976,134983,135040,135042,135051,135055,135060,135064,135123,135125,135143,135147,135194,135199,135202,135271,135273,135290,135297,135303,135358,135363,135366,135443,135445,135463,135469,135475,135535,135537,135556,135562,135565,135572,135625,135630,135632,135693,135702,135709,135711,135768,135773,135775,135846,135850,135905,135907,135916,135921,135927,135996,135998,136030,136036,136044,136051,136057,136122,136124,136133,136139,136220,136222,136231,136236,136250,136257,136261,136266,136294,136296,136429,136432,136469,136471,136477,136486,136491,136494,136499,136504,136510,136513,136522,136525,136527,136556,136561],[10,133856,123778,133858,18],{"id":133857},"python-string-join-method",[15,133859,133860],{},"join()",[20,133862,123783,133863,133865],{},[15,133864,133860],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133867,133868],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133870,133871],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[174,133873,133874,133880],{},[177,133875,133876,133877,133879],{},"You call ",[15,133878,133860],{}," on the separator string",[177,133881,133882],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[33,133884,4260],{"id":4259},[38,133886,133888],{"className":40,"code":133887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133889,133890,133923,133944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133891,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916,133919,133921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133893,4711],{"class":53},[47,133895,58],{"class":57},[47,133897,62],{"class":61},[47,133899,66],{"class":65},[47,133901,7942],{"class":69},[47,133903,66],{"class":65},[47,133905,75],{"class":61},[47,133907,78],{"class":65},[47,133909,12822],{"class":69},[47,133911,66],{"class":65},[47,133913,75],{"class":61},[47,133915,78],{"class":65},[47,133917,133918],{"class":69},"fun",[47,133920,66],{"class":65},[47,133922,95],{"class":61},[47,133924,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133938,133940,133942],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,133926,2879],{"class":53},[47,133928,58],{"class":57},[47,133930,78],{"class":65},[47,133932,78],{"class":65},[47,133934,110],{"class":61},[47,133936,133937],{"class":113},"join",[47,133939,117],{"class":61},[47,133941,4755],{"class":113},[47,133943,132],{"class":61},[47,133945,133946,133948,133950,133952],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,133947,139],{"class":138},[47,133949,117],{"class":61},[47,133951,2914],{"class":113},[47,133953,132],{"class":61},[20,133955,372],{},[38,133957,133959],{"className":40,"code":133958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is fun\n",[15,133960,133961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133962,133963,133965,133967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133964,4226],{"class":53},[47,133966,12822],{"class":57},[47,133968,133969],{"class":53}," fun\n",[20,133971,156,133972,133974],{},[15,133973,133860],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[33,133976,164,133978,167],{"id":133977},"what-join-does",[15,133979,133860],{},[20,133981,133982,133984],{},[15,133983,133860],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133986,12092],{},[174,133988,133989,133996,134024,134027],{},[177,133990,133991,133992,133995],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133993,133994],{},".join()"," as the separator",[177,133997,133998,133999],{},"Common separators are:\n",[174,134000,134001,134007,134013,134019],{},[177,134002,134003,134006],{},[15,134004,134005],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[177,134008,134009,134012],{},[15,134010,134011],{},"\", \""," for commas",[177,134014,134015,134018],{},[15,134016,134017],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[177,134020,134021,134023],{},[15,134022,6916],{}," for no separator",[177,134025,134026],{},"It returns a new string",[177,134028,134029],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,134031,603],{},[38,134033,134035],{"className":40,"code":134034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,134036,134037,134069,134091,134095,134105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134038,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134040,4711],{"class":53},[47,134042,58],{"class":57},[47,134044,62],{"class":61},[47,134046,66],{"class":65},[47,134048,305],{"class":69},[47,134050,66],{"class":65},[47,134052,75],{"class":61},[47,134054,78],{"class":65},[47,134056,314],{"class":69},[47,134058,66],{"class":65},[47,134060,75],{"class":61},[47,134062,78],{"class":65},[47,134064,323],{"class":69},[47,134066,66],{"class":65},[47,134068,95],{"class":61},[47,134070,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134072,2879],{"class":53},[47,134074,58],{"class":57},[47,134076,78],{"class":65},[47,134078,2838],{"class":69},[47,134080,66],{"class":65},[47,134082,110],{"class":61},[47,134084,133937],{"class":113},[47,134086,117],{"class":61},[47,134088,4755],{"class":113},[47,134090,132],{"class":61},[47,134092,134093],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,134094,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,134096,134097,134099,134101,134103],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,134098,139],{"class":138},[47,134100,117],{"class":61},[47,134102,2914],{"class":113},[47,134104,132],{"class":61},[47,134106,134107,134109,134111,134113],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,134108,139],{"class":138},[47,134110,117],{"class":61},[47,134112,4755],{"class":113},[47,134114,132],{"class":61},[20,134116,372],{},[38,134118,134120],{"className":40,"code":134119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,134121,134122,134135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134123,134124,134126,134128,134131,134133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134125,305],{"class":53},[47,134127,75],{"class":61},[47,134129,134130],{"class":53}," green",[47,134132,75],{"class":61},[47,134134,36291],{"class":53},[47,134136,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134138,669],{"class":61},[47,134140,385],{"class":65},[47,134142,305],{"class":69},[47,134144,385],{"class":65},[47,134146,75],{"class":61},[47,134148,398],{"class":65},[47,134150,314],{"class":69},[47,134152,385],{"class":65},[47,134154,75],{"class":61},[47,134156,398],{"class":65},[47,134158,323],{"class":69},[47,134160,385],{"class":65},[47,134162,95],{"class":61},[20,134164,134165,134166,134168],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,134167,133860],{}," creates a new string.",[33,134170,2806],{"id":2805},[20,134172,7863],{},[38,134174,134176],{"className":40,"code":134175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,134177,134178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134179,134180,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134181,134182],{"class":53},"separator",[47,134184,110],{"class":61},[47,134186,133937],{"class":113},[47,134188,117],{"class":61},[47,134190,235],{"class":113},[47,134192,132],{"class":61},[244,134194,49428],{"id":49427},[174,134196,134197,134210,134215],{},[177,134198,134199,134201,134202,2838,134204,2838,134206,2842,134208],{},[15,134200,134182],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134203,134005],{},[15,134205,134011],{},[15,134207,134017],{},[15,134209,6916],{},[177,134211,134212,134214],{},[15,134213,235],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[177,134216,134217],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134219,603],{},[38,134221,134223],{"className":40,"code":134222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134224,134225,134257,134280,134284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134226,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134228,5638],{"class":53},[47,134230,58],{"class":57},[47,134232,62],{"class":61},[47,134234,66],{"class":65},[47,134236,13508],{"class":69},[47,134238,66],{"class":65},[47,134240,75],{"class":61},[47,134242,78],{"class":65},[47,134244,36351],{"class":69},[47,134246,66],{"class":65},[47,134248,75],{"class":61},[47,134250,78],{"class":65},[47,134252,36360],{"class":69},[47,134254,66],{"class":65},[47,134256,95],{"class":61},[47,134258,134259,134261,134263,134265,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134260,2879],{"class":53},[47,134262,58],{"class":57},[47,134264,78],{"class":65},[47,134266,134267],{"class":69}," | ",[47,134269,66],{"class":65},[47,134271,110],{"class":61},[47,134273,133937],{"class":113},[47,134275,117],{"class":61},[47,134277,5682],{"class":113},[47,134279,132],{"class":61},[47,134281,134282],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,134283,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,134285,134286,134288,134290,134292],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,134287,139],{"class":138},[47,134289,117],{"class":61},[47,134291,2914],{"class":113},[47,134293,132],{"class":61},[20,134295,372],{},[38,134297,134299],{"className":40,"code":134298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134300,134301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134302,134303,134306,134308,134311,134313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134304,134305],{"class":53},"Ana ",[47,134307,114285],{"class":57},[47,134309,134310],{"class":53}," Ben ",[47,134312,114285],{"class":57},[47,134314,36432],{"class":53},[20,134316,134317,134318,110],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[210,134319,125533],{"href":51394},[33,134321,122309],{"id":122308},[244,134323,134325],{"id":134324},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[38,134327,134329],{"className":40,"code":134328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134330,134331,134364,134384,134388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134332,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134360,134362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134334,4711],{"class":53},[47,134336,58],{"class":57},[47,134338,62],{"class":61},[47,134340,66],{"class":65},[47,134342,7942],{"class":69},[47,134344,66],{"class":65},[47,134346,75],{"class":61},[47,134348,78],{"class":65},[47,134350,12822],{"class":69},[47,134352,66],{"class":65},[47,134354,75],{"class":61},[47,134356,78],{"class":65},[47,134358,134359],{"class":69},"easy",[47,134361,66],{"class":65},[47,134363,95],{"class":61},[47,134365,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134367,2879],{"class":53},[47,134369,58],{"class":57},[47,134371,78],{"class":65},[47,134373,78],{"class":65},[47,134375,110],{"class":61},[47,134377,133937],{"class":113},[47,134379,117],{"class":61},[47,134381,4755],{"class":113},[47,134383,132],{"class":61},[47,134385,134386],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,134387,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,134389,134390,134392,134394,134396],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,134391,139],{"class":138},[47,134393,117],{"class":61},[47,134395,2914],{"class":113},[47,134397,132],{"class":61},[20,134399,372],{},[38,134401,134403],{"className":40,"code":134402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is easy\n",[15,134404,134405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134406,134407,134409,134411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134408,4226],{"class":53},[47,134410,12822],{"class":57},[47,134412,134413],{"class":53}," easy\n",[244,134415,134417],{"id":134416},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[38,134419,134421],{"className":40,"code":134420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134422,134423,134458,134480,134484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134424,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134436,134438,134440,134442,134445,134447,134449,134451,134454,134456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134426,8425],{"class":53},[47,134428,58],{"class":57},[47,134430,62],{"class":61},[47,134432,66],{"class":65},[47,134434,134435],{"class":69},"apples",[47,134437,66],{"class":65},[47,134439,75],{"class":61},[47,134441,78],{"class":65},[47,134443,134444],{"class":69},"bananas",[47,134446,66],{"class":65},[47,134448,75],{"class":61},[47,134450,78],{"class":65},[47,134452,134453],{"class":69},"oranges",[47,134455,66],{"class":65},[47,134457,95],{"class":61},[47,134459,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134461,2879],{"class":53},[47,134463,58],{"class":57},[47,134465,78],{"class":65},[47,134467,2838],{"class":69},[47,134469,66],{"class":65},[47,134471,110],{"class":61},[47,134473,133937],{"class":113},[47,134475,117],{"class":61},[47,134477,8456],{"class":113},[47,134479,132],{"class":61},[47,134481,134482],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,134483,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,134485,134486,134488,134490,134492],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,134487,139],{"class":138},[47,134489,117],{"class":61},[47,134491,2914],{"class":113},[47,134493,132],{"class":61},[20,134495,372],{},[38,134497,134499],{"className":40,"code":134498,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134500,134501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134502,134503,134505,134507,134510,134512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134504,134435],{"class":53},[47,134506,75],{"class":61},[47,134508,134509],{"class":53}," bananas",[47,134511,75],{"class":61},[47,134513,134514],{"class":53}," oranges\n",[244,134516,134518],{"id":134517},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[38,134520,134522],{"className":40,"code":134521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134523,134524,134581,134599,134603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134525,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134527,36501],{"class":53},[47,134529,58],{"class":57},[47,134531,62],{"class":61},[47,134533,66],{"class":65},[47,134535,134536],{"class":69},"P",[47,134538,66],{"class":65},[47,134540,75],{"class":61},[47,134542,78],{"class":65},[47,134544,2161],{"class":69},[47,134546,66],{"class":65},[47,134548,75],{"class":61},[47,134550,78],{"class":65},[47,134552,63709],{"class":69},[47,134554,66],{"class":65},[47,134556,75],{"class":61},[47,134558,78],{"class":65},[47,134560,60860],{"class":69},[47,134562,66],{"class":65},[47,134564,75],{"class":61},[47,134566,78],{"class":65},[47,134568,60895],{"class":69},[47,134570,66],{"class":65},[47,134572,75],{"class":61},[47,134574,78],{"class":65},[47,134576,76453],{"class":69},[47,134578,66],{"class":65},[47,134580,95],{"class":61},[47,134582,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134584,2879],{"class":53},[47,134586,58],{"class":57},[47,134588,6770],{"class":65},[47,134590,110],{"class":61},[47,134592,133937],{"class":113},[47,134594,117],{"class":61},[47,134596,36554],{"class":113},[47,134598,132],{"class":61},[47,134600,134601],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,134602,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,134604,134605,134607,134609,134611],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,134606,139],{"class":138},[47,134608,117],{"class":61},[47,134610,2914],{"class":113},[47,134612,132],{"class":61},[20,134614,372],{},[38,134616,134618],{"className":40,"code":134617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python\n",[15,134619,134620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134621,134622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134623,134617],{"class":53},[244,134625,134627,134628,134630],{"id":134626},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134629,133860],{}," returns the result",[38,134632,134634],{"className":40,"code":134633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134635,134636,134669,134692,134696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134637,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134665,134667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134639,4711],{"class":53},[47,134641,58],{"class":57},[47,134643,62],{"class":61},[47,134645,66],{"class":65},[47,134647,7229],{"class":69},[47,134649,66],{"class":65},[47,134651,75],{"class":61},[47,134653,78],{"class":65},[47,134655,79694],{"class":69},[47,134657,66],{"class":65},[47,134659,75],{"class":61},[47,134661,78],{"class":65},[47,134663,134664],{"class":69},"three",[47,134666,66],{"class":65},[47,134668,95],{"class":61},[47,134670,134671,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134672,134673],{"class":53},"joined_text ",[47,134675,58],{"class":57},[47,134677,78],{"class":65},[47,134679,2670],{"class":69},[47,134681,66],{"class":65},[47,134683,110],{"class":61},[47,134685,133937],{"class":113},[47,134687,117],{"class":61},[47,134689,4755],{"class":113},[47,134691,132],{"class":61},[47,134693,134694],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,134695,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,134697,134698,134700,134702,134705],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,134699,139],{"class":138},[47,134701,117],{"class":61},[47,134703,134704],{"class":113},"joined_text",[47,134706,132],{"class":61},[20,134708,372],{},[38,134710,134712],{"className":40,"code":134711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one-two-three\n",[15,134713,134714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134715,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134717,7229],{"class":53},[47,134719,2670],{"class":57},[47,134721,79694],{"class":53},[47,134723,2670],{"class":57},[47,134725,134726],{"class":53},"three\n",[33,134728,134730],{"id":134729},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134732,134733],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[244,134735,134737,134740],{"id":134736},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134738,134739],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[38,134742,134744],{"className":40,"code":134743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134745,134746,134770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134747,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134749,4711],{"class":53},[47,134751,58],{"class":57},[47,134753,62],{"class":61},[47,134755,66],{"class":65},[47,134757,4492],{"class":69},[47,134759,66],{"class":65},[47,134761,75],{"class":61},[47,134763,78],{"class":65},[47,134765,61013],{"class":69},[47,134767,66],{"class":65},[47,134769,95],{"class":61},[47,134771,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134773,139],{"class":138},[47,134775,117],{"class":61},[47,134777,66],{"class":65},[47,134779,78],{"class":65},[47,134781,110],{"class":61},[47,134783,133937],{"class":113},[47,134785,117],{"class":61},[47,134787,4755],{"class":113},[47,134789,2266],{"class":61},[20,134791,372],{},[38,134793,134795],{"className":40,"code":134794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n",[15,134796,134797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134798,134799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134800,134794],{"class":53},[244,134802,134804,134807],{"id":134803},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134805,134806],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[38,134809,134811],{"className":40,"code":134810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134812,134813,134845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134814,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134816,332],{"class":53},[47,134818,58],{"class":57},[47,134820,62],{"class":61},[47,134822,66],{"class":65},[47,134824,305],{"class":69},[47,134826,66],{"class":65},[47,134828,75],{"class":61},[47,134830,78],{"class":65},[47,134832,323],{"class":69},[47,134834,66],{"class":65},[47,134836,75],{"class":61},[47,134838,78],{"class":65},[47,134840,314],{"class":69},[47,134842,66],{"class":65},[47,134844,95],{"class":61},[47,134846,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134848,139],{"class":138},[47,134850,117],{"class":61},[47,134852,66],{"class":65},[47,134854,2838],{"class":69},[47,134856,66],{"class":65},[47,134858,110],{"class":61},[47,134860,133937],{"class":113},[47,134862,117],{"class":61},[47,134864,367],{"class":113},[47,134866,2266],{"class":61},[20,134868,372],{},[38,134870,134872],{"className":40,"code":134871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134873,134874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134875,134876,134878,134880,134883,134885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134877,305],{"class":53},[47,134879,75],{"class":61},[47,134881,134882],{"class":53}," blue",[47,134884,75],{"class":61},[47,134886,36284],{"class":53},[20,134888,134889],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[244,134891,134893,134896],{"id":134892},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134894,134895],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[38,134898,134900],{"className":40,"code":134899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134901,134902,134934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134903,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134905,43252],{"class":53},[47,134907,58],{"class":57},[47,134909,62],{"class":61},[47,134911,66],{"class":65},[47,134913,42],{"class":69},[47,134915,66],{"class":65},[47,134917,75],{"class":61},[47,134919,78],{"class":65},[47,134921,61596],{"class":69},[47,134923,66],{"class":65},[47,134925,75],{"class":61},[47,134927,78],{"class":65},[47,134929,133937],{"class":69},[47,134931,66],{"class":65},[47,134933,95],{"class":61},[47,134935,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,134937,139],{"class":138},[47,134939,117],{"class":61},[47,134941,66],{"class":65},[47,134943,2670],{"class":69},[47,134945,66],{"class":65},[47,134947,110],{"class":61},[47,134949,133937],{"class":113},[47,134951,117],{"class":61},[47,134953,43284],{"class":113},[47,134955,2266],{"class":61},[20,134957,372],{},[38,134959,134961],{"className":40,"code":134960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python-string-join\n",[15,134962,134963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134964,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134966,42],{"class":53},[47,134968,2670],{"class":57},[47,134970,61596],{"class":53},[47,134972,2670],{"class":57},[47,134974,134975],{"class":53},"join\n",[244,134977,134979,134982],{"id":134978},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134980,134981],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[38,134984,134986],{"className":40,"code":134985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134987,134988,135021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134989,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135017,135019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134991,113357],{"class":53},[47,134993,58],{"class":57},[47,134995,62],{"class":61},[47,134997,66],{"class":65},[47,134999,22647],{"class":69},[47,135001,66],{"class":65},[47,135003,75],{"class":61},[47,135005,78],{"class":65},[47,135007,31006],{"class":69},[47,135009,66],{"class":65},[47,135011,75],{"class":61},[47,135013,78],{"class":65},[47,135015,135016],{"class":69},"C",[47,135018,66],{"class":65},[47,135020,95],{"class":61},[47,135022,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135038],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135024,139],{"class":138},[47,135026,117],{"class":61},[47,135028,6916],{"class":65},[47,135030,110],{"class":61},[47,135032,133937],{"class":113},[47,135034,117],{"class":61},[47,135036,135037],{"class":113},"chars",[47,135039,2266],{"class":61},[20,135041,372],{},[38,135043,135045],{"className":40,"code":135044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ABC\n",[15,135046,135047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135048,135049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135050,135044],{"class":34861},[33,135052,135054],{"id":135053},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,135056,135057,135059],{},[15,135058,133860],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[244,135061,135063],{"id":135062},"this-works","This works",[38,135065,135067],{"className":40,"code":135066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135068,135069,135101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135070,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135072,4470],{"class":53},[47,135074,58],{"class":57},[47,135076,62],{"class":61},[47,135078,66],{"class":65},[47,135080,2981],{"class":69},[47,135082,66],{"class":65},[47,135084,75],{"class":61},[47,135086,78],{"class":65},[47,135088,16364],{"class":69},[47,135090,66],{"class":65},[47,135092,75],{"class":61},[47,135094,78],{"class":65},[47,135096,37253],{"class":69},[47,135098,66],{"class":65},[47,135100,95],{"class":61},[47,135102,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135104,139],{"class":138},[47,135106,117],{"class":61},[47,135108,66],{"class":65},[47,135110,2838],{"class":69},[47,135112,66],{"class":65},[47,135114,110],{"class":61},[47,135116,133937],{"class":113},[47,135118,117],{"class":61},[47,135120,6003],{"class":113},[47,135122,2266],{"class":61},[20,135124,372],{},[38,135126,135128],{"className":40,"code":135127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,135129,135130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135131,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135133,2981],{"class":349},[47,135135,75],{"class":61},[47,135137,8436],{"class":349},[47,135139,75],{"class":61},[47,135141,135142],{"class":349}," 30\n",[244,135144,135146],{"id":135145},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[38,135148,135150],{"className":40,"code":135149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135151,135152,135172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135153,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135155,4470],{"class":53},[47,135157,58],{"class":57},[47,135159,62],{"class":61},[47,135161,917],{"class":349},[47,135163,75],{"class":61},[47,135165,2409],{"class":349},[47,135167,75],{"class":61},[47,135169,2414],{"class":349},[47,135171,95],{"class":61},[47,135173,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135175,139],{"class":138},[47,135177,117],{"class":61},[47,135179,66],{"class":65},[47,135181,2838],{"class":69},[47,135183,66],{"class":65},[47,135185,110],{"class":61},[47,135187,133937],{"class":113},[47,135189,117],{"class":61},[47,135191,6003],{"class":113},[47,135193,2266],{"class":61},[20,135195,90734,135196,135198],{},[15,135197,3655],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135200,135201],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[38,135203,135205],{"className":40,"code":135204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135206,135207,135227,135257,135261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135208,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135210,4470],{"class":53},[47,135212,58],{"class":57},[47,135214,62],{"class":61},[47,135216,917],{"class":349},[47,135218,75],{"class":61},[47,135220,2409],{"class":349},[47,135222,75],{"class":61},[47,135224,2414],{"class":349},[47,135226,95],{"class":61},[47,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135230,2879],{"class":53},[47,135232,58],{"class":57},[47,135234,78],{"class":65},[47,135236,2838],{"class":69},[47,135238,66],{"class":65},[47,135240,110],{"class":61},[47,135242,133937],{"class":113},[47,135244,117],{"class":61},[47,135246,40273],{"class":138},[47,135248,117],{"class":61},[47,135250,4093],{"class":106},[47,135252,75],{"class":61},[47,135254,4529],{"class":113},[47,135256,2266],{"class":61},[47,135258,135259],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,135260,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,135262,135263,135265,135267,135269],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,135264,139],{"class":138},[47,135266,117],{"class":61},[47,135268,2914],{"class":113},[47,135270,132],{"class":61},[20,135272,372],{},[38,135274,135276],{"className":40,"code":135275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135277,135278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135279,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135281,917],{"class":349},[47,135283,75],{"class":61},[47,135285,2409],{"class":349},[47,135287,75],{"class":61},[47,135289,3229],{"class":349},[20,135291,135292,135293,110],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[210,135294,4226,135295,4159],{"href":42590},[15,135296,48101],{},[244,135298,135300,135302],{"id":135299},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135301,269],{}," values do not work directly",[38,135304,135306],{"className":40,"code":135305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135307,135308,135336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135309,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135311,4470],{"class":53},[47,135313,58],{"class":57},[47,135315,62],{"class":61},[47,135317,66],{"class":65},[47,135319,4720],{"class":69},[47,135321,66],{"class":65},[47,135323,75],{"class":61},[47,135325,560],{"class":559},[47,135327,75],{"class":61},[47,135329,78],{"class":65},[47,135331,4729],{"class":69},[47,135333,66],{"class":65},[47,135335,95],{"class":61},[47,135337,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354,135356],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135339,139],{"class":138},[47,135341,117],{"class":61},[47,135343,66],{"class":65},[47,135345,2838],{"class":69},[47,135347,66],{"class":65},[47,135349,110],{"class":61},[47,135351,133937],{"class":113},[47,135353,117],{"class":61},[47,135355,6003],{"class":113},[47,135357,2266],{"class":61},[20,135359,135360,135361,110],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135362,3655],{},[20,135364,135365],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[38,135367,135369],{"className":40,"code":135368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135370,135371,135399,135429,135433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135372,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135374,4470],{"class":53},[47,135376,58],{"class":57},[47,135378,62],{"class":61},[47,135380,66],{"class":65},[47,135382,4720],{"class":69},[47,135384,66],{"class":65},[47,135386,75],{"class":61},[47,135388,560],{"class":559},[47,135390,75],{"class":61},[47,135392,78],{"class":65},[47,135394,4729],{"class":69},[47,135396,66],{"class":65},[47,135398,95],{"class":61},[47,135400,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135402,2879],{"class":53},[47,135404,58],{"class":57},[47,135406,78],{"class":65},[47,135408,2838],{"class":69},[47,135410,66],{"class":65},[47,135412,110],{"class":61},[47,135414,133937],{"class":113},[47,135416,117],{"class":61},[47,135418,40273],{"class":138},[47,135420,117],{"class":61},[47,135422,4093],{"class":106},[47,135424,75],{"class":61},[47,135426,4529],{"class":113},[47,135428,2266],{"class":61},[47,135430,135431],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,135432,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,135434,135435,135437,135439,135441],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,135436,139],{"class":138},[47,135438,117],{"class":61},[47,135440,2914],{"class":113},[47,135442,132],{"class":61},[20,135444,372],{},[38,135446,135448],{"className":40,"code":135447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135449,135450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135451,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135453,4720],{"class":53},[47,135455,75],{"class":61},[47,135457,560],{"class":559},[47,135459,75],{"class":61},[47,135461,135462],{"class":53}," banana\n",[20,135464,135465,135466,135468],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135467,269],{}," values instead of converting them.",[244,135470,135472,135474],{"id":135471},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135473,133860],{}," also works with tuples",[38,135476,135478],{"className":40,"code":135477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135479,135480,135512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135481,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135483,5638],{"class":53},[47,135485,58],{"class":57},[47,135487,9878],{"class":61},[47,135489,66],{"class":65},[47,135491,8322],{"class":69},[47,135493,66],{"class":65},[47,135495,75],{"class":61},[47,135497,78],{"class":65},[47,135499,131866],{"class":69},[47,135501,66],{"class":65},[47,135503,75],{"class":61},[47,135505,78],{"class":65},[47,135507,8568],{"class":69},[47,135509,66],{"class":65},[47,135511,132],{"class":61},[47,135513,135514,135516,135518,135520,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135515,139],{"class":138},[47,135517,117],{"class":61},[47,135519,66],{"class":65},[47,135521,135522],{"class":69}," \u002F ",[47,135524,66],{"class":65},[47,135526,110],{"class":61},[47,135528,133937],{"class":113},[47,135530,117],{"class":61},[47,135532,5682],{"class":113},[47,135534,2266],{"class":61},[20,135536,372],{},[38,135538,135540],{"className":40,"code":135539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135541,135542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135543,135544,135547,135549,135552,135554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135545,135546],{"class":53},"Sam ",[47,135548,127670],{"class":57},[47,135550,135551],{"class":53}," Lee ",[47,135553,127670],{"class":57},[47,135555,22736],{"class":53},[33,135557,135559,135560],{"id":135558},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135561,133860],{},[20,135563,135564],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[244,135566,135568,135569,135571],{"id":135567},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135570,3655],{}," because not all items are strings",[38,135573,135575],{"className":40,"code":135574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135576,135577,135605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135578,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135580,8425],{"class":53},[47,135582,58],{"class":57},[47,135584,62],{"class":61},[47,135586,66],{"class":65},[47,135588,210],{"class":69},[47,135590,66],{"class":65},[47,135592,75],{"class":61},[47,135594,2409],{"class":349},[47,135596,75],{"class":61},[47,135598,78],{"class":65},[47,135600,863],{"class":69},[47,135602,66],{"class":65},[47,135604,95],{"class":61},[47,135606,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135608,139],{"class":138},[47,135610,117],{"class":61},[47,135612,66],{"class":65},[47,135614,78],{"class":65},[47,135616,110],{"class":61},[47,135618,133937],{"class":113},[47,135620,117],{"class":61},[47,135622,8456],{"class":113},[47,135624,2266],{"class":61},[20,135626,48928,135627,135629],{},[15,135628,2705],{}," is an integer.",[20,135631,39675],{},[38,135633,135635],{"className":40,"code":135634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135636,135637,135665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135638,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135640,8425],{"class":53},[47,135642,58],{"class":57},[47,135644,62],{"class":61},[47,135646,66],{"class":65},[47,135648,210],{"class":69},[47,135650,66],{"class":65},[47,135652,75],{"class":61},[47,135654,2409],{"class":349},[47,135656,75],{"class":61},[47,135658,78],{"class":65},[47,135660,863],{"class":69},[47,135662,66],{"class":65},[47,135664,95],{"class":61},[47,135666,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135668,139],{"class":138},[47,135670,117],{"class":61},[47,135672,66],{"class":65},[47,135674,78],{"class":65},[47,135676,110],{"class":61},[47,135678,133937],{"class":113},[47,135680,117],{"class":61},[47,135682,40273],{"class":138},[47,135684,117],{"class":61},[47,135686,4093],{"class":106},[47,135688,75],{"class":61},[47,135690,6609],{"class":113},[47,135692,2425],{"class":61},[20,135694,135695,135696,110],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[210,135697,26083,135699],{"href":135698},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135700,135701],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[244,135703,135705,135706,135708],{"id":135704},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135707,133860],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135710,5169],{},[38,135712,135714],{"className":40,"code":135713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135715,135716,135748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135717,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135719,4711],{"class":53},[47,135721,58],{"class":57},[47,135723,62],{"class":61},[47,135725,66],{"class":65},[47,135727,7942],{"class":69},[47,135729,66],{"class":65},[47,135731,75],{"class":61},[47,135733,78],{"class":65},[47,135735,12822],{"class":69},[47,135737,66],{"class":65},[47,135739,75],{"class":61},[47,135741,78],{"class":65},[47,135743,133918],{"class":69},[47,135745,66],{"class":65},[47,135747,95],{"class":61},[47,135749,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135751,2879],{"class":53},[47,135753,58],{"class":57},[47,135755,6812],{"class":53},[47,135757,110],{"class":61},[47,135759,133937],{"class":113},[47,135761,117],{"class":61},[47,135763,66],{"class":65},[47,135765,78],{"class":65},[47,135767,132],{"class":61},[20,135769,135770,135772],{},[15,135771,133860],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135774,11443],{},[38,135776,135778],{"className":40,"code":135777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135779,135780,135812,135832,135836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135781,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808,135810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135783,4711],{"class":53},[47,135785,58],{"class":57},[47,135787,62],{"class":61},[47,135789,66],{"class":65},[47,135791,7942],{"class":69},[47,135793,66],{"class":65},[47,135795,75],{"class":61},[47,135797,78],{"class":65},[47,135799,12822],{"class":69},[47,135801,66],{"class":65},[47,135803,75],{"class":61},[47,135805,78],{"class":65},[47,135807,133918],{"class":69},[47,135809,66],{"class":65},[47,135811,95],{"class":61},[47,135813,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135815,2879],{"class":53},[47,135817,58],{"class":57},[47,135819,78],{"class":65},[47,135821,78],{"class":65},[47,135823,110],{"class":61},[47,135825,133937],{"class":113},[47,135827,117],{"class":61},[47,135829,4755],{"class":113},[47,135831,132],{"class":61},[47,135833,135834],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,135835,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,135837,135838,135840,135842,135844],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,135839,139],{"class":138},[47,135841,117],{"class":61},[47,135843,2914],{"class":113},[47,135845,132],{"class":61},[244,135847,135849],{"id":135848},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[38,135851,135853],{"className":40,"code":135852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135854,135855,135887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135856,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135858,4711],{"class":53},[47,135860,58],{"class":57},[47,135862,62],{"class":61},[47,135864,66],{"class":65},[47,135866,7229],{"class":69},[47,135868,66],{"class":65},[47,135870,75],{"class":61},[47,135872,78],{"class":65},[47,135874,79694],{"class":69},[47,135876,66],{"class":65},[47,135878,75],{"class":61},[47,135880,78],{"class":65},[47,135882,134664],{"class":69},[47,135884,66],{"class":65},[47,135886,95],{"class":61},[47,135888,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899,135901,135903],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135890,139],{"class":138},[47,135892,117],{"class":61},[47,135894,6916],{"class":65},[47,135896,110],{"class":61},[47,135898,133937],{"class":113},[47,135900,117],{"class":61},[47,135902,4755],{"class":113},[47,135904,2266],{"class":61},[20,135906,372],{},[38,135908,135910],{"className":40,"code":135909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"onetwothree\n",[15,135911,135912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135913,135914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135915,135909],{"class":53},[20,135917,135918,135919,7275],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135920,134005],{},[244,135922,135924,135925,132128],{"id":135923},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135926,133860],{},[38,135928,135930],{"className":40,"code":135929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135931,135932,135964,135982,135986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135933,135934,135936,135938,135940,135942,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135960,135962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135935,4711],{"class":53},[47,135937,58],{"class":57},[47,135939,62],{"class":61},[47,135941,66],{"class":65},[47,135943,210],{"class":69},[47,135945,66],{"class":65},[47,135947,75],{"class":61},[47,135949,78],{"class":65},[47,135951,854],{"class":69},[47,135953,66],{"class":65},[47,135955,75],{"class":61},[47,135957,78],{"class":65},[47,135959,863],{"class":69},[47,135961,66],{"class":65},[47,135963,95],{"class":61},[47,135965,135966,135968,135970,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,135967,66],{"class":43744},[47,135969,2670],{"class":43748},[47,135971,66],{"class":43744},[47,135973,110],{"class":61},[47,135975,133937],{"class":113},[47,135977,117],{"class":61},[47,135979,4755],{"class":113},[47,135981,132],{"class":61},[47,135983,135984],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,135985,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,135987,135988,135990,135992,135994],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,135989,139],{"class":138},[47,135991,117],{"class":61},[47,135993,4755],{"class":113},[47,135995,132],{"class":61},[20,135997,372],{},[38,135999,136000],{"className":40,"code":43291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,136001,136002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136003,136004,136006,136008,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022,136024,136026,136028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136005,669],{"class":61},[47,136007,385],{"class":65},[47,136009,210],{"class":69},[47,136011,385],{"class":65},[47,136013,75],{"class":61},[47,136015,398],{"class":65},[47,136017,854],{"class":69},[47,136019,385],{"class":65},[47,136021,75],{"class":61},[47,136023,398],{"class":65},[47,136025,863],{"class":69},[47,136027,385],{"class":65},[47,136029,95],{"class":61},[20,136031,136032,136033,136035],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,136034,133860],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[33,136037,136039,136041,136042],{"id":136038},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,136040,133860],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,136043,2708],{},[20,136045,11227,136046,5036,136048,136050],{},[15,136047,133860],{},[15,136049,2708],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[244,136052,156,136054,136056],{"id":136053},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,136055,2708],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[38,136058,136060],{"className":40,"code":136059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136061,136062,136075,136088,136108,136112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136063,136064,136067,136069,136071,136073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136065,136066],{"class":53},"first ",[47,136068,58],{"class":57},[47,136070,78],{"class":65},[47,136072,35276],{"class":69},[47,136074,689],{"class":65},[47,136076,136077,136080,136082,136084,136086],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136078,136079],{"class":53},"second ",[47,136081,58],{"class":57},[47,136083,78],{"class":65},[47,136085,90163],{"class":69},[47,136087,689],{"class":65},[47,136089,136090,136092,136094,136097,136099,136101,136103,136105],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,136091,2879],{"class":53},[47,136093,58],{"class":57},[47,136095,136096],{"class":53}," first ",[47,136098,2708],{"class":57},[47,136100,78],{"class":65},[47,136102,78],{"class":65},[47,136104,3105],{"class":57},[47,136106,136107],{"class":53}," second\n",[47,136109,136110],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,136111,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,136113,136114,136116,136118,136120],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,136115,139],{"class":138},[47,136117,117],{"class":61},[47,136119,2914],{"class":113},[47,136121,132],{"class":61},[20,136123,372],{},[38,136125,136127],{"className":40,"code":136126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello World\n",[15,136128,136129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136130,136131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136132,136126],{"class":53},[244,136134,156,136136,136138],{"id":136135},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,136137,133860],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[38,136140,136142],{"className":40,"code":136141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136143,136144,136186,136206,136210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136145,136146,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160,136162,136165,136167,136169,136171,136174,136176,136178,136180,136182,136184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136147,4711],{"class":53},[47,136149,58],{"class":57},[47,136151,62],{"class":61},[47,136153,66],{"class":65},[47,136155,7942],{"class":69},[47,136157,66],{"class":65},[47,136159,75],{"class":61},[47,136161,78],{"class":65},[47,136163,136164],{"class":69},"makes",[47,136166,66],{"class":65},[47,136168,75],{"class":61},[47,136170,78],{"class":65},[47,136172,136173],{"class":69},"this",[47,136175,66],{"class":65},[47,136177,75],{"class":61},[47,136179,78],{"class":65},[47,136181,134359],{"class":69},[47,136183,66],{"class":65},[47,136185,95],{"class":61},[47,136187,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136189,2879],{"class":53},[47,136191,58],{"class":57},[47,136193,78],{"class":65},[47,136195,78],{"class":65},[47,136197,110],{"class":61},[47,136199,133937],{"class":113},[47,136201,117],{"class":61},[47,136203,4755],{"class":113},[47,136205,132],{"class":61},[47,136207,136208],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,136209,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,136211,136212,136214,136216,136218],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,136213,139],{"class":138},[47,136215,117],{"class":61},[47,136217,2914],{"class":113},[47,136219,132],{"class":61},[20,136221,372],{},[38,136223,136225],{"className":40,"code":136224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136226,136227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136228,136229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136230,136224],{"class":53},[20,136232,136233,136235],{},[15,136234,133860],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[174,136237,136238,136241,136244],{},[177,136239,136240],{},"You already have a list of strings",[177,136242,136243],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[177,136245,136246,136247,136249],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136248,2708],{}," operators",[20,136251,136252,136253,110],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[210,136254,136256],{"href":136255},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[33,136258,136260],{"id":136259},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136262,9520,136263,136265],{},[15,136264,133860],{}," is not working, check these first:",[174,136267,136268,136271,136276,136285,136291],{},[177,136269,136270],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[177,136272,136273,136274],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136275,269],{},[177,136277,136278,136279,11728,136282],{},"You may have written ",[15,136280,136281],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136283,136284],{},"string.join(...)",[177,136286,136287,136288,136290],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136289,133860],{}," to change the original iterable",[177,136292,136293],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136295,94803],{},[38,136297,136299],{"className":40,"code":136298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136300,136301,136315,136325,136349,136389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136302,136303,136305,136307,136309,136311,136313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136304,139],{"class":138},[47,136306,117],{"class":61},[47,136308,2392],{"class":106},[47,136310,117],{"class":61},[47,136312,8456],{"class":113},[47,136314,2266],{"class":61},[47,136316,136317,136319,136321,136323],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136318,139],{"class":138},[47,136320,117],{"class":61},[47,136322,8456],{"class":113},[47,136324,132],{"class":61},[47,136326,136327,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343,136345,136347],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,136328,139],{"class":138},[47,136330,1258],{"class":61},[47,136332,2392],{"class":106},[47,136334,117],{"class":61},[47,136336,23713],{"class":113},[47,136338,4313],{"class":61},[47,136340,1108],{"class":1107},[47,136342,6604],{"class":113},[47,136344,1114],{"class":1107},[47,136346,6609],{"class":113},[47,136348,2166],{"class":61},[47,136350,136351,136353,136355,136357,136359,136361,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385,136387],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,136352,139],{"class":138},[47,136354,117],{"class":61},[47,136356,385],{"class":65},[47,136358,398],{"class":65},[47,136360,110],{"class":61},[47,136362,133937],{"class":113},[47,136364,1258],{"class":61},[47,136366,385],{"class":65},[47,136368,210],{"class":69},[47,136370,385],{"class":65},[47,136372,75],{"class":61},[47,136374,398],{"class":65},[47,136376,854],{"class":69},[47,136378,385],{"class":65},[47,136380,75],{"class":61},[47,136382,398],{"class":65},[47,136384,863],{"class":69},[47,136386,385],{"class":65},[47,136388,3649],{"class":61},[47,136390,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399,136401,136403,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413,136415,136417,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,136392,139],{"class":138},[47,136394,117],{"class":61},[47,136396,385],{"class":65},[47,136398,2838],{"class":69},[47,136400,385],{"class":65},[47,136402,110],{"class":61},[47,136404,133937],{"class":113},[47,136406,117],{"class":61},[47,136408,40273],{"class":138},[47,136410,117],{"class":61},[47,136412,4093],{"class":106},[47,136414,75],{"class":61},[47,136416,62],{"class":61},[47,136418,917],{"class":349},[47,136420,75],{"class":61},[47,136422,2409],{"class":349},[47,136424,75],{"class":61},[47,136426,2414],{"class":349},[47,136428,37677],{"class":61},[20,136430,136431],{},"What these checks do:",[174,136433,136434,136442,136448,136454,136463],{},[177,136435,136436,136439,136440,8742],{},[15,136437,136438],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136441,8456],{},[177,136443,136444,136447],{},[15,136445,136446],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[177,136449,136450,136453],{},[15,136451,136452],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[177,136455,136456,136459,136460,136462],{},[15,136457,136458],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136461,133860],{}," behavior",[177,136464,136465,136468],{},[15,136466,136467],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[33,136470,2429],{"id":2428},[244,136472,2433,136474,136476],{"id":136473},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136475,133860],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136478,136479,136480,136482,136483,110],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136481,133860],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136484,136485],{},"map(str, values)",[244,136487,2433,136489,57584],{"id":136488},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136490,133860],{},[20,136492,136493],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[244,136495,28733,136497,63057],{"id":136496},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136498,133860],{},[20,136500,42567,136501,136503],{},[15,136502,133860],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[244,136505,5785,136507,40374],{"id":136506},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136508,136509],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136511,136512],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[244,136514,136516,136517,136519,136520,3143],{"id":136515},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136518,3655],{}," when using ",[15,136521,133860],{},[20,136523,136524],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[33,136526,2526],{"id":2525},[174,136528,136529,136534,136540,136546,136552],{},[177,136530,136531],{},[210,136532,136533],{"href":136255},"How to join strings in Python",[177,136535,136536],{},[210,136537,126778,136538,1637],{"href":129465},[15,136539,60953],{},[177,136541,136542],{},[210,136543,4226,136544,4159],{"href":42590},[15,136545,48101],{},[177,136547,136548],{},[210,136549,30753,136550],{"href":135698},[15,136551,135701],{},[177,136553,136554],{},[210,136555,125533],{"href":51394},[20,136557,97773,136558,136560],{},[15,136559,133860],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2563,136562,136563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":136565},[136566,136567,136569,136572,136579,136589,136597,136607,136614,136615,136627],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":133977,"depth":98,"text":136568},"What join() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":136570},[136571],{"id":49427,"depth":135,"text":49428},{"id":122308,"depth":98,"text":122309,"children":136573},[136574,136575,136576,136577],{"id":134324,"depth":135,"text":134325},{"id":134416,"depth":135,"text":134417},{"id":134517,"depth":135,"text":134518},{"id":134626,"depth":135,"text":136578},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134729,"depth":98,"text":134730,"children":136580},[136581,136583,136585,136587],{"id":134736,"depth":135,"text":136582},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134803,"depth":135,"text":136584},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134892,"depth":135,"text":136586},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134978,"depth":135,"text":136588},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135053,"depth":98,"text":135054,"children":136590},[136591,136592,136593,136595],{"id":135062,"depth":135,"text":135063},{"id":135145,"depth":135,"text":135146},{"id":135299,"depth":135,"text":136594},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135471,"depth":135,"text":136596},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135558,"depth":98,"text":136598,"children":136599},"Common errors with join()",[136600,136602,136604,136605],{"id":135567,"depth":135,"text":136601},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135704,"depth":135,"text":136603},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135848,"depth":135,"text":135849},{"id":135923,"depth":135,"text":136606},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136038,"depth":98,"text":136608,"children":136609},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136610,136612],{"id":136053,"depth":135,"text":136611},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136135,"depth":135,"text":136613},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136259,"depth":98,"text":136260},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":136616},[136617,136619,136621,136623,136625],{"id":136473,"depth":135,"text":136618},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136488,"depth":135,"text":136620},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136496,"depth":135,"text":136622},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136506,"depth":135,"text":136624},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136515,"depth":135,"text":136626},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133852,"description":136628},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136635,"title":136636,"body":136637,"description":138205,"extension":2611,"meta":138206,"navigation":357,"path":138207,"seo":138208,"stem":138209,"__hash__":138210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136638,"toc":138172},[136639,136644,136649,136651,136665,136710,136717,136722,136727,136729,136745,136754,136756,136758,136773,136775,136785,136787,136849,136851,136854,136915,136917,136933,136935,136948,136951,136998,137000,137006,137009,137012,137072,137080,137166,137170,137175,137177,137191,137194,137279,137282,137340,137351,137406,137408,137415,137421,137427,137471,137474,137521,137523,137525,137532,137534,137565,137568,137570,137601,137605,137608,137610,137650,137652,137695,137701,137706,137708,137735,137740,137743,137792,137796,137799,137874,137885,137888,137945,137952,137958,137966,137971,137978,137985,138003,138005,138059,138067,138069,138074,138077,138083,138089,138094,138097,138103,138109,138116,138124,138126,138169],[10,136640,123778,136642,18],{"id":136641},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136643,124508],{},[20,136645,123783,136646,136648],{},[15,136647,124508],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136650,24490],{},[174,136652,136653,136656,136659,136662],{},[177,136654,136655],{},"convert text to lowercase",[177,136657,136658],{},"compare text without case differences",[177,136660,136661],{},"clean up user input",[177,136663,136664],{},"make simple text matching easier",[38,136666,136668],{"className":40,"code":136667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136669,136670,136683,136697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136671,136672,136674,136676,136678,136681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136673,35096],{"class":53},[47,136675,58],{"class":57},[47,136677,78],{"class":65},[47,136679,136680],{"class":69},"Hello WORLD",[47,136682,689],{"class":65},[47,136684,136685,136687,136689,136691,136693,136695],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136686,2879],{"class":53},[47,136688,58],{"class":57},[47,136690,43257],{"class":53},[47,136692,110],{"class":61},[47,136694,9285],{"class":113},[47,136696,9288],{"class":61},[47,136698,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,136700,139],{"class":138},[47,136702,117],{"class":61},[47,136704,2914],{"class":113},[47,136706,4313],{"class":61},[47,136708,136709],{"class":152},"  # hello world\n",[20,136711,136712,89386,136714,136716],{},[278,136713,84244],{},[15,136715,124508],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[33,136718,164,136720,167],{"id":136719},"what-lower-does",[15,136721,124508],{},[20,136723,136724,136726],{},[15,136725,124508],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136728,13677],{},[174,136730,136731,136736,136739,136742],{},[177,136732,136733,136735],{},[15,136734,124508],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[177,136737,136738],{},"It works on string objects",[177,136740,136741],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[177,136743,136744],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136746,125530,136747,136751,136752,110],{},[210,136748,136750],{"href":136749},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[210,136753,51395],{"href":51394},[33,136755,2806],{"id":2805},[20,136757,2809],{},[38,136759,136761],{"className":40,"code":136760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.lower()\n",[15,136762,136763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136764,136765,136767,136769,136771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136766,61596],{"class":53},[47,136768,110],{"class":61},[47,136770,9285],{"class":113},[47,136772,9288],{"class":61},[20,136774,44066],{},[174,136776,136777,136779,136782],{},[177,136778,97951],{},[177,136780,136781],{},"You call it directly on a string",[177,136783,136784],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136786,603],{},[38,136788,136790],{"className":40,"code":136789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136791,136792,136815,136819,136832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136793,136794,136796,136798,136800,136803,136805,136807,136809,136812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136795,139],{"class":138},[47,136797,117],{"class":61},[47,136799,66],{"class":65},[47,136801,136802],{"class":69},"HELLO",[47,136804,66],{"class":65},[47,136806,110],{"class":61},[47,136808,9285],{"class":113},[47,136810,136811],{"class":61},"())",[47,136813,136814],{"class":152},"  # hello\n",[47,136816,136817],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136818,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,136820,136821,136823,136825,136827,136830],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,136822,8523],{"class":53},[47,136824,58],{"class":57},[47,136826,78],{"class":65},[47,136828,136829],{"class":69},"PyThOn",[47,136831,689],{"class":65},[47,136833,136834,136836,136838,136840,136842,136844,136846],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,136835,139],{"class":138},[47,136837,117],{"class":61},[47,136839,70],{"class":113},[47,136841,110],{"class":61},[47,136843,9285],{"class":113},[47,136845,136811],{"class":61},[47,136847,136848],{"class":152},"  # python\n",[33,136850,12109],{"id":12108},[20,136852,136853],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[38,136855,136857],{"className":40,"code":136856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136858,136859,136871,136875,136890,136894,136905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136860,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136862,35096],{"class":53},[47,136864,58],{"class":57},[47,136866,78],{"class":65},[47,136868,136680],{"class":69},[47,136870,689],{"class":65},[47,136872,136873],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136874,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,136876,136877,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,136878,136879],{"class":53},"lower_text ",[47,136881,58],{"class":57},[47,136883,43257],{"class":53},[47,136885,110],{"class":61},[47,136887,9285],{"class":113},[47,136889,9288],{"class":61},[47,136891,136892],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,136893,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,136895,136896,136898,136900,136903],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,136897,139],{"class":138},[47,136899,117],{"class":61},[47,136901,136902],{"class":113},"lower_text",[47,136904,132],{"class":61},[47,136906,136907,136909,136911,136913],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,136908,139],{"class":138},[47,136910,117],{"class":61},[47,136912,35117],{"class":113},[47,136914,132],{"class":61},[20,136916,372],{},[38,136918,136920],{"className":40,"code":136919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136921,136922,136926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136923,136924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136925,134794],{"class":53},[47,136927,136928,136930],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136929,132194],{"class":53},[47,136931,136932],{"class":34861},"WORLD\n",[20,136934,25010],{},[174,136936,136937,136942],{},[177,136938,136939,136941],{},[15,136940,124508],{}," returns the lowercase result",[177,136943,136944,136945,136947],{},"the original ",[15,136946,35117],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136949,136950],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[38,136952,136954],{"className":40,"code":136953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136955,136956,136968,136982,136986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136957,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136959,35096],{"class":53},[47,136961,58],{"class":57},[47,136963,78],{"class":65},[47,136965,136680],{"class":69},[47,136967,689],{"class":65},[47,136969,136970,136972,136974,136976,136978,136980],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,136971,35096],{"class":53},[47,136973,58],{"class":57},[47,136975,43257],{"class":53},[47,136977,110],{"class":61},[47,136979,9285],{"class":113},[47,136981,9288],{"class":61},[47,136983,136984],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,136985,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,136987,136988,136990,136992,136994,136996],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,136989,139],{"class":138},[47,136991,117],{"class":61},[47,136993,35117],{"class":113},[47,136995,4313],{"class":61},[47,136997,136709],{"class":152},[33,136999,273],{"id":272},[20,137001,137002,22377,137004,110],{},[15,137003,124508],{},[278,137005,61596],{},[20,137007,137008],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,137010,137011],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[38,137013,137015],{"className":40,"code":137014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,137016,137017,137031,137035,137058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137018,137019,137022,137024,137026,137029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137020,137021],{"class":53},"answer ",[47,137023,58],{"class":57},[47,137025,78],{"class":65},[47,137027,137028],{"class":69},"YES",[47,137030,689],{"class":65},[47,137032,137033],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137034,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137036,137037,137039,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137038,7642],{"class":1107},[47,137040,137041],{"class":53}," answer",[47,137043,110],{"class":61},[47,137045,9285],{"class":113},[47,137047,8011],{"class":61},[47,137049,7053],{"class":57},[47,137051,78],{"class":65},[47,137053,9303],{"class":69},[47,137055,66],{"class":65},[47,137057,7038],{"class":61},[47,137059,137060,137062,137064,137066,137068,137070],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137061,8715],{"class":138},[47,137063,117],{"class":61},[47,137065,66],{"class":65},[47,137067,97260],{"class":69},[47,137069,66],{"class":65},[47,137071,132],{"class":61},[20,137073,137074,137075,172],{},"This is especially useful with ",[210,137076,137077,137078,2953],{"href":8865},"the ",[15,137079,3609],{},[38,137081,137083],{"className":40,"code":137082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,137084,137085,137104,137108,137130,137145,137151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137086,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097,137100,137102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137088,137021],{"class":53},[47,137090,58],{"class":57},[47,137092,8888],{"class":138},[47,137094,117],{"class":61},[47,137096,66],{"class":65},[47,137098,137099],{"class":69},"Type yes or no: ",[47,137101,66],{"class":65},[47,137103,132],{"class":61},[47,137105,137106],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137107,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120,137122,137124,137126,137128],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137111,7642],{"class":1107},[47,137113,137041],{"class":53},[47,137115,110],{"class":61},[47,137117,9285],{"class":113},[47,137119,8011],{"class":61},[47,137121,7053],{"class":57},[47,137123,78],{"class":65},[47,137125,9303],{"class":69},[47,137127,66],{"class":65},[47,137129,7038],{"class":61},[47,137131,137132,137134,137136,137138,137141,137143],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137133,8715],{"class":138},[47,137135,117],{"class":61},[47,137137,66],{"class":65},[47,137139,137140],{"class":69},"You typed yes",[47,137142,66],{"class":65},[47,137144,132],{"class":61},[47,137146,137147,137149],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,137148,27838],{"class":1107},[47,137150,7038],{"class":61},[47,137152,137153,137155,137157,137159,137162,137164],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,137154,8715],{"class":138},[47,137156,117],{"class":61},[47,137158,66],{"class":65},[47,137160,137161],{"class":69},"You typed something else",[47,137163,66],{"class":65},[47,137165,132],{"class":61},[33,137167,137169],{"id":137168},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137171,137172,137174],{},[15,137173,124508],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137176,7988],{},[174,137178,137179,137182,137185,137188],{},[177,137180,137181],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[177,137183,137184],{},"Make text matching easier",[177,137186,137187],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[177,137189,137190],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137192,137193],{},"Example: checking user input",[38,137195,137197],{"className":40,"code":137196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137198,137199,137217,137221,137243,137258,137264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137200,137201,137203,137205,137207,137209,137211,137213,137215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137202,45375],{"class":53},[47,137204,58],{"class":57},[47,137206,8888],{"class":138},[47,137208,117],{"class":61},[47,137210,66],{"class":65},[47,137212,45386],{"class":69},[47,137214,66],{"class":65},[47,137216,132],{"class":61},[47,137218,137219],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137220,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137222,137223,137225,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239,137241],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137224,7642],{"class":1107},[47,137226,36261],{"class":53},[47,137228,110],{"class":61},[47,137230,9285],{"class":113},[47,137232,8011],{"class":61},[47,137234,7053],{"class":57},[47,137236,78],{"class":65},[47,137238,323],{"class":69},[47,137240,66],{"class":65},[47,137242,7038],{"class":61},[47,137244,137245,137247,137249,137251,137254,137256],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137246,8715],{"class":138},[47,137248,117],{"class":61},[47,137250,66],{"class":65},[47,137252,137253],{"class":69},"Nice choice!",[47,137255,66],{"class":65},[47,137257,132],{"class":61},[47,137259,137260,137262],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,137261,27838],{"class":1107},[47,137263,7038],{"class":61},[47,137265,137266,137268,137270,137272,137275,137277],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,137267,8715],{"class":138},[47,137269,117],{"class":61},[47,137271,66],{"class":65},[47,137273,137274],{"class":69},"Got it.",[47,137276,66],{"class":65},[47,137278,132],{"class":61},[20,137280,137281],{},"Example: simple search",[38,137283,137285],{"className":40,"code":137284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137286,137287,137300,137304,137325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137288,137289,137291,137293,137295,137298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137290,90430],{"class":53},[47,137292,58],{"class":57},[47,137294,78],{"class":65},[47,137296,137297],{"class":69},"Python Is Fun",[47,137299,689],{"class":65},[47,137301,137302],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137303,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137305,137306,137308,137310,137312,137314,137316,137319,137321,137323],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137307,7642],{"class":1107},[47,137309,78],{"class":65},[47,137311,42],{"class":69},[47,137313,66],{"class":65},[47,137315,21575],{"class":57},[47,137317,137318],{"class":53}," message",[47,137320,110],{"class":61},[47,137322,9285],{"class":113},[47,137324,21997],{"class":61},[47,137326,137327,137329,137331,137333,137336,137338],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137328,8715],{"class":138},[47,137330,117],{"class":61},[47,137332,66],{"class":65},[47,137334,137335],{"class":69},"Found it",[47,137337,66],{"class":65},[47,137339,132],{"class":61},[20,137341,137342,137343,137345,137346,172],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137344,124508],{}," is often used with ",[210,137347,137349],{"href":137348},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137350,42068],{},[38,137352,137354],{"className":40,"code":137353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137355,137356,137369,137388,137392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137357,137358,137360,137362,137364,137367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137359,8523],{"class":53},[47,137361,58],{"class":57},[47,137363,78],{"class":65},[47,137365,137366],{"class":69},"  ALICE  ",[47,137368,689],{"class":65},[47,137370,137371,137374,137376,137378,137380,137382,137384,137386],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137372,137373],{"class":53},"clean_name ",[47,137375,58],{"class":57},[47,137377,36402],{"class":53},[47,137379,110],{"class":61},[47,137381,9279],{"class":113},[47,137383,9282],{"class":61},[47,137385,9285],{"class":113},[47,137387,9288],{"class":61},[47,137389,137390],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137391,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137393,137394,137396,137398,137401,137403],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137395,139],{"class":138},[47,137397,117],{"class":61},[47,137399,137400],{"class":113},"clean_name",[47,137402,4313],{"class":61},[47,137404,137405],{"class":152},"  # alice\n",[33,137407,16206],{"id":16205},[20,137409,137410,137411,137414],{},"Strings are ",[278,137412,137413],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137416,137417,137418,137420],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137419,124508],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137422,137423,137424,137426],{},"So this does ",[278,137425,1369],{}," update the original variable:",[38,137428,137430],{"className":40,"code":137429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137431,137432,137444,137454,137458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137433,137434,137436,137438,137440,137442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137435,35096],{"class":53},[47,137437,58],{"class":57},[47,137439,78],{"class":65},[47,137441,136802],{"class":69},[47,137443,689],{"class":65},[47,137445,137446,137448,137450,137452],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137447,35117],{"class":53},[47,137449,110],{"class":61},[47,137451,9285],{"class":113},[47,137453,9288],{"class":61},[47,137455,137456],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137457,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137459,137460,137462,137464,137466,137468],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137461,139],{"class":138},[47,137463,117],{"class":61},[47,137465,35117],{"class":113},[47,137467,4313],{"class":61},[47,137469,137470],{"class":152},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137472,137473],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[38,137475,137477],{"className":40,"code":137476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137478,137479,137491,137505,137509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137480,137481,137483,137485,137487,137489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137482,35096],{"class":53},[47,137484,58],{"class":57},[47,137486,78],{"class":65},[47,137488,136802],{"class":69},[47,137490,689],{"class":65},[47,137492,137493,137495,137497,137499,137501,137503],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137494,35096],{"class":53},[47,137496,58],{"class":57},[47,137498,43257],{"class":53},[47,137500,110],{"class":61},[47,137502,9285],{"class":113},[47,137504,9288],{"class":61},[47,137506,137507],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137508,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137510,137511,137513,137515,137517,137519],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137512,139],{"class":138},[47,137514,117],{"class":61},[47,137516,35117],{"class":113},[47,137518,4313],{"class":61},[47,137520,136814],{"class":152},[33,137522,1641],{"id":1640},[244,137524,26091],{"id":26090},[20,137526,137527,137528,11728,137530,110],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137529,9285],{},[15,137531,124508],{},[20,137533,17253],{},[38,137535,137537],{"className":40,"code":137536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137538,137539,137551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137540,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137542,35096],{"class":53},[47,137544,58],{"class":57},[47,137546,78],{"class":65},[47,137548,136802],{"class":69},[47,137550,689],{"class":65},[47,137552,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137554,139],{"class":138},[47,137556,117],{"class":61},[47,137558,35117],{"class":113},[47,137560,110],{"class":61},[47,137562,9285],{"class":25153},[47,137564,132],{"class":61},[20,137566,137567],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137569,17265],{},[38,137571,137573],{"className":40,"code":137572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137574,137575,137587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137576,137577,137579,137581,137583,137585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137578,35096],{"class":53},[47,137580,58],{"class":57},[47,137582,78],{"class":65},[47,137584,136802],{"class":69},[47,137586,689],{"class":65},[47,137588,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137590,139],{"class":138},[47,137592,117],{"class":61},[47,137594,35117],{"class":113},[47,137596,110],{"class":61},[47,137598,9285],{"class":113},[47,137600,7839],{"class":61},[244,137602,137604],{"id":137603},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137606,137607],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137609,17253],{},[38,137611,137613],{"className":40,"code":137612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137614,137615,137627,137637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137616,137617,137619,137621,137623,137625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137618,35096],{"class":53},[47,137620,58],{"class":57},[47,137622,78],{"class":65},[47,137624,136802],{"class":69},[47,137626,689],{"class":65},[47,137628,137629,137631,137633,137635],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137630,35117],{"class":53},[47,137632,110],{"class":61},[47,137634,9285],{"class":113},[47,137636,9288],{"class":61},[47,137638,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137640,139],{"class":138},[47,137642,117],{"class":61},[47,137644,35117],{"class":113},[47,137646,4313],{"class":61},[47,137648,137649],{"class":152},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137651,17265],{},[38,137653,137655],{"className":40,"code":137654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137656,137657,137669,137683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137658,137659,137661,137663,137665,137667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137660,35096],{"class":53},[47,137662,58],{"class":57},[47,137664,78],{"class":65},[47,137666,136802],{"class":69},[47,137668,689],{"class":65},[47,137670,137671,137673,137675,137677,137679,137681],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137672,35096],{"class":53},[47,137674,58],{"class":57},[47,137676,43257],{"class":53},[47,137678,110],{"class":61},[47,137680,9285],{"class":113},[47,137682,9288],{"class":61},[47,137684,137685,137687,137689,137691,137693],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137686,139],{"class":138},[47,137688,117],{"class":61},[47,137690,35117],{"class":113},[47,137692,4313],{"class":61},[47,137694,136814],{"class":152},[244,137696,453,137698,137700],{"id":137697},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137699,124508],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137702,137703,137705],{},[15,137704,124508],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137707,17253],{},[38,137709,137711],{"className":40,"code":137710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137712,137713,137721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137714,137715,137717,137719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137716,2866],{"class":53},[47,137718,58],{"class":57},[47,137720,125460],{"class":349},[47,137722,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137724,139],{"class":138},[47,137726,117],{"class":61},[47,137728,2889],{"class":113},[47,137730,110],{"class":61},[47,137732,9285],{"class":113},[47,137734,7839],{"class":61},[20,137736,137737,137738,34008],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137739,124508],{},[20,137741,137742],{},"You can check the type first:",[38,137744,137746],{"className":40,"code":137745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137747,137748,137760,137764,137778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137749,137750,137752,137754,137756,137758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137751,35096],{"class":53},[47,137753,58],{"class":57},[47,137755,78],{"class":65},[47,137757,136802],{"class":69},[47,137759,689],{"class":65},[47,137761,137762],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137763,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137765,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137767,139],{"class":138},[47,137769,117],{"class":61},[47,137771,2392],{"class":106},[47,137773,117],{"class":61},[47,137775,35117],{"class":113},[47,137777,2266],{"class":61},[47,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137781,139],{"class":138},[47,137783,117],{"class":61},[47,137785,35117],{"class":113},[47,137787,110],{"class":61},[47,137789,9285],{"class":113},[47,137791,7839],{"class":61},[244,137793,137795],{"id":137794},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137797,137798],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[38,137800,137802],{"className":40,"code":137801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137803,137804,137817,137821,137838,137853,137859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137805,137806,137808,137810,137812,137815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137807,137021],{"class":53},[47,137809,58],{"class":57},[47,137811,78],{"class":65},[47,137813,137814],{"class":69},"Yes",[47,137816,689],{"class":65},[47,137818,137819],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137820,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137822,137823,137825,137828,137830,137832,137834,137836],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137824,7642],{"class":1107},[47,137826,137827],{"class":53}," answer ",[47,137829,5332],{"class":57},[47,137831,78],{"class":65},[47,137833,9303],{"class":69},[47,137835,66],{"class":65},[47,137837,7038],{"class":61},[47,137839,137840,137842,137844,137846,137849,137851],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137841,8715],{"class":138},[47,137843,117],{"class":61},[47,137845,66],{"class":65},[47,137847,137848],{"class":69},"Match",[47,137850,66],{"class":65},[47,137852,132],{"class":61},[47,137854,137855,137857],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,137856,27838],{"class":1107},[47,137858,7038],{"class":61},[47,137860,137861,137863,137865,137867,137870,137872],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,137862,8715],{"class":138},[47,137864,117],{"class":61},[47,137866,66],{"class":65},[47,137868,137869],{"class":69},"No match",[47,137871,66],{"class":65},[47,137873,132],{"class":61},[20,137875,29466,137876,5036,137879,137882,137883,110],{},[15,137877,137878],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137880,137881],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137884,137869],{},[20,137886,137887],{},"Better:",[38,137889,137891],{"className":40,"code":137890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137892,137893,137905,137909,137931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137894,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137896,137021],{"class":53},[47,137898,58],{"class":57},[47,137900,78],{"class":65},[47,137902,137814],{"class":69},[47,137904,689],{"class":65},[47,137906,137907],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,137908,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,137910,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,137912,7642],{"class":1107},[47,137914,137041],{"class":53},[47,137916,110],{"class":61},[47,137918,9285],{"class":113},[47,137920,8011],{"class":61},[47,137922,7053],{"class":57},[47,137924,78],{"class":65},[47,137926,9303],{"class":69},[47,137928,66],{"class":65},[47,137930,7038],{"class":61},[47,137932,137933,137935,137937,137939,137941,137943],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,137934,8715],{"class":138},[47,137936,117],{"class":61},[47,137938,66],{"class":65},[47,137940,137848],{"class":69},[47,137942,66],{"class":65},[47,137944,132],{"class":61},[244,137946,44629,137948,137951],{"id":137947},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137949,137950],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137953,137954,137955,137957],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137956,124508],{}," is enough.",[20,137959,137960,137961,137963,137964,110],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137962,137950],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137965,124508],{},[20,137967,137968,137969,123020],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137970,124508],{},[33,137972,137974,11222,137976],{"id":137973},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137975,124508],{},[15,137977,128656],{},[20,137979,137980,5036,137982,137984],{},[15,137981,124508],{},[15,137983,128656],{}," are very similar.",[174,137986,137987,137992,137997,138000],{},[177,137988,137989,137991],{},[15,137990,124508],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[177,137993,137994,137996],{},[15,137995,128656],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[177,137998,137999],{},"Both return new strings",[177,138001,138002],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,138004,603],{},[38,138006,138008],{"className":40,"code":138007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,138009,138010,138022,138026,138042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138011,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138013,35096],{"class":53},[47,138015,58],{"class":57},[47,138017,78],{"class":65},[47,138019,129497],{"class":69},[47,138021,689],{"class":65},[47,138023,138024],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138025,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,138027,138028,138030,138032,138034,138036,138038,138040],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138029,139],{"class":138},[47,138031,117],{"class":61},[47,138033,35117],{"class":113},[47,138035,110],{"class":61},[47,138037,9285],{"class":113},[47,138039,136811],{"class":61},[47,138041,136709],{"class":152},[47,138043,138044,138046,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,138045,139],{"class":138},[47,138047,117],{"class":61},[47,138049,35117],{"class":113},[47,138051,110],{"class":61},[47,138053,34886],{"class":113},[47,138055,136811],{"class":61},[47,138057,138058],{"class":152},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,138060,138061,138062,110],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[210,138063,126778,138065,1637],{"href":138064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,138066,128656],{},[33,138068,2429],{"id":2428},[244,138070,2433,138072,125105],{"id":138071},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,138073,124508],{},[20,138075,138076],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[244,138078,2433,138080,138082],{"id":138079},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,138081,124508],{}," take any arguments?",[20,138084,138085,138086,110],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,138087,138088],{},"string.lower()",[244,138090,5785,138092,13344],{"id":138091},"what-does-lower-return",[15,138093,124508],{},[20,138095,138096],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[244,138098,28733,138100,138102],{"id":138099},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,138101,124508],{}," on user input?",[20,138104,138105,138106,138108],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,138107,3609],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[244,138110,5823,138112,5036,138114,3143],{"id":138111},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,138113,124508],{},[15,138115,137950],{},[20,138117,138118,138120,138121,138123],{},[15,138119,124508],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,138122,137950],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[33,138125,2526],{"id":2525},[174,138127,138128,138132,138138,138144,138150,138154,138158,138164],{},[177,138129,138130],{},[210,138131,51395],{"href":51394},[177,138133,138134],{},[210,138135,126778,138136,1637],{"href":138064},[15,138137,128656],{},[177,138139,138140],{},[210,138141,126778,138142,1637],{"href":137348},[15,138143,42068],{},[177,138145,138146],{},[210,138147,126778,138148,1637],{"href":130359},[15,138149,124949],{},[177,138151,138152],{},[210,138153,125177],{"href":124033},[177,138155,138156],{},[210,138157,91106],{"href":90115},[177,138159,138160],{},[210,138161,4226,138162,4159],{"href":8865},[15,138163,3609],{},[177,138165,138166],{},[210,138167,138168],{"href":136749},"What is a string in Python?",[2563,138170,138171],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":138173},[138174,138176,138177,138178,138179,138180,138181,138190,138192,138204],{"id":136719,"depth":98,"text":138175},"What lower() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":137168,"depth":98,"text":137169},{"id":16205,"depth":98,"text":16206},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":138182},[138183,138184,138185,138187,138188],{"id":26090,"depth":135,"text":26091},{"id":137603,"depth":135,"text":137604},{"id":137697,"depth":135,"text":138186},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137794,"depth":135,"text":137795},{"id":137947,"depth":135,"text":138189},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137973,"depth":98,"text":138191},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":138193},[138194,138196,138198,138200,138202],{"id":138071,"depth":135,"text":138195},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138079,"depth":135,"text":138197},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138091,"depth":135,"text":138199},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138099,"depth":135,"text":138201},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138111,"depth":135,"text":138203},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136636,"description":138205},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138212,"title":138213,"body":138214,"description":139764,"extension":2611,"meta":139765,"navigation":357,"path":139766,"seo":139767,"stem":139768,"__hash__":139769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138215,"toc":139725},[138216,138221,138226,138232,138247,138249,138309,138311,138320,138326,138331,138336,138338,138352,138356,138358,138405,138407,138425,138427,138430,138501,138503,138517,138520,138532,138541,138545,138550,138555,138559,138625,138627,138636,138640,138705,138707,138716,138719,138724,138728,138733,138737,138798,138800,138809,138813,138816,138872,138874,138883,138886,138899,138901,138905,138912,138974,138976,138989,138995,138998,139005,139010,139015,139018,139026,139028,139089,139091,139100,139103,139150,139153,139200,139202,139207,139224,139231,139236,139289,139291,139299,139301,139358,139360,139368,139372,139419,139421,139429,139437,139441,139489,139491,139500,139505,139556,139558,139567,139574,139577,139598,139600,139605,139608,139612,139615,139619,139622,139649,139655,139658,139685,139690,139692,139694,139722],[10,138217,123778,138219,18],{"id":138218},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138220,124949],{},[20,138222,123783,138223,138225],{},[15,138224,124949],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138227,138228,138229,138231],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138230,124949],{},". You will learn:",[174,138233,138234,138238,138241,138244],{},[177,138235,26423,138236,167],{},[15,138237,124949],{},[177,138239,138240],{},"how its syntax works",[177,138242,138243],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[177,138245,138246],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[33,138248,36],{"id":35},[38,138250,138252],{"className":40,"code":138251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138253,138254,138267,138299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262,138265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138257,35096],{"class":53},[47,138259,58],{"class":57},[47,138261,78],{"class":65},[47,138263,138264],{"class":69},"I like cats",[47,138266,689],{"class":65},[47,138268,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138286,138288,138290,138292,138295,138297],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138270,130617],{"class":53},[47,138272,58],{"class":57},[47,138274,43257],{"class":53},[47,138276,110],{"class":61},[47,138278,35408],{"class":113},[47,138280,117],{"class":61},[47,138282,66],{"class":65},[47,138284,138285],{"class":69},"cats",[47,138287,66],{"class":65},[47,138289,75],{"class":61},[47,138291,78],{"class":65},[47,138293,138294],{"class":69},"dogs",[47,138296,66],{"class":65},[47,138298,132],{"class":61},[47,138300,138301,138303,138305,138307],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138302,139],{"class":138},[47,138304,117],{"class":61},[47,138306,130648],{"class":113},[47,138308,132],{"class":61},[20,138310,372],{},[38,138312,138314],{"className":40,"code":138313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like dogs\n",[15,138315,138316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138317,138318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138319,138313],{"class":53},[20,138321,156,138322,138325],{},[15,138323,138324],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[33,138327,164,138329,167],{"id":138328},"what-replace-does",[15,138330,124949],{},[20,138332,138333,138335],{},[15,138334,124949],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138337,13677],{},[174,138339,138340,138342,138344,138347],{},[177,138341,134026],{},[177,138343,136744],{},[177,138345,138346],{},"It works on exact matches",[177,138348,138349,138350],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138351,41674],{},[20,138353,125530,138354,110],{},[210,138355,125533],{"href":51394},[33,138357,6076],{"id":6075},[38,138359,138361],{"className":40,"code":138360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138362,138363,138383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138364,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138376,138378,138381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138366,61596],{"class":53},[47,138368,110],{"class":61},[47,138370,35408],{"class":113},[47,138372,117],{"class":61},[47,138374,138375],{"class":113},"old",[47,138377,75],{"class":61},[47,138379,138380],{"class":113}," new",[47,138382,132],{"class":61},[47,138384,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138386,61596],{"class":53},[47,138388,110],{"class":61},[47,138390,35408],{"class":113},[47,138392,117],{"class":61},[47,138394,138375],{"class":113},[47,138396,75],{"class":61},[47,138398,138380],{"class":113},[47,138400,75],{"class":61},[47,138402,50020],{"class":113},[47,138404,132],{"class":61},[244,138406,247],{"id":246},[174,138408,138409,138414,138420],{},[177,138410,138411,138413],{},[15,138412,138375],{}," = the text to find",[177,138415,138416,138419],{},[15,138417,138418],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[177,138421,138422,138424],{},[15,138423,41674],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[33,138426,284],{"id":283},[20,138428,138429],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[38,138431,138433],{"className":40,"code":138432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138434,138435,138447,138477,138481,138491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138436,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138438,35096],{"class":53},[47,138440,58],{"class":57},[47,138442,78],{"class":65},[47,138444,138264],{"class":69},[47,138446,689],{"class":65},[47,138448,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469,138471,138473,138475],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138450,130617],{"class":53},[47,138452,58],{"class":57},[47,138454,43257],{"class":53},[47,138456,110],{"class":61},[47,138458,35408],{"class":113},[47,138460,117],{"class":61},[47,138462,66],{"class":65},[47,138464,138285],{"class":69},[47,138466,66],{"class":65},[47,138468,75],{"class":61},[47,138470,78],{"class":65},[47,138472,138294],{"class":69},[47,138474,66],{"class":65},[47,138476,132],{"class":61},[47,138478,138479],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138480,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,138482,138483,138485,138487,138489],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,138484,139],{"class":138},[47,138486,117],{"class":61},[47,138488,35117],{"class":113},[47,138490,132],{"class":61},[47,138492,138493,138495,138497,138499],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,138494,139],{"class":138},[47,138496,117],{"class":61},[47,138498,130648],{"class":113},[47,138500,132],{"class":61},[20,138502,372],{},[38,138504,138506],{"className":40,"code":138505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138507,138508,138513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138509,138510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138511,138512],{"class":53},"I like cats\n",[47,138514,138515],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138516,138313],{"class":53},[20,138518,138519],{},"Notice what happened:",[174,138521,138522,138527],{},[177,138523,138524,138526],{},[15,138525,35117],{}," did not change",[177,138528,138529,138531],{},[15,138530,130648],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138533,138534,138535,138537,138538,138540],{},"This happens because strings are ",[278,138536,137413],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138539,124949],{}," return a new string instead.",[33,138542,138544],{"id":138543},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138546,90124,138547,138549],{},[15,138548,124949],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138551,138552,138553,37033],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138554,41674],{},[244,138556,138558],{"id":138557},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[38,138560,138562],{"className":40,"code":138561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138563,138564,138577,138611,138615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138565,138566,138568,138570,138572,138575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138567,35096],{"class":53},[47,138569,58],{"class":57},[47,138571,78],{"class":65},[47,138573,138574],{"class":69},"cat cat cat",[47,138576,689],{"class":65},[47,138578,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603,138605,138607,138609],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138580,2879],{"class":53},[47,138582,58],{"class":57},[47,138584,43257],{"class":53},[47,138586,110],{"class":61},[47,138588,35408],{"class":113},[47,138590,117],{"class":61},[47,138592,66],{"class":65},[47,138594,37459],{"class":69},[47,138596,66],{"class":65},[47,138598,75],{"class":61},[47,138600,78],{"class":65},[47,138602,58548],{"class":69},[47,138604,66],{"class":65},[47,138606,75],{"class":61},[47,138608,2002],{"class":349},[47,138610,132],{"class":61},[47,138612,138613],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138614,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,138616,138617,138619,138621,138623],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,138618,139],{"class":138},[47,138620,117],{"class":61},[47,138622,2914],{"class":113},[47,138624,132],{"class":61},[20,138626,372],{},[38,138628,138630],{"className":40,"code":138629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138631,138632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138633,138634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138635,138629],{"class":53},[244,138637,138639],{"id":138638},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[38,138641,138643],{"className":40,"code":138642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138644,138645,138657,138691,138695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138646,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138648,35096],{"class":53},[47,138650,58],{"class":57},[47,138652,78],{"class":65},[47,138654,138574],{"class":69},[47,138656,689],{"class":65},[47,138658,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138660,2879],{"class":53},[47,138662,58],{"class":57},[47,138664,43257],{"class":53},[47,138666,110],{"class":61},[47,138668,35408],{"class":113},[47,138670,117],{"class":61},[47,138672,66],{"class":65},[47,138674,37459],{"class":69},[47,138676,66],{"class":65},[47,138678,75],{"class":61},[47,138680,78],{"class":65},[47,138682,58548],{"class":69},[47,138684,66],{"class":65},[47,138686,75],{"class":61},[47,138688,2409],{"class":349},[47,138690,132],{"class":61},[47,138692,138693],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138694,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,138696,138697,138699,138701,138703],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,138698,139],{"class":138},[47,138700,117],{"class":61},[47,138702,2914],{"class":113},[47,138704,132],{"class":61},[20,138706,372],{},[38,138708,138710],{"className":40,"code":138709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138711,138712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138713,138714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138715,138709],{"class":53},[20,138717,138718],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138720,138721,138722,110],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[210,138723,128502],{"href":124946},[33,138725,138727],{"id":138726},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138729,138730,138732],{},[15,138731,124949],{}," can also change single characters.",[244,138734,138736],{"id":138735},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[38,138738,138740],{"className":40,"code":138739,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138741,138742,138754,138784,138788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138743,138744,138746,138748,138750,138752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138745,35096],{"class":53},[47,138747,58],{"class":57},[47,138749,78],{"class":65},[47,138751,4729],{"class":69},[47,138753,689],{"class":65},[47,138755,138756,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138757,2879],{"class":53},[47,138759,58],{"class":57},[47,138761,43257],{"class":53},[47,138763,110],{"class":61},[47,138765,35408],{"class":113},[47,138767,117],{"class":61},[47,138769,66],{"class":65},[47,138771,210],{"class":69},[47,138773,66],{"class":65},[47,138775,75],{"class":61},[47,138777,78],{"class":65},[47,138779,60895],{"class":69},[47,138781,66],{"class":65},[47,138783,132],{"class":61},[47,138785,138786],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138787,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,138789,138790,138792,138794,138796],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,138791,139],{"class":138},[47,138793,117],{"class":61},[47,138795,2914],{"class":113},[47,138797,132],{"class":61},[20,138799,372],{},[38,138801,138803],{"className":40,"code":138802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bonono\n",[15,138804,138805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138806,138807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138808,138802],{"class":53},[244,138810,138812],{"id":138811},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138814,138815],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[38,138817,138819],{"className":40,"code":138818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138820,138821,138834,138858,138862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138822,138823,138825,138827,138829,138832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138824,35096],{"class":53},[47,138826,58],{"class":57},[47,138828,78],{"class":65},[47,138830,138831],{"class":69},"a b c",[47,138833,689],{"class":65},[47,138835,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138837,2879],{"class":53},[47,138839,58],{"class":57},[47,138841,43257],{"class":53},[47,138843,110],{"class":61},[47,138845,35408],{"class":113},[47,138847,117],{"class":61},[47,138849,66],{"class":65},[47,138851,78],{"class":65},[47,138853,75],{"class":61},[47,138855,6770],{"class":65},[47,138857,132],{"class":61},[47,138859,138860],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138861,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,138863,138864,138866,138868,138870],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,138865,139],{"class":138},[47,138867,117],{"class":61},[47,138869,2914],{"class":113},[47,138871,132],{"class":61},[20,138873,372],{},[38,138875,138877],{"className":40,"code":138876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abc\n",[15,138878,138879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138880,138881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138882,138876],{"class":53},[20,138884,138885],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138887,138888,138889,138893,138894,138898],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[210,138890,126778,138891,1637],{"href":129465},[15,138892,60953],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[210,138895,126778,138896,1637],{"href":137348},[15,138897,42068],{}," is often a better choice.",[33,138900,124425],{"id":124424},[20,138902,138903,124236],{},[15,138904,124949],{},[20,138906,127823,138907,5036,138909,127830],{},[15,138908,113462],{},[15,138910,138911],{},"\"Cat\"",[38,138913,138915],{"className":40,"code":138914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138916,138917,138930,138960,138964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138918,138919,138921,138923,138925,138928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138920,35096],{"class":53},[47,138922,58],{"class":57},[47,138924,78],{"class":65},[47,138926,138927],{"class":69},"Cat cat CAT",[47,138929,689],{"class":65},[47,138931,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954,138956,138958],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,138933,2879],{"class":53},[47,138935,58],{"class":57},[47,138937,43257],{"class":53},[47,138939,110],{"class":61},[47,138941,35408],{"class":113},[47,138943,117],{"class":61},[47,138945,66],{"class":65},[47,138947,37459],{"class":69},[47,138949,66],{"class":65},[47,138951,75],{"class":61},[47,138953,78],{"class":65},[47,138955,58548],{"class":69},[47,138957,66],{"class":65},[47,138959,132],{"class":61},[47,138961,138962],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,138963,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,138965,138966,138968,138970,138972],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,138967,139],{"class":138},[47,138969,117],{"class":61},[47,138971,2914],{"class":113},[47,138973,132],{"class":61},[20,138975,372],{},[38,138977,138979],{"className":40,"code":138978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138980,138981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138982,138983,138986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138984,138985],{"class":53},"Cat dog ",[47,138987,138988],{"class":34861},"CAT\n",[20,138990,138991,138992,138994],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138993,113462],{}," was replaced.",[20,138996,138997],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138999,139000,139001,110],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[210,139002,126778,139003,1637],{"href":124505},[15,139004,124508],{},[33,139006,164,139008,12336],{"id":139007},"what-replace-returns",[15,139009,124949],{},[20,139011,139012,139014],{},[15,139013,124949],{}," returns a new string.",[20,139016,139017],{},"If no match is found:",[174,139019,139020,139023],{},[177,139021,139022],{},"no error happens",[177,139024,139025],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,139027,603],{},[38,139029,139031],{"className":40,"code":139030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139032,139033,139045,139075,139079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139034,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139036,35096],{"class":53},[47,139038,58],{"class":57},[47,139040,78],{"class":65},[47,139042,4492],{"class":69},[47,139044,689],{"class":65},[47,139046,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139048,2879],{"class":53},[47,139050,58],{"class":57},[47,139052,43257],{"class":53},[47,139054,110],{"class":61},[47,139056,35408],{"class":113},[47,139058,117],{"class":61},[47,139060,66],{"class":65},[47,139062,1995],{"class":69},[47,139064,66],{"class":65},[47,139066,75],{"class":61},[47,139068,78],{"class":65},[47,139070,2161],{"class":69},[47,139072,66],{"class":65},[47,139074,132],{"class":61},[47,139076,139077],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,139078,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,139080,139081,139083,139085,139087],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,139082,139],{"class":138},[47,139084,117],{"class":61},[47,139086,2914],{"class":113},[47,139088,132],{"class":61},[20,139090,372],{},[38,139092,139094],{"className":40,"code":139093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello\n",[15,139095,139096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139097,139098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139099,139093],{"class":53},[20,139101,139102],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[38,139104,139106],{"className":40,"code":139105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139107,139108,139120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139109,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139111,35096],{"class":53},[47,139113,58],{"class":57},[47,139115,78],{"class":65},[47,139117,60828],{"class":69},[47,139119,689],{"class":65},[47,139121,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139123,130617],{"class":53},[47,139125,58],{"class":57},[47,139127,43257],{"class":53},[47,139129,110],{"class":61},[47,139131,35408],{"class":113},[47,139133,117],{"class":61},[47,139135,66],{"class":65},[47,139137,61013],{"class":69},[47,139139,66],{"class":65},[47,139141,75],{"class":61},[47,139143,78],{"class":65},[47,139145,7942],{"class":69},[47,139147,66],{"class":65},[47,139149,132],{"class":61},[20,139151,139152],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[38,139154,139156],{"className":40,"code":139155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139157,139158,139170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139159,139160,139162,139164,139166,139168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139161,35096],{"class":53},[47,139163,58],{"class":57},[47,139165,78],{"class":65},[47,139167,60828],{"class":69},[47,139169,689],{"class":65},[47,139171,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139173,35096],{"class":53},[47,139175,58],{"class":57},[47,139177,43257],{"class":53},[47,139179,110],{"class":61},[47,139181,35408],{"class":113},[47,139183,117],{"class":61},[47,139185,66],{"class":65},[47,139187,61013],{"class":69},[47,139189,66],{"class":65},[47,139191,75],{"class":61},[47,139193,78],{"class":65},[47,139195,7942],{"class":69},[47,139197,66],{"class":65},[47,139199,132],{"class":61},[33,139201,5162],{"id":5161},[20,139203,139204,139205,172],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139206,124949],{},[174,139208,139209,139212,139216,139219],{},[177,139210,139211],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[177,139213,1968,139214,131998],{},[15,139215,124949],{},[177,139217,139218],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[177,139220,37616,139221,139223],{},[15,139222,124949],{}," with regex-based replacements",[244,139225,139227,139228,139230],{"id":139226},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139229,124949],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139232,139233,139234,172],{},"This does not update ",[15,139235,35117],{},[38,139237,139239],{"className":40,"code":139238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139240,139241,139253,139279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139242,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139244,35096],{"class":53},[47,139246,58],{"class":57},[47,139248,78],{"class":65},[47,139250,138264],{"class":69},[47,139252,689],{"class":65},[47,139254,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139256,35117],{"class":53},[47,139258,110],{"class":61},[47,139260,35408],{"class":113},[47,139262,117],{"class":61},[47,139264,66],{"class":65},[47,139266,138285],{"class":69},[47,139268,66],{"class":65},[47,139270,75],{"class":61},[47,139272,78],{"class":65},[47,139274,138294],{"class":69},[47,139276,66],{"class":65},[47,139278,132],{"class":61},[47,139280,139281,139283,139285,139287],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,139282,139],{"class":138},[47,139284,117],{"class":61},[47,139286,35117],{"class":113},[47,139288,132],{"class":61},[20,139290,372],{},[38,139292,139293],{"className":40,"code":138512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139294,139295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139296,139297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139298,138512],{"class":53},[20,139300,11443],{},[38,139302,139304],{"className":40,"code":139303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139305,139306,139318,139348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139307,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139309,35096],{"class":53},[47,139311,58],{"class":57},[47,139313,78],{"class":65},[47,139315,138264],{"class":69},[47,139317,689],{"class":65},[47,139319,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139321,35096],{"class":53},[47,139323,58],{"class":57},[47,139325,43257],{"class":53},[47,139327,110],{"class":61},[47,139329,35408],{"class":113},[47,139331,117],{"class":61},[47,139333,66],{"class":65},[47,139335,138285],{"class":69},[47,139337,66],{"class":65},[47,139339,75],{"class":61},[47,139341,78],{"class":65},[47,139343,138294],{"class":69},[47,139345,66],{"class":65},[47,139347,132],{"class":61},[47,139349,139350,139352,139354,139356],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,139351,139],{"class":138},[47,139353,117],{"class":61},[47,139355,35117],{"class":113},[47,139357,132],{"class":61},[20,139359,372],{},[38,139361,139362],{"className":40,"code":138313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139363,139364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139365,139366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139367,138313],{"class":53},[244,139369,139371],{"id":139370},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[38,139373,139375],{"className":40,"code":139374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139376,139377,139389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139378,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139380,35096],{"class":53},[47,139382,58],{"class":57},[47,139384,78],{"class":65},[47,139386,35276],{"class":69},[47,139388,689],{"class":65},[47,139390,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139392,139],{"class":138},[47,139394,117],{"class":61},[47,139396,35117],{"class":113},[47,139398,110],{"class":61},[47,139400,35408],{"class":113},[47,139402,117],{"class":61},[47,139404,66],{"class":65},[47,139406,4492],{"class":69},[47,139408,66],{"class":65},[47,139410,75],{"class":61},[47,139412,78],{"class":65},[47,139414,90359],{"class":69},[47,139416,66],{"class":65},[47,139418,2266],{"class":61},[20,139420,372],{},[38,139422,139423],{"className":40,"code":89372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139424,139425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139426,139427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139428,89372],{"class":53},[20,139430,139431,139432,5036,139434,139436],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139433,64957],{},[15,139435,90841],{}," are not the same.",[244,139438,139440],{"id":139439},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[38,139442,139444],{"className":40,"code":139443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139445,139446,139459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139447,139448,139450,139452,139454,139457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139449,35096],{"class":53},[47,139451,58],{"class":57},[47,139453,78],{"class":65},[47,139455,139456],{"class":69},"red red red",[47,139458,689],{"class":65},[47,139460,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475,139477,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139462,139],{"class":138},[47,139464,117],{"class":61},[47,139466,35117],{"class":113},[47,139468,110],{"class":61},[47,139470,35408],{"class":113},[47,139472,117],{"class":61},[47,139474,66],{"class":65},[47,139476,305],{"class":69},[47,139478,66],{"class":65},[47,139480,75],{"class":61},[47,139482,78],{"class":65},[47,139484,323],{"class":69},[47,139486,66],{"class":65},[47,139488,2266],{"class":61},[20,139490,372],{},[38,139492,139494],{"className":40,"code":139493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139495,139496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139497,139498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139499,139493],{"class":53},[20,139501,139502,139503,172],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139504,41674],{},[38,139506,139508],{"className":40,"code":139507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139509,139510,139522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139511,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139513,35096],{"class":53},[47,139515,58],{"class":57},[47,139517,78],{"class":65},[47,139519,139456],{"class":69},[47,139521,689],{"class":65},[47,139523,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139525,139],{"class":138},[47,139527,117],{"class":61},[47,139529,35117],{"class":113},[47,139531,110],{"class":61},[47,139533,35408],{"class":113},[47,139535,117],{"class":61},[47,139537,66],{"class":65},[47,139539,305],{"class":69},[47,139541,66],{"class":65},[47,139543,75],{"class":61},[47,139545,78],{"class":65},[47,139547,323],{"class":69},[47,139549,66],{"class":65},[47,139551,75],{"class":61},[47,139553,2002],{"class":349},[47,139555,2266],{"class":61},[20,139557,372],{},[38,139559,139561],{"className":40,"code":139560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue red red\n",[15,139562,139563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139564,139565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139566,139560],{"class":53},[244,139568,139570,139571,139573],{"id":139569},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139572,124949],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139575,139576],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[174,139578,139579,139586,139593],{},[177,139580,156,139581,139585],{},[210,139582,139583],{"href":129465},[15,139584,60953],{}," to break a string into a list",[177,139587,156,139588,139592],{},[210,139589,139590],{"href":137348},[15,139591,42068],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[177,139594,156,139595,139597],{},[15,139596,124949],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[33,139599,2429],{"id":2428},[244,139601,2433,139603,125105],{"id":139602},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139604,124949],{},[20,139606,139607],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[244,139609,139611],{"id":139610},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139613,139614],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[244,139616,139618],{"id":139617},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139620,139621],{},"Use the third argument:",[38,139623,139625],{"className":40,"code":139624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139626,139627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139628,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139630,35117],{"class":53},[47,139632,110],{"class":61},[47,139634,35408],{"class":113},[47,139636,117],{"class":61},[47,139638,138375],{"class":113},[47,139640,75],{"class":61},[47,139642,138380],{"class":113},[47,139644,75],{"class":61},[47,139646,2002],{"class":349},[47,139648,132],{"class":61},[244,139650,5813,139652,139654],{"id":139651},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139653,124949],{}," remove text?",[20,139656,139657],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[38,139659,139661],{"className":40,"code":139660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139662,139663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139664,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139666,35117],{"class":53},[47,139668,110],{"class":61},[47,139670,35408],{"class":113},[47,139672,117],{"class":61},[47,139674,66],{"class":65},[47,139676,1995],{"class":69},[47,139678,66],{"class":65},[47,139680,75],{"class":61},[47,139682,6770],{"class":65},[47,139684,132],{"class":61},[244,139686,15516,139688,125114],{"id":139687},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139689,124949],{},[20,139691,130307],{},[33,139693,2526],{"id":2525},[174,139695,139696,139700,139706,139712,139718],{},[177,139697,139698],{},[210,139699,125184],{"href":124946},[177,139701,139702],{},[210,139703,126778,139704,1637],{"href":129465},[15,139705,60953],{},[177,139707,139708],{},[210,139709,126778,139710,1637],{"href":137348},[15,139711,42068],{},[177,139713,139714],{},[210,139715,126778,139716,1637],{"href":124505},[15,139717,124508],{},[177,139719,139720],{},[210,139721,125533],{"href":51394},[2563,139723,139724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":139726},[139727,139728,139730,139733,139734,139738,139742,139743,139745,139753,139763],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":138328,"depth":98,"text":139729},"What replace() does",{"id":6075,"depth":98,"text":6076,"children":139731},[139732],{"id":246,"depth":135,"text":247},{"id":283,"depth":98,"text":284},{"id":138543,"depth":98,"text":138544,"children":139735},[139736,139737],{"id":138557,"depth":135,"text":138558},{"id":138638,"depth":135,"text":138639},{"id":138726,"depth":98,"text":138727,"children":139739},[139740,139741],{"id":138735,"depth":135,"text":138736},{"id":138811,"depth":135,"text":138812},{"id":124424,"depth":98,"text":124425},{"id":139007,"depth":98,"text":139744},"What replace() returns",{"id":5161,"depth":98,"text":5162,"children":139746},[139747,139749,139750,139751],{"id":139226,"depth":135,"text":139748},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139370,"depth":135,"text":139371},{"id":139439,"depth":135,"text":139440},{"id":139569,"depth":135,"text":139752},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":139754},[139755,139757,139758,139759,139761],{"id":139602,"depth":135,"text":139756},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139610,"depth":135,"text":139611},{"id":139617,"depth":135,"text":139618},{"id":139651,"depth":135,"text":139760},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139687,"depth":135,"text":139762},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138213,"description":139764},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139771,"title":139772,"body":139773,"description":141792,"extension":2611,"meta":141793,"navigation":357,"path":141794,"seo":141795,"stem":141796,"__hash__":141797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139774,"toc":141756},[139775,139780,139785,139788,139799,139801,139856,139861,139866,139873,139875,139890,139892,139948,139950,139988,139993,139995,140019,140022,140035,140040,140042,140074,140076,140109,140115,140120,140123,140133,140136,140138,140194,140196,140246,140249,140257,140260,140316,140318,140391,140404,140412,140416,140427,140430,140433,140486,140488,140520,140523,140577,140579,140614,140617,140622,140627,140632,140635,140637,140695,140697,140731,140733,140748,140751,140753,140795,140797,140823,140828,140836,140839,140841,140923,140925,140976,140979,140990,140998,141000,141073,141075,141093,141097,141100,141104,141131,141133,141141,141145,141180,141182,141195,141199,141202,141241,141243,141260,141265,141270,141281,141284,141295,141297,141299,141325,141328,141377,141379,141396,141399,141401,141453,141455,141487,141490,141548,141553,141555,141560,141663,141665,141679,141681,141688,141693,141698,141703,141708,141713,141716,141720,141725,141727,141753],[10,139776,123778,139778,18],{"id":139777},"python-string-split-method",[15,139779,60953],{},[20,139781,123783,139782,139784],{},[15,139783,60953],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139786,139787],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[174,139789,139790,139793,139796],{},[177,139791,139792],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[177,139794,139795],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[177,139797,139798],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[33,139800,36],{"id":35},[38,139802,139804],{"className":40,"code":139803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139805,139806,139819,139841,139851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139807,139808,139810,139812,139814,139817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139809,35096],{"class":53},[47,139811,58],{"class":57},[47,139813,78],{"class":65},[47,139815,139816],{"class":69},"apple,banana,cherry",[47,139818,689],{"class":65},[47,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139822,43252],{"class":53},[47,139824,58],{"class":57},[47,139826,43257],{"class":53},[47,139828,110],{"class":61},[47,139830,34877],{"class":113},[47,139832,117],{"class":61},[47,139834,66],{"class":65},[47,139836,75],{"class":69},[47,139838,66],{"class":65},[47,139840,132],{"class":61},[47,139842,139843,139845,139847,139849],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,139844,139],{"class":138},[47,139846,117],{"class":61},[47,139848,43284],{"class":113},[47,139850,132],{"class":61},[47,139852,139853],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,139854,139855],{"class":152},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139857,156,139858,139860],{},[15,139859,60953],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[33,139862,164,139864,167],{"id":139863},"what-split-does",[15,139865,60953],{},[20,139867,139868,132826,139870,110],{},[15,139869,60953],{},[278,139871,139872],{},"string method",[20,139874,49345],{},[174,139876,139877,139880,139885],{},[177,139878,139879],{},"divides a string into parts",[177,139881,120080,139882],{},[278,139883,139884],{},"new list of strings",[177,139886,120086,139887,139889],{},[278,139888,1369],{}," change the original string",[20,139891,603],{},[38,139893,139895],{"className":40,"code":139894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139896,139897,139910,139924,139928,139938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139898,139899,139901,139903,139905,139908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139900,35096],{"class":53},[47,139902,58],{"class":57},[47,139904,78],{"class":65},[47,139906,139907],{"class":69},"red blue green",[47,139909,689],{"class":65},[47,139911,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139913,43252],{"class":53},[47,139915,58],{"class":57},[47,139917,43257],{"class":53},[47,139919,110],{"class":61},[47,139921,34877],{"class":113},[47,139923,9288],{"class":61},[47,139925,139926],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,139927,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,139929,139930,139932,139934,139936],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,139931,139],{"class":138},[47,139933,117],{"class":61},[47,139935,35117],{"class":113},[47,139937,132],{"class":61},[47,139939,139940,139942,139944,139946],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,139941,139],{"class":138},[47,139943,117],{"class":61},[47,139945,43284],{"class":113},[47,139947,132],{"class":61},[20,139949,372],{},[38,139951,139953],{"className":40,"code":139952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139954,139955,139960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139956,139957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139958,139959],{"class":53},"red blue green\n",[47,139961,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,139963,669],{"class":61},[47,139965,385],{"class":65},[47,139967,305],{"class":69},[47,139969,385],{"class":65},[47,139971,75],{"class":61},[47,139973,398],{"class":65},[47,139975,323],{"class":69},[47,139977,385],{"class":65},[47,139979,75],{"class":61},[47,139981,398],{"class":65},[47,139983,314],{"class":69},[47,139985,385],{"class":65},[47,139987,95],{"class":61},[20,139989,139990,139991,110],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[210,139992,125533],{"href":51394},[33,139994,2806],{"id":2805},[38,139996,139998],{"className":40,"code":139997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139999,140000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140001,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140003,61596],{"class":53},[47,140005,110],{"class":61},[47,140007,34877],{"class":113},[47,140009,117],{"class":61},[47,140011,134182],{"class":113},[47,140013,75],{"class":61},[47,140015,140016],{"class":113}," maxsplit",[47,140018,132],{"class":61},[20,140020,140021],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[174,140023,140024,140029],{},[177,140025,140026,140028],{},[15,140027,134182],{}," tells Python where to split",[177,140030,140031,140034],{},[15,140032,140033],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,140036,9520,140037,140039],{},[15,140038,134182],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140041,603],{},[38,140043,140045],{"className":40,"code":140044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140046,140047,140060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140048,140049,140051,140053,140055,140058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140050,35096],{"class":53},[47,140052,58],{"class":57},[47,140054,78],{"class":65},[47,140056,140057],{"class":69},"one two three",[47,140059,689],{"class":65},[47,140061,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140063,139],{"class":138},[47,140065,117],{"class":61},[47,140067,35117],{"class":113},[47,140069,110],{"class":61},[47,140071,34877],{"class":113},[47,140073,7839],{"class":61},[20,140075,372],{},[38,140077,140079],{"className":40,"code":140078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,140080,140081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140082,140083,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140084,669],{"class":61},[47,140086,385],{"class":65},[47,140088,7229],{"class":69},[47,140090,385],{"class":65},[47,140092,75],{"class":61},[47,140094,398],{"class":65},[47,140096,79694],{"class":69},[47,140098,385],{"class":65},[47,140100,75],{"class":61},[47,140102,398],{"class":65},[47,140104,134664],{"class":69},[47,140106,385],{"class":65},[47,140108,95],{"class":61},[33,140110,453,140112,140114],{"id":140111},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,140113,60953],{}," with no separator",[20,140116,70597,140117,140119],{},[15,140118,60953],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140121,140122],{},"Whitespace includes:",[174,140124,140125,140127,140130],{},[177,140126,11089],{},[177,140128,140129],{},"tabs",[177,140131,140132],{},"new lines",[20,140134,140135],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,140137,603],{},[38,140139,140141],{"className":40,"code":140140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140142,140143,140166,140180,140184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140144,140145,140147,140149,140151,140154,140157,140159,140161,140164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140146,35096],{"class":53},[47,140148,58],{"class":57},[47,140150,78],{"class":65},[47,140152,140153],{"class":69},"Python   is",[47,140155,140156],{"class":34861},"\\t",[47,140158,133918],{"class":69},[47,140160,87576],{"class":34861},[47,140162,140163],{"class":69},"and useful",[47,140165,689],{"class":65},[47,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140169,43252],{"class":53},[47,140171,58],{"class":57},[47,140173,43257],{"class":53},[47,140175,110],{"class":61},[47,140177,34877],{"class":113},[47,140179,9288],{"class":61},[47,140181,140182],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,140183,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,140185,140186,140188,140190,140192],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,140187,139],{"class":138},[47,140189,117],{"class":61},[47,140191,43284],{"class":113},[47,140193,132],{"class":61},[20,140195,372],{},[38,140197,140199],{"className":40,"code":140198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140200,140201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140202,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140242,140244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140204,669],{"class":61},[47,140206,385],{"class":65},[47,140208,7942],{"class":69},[47,140210,385],{"class":65},[47,140212,75],{"class":61},[47,140214,398],{"class":65},[47,140216,12822],{"class":69},[47,140218,385],{"class":65},[47,140220,75],{"class":61},[47,140222,398],{"class":65},[47,140224,133918],{"class":69},[47,140226,385],{"class":65},[47,140228,75],{"class":61},[47,140230,398],{"class":65},[47,140232,130543],{"class":69},[47,140234,385],{"class":65},[47,140236,75],{"class":61},[47,140238,398],{"class":65},[47,140240,140241],{"class":69},"useful",[47,140243,385],{"class":65},[47,140245,95],{"class":61},[20,140247,140248],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[244,140250,140252,11222,140254],{"id":140251},"split-vs-split",[15,140253,60953],{},[15,140255,140256],{},"split(' ')",[20,140258,140259],{},"These are not the same.",[38,140261,140263],{"className":40,"code":140262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140264,140265,140278,140282,140296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140266,140267,140269,140271,140273,140276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140268,35096],{"class":53},[47,140270,58],{"class":57},[47,140272,78],{"class":65},[47,140274,140275],{"class":69},"a  b   c",[47,140277,689],{"class":65},[47,140279,140280],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140281,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,140285,139],{"class":138},[47,140287,117],{"class":61},[47,140289,35117],{"class":113},[47,140291,110],{"class":61},[47,140293,34877],{"class":113},[47,140295,7839],{"class":61},[47,140297,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310,140312,140314],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,140299,139],{"class":138},[47,140301,117],{"class":61},[47,140303,35117],{"class":113},[47,140305,110],{"class":61},[47,140307,34877],{"class":113},[47,140309,117],{"class":61},[47,140311,66],{"class":65},[47,140313,78],{"class":65},[47,140315,2266],{"class":61},[20,140317,372],{},[38,140319,140321],{"className":40,"code":140320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140322,140323,140351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140324,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140326,669],{"class":61},[47,140328,385],{"class":65},[47,140330,210],{"class":69},[47,140332,385],{"class":65},[47,140334,75],{"class":61},[47,140336,398],{"class":65},[47,140338,854],{"class":69},[47,140340,385],{"class":65},[47,140342,75],{"class":61},[47,140344,398],{"class":65},[47,140346,863],{"class":69},[47,140348,385],{"class":65},[47,140350,95],{"class":61},[47,140352,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140354,669],{"class":61},[47,140356,385],{"class":65},[47,140358,210],{"class":69},[47,140360,385],{"class":65},[47,140362,75],{"class":61},[47,140364,4485],{"class":65},[47,140366,75],{"class":61},[47,140368,398],{"class":65},[47,140370,854],{"class":69},[47,140372,385],{"class":65},[47,140374,75],{"class":61},[47,140376,4485],{"class":65},[47,140378,75],{"class":61},[47,140380,4485],{"class":65},[47,140382,75],{"class":61},[47,140384,398],{"class":65},[47,140386,863],{"class":69},[47,140388,385],{"class":65},[47,140390,95],{"class":61},[174,140392,140393,140398],{},[177,140394,140395,140397],{},[15,140396,60953],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[177,140399,140400,140403],{},[15,140401,140402],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140405,140406,140407,140411],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[210,140408,126778,140409,1637],{"href":137348},[15,140410,42068],{}," is often useful.",[33,140413,140415],{"id":140414},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140417,140418,140419,2838,140422,2842,140424,110],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140420,140421],{},"\",\"",[15,140423,134017],{},[15,140425,140426],{},"\"::\"",[20,140428,140429],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140431,140432],{},"Example with commas:",[38,140434,140436],{"className":40,"code":140435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140437,140438,140450,140472,140476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140439,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140441,35096],{"class":53},[47,140443,58],{"class":57},[47,140445,78],{"class":65},[47,140447,139816],{"class":69},[47,140449,689],{"class":65},[47,140451,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140453,43252],{"class":53},[47,140455,58],{"class":57},[47,140457,43257],{"class":53},[47,140459,110],{"class":61},[47,140461,34877],{"class":113},[47,140463,117],{"class":61},[47,140465,66],{"class":65},[47,140467,75],{"class":69},[47,140469,66],{"class":65},[47,140471,132],{"class":61},[47,140473,140474],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,140475,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,140477,140478,140480,140482,140484],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,140479,139],{"class":138},[47,140481,117],{"class":61},[47,140483,43284],{"class":113},[47,140485,132],{"class":61},[20,140487,372],{},[38,140489,140490],{"className":40,"code":78873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140491,140492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140493,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140495,669],{"class":61},[47,140497,385],{"class":65},[47,140499,4720],{"class":69},[47,140501,385],{"class":65},[47,140503,75],{"class":61},[47,140505,398],{"class":65},[47,140507,4729],{"class":69},[47,140509,385],{"class":65},[47,140511,75],{"class":61},[47,140513,398],{"class":65},[47,140515,4738],{"class":69},[47,140517,385],{"class":65},[47,140519,95],{"class":61},[20,140521,140522],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[38,140524,140526],{"className":40,"code":140525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140527,140528,140541,140563,140567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140529,140530,140532,140534,140536,140539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140531,35096],{"class":53},[47,140533,58],{"class":57},[47,140535,78],{"class":65},[47,140537,140538],{"class":69},"2024::10::31",[47,140540,689],{"class":65},[47,140542,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140544,43252],{"class":53},[47,140546,58],{"class":57},[47,140548,43257],{"class":53},[47,140550,110],{"class":61},[47,140552,34877],{"class":113},[47,140554,117],{"class":61},[47,140556,66],{"class":65},[47,140558,77090],{"class":69},[47,140560,66],{"class":65},[47,140562,132],{"class":61},[47,140564,140565],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,140566,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,140568,140569,140571,140573,140575],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,140570,139],{"class":138},[47,140572,117],{"class":61},[47,140574,43284],{"class":113},[47,140576,132],{"class":61},[20,140578,372],{},[38,140580,140582],{"className":40,"code":140581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140583,140584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140585,140586,140588,140590,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140610,140612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140587,669],{"class":61},[47,140589,385],{"class":65},[47,140591,140592],{"class":69},"2024",[47,140594,385],{"class":65},[47,140596,75],{"class":61},[47,140598,398],{"class":65},[47,140600,2981],{"class":69},[47,140602,385],{"class":65},[47,140604,75],{"class":61},[47,140606,398],{"class":65},[47,140608,140609],{"class":69},"31",[47,140611,385],{"class":65},[47,140613,95],{"class":61},[20,140615,140616],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140618,140619,140620,110],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[210,140621,129462],{"href":129461},[33,140623,453,140625],{"id":140624},"using-maxsplit",[15,140626,140033],{},[20,140628,140629,140631],{},[15,140630,140033],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140633,140634],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140636,603],{},[38,140638,140640],{"className":40,"code":140639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140641,140642,140655,140681,140685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140643,140644,140646,140648,140650,140653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140645,35096],{"class":53},[47,140647,58],{"class":57},[47,140649,78],{"class":65},[47,140651,140652],{"class":69},"name:age:city:country",[47,140654,689],{"class":65},[47,140656,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140658,43252],{"class":53},[47,140660,58],{"class":57},[47,140662,43257],{"class":53},[47,140664,110],{"class":61},[47,140666,34877],{"class":113},[47,140668,117],{"class":61},[47,140670,66],{"class":65},[47,140672,172],{"class":69},[47,140674,66],{"class":65},[47,140676,75],{"class":61},[47,140678,2409],{"class":349},[47,140680,132],{"class":61},[47,140682,140683],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,140684,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,140686,140687,140689,140691,140693],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,140688,139],{"class":138},[47,140690,117],{"class":61},[47,140692,43284],{"class":113},[47,140694,132],{"class":61},[20,140696,372],{},[38,140698,140700],{"className":40,"code":140699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140701,140702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140703,140704,140706,140708,140710,140712,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140727,140729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140705,669],{"class":61},[47,140707,385],{"class":65},[47,140709,70],{"class":69},[47,140711,385],{"class":65},[47,140713,75],{"class":61},[47,140715,398],{"class":65},[47,140717,81],{"class":69},[47,140719,385],{"class":65},[47,140721,75],{"class":61},[47,140723,398],{"class":65},[47,140725,140726],{"class":69},"city:country",[47,140728,385],{"class":65},[47,140730,95],{"class":61},[20,140732,2827],{},[174,140734,140735,140740,140745],{},[177,140736,140737,140738],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140739,172],{},[177,140741,140742,140743],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140744,172],{},[177,140746,140747],{},"then stops",[20,140749,140750],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140752,52499],{},[38,140754,140756],{"className":40,"code":140755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140757,140758,140771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140759,140760,140762,140764,140766,140769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140761,35096],{"class":53},[47,140763,58],{"class":57},[47,140765,78],{"class":65},[47,140767,140768],{"class":69},"apple banana cherry grape",[47,140770,689],{"class":65},[47,140772,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140774,139],{"class":138},[47,140776,117],{"class":61},[47,140778,35117],{"class":113},[47,140780,110],{"class":61},[47,140782,34877],{"class":113},[47,140784,117],{"class":61},[47,140786,66],{"class":65},[47,140788,78],{"class":65},[47,140790,75],{"class":61},[47,140792,2002],{"class":349},[47,140794,2266],{"class":61},[20,140796,372],{},[38,140798,140800],{"className":40,"code":140799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140801,140802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140803,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140819,140821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140805,669],{"class":61},[47,140807,385],{"class":65},[47,140809,4720],{"class":69},[47,140811,385],{"class":65},[47,140813,75],{"class":61},[47,140815,398],{"class":65},[47,140817,140818],{"class":69},"banana cherry grape",[47,140820,385],{"class":65},[47,140822,95],{"class":61},[33,140824,164,140826,12336],{"id":140825},"what-split-returns",[15,140827,60953],{},[20,140829,140830,140831,140833,140834,110],{},"The result of ",[15,140832,60953],{}," is always a ",[278,140835,1892],{},[20,140837,140838],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140840,603],{},[38,140842,140844],{"className":40,"code":140843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140845,140846,140859,140881,140885,140895,140909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140847,140848,140850,140852,140854,140857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140849,35096],{"class":53},[47,140851,58],{"class":57},[47,140853,78],{"class":65},[47,140855,140856],{"class":69},"cat,dog,bird",[47,140858,689],{"class":65},[47,140860,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140862,43252],{"class":53},[47,140864,58],{"class":57},[47,140866,43257],{"class":53},[47,140868,110],{"class":61},[47,140870,34877],{"class":113},[47,140872,117],{"class":61},[47,140874,66],{"class":65},[47,140876,75],{"class":69},[47,140878,66],{"class":65},[47,140880,132],{"class":61},[47,140882,140883],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,140884,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,140886,140887,140889,140891,140893],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,140888,139],{"class":138},[47,140890,117],{"class":61},[47,140892,43284],{"class":113},[47,140894,132],{"class":61},[47,140896,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,140898,139],{"class":138},[47,140900,117],{"class":61},[47,140902,2392],{"class":106},[47,140904,117],{"class":61},[47,140906,43284],{"class":113},[47,140908,2266],{"class":61},[47,140910,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,140912,139],{"class":138},[47,140914,117],{"class":61},[47,140916,43284],{"class":113},[47,140918,669],{"class":61},[47,140920,436],{"class":349},[47,140922,2166],{"class":61},[20,140924,372],{},[38,140926,140928],{"className":40,"code":140927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140929,140930,140958,140972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140931,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952,140954,140956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140933,669],{"class":61},[47,140935,385],{"class":65},[47,140937,37459],{"class":69},[47,140939,385],{"class":65},[47,140941,75],{"class":61},[47,140943,398],{"class":65},[47,140945,58548],{"class":69},[47,140947,385],{"class":65},[47,140949,75],{"class":61},[47,140951,398],{"class":65},[47,140953,58565],{"class":69},[47,140955,385],{"class":65},[47,140957,95],{"class":61},[47,140959,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,140961,3941],{"class":57},[47,140963,3944],{"class":2714},[47,140965,398],{"class":65},[47,140967,1892],{"class":69},[47,140969,385],{"class":65},[47,140971,3953],{"class":57},[47,140973,140974],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,140975,85892],{"class":53},[20,140977,140978],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[174,140980,140981,140984,140987],{},[177,140982,140983],{},"loop over it",[177,140985,140986],{},"access items by index",[177,140988,140989],{},"combine items again later",[20,140991,140992,140993,110],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[210,140994,126778,140996,1637],{"href":140995},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140997,133860],{},[20,140999,603],{},[38,141001,141003],{"className":40,"code":141002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141004,141005,141037,141059,141063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141008,43252],{"class":53},[47,141010,58],{"class":57},[47,141012,62],{"class":61},[47,141014,385],{"class":65},[47,141016,37459],{"class":69},[47,141018,385],{"class":65},[47,141020,75],{"class":61},[47,141022,398],{"class":65},[47,141024,58548],{"class":69},[47,141026,385],{"class":65},[47,141028,75],{"class":61},[47,141030,398],{"class":65},[47,141032,58565],{"class":69},[47,141034,385],{"class":65},[47,141036,95],{"class":61},[47,141038,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141040,35096],{"class":53},[47,141042,58],{"class":57},[47,141044,78],{"class":65},[47,141046,2670],{"class":69},[47,141048,66],{"class":65},[47,141050,110],{"class":61},[47,141052,133937],{"class":113},[47,141054,117],{"class":61},[47,141056,43284],{"class":113},[47,141058,132],{"class":61},[47,141060,141061],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,141062,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,141064,141065,141067,141069,141071],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,141066,139],{"class":138},[47,141068,117],{"class":61},[47,141070,35117],{"class":113},[47,141072,132],{"class":61},[20,141074,372],{},[38,141076,141078],{"className":40,"code":141077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,141079,141080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141081,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141083,37459],{"class":53},[47,141085,2670],{"class":57},[47,141087,58548],{"class":53},[47,141089,2670],{"class":57},[47,141091,141092],{"class":53},"bird\n",[33,141094,141096],{"id":141095},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,141098,141099],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[244,141101,141103],{"id":141102},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[38,141105,141107],{"className":40,"code":141106,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,141108,141109,141117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141110,141111,141113,141115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141112,35096],{"class":53},[47,141114,58],{"class":57},[47,141116,8528],{"class":65},[47,141118,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141120,139],{"class":138},[47,141122,117],{"class":61},[47,141124,35117],{"class":113},[47,141126,110],{"class":61},[47,141128,34877],{"class":113},[47,141130,7839],{"class":61},[20,141132,372],{},[38,141134,141135],{"className":40,"code":38710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,141136,141137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141138,141139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141140,38710],{"class":61},[244,141142,141144],{"id":141143},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[38,141146,141148],{"className":40,"code":141147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141149,141150,141158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141151,141152,141154,141156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141153,35096],{"class":53},[47,141155,58],{"class":57},[47,141157,8528],{"class":65},[47,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141161,139],{"class":138},[47,141163,117],{"class":61},[47,141165,35117],{"class":113},[47,141167,110],{"class":61},[47,141169,34877],{"class":113},[47,141171,117],{"class":61},[47,141173,66],{"class":65},[47,141175,75],{"class":69},[47,141177,66],{"class":65},[47,141179,2266],{"class":61},[20,141181,372],{},[38,141183,141185],{"className":40,"code":141184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['']\n",[15,141186,141187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141188,141189,141191,141193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141190,669],{"class":61},[47,141192,4424],{"class":65},[47,141194,95],{"class":61},[244,141196,141198],{"id":141197},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141200,141201],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[38,141203,141205],{"className":40,"code":141204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141206,141207,141219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141208,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141210,35096],{"class":53},[47,141212,58],{"class":57},[47,141214,78],{"class":65},[47,141216,4492],{"class":69},[47,141218,689],{"class":65},[47,141220,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141222,139],{"class":138},[47,141224,117],{"class":61},[47,141226,35117],{"class":113},[47,141228,110],{"class":61},[47,141230,34877],{"class":113},[47,141232,117],{"class":61},[47,141234,66],{"class":65},[47,141236,75],{"class":69},[47,141238,66],{"class":65},[47,141240,2266],{"class":61},[20,141242,372],{},[38,141244,141246],{"className":40,"code":141245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello']\n",[15,141247,141248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141249,141250,141252,141254,141256,141258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141251,669],{"class":61},[47,141253,385],{"class":65},[47,141255,4492],{"class":69},[47,141257,385],{"class":65},[47,141259,95],{"class":61},[33,141261,1216,141263],{"id":141262},"when-to-use-split",[15,141264,60953],{},[20,141266,156,141267,141269],{},[15,141268,60953],{}," when you need to:",[174,141271,141272,141275,141278],{},[177,141273,141274],{},"split a sentence into words",[177,141276,141277],{},"split comma-separated values",[177,141279,141280],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141282,141283],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[174,141285,141286,141289,141292],{},[177,141287,141288],{},"cleaning text",[177,141290,141291],{},"parsing user input",[177,141293,141294],{},"processing simple file content",[33,141296,1641],{"id":1640},[20,141298,84663],{},[174,141300,141301,141305,141311,141314,141322],{},[177,141302,50924,141303,131998],{},[15,141304,60953],{},[177,141306,141307,141308,141310],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141309,60953],{}," returns a list, not a string",[177,141312,141313],{},"using the wrong separator",[177,141315,141316,141317,141319,141320],{},"assuming ",[15,141318,140256],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141321,60953],{},[177,141323,141324],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141326,141327],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[38,141329,141331],{"className":40,"code":141330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141332,141333,141345,141363,141367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141334,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141336,35096],{"class":53},[47,141338,58],{"class":57},[47,141340,78],{"class":65},[47,141342,43245],{"class":69},[47,141344,689],{"class":65},[47,141346,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141348,35117],{"class":53},[47,141350,110],{"class":61},[47,141352,34877],{"class":113},[47,141354,117],{"class":61},[47,141356,66],{"class":65},[47,141358,75],{"class":69},[47,141360,66],{"class":65},[47,141362,132],{"class":61},[47,141364,141365],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,141366,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,141368,141369,141371,141373,141375],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,141370,139],{"class":138},[47,141372,117],{"class":61},[47,141374,35117],{"class":113},[47,141376,132],{"class":61},[20,141378,372],{},[38,141380,141382],{"className":40,"code":141381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a,b,c\n",[15,141383,141384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141385,141386,141388,141390,141392,141394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141387,210],{"class":53},[47,141389,75],{"class":61},[47,141391,854],{"class":53},[47,141393,75],{"class":61},[47,141395,69669],{"class":53},[20,141397,141398],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141400,11443],{},[38,141402,141403],{"className":40,"code":43232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,141404,141405,141417,141439,141443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141406,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141408,35096],{"class":53},[47,141410,58],{"class":57},[47,141412,78],{"class":65},[47,141414,43245],{"class":69},[47,141416,689],{"class":65},[47,141418,141419,141421,141423,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141420,43252],{"class":53},[47,141422,58],{"class":57},[47,141424,43257],{"class":53},[47,141426,110],{"class":61},[47,141428,34877],{"class":113},[47,141430,117],{"class":61},[47,141432,66],{"class":65},[47,141434,75],{"class":69},[47,141436,66],{"class":65},[47,141438,132],{"class":61},[47,141440,141441],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,141442,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,141444,141445,141447,141449,141451],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,141446,139],{"class":138},[47,141448,117],{"class":61},[47,141450,43284],{"class":113},[47,141452,132],{"class":61},[20,141454,372],{},[38,141456,141457],{"className":40,"code":43291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,141458,141459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141460,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141462,669],{"class":61},[47,141464,385],{"class":65},[47,141466,210],{"class":69},[47,141468,385],{"class":65},[47,141470,75],{"class":61},[47,141472,398],{"class":65},[47,141474,854],{"class":69},[47,141476,385],{"class":65},[47,141478,75],{"class":61},[47,141480,398],{"class":65},[47,141482,863],{"class":69},[47,141484,385],{"class":65},[47,141486,95],{"class":61},[20,141488,141489],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[38,141491,141493],{"className":40,"code":141492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141494,141495,141508,141530,141534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141496,141497,141499,141501,141503,141506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141498,35096],{"class":53},[47,141500,58],{"class":57},[47,141502,78],{"class":65},[47,141504,141505],{"class":69},"apple,banana",[47,141507,689],{"class":65},[47,141509,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141511,43252],{"class":53},[47,141513,58],{"class":57},[47,141515,43257],{"class":53},[47,141517,110],{"class":61},[47,141519,34877],{"class":113},[47,141521,117],{"class":61},[47,141523,66],{"class":65},[47,141525,75],{"class":69},[47,141527,66],{"class":65},[47,141529,132],{"class":61},[47,141531,141532],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,141533,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,141535,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,141537,139],{"class":138},[47,141539,117],{"class":61},[47,141541,43284],{"class":113},[47,141543,669],{"class":61},[47,141545,2705],{"class":349},[47,141547,2166],{"class":61},[20,141549,141550,141551,110],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[210,141552,69682],{"href":69681},[244,141554,61132],{"id":61131},[20,141556,9520,141557,141559],{},[15,141558,60953],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[38,141561,141563],{"className":40,"code":141562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141564,141565,141575,141589,141611,141637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141566,141567,141569,141571,141573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141568,139],{"class":138},[47,141570,117],{"class":61},[47,141572,35117],{"class":113},[47,141574,132],{"class":61},[47,141576,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141578,139],{"class":138},[47,141580,117],{"class":61},[47,141582,35117],{"class":113},[47,141584,110],{"class":61},[47,141586,34877],{"class":113},[47,141588,7839],{"class":61},[47,141590,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,141592,139],{"class":138},[47,141594,117],{"class":61},[47,141596,35117],{"class":113},[47,141598,110],{"class":61},[47,141600,34877],{"class":113},[47,141602,117],{"class":61},[47,141604,385],{"class":65},[47,141606,75],{"class":69},[47,141608,385],{"class":65},[47,141610,2266],{"class":61},[47,141612,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,141614,139],{"class":138},[47,141616,117],{"class":61},[47,141618,11798],{"class":138},[47,141620,117],{"class":61},[47,141622,35117],{"class":113},[47,141624,110],{"class":61},[47,141626,34877],{"class":113},[47,141628,117],{"class":61},[47,141630,385],{"class":65},[47,141632,75],{"class":69},[47,141634,385],{"class":65},[47,141636,2425],{"class":61},[47,141638,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,141640,139],{"class":138},[47,141642,117],{"class":61},[47,141644,2392],{"class":106},[47,141646,117],{"class":61},[47,141648,35117],{"class":113},[47,141650,110],{"class":61},[47,141652,34877],{"class":113},[47,141654,117],{"class":61},[47,141656,385],{"class":65},[47,141658,75],{"class":69},[47,141660,385],{"class":65},[47,141662,2425],{"class":61},[20,141664,11807],{},[174,141666,141667,141670,141673,141676],{},[177,141668,141669],{},"what the original string looks like",[177,141671,141672],{},"which separator works",[177,141674,141675],{},"how many items were created",[177,141677,141678],{},"that the result is a list",[33,141680,2429],{"id":2428},[244,141682,5823,141684,5036,141686,3143],{"id":141683},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141685,60953],{},[15,141687,140256],{},[20,141689,141690,141692],{},[15,141691,60953],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141694,141695,141697],{},[15,141696,140256],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[244,141699,2433,141701,125105],{"id":141700},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141702,60953],{},[20,141704,141705,141706,56899],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141707,60953],{},[244,141709,5785,141711,40374],{"id":141710},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141712,140033],{},[20,141714,141715],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[244,141717,141719],{"id":141718},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141721,29466,141722,141724],{},[15,141723,60953],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[33,141726,2526],{"id":2525},[174,141728,141729,141733,141739,141745,141749],{},[177,141730,141731],{},[210,141732,130383],{"href":129461},[177,141734,141735],{},[210,141736,126778,141737,1637],{"href":140995},[15,141738,133860],{},[177,141740,141741],{},[210,141742,126778,141743,1637],{"href":137348},[15,141744,42068],{},[177,141746,141747],{},[210,141748,125533],{"href":51394},[177,141750,141751],{},[210,141752,69682],{"href":69681},[2563,141754,141755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":141757},[141758,141759,141761,141762,141767,141768,141770,141772,141777,141779,141782,141791],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":139863,"depth":98,"text":141760},"What split() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":140111,"depth":98,"text":141763,"children":141764},"Using split() with no separator",[141765],{"id":140251,"depth":135,"text":141766},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140414,"depth":98,"text":140415},{"id":140624,"depth":98,"text":141769},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140825,"depth":98,"text":141771},"What split() returns",{"id":141095,"depth":98,"text":141096,"children":141773},[141774,141775,141776],{"id":141102,"depth":135,"text":141103},{"id":141143,"depth":135,"text":141144},{"id":141197,"depth":135,"text":141198},{"id":141262,"depth":98,"text":141778},"When to use split()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":141780},[141781],{"id":61131,"depth":135,"text":61132},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":141783},[141784,141786,141788,141790],{"id":141683,"depth":135,"text":141785},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141700,"depth":135,"text":141787},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141710,"depth":135,"text":141789},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141718,"depth":135,"text":141719},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139772,"description":141792},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141799,"title":141800,"body":141801,"description":143744,"extension":2611,"meta":143745,"navigation":357,"path":143746,"seo":143747,"stem":143748,"__hash__":143749},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141802,"toc":143703},[141803,141808,141813,141820,141893,141898,141903,141908,141924,141926,141996,141998,142000,142020,142022,142067,142072,142074,142172,142177,142181,142186,142190,142193,142235,142239,142242,142287,142291,142294,142344,142348,142353,142405,142407,142412,142423,142428,142508,142510,142522,142531,142538,142553,142555,142670,142676,142680,142683,142688,142830,142833,142840,142842,142846,142854,142923,142929,142978,142983,142988,142990,143010,143012,143078,143080,143084,143087,143091,143132,143134,143167,143172,143175,143202,143204,143247,143254,143259,143269,143335,143339,143347,143352,143403,143407,143410,143412,143421,143423,143473,143475,143582,143584,143589,143596,143602,143605,143636,143641,143643,143650,143658,143667,143670,143672,143700],[10,141804,123778,141806,18],{"id":141805},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141807,128146],{},[20,141809,123783,141810,141812],{},[15,141811,128146],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141814,126844,141815,3530,141817,141819],{},[15,141816,4255],{},[15,141818,4326],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[38,141821,141823],{"className":40,"code":141822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141824,141825,141838,141842,141867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141826,141827,141829,141831,141833,141836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141828,35096],{"class":53},[47,141830,58],{"class":57},[47,141832,78],{"class":65},[47,141834,141835],{"class":69},"Python Beginner Help",[47,141837,689],{"class":65},[47,141839,141840],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141841,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,141843,141844,141846,141848,141850,141852,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863,141865],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,141845,139],{"class":138},[47,141847,117],{"class":61},[47,141849,35117],{"class":113},[47,141851,110],{"class":61},[47,141853,141854],{"class":113},"startswith",[47,141856,117],{"class":61},[47,141858,66],{"class":65},[47,141860,7942],{"class":69},[47,141862,66],{"class":65},[47,141864,6006],{"class":61},[47,141866,44271],{"class":152},[47,141868,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141886,141888,141890],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,141870,139],{"class":138},[47,141872,117],{"class":61},[47,141874,35117],{"class":113},[47,141876,110],{"class":61},[47,141878,141854],{"class":113},[47,141880,117],{"class":61},[47,141882,66],{"class":65},[47,141884,141885],{"class":69},"Beginner",[47,141887,66],{"class":65},[47,141889,6006],{"class":61},[47,141891,141892],{"class":152}," # False\n",[20,141894,156,141895,141897],{},[15,141896,128146],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[33,141899,164,141901,167],{"id":141900},"what-startswith-does",[15,141902,128146],{},[20,141904,141905,141907],{},[15,141906,128146],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[174,141909,141910,141913,141919,141921],{},[177,141911,141912],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[177,141914,5791,141915,3530,141917],{},[15,141916,4255],{},[15,141918,4326],{},[177,141920,123921],{},[177,141922,141923],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141925,603],{},[38,141927,141929],{"className":40,"code":141928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141930,141931,141943,141947,141972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141932,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141934,8523],{"class":53},[47,141936,58],{"class":57},[47,141938,78],{"class":65},[47,141940,7942],{"class":69},[47,141942,689],{"class":65},[47,141944,141945],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,141946,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,141948,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963,141966,141968,141970],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,141950,139],{"class":138},[47,141952,117],{"class":61},[47,141954,70],{"class":113},[47,141956,110],{"class":61},[47,141958,141854],{"class":113},[47,141960,117],{"class":61},[47,141962,66],{"class":65},[47,141964,141965],{"class":69},"Py",[47,141967,66],{"class":65},[47,141969,6006],{"class":61},[47,141971,44271],{"class":152},[47,141973,141974,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992,141994],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,141975,139],{"class":138},[47,141977,117],{"class":61},[47,141979,70],{"class":113},[47,141981,110],{"class":61},[47,141983,141854],{"class":113},[47,141985,117],{"class":61},[47,141987,66],{"class":65},[47,141989,129224],{"class":69},[47,141991,66],{"class":65},[47,141993,6006],{"class":61},[47,141995,44288],{"class":152},[33,141997,2806],{"id":2805},[20,141999,42800],{},[38,142001,142003],{"className":40,"code":142002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,142004,142005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142006,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142008,61596],{"class":53},[47,142010,110],{"class":61},[47,142012,141854],{"class":113},[47,142014,117],{"class":61},[47,142016,142017],{"class":113},"prefix",[47,142019,132],{"class":61},[20,142021,31170],{},[38,142023,142025],{"className":40,"code":142024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,142026,142027,142045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142028,142029,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142030,61596],{"class":53},[47,142032,110],{"class":61},[47,142034,141854],{"class":113},[47,142036,117],{"class":61},[47,142038,142017],{"class":113},[47,142040,75],{"class":61},[47,142042,36462],{"class":113},[47,142044,132],{"class":61},[47,142046,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142048,61596],{"class":53},[47,142050,110],{"class":61},[47,142052,141854],{"class":113},[47,142054,117],{"class":61},[47,142056,142017],{"class":113},[47,142058,75],{"class":61},[47,142060,36462],{"class":113},[47,142062,75],{"class":61},[47,142064,65463],{"class":113},[47,142066,132],{"class":61},[20,142068,21172,142069,142071],{},[15,142070,142017],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,142073,603],{},[38,142075,142077],{"className":40,"code":142076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,142078,142079,142091,142095,142120,142144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142080,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142082,35096],{"class":53},[47,142084,58],{"class":57},[47,142086,78],{"class":65},[47,142088,60828],{"class":69},[47,142090,689],{"class":65},[47,142092,142093],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142094,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,142096,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,142098,139],{"class":138},[47,142100,117],{"class":61},[47,142102,35117],{"class":113},[47,142104,110],{"class":61},[47,142106,141854],{"class":113},[47,142108,117],{"class":61},[47,142110,66],{"class":65},[47,142112,4492],{"class":69},[47,142114,66],{"class":65},[47,142116,6006],{"class":61},[47,142118,142119],{"class":152},"      # True\n",[47,142121,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,142123,139],{"class":138},[47,142125,117],{"class":61},[47,142127,35117],{"class":113},[47,142129,110],{"class":61},[47,142131,141854],{"class":113},[47,142133,117],{"class":61},[47,142135,66],{"class":65},[47,142137,61013],{"class":69},[47,142139,66],{"class":65},[47,142141,6006],{"class":61},[47,142143,21602],{"class":152},[47,142145,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,142147,139],{"class":138},[47,142149,117],{"class":61},[47,142151,35117],{"class":113},[47,142153,110],{"class":61},[47,142155,141854],{"class":113},[47,142157,117],{"class":61},[47,142159,66],{"class":65},[47,142161,61013],{"class":69},[47,142163,66],{"class":65},[47,142165,75],{"class":61},[47,142167,38056],{"class":349},[47,142169,6006],{"class":61},[47,142171,44271],{"class":152},[20,142173,142174,142175,110],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[210,142176,125533],{"href":51394},[33,142178,142180],{"id":142179},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142182,142183,142185],{},[15,142184,128146],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[244,142187,142188],{"id":142017},[15,142189,142017],{},[20,142191,142192],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[38,142194,142196],{"className":40,"code":142195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142197,142198,142210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142199,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142201,35096],{"class":53},[47,142203,58],{"class":57},[47,142205,78],{"class":65},[47,142207,4729],{"class":69},[47,142209,689],{"class":65},[47,142211,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226,142229,142231,142233],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142213,139],{"class":138},[47,142215,117],{"class":61},[47,142217,35117],{"class":113},[47,142219,110],{"class":61},[47,142221,141854],{"class":113},[47,142223,117],{"class":61},[47,142225,66],{"class":65},[47,142227,142228],{"class":69},"ban",[47,142230,66],{"class":65},[47,142232,6006],{"class":61},[47,142234,4316],{"class":152},[244,142236,142237],{"id":36483},[15,142238,36483],{},[20,142240,142241],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[38,142243,142245],{"className":40,"code":142244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142246,142247,142259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142248,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142250,35096],{"class":53},[47,142252,58],{"class":57},[47,142254,78],{"class":65},[47,142256,60828],{"class":69},[47,142258,689],{"class":65},[47,142260,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142262,139],{"class":138},[47,142264,117],{"class":61},[47,142266,35117],{"class":113},[47,142268,110],{"class":61},[47,142270,141854],{"class":113},[47,142272,117],{"class":61},[47,142274,66],{"class":65},[47,142276,61013],{"class":69},[47,142278,66],{"class":65},[47,142280,75],{"class":61},[47,142282,38056],{"class":349},[47,142284,6006],{"class":61},[47,142286,4316],{"class":152},[244,142288,142289],{"id":53080},[15,142290,53080],{},[20,142292,142293],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[38,142295,142297],{"className":40,"code":142296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142298,142299,142311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142300,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142302,35096],{"class":53},[47,142304,58],{"class":57},[47,142306,78],{"class":65},[47,142308,60828],{"class":69},[47,142310,689],{"class":65},[47,142312,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142314,139],{"class":138},[47,142316,117],{"class":61},[47,142318,35117],{"class":113},[47,142320,110],{"class":61},[47,142322,141854],{"class":113},[47,142324,117],{"class":61},[47,142326,66],{"class":65},[47,142328,142329],{"class":69},"wor",[47,142331,66],{"class":65},[47,142333,75],{"class":61},[47,142335,38056],{"class":349},[47,142337,75],{"class":61},[47,142339,54556],{"class":349},[47,142341,6006],{"class":61},[47,142343,4316],{"class":152},[244,142345,142347],{"id":142346},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142349,142350,142352],{},[15,142351,142017],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[38,142354,142356],{"className":40,"code":142355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142357,142358,142371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142359,142360,142362,142364,142366,142369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142361,126861],{"class":53},[47,142363,58],{"class":57},[47,142365,78],{"class":65},[47,142367,142368],{"class":69},"img_001.png",[47,142370,689],{"class":65},[47,142372,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142390,142392,142394,142396,142399,142401,142403],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142374,139],{"class":138},[47,142376,117],{"class":61},[47,142378,126879],{"class":113},[47,142380,110],{"class":61},[47,142382,141854],{"class":113},[47,142384,6155],{"class":61},[47,142386,66],{"class":65},[47,142388,142389],{"class":69},"img_",[47,142391,66],{"class":65},[47,142393,75],{"class":61},[47,142395,78],{"class":65},[47,142397,142398],{"class":69},"photo_",[47,142400,66],{"class":65},[47,142402,51510],{"class":61},[47,142404,4316],{"class":152},[33,142406,273],{"id":272},[20,142408,142409,142411],{},[15,142410,128146],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[174,142413,142414,142419],{},[177,142415,142416,142418],{},[15,142417,4255],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[177,142420,142421,127463],{},[15,142422,4326],{},[20,142424,142425,142426,7817],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142427,7642],{},[38,142429,142431],{"className":40,"code":142430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142432,142433,142447,142451,142472,142487,142493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142434,142435,142438,142440,142442,142445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142436,142437],{"class":53},"command ",[47,142439,58],{"class":57},[47,142441,78],{"class":65},[47,142443,142444],{"class":69},"\u002Fhelp",[47,142446,689],{"class":65},[47,142448,142449],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142450,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,142452,142453,142455,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,142454,7642],{"class":1107},[47,142456,142457],{"class":53}," command",[47,142459,110],{"class":61},[47,142461,141854],{"class":113},[47,142463,117],{"class":61},[47,142465,66],{"class":65},[47,142467,127670],{"class":69},[47,142469,66],{"class":65},[47,142471,8988],{"class":61},[47,142473,142474,142476,142478,142480,142483,142485],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,142475,8715],{"class":138},[47,142477,117],{"class":61},[47,142479,66],{"class":65},[47,142481,142482],{"class":69},"This looks like a command.",[47,142484,66],{"class":65},[47,142486,132],{"class":61},[47,142488,142489,142491],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,142490,27838],{"class":1107},[47,142492,7038],{"class":61},[47,142494,142495,142497,142499,142501,142504,142506],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,142496,8715],{"class":138},[47,142498,117],{"class":61},[47,142500,66],{"class":65},[47,142502,142503],{"class":69},"This is normal text.",[47,142505,66],{"class":65},[47,142507,132],{"class":61},[20,142509,372],{},[38,142511,142513],{"className":40,"code":142512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142514,142515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142516,142517,142520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142518,142519],{"class":53},"This looks like a command",[47,142521,122810],{"class":61},[33,142523,453,142525,9350,142527,5036,142529],{"id":142524},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142526,128146],{},[15,142528,36483],{},[15,142530,53080],{},[20,142532,2628,142533,5036,142535,142537],{},[15,142534,36483],{},[15,142536,53080],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[174,142539,142540,142545,142550],{},[177,142541,142542,142544],{},[15,142543,36483],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[177,142546,142547,142549],{},[15,142548,53080],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[177,142551,142552],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142554,603],{},[38,142556,142558],{"className":40,"code":142557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142559,142560,142572,142576,142605,142638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142561,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142563,35096],{"class":53},[47,142565,58],{"class":57},[47,142567,78],{"class":65},[47,142569,140057],{"class":69},[47,142571,689],{"class":65},[47,142573,142574],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142575,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,142577,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,142579,139],{"class":138},[47,142581,117],{"class":61},[47,142583,35117],{"class":113},[47,142585,110],{"class":61},[47,142587,141854],{"class":113},[47,142589,117],{"class":61},[47,142591,66],{"class":65},[47,142593,79694],{"class":69},[47,142595,66],{"class":65},[47,142597,75],{"class":61},[47,142599,3108],{"class":349},[47,142601,6006],{"class":61},[47,142603,142604],{"class":152},"        # True\n",[47,142606,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142634,142636],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,142608,139],{"class":138},[47,142610,117],{"class":61},[47,142612,35117],{"class":113},[47,142614,110],{"class":61},[47,142616,141854],{"class":113},[47,142618,117],{"class":61},[47,142620,66],{"class":65},[47,142622,134664],{"class":69},[47,142624,66],{"class":65},[47,142626,75],{"class":61},[47,142628,7004],{"class":349},[47,142630,75],{"class":61},[47,142632,142633],{"class":349}," 13",[47,142635,6006],{"class":61},[47,142637,4316],{"class":152},[47,142639,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142666,142668],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,142641,139],{"class":138},[47,142643,117],{"class":61},[47,142645,35117],{"class":113},[47,142647,110],{"class":61},[47,142649,141854],{"class":113},[47,142651,117],{"class":61},[47,142653,66],{"class":65},[47,142655,134664],{"class":69},[47,142657,66],{"class":65},[47,142659,75],{"class":61},[47,142661,7004],{"class":349},[47,142663,75],{"class":61},[47,142665,31349],{"class":349},[47,142667,6006],{"class":61},[47,142669,5415],{"class":152},[20,142671,142672,142673,142675],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142674,53080],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[33,142677,142679],{"id":142678},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142681,142682],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142684,142685,142686,49766],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142687,41251],{},[38,142689,142691],{"className":40,"code":142690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142692,142693,142707,142721,142735,142739,142763,142767,142788,142809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142694,142695,142698,142700,142702,142705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142696,142697],{"class":53},"filename1 ",[47,142699,58],{"class":57},[47,142701,78],{"class":65},[47,142703,142704],{"class":69},"img_101.jpg",[47,142706,689],{"class":65},[47,142708,142709,142712,142714,142716,142719],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142710,142711],{"class":53},"filename2 ",[47,142713,58],{"class":57},[47,142715,78],{"class":65},[47,142717,142718],{"class":69},"photo_202.jpg",[47,142720,689],{"class":65},[47,142722,142723,142726,142728,142730,142733],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,142724,142725],{"class":53},"filename3 ",[47,142727,58],{"class":57},[47,142729,78],{"class":65},[47,142731,142732],{"class":69},"doc_303.jpg",[47,142734,689],{"class":65},[47,142736,142737],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,142738,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,142740,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,142742,128073],{"class":53},[47,142744,58],{"class":57},[47,142746,9878],{"class":61},[47,142748,66],{"class":65},[47,142750,142389],{"class":69},[47,142752,66],{"class":65},[47,142754,75],{"class":61},[47,142756,78],{"class":65},[47,142758,142398],{"class":69},[47,142760,66],{"class":65},[47,142762,132],{"class":61},[47,142764,142765],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,142766,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,142768,142769,142771,142773,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,142770,139],{"class":138},[47,142772,117],{"class":61},[47,142774,142775],{"class":113},"filename1",[47,142777,110],{"class":61},[47,142779,141854],{"class":113},[47,142781,117],{"class":61},[47,142783,128125],{"class":113},[47,142785,6006],{"class":61},[47,142787,4316],{"class":152},[47,142789,142790,142792,142794,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,142791,139],{"class":138},[47,142793,117],{"class":61},[47,142795,142796],{"class":113},"filename2",[47,142798,110],{"class":61},[47,142800,141854],{"class":113},[47,142802,117],{"class":61},[47,142804,128125],{"class":113},[47,142806,6006],{"class":61},[47,142808,4316],{"class":152},[47,142810,142811,142813,142815,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,142812,139],{"class":138},[47,142814,117],{"class":61},[47,142816,142817],{"class":113},"filename3",[47,142819,110],{"class":61},[47,142821,141854],{"class":113},[47,142823,117],{"class":61},[47,142825,128125],{"class":113},[47,142827,6006],{"class":61},[47,142829,5415],{"class":152},[20,142831,142832],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142834,75195,142835,142839],{},[210,142836,126778,142837,1637],{"href":130372},[15,142838,126836],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[33,142841,124425],{"id":124424},[20,142843,142844,124236],{},[15,142845,128146],{},[20,142847,127823,142848,5036,142851,127830],{},[15,142849,142850],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142852,142853],{},"\"python\"",[38,142855,142857],{"className":40,"code":142856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142858,142859,142871,142875,142899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142860,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142862,35096],{"class":53},[47,142864,58],{"class":57},[47,142866,78],{"class":65},[47,142868,7942],{"class":69},[47,142870,689],{"class":65},[47,142872,142873],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142874,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,142876,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,142878,139],{"class":138},[47,142880,117],{"class":61},[47,142882,35117],{"class":113},[47,142884,110],{"class":61},[47,142886,141854],{"class":113},[47,142888,117],{"class":61},[47,142890,66],{"class":65},[47,142892,141965],{"class":69},[47,142894,66],{"class":65},[47,142896,6006],{"class":61},[47,142898,4316],{"class":152},[47,142900,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,142902,139],{"class":138},[47,142904,117],{"class":61},[47,142906,35117],{"class":113},[47,142908,110],{"class":61},[47,142910,141854],{"class":113},[47,142912,117],{"class":61},[47,142914,66],{"class":65},[47,142916,129224],{"class":69},[47,142918,66],{"class":65},[47,142920,6006],{"class":61},[47,142922,5415],{"class":152},[20,142924,127915,142925,110],{},[210,142926,142927],{"href":124505},[15,142928,124508],{},[38,142930,142932],{"className":40,"code":142931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142933,142934,142946,142950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142935,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142937,35096],{"class":53},[47,142939,58],{"class":57},[47,142941,78],{"class":65},[47,142943,7942],{"class":69},[47,142945,689],{"class":65},[47,142947,142948],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,142949,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,142951,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,142953,139],{"class":138},[47,142955,117],{"class":61},[47,142957,35117],{"class":113},[47,142959,110],{"class":61},[47,142961,9285],{"class":113},[47,142963,9282],{"class":61},[47,142965,141854],{"class":113},[47,142967,117],{"class":61},[47,142969,66],{"class":65},[47,142971,129224],{"class":69},[47,142973,66],{"class":65},[47,142975,6006],{"class":61},[47,142977,4316],{"class":152},[33,142979,1216,142981],{"id":142980},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142982,128146],{},[20,142984,142985,142987],{},[15,142986,128146],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142989,10013],{},[174,142991,142992,142995,142998,143007],{},[177,142993,142994],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[177,142996,142997],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[177,142999,143000,143001,3530,143004],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,143002,143003],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,143005,143006],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[177,143008,143009],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,143011,603],{},[38,143013,143015],{"className":40,"code":143014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,143016,143017,143030,143034,143063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143018,143019,143021,143023,143025,143028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143020,127641],{"class":53},[47,143022,58],{"class":57},[47,143024,78],{"class":65},[47,143026,143027],{"class":69},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[47,143029,689],{"class":65},[47,143031,143032],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143033,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,143035,143036,143038,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,143037,7642],{"class":1107},[47,143039,143040],{"class":53}," url",[47,143042,110],{"class":61},[47,143044,141854],{"class":113},[47,143046,6155],{"class":61},[47,143048,66],{"class":65},[47,143050,143003],{"class":69},[47,143052,66],{"class":65},[47,143054,75],{"class":61},[47,143056,78],{"class":65},[47,143058,143006],{"class":69},[47,143060,66],{"class":65},[47,143062,69986],{"class":61},[47,143064,143065,143067,143069,143071,143074,143076],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,143066,8715],{"class":138},[47,143068,117],{"class":61},[47,143070,66],{"class":65},[47,143072,143073],{"class":69},"This looks like a web URL.",[47,143075,66],{"class":65},[47,143077,132],{"class":61},[33,143079,1641],{"id":1640},[20,143081,23497,143082,110],{},[15,143083,128146],{},[244,143085,139218],{"id":143086},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,143088,143089,124236],{},[15,143090,128146],{},[38,143092,143094],{"className":40,"code":143093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,143095,143096,143108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143097,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143099,35096],{"class":53},[47,143101,58],{"class":57},[47,143103,78],{"class":65},[47,143105,7942],{"class":69},[47,143107,689],{"class":65},[47,143109,143110,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143111,139],{"class":138},[47,143113,117],{"class":61},[47,143115,35117],{"class":113},[47,143117,110],{"class":61},[47,143119,141854],{"class":113},[47,143121,117],{"class":61},[47,143123,66],{"class":65},[47,143125,42],{"class":69},[47,143127,66],{"class":65},[47,143129,6006],{"class":61},[47,143131,5415],{"class":152},[20,143133,39675],{},[38,143135,143137],{"className":40,"code":143136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143138,143139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143140,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163,143165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143142,139],{"class":138},[47,143144,117],{"class":61},[47,143146,35117],{"class":113},[47,143148,110],{"class":61},[47,143150,9285],{"class":113},[47,143152,9282],{"class":61},[47,143154,141854],{"class":113},[47,143156,117],{"class":61},[47,143158,66],{"class":65},[47,143160,42],{"class":69},[47,143162,66],{"class":65},[47,143164,6006],{"class":61},[47,143166,4316],{"class":152},[244,143168,30055,143170,137700],{"id":143169},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143171,128146],{},[20,143173,143174],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[38,143176,143178],{"className":40,"code":143177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143179,143180,143188,143192,143197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143181,143182,143184,143186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143183,3098],{"class":53},[47,143185,58],{"class":57},[47,143187,125460],{"class":349},[47,143189,143190],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143191,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,143193,143194],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,143195,143196],{"class":152},"# This will cause an error:\n",[47,143198,143199],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,143200,143201],{"class":152},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143203,39675],{},[38,143205,143207],{"className":40,"code":143206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143208,143209,143223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143210,143211,143213,143215,143217,143219,143221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143212,3098],{"class":53},[47,143214,58],{"class":57},[47,143216,49322],{"class":106},[47,143218,117],{"class":61},[47,143220,50664],{"class":349},[47,143222,132],{"class":61},[47,143224,143225,143227,143229,143231,143233,143235,143237,143239,143241,143243,143245],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143226,139],{"class":138},[47,143228,117],{"class":61},[47,143230,259],{"class":113},[47,143232,110],{"class":61},[47,143234,141854],{"class":113},[47,143236,117],{"class":61},[47,143238,66],{"class":65},[47,143240,917],{"class":69},[47,143242,66],{"class":65},[47,143244,6006],{"class":61},[47,143246,4316],{"class":152},[244,143248,37616,143250,9350,143252],{"id":143249},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143251,128146],{},[15,143253,1114],{},[20,143255,143256,143258],{},[15,143257,128146],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143260,143261,143262,143264,143265,110],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143263,1114],{}," or methods like ",[210,143266,143267],{"href":124788},[15,143268,124773],{},[38,143270,143272],{"className":40,"code":143271,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143273,143274,143286,143290,143314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143275,143276,143278,143280,143282,143284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143277,35096],{"class":53},[47,143279,58],{"class":57},[47,143281,78],{"class":65},[47,143283,60828],{"class":69},[47,143285,689],{"class":65},[47,143287,143288],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143289,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,143291,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,143293,139],{"class":138},[47,143295,117],{"class":61},[47,143297,35117],{"class":113},[47,143299,110],{"class":61},[47,143301,141854],{"class":113},[47,143303,117],{"class":61},[47,143305,66],{"class":65},[47,143307,61013],{"class":69},[47,143309,66],{"class":65},[47,143311,6006],{"class":61},[47,143313,5415],{"class":152},[47,143315,143316,143318,143320,143322,143324,143326,143328,143330,143332],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,143317,139],{"class":138},[47,143319,117],{"class":61},[47,143321,66],{"class":65},[47,143323,61013],{"class":69},[47,143325,66],{"class":65},[47,143327,21575],{"class":1107},[47,143329,43257],{"class":113},[47,143331,4313],{"class":61},[47,143333,143334],{"class":152},"           # True\n",[20,143336,136252,143337,110],{},[210,143338,127814],{"href":124033},[244,143340,5348,143342,5036,143344,143346],{"id":143341},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143343,36483],{},[15,143345,53080],{}," use index positions",[20,143348,143349,143350,110],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143351,436],{},[38,143353,143355],{"className":40,"code":143354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143356,143357,143370,143374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143358,143359,143361,143363,143365,143368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143360,35096],{"class":53},[47,143362,58],{"class":57},[47,143364,78],{"class":65},[47,143366,143367],{"class":69},"abcdef",[47,143369,689],{"class":65},[47,143371,143372],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143373,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,143375,143376,143378,143380,143382,143384,143386,143388,143390,143393,143395,143397,143399,143401],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,143377,139],{"class":138},[47,143379,117],{"class":61},[47,143381,35117],{"class":113},[47,143383,110],{"class":61},[47,143385,141854],{"class":113},[47,143387,117],{"class":61},[47,143389,66],{"class":65},[47,143391,143392],{"class":69},"cd",[47,143394,66],{"class":65},[47,143396,75],{"class":61},[47,143398,2409],{"class":349},[47,143400,6006],{"class":61},[47,143402,4316],{"class":152},[244,143404,143406],{"id":143405},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143408,143409],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143411,17253],{},[38,143413,143415],{"className":40,"code":143414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143416,143417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143418,143419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143420,143414],{"class":152},[20,143422,17265],{},[38,143424,143426],{"className":40,"code":143425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143427,143428,143440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143429,143430,143432,143434,143436,143438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143431,35096],{"class":53},[47,143433,58],{"class":57},[47,143435,78],{"class":65},[47,143437,7942],{"class":69},[47,143439,689],{"class":65},[47,143441,143442,143444,143446,143448,143450,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464,143467,143469,143471],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143443,139],{"class":138},[47,143445,117],{"class":61},[47,143447,35117],{"class":113},[47,143449,110],{"class":61},[47,143451,141854],{"class":113},[47,143453,6155],{"class":61},[47,143455,66],{"class":65},[47,143457,141965],{"class":69},[47,143459,66],{"class":65},[47,143461,75],{"class":61},[47,143463,78],{"class":65},[47,143465,143466],{"class":69},"Ja",[47,143468,66],{"class":65},[47,143470,51510],{"class":61},[47,143472,4316],{"class":152},[20,143474,32489],{},[38,143476,143478],{"className":40,"code":143477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143479,143480,143490,143504,143526,143552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143481,143482,143484,143486,143488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143483,139],{"class":138},[47,143485,117],{"class":61},[47,143487,35117],{"class":113},[47,143489,132],{"class":61},[47,143491,143492,143494,143496,143498,143500,143502],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143493,139],{"class":138},[47,143495,117],{"class":61},[47,143497,2392],{"class":106},[47,143499,117],{"class":61},[47,143501,35117],{"class":113},[47,143503,2266],{"class":61},[47,143505,143506,143508,143510,143512,143514,143516,143518,143520,143522,143524],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,143507,139],{"class":138},[47,143509,117],{"class":61},[47,143511,35117],{"class":113},[47,143513,110],{"class":61},[47,143515,141854],{"class":113},[47,143517,117],{"class":61},[47,143519,66],{"class":65},[47,143521,141965],{"class":69},[47,143523,66],{"class":65},[47,143525,2266],{"class":61},[47,143527,143528,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,143529,139],{"class":138},[47,143531,117],{"class":61},[47,143533,35117],{"class":113},[47,143535,110],{"class":61},[47,143537,9285],{"class":113},[47,143539,9282],{"class":61},[47,143541,141854],{"class":113},[47,143543,117],{"class":61},[47,143545,66],{"class":65},[47,143547,129224],{"class":69},[47,143549,66],{"class":65},[47,143551,2266],{"class":61},[47,143553,143554,143556,143558,143560,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576,143578,143580],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,143555,139],{"class":138},[47,143557,117],{"class":61},[47,143559,35117],{"class":113},[47,143561,110],{"class":61},[47,143563,141854],{"class":113},[47,143565,6155],{"class":61},[47,143567,66],{"class":65},[47,143569,141965],{"class":69},[47,143571,66],{"class":65},[47,143573,75],{"class":61},[47,143575,78],{"class":65},[47,143577,143466],{"class":69},[47,143579,66],{"class":65},[47,143581,2425],{"class":61},[33,143583,2429],{"id":2428},[244,143585,2433,143587,128624],{"id":143586},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143588,128146],{},[20,143590,143591,143592,3530,143594,110],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143593,4255],{},[15,143595,4326],{},[244,143597,5813,143599,143601],{"id":143598},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143600,128146],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143603,143604],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[38,143606,143608],{"className":40,"code":143607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143609,143610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143611,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626,143628,143630,143632,143634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143613,35117],{"class":53},[47,143615,110],{"class":61},[47,143617,141854],{"class":113},[47,143619,6155],{"class":61},[47,143621,66],{"class":65},[47,143623,210],{"class":69},[47,143625,66],{"class":65},[47,143627,75],{"class":61},[47,143629,78],{"class":65},[47,143631,854],{"class":69},[47,143633,66],{"class":65},[47,143635,2266],{"class":61},[244,143637,15516,143639,125114],{"id":143638},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143640,128146],{},[20,143642,130307],{},[244,143644,5823,143646,5036,143648,3143],{"id":143645},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143647,128146],{},[15,143649,1114],{},[20,143651,143652,143654,143655,143657],{},[15,143653,128146],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143656,1114],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[244,143659,28733,143661,5036,143663,9350,143665,3143],{"id":143660},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143662,36483],{},[15,143664,53080],{},[15,143666,128146],{},[20,143668,143669],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[33,143671,2526],{"id":2525},[174,143673,143674,143680,143686,143692,143696],{},[177,143675,143676],{},[210,143677,126778,143678,1637],{"href":130372},[15,143679,126836],{},[177,143681,143682],{},[210,143683,126778,143684,1637],{"href":124788},[15,143685,124773],{},[177,143687,143688],{},[210,143689,126778,143690,1637],{"href":124505},[15,143691,124508],{},[177,143693,143694],{},[210,143695,125177],{"href":124033},[177,143697,143698],{},[210,143699,125533],{"href":51394},[2563,143701,143702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":143704},[143705,143707,143708,143714,143715,143717,143718,143719,143721,143731,143743],{"id":141900,"depth":98,"text":143706},"What startswith() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":142179,"depth":98,"text":142180,"children":143709},[143710,143711,143712,143713],{"id":142017,"depth":135,"text":142017},{"id":36483,"depth":135,"text":36483},{"id":53080,"depth":135,"text":53080},{"id":142346,"depth":135,"text":142347},{"id":272,"depth":98,"text":273},{"id":142524,"depth":98,"text":143716},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142678,"depth":98,"text":142679},{"id":124424,"depth":98,"text":124425},{"id":142980,"depth":98,"text":143720},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":143722},[143723,143724,143726,143728,143730],{"id":143086,"depth":135,"text":139218},{"id":143169,"depth":135,"text":143725},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143249,"depth":135,"text":143727},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143341,"depth":135,"text":143729},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143405,"depth":135,"text":143406},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":143732},[143733,143735,143737,143739,143741],{"id":143586,"depth":135,"text":143734},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143598,"depth":135,"text":143736},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143638,"depth":135,"text":143738},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143645,"depth":135,"text":143740},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143660,"depth":135,"text":143742},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141800,"description":143744},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143751,"title":143752,"body":143753,"description":145207,"extension":2611,"meta":145208,"navigation":357,"path":145209,"seo":145210,"stem":145211,"__hash__":145212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143754,"toc":145177},[143755,143760,143765,143768,143770,143814,143816,143824,143829,143834,143839,143841,143859,143861,143907,143909,143923,143932,143936,143938,143940,143952,143957,143960,143992,143994,144003,144008,144011,144052,144054,144062,144064,144077,144083,144087,144090,144106,144108,144157,144159,144168,144171,144230,144232,144241,144248,144251,144304,144306,144330,144337,144343,144347,144353,144356,144367,144369,144409,144411,144419,144421,144461,144463,144472,144474,144492,144495,144502,144513,144516,144533,144535,144612,144614,144645,144648,144650,144653,144679,144681,144721,144723,144732,144742,144750,144758,144763,144768,144770,144784,144786,144837,144839,144848,144858,144860,144862,144884,144887,144966,144968,145004,145007,145082,145087,145089,145095,145100,145105,145108,145114,145117,145124,145132,145136,145144,145146,145174],[10,143756,123778,143758,18],{"id":143757},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143759,42068],{},[20,143761,32724,143762,143764],{},[15,143763,42068],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143766,143767],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[33,143769,4260],{"id":4259},[38,143771,143773],{"className":40,"code":143772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143774,143775,143788,143803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143776,143777,143779,143781,143783,143786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143778,35096],{"class":53},[47,143780,58],{"class":57},[47,143782,78],{"class":65},[47,143784,143785],{"class":69},"  hello  ",[47,143787,689],{"class":65},[47,143789,143790,143793,143795,143797,143799,143801],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143791,143792],{"class":53},"clean_text ",[47,143794,58],{"class":57},[47,143796,43257],{"class":53},[47,143798,110],{"class":61},[47,143800,9279],{"class":113},[47,143802,9288],{"class":61},[47,143804,143805,143807,143809,143812],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,143806,139],{"class":138},[47,143808,117],{"class":61},[47,143810,143811],{"class":113},"clean_text",[47,143813,132],{"class":61},[20,143815,372],{},[38,143817,143818],{"className":40,"code":139093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143819,143820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143821,143822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143823,139093],{"class":53},[20,143825,156,143826,143828],{},[15,143827,42068],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[33,143830,164,143832,167],{"id":143831},"what-strip-does",[15,143833,42068],{},[20,143835,143836,143838],{},[15,143837,42068],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143840,13677],{},[174,143842,143843,143847,143850,143853,143856],{},[177,143844,143845,132128],{},[15,143846,42068],{},[177,143848,143849],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[177,143851,143852],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[177,143854,143855],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[177,143857,143858],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143860,603],{},[38,143862,143864],{"className":40,"code":143863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143865,143866,143879,143883,143897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143867,143868,143870,143872,143874,143877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143869,35096],{"class":53},[47,143871,58],{"class":57},[47,143873,78],{"class":65},[47,143875,143876],{"class":69},"  hello world  ",[47,143878,689],{"class":65},[47,143880,143881],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143882,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,143884,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,143886,139],{"class":138},[47,143888,117],{"class":61},[47,143890,35117],{"class":113},[47,143892,110],{"class":61},[47,143894,9279],{"class":113},[47,143896,7839],{"class":61},[47,143898,143899,143901,143903,143905],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,143900,139],{"class":138},[47,143902,117],{"class":61},[47,143904,35117],{"class":113},[47,143906,132],{"class":61},[20,143908,372],{},[38,143910,143912],{"className":40,"code":143911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143913,143914,143918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143915,143916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143917,134794],{"class":53},[47,143919,143920],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143921,143922],{"class":53},"  hello world\n",[20,143924,143925,143926,143928,143929,143931],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143927,42068],{},", but the original ",[15,143930,35117],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143933,125530,143934,110],{},[210,143935,125533],{"href":51394},[33,143937,2806],{"id":2805},[20,143939,26891],{},[174,143941,143942,143947],{},[177,143943,143944],{},[15,143945,143946],{},"string.strip()",[177,143948,143949],{},[15,143950,143951],{},"string.strip(chars)",[244,143953,143955],{"id":143954},"stringstrip",[15,143956,143946],{},[20,143958,143959],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[38,143961,143963],{"className":40,"code":143962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143964,143965,143978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143966,143967,143969,143971,143973,143976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143968,8523],{"class":53},[47,143970,58],{"class":57},[47,143972,78],{"class":65},[47,143974,143975],{"class":69},"  Alice  ",[47,143977,689],{"class":65},[47,143979,143980,143982,143984,143986,143988,143990],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,143981,139],{"class":138},[47,143983,117],{"class":61},[47,143985,70],{"class":113},[47,143987,110],{"class":61},[47,143989,9279],{"class":113},[47,143991,7839],{"class":61},[20,143993,372],{},[38,143995,143997],{"className":40,"code":143996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Alice\n",[15,143998,143999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144000,144001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144002,143996],{"class":53},[244,144004,144006],{"id":144005},"stringstripchars",[15,144007,143951],{},[20,144009,144010],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[38,144012,144014],{"className":40,"code":144013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144015,144016,144029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144017,144018,144020,144022,144024,144027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144019,35096],{"class":53},[47,144021,58],{"class":57},[47,144023,78],{"class":65},[47,144025,144026],{"class":69},"!!hello??",[47,144028,689],{"class":65},[47,144030,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043,144045,144048,144050],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144032,139],{"class":138},[47,144034,117],{"class":61},[47,144036,35117],{"class":113},[47,144038,110],{"class":61},[47,144040,9279],{"class":113},[47,144042,117],{"class":61},[47,144044,66],{"class":65},[47,144046,144047],{"class":69},"!?",[47,144049,66],{"class":65},[47,144051,2266],{"class":61},[20,144053,372],{},[38,144055,144056],{"className":40,"code":139093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,144057,144058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144059,144060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144061,139093],{"class":53},[20,144063,84244],{},[174,144065,144066,144071],{},[177,144067,144068,144070],{},[15,144069,135037],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[177,144072,144073,144074,144076],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,144075,135037],{}," does not matter",[33,144078,144080,144081],{"id":144079},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,144082,42068],{},[20,144084,31291,144085,110],{},[15,144086,42068],{},[20,144088,144089],{},"It is useful for:",[174,144091,144092,144097,144100,144103],{},[177,144093,144094,144095,4529],{},"Cleaning ",[15,144096,3609],{},[177,144098,144099],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[177,144101,144102],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[177,144104,144105],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,144107,48779],{},[38,144109,144111],{"className":40,"code":144110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,144112,144113,144126,144142,144146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144114,144115,144117,144119,144121,144124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144116,8608],{"class":53},[47,144118,58],{"class":57},[47,144120,78],{"class":65},[47,144122,144123],{"class":69},"  sam  ",[47,144125,689],{"class":65},[47,144127,144128,144131,144133,144136,144138,144140],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144129,144130],{"class":53},"clean_username ",[47,144132,58],{"class":57},[47,144134,144135],{"class":53}," username",[47,144137,110],{"class":61},[47,144139,9279],{"class":113},[47,144141,9288],{"class":61},[47,144143,144144],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144145,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,144147,144148,144150,144152,144155],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,144149,139],{"class":138},[47,144151,117],{"class":61},[47,144153,144154],{"class":113},"clean_username",[47,144156,132],{"class":61},[20,144158,372],{},[38,144160,144162],{"className":40,"code":144161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sam\n",[15,144163,144164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144165,144166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144167,144161],{"class":53},[20,144169,144170],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[38,144172,144174],{"className":40,"code":144173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144175,144176,144189,144193,144215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144177,144178,144180,144182,144184,144187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144179,137021],{"class":53},[47,144181,58],{"class":57},[47,144183,78],{"class":65},[47,144185,144186],{"class":69}," yes  ",[47,144188,689],{"class":65},[47,144190,144191],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144192,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,144194,144195,144197,144199,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209,144211,144213],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144196,7642],{"class":1107},[47,144198,137041],{"class":53},[47,144200,110],{"class":61},[47,144202,9279],{"class":113},[47,144204,8011],{"class":61},[47,144206,7053],{"class":57},[47,144208,78],{"class":65},[47,144210,9303],{"class":69},[47,144212,66],{"class":65},[47,144214,7038],{"class":61},[47,144216,144217,144219,144221,144223,144226,144228],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,144218,8715],{"class":138},[47,144220,117],{"class":61},[47,144222,66],{"class":65},[47,144224,144225],{"class":69},"Matched",[47,144227,66],{"class":65},[47,144229,132],{"class":61},[20,144231,372],{},[38,144233,144235],{"className":40,"code":144234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Matched\n",[15,144236,144237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144238,144239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144240,144234],{"class":53},[20,144242,144243,144244,110],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[210,144245,144247],{"href":144246},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144249,144250],{},"Example with file-style text:",[38,144252,144254],{"className":40,"code":144253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144255,144256,144272,144286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144257,144258,144261,144263,144265,144268,144270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144259,144260],{"class":53},"line ",[47,144262,58],{"class":57},[47,144264,78],{"class":65},[47,144266,144267],{"class":69},"Python basics",[47,144269,87576],{"class":34861},[47,144271,689],{"class":65},[47,144273,144274,144276,144278,144280,144282,144284],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144275,139],{"class":138},[47,144277,117],{"class":61},[47,144279,42194],{"class":138},[47,144281,117],{"class":61},[47,144283,49],{"class":113},[47,144285,2266],{"class":61},[47,144287,144288,144290,144292,144294,144296,144298,144300,144302],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144289,139],{"class":138},[47,144291,117],{"class":61},[47,144293,42194],{"class":138},[47,144295,117],{"class":61},[47,144297,49],{"class":113},[47,144299,110],{"class":61},[47,144301,9279],{"class":113},[47,144303,6934],{"class":61},[20,144305,372],{},[38,144307,144309],{"className":40,"code":144308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144310,144311,144322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144312,144313,144315,144317,144320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144314,385],{"class":43744},[47,144316,144267],{"class":43748},[47,144318,87576],{"class":144319},"sfi6f",[47,144321,30105],{"class":43744},[47,144323,144324,144326,144328],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144325,385],{"class":43744},[47,144327,144267],{"class":43748},[47,144329,30105],{"class":43744},[20,144331,453,144332,144334,144335,110],{},[15,144333,122992],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144336,87576],{},[20,144338,144339,144340,110],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[210,144341,144342],{"href":88229},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144344,144346],{"id":144345},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144348,144349,144350,110],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144351,144352],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144354,144355],{},"Python will:",[174,144357,144358,144361,144364],{},[177,144359,144360],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[177,144362,144363],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[177,144365,144366],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144368,603],{},[38,144370,144372],{"className":40,"code":144371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144373,144374,144387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144375,144376,144378,144380,144382,144385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144377,35096],{"class":53},[47,144379,58],{"class":57},[47,144381,78],{"class":65},[47,144383,144384],{"class":69},"??hello!!",[47,144386,689],{"class":65},[47,144388,144389,144391,144393,144395,144397,144399,144401,144403,144405,144407],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144390,139],{"class":138},[47,144392,117],{"class":61},[47,144394,35117],{"class":113},[47,144396,110],{"class":61},[47,144398,9279],{"class":113},[47,144400,117],{"class":61},[47,144402,66],{"class":65},[47,144404,144047],{"class":69},[47,144406,66],{"class":65},[47,144408,2266],{"class":61},[20,144410,372],{},[38,144412,144413],{"className":40,"code":139093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,144414,144415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144416,144417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144418,139093],{"class":53},[20,144420,52499],{},[38,144422,144424],{"className":40,"code":144423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144425,144426,144439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144427,144428,144430,144432,144434,144437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144429,35096],{"class":53},[47,144431,58],{"class":57},[47,144433,78],{"class":65},[47,144435,144436],{"class":69},"abcHelloCba",[47,144438,689],{"class":65},[47,144440,144441,144443,144445,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457,144459],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144442,139],{"class":138},[47,144444,117],{"class":61},[47,144446,35117],{"class":113},[47,144448,110],{"class":61},[47,144450,9279],{"class":113},[47,144452,117],{"class":61},[47,144454,66],{"class":65},[47,144456,41975],{"class":69},[47,144458,66],{"class":65},[47,144460,2266],{"class":61},[20,144462,372],{},[38,144464,144466],{"className":40,"code":144465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloC\n",[15,144467,144468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144469,144470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144471,144465],{"class":53},[20,144473,6879],{},[20,144475,144476,14668,144479,144481,144482,144484,144485,2838,144487,2842,144489,144491],{},[15,144477,144478],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[278,144480,1369],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144483,41975],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144486,210],{},[15,144488,854],{},[15,144490,863],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144493,144494],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144496,144497,144498,7275],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[210,144499,144500],{"href":130359},[15,144501,124949],{},[33,144503,144505,11222,144507,11222,144510],{"id":144504},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144506,42068],{},[15,144508,144509],{},"lstrip()",[15,144511,144512],{},"rstrip()",[20,144514,144515],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[174,144517,144518,144523,144528],{},[177,144519,144520,144522],{},[15,144521,42068],{}," removes from both ends",[177,144524,144525,144527],{},[15,144526,144509],{}," removes from the left side only",[177,144529,144530,144532],{},[15,144531,144512],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144534,603],{},[38,144536,144538],{"className":40,"code":144537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144539,144540,144552,144556,144574,144593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144541,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144543,35096],{"class":53},[47,144545,58],{"class":57},[47,144547,78],{"class":65},[47,144549,143785],{"class":69},[47,144551,689],{"class":65},[47,144553,144554],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144555,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,144557,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566,144568,144570,144572],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144559,139],{"class":138},[47,144561,117],{"class":61},[47,144563,42194],{"class":138},[47,144565,117],{"class":61},[47,144567,35117],{"class":113},[47,144569,110],{"class":61},[47,144571,9279],{"class":113},[47,144573,6934],{"class":61},[47,144575,144576,144578,144580,144582,144584,144586,144588,144591],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,144577,139],{"class":138},[47,144579,117],{"class":61},[47,144581,42194],{"class":138},[47,144583,117],{"class":61},[47,144585,35117],{"class":113},[47,144587,110],{"class":61},[47,144589,144590],{"class":113},"lstrip",[47,144592,6934],{"class":61},[47,144594,144595,144597,144599,144601,144603,144605,144607,144610],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,144596,139],{"class":138},[47,144598,117],{"class":61},[47,144600,42194],{"class":138},[47,144602,117],{"class":61},[47,144604,35117],{"class":113},[47,144606,110],{"class":61},[47,144608,144609],{"class":113},"rstrip",[47,144611,6934],{"class":61},[20,144613,372],{},[38,144615,144617],{"className":40,"code":144616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144618,144619,144627,144636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144620,144621,144623,144625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144622,385],{"class":43744},[47,144624,4492],{"class":43748},[47,144626,30105],{"class":43744},[47,144628,144629,144631,144634],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144630,385],{"class":43744},[47,144632,144633],{"class":43748},"hello  ",[47,144635,30105],{"class":43744},[47,144637,144638,144640,144643],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144639,385],{"class":43744},[47,144641,144642],{"class":43748},"  hello",[47,144644,30105],{"class":43744},[20,144646,144647],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[33,144649,108786],{"id":108785},[20,144651,144652],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[174,144654,144655,144663,144673,144676],{},[177,144656,144657,144659,144660,144662],{},[15,144658,144478],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144661,41944],{}," once",[177,144664,144665,144666,2838,144668,2842,144670,144672],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144667,210],{},[15,144669,854],{},[15,144671,863],{}," from both ends",[177,144674,144675],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[177,144677,144678],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144680,603],{},[38,144682,144684],{"className":40,"code":144683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144685,144686,144699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144687,144688,144690,144692,144694,144697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144689,126861],{"class":53},[47,144691,58],{"class":57},[47,144693,78],{"class":65},[47,144695,144696],{"class":69},"txt_report.txt",[47,144698,689],{"class":65},[47,144700,144701,144703,144705,144707,144709,144711,144713,144715,144717,144719],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144702,139],{"class":138},[47,144704,117],{"class":61},[47,144706,126879],{"class":113},[47,144708,110],{"class":61},[47,144710,9279],{"class":113},[47,144712,117],{"class":61},[47,144714,66],{"class":65},[47,144716,126914],{"class":69},[47,144718,66],{"class":65},[47,144720,2266],{"class":61},[20,144722,372],{},[38,144724,144726],{"className":40,"code":144725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"_report\n",[15,144727,144728],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144729,144730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144731,144725],{"class":53},[20,144733,144734,144735,2838,144737,2842,144739,144741],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144736,110],{},[15,144738,63709],{},[15,144740,1995],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144743,54073,144744,5427,144747,144749],{},[15,144745,144746],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[278,144748,1369],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144751,144752,144753,144757],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[210,144754,144755],{"href":130359},[15,144756,124949],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[33,144759,1216,144761],{"id":144760},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144762,42068],{},[20,144764,156,144765,144767],{},[15,144766,42068],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144769,36837],{},[174,144771,144772,144776,144778,144781],{},[177,144773,144094,144774,4529],{},[15,144775,3609],{},[177,144777,144099],{},[177,144779,144780],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[177,144782,144783],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144785,603],{},[38,144787,144789],{"className":40,"code":144788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144790,144791,144805,144809,144822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144792,144793,144796,144798,144800,144803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144794,144795],{"class":53},"email ",[47,144797,58],{"class":57},[47,144799,78],{"class":65},[47,144801,144802],{"class":69},"  user@example.com  ",[47,144804,689],{"class":65},[47,144806,144807],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144808,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,144810,144811,144813,144816,144818,144820],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144812,7642],{"class":1107},[47,144814,144815],{"class":53}," email",[47,144817,110],{"class":61},[47,144819,9279],{"class":113},[47,144821,21997],{"class":61},[47,144823,144824,144826,144828,144830,144833,144835],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,144825,8715],{"class":138},[47,144827,117],{"class":61},[47,144829,66],{"class":65},[47,144831,144832],{"class":69},"Email was entered",[47,144834,66],{"class":65},[47,144836,132],{"class":61},[20,144838,372],{},[38,144840,144842],{"className":40,"code":144841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Email was entered\n",[15,144843,144844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144845,144846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144847,144841],{"class":53},[20,144849,144850,144851,144853,144854,110],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144852,42068],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[210,144855,144856],{"href":124505},[15,144857,124508],{},[33,144859,1641],{"id":1640},[20,144861,84663],{},[174,144863,144864,144868,144873,144878],{},[177,144865,1968,144866,131998],{},[15,144867,42068],{},[177,144869,1968,144870,144872],{},[15,144871,42068],{}," to remove text from the middle",[177,144874,453,144875,144877],{},[15,144876,144746],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[177,144879,5348,144880,144883],{},[15,144881,144882],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144885,144886],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[38,144888,144890],{"className":40,"code":144889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144891,144892,144906,144910,144920,144934,144948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144893,144894,144896,144898,144900,144902,144904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144895,35096],{"class":53},[47,144897,58],{"class":57},[47,144899,78],{"class":65},[47,144901,144642],{"class":69},[47,144903,87576],{"class":34861},[47,144905,689],{"class":65},[47,144907,144908],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144909,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,144911,144912,144914,144916,144918],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144913,139],{"class":138},[47,144915,117],{"class":61},[47,144917,35117],{"class":113},[47,144919,132],{"class":61},[47,144921,144922,144924,144926,144928,144930,144932],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,144923,139],{"class":138},[47,144925,117],{"class":61},[47,144927,42194],{"class":138},[47,144929,117],{"class":61},[47,144931,35117],{"class":113},[47,144933,2266],{"class":61},[47,144935,144936,144938,144940,144942,144944,144946],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,144937,139],{"class":138},[47,144939,117],{"class":61},[47,144941,35117],{"class":113},[47,144943,110],{"class":61},[47,144945,9279],{"class":113},[47,144947,7839],{"class":61},[47,144949,144950,144952,144954,144956,144958,144960,144962,144964],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,144951,139],{"class":138},[47,144953,117],{"class":61},[47,144955,42194],{"class":138},[47,144957,117],{"class":61},[47,144959,35117],{"class":113},[47,144961,110],{"class":61},[47,144963,9279],{"class":113},[47,144965,6934],{"class":61},[20,144967,372],{},[38,144969,144971],{"className":40,"code":144970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144972,144973,144978,144982,144992,144996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144974,144975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144976,144977],{"class":53},"  hello\n",[47,144979,144980],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,144981,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,144983,144984,144986,144988,144990],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,144985,385],{"class":43744},[47,144987,144642],{"class":43748},[47,144989,87576],{"class":144319},[47,144991,30105],{"class":43744},[47,144993,144994],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,144995,139093],{"class":53},[47,144997,144998,145000,145002],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,144999,385],{"class":43744},[47,145001,4492],{"class":43748},[47,145003,30105],{"class":43744},[20,145005,145006],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[38,145008,145010],{"className":40,"code":145009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,145011,145012,145022,145036,145050,145068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145013,145014,145016,145018,145020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145015,139],{"class":138},[47,145017,117],{"class":61},[47,145019,35117],{"class":113},[47,145021,132],{"class":61},[47,145023,145024,145026,145028,145030,145032,145034],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145025,139],{"class":138},[47,145027,117],{"class":61},[47,145029,42194],{"class":138},[47,145031,117],{"class":61},[47,145033,35117],{"class":113},[47,145035,2266],{"class":61},[47,145037,145038,145040,145042,145044,145046,145048],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145039,139],{"class":138},[47,145041,117],{"class":61},[47,145043,35117],{"class":113},[47,145045,110],{"class":61},[47,145047,9279],{"class":113},[47,145049,7839],{"class":61},[47,145051,145052,145054,145056,145058,145060,145062,145064,145066],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,145053,139],{"class":138},[47,145055,117],{"class":61},[47,145057,42194],{"class":138},[47,145059,117],{"class":61},[47,145061,35117],{"class":113},[47,145063,110],{"class":61},[47,145065,9279],{"class":113},[47,145067,6934],{"class":61},[47,145069,145070,145072,145074,145076,145078,145080],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,145071,32559],{"class":138},[47,145073,117],{"class":61},[47,145075,4093],{"class":106},[47,145077,110],{"class":61},[47,145079,9279],{"class":25153},[47,145081,132],{"class":61},[20,145083,145084,145086],{},[15,145085,122992],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[33,145088,2429],{"id":2428},[244,145090,2433,145092,145094],{"id":145091},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,145093,42068],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,145096,46782,145097,145099],{},[15,145098,42068],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[244,145101,2433,145103,125105],{"id":145102},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,145104,42068],{},[20,145106,145107],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[244,145109,5785,145111,145113],{"id":145110},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,145112,42068],{}," remove by default?",[20,145115,145116],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[244,145118,34613,145120,34616,145122,3143],{"id":145119},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,145121,42068],{},[15,145123,124949],{},[20,145125,145126,145128,145129,145131],{},[15,145127,42068],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,145130,124949],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[244,145133,145135],{"id":145134},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,145137,128651,145138,145140,145141,145143],{},[15,145139,144509],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145142,144512],{}," for the right side.",[33,145145,2526],{"id":2525},[174,145147,145148,145154,145160,145165,145170],{},[177,145149,145150],{},[210,145151,126778,145152,1637],{"href":124505},[15,145153,124508],{},[177,145155,145156],{},[210,145157,126778,145158,1637],{"href":130359},[15,145159,124949],{},[177,145161,145162],{},[210,145163,145164],{"href":144246},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[177,145166,145167],{},[210,145168,145169],{"href":88229},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[177,145171,145172],{},[210,145173,125533],{"href":51394},[2563,145175,145176],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":145178},[145179,145180,145182,145186,145188,145189,145191,145192,145194,145195,145206],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":143831,"depth":98,"text":145181},"What strip() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":145183},[145184,145185],{"id":143954,"depth":135,"text":143946},{"id":144005,"depth":135,"text":143951},{"id":144079,"depth":98,"text":145187},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144345,"depth":98,"text":144346},{"id":144504,"depth":98,"text":145190},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108785,"depth":98,"text":108786},{"id":144760,"depth":98,"text":145193},"When to use strip()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":145196},[145197,145199,145201,145203,145205],{"id":145091,"depth":135,"text":145198},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145102,"depth":135,"text":145200},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145110,"depth":135,"text":145202},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145119,"depth":135,"text":145204},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145134,"depth":135,"text":145135},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143752,"description":145207},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145214,"title":145215,"body":145216,"description":146396,"extension":2611,"meta":146397,"navigation":357,"path":146398,"seo":146399,"stem":146400,"__hash__":146401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145217,"toc":146366},[145218,145223,145228,145233,145235,145281,145289,145294,145308,145314,145316,145318,145333,145335,145345,145348,145379,145382,145405,145407,145410,145467,145469,145483,145485,145499,145505,145510,145513,145554,145556,145565,145573,145576,145621,145623,145632,145635,145639,145644,145658,145660,145692,145694,145714,145717,145722,145727,145729,145740,145743,145800,145802,145810,145819,145821,145823,145829,145831,145868,145870,145878,145880,145921,145923,145932,145937,145942,145944,145971,145978,145981,146012,146014,146023,146029,146038,146069,146071,146083,146096,146100,146105,146135,146137,146204,146206,146216,146218,146223,146226,146231,146236,146240,146246,146252,146255,146257,146315,146317,146325,146327,146363],[10,145219,123778,145221,18],{"id":145220},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145222,128656],{},[20,145224,123783,145225,145227],{},[15,145226,128656],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145229,85040,145230,145232],{},[15,145231,128656],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[33,145234,36],{"id":35},[38,145236,145238],{"className":40,"code":145237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145239,145240,145252,145266,145276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145241,145242,145244,145246,145248,145250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145243,35096],{"class":53},[47,145245,58],{"class":57},[47,145247,78],{"class":65},[47,145249,129497],{"class":69},[47,145251,689],{"class":65},[47,145253,145254,145256,145258,145260,145262,145264],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145255,2879],{"class":53},[47,145257,58],{"class":57},[47,145259,43257],{"class":53},[47,145261,110],{"class":61},[47,145263,34886],{"class":113},[47,145265,9288],{"class":61},[47,145267,145268,145270,145272,145274],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145269,139],{"class":138},[47,145271,117],{"class":61},[47,145273,2914],{"class":113},[47,145275,132],{"class":61},[47,145277,145278],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,145279,145280],{"class":152},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145282,145283,145285,145286,145288],{},[15,145284,128656],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[278,145287,1369],{}," change the original string in place.",[33,145290,164,145292,167],{"id":145291},"what-upper-does",[15,145293,128656],{},[174,145295,145296,145301,145304,145306],{},[177,145297,145298,145300],{},[15,145299,128656],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[177,145302,145303],{},"It works on string values only",[177,145305,134026],{},[177,145307,136744],{},[20,145309,125530,145310,3530,145312,110],{},[210,145311,136750],{"href":136749},[210,145313,125533],{"href":51394},[33,145315,2806],{"id":2805},[20,145317,2809],{},[38,145319,145321],{"className":40,"code":145320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.upper()\n",[15,145322,145323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145324,145325,145327,145329,145331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145326,61596],{"class":53},[47,145328,110],{"class":61},[47,145330,34886],{"class":113},[47,145332,9288],{"class":61},[20,145334,12092],{},[174,145336,145337,145339,145342],{},[177,145338,97951],{},[177,145340,145341],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[177,145343,145344],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145346,145347],{},"Example with a variable:",[38,145349,145351],{"className":40,"code":145350,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145352,145353,145365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145354,145355,145357,145359,145361,145363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145356,8523],{"class":53},[47,145358,58],{"class":57},[47,145360,78],{"class":65},[47,145362,42],{"class":69},[47,145364,689],{"class":65},[47,145366,145367,145369,145371,145373,145375,145377],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145368,139],{"class":138},[47,145370,117],{"class":61},[47,145372,70],{"class":113},[47,145374,110],{"class":61},[47,145376,34886],{"class":113},[47,145378,7839],{"class":61},[20,145380,145381],{},"Example with a string literal:",[38,145383,145385],{"className":40,"code":145384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145386,145387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145388,145389,145391,145393,145395,145397,145399,145401,145403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145390,139],{"class":138},[47,145392,117],{"class":61},[47,145394,66],{"class":65},[47,145396,4492],{"class":69},[47,145398,66],{"class":65},[47,145400,110],{"class":61},[47,145402,34886],{"class":113},[47,145404,7839],{"class":61},[33,145406,12109],{"id":12108},[20,145408,145409],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[38,145411,145413],{"className":40,"code":145412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145414,145415,145427,145442,145446,145456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145416,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145418,6798],{"class":53},[47,145420,58],{"class":57},[47,145422,78],{"class":65},[47,145424,4729],{"class":69},[47,145426,689],{"class":65},[47,145428,145429,145432,145434,145436,145438,145440],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145430,145431],{"class":53},"uppercase_word ",[47,145433,58],{"class":57},[47,145435,38794],{"class":53},[47,145437,110],{"class":61},[47,145439,34886],{"class":113},[47,145441,9288],{"class":61},[47,145443,145444],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145445,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,145447,145448,145450,145452,145454],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,145449,139],{"class":138},[47,145451,117],{"class":61},[47,145453,38804],{"class":113},[47,145455,132],{"class":61},[47,145457,145458,145460,145462,145465],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,145459,139],{"class":138},[47,145461,117],{"class":61},[47,145463,145464],{"class":113},"uppercase_word",[47,145466,132],{"class":61},[20,145468,372],{},[38,145470,145472],{"className":40,"code":145471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145473,145474,145478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145475,145476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145477,70829],{"class":53},[47,145479,145480],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145481,145482],{"class":34861},"BANANA\n",[20,145484,112892],{},[174,145486,145487,145492],{},[177,145488,145489,145491],{},[15,145490,38804],{}," keeps its original value",[177,145493,145494,145496,145497],{},[15,145495,145464],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145498,128656],{},[33,145500,145502,145504],{"id":145501},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145503,128656],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145506,137410,145507,145509],{},[278,145508,137413],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145511,145512],{},"So this method:",[38,145514,145516],{"className":40,"code":145515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145517,145518,145530,145540,145544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145519,145520,145522,145524,145526,145528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145521,8523],{"class":53},[47,145523,58],{"class":57},[47,145525,78],{"class":65},[47,145527,686],{"class":69},[47,145529,689],{"class":65},[47,145531,145532,145534,145536,145538],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145533,70],{"class":53},[47,145535,110],{"class":61},[47,145537,34886],{"class":113},[47,145539,9288],{"class":61},[47,145541,145542],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145543,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,145545,145546,145548,145550,145552],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,145547,139],{"class":138},[47,145549,117],{"class":61},[47,145551,70],{"class":113},[47,145553,132],{"class":61},[20,145555,372],{},[38,145557,145559],{"className":40,"code":145558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"alice\n",[15,145560,145561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145562,145563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145564,145558],{"class":53},[20,145566,21379,145567,145569,145570,145572],{},[15,145568,128656],{}," was called, ",[15,145571,70],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145574,145575],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[38,145577,145579],{"className":40,"code":145578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145580,145581,145593,145607,145611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145582,145583,145585,145587,145589,145591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145584,8523],{"class":53},[47,145586,58],{"class":57},[47,145588,78],{"class":65},[47,145590,686],{"class":69},[47,145592,689],{"class":65},[47,145594,145595,145597,145599,145601,145603,145605],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145596,8523],{"class":53},[47,145598,58],{"class":57},[47,145600,36402],{"class":53},[47,145602,110],{"class":61},[47,145604,34886],{"class":113},[47,145606,9288],{"class":61},[47,145608,145609],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145610,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,145612,145613,145615,145617,145619],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,145614,139],{"class":138},[47,145616,117],{"class":61},[47,145618,70],{"class":113},[47,145620,132],{"class":61},[20,145622,372],{},[38,145624,145626],{"className":40,"code":145625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ALICE\n",[15,145627,145628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145629,145630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145631,145625],{"class":34861},[20,145633,145634],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[33,145636,145638],{"id":145637},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145640,145641,145643],{},[15,145642,128656],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[174,145645,145646,145649,145652,145655],{},[177,145647,145648],{},"Numbers stay the same",[177,145650,145651],{},"Spaces stay the same",[177,145653,145654],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[177,145656,145657],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145659,603],{},[38,145661,145663],{"className":40,"code":145662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145664,145665,145678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145666,145667,145669,145671,145673,145676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145668,35096],{"class":53},[47,145670,58],{"class":57},[47,145672,78],{"class":65},[47,145674,145675],{"class":69},"Room 7, table #3!",[47,145677,689],{"class":65},[47,145679,145680,145682,145684,145686,145688,145690],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145681,139],{"class":138},[47,145683,117],{"class":61},[47,145685,35117],{"class":113},[47,145687,110],{"class":61},[47,145689,34886],{"class":113},[47,145691,7839],{"class":61},[20,145693,372],{},[38,145695,145697],{"className":40,"code":145696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145698,145699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145700,145701,145704,145706,145708,145711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145702,145703],{"class":34861},"ROOM",[47,145705,6637],{"class":349},[47,145707,75],{"class":61},[47,145709,145710],{"class":34861}," TABLE",[47,145712,145713],{"class":152}," #3!\n",[20,145715,145716],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[33,145718,1216,145720],{"id":145719},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145721,128656],{},[20,145723,145724,145726],{},[15,145725,128656],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145728,48757],{},[174,145730,145731,145734,145737],{},[177,145732,145733],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[177,145735,145736],{},"Format labels or headings",[177,145738,145739],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145741,145742],{},"Example: simple comparison",[38,145744,145746],{"className":40,"code":145745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145747,145748,145760,145764,145786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145749,145750,145752,145754,145756,145758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145751,137021],{"class":53},[47,145753,58],{"class":57},[47,145755,78],{"class":65},[47,145757,9303],{"class":69},[47,145759,689],{"class":65},[47,145761,145762],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145763,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,145765,145766,145768,145770,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145767,7642],{"class":1107},[47,145769,137041],{"class":53},[47,145771,110],{"class":61},[47,145773,34886],{"class":113},[47,145775,8011],{"class":61},[47,145777,7053],{"class":57},[47,145779,78],{"class":65},[47,145781,137028],{"class":69},[47,145783,66],{"class":65},[47,145785,7038],{"class":61},[47,145787,145788,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,145789,8715],{"class":138},[47,145791,117],{"class":61},[47,145793,66],{"class":65},[47,145795,144225],{"class":69},[47,145797,66],{"class":65},[47,145799,132],{"class":61},[20,145801,372],{},[38,145803,145804],{"className":40,"code":144234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145805,145806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145807,145808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145809,144234],{"class":53},[20,145811,145812,145813,2838,145815,2842,145817,110],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145814,9303],{},[15,145816,137814],{},[15,145818,137028],{},[33,145820,1641],{"id":1640},[244,145822,96312],{"id":96311},[20,145824,8762,145825,145828],{},[15,145826,145827],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145830,17253],{},[38,145832,145834],{"className":40,"code":145833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145835,145836,145848,145858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145837,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145839,35096],{"class":53},[47,145841,58],{"class":57},[47,145843,78],{"class":65},[47,145845,4492],{"class":69},[47,145847,689],{"class":65},[47,145849,145850,145852,145854,145856],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145851,35117],{"class":53},[47,145853,110],{"class":61},[47,145855,34886],{"class":113},[47,145857,9288],{"class":61},[47,145859,145860,145862,145864,145866],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145861,139],{"class":138},[47,145863,117],{"class":61},[47,145865,35117],{"class":113},[47,145867,132],{"class":61},[20,145869,372],{},[38,145871,145872],{"className":40,"code":139093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145873,145874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145875,145876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145877,139093],{"class":53},[20,145879,17265],{},[38,145881,145883],{"className":40,"code":145882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145884,145885,145897,145911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145886,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145888,35096],{"class":53},[47,145890,58],{"class":57},[47,145892,78],{"class":65},[47,145894,4492],{"class":69},[47,145896,689],{"class":65},[47,145898,145899,145901,145903,145905,145907,145909],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145900,35096],{"class":53},[47,145902,58],{"class":57},[47,145904,43257],{"class":53},[47,145906,110],{"class":61},[47,145908,34886],{"class":113},[47,145910,9288],{"class":61},[47,145912,145913,145915,145917,145919],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,145914,139],{"class":138},[47,145916,117],{"class":61},[47,145918,35117],{"class":113},[47,145920,132],{"class":61},[20,145922,372],{},[38,145924,145926],{"className":40,"code":145925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO\n",[15,145927,145928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145929,145930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145931,145925],{"class":34861},[244,145933,1833,145935,137700],{"id":145934},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145936,128656],{},[20,145938,145939,145941],{},[15,145940,128656],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145943,603],{},[38,145945,145947],{"className":40,"code":145946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145948,145949,145957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145950,145951,145953,145955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145952,2866],{"class":53},[47,145954,58],{"class":57},[47,145956,125460],{"class":349},[47,145958,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967,145969],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145960,139],{"class":138},[47,145962,117],{"class":61},[47,145964,2889],{"class":113},[47,145966,110],{"class":61},[47,145968,34886],{"class":113},[47,145970,7839],{"class":61},[20,145972,40067,145973,145975,145976,34008],{},[15,145974,2837],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145977,128656],{},[20,145979,145980],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[38,145982,145984],{"className":40,"code":145983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145985,145986,145994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145987,145988,145990,145992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145989,2866],{"class":53},[47,145991,58],{"class":57},[47,145993,125460],{"class":349},[47,145995,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,145997,139],{"class":138},[47,145999,117],{"class":61},[47,146001,4093],{"class":106},[47,146003,117],{"class":61},[47,146005,2889],{"class":113},[47,146007,9276],{"class":61},[47,146009,34886],{"class":113},[47,146011,7839],{"class":61},[20,146013,372],{},[38,146015,146017],{"className":40,"code":146016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"123\n",[15,146018,146019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146020,146021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146022,146016],{"class":349},[244,146024,37616,146026,146028],{"id":146025},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,146027,128656],{}," with title case",[20,146030,146031,146033,146034,146037],{},[15,146032,128656],{}," makes ",[278,146035,146036],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[38,146039,146041],{"className":40,"code":146040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,146042,146043,146055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146044,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146046,35096],{"class":53},[47,146048,58],{"class":57},[47,146050,78],{"class":65},[47,146052,60828],{"class":69},[47,146054,689],{"class":65},[47,146056,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065,146067],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146058,139],{"class":138},[47,146060,117],{"class":61},[47,146062,35117],{"class":113},[47,146064,110],{"class":61},[47,146066,34886],{"class":113},[47,146068,7839],{"class":61},[20,146070,372],{},[38,146072,146074],{"className":40,"code":146073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,146075,146076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146077,146078,146080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146079,136802],{"class":34861},[47,146081,146082],{"class":34861}," WORLD\n",[20,146084,146085,146086,146090,146091,146095],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[210,146087,146088],{"href":124505},[15,146089,124508],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[210,146092,146093],{"href":130359},[15,146094,124949],{}," changes parts of a string.",[33,146097,146099],{"id":146098},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,146101,146102,146103,172],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,146104,128656],{},[174,146106,146107,146114,146121,146128],{},[177,146108,146109,146113],{},[210,146110,146111],{"href":124505},[15,146112,124508],{}," for lowercase text",[177,146115,146116,146120],{},[210,146117,146118],{"href":137348},[15,146119,42068],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[177,146122,146123,146127],{},[210,146124,146125],{"href":130359},[15,146126,124949],{}," for changing parts of a string",[177,146129,146130,5036,146132,146134],{},[15,146131,128146],{},[15,146133,126836],{}," for checks",[20,146136,603],{},[38,146138,146140],{"className":40,"code":146139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146141,146142,146154,146158,146173,146189,146193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146143,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146145,35096],{"class":53},[47,146147,58],{"class":57},[47,146149,78],{"class":65},[47,146151,143876],{"class":69},[47,146153,689],{"class":65},[47,146155,146156],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146157,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,146159,146160,146163,146165,146167,146169,146171],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,146161,146162],{"class":53},"cleaned ",[47,146164,58],{"class":57},[47,146166,43257],{"class":53},[47,146168,110],{"class":61},[47,146170,9279],{"class":113},[47,146172,9288],{"class":61},[47,146174,146175,146178,146180,146183,146185,146187],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,146176,146177],{"class":53},"loud ",[47,146179,58],{"class":57},[47,146181,146182],{"class":53}," cleaned",[47,146184,110],{"class":61},[47,146186,34886],{"class":113},[47,146188,9288],{"class":61},[47,146190,146191],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,146192,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,146194,146195,146197,146199,146202],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,146196,139],{"class":138},[47,146198,117],{"class":61},[47,146200,146201],{"class":113},"loud",[47,146203,132],{"class":61},[20,146205,372],{},[38,146207,146208],{"className":40,"code":146073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146209,146210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146211,146212,146214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146213,136802],{"class":34861},[47,146215,146082],{"class":34861},[33,146217,2429],{"id":2428},[244,146219,2433,146221,125105],{"id":146220},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146222,128656],{},[20,146224,146225],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[244,146227,2433,146229,138082],{"id":146228},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146230,128656],{},[20,146232,146233,146234,110],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146235,145827],{},[244,146237,146239],{"id":146238},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146241,146242,146243,146245],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146244,128656],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[244,146247,28733,146249,146251],{"id":146248},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146250,128656],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146253,146254],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146256,603],{},[38,146258,146260],{"className":40,"code":146259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146261,146262,146274,146287,146291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146263,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146265,3206],{"class":53},[47,146267,58],{"class":57},[47,146269,78],{"class":65},[47,146271,42],{"class":69},[47,146273,689],{"class":65},[47,146275,146276,146278,146280,146282,146285],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146277,3234],{"class":53},[47,146279,58],{"class":57},[47,146281,78],{"class":65},[47,146283,146284],{"class":69},"PYTHON",[47,146286,689],{"class":65},[47,146288,146289],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,146290,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,146292,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,146294,139],{"class":138},[47,146296,117],{"class":61},[47,146298,210],{"class":113},[47,146300,110],{"class":61},[47,146302,34886],{"class":113},[47,146304,8011],{"class":61},[47,146306,7053],{"class":57},[47,146308,3211],{"class":113},[47,146310,110],{"class":61},[47,146312,34886],{"class":113},[47,146314,7839],{"class":61},[20,146316,372],{},[38,146318,146319],{"className":40,"code":4620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146320,146321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146322,146323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146324,4620],{"class":559},[33,146326,2526],{"id":2525},[174,146328,146329,146333,146339,146345,146351,146355,146359],{},[177,146330,146331],{},[210,146332,125533],{"href":51394},[177,146334,146335],{},[210,146336,126778,146337,1637],{"href":124505},[15,146338,124508],{},[177,146340,146341],{},[210,146342,126778,146343,1637],{"href":137348},[15,146344,42068],{},[177,146346,146347],{},[210,146348,126778,146349,1637],{"href":130359},[15,146350,124949],{},[177,146352,146353],{},[210,146354,91106],{"href":90115},[177,146356,146357],{},[210,146358,125177],{"href":124033},[177,146360,146361],{},[210,146362,138168],{"href":136749},[2563,146364,146365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":146367},[146368,146369,146371,146372,146373,146375,146376,146378,146385,146386,146395],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":145291,"depth":98,"text":146370},"What upper() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":145501,"depth":98,"text":146374},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145637,"depth":98,"text":145638},{"id":145719,"depth":98,"text":146377},"When to use upper()",{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":146379},[146380,146381,146383],{"id":96311,"depth":135,"text":96312},{"id":145934,"depth":135,"text":146382},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146025,"depth":135,"text":146384},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146098,"depth":98,"text":146099},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":146387},[146388,146390,146392,146393],{"id":146220,"depth":135,"text":146389},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146228,"depth":135,"text":146391},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146238,"depth":135,"text":146239},{"id":146248,"depth":135,"text":146394},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145215,"description":146396},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146403,"title":146404,"body":146405,"description":148282,"extension":2611,"meta":148283,"navigation":357,"path":148284,"seo":148285,"stem":148286,"__hash__":148287},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146406,"toc":148232},[146407,146413,146420,146426,146428,146484,146489,146494,146499,146502,146521,146524,146526,146550,146568,146579,146581,146584,146637,146639,146647,146649,146667,146672,146675,146732,146734,146743,146746,146766,146769,146775,146780,146782,146825,146827,146835,146838,146879,146881,146890,146896,146902,146929,146931,146939,146944,146948,146960,147003,147005,147013,147018,147024,147029,147033,147035,147078,147081,147128,147130,147139,147146,147150,147153,147199,147204,147208,147210,147253,147256,147264,147266,147271,147273,147275,147294,147297,147309,147311,147330,147332,147340,147344,147346,147397,147400,147475,147477,147485,147488,147492,147494,147541,147544,147615,147617,147625,147631,147633,147708,147712,147791,147793,147801,147807,147813,147818,147823,147872,147876,147947,147950,147955,147966,147969,147980,147990,147992,147997,148022,148027,148108,148110,148135,148137,148142,148145,148151,148160,148166,148169,148175,148181,148188,148191,148193,148229],[10,146408,4226,146410,4230],{"id":146409},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146411,146412],{},"sum()",[20,146414,9768,146415,146417,146418,25167],{},[15,146416,146412],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146419,60420],{},[20,146421,146422,146423,146425],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146424,36483],{}," value and a few important limits.",[33,146427,36],{"id":35},[38,146429,146431],{"className":40,"code":146430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146432,146433,146457,146472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146434,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146436,4270],{"class":53},[47,146438,58],{"class":57},[47,146440,62],{"class":61},[47,146442,917],{"class":349},[47,146444,75],{"class":61},[47,146446,2409],{"class":349},[47,146448,75],{"class":61},[47,146450,2414],{"class":349},[47,146452,75],{"class":61},[47,146454,3108],{"class":349},[47,146456,95],{"class":61},[47,146458,146459,146461,146463,146466,146468,146470],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146460,41597],{"class":53},[47,146462,58],{"class":57},[47,146464,146465],{"class":138}," sum",[47,146467,117],{"class":61},[47,146469,4300],{"class":113},[47,146471,132],{"class":61},[47,146473,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,146475,139],{"class":138},[47,146477,117],{"class":61},[47,146479,41626],{"class":113},[47,146481,4313],{"class":61},[47,146483,27199],{"class":152},[20,146485,156,146486,146488],{},[15,146487,146412],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[33,146490,164,146492,167],{"id":146491},"what-sum-does",[15,146493,146412],{},[20,146495,146496,146498],{},[15,146497,146412],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146500,146501],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[174,146503,146504,146507,146510,146515],{},[177,146505,146506],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[177,146508,146509],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[177,146511,146512,146513],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146514,36609],{},[177,146516,146517,146518,146520],{},"Counting ",[15,146519,4255],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146522,146523],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[33,146525,2806],{"id":2805},[38,146527,146529],{"className":40,"code":146528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146530,146531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146532,146533,146536,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146534,146535],{"class":138},"sum",[47,146537,117],{"class":61},[47,146539,235],{"class":113},[47,146541,75],{"class":61},[47,146543,36462],{"class":9818},[47,146545,58],{"class":57},[47,146547,436],{"class":349},[47,146549,132],{"class":61},[174,146551,146552,146557,146562],{},[177,146553,146554,146556],{},[15,146555,235],{}," is the group of values to add",[177,146558,146559,146561],{},[15,146560,36483],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[177,146563,146564,146565],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146566,146567],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146569,146570,146571,146574,146575,110],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146572,146573,235],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[210,146576,146577,25020],{"href":36606},[15,146578,36609],{},[33,146580,12109],{"id":12108},[20,146582,146583],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[38,146585,146587],{"className":40,"code":146586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146588,146589,146609,146623,146627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146590,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146592,4270],{"class":53},[47,146594,58],{"class":57},[47,146596,62],{"class":61},[47,146598,2784],{"class":349},[47,146600,75],{"class":61},[47,146602,6648],{"class":349},[47,146604,75],{"class":61},[47,146606,38349],{"class":349},[47,146608,95],{"class":61},[47,146610,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146612,41597],{"class":53},[47,146614,58],{"class":57},[47,146616,146465],{"class":138},[47,146618,117],{"class":61},[47,146620,4300],{"class":113},[47,146622,132],{"class":61},[47,146624,146625],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,146626,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,146628,146629,146631,146633,146635],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,146630,139],{"class":138},[47,146632,117],{"class":61},[47,146634,41626],{"class":113},[47,146636,132],{"class":61},[20,146638,372],{},[38,146640,146641],{"className":40,"code":70263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146642,146643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146644,146645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146646,70263],{"class":349},[20,146648,424],{},[174,146650,146651,146656,146662],{},[177,146652,146653,146655],{},[15,146654,4300],{}," contains three integers",[177,146657,146658,146661],{},[15,146659,146660],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[177,146663,146664,146665],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146666,41626],{},[33,146668,37024,146670,240],{"id":146669},"using-the-start-value",[15,146671,36483],{},[20,146673,146674],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[38,146676,146678],{"className":40,"code":146677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146679,146680,146700,146718,146722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146681,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146683,4270],{"class":53},[47,146685,58],{"class":57},[47,146687,62],{"class":61},[47,146689,917],{"class":349},[47,146691,75],{"class":61},[47,146693,2409],{"class":349},[47,146695,75],{"class":61},[47,146697,2414],{"class":349},[47,146699,95],{"class":61},[47,146701,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146703,41597],{"class":53},[47,146705,58],{"class":57},[47,146707,146465],{"class":138},[47,146709,117],{"class":61},[47,146711,4300],{"class":113},[47,146713,75],{"class":61},[47,146715,6648],{"class":349},[47,146717,132],{"class":61},[47,146719,146720],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,146721,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,146723,146724,146726,146728,146730],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,146725,139],{"class":138},[47,146727,117],{"class":61},[47,146729,41626],{"class":113},[47,146731,132],{"class":61},[20,146733,372],{},[38,146735,146737],{"className":40,"code":146736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"16\n",[15,146738,146739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146740,146741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146742,146736],{"class":349},[20,146744,146745],{},"This works like:",[174,146747,146748,146753,146758,146762],{},[177,146749,146750,146751],{},"Start at ",[15,146752,2981],{},[177,146754,146755,146756],{},"Add ",[15,146757,917],{},[177,146759,146755,146760],{},[15,146761,2705],{},[177,146763,146755,146764],{},[15,146765,2711],{},[20,146767,146768],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[33,146770,164,146772,146774],{"id":146771},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146773,146412],{}," can work with",[20,146776,146777,146779],{},[15,146778,146412],{}," works with numeric values.",[244,146781,40839],{"id":40838},[38,146783,146785],{"className":40,"code":146784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146786,146787,146811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146788,146789,146791,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146790,4470],{"class":53},[47,146792,58],{"class":57},[47,146794,62],{"class":61},[47,146796,917],{"class":349},[47,146798,75],{"class":61},[47,146800,2409],{"class":349},[47,146802,75],{"class":61},[47,146804,2414],{"class":349},[47,146806,75],{"class":61},[47,146808,3108],{"class":349},[47,146810,95],{"class":61},[47,146812,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146814,139],{"class":138},[47,146816,117],{"class":61},[47,146818,146535],{"class":138},[47,146820,117],{"class":61},[47,146822,6003],{"class":113},[47,146824,2266],{"class":61},[20,146826,372],{},[38,146828,146829],{"className":40,"code":3027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146830,146831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146832,146833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146834,3027],{"class":349},[244,146836,146837],{"id":52465},"Floats",[38,146839,146841],{"className":40,"code":146840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146842,146843,146865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146844,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146858,146860,146863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146846,83471],{"class":53},[47,146848,58],{"class":57},[47,146850,62],{"class":61},[47,146852,41573],{"class":349},[47,146854,75],{"class":61},[47,146856,146857],{"class":349}," 3.75",[47,146859,75],{"class":61},[47,146861,146862],{"class":349}," 1.25",[47,146864,95],{"class":61},[47,146866,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146868,139],{"class":138},[47,146870,117],{"class":61},[47,146872,146535],{"class":138},[47,146874,117],{"class":61},[47,146876,83507],{"class":113},[47,146878,2266],{"class":61},[20,146880,372],{},[38,146882,146884],{"className":40,"code":146883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.5\n",[15,146885,146886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146887,146888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146889,146883],{"class":349},[20,146891,146892,146893,110],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[210,146894,146895],{"href":3070},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[244,146897,146899,146900],{"id":146898},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146901,36609],{},[38,146903,146905],{"className":40,"code":146904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146906,146907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146908,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146910,139],{"class":138},[47,146912,117],{"class":61},[47,146914,146535],{"class":138},[47,146916,117],{"class":61},[47,146918,60420],{"class":138},[47,146920,117],{"class":61},[47,146922,917],{"class":349},[47,146924,75],{"class":61},[47,146926,38056],{"class":349},[47,146928,2425],{"class":61},[20,146930,372],{},[38,146932,146933],{"className":40,"code":47458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146934,146935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146936,146937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146938,47458],{"class":349},[20,146940,113982,146941,110],{},[15,146942,146943],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[244,146945,146947],{"id":146946},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146949,146950,146951,146953,146954,5036,146956,146953,146958,110],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146952,4255],{}," acts like ",[15,146955,917],{},[15,146957,4326],{},[15,146959,436],{},[38,146961,146963],{"className":40,"code":146962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146964,146965,146989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146966,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146968,52385],{"class":53},[47,146970,58],{"class":57},[47,146972,62],{"class":61},[47,146974,4255],{"class":559},[47,146976,75],{"class":61},[47,146978,1288],{"class":559},[47,146980,75],{"class":61},[47,146982,1444],{"class":559},[47,146984,75],{"class":61},[47,146986,1444],{"class":559},[47,146988,95],{"class":61},[47,146990,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,146992,139],{"class":138},[47,146994,117],{"class":61},[47,146996,146535],{"class":138},[47,146998,117],{"class":61},[47,147000,52438],{"class":113},[47,147002,2266],{"class":61},[20,147004,372],{},[38,147006,147007],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147008,147009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147010,147011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147012,47034],{"class":349},[20,147014,147015,147016,110],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,147017,4255],{},[33,147019,164,147021,147023],{"id":147020},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,147022,146412],{}," does not work with",[20,147025,147026,147028],{},[15,147027,146412],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[244,147030,147032],{"id":147031},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,147034,3488],{},[38,147036,147038],{"className":40,"code":147037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,147039,147040,147064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147041,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147043,4711],{"class":53},[47,147045,58],{"class":57},[47,147047,62],{"class":61},[47,147049,66],{"class":65},[47,147051,4492],{"class":69},[47,147053,66],{"class":65},[47,147055,75],{"class":61},[47,147057,78],{"class":65},[47,147059,61013],{"class":69},[47,147061,66],{"class":65},[47,147063,95],{"class":61},[47,147065,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147067,139],{"class":138},[47,147069,117],{"class":61},[47,147071,146535],{"class":138},[47,147073,117],{"class":61},[47,147075,4755],{"class":113},[47,147077,2266],{"class":61},[20,147079,147080],{},"Use string joining instead:",[38,147082,147084],{"className":40,"code":147083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,147085,147086,147110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147087,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147089,4711],{"class":53},[47,147091,58],{"class":57},[47,147093,62],{"class":61},[47,147095,66],{"class":65},[47,147097,4492],{"class":69},[47,147099,66],{"class":65},[47,147101,75],{"class":61},[47,147103,78],{"class":65},[47,147105,61013],{"class":69},[47,147107,66],{"class":65},[47,147109,95],{"class":61},[47,147111,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147113,139],{"class":138},[47,147115,117],{"class":61},[47,147117,6916],{"class":65},[47,147119,110],{"class":61},[47,147121,133937],{"class":113},[47,147123,117],{"class":61},[47,147125,4755],{"class":113},[47,147127,2266],{"class":61},[20,147129,372],{},[38,147131,147133],{"className":40,"code":147132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"helloworld\n",[15,147134,147135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147136,147137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147138,147132],{"class":53},[20,147140,147141,147142,110],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[210,147143,147144,6428],{"href":42590},[15,147145,48101],{},[244,147147,147149],{"id":147148},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147151,147152],{},"This also causes an error:",[38,147154,147156],{"className":40,"code":147155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147157,147158,147185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147159,147160,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147161,147162],{"class":53},"lists ",[47,147164,58],{"class":57},[47,147166,56714],{"class":61},[47,147168,917],{"class":349},[47,147170,75],{"class":61},[47,147172,2409],{"class":349},[47,147174,959],{"class":61},[47,147176,62],{"class":61},[47,147178,2711],{"class":349},[47,147180,75],{"class":61},[47,147182,3108],{"class":349},[47,147184,53662],{"class":61},[47,147186,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147188,139],{"class":138},[47,147190,117],{"class":61},[47,147192,146535],{"class":138},[47,147194,117],{"class":61},[47,147196,5944],{"class":113},[47,147198,2266],{"class":61},[20,147200,147201,147203],{},[15,147202,146412],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[244,147205,147207],{"id":147206},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147209,6117],{},[38,147211,147213],{"className":40,"code":147212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147214,147215,147239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147216,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147218,4470],{"class":53},[47,147220,58],{"class":57},[47,147222,62],{"class":61},[47,147224,917],{"class":349},[47,147226,75],{"class":61},[47,147228,2409],{"class":349},[47,147230,75],{"class":61},[47,147232,78],{"class":65},[47,147234,2711],{"class":69},[47,147236,66],{"class":65},[47,147238,95],{"class":61},[47,147240,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147242,139],{"class":138},[47,147244,117],{"class":61},[47,147246,146535],{"class":138},[47,147248,117],{"class":61},[47,147250,6003],{"class":113},[47,147252,2266],{"class":61},[20,147254,147255],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147257,147258,147259,147261,147262,110],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147260,66368],{},", convert them first. See ",[210,147263,3614],{"href":3613},[33,147265,41919],{"id":41918},[20,147267,147268,147269,110],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147270,146412],{},[244,147272,7168],{"id":7167},[20,147274,5169],{},[38,147276,147278],{"className":40,"code":147277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147279,147280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147281,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147283,139],{"class":138},[47,147285,117],{"class":61},[47,147287,146535],{"class":138},[47,147289,117],{"class":61},[47,147291,2784],{"class":349},[47,147293,2266],{"class":61},[20,147295,147296],{},"Why it fails:",[174,147298,147299,147304],{},[177,147300,147301,147303],{},[15,147302,2784],{}," is a single integer",[177,147305,147306,147308],{},[15,147307,146412],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147310,7198],{},[38,147312,147314],{"className":40,"code":147313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147315,147316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147317,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147319,139],{"class":138},[47,147321,117],{"class":61},[47,147323,146535],{"class":138},[47,147325,1258],{"class":61},[47,147327,2784],{"class":349},[47,147329,3649],{"class":61},[20,147331,372],{},[38,147333,147334],{"className":40,"code":3598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147335,147336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147337,147338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147339,3598],{"class":349},[244,147341,147343],{"id":147342},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147345,5169],{},[38,147347,147349],{"className":40,"code":147348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147350,147351,147383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147352,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147354,4470],{"class":53},[47,147356,58],{"class":57},[47,147358,62],{"class":61},[47,147360,66],{"class":65},[47,147362,917],{"class":69},[47,147364,66],{"class":65},[47,147366,75],{"class":61},[47,147368,78],{"class":65},[47,147370,2705],{"class":69},[47,147372,66],{"class":65},[47,147374,75],{"class":61},[47,147376,78],{"class":65},[47,147378,2711],{"class":69},[47,147380,66],{"class":65},[47,147382,95],{"class":61},[47,147384,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147386,139],{"class":138},[47,147388,117],{"class":61},[47,147390,146535],{"class":138},[47,147392,117],{"class":61},[47,147394,6003],{"class":113},[47,147396,2266],{"class":61},[20,147398,147399],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[38,147401,147403],{"className":40,"code":147402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147404,147405,147437,147465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147406,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147408,4470],{"class":53},[47,147410,58],{"class":57},[47,147412,62],{"class":61},[47,147414,66],{"class":65},[47,147416,917],{"class":69},[47,147418,66],{"class":65},[47,147420,75],{"class":61},[47,147422,78],{"class":65},[47,147424,2705],{"class":69},[47,147426,66],{"class":65},[47,147428,75],{"class":61},[47,147430,78],{"class":65},[47,147432,2711],{"class":69},[47,147434,66],{"class":65},[47,147436,95],{"class":61},[47,147438,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147440,41597],{"class":53},[47,147442,58],{"class":57},[47,147444,146465],{"class":138},[47,147446,117],{"class":61},[47,147448,2837],{"class":106},[47,147450,117],{"class":61},[47,147452,1995],{"class":113},[47,147454,4313],{"class":61},[47,147456,1108],{"class":1107},[47,147458,4524],{"class":113},[47,147460,1114],{"class":1107},[47,147462,4529],{"class":113},[47,147464,132],{"class":61},[47,147466,147467,147469,147471,147473],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,147468,139],{"class":138},[47,147470,117],{"class":61},[47,147472,41626],{"class":113},[47,147474,132],{"class":61},[20,147476,372],{},[38,147478,147479],{"className":40,"code":3307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147480,147481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147482,147483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147484,3307],{"class":349},[20,147486,147487],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[244,147489,147491],{"id":147490},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147493,5169],{},[38,147495,147497],{"className":40,"code":147496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147498,147499,147527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147500,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147502,4470],{"class":53},[47,147504,58],{"class":57},[47,147506,62],{"class":61},[47,147508,917],{"class":349},[47,147510,75],{"class":61},[47,147512,2409],{"class":349},[47,147514,75],{"class":61},[47,147516,78],{"class":65},[47,147518,2711],{"class":69},[47,147520,66],{"class":65},[47,147522,75],{"class":61},[47,147524,3108],{"class":349},[47,147526,95],{"class":61},[47,147528,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147530,139],{"class":138},[47,147532,117],{"class":61},[47,147534,146535],{"class":138},[47,147536,117],{"class":61},[47,147538,6003],{"class":113},[47,147540,2266],{"class":61},[20,147542,147543],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[38,147545,147547],{"className":40,"code":147546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147548,147549,147577,147605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147550,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147552,4470],{"class":53},[47,147554,58],{"class":57},[47,147556,62],{"class":61},[47,147558,917],{"class":349},[47,147560,75],{"class":61},[47,147562,2409],{"class":349},[47,147564,75],{"class":61},[47,147566,78],{"class":65},[47,147568,2711],{"class":69},[47,147570,66],{"class":65},[47,147572,75],{"class":61},[47,147574,3108],{"class":349},[47,147576,95],{"class":61},[47,147578,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147580,41597],{"class":53},[47,147582,58],{"class":57},[47,147584,146465],{"class":138},[47,147586,117],{"class":61},[47,147588,2837],{"class":106},[47,147590,117],{"class":61},[47,147592,1995],{"class":113},[47,147594,4313],{"class":61},[47,147596,1108],{"class":1107},[47,147598,4524],{"class":113},[47,147600,1114],{"class":1107},[47,147602,4529],{"class":113},[47,147604,132],{"class":61},[47,147606,147607,147609,147611,147613],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,147608,139],{"class":138},[47,147610,117],{"class":61},[47,147612,41626],{"class":113},[47,147614,132],{"class":61},[20,147616,372],{},[38,147618,147619],{"className":40,"code":3027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147620,147621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147622,147623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147624,3027],{"class":349},[244,147626,453,147628,147630],{"id":147627},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147629,146412],{}," to join text",[20,147632,5169],{},[38,147634,147636],{"className":40,"code":147635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147637,147638,147694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147639,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147641,36501],{"class":53},[47,147643,58],{"class":57},[47,147645,62],{"class":61},[47,147647,66],{"class":65},[47,147649,134536],{"class":69},[47,147651,66],{"class":65},[47,147653,75],{"class":61},[47,147655,78],{"class":65},[47,147657,2161],{"class":69},[47,147659,66],{"class":65},[47,147661,75],{"class":61},[47,147663,78],{"class":65},[47,147665,63709],{"class":69},[47,147667,66],{"class":65},[47,147669,75],{"class":61},[47,147671,78],{"class":65},[47,147673,60860],{"class":69},[47,147675,66],{"class":65},[47,147677,75],{"class":61},[47,147679,78],{"class":65},[47,147681,60895],{"class":69},[47,147683,66],{"class":65},[47,147685,75],{"class":61},[47,147687,78],{"class":65},[47,147689,76453],{"class":69},[47,147691,66],{"class":65},[47,147693,95],{"class":61},[47,147695,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147697,139],{"class":138},[47,147699,117],{"class":61},[47,147701,146535],{"class":138},[47,147703,117],{"class":61},[47,147705,36554],{"class":113},[47,147707,2266],{"class":61},[20,147709,156,147710,60954],{},[15,147711,133860],{},[38,147713,147715],{"className":40,"code":147714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147716,147717,147773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147718,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147720,36501],{"class":53},[47,147722,58],{"class":57},[47,147724,62],{"class":61},[47,147726,66],{"class":65},[47,147728,134536],{"class":69},[47,147730,66],{"class":65},[47,147732,75],{"class":61},[47,147734,78],{"class":65},[47,147736,2161],{"class":69},[47,147738,66],{"class":65},[47,147740,75],{"class":61},[47,147742,78],{"class":65},[47,147744,63709],{"class":69},[47,147746,66],{"class":65},[47,147748,75],{"class":61},[47,147750,78],{"class":65},[47,147752,60860],{"class":69},[47,147754,66],{"class":65},[47,147756,75],{"class":61},[47,147758,78],{"class":65},[47,147760,60895],{"class":69},[47,147762,66],{"class":65},[47,147764,75],{"class":61},[47,147766,78],{"class":65},[47,147768,76453],{"class":69},[47,147770,66],{"class":65},[47,147772,95],{"class":61},[47,147774,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147776,139],{"class":138},[47,147778,117],{"class":61},[47,147780,6916],{"class":65},[47,147782,110],{"class":61},[47,147784,133937],{"class":113},[47,147786,117],{"class":61},[47,147788,36554],{"class":113},[47,147790,2266],{"class":61},[20,147792,372],{},[38,147794,147795],{"className":40,"code":134617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147796,147797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147798,147799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147800,134617],{"class":53},[20,147802,147803,147804,110],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[210,147805,147806],{"href":135698},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[33,147808,147810,147812],{"id":147809},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147811,146412],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147814,147815,147817],{},[15,147816,146412],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[244,147819,453,147821],{"id":147820},"using-sum",[15,147822,146412],{},[38,147824,147826],{"className":40,"code":147825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147827,147828,147848,147862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147829,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147831,4270],{"class":53},[47,147833,58],{"class":57},[47,147835,62],{"class":61},[47,147837,3156],{"class":349},[47,147839,75],{"class":61},[47,147841,6637],{"class":349},[47,147843,75],{"class":61},[47,147845,54556],{"class":349},[47,147847,95],{"class":61},[47,147849,147850,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147851,41597],{"class":53},[47,147853,58],{"class":57},[47,147855,146465],{"class":138},[47,147857,117],{"class":61},[47,147859,4300],{"class":113},[47,147861,132],{"class":61},[47,147863,147864,147866,147868,147870],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,147865,139],{"class":138},[47,147867,117],{"class":61},[47,147869,41626],{"class":113},[47,147871,132],{"class":61},[244,147873,147875],{"id":147874},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[38,147877,147879],{"className":40,"code":147878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147880,147881,147901,147909,147913,147925,147933,147937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147882,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147884,4270],{"class":53},[47,147886,58],{"class":57},[47,147888,62],{"class":61},[47,147890,3156],{"class":349},[47,147892,75],{"class":61},[47,147894,6637],{"class":349},[47,147896,75],{"class":61},[47,147898,54556],{"class":349},[47,147900,95],{"class":61},[47,147902,147903,147905,147907],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,147904,41597],{"class":53},[47,147906,58],{"class":57},[47,147908,38926],{"class":349},[47,147910,147911],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,147912,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,147914,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,147916,6601],{"class":1107},[47,147918,7031],{"class":53},[47,147920,1114],{"class":1107},[47,147922,4905],{"class":53},[47,147924,7038],{"class":61},[47,147926,147927,147929,147931],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,147928,90530],{"class":53},[47,147930,90533],{"class":57},[47,147932,90536],{"class":53},[47,147934,147935],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,147936,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,147938,147939,147941,147943,147945],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,147940,139],{"class":138},[47,147942,117],{"class":61},[47,147944,41626],{"class":113},[47,147946,132],{"class":61},[20,147948,147949],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147951,3139,147952,147954],{},[15,147953,146412],{}," is often better:",[174,147956,147957,147960,147963],{},[177,147958,147959],{},"Shorter code",[177,147961,147962],{},"Easier to read",[177,147964,147965],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147967,147968],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[174,147970,147971,147974,147977],{},[177,147972,147973],{},"You need to skip some values",[177,147975,147976],{},"You need extra checks",[177,147978,147979],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147981,147982,147983,147986,147987,147989],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[210,147984,147985],{"href":40422},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147988,146412],{}," on the filtered result.",[33,147991,1641],{"id":1640},[20,147993,147994,147995,172],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147996,146412],{},[174,147998,147999,148005,148012,148019],{},[177,148000,148001,148002],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,148003,148004],{},"sum(5)",[177,148006,148007,148008,148011],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,148009,148010],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[177,148013,453,148014,148016,148017],{},[15,148015,146412],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,148018,133860],{},[177,148020,148021],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,148023,9520,148024,148026],{},[15,148025,146412],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[38,148028,148030],{"className":40,"code":148029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,148031,148032,148042,148056,148080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148033,148034,148036,148038,148040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148035,139],{"class":138},[47,148037,117],{"class":61},[47,148039,6003],{"class":113},[47,148041,132],{"class":61},[47,148043,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,148045,139],{"class":138},[47,148047,117],{"class":61},[47,148049,2392],{"class":106},[47,148051,117],{"class":61},[47,148053,6003],{"class":113},[47,148055,2266],{"class":61},[47,148057,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,148059,139],{"class":138},[47,148061,1258],{"class":61},[47,148063,2392],{"class":106},[47,148065,117],{"class":61},[47,148067,1995],{"class":113},[47,148069,4313],{"class":61},[47,148071,1108],{"class":1107},[47,148073,4524],{"class":113},[47,148075,1114],{"class":1107},[47,148077,4529],{"class":113},[47,148079,2166],{"class":61},[47,148081,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,148083,139],{"class":138},[47,148085,117],{"class":61},[47,148087,146535],{"class":138},[47,148089,1258],{"class":61},[47,148091,2837],{"class":106},[47,148093,117],{"class":61},[47,148095,1995],{"class":113},[47,148097,4313],{"class":61},[47,148099,1108],{"class":1107},[47,148101,4524],{"class":113},[47,148103,1114],{"class":1107},[47,148105,4529],{"class":113},[47,148107,3649],{"class":61},[20,148109,136431],{},[174,148111,148112,148118,148124,148129],{},[177,148113,148114,148117],{},[15,148115,148116],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[177,148119,148120,148123],{},[15,148121,148122],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[177,148125,148126,136453],{},[15,148127,148128],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[177,148130,148131,148134],{},[15,148132,148133],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[33,148136,2429],{"id":2428},[244,148138,5785,148140,5788],{"id":148139},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148141,146412],{},[20,148143,148144],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[244,148146,5813,148148,148150],{"id":148147},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148149,146412],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148152,30676,148153,3530,148156,148159],{},[15,148154,148155],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148157,148158],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[244,148161,5813,148163,148165],{"id":148162},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148164,146412],{}," work with floats?",[20,148167,148168],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[244,148170,148172,148173,3143],{"id":148171},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148174,146412],{},[20,148176,148177,148178,148180],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148179,36483],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[244,148182,5801,148184,119816,148186,3143],{"id":148183},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148185,146412],{},[15,148187,3655],{},[20,148189,148190],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[33,148192,2526],{"id":2525},[174,148194,148195,148199,148205,148211,148217,148221,148225],{},[177,148196,148197],{},[210,148198,146895],{"href":3070},[177,148200,148201],{},[210,148202,4226,148203,4159],{"href":36606},[15,148204,36609],{},[177,148206,148207],{},[210,148208,4226,148209,4159],{"href":42773},[15,148210,42776],{},[177,148212,148213],{},[210,148214,4226,148215,4159],{"href":42590},[15,148216,48101],{},[177,148218,148219],{},[210,148220,5865],{"href":40422},[177,148222,148223],{},[210,148224,4176],{"href":3613},[177,148226,148227],{},[210,148228,147806],{"href":135698},[2563,148230,148231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":148233},[148234,148235,148237,148238,148239,148241,148249,148255,148262,148268,148269,148281],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":146491,"depth":98,"text":148236},"What sum() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":146669,"depth":98,"text":148240},"Using the start value",{"id":146771,"depth":98,"text":148242,"children":148243},"What sum() can work with",[148244,148245,148246,148248],{"id":40838,"depth":135,"text":40839},{"id":52465,"depth":135,"text":146837},{"id":146898,"depth":135,"text":148247},"Values from range()",{"id":146946,"depth":135,"text":146947},{"id":147020,"depth":98,"text":148250,"children":148251},"What sum() does not work with",[148252,148253,148254],{"id":147031,"depth":135,"text":147032},{"id":147148,"depth":135,"text":147149},{"id":147206,"depth":135,"text":147207},{"id":41918,"depth":98,"text":41919,"children":148256},[148257,148258,148259,148260],{"id":7167,"depth":135,"text":7168},{"id":147342,"depth":135,"text":147343},{"id":147490,"depth":135,"text":147491},{"id":147627,"depth":135,"text":148261},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147809,"depth":98,"text":148263,"children":148264},"sum() vs manual loop",[148265,148267],{"id":147820,"depth":135,"text":148266},"Using sum()",{"id":147874,"depth":135,"text":147875},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":148270},[148271,148273,148275,148277,148279],{"id":148139,"depth":135,"text":148272},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148147,"depth":135,"text":148274},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148162,"depth":135,"text":148276},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148171,"depth":135,"text":148278},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148183,"depth":135,"text":148280},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146404,"description":148282},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148289,"title":148290,"body":148291,"description":149693,"extension":2611,"meta":149694,"navigation":357,"path":149695,"seo":149696,"stem":149697,"__hash__":149698},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148292,"toc":149661},[148293,148299,148305,148308,148371,148377,148382,148386,148403,148417,148421,148441,148455,148457,148550,148552,148566,148568,148571,148660,148662,148670,148679,148681,148685,148706,148708,148800,148802,148823,148825,148829,148843,148845,148919,148921,148940,148944,148947,148970,148972,149083,149090,149098,149100,149106,149109,149152,149155,149178,149186,149190,149265,149271,149296,149303,149306,149309,149313,149318,149406,149414,149418,149421,149446,149450,149511,149515,149564,149574,149576,149581,149584,149590,149593,149597,149601,149607,149610,149618,149626,149628,149658],[10,148294,148296,148297,18],{"id":148295},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148298,57711],{},[20,148300,148301,148304],{},[15,148302,148303],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148306,148307],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[38,148309,148311],{"className":40,"code":148310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148312,148313,148341,148359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148314,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148316,4270],{"class":53},[47,148318,58],{"class":57},[47,148320,9878],{"class":61},[47,148322,917],{"class":349},[47,148324,75],{"class":61},[47,148326,2409],{"class":349},[47,148328,75],{"class":61},[47,148330,2409],{"class":349},[47,148332,75],{"class":61},[47,148334,2414],{"class":349},[47,148336,75],{"class":61},[47,148338,2409],{"class":349},[47,148340,132],{"class":61},[47,148342,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,148344,2879],{"class":53},[47,148346,58],{"class":57},[47,148348,4905],{"class":53},[47,148350,110],{"class":61},[47,148352,41674],{"class":113},[47,148354,117],{"class":61},[47,148356,2705],{"class":349},[47,148358,132],{"class":61},[47,148360,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,148362,139],{"class":138},[47,148364,117],{"class":61},[47,148366,2914],{"class":113},[47,148368,4313],{"class":61},[47,148370,51189],{"class":152},[20,148372,156,148373,148376],{},[15,148374,148375],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[33,148378,164,148380,167],{"id":148379},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148381,148303],{},[20,148383,148384,172],{},[15,148385,148375],{},[174,148387,148388,148394,148397,148400],{},[177,148389,148390,148391,148393],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148392,259],{}," appears in the tuple",[177,148395,148396],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[177,148398,148399],{},"Returns an integer",[177,148401,148402],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148404,148405,148406,148408,148409,3530,148413,110],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148407,57711],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[210,148410,148412],{"href":148411},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[210,148414,148416],{"href":148415},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[33,148418,148420],{"id":148419},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[38,148422,148424],{"className":40,"code":148423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148425,148426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148427,148428,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148429,148430],{"class":53},"my_tuple",[47,148432,110],{"class":61},[47,148434,41674],{"class":113},[47,148436,117],{"class":61},[47,148438,259],{"class":113},[47,148440,132],{"class":61},[174,148442,148443,148447,148450],{},[177,148444,148445,57876],{},[15,148446,259],{},[177,148448,148449],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[177,148451,148452,148453],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148454,436],{},[244,148456,103531],{"id":103530},[38,148458,148460],{"className":40,"code":148459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148461,148462,148502,148526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148463,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148465,332],{"class":53},[47,148467,58],{"class":57},[47,148469,9878],{"class":61},[47,148471,66],{"class":65},[47,148473,305],{"class":69},[47,148475,66],{"class":65},[47,148477,75],{"class":61},[47,148479,78],{"class":65},[47,148481,323],{"class":69},[47,148483,66],{"class":65},[47,148485,75],{"class":61},[47,148487,78],{"class":65},[47,148489,305],{"class":69},[47,148491,66],{"class":65},[47,148493,75],{"class":61},[47,148495,78],{"class":65},[47,148497,314],{"class":69},[47,148499,66],{"class":65},[47,148501,132],{"class":61},[47,148503,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,148505,139],{"class":138},[47,148507,117],{"class":61},[47,148509,367],{"class":113},[47,148511,110],{"class":61},[47,148513,41674],{"class":113},[47,148515,117],{"class":61},[47,148517,66],{"class":65},[47,148519,305],{"class":69},[47,148521,66],{"class":65},[47,148523,6006],{"class":61},[47,148525,58066],{"class":152},[47,148527,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,148529,139],{"class":138},[47,148531,117],{"class":61},[47,148533,367],{"class":113},[47,148535,110],{"class":61},[47,148537,41674],{"class":113},[47,148539,117],{"class":61},[47,148541,66],{"class":65},[47,148543,22926],{"class":69},[47,148545,66],{"class":65},[47,148547,6006],{"class":61},[47,148549,51666],{"class":152},[20,148551,20358],{},[174,148553,148554,148559],{},[177,148555,148556,148558],{},[15,148557,65815],{}," appears 2 times",[177,148560,148561,148563,148564],{},[15,148562,110227],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148565,436],{},[33,148567,12109],{"id":12108},[20,148569,148570],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[38,148572,148574],{"className":40,"code":148573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148575,148576,148624,148628,148650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148577,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148579,36650],{"class":53},[47,148581,58],{"class":57},[47,148583,9878],{"class":61},[47,148585,66],{"class":65},[47,148587,4720],{"class":69},[47,148589,66],{"class":65},[47,148591,75],{"class":61},[47,148593,78],{"class":65},[47,148595,4729],{"class":69},[47,148597,66],{"class":65},[47,148599,75],{"class":61},[47,148601,78],{"class":65},[47,148603,4720],{"class":69},[47,148605,66],{"class":65},[47,148607,75],{"class":61},[47,148609,78],{"class":65},[47,148611,33628],{"class":69},[47,148613,66],{"class":65},[47,148615,75],{"class":61},[47,148617,78],{"class":65},[47,148619,4720],{"class":69},[47,148621,66],{"class":65},[47,148623,132],{"class":61},[47,148625,148626],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,148627,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,148629,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,148631,2879],{"class":53},[47,148633,58],{"class":57},[47,148635,53271],{"class":53},[47,148637,110],{"class":61},[47,148639,41674],{"class":113},[47,148641,117],{"class":61},[47,148643,66],{"class":65},[47,148645,4720],{"class":69},[47,148647,66],{"class":65},[47,148649,132],{"class":61},[47,148651,148652,148654,148656,148658],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,148653,139],{"class":138},[47,148655,117],{"class":61},[47,148657,2914],{"class":113},[47,148659,132],{"class":61},[20,148661,372],{},[38,148663,148664],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,148665,148666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148667,148668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148669,47034],{"class":349},[20,148671,148672,148674,148675,3048,148677,110],{},[15,148673,58254],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148676,57711],{},[15,148678,2711],{},[33,148680,38433],{"id":38432},[20,148682,57965,148683,129166],{},[15,148684,57711],{},[174,148686,148687,148692,148697,148700],{},[177,148688,12057,148689,148691],{},[15,148690,436],{}," when the value does not exist",[177,148693,12057,148694,148696],{},[15,148695,917],{}," when the value appears once",[177,148698,148699],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[177,148701,148702,148703,148705],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148704,7642],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148707,603],{},[38,148709,148711],{"className":40,"code":148710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148712,148713,148754,148758,148785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148714,148715,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148716,148717],{"class":53},"answers ",[47,148719,58],{"class":57},[47,148721,9878],{"class":61},[47,148723,66],{"class":65},[47,148725,9303],{"class":69},[47,148727,66],{"class":65},[47,148729,75],{"class":61},[47,148731,78],{"class":65},[47,148733,9242],{"class":69},[47,148735,66],{"class":65},[47,148737,75],{"class":61},[47,148739,78],{"class":65},[47,148741,9303],{"class":69},[47,148743,66],{"class":65},[47,148745,75],{"class":61},[47,148747,78],{"class":65},[47,148749,9303],{"class":69},[47,148751,66],{"class":65},[47,148753,132],{"class":61},[47,148755,148756],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,148757,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,148759,148760,148762,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,148761,7642],{"class":1107},[47,148763,148764],{"class":53}," answers",[47,148766,110],{"class":61},[47,148768,41674],{"class":113},[47,148770,117],{"class":61},[47,148772,66],{"class":65},[47,148774,9303],{"class":69},[47,148776,66],{"class":65},[47,148778,4313],{"class":61},[47,148780,38809],{"class":57},[47,148782,2002],{"class":349},[47,148784,7038],{"class":61},[47,148786,148787,148789,148791,148793,148796,148798],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,148788,8715],{"class":138},[47,148790,117],{"class":61},[47,148792,66],{"class":65},[47,148794,148795],{"class":69},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[47,148797,66],{"class":65},[47,148799,132],{"class":61},[20,148801,372],{},[38,148803,148805],{"className":40,"code":148804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148806,148807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148808,148809,148812,148814,148816,148818,148821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148810,148811],{"class":53},"The answer ",[47,148813,385],{"class":65},[47,148815,9303],{"class":69},[47,148817,385],{"class":65},[47,148819,148820],{"class":53}," appears more than once",[47,148822,122810],{"class":61},[33,148824,41460],{"id":41459},[20,148826,35815,148827,104994],{},[15,148828,148303],{},[174,148830,148831,148834,148837,148840],{},[177,148832,148833],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[177,148835,148836],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[177,148838,148839],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[177,148841,148842],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148844,603],{},[38,148846,148848],{"className":40,"code":148847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148849,148850,148878,148882,148904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148851,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148853,1311],{"class":53},[47,148855,58],{"class":57},[47,148857,9878],{"class":61},[47,148859,2981],{"class":349},[47,148861,75],{"class":61},[47,148863,8436],{"class":349},[47,148865,75],{"class":61},[47,148867,6648],{"class":349},[47,148869,75],{"class":61},[47,148871,8441],{"class":349},[47,148873,75],{"class":61},[47,148875,6648],{"class":349},[47,148877,132],{"class":61},[47,148879,148880],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,148881,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,148883,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148902],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,148885,7642],{"class":1107},[47,148887,5753],{"class":53},[47,148889,110],{"class":61},[47,148891,41674],{"class":113},[47,148893,117],{"class":61},[47,148895,2981],{"class":349},[47,148897,4313],{"class":61},[47,148899,51707],{"class":57},[47,148901,2409],{"class":349},[47,148903,7038],{"class":61},[47,148905,148906,148908,148910,148912,148915,148917],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,148907,8715],{"class":138},[47,148909,117],{"class":61},[47,148911,66],{"class":65},[47,148913,148914],{"class":69},"The score 10 is repeated.",[47,148916,66],{"class":65},[47,148918,132],{"class":61},[20,148920,372],{},[38,148922,148924],{"className":40,"code":148923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148925,148926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148927,148928,148931,148933,148935,148938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148929,148930],{"class":53},"The score ",[47,148932,2981],{"class":349},[47,148934,8742],{"class":57},[47,148936,148937],{"class":53}," repeated",[47,148939,122810],{"class":61},[33,148941,148943],{"id":148942},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148945,148946],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[174,148948,148949,148955,148960,148963],{},[177,148950,148951,148952,148954],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148953,57711],{}," still works because it only reads data",[177,148956,148957,148959],{},[15,148958,57711],{}," counts exact matches",[177,148961,148962],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[177,148964,148965,5036,148967,148969],{},[15,148966,917],{},[15,148968,42573],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148971,603],{},[38,148973,148975],{"className":40,"code":148974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148976,148977,149011,149015,149035,149059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148978,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148992,148994,148996,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148980,4470],{"class":53},[47,148982,58],{"class":57},[47,148984,9878],{"class":61},[47,148986,917],{"class":349},[47,148988,75],{"class":61},[47,148990,148991],{"class":349}," 1.0",[47,148993,75],{"class":61},[47,148995,78],{"class":65},[47,148997,148998],{"class":69},"Cat",[47,149000,66],{"class":65},[47,149002,75],{"class":61},[47,149004,78],{"class":65},[47,149006,37459],{"class":69},[47,149008,66],{"class":65},[47,149010,132],{"class":61},[47,149012,149013],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149014,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,149016,149017,149019,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,149018,139],{"class":138},[47,149020,117],{"class":61},[47,149022,6003],{"class":113},[47,149024,110],{"class":61},[47,149026,41674],{"class":113},[47,149028,117],{"class":61},[47,149030,917],{"class":349},[47,149032,6006],{"class":61},[47,149034,51513],{"class":152},[47,149036,149037,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,149038,139],{"class":138},[47,149040,117],{"class":61},[47,149042,6003],{"class":113},[47,149044,110],{"class":61},[47,149046,41674],{"class":113},[47,149048,117],{"class":61},[47,149050,66],{"class":65},[47,149052,148998],{"class":69},[47,149054,66],{"class":65},[47,149056,6006],{"class":61},[47,149058,28184],{"class":152},[47,149060,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,149062,139],{"class":138},[47,149064,117],{"class":61},[47,149066,6003],{"class":113},[47,149068,110],{"class":61},[47,149070,41674],{"class":113},[47,149072,117],{"class":61},[47,149074,66],{"class":65},[47,149076,37459],{"class":69},[47,149078,66],{"class":65},[47,149080,6006],{"class":61},[47,149082,28184],{"class":152},[20,149084,5801,149085,5804,149088,3143],{},[15,149086,149087],{},"values.count(1)",[15,149089,2705],{},[20,149091,9431,149092,5427,149095,149097],{},[15,149093,149094],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,149096,4255],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[33,149099,1641],{"id":1640},[244,149101,453,149103,149105],{"id":149102},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,149104,41674],{}," without parentheses",[20,149107,149108],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[38,149110,149112],{"className":40,"code":149111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,149113,149114,149138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149115,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149117,4270],{"class":53},[47,149119,58],{"class":57},[47,149121,9878],{"class":61},[47,149123,917],{"class":349},[47,149125,75],{"class":61},[47,149127,2409],{"class":349},[47,149129,75],{"class":61},[47,149131,2409],{"class":349},[47,149133,75],{"class":61},[47,149135,2414],{"class":349},[47,149137,132],{"class":61},[47,149139,149140,149142,149144,149146,149148,149150],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149141,139],{"class":138},[47,149143,117],{"class":61},[47,149145,4300],{"class":113},[47,149147,110],{"class":61},[47,149149,41674],{"class":25153},[47,149151,132],{"class":61},[20,149153,149154],{},"To call the method correctly:",[38,149156,149158],{"className":40,"code":149157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149159,149160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149161,149162,149164,149166,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149163,139],{"class":138},[47,149165,117],{"class":61},[47,149167,4300],{"class":113},[47,149169,110],{"class":61},[47,149171,41674],{"class":113},[47,149173,117],{"class":61},[47,149175,2705],{"class":349},[47,149177,2266],{"class":61},[244,149179,1968,149180,9100,149182,3530,149184],{"id":59014},[15,149181,57711],{},[15,149183,4255],{},[15,149185,4326],{},[20,149187,149188,59025],{},[15,149189,57711],{},[38,149191,149193],{"className":40,"code":149192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149194,149195,149227,149249,149253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149196,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149198,36501],{"class":53},[47,149200,58],{"class":57},[47,149202,9878],{"class":61},[47,149204,66],{"class":65},[47,149206,210],{"class":69},[47,149208,66],{"class":65},[47,149210,75],{"class":61},[47,149212,78],{"class":65},[47,149214,854],{"class":69},[47,149216,66],{"class":65},[47,149218,75],{"class":61},[47,149220,78],{"class":65},[47,149222,210],{"class":69},[47,149224,66],{"class":65},[47,149226,132],{"class":61},[47,149228,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149230,2879],{"class":53},[47,149232,58],{"class":57},[47,149234,70519],{"class":53},[47,149236,110],{"class":61},[47,149238,41674],{"class":113},[47,149240,117],{"class":61},[47,149242,66],{"class":65},[47,149244,210],{"class":69},[47,149246,66],{"class":65},[47,149248,132],{"class":61},[47,149250,149251],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,149252,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,149254,149255,149257,149259,149261,149263],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,149256,139],{"class":138},[47,149258,117],{"class":61},[47,149260,2914],{"class":113},[47,149262,4313],{"class":61},[47,149264,51834],{"class":152},[20,149266,149267,149268,149270],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149269,1114],{}," is often simpler:",[38,149272,149274],{"className":40,"code":149273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149275,149276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149277,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149279,139],{"class":138},[47,149281,117],{"class":61},[47,149283,66],{"class":65},[47,149285,210],{"class":69},[47,149287,66],{"class":65},[47,149289,21575],{"class":1107},[47,149291,70519],{"class":113},[47,149293,4313],{"class":61},[47,149295,4316],{"class":152},[244,149297,37616,149299,9350,149301],{"id":149298},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149300,148303],{},[15,149302,57716],{},[20,149304,149305],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149307,149308],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[244,149310,149312],{"id":149311},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149314,149315,149317],{},[15,149316,57711],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[38,149319,149321],{"className":40,"code":149320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149322,149323,149356,149382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149324,149325,149327,149329,149331,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149326,4711],{"class":53},[47,149328,58],{"class":57},[47,149330,9878],{"class":61},[47,149332,66],{"class":65},[47,149334,4720],{"class":69},[47,149336,66],{"class":65},[47,149338,75],{"class":61},[47,149340,78],{"class":65},[47,149342,149343],{"class":69},"pineapple",[47,149345,66],{"class":65},[47,149347,75],{"class":61},[47,149349,78],{"class":65},[47,149351,4720],{"class":69},[47,149353,66],{"class":65},[47,149355,132],{"class":61},[47,149357,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372,149375,149377,149379],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149359,139],{"class":138},[47,149361,117],{"class":61},[47,149363,4755],{"class":113},[47,149365,110],{"class":61},[47,149367,41674],{"class":113},[47,149369,117],{"class":61},[47,149371,66],{"class":65},[47,149373,149374],{"class":69},"app",[47,149376,66],{"class":65},[47,149378,6006],{"class":61},[47,149380,149381],{"class":152},"    # 0\n",[47,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,149385,139],{"class":138},[47,149387,117],{"class":61},[47,149389,4755],{"class":113},[47,149391,110],{"class":61},[47,149393,41674],{"class":113},[47,149395,117],{"class":61},[47,149397,66],{"class":65},[47,149399,4720],{"class":69},[47,149401,66],{"class":65},[47,149403,6006],{"class":61},[47,149405,51834],{"class":152},[20,149407,149408,149411,149412,110],{},[15,149409,149410],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149413,436],{},[33,149415,149417],{"id":149416},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149419,149420],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[174,149422,149423,149428,149437,149443],{},[177,149424,156,149425,149427],{},[15,149426,1114],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[177,149429,156,149430,149436],{},[210,149431,149433,149434],{"href":149432},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149435,59389],{}," to find the position of a value",[177,149438,156,149439,149442],{},[15,149440,149441],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[177,149444,149445],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149447,46457,149448,172],{},[15,149449,1114],{},[38,149451,149453],{"className":40,"code":149452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149454,149455,149475,149479,149495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149456,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149458,4270],{"class":53},[47,149460,58],{"class":57},[47,149462,9878],{"class":61},[47,149464,3156],{"class":349},[47,149466,75],{"class":61},[47,149468,6637],{"class":349},[47,149470,75],{"class":61},[47,149472,54556],{"class":349},[47,149474,132],{"class":61},[47,149476,149477],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149478,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,149480,149481,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491,149493],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,149482,139],{"class":138},[47,149484,117],{"class":61},[47,149486,2673],{"class":349},[47,149488,21575],{"class":1107},[47,149490,4905],{"class":113},[47,149492,4313],{"class":61},[47,149494,44271],{"class":152},[47,149496,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505,149507,149509],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,149498,139],{"class":138},[47,149500,117],{"class":61},[47,149502,2784],{"class":349},[47,149504,21575],{"class":1107},[47,149506,4905],{"class":113},[47,149508,4313],{"class":61},[47,149510,44288],{"class":152},[20,149512,46457,149513,172],{},[15,149514,59389],{},[38,149516,149518],{"className":40,"code":149517,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149519,149520,149544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149521,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149523,4270],{"class":53},[47,149525,58],{"class":57},[47,149527,9878],{"class":61},[47,149529,3156],{"class":349},[47,149531,75],{"class":61},[47,149533,6637],{"class":349},[47,149535,75],{"class":61},[47,149537,54556],{"class":349},[47,149539,75],{"class":61},[47,149541,6637],{"class":349},[47,149543,132],{"class":61},[47,149545,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149547,139],{"class":138},[47,149549,117],{"class":61},[47,149551,4300],{"class":113},[47,149553,110],{"class":61},[47,149555,36256],{"class":113},[47,149557,117],{"class":61},[47,149559,2673],{"class":349},[47,149561,6006],{"class":61},[47,149563,28184],{"class":152},[20,149565,149566,149568,149569,149571,149573],{},[15,149567,57711],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10484,149570],{},[15,149572,59389],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[33,149575,2429],{"id":2428},[244,149577,5785,149579,5788],{"id":149578},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149580,148303],{},[20,149582,149583],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[244,149585,2433,149587,149589],{"id":149586},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149588,148303],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149591,149592],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[244,149594,149596],{"id":149595},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149598,12541,149599,110],{},[15,149600,436],{},[244,149602,5813,149604,149606],{"id":149603},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149605,148303],{}," count strings?",[20,149608,149609],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[244,149611,5823,149613,5036,149615,3143],{"id":149612},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149614,148303],{},[15,149616,149617],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149619,149620,149622,149623,149625],{},[15,149621,57711],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149624,59389],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[33,149627,2526],{"id":2525},[174,149629,149630,149634,149639,149646,149654],{},[177,149631,149632],{},[210,149633,148412],{"href":148411},[177,149635,149636],{},[210,149637,149638],{"href":148415},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[177,149640,149641],{},[210,149642,149643,149644,1637],{"href":149432},"Python tuple ",[15,149645,59389],{},[177,149647,149648],{},[210,149649,149651,149652],{"href":149650},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149653,42776],{},[177,149655,149656],{},[210,149657,59377],{"href":59376},[2563,149659,149660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":149662},[149663,149665,149668,149669,149670,149671,149672,149680,149681,149692],{"id":148379,"depth":98,"text":149664},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148419,"depth":98,"text":148420,"children":149666},[149667],{"id":103530,"depth":135,"text":103531},{"id":12108,"depth":98,"text":12109},{"id":38432,"depth":98,"text":38433},{"id":41459,"depth":98,"text":41460},{"id":148942,"depth":98,"text":148943},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":149673},[149674,149676,149677,149679],{"id":149102,"depth":135,"text":149675},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59014,"depth":135,"text":59430},{"id":149298,"depth":135,"text":149678},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149311,"depth":135,"text":149312},{"id":149416,"depth":98,"text":149417},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":149682},[149683,149685,149687,149688,149690],{"id":149578,"depth":135,"text":149684},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149586,"depth":135,"text":149686},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149595,"depth":135,"text":149596},{"id":149603,"depth":135,"text":149689},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149612,"depth":135,"text":149691},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148290,"description":149693},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149700,"title":149701,"body":149702,"description":151389,"extension":2611,"meta":151390,"navigation":357,"path":151391,"seo":151392,"stem":151393,"__hash__":151394},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149703,"toc":151352},[149704,149707,149710,149719,149721,149851,149853,149914,149920,149922,149942,149946,149949,149952,149987,149989,150010,150013,150052,150054,150079,150086,150090,150093,150130,150132,150155,150158,150161,150173,150179,150183,150186,150192,150233,150235,150258,150261,150302,150304,150331,150333,150350,150352,150369,150372,150376,150379,150381,150415,150417,150464,150468,150507,150511,150514,150571,150573,150614,150620,150626,150631,150633,150670,150672,150692,150694,150727,150729,150762,150765,150769,150802,150804,150829,150832,150834,150848,150855,150857,150860,150864,150867,150902,150905,150940,150944,150947,150986,150989,151028,151032,151034,151064,151067,151074,151076,151108,151111,151143,151146,151177,151179,151196,151200,151203,151267,151269,151273,151280,151284,151287,151291,151294,151298,151301,151306,151312,151314,151349],[10,149705,149701],{"id":149706},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149708,149709],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149711,149712,149713,3530,149717,110],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[210,149714,149716],{"href":149715},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[210,149718,148412],{"href":148411},[33,149720,36],{"id":35},[38,149722,149724],{"className":40,"code":149723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149725,149726,149746,149755,149769,149805,149809,149819,149829,149840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149727,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149729,4270],{"class":53},[47,149731,58],{"class":57},[47,149733,9878],{"class":61},[47,149735,917],{"class":349},[47,149737,75],{"class":61},[47,149739,2409],{"class":349},[47,149741,75],{"class":61},[47,149743,2414],{"class":349},[47,149745,132],{"class":61},[47,149747,149748,149750,149752],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149749,125276],{"class":53},[47,149751,58],{"class":57},[47,149753,149754],{"class":61}," ()\n",[47,149756,149757,149760,149762,149764,149766],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,149758,149759],{"class":53},"one_item ",[47,149761,58],{"class":57},[47,149763,9878],{"class":61},[47,149765,2784],{"class":349},[47,149767,149768],{"class":61},",)\n",[47,149770,149771,149774,149776,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,149772,149773],{"class":53},"from_list ",[47,149775,58],{"class":57},[47,149777,149778],{"class":106}," tuple",[47,149780,1258],{"class":61},[47,149782,66],{"class":65},[47,149784,210],{"class":69},[47,149786,66],{"class":65},[47,149788,75],{"class":61},[47,149790,78],{"class":65},[47,149792,854],{"class":69},[47,149794,66],{"class":65},[47,149796,75],{"class":61},[47,149798,78],{"class":65},[47,149800,863],{"class":69},[47,149802,66],{"class":65},[47,149804,2166],{"class":61},[47,149806,149807],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,149808,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,149810,149811,149813,149815,149817],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,149812,139],{"class":138},[47,149814,117],{"class":61},[47,149816,4300],{"class":113},[47,149818,132],{"class":61},[47,149820,149821,149823,149825,149827],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,149822,139],{"class":138},[47,149824,117],{"class":61},[47,149826,125327],{"class":113},[47,149828,132],{"class":61},[47,149830,149831,149833,149835,149838],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,149832,139],{"class":138},[47,149834,117],{"class":61},[47,149836,149837],{"class":113},"one_item",[47,149839,132],{"class":61},[47,149841,149842,149844,149846,149849],{"class":49,"line":7075},[47,149843,139],{"class":138},[47,149845,117],{"class":61},[47,149847,149848],{"class":113},"from_list",[47,149850,132],{"class":61},[20,149852,372],{},[38,149854,149856],{"className":40,"code":149855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149857,149858,149874,149878,149886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149859,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149861,117],{"class":61},[47,149863,917],{"class":349},[47,149865,75],{"class":61},[47,149867,2409],{"class":349},[47,149869,75],{"class":61},[47,149871,2414],{"class":349},[47,149873,132],{"class":61},[47,149875,149876],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149877,9288],{"class":61},[47,149879,149880,149882,149884],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,149881,117],{"class":61},[47,149883,2784],{"class":349},[47,149885,149768],{"class":61},[47,149887,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,149889,117],{"class":61},[47,149891,385],{"class":65},[47,149893,210],{"class":69},[47,149895,385],{"class":65},[47,149897,75],{"class":61},[47,149899,398],{"class":65},[47,149901,854],{"class":69},[47,149903,385],{"class":65},[47,149905,75],{"class":61},[47,149907,398],{"class":65},[47,149909,863],{"class":69},[47,149911,385],{"class":65},[47,149913,132],{"class":61},[20,149915,149916,149917,110],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149918,149919],{},"(5,)",[33,149921,15773],{"id":15772},[174,149923,149924,149927,149930,149933,149936,149939],{},[177,149925,149926],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[177,149928,149929],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[177,149931,149932],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[177,149934,149935],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[177,149937,149938],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[177,149940,149941],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[33,149943,149945],{"id":149944},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149947,149948],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149950,149951],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[38,149953,149955],{"className":40,"code":149954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149956,149957,149977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149958,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149960,4270],{"class":53},[47,149962,58],{"class":57},[47,149964,9878],{"class":61},[47,149966,917],{"class":349},[47,149968,75],{"class":61},[47,149970,2409],{"class":349},[47,149972,75],{"class":61},[47,149974,2414],{"class":349},[47,149976,132],{"class":61},[47,149978,149979,149981,149983,149985],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,149980,139],{"class":138},[47,149982,117],{"class":61},[47,149984,4300],{"class":113},[47,149986,132],{"class":61},[20,149988,372],{},[38,149990,149992],{"className":40,"code":149991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149993,149994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149995,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149997,117],{"class":61},[47,149999,917],{"class":349},[47,150001,75],{"class":61},[47,150003,2409],{"class":349},[47,150005,75],{"class":61},[47,150007,2414],{"class":349},[47,150009,132],{"class":61},[20,150011,150012],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[38,150014,150016],{"className":40,"code":150015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,150017,150018,150042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150019,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150021,872],{"class":53},[47,150023,58],{"class":57},[47,150025,9878],{"class":61},[47,150027,917],{"class":349},[47,150029,75],{"class":61},[47,150031,78],{"class":65},[47,150033,4720],{"class":69},[47,150035,66],{"class":65},[47,150037,75],{"class":61},[47,150039,1444],{"class":559},[47,150041,132],{"class":61},[47,150043,150044,150046,150048,150050],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150045,139],{"class":138},[47,150047,117],{"class":61},[47,150049,898],{"class":113},[47,150051,132],{"class":61},[20,150053,372],{},[38,150055,150057],{"className":40,"code":150056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,150058,150059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150060,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150062,117],{"class":61},[47,150064,917],{"class":349},[47,150066,75],{"class":61},[47,150068,398],{"class":65},[47,150070,4720],{"class":69},[47,150072,385],{"class":65},[47,150074,75],{"class":61},[47,150076,1444],{"class":559},[47,150078,132],{"class":61},[20,150080,150081,150082,110],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[210,150083,150085],{"href":150084},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[33,150087,150089],{"id":150088},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,150091,150092],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[38,150094,150096],{"className":40,"code":150095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150097,150098,150106,150116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150099,150100,150102,150104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150101,125276],{"class":53},[47,150103,58],{"class":57},[47,150105,149754],{"class":61},[47,150107,150108,150110,150112,150114],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150109,139],{"class":138},[47,150111,117],{"class":61},[47,150113,125327],{"class":113},[47,150115,132],{"class":61},[47,150117,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,150119,139],{"class":138},[47,150121,117],{"class":61},[47,150123,2392],{"class":106},[47,150125,117],{"class":61},[47,150127,125327],{"class":113},[47,150129,2266],{"class":61},[20,150131,372],{},[38,150133,150135],{"className":40,"code":150134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150136,150137,150141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150138,150139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150140,9288],{"class":61},[47,150142,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150144,3941],{"class":57},[47,150146,3944],{"class":2714},[47,150148,398],{"class":65},[47,150150,49371],{"class":69},[47,150152,385],{"class":65},[47,150154,3953],{"class":57},[20,150156,150157],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150159,150160],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[174,150162,150163,150168],{},[177,150164,150165,150166],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150167,8011],{},[177,150169,150170,150171],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150172,805],{},[20,150174,150175,150176,110],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[210,150177,150178],{"href":57574},"Python list: creating a list",[33,150180,150182],{"id":150181},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150184,150185],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150187,150188,150189,150191],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[278,150190,1369],{}," automatically a tuple:",[38,150193,150195],{"className":40,"code":150194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150196,150197,150209,150219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150198,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150200,3098],{"class":53},[47,150202,58],{"class":57},[47,150204,9878],{"class":61},[47,150206,2784],{"class":349},[47,150208,132],{"class":61},[47,150210,150211,150213,150215,150217],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150212,139],{"class":138},[47,150214,117],{"class":61},[47,150216,259],{"class":113},[47,150218,132],{"class":61},[47,150220,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,150222,139],{"class":138},[47,150224,117],{"class":61},[47,150226,2392],{"class":106},[47,150228,117],{"class":61},[47,150230,259],{"class":113},[47,150232,2266],{"class":61},[20,150234,372],{},[38,150236,150238],{"className":40,"code":150237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150239,150240,150244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150241,150242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150243,3598],{"class":349},[47,150245,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150247,3941],{"class":57},[47,150249,3944],{"class":2714},[47,150251,398],{"class":65},[47,150253,2837],{"class":69},[47,150255,385],{"class":65},[47,150257,3953],{"class":57},[20,150259,150260],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[38,150262,150264],{"className":40,"code":150263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150265,150266,150278,150288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150267,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150269,149759],{"class":53},[47,150271,58],{"class":57},[47,150273,9878],{"class":61},[47,150275,2784],{"class":349},[47,150277,149768],{"class":61},[47,150279,150280,150282,150284,150286],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150281,139],{"class":138},[47,150283,117],{"class":61},[47,150285,149837],{"class":113},[47,150287,132],{"class":61},[47,150289,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,150291,139],{"class":138},[47,150293,117],{"class":61},[47,150295,2392],{"class":106},[47,150297,117],{"class":61},[47,150299,149837],{"class":113},[47,150301,2266],{"class":61},[20,150303,372],{},[38,150305,150307],{"className":40,"code":150306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150308,150309,150317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150310,150311,150313,150315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150312,117],{"class":61},[47,150314,2784],{"class":349},[47,150316,149768],{"class":61},[47,150318,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150320,3941],{"class":57},[47,150322,3944],{"class":2714},[47,150324,398],{"class":65},[47,150326,49371],{"class":69},[47,150328,385],{"class":65},[47,150330,3953],{"class":57},[20,150332,17265],{},[38,150334,150336],{"className":40,"code":150335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150337,150338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150339,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150341,117],{"class":61},[47,150343,66],{"class":65},[47,150345,4720],{"class":69},[47,150347,66],{"class":65},[47,150349,149768],{"class":61},[20,150351,17253],{},[38,150353,150355],{"className":40,"code":150354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150356,150357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150358,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150360,117],{"class":61},[47,150362,66],{"class":65},[47,150364,4720],{"class":69},[47,150366,66],{"class":65},[47,150368,132],{"class":61},[20,150370,150371],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[33,150373,150375],{"id":150374},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150377,150378],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[244,150380,56882],{"id":4300},[38,150382,150383],{"className":40,"code":149954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150384,150385,150405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150386,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150388,4270],{"class":53},[47,150390,58],{"class":57},[47,150392,9878],{"class":61},[47,150394,917],{"class":349},[47,150396,75],{"class":61},[47,150398,2409],{"class":349},[47,150400,75],{"class":61},[47,150402,2414],{"class":349},[47,150404,132],{"class":61},[47,150406,150407,150409,150411,150413],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150408,139],{"class":138},[47,150410,117],{"class":61},[47,150412,4300],{"class":113},[47,150414,132],{"class":61},[244,150416,56885],{"id":5953},[38,150418,150420],{"className":40,"code":150419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150421,150422,150454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150423,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150425,332],{"class":53},[47,150427,58],{"class":57},[47,150429,9878],{"class":61},[47,150431,66],{"class":65},[47,150433,305],{"class":69},[47,150435,66],{"class":65},[47,150437,75],{"class":61},[47,150439,78],{"class":65},[47,150441,314],{"class":69},[47,150443,66],{"class":65},[47,150445,75],{"class":61},[47,150447,78],{"class":65},[47,150449,323],{"class":69},[47,150451,66],{"class":65},[47,150453,132],{"class":61},[47,150455,150456,150458,150460,150462],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150457,139],{"class":138},[47,150459,117],{"class":61},[47,150461,367],{"class":113},[47,150463,132],{"class":61},[244,150465,150467],{"id":150466},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[38,150469,150471],{"className":40,"code":150470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150472,150473,150497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150474,150475,150477,150479,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150476,59894],{"class":53},[47,150478,58],{"class":57},[47,150480,9878],{"class":61},[47,150482,917],{"class":349},[47,150484,75],{"class":61},[47,150486,78],{"class":65},[47,150488,4720],{"class":69},[47,150490,66],{"class":65},[47,150492,75],{"class":61},[47,150494,1444],{"class":559},[47,150496,132],{"class":61},[47,150498,150499,150501,150503,150505],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150500,139],{"class":138},[47,150502,117],{"class":61},[47,150504,59947],{"class":113},[47,150506,132],{"class":61},[244,150508,150510],{"id":150509},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150512,150513],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[38,150515,150517],{"className":40,"code":150516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150518,150519,150560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150520,150521,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150522,150523],{"class":53},"nested ",[47,150525,58],{"class":57},[47,150527,9878],{"class":61},[47,150529,917],{"class":349},[47,150531,75],{"class":61},[47,150533,9878],{"class":61},[47,150535,66],{"class":65},[47,150537,210],{"class":69},[47,150539,66],{"class":65},[47,150541,75],{"class":61},[47,150543,78],{"class":65},[47,150545,854],{"class":69},[47,150547,66],{"class":65},[47,150549,9875],{"class":61},[47,150551,62],{"class":61},[47,150553,2981],{"class":349},[47,150555,75],{"class":61},[47,150557,8436],{"class":349},[47,150559,2166],{"class":61},[47,150561,150562,150564,150566,150569],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150563,139],{"class":138},[47,150565,117],{"class":61},[47,150567,150568],{"class":113},"nested",[47,150570,132],{"class":61},[20,150572,372],{},[38,150574,150576],{"className":40,"code":150575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150577,150578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150579,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150581,117],{"class":61},[47,150583,917],{"class":349},[47,150585,75],{"class":61},[47,150587,9878],{"class":61},[47,150589,385],{"class":65},[47,150591,210],{"class":69},[47,150593,385],{"class":65},[47,150595,75],{"class":61},[47,150597,398],{"class":65},[47,150599,854],{"class":69},[47,150601,385],{"class":65},[47,150603,9875],{"class":61},[47,150605,62],{"class":61},[47,150607,2981],{"class":349},[47,150609,75],{"class":61},[47,150611,8436],{"class":349},[47,150613,2166],{"class":61},[33,150615,150617,150618],{"id":150616},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150619,38459],{},[20,150621,150622,150623,150625],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150624,38459],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150627,150628,150629,110],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[210,150630,63640],{"href":63639},[244,150632,105671],{"id":105670},[38,150634,150636],{"className":40,"code":150635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150637,150638,150660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150639,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150641,4270],{"class":53},[47,150643,58],{"class":57},[47,150645,149778],{"class":106},[47,150647,1258],{"class":61},[47,150649,917],{"class":349},[47,150651,75],{"class":61},[47,150653,2409],{"class":349},[47,150655,75],{"class":61},[47,150657,2414],{"class":349},[47,150659,2166],{"class":61},[47,150661,150662,150664,150666,150668],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150663,139],{"class":138},[47,150665,117],{"class":61},[47,150667,4300],{"class":113},[47,150669,132],{"class":61},[20,150671,372],{},[38,150673,150674],{"className":40,"code":149991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150675,150676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150677,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150679,117],{"class":61},[47,150681,917],{"class":349},[47,150683,75],{"class":61},[47,150685,2409],{"class":349},[47,150687,75],{"class":61},[47,150689,2414],{"class":349},[47,150691,132],{"class":61},[244,150693,105857],{"id":105856},[38,150695,150697],{"className":40,"code":150696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150698,150699,150717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150700,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150702,36501],{"class":53},[47,150704,58],{"class":57},[47,150706,149778],{"class":106},[47,150708,117],{"class":61},[47,150710,66],{"class":65},[47,150712,41975],{"class":69},[47,150714,66],{"class":65},[47,150716,132],{"class":61},[47,150718,150719,150721,150723,150725],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150720,139],{"class":138},[47,150722,117],{"class":61},[47,150724,36554],{"class":113},[47,150726,132],{"class":61},[20,150728,372],{},[38,150730,150732],{"className":40,"code":150731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150733,150734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150735,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150737,117],{"class":61},[47,150739,385],{"class":65},[47,150741,210],{"class":69},[47,150743,385],{"class":65},[47,150745,75],{"class":61},[47,150747,398],{"class":65},[47,150749,854],{"class":69},[47,150751,385],{"class":65},[47,150753,75],{"class":61},[47,150755,398],{"class":65},[47,150757,863],{"class":69},[47,150759,385],{"class":65},[47,150761,132],{"class":61},[20,150763,150764],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[244,150766,150768],{"id":150767},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[38,150770,150772],{"className":40,"code":150771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150773,150774,150792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150775,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150777,4470],{"class":53},[47,150779,58],{"class":57},[47,150781,149778],{"class":106},[47,150783,117],{"class":61},[47,150785,60420],{"class":138},[47,150787,117],{"class":61},[47,150789,3156],{"class":349},[47,150791,2266],{"class":61},[47,150793,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150795,139],{"class":138},[47,150797,117],{"class":61},[47,150799,6003],{"class":113},[47,150801,132],{"class":61},[20,150803,372],{},[38,150805,150807],{"className":40,"code":150806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150808,150809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150810,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150812,117],{"class":61},[47,150814,436],{"class":349},[47,150816,75],{"class":61},[47,150818,2002],{"class":349},[47,150820,75],{"class":61},[47,150822,2409],{"class":349},[47,150824,75],{"class":61},[47,150826,2414],{"class":349},[47,150828,132],{"class":61},[20,150830,150831],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[33,150833,21202],{"id":21201},[174,150835,150836,150839,150842,150845],{},[177,150837,150838],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[177,150840,150841],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[177,150843,150844],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[177,150846,150847],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150849,150850,150851,110],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[210,150852,150854],{"href":150853},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[33,150856,1641],{"id":1640},[20,150858,150859],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[244,150861,150863],{"id":150862},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150865,150866],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[38,150868,150870],{"className":40,"code":150869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150871,150872,150888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150873,150874,150876,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150875,28943],{"class":53},[47,150877,58],{"class":57},[47,150879,9878],{"class":61},[47,150881,66],{"class":65},[47,150883,4720],{"class":69},[47,150885,66],{"class":65},[47,150887,132],{"class":61},[47,150889,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150891,139],{"class":138},[47,150893,117],{"class":61},[47,150895,2392],{"class":106},[47,150897,117],{"class":61},[47,150899,23713],{"class":113},[47,150901,2266],{"class":61},[20,150903,150904],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[38,150906,150908],{"className":40,"code":150907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150909,150910,150926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150911,150912,150914,150916,150918,150920,150922,150924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150913,28943],{"class":53},[47,150915,58],{"class":57},[47,150917,9878],{"class":61},[47,150919,66],{"class":65},[47,150921,4720],{"class":69},[47,150923,66],{"class":65},[47,150925,149768],{"class":61},[47,150927,150928,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150929,139],{"class":138},[47,150931,117],{"class":61},[47,150933,2392],{"class":106},[47,150935,117],{"class":61},[47,150937,23713],{"class":113},[47,150939,2266],{"class":61},[244,150941,150943],{"id":150942},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150945,150946],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[38,150948,150950],{"className":40,"code":150949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150951,150952,150972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150953,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150955,4470],{"class":53},[47,150957,58],{"class":57},[47,150959,62],{"class":61},[47,150961,917],{"class":349},[47,150963,75],{"class":61},[47,150965,2409],{"class":349},[47,150967,75],{"class":61},[47,150969,2414],{"class":349},[47,150971,95],{"class":61},[47,150973,150974,150976,150978,150980,150982,150984],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,150975,139],{"class":138},[47,150977,117],{"class":61},[47,150979,2392],{"class":106},[47,150981,117],{"class":61},[47,150983,6003],{"class":113},[47,150985,2266],{"class":61},[20,150987,150988],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[38,150990,150992],{"className":40,"code":150991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150993,150994,151014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150995,150996,150998,151000,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010,151012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150997,4470],{"class":53},[47,150999,58],{"class":57},[47,151001,9878],{"class":61},[47,151003,917],{"class":349},[47,151005,75],{"class":61},[47,151007,2409],{"class":349},[47,151009,75],{"class":61},[47,151011,2414],{"class":349},[47,151013,132],{"class":61},[47,151015,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151017,139],{"class":138},[47,151019,117],{"class":61},[47,151021,2392],{"class":106},[47,151023,117],{"class":61},[47,151025,6003],{"class":113},[47,151027,2266],{"class":61},[244,151029,151031],{"id":151030},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,151033,150844],{},[38,151035,151037],{"className":40,"code":151036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,151038,151039,151059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151040,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151042,4270],{"class":53},[47,151044,58],{"class":57},[47,151046,9878],{"class":61},[47,151048,917],{"class":349},[47,151050,75],{"class":61},[47,151052,2409],{"class":349},[47,151054,75],{"class":61},[47,151056,2414],{"class":349},[47,151058,132],{"class":61},[47,151060,151061],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151062,151063],{"class":152},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,151065,151066],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[244,151068,37616,151070,151073],{"id":151069},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,151071,151072],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,151075,65066],{},[38,151077,151078],{"className":40,"code":150696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151079,151080,151098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151083,36501],{"class":53},[47,151085,58],{"class":57},[47,151087,149778],{"class":106},[47,151089,117],{"class":61},[47,151091,66],{"class":65},[47,151093,41975],{"class":69},[47,151095,66],{"class":65},[47,151097,132],{"class":61},[47,151099,151100,151102,151104,151106],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151101,139],{"class":138},[47,151103,117],{"class":61},[47,151105,36554],{"class":113},[47,151107,132],{"class":61},[20,151109,151110],{},"gives:",[38,151112,151113],{"className":40,"code":150731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151114,151115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151116,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139,151141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151118,117],{"class":61},[47,151120,385],{"class":65},[47,151122,210],{"class":69},[47,151124,385],{"class":65},[47,151126,75],{"class":61},[47,151128,398],{"class":65},[47,151130,854],{"class":69},[47,151132,385],{"class":65},[47,151134,75],{"class":61},[47,151136,398],{"class":65},[47,151138,863],{"class":69},[47,151140,385],{"class":65},[47,151142,132],{"class":61},[20,151144,151145],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[38,151147,151149],{"className":40,"code":151148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151150,151151,151167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151152,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151154,6798],{"class":53},[47,151156,58],{"class":57},[47,151158,9878],{"class":61},[47,151160,66],{"class":65},[47,151162,41975],{"class":69},[47,151164,66],{"class":65},[47,151166,149768],{"class":61},[47,151168,151169,151171,151173,151175],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151170,139],{"class":138},[47,151172,117],{"class":61},[47,151174,38804],{"class":113},[47,151176,132],{"class":61},[20,151178,372],{},[38,151180,151182],{"className":40,"code":151181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('abc',)\n",[15,151183,151184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151185,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151187,117],{"class":61},[47,151189,385],{"class":65},[47,151191,41975],{"class":69},[47,151193,385],{"class":65},[47,151195,149768],{"class":61},[244,151197,151199],{"id":151198},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151201,151202],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[38,151204,151206],{"className":40,"code":151205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151207,151208,151225,151229,151239,151253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151209,151210,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151211,151212],{"class":53},"my_tuple ",[47,151214,58],{"class":57},[47,151216,9878],{"class":61},[47,151218,66],{"class":65},[47,151220,4720],{"class":69},[47,151222,66],{"class":65},[47,151224,149768],{"class":61},[47,151226,151227],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151228,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,151230,151231,151233,151235,151237],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,151232,139],{"class":138},[47,151234,117],{"class":61},[47,151236,148430],{"class":113},[47,151238,132],{"class":61},[47,151240,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,151242,139],{"class":138},[47,151244,117],{"class":61},[47,151246,2392],{"class":106},[47,151248,117],{"class":61},[47,151250,148430],{"class":113},[47,151252,2266],{"class":61},[47,151254,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,151256,139],{"class":138},[47,151258,117],{"class":61},[47,151260,11798],{"class":138},[47,151262,117],{"class":61},[47,151264,148430],{"class":113},[47,151266,2266],{"class":61},[33,151268,2429],{"id":2428},[244,151270,151272],{"id":151271},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151274,151275,151276,151279],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151277,151278],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[244,151281,151283],{"id":151282},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151285,151286],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[244,151288,151290],{"id":151289},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151292,151293],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[244,151295,151297],{"id":151296},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151299,151300],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[244,151302,5785,151304,13344],{"id":151303},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151305,151072],{},[20,151307,5791,151308,151311],{},[15,151309,151310],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[33,151313,2526],{"id":2525},[174,151315,151316,151320,151324,151330,151335,151340,151344],{},[177,151317,151318],{},[210,151319,148412],{"href":148411},[177,151321,151322],{},[210,151323,150085],{"href":150084},[177,151325,151326],{},[210,151327,151329],{"href":151328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[177,151331,151332],{},[210,151333,151334],{"href":149650},"Python tuple length with len()",[177,151336,151337],{},[210,151338,151339],{"href":149715},"What is a tuple in Python?",[177,151341,151342],{},[210,151343,63640],{"href":63639},[177,151345,151346],{},[210,151347,151348],{"href":150853},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2563,151350,151351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":151353},[151354,151355,151356,151357,151358,151359,151365,151371,151372,151380,151388],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":15772,"depth":98,"text":15773},{"id":149944,"depth":98,"text":149945},{"id":150088,"depth":98,"text":150089},{"id":150181,"depth":98,"text":150182},{"id":150374,"depth":98,"text":150375,"children":151360},[151361,151362,151363,151364],{"id":4300,"depth":135,"text":56882},{"id":5953,"depth":135,"text":56885},{"id":150466,"depth":135,"text":150467},{"id":150509,"depth":135,"text":150510},{"id":150616,"depth":98,"text":151366,"children":151367},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151368,151369,151370],{"id":105670,"depth":135,"text":105671},{"id":105856,"depth":135,"text":105857},{"id":150767,"depth":135,"text":150768},{"id":21201,"depth":98,"text":21202},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":151373},[151374,151375,151376,151377,151379],{"id":150862,"depth":135,"text":150863},{"id":150942,"depth":135,"text":150943},{"id":151030,"depth":135,"text":151031},{"id":151069,"depth":135,"text":151378},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151198,"depth":135,"text":151199},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":151381},[151382,151383,151384,151385,151386],{"id":151271,"depth":135,"text":151272},{"id":151282,"depth":135,"text":151283},{"id":151289,"depth":135,"text":151290},{"id":151296,"depth":135,"text":151297},{"id":151303,"depth":135,"text":151387},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149701,"description":151389},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151396,"title":151397,"body":151398,"description":152943,"extension":2611,"meta":152944,"navigation":357,"path":152945,"seo":152946,"stem":152947,"__hash__":152948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151399,"toc":152913},[151400,151403,151408,151410,151423,151429,151431,151498,151500,151535,151540,151544,151548,151550,151561,151569,151571,151573,151594,151596,151616,151619,151621,151626,151669,151671,151693,151696,151709,151713,151717,151720,151773,151775,151796,151801,151805,151808,151853,151855,151888,151900,151904,151912,151949,151951,151980,151984,151987,152040,152042,152062,152069,152073,152078,152147,152149,152174,152178,152181,152187,152264,152266,152325,152327,152339,152344,152348,152352,152366,152368,152403,152405,152422,152425,152438,152442,152446,152457,152462,152477,152480,152483,152485,152488,152492,152494,152508,152510,152534,152539,152543,152546,152565,152568,152617,152622,152639,152642,152675,152679,152681,152732,152735,152760,152763,152786,152790,152796,152798,152833,152836,152841,152843,152847,152850,152854,152859,152863,152866,152870,152873,152877,152882,152884,152910],[10,151401,151397],{"id":151402},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151404,9768,151405,151407],{},[15,151406,38459],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151409,83012],{},[174,151411,151412,151417],{},[177,151413,151414,151416],{},[15,151415,38459],{}," creates an empty tuple",[177,151418,151419,151422],{},[15,151420,151421],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151424,151425,151426,151428],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151427,38459],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[33,151430,36],{"id":35},[38,151432,151434],{"className":40,"code":151433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151435,151436,151456,151470,151474,151484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151437,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151439,4270],{"class":53},[47,151441,58],{"class":57},[47,151443,62],{"class":61},[47,151445,917],{"class":349},[47,151447,75],{"class":61},[47,151449,2409],{"class":349},[47,151451,75],{"class":61},[47,151453,2414],{"class":349},[47,151455,95],{"class":61},[47,151457,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151459,2879],{"class":53},[47,151461,58],{"class":57},[47,151463,149778],{"class":106},[47,151465,117],{"class":61},[47,151467,4300],{"class":113},[47,151469,132],{"class":61},[47,151471,151472],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,151473,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,151475,151476,151478,151480,151482],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,151477,139],{"class":138},[47,151479,117],{"class":61},[47,151481,2914],{"class":113},[47,151483,132],{"class":61},[47,151485,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,151487,139],{"class":138},[47,151489,117],{"class":61},[47,151491,2392],{"class":106},[47,151493,117],{"class":61},[47,151495,2914],{"class":113},[47,151497,2266],{"class":61},[20,151499,372],{},[38,151501,151503],{"className":40,"code":151502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151504,151505,151521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151506,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151508,117],{"class":61},[47,151510,917],{"class":349},[47,151512,75],{"class":61},[47,151514,2409],{"class":349},[47,151516,75],{"class":61},[47,151518,2414],{"class":349},[47,151520,132],{"class":61},[47,151522,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151524,3941],{"class":57},[47,151526,3944],{"class":2714},[47,151528,398],{"class":65},[47,151530,49371],{"class":69},[47,151532,385],{"class":65},[47,151534,3953],{"class":57},[20,151536,156,151537,151539],{},[15,151538,151421],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[33,151541,151543],{"id":151542},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151545,151546,63348],{},[15,151547,38459],{},[20,151549,49345],{},[174,151551,151552,151555,151558],{},[177,151553,151554],{},"creates a tuple object",[177,151556,151557],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[177,151559,151560],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151562,151563,151564,151566,151567,110],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[210,151565,149716],{"href":149715}," or the full guide to ",[210,151568,148412],{"href":148411},[33,151570,2806],{"id":2805},[20,151572,26891],{},[38,151574,151576],{"className":40,"code":151575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151577,151578,151584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151579,151580,151582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151581,49371],{"class":106},[47,151583,9288],{"class":61},[47,151585,151586,151588,151590,151592],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151587,49371],{"class":106},[47,151589,117],{"class":61},[47,151591,235],{"class":113},[47,151593,132],{"class":61},[20,151595,12092],{},[174,151597,151598,151601],{},[177,151599,151600],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[177,151602,151603,151604],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[174,151605,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{},[177,151607,5944],{},[177,151609,5953],{},[177,151611,63419],{},[177,151613,5950],{},[177,151615,7896],{},[20,151617,151618],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[33,151620,150089],{"id":150088},[20,151622,30055,151623,151625],{},[15,151624,38459],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[38,151627,151629],{"className":40,"code":151628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151630,151631,151641,151645,151655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151632,151633,151635,151637,151639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151634,125276],{"class":53},[47,151636,58],{"class":57},[47,151638,149778],{"class":106},[47,151640,9288],{"class":61},[47,151642,151643],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151644,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,151646,151647,151649,151651,151653],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,151648,139],{"class":138},[47,151650,117],{"class":61},[47,151652,125327],{"class":113},[47,151654,132],{"class":61},[47,151656,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,151658,139],{"class":138},[47,151660,117],{"class":61},[47,151662,2392],{"class":106},[47,151664,117],{"class":61},[47,151666,125327],{"class":113},[47,151668,2266],{"class":61},[20,151670,372],{},[38,151672,151673],{"className":40,"code":150134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151674,151675,151679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151676,151677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151678,9288],{"class":61},[47,151680,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151682,3941],{"class":57},[47,151684,3944],{"class":2714},[47,151686,398],{"class":65},[47,151688,49371],{"class":69},[47,151690,385],{"class":65},[47,151692,3953],{"class":57},[20,151694,151695],{},"This is equivalent to:",[38,151697,151699],{"className":40,"code":151698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\n",[15,151700,151701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151702,151703,151705,151707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151704,125276],{"class":53},[47,151706,58],{"class":57},[47,151708,149754],{"class":61},[33,151710,151712],{"id":151711},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[244,151714,151716],{"id":151715},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151718,151719],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[38,151721,151723],{"className":40,"code":151722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151724,151725,151745,151759,151763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151726,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151728,4270],{"class":53},[47,151730,58],{"class":57},[47,151732,62],{"class":61},[47,151734,2981],{"class":349},[47,151736,75],{"class":61},[47,151738,8436],{"class":349},[47,151740,75],{"class":61},[47,151742,8441],{"class":349},[47,151744,95],{"class":61},[47,151746,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151748,2879],{"class":53},[47,151750,58],{"class":57},[47,151752,149778],{"class":106},[47,151754,117],{"class":61},[47,151756,4300],{"class":113},[47,151758,132],{"class":61},[47,151760,151761],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,151762,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,151764,151765,151767,151769,151771],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,151766,139],{"class":138},[47,151768,117],{"class":61},[47,151770,2914],{"class":113},[47,151772,132],{"class":61},[20,151774,372],{},[38,151776,151778],{"className":40,"code":151777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151779,151780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151781,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151783,117],{"class":61},[47,151785,2981],{"class":349},[47,151787,75],{"class":61},[47,151789,8436],{"class":349},[47,151791,75],{"class":61},[47,151793,8441],{"class":349},[47,151795,132],{"class":61},[20,151797,151798,151799,110],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[210,151800,105476],{"href":60477},[244,151802,151804],{"id":151803},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151806,151807],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[38,151809,151811],{"className":40,"code":151810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151812,151813,151825,151839,151843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151814,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151816,35096],{"class":53},[47,151818,58],{"class":57},[47,151820,78],{"class":65},[47,151822,37459],{"class":69},[47,151824,689],{"class":65},[47,151826,151827,151829,151831,151833,151835,151837],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151828,2879],{"class":53},[47,151830,58],{"class":57},[47,151832,149778],{"class":106},[47,151834,117],{"class":61},[47,151836,35117],{"class":113},[47,151838,132],{"class":61},[47,151840,151841],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,151842,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,151844,151845,151847,151849,151851],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,151846,139],{"class":138},[47,151848,117],{"class":61},[47,151850,2914],{"class":113},[47,151852,132],{"class":61},[20,151854,372],{},[38,151856,151858],{"className":40,"code":151857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151859,151860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151861,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151863,117],{"class":61},[47,151865,385],{"class":65},[47,151867,863],{"class":69},[47,151869,385],{"class":65},[47,151871,75],{"class":61},[47,151873,398],{"class":65},[47,151875,210],{"class":69},[47,151877,385],{"class":65},[47,151879,75],{"class":61},[47,151881,398],{"class":65},[47,151883,63709],{"class":69},[47,151885,385],{"class":65},[47,151887,132],{"class":61},[20,151889,151890,151891,14668,151894,151896,151897,110],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151892,151893],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[278,151895,1369],{}," create ",[15,151898,151899],{},"('cat',)",[244,151901,151903],{"id":151902},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151905,151906,151908,151909,151911],{},[15,151907,36609],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151910,38459],{}," collects them all.",[38,151913,151915],{"className":40,"code":151914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151916,151917,151935,151939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151918,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151920,2879],{"class":53},[47,151922,58],{"class":57},[47,151924,149778],{"class":106},[47,151926,117],{"class":61},[47,151928,60420],{"class":138},[47,151930,117],{"class":61},[47,151932,2784],{"class":349},[47,151934,2266],{"class":61},[47,151936,151937],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,151938,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,151940,151941,151943,151945,151947],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,151942,139],{"class":138},[47,151944,117],{"class":61},[47,151946,2914],{"class":113},[47,151948,132],{"class":61},[20,151950,372],{},[38,151952,151954],{"className":40,"code":151953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151955,151956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151959,117],{"class":61},[47,151961,436],{"class":349},[47,151963,75],{"class":61},[47,151965,2002],{"class":349},[47,151967,75],{"class":61},[47,151969,2409],{"class":349},[47,151971,75],{"class":61},[47,151973,2414],{"class":349},[47,151975,75],{"class":61},[47,151977,3108],{"class":349},[47,151979,132],{"class":61},[244,151981,151983],{"id":151982},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151985,151986],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[38,151988,151990],{"className":40,"code":151989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151991,151992,152012,152026,152030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151993,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151995,4470],{"class":53},[47,151997,58],{"class":57},[47,151999,1096],{"class":61},[47,152001,917],{"class":349},[47,152003,75],{"class":61},[47,152005,2409],{"class":349},[47,152007,75],{"class":61},[47,152009,2414],{"class":349},[47,152011,421],{"class":61},[47,152013,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152015,2879],{"class":53},[47,152017,58],{"class":57},[47,152019,149778],{"class":106},[47,152021,117],{"class":61},[47,152023,6003],{"class":113},[47,152025,132],{"class":61},[47,152027,152028],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,152029,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,152031,152032,152034,152036,152038],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,152033,139],{"class":138},[47,152035,117],{"class":61},[47,152037,2914],{"class":113},[47,152039,132],{"class":61},[20,152041,372],{},[38,152043,152044],{"className":40,"code":149991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152045,152046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152047,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152049,117],{"class":61},[47,152051,917],{"class":349},[47,152053,75],{"class":61},[47,152055,2409],{"class":349},[47,152057,75],{"class":61},[47,152059,2414],{"class":349},[47,152061,132],{"class":61},[20,152063,152064,152065,110],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[210,152066,152068],{"href":152067},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[244,152070,152072],{"id":152071},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,152074,63962,152075,152077],{},[15,152076,38459],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[38,152079,152081],{"className":40,"code":152080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152082,152083,152119,152133,152137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152084,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152086,101],{"class":53},[47,152088,58],{"class":57},[47,152090,1096],{"class":61},[47,152092,66],{"class":65},[47,152094,70],{"class":69},[47,152096,66],{"class":65},[47,152098,172],{"class":61},[47,152100,78],{"class":65},[47,152102,13508],{"class":69},[47,152104,66],{"class":65},[47,152106,75],{"class":61},[47,152108,78],{"class":65},[47,152110,81],{"class":69},[47,152112,66],{"class":65},[47,152114,172],{"class":61},[47,152116,9946],{"class":349},[47,152118,421],{"class":61},[47,152120,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152122,2879],{"class":53},[47,152124,58],{"class":57},[47,152126,149778],{"class":106},[47,152128,117],{"class":61},[47,152130,144],{"class":113},[47,152132,132],{"class":61},[47,152134,152135],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,152136,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,152138,152139,152141,152143,152145],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,152140,139],{"class":138},[47,152142,117],{"class":61},[47,152144,2914],{"class":113},[47,152146,132],{"class":61},[20,152148,30435],{},[38,152150,152152],{"className":40,"code":152151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152153,152154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152155,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152157,117],{"class":61},[47,152159,385],{"class":65},[47,152161,70],{"class":69},[47,152163,385],{"class":65},[47,152165,75],{"class":61},[47,152167,398],{"class":65},[47,152169,81],{"class":69},[47,152171,385],{"class":65},[47,152173,132],{"class":61},[33,152175,152177],{"id":152176},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152179,152180],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152182,152183,152186],{},[15,152184,152185],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[38,152188,152190],{"className":40,"code":152189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152191,152192,152228,152232,152246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152193,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152195,101],{"class":53},[47,152197,58],{"class":57},[47,152199,1096],{"class":61},[47,152201,66],{"class":65},[47,152203,70],{"class":69},[47,152205,66],{"class":65},[47,152207,172],{"class":61},[47,152209,78],{"class":65},[47,152211,13508],{"class":69},[47,152213,66],{"class":65},[47,152215,75],{"class":61},[47,152217,78],{"class":65},[47,152219,81],{"class":69},[47,152221,66],{"class":65},[47,152223,172],{"class":61},[47,152225,9946],{"class":349},[47,152227,421],{"class":61},[47,152229,152230],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152231,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,152233,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,152235,139],{"class":138},[47,152237,117],{"class":61},[47,152239,49371],{"class":106},[47,152241,117],{"class":61},[47,152243,144],{"class":113},[47,152245,2266],{"class":61},[47,152247,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,152249,139],{"class":138},[47,152251,117],{"class":61},[47,152253,49371],{"class":106},[47,152255,117],{"class":61},[47,152257,144],{"class":113},[47,152259,110],{"class":61},[47,152261,8456],{"class":113},[47,152263,6934],{"class":61},[20,152265,372],{},[38,152267,152269],{"className":40,"code":152268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152270,152271,152291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152272,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152274,117],{"class":61},[47,152276,385],{"class":65},[47,152278,70],{"class":69},[47,152280,385],{"class":65},[47,152282,75],{"class":61},[47,152284,398],{"class":65},[47,152286,81],{"class":69},[47,152288,385],{"class":65},[47,152290,132],{"class":61},[47,152292,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152294,6155],{"class":61},[47,152296,385],{"class":65},[47,152298,70],{"class":69},[47,152300,385],{"class":65},[47,152302,75],{"class":61},[47,152304,398],{"class":65},[47,152306,13508],{"class":69},[47,152308,385],{"class":65},[47,152310,9875],{"class":61},[47,152312,9878],{"class":61},[47,152314,385],{"class":65},[47,152316,81],{"class":69},[47,152318,385],{"class":65},[47,152320,75],{"class":61},[47,152322,9946],{"class":349},[47,152324,2266],{"class":61},[20,152326,1613],{},[174,152328,152329,152334],{},[177,152330,152331,152333],{},[15,152332,152185],{}," for keys",[177,152335,152336,32964],{},[15,152337,152338],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152340,152341,152342,110],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[210,152343,63972],{"href":63971},[33,152345,152347],{"id":152346},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152349,152350,1223],{},[15,152351,38459],{},[174,152353,152354,152357,152360,152363],{},[177,152355,152356],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[177,152358,152359],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[177,152361,152362],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[177,152364,152365],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152367,603],{},[38,152369,152371],{"className":40,"code":152370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152372,152373,152392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152374,152375,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152376,152377],{"class":53},"coordinates ",[47,152379,58],{"class":57},[47,152381,149778],{"class":106},[47,152383,1258],{"class":61},[47,152385,3156],{"class":349},[47,152387,75],{"class":61},[47,152389,6637],{"class":349},[47,152391,2166],{"class":61},[47,152393,152394,152396,152398,152401],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152395,139],{"class":138},[47,152397,117],{"class":61},[47,152399,152400],{"class":113},"coordinates",[47,152402,132],{"class":61},[20,152404,372],{},[38,152406,152408],{"className":40,"code":152407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152409,152410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152411,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152413,117],{"class":61},[47,152415,3156],{"class":349},[47,152417,75],{"class":61},[47,152419,6637],{"class":349},[47,152421,132],{"class":61},[20,152423,152424],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[174,152426,152427,152429,152432,152435],{},[177,152428,152400],{},[177,152430,152431],{},"RGB colors",[177,152433,152434],{},"dates",[177,152436,152437],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[33,152439,152441],{"id":152440},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152443,44845,152444,11238],{},[15,152445,38459],{},[174,152447,152448,152451,152454],{},[177,152449,152450],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[177,152452,152453],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[177,152455,152456],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152458,116903,152459,152461],{},[278,152460,1369],{}," work:",[38,152463,152465],{"className":40,"code":152464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152466,152467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152468,152469,152471,152473,152475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152470,49371],{"class":106},[47,152472,117],{"class":61},[47,152474,2784],{"class":349},[47,152476,132],{"class":61},[20,152478,152479],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152481,152482],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[33,152484,115741],{"id":115740},[20,152486,152487],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[244,152489,152491],{"id":152490},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152493,3488],{},[38,152495,152496],{"className":40,"code":152464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152497,152498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152499,152500,152502,152504,152506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152501,49371],{"class":106},[47,152503,117],{"class":61},[47,152505,2784],{"class":349},[47,152507,132],{"class":61},[20,152509,30086],{},[38,152511,152512],{"className":40,"code":64076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152513,152514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152515,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152517,3655],{"class":106},[47,152519,172],{"class":61},[47,152521,398],{"class":65},[47,152523,2837],{"class":69},[47,152525,385],{"class":65},[47,152527,25020],{"class":106},[47,152529,8742],{"class":57},[47,152531,8745],{"class":57},[47,152533,64099],{"class":53},[20,152535,152536,152537,110],{},"If you see this, read ",[210,152538,62713],{"href":53019},[244,152540,152542],{"id":152541},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152544,152545],{},"This code:",[38,152547,152549],{"className":40,"code":152548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152550,152551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152552,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152554,49371],{"class":106},[47,152556,117],{"class":61},[47,152558,66],{"class":65},[47,152560,4492],{"class":69},[47,152562,66],{"class":65},[47,152564,132],{"class":61},[20,152566,152567],{},"returns:",[38,152569,152571],{"className":40,"code":152570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152572,152573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152574,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152576,117],{"class":61},[47,152578,385],{"class":65},[47,152580,60860],{"class":69},[47,152582,385],{"class":65},[47,152584,75],{"class":61},[47,152586,398],{"class":65},[47,152588,60869],{"class":69},[47,152590,385],{"class":65},[47,152592,75],{"class":61},[47,152594,398],{"class":65},[47,152596,60878],{"class":69},[47,152598,385],{"class":65},[47,152600,75],{"class":61},[47,152602,398],{"class":65},[47,152604,60878],{"class":69},[47,152606,385],{"class":65},[47,152608,75],{"class":61},[47,152610,398],{"class":65},[47,152612,60895],{"class":69},[47,152614,385],{"class":65},[47,152616,132],{"class":61},[20,152618,41320,152619,152621],{},[278,152620,1369],{}," return:",[38,152623,152625],{"className":40,"code":152624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('hello',)\n",[15,152626,152627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152628,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152630,117],{"class":61},[47,152632,385],{"class":65},[47,152634,4492],{"class":69},[47,152636,385],{"class":65},[47,152638,149768],{"class":61},[20,152640,152641],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[38,152643,152645],{"className":40,"code":152644,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152646,152647,152664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152648,152649,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152650,152651],{"class":53},"single ",[47,152653,58],{"class":57},[47,152655,9878],{"class":61},[47,152657,66],{"class":65},[47,152659,4492],{"class":69},[47,152661,66],{"class":65},[47,152663,149768],{"class":61},[47,152665,152666,152668,152670,152673],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152667,139],{"class":138},[47,152669,117],{"class":61},[47,152671,152672],{"class":113},"single",[47,152674,132],{"class":61},[244,152676,152678],{"id":152677},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152680,152545],{},[38,152682,152684],{"className":40,"code":152683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152685,152686,152718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152687,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152689,872],{"class":53},[47,152691,58],{"class":57},[47,152693,1096],{"class":61},[47,152695,66],{"class":65},[47,152697,210],{"class":69},[47,152699,66],{"class":65},[47,152701,172],{"class":61},[47,152703,2002],{"class":349},[47,152705,75],{"class":61},[47,152707,78],{"class":65},[47,152709,854],{"class":69},[47,152711,66],{"class":65},[47,152713,172],{"class":61},[47,152715,2409],{"class":349},[47,152717,421],{"class":61},[47,152719,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152721,139],{"class":138},[47,152723,117],{"class":61},[47,152725,49371],{"class":106},[47,152727,117],{"class":61},[47,152729,898],{"class":113},[47,152731,2266],{"class":61},[20,152733,152734],{},"returns only the keys:",[38,152736,152738],{"className":40,"code":152737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152739,152740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152741,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152743,117],{"class":61},[47,152745,385],{"class":65},[47,152747,210],{"class":69},[47,152749,385],{"class":65},[47,152751,75],{"class":61},[47,152753,398],{"class":65},[47,152755,854],{"class":69},[47,152757,385],{"class":65},[47,152759,132],{"class":61},[20,152761,152762],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[38,152764,152766],{"className":40,"code":152765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152767,152768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152769,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152771,139],{"class":138},[47,152773,117],{"class":61},[47,152775,49371],{"class":106},[47,152777,117],{"class":61},[47,152779,898],{"class":113},[47,152781,110],{"class":61},[47,152783,8456],{"class":113},[47,152785,6934],{"class":61},[244,152787,152789],{"id":152788},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152791,152792,152793,152795],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152794,38459],{}," conversion.",[20,152797,6117],{},[38,152799,152801],{"className":40,"code":152800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152802,152803,152823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152804,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152806,3098],{"class":53},[47,152808,58],{"class":57},[47,152810,9878],{"class":61},[47,152812,917],{"class":349},[47,152814,75],{"class":61},[47,152816,2409],{"class":349},[47,152818,75],{"class":61},[47,152820,2414],{"class":349},[47,152822,132],{"class":61},[47,152824,152825,152827,152829,152831],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,152826,139],{"class":138},[47,152828,117],{"class":61},[47,152830,259],{"class":113},[47,152832,132],{"class":61},[20,152834,152835],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152837,25909,152838,152840],{},[15,152839,38459],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[33,152842,2429],{"id":2428},[244,152844,152846],{"id":152845},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152848,152849],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[244,152851,152853],{"id":152852},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152855,152856,152857,110],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152858,8011],{},[244,152860,152862],{"id":152861},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152864,152865],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[244,152867,152869],{"id":152868},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152871,152872],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[244,152874,152876],{"id":152875},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152878,152879,152880,110],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152881,3655],{},[33,152883,2526],{"id":2525},[174,152885,152886,152890,152894,152898,152902,152906],{},[177,152887,152888],{},[210,152889,148412],{"href":148411},[177,152891,152892],{},[210,152893,151339],{"href":149715},[177,152895,152896],{},[210,152897,105476],{"href":60477},[177,152899,152900],{},[210,152901,152068],{"href":152067},[177,152903,152904],{},[210,152905,63972],{"href":63971},[177,152907,152908],{},[210,152909,62713],{"href":53019},[2563,152911,152912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":152914},[152915,152916,152917,152918,152919,152926,152927,152928,152929,152935,152942],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":151542,"depth":98,"text":151543},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":150088,"depth":98,"text":150089},{"id":151711,"depth":98,"text":151712,"children":152920},[152921,152922,152923,152924,152925],{"id":151715,"depth":135,"text":151716},{"id":151803,"depth":135,"text":151804},{"id":151902,"depth":135,"text":151903},{"id":151982,"depth":135,"text":151983},{"id":152071,"depth":135,"text":152072},{"id":152176,"depth":98,"text":152177},{"id":152346,"depth":98,"text":152347},{"id":152440,"depth":98,"text":152441},{"id":115740,"depth":98,"text":115741,"children":152930},[152931,152932,152933,152934],{"id":152490,"depth":135,"text":152491},{"id":152541,"depth":135,"text":152542},{"id":152677,"depth":135,"text":152678},{"id":152788,"depth":135,"text":152789},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":152936},[152937,152938,152939,152940,152941],{"id":152845,"depth":135,"text":152846},{"id":152852,"depth":135,"text":152853},{"id":152861,"depth":135,"text":152862},{"id":152868,"depth":135,"text":152869},{"id":152875,"depth":135,"text":152876},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151397,"description":152943},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152950,"title":152951,"body":152952,"description":154365,"extension":2611,"meta":154366,"navigation":357,"path":154367,"seo":154368,"stem":154369,"__hash__":154370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152953,"toc":154337},[152954,152959,152964,152967,152969,153048,153054,153059,153063,153078,153080,153127,153129,153137,153145,153151,153153,153158,153178,153181,153208,153210,153234,153236,153378,153380,153384,153392,153395,153397,153474,153476,153484,153488,153492,153502,153512,153514,153519,153521,153580,153585,153587,153687,153689,153703,153708,153714,153721,153724,153726,153836,153840,153857,153859,153922,153924,153932,153944,153948,153953,153981,153984,154066,154068,154079,154081,154085,154112,154114,154116,154196,154204,154206,154261,154263,154268,154271,154275,154279,154281,154285,154289,154297,154304,154307,154309,154334],[10,152955,148296,152957,18],{"id":152956},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152958,59389],{},[20,152960,152961,152963],{},[15,152962,149617],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152965,152966],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[33,152968,36],{"id":35},[38,152970,152972],{"className":40,"code":152971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152973,152974,153014,153036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152975,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152977,332],{"class":53},[47,152979,58],{"class":57},[47,152981,9878],{"class":61},[47,152983,66],{"class":65},[47,152985,305],{"class":69},[47,152987,66],{"class":65},[47,152989,75],{"class":61},[47,152991,78],{"class":65},[47,152993,323],{"class":69},[47,152995,66],{"class":65},[47,152997,75],{"class":61},[47,152999,78],{"class":65},[47,153001,314],{"class":69},[47,153003,66],{"class":65},[47,153005,75],{"class":61},[47,153007,78],{"class":65},[47,153009,323],{"class":69},[47,153011,66],{"class":65},[47,153013,132],{"class":61},[47,153015,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153017,65342],{"class":53},[47,153019,58],{"class":57},[47,153021,13746],{"class":53},[47,153023,110],{"class":61},[47,153025,36256],{"class":113},[47,153027,117],{"class":61},[47,153029,66],{"class":65},[47,153031,323],{"class":69},[47,153033,66],{"class":65},[47,153035,132],{"class":61},[47,153037,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,153039,139],{"class":138},[47,153041,117],{"class":61},[47,153043,65369],{"class":113},[47,153045,4313],{"class":61},[47,153047,28184],{"class":152},[20,153049,153050,153053],{},[15,153051,153052],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[33,153055,164,153057,167],{"id":153056},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,153058,149617],{},[20,153060,2628,153061,12046],{},[15,153062,59389],{},[174,153064,153065,153068,153070,153073],{},[177,153066,153067],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[177,153069,128894],{},[177,153071,153072],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[177,153074,153075,153076],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,153077,436],{},[20,153079,603],{},[38,153081,153083],{"className":40,"code":153082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,153084,153085,153109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153086,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153088,4270],{"class":53},[47,153090,58],{"class":57},[47,153092,9878],{"class":61},[47,153094,2981],{"class":349},[47,153096,75],{"class":61},[47,153098,8436],{"class":349},[47,153100,75],{"class":61},[47,153102,8441],{"class":349},[47,153104,75],{"class":61},[47,153106,8436],{"class":349},[47,153108,132],{"class":61},[47,153110,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153112,139],{"class":138},[47,153114,117],{"class":61},[47,153116,4300],{"class":113},[47,153118,110],{"class":61},[47,153120,36256],{"class":113},[47,153122,117],{"class":61},[47,153124,16364],{"class":349},[47,153126,2266],{"class":61},[20,153128,372],{},[38,153130,153131],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153132,153133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153134,153135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153136,47334],{"class":349},[20,153138,21379,153139,153141,153142,153144],{},[15,153140,16364],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153143,59389],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153146,151563,153147,110],{},[210,153148,153150],{"href":153149},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[33,153152,2806],{"id":2805},[20,153154,8408,153155,153157],{},[15,153156,59389],{}," in two ways:",[38,153159,153161],{"className":40,"code":153160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153162,153163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153164,153165,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153166,153167],{"class":53},"tuple_name",[47,153169,110],{"class":61},[47,153171,36256],{"class":113},[47,153173,117],{"class":61},[47,153175,259],{"class":113},[47,153177,132],{"class":61},[20,153179,153180],{},"or:",[38,153182,153184],{"className":40,"code":153183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153185,153186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153187,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153189,153167],{"class":53},[47,153191,110],{"class":61},[47,153193,36256],{"class":113},[47,153195,117],{"class":61},[47,153197,259],{"class":113},[47,153199,75],{"class":61},[47,153201,36462],{"class":113},[47,153203,75],{"class":61},[47,153205,65463],{"class":113},[47,153207,132],{"class":61},[244,153209,247],{"id":246},[174,153211,153212,153217,153222,153227],{},[177,153213,153214,153216],{},[15,153215,259],{}," — the item to search for",[177,153218,153219,153221],{},[15,153220,36483],{}," — optional starting position",[177,153223,153224,153226],{},[15,153225,53080],{}," — optional ending position",[177,153228,153229,5427,153231,153233],{},[15,153230,53080],{},[278,153232,65492],{}," in the search",[20,153235,603],{},[38,153237,153239],{"className":40,"code":153238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153240,153241,153289,153293,153318,153346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153242,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153244,36501],{"class":53},[47,153246,58],{"class":57},[47,153248,9878],{"class":61},[47,153250,66],{"class":65},[47,153252,210],{"class":69},[47,153254,66],{"class":65},[47,153256,75],{"class":61},[47,153258,78],{"class":65},[47,153260,854],{"class":69},[47,153262,66],{"class":65},[47,153264,75],{"class":61},[47,153266,78],{"class":65},[47,153268,863],{"class":69},[47,153270,66],{"class":65},[47,153272,75],{"class":61},[47,153274,78],{"class":65},[47,153276,854],{"class":69},[47,153278,66],{"class":65},[47,153280,75],{"class":61},[47,153282,78],{"class":65},[47,153284,1693],{"class":69},[47,153286,66],{"class":65},[47,153288,132],{"class":61},[47,153290,153291],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153292,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,153294,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,153296,139],{"class":138},[47,153298,117],{"class":61},[47,153300,36554],{"class":113},[47,153302,110],{"class":61},[47,153304,36256],{"class":113},[47,153306,117],{"class":61},[47,153308,66],{"class":65},[47,153310,854],{"class":69},[47,153312,66],{"class":65},[47,153314,6006],{"class":61},[47,153316,153317],{"class":152},"        # 1\n",[47,153319,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,153321,139],{"class":138},[47,153323,117],{"class":61},[47,153325,36554],{"class":113},[47,153327,110],{"class":61},[47,153329,36256],{"class":113},[47,153331,117],{"class":61},[47,153333,66],{"class":65},[47,153335,854],{"class":69},[47,153337,66],{"class":65},[47,153339,75],{"class":61},[47,153341,2409],{"class":349},[47,153343,6006],{"class":61},[47,153345,51337],{"class":152},[47,153347,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,153349,139],{"class":138},[47,153351,117],{"class":61},[47,153353,36554],{"class":113},[47,153355,110],{"class":61},[47,153357,36256],{"class":113},[47,153359,117],{"class":61},[47,153361,66],{"class":65},[47,153363,854],{"class":69},[47,153365,66],{"class":65},[47,153367,75],{"class":61},[47,153369,2002],{"class":349},[47,153371,75],{"class":61},[47,153373,2414],{"class":349},[47,153375,6006],{"class":61},[47,153377,28184],{"class":152},[33,153379,103803],{"id":103802},[20,153381,153382,25912],{},[15,153383,149617],{},[174,153385,153386,153389],{},[177,153387,153388],{},"An integer",[177,153390,153391],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153393,153394],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153396,603],{},[38,153398,153400],{"className":40,"code":153399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153401,153402,153442,153464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153403,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153405,108902],{"class":53},[47,153407,58],{"class":57},[47,153409,9878],{"class":61},[47,153411,66],{"class":65},[47,153413,37459],{"class":69},[47,153415,66],{"class":65},[47,153417,75],{"class":61},[47,153419,78],{"class":65},[47,153421,58548],{"class":69},[47,153423,66],{"class":65},[47,153425,75],{"class":61},[47,153427,78],{"class":65},[47,153429,58565],{"class":69},[47,153431,66],{"class":65},[47,153433,75],{"class":61},[47,153435,78],{"class":65},[47,153437,58548],{"class":69},[47,153439,66],{"class":65},[47,153441,132],{"class":61},[47,153443,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153445,2879],{"class":53},[47,153447,58],{"class":57},[47,153449,108945],{"class":53},[47,153451,110],{"class":61},[47,153453,36256],{"class":113},[47,153455,117],{"class":61},[47,153457,66],{"class":65},[47,153459,58548],{"class":69},[47,153461,66],{"class":65},[47,153463,132],{"class":61},[47,153465,153466,153468,153470,153472],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,153467,139],{"class":138},[47,153469,117],{"class":61},[47,153471,2914],{"class":113},[47,153473,132],{"class":61},[20,153475,372],{},[38,153477,153478],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153479,153480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153481,153482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153483,47334],{"class":349},[33,153485,153487],{"id":153486},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153489,156,153490,11238],{},[15,153491,149617],{},[174,153493,153494,153496,153499],{},[177,153495,66521],{},[177,153497,153498],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[177,153500,153501],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153503,153504,153505,153508,153509,110],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153506,153507],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[210,153510,150085],{"href":153511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[33,153513,66053],{"id":66052},[20,153515,153516,153517,110],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153518,41118],{},[20,153520,603],{},[38,153522,153524],{"className":40,"code":153523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153525,153526,153558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153527,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153529,332],{"class":53},[47,153531,58],{"class":57},[47,153533,9878],{"class":61},[47,153535,66],{"class":65},[47,153537,305],{"class":69},[47,153539,66],{"class":65},[47,153541,75],{"class":61},[47,153543,78],{"class":65},[47,153545,323],{"class":69},[47,153547,66],{"class":65},[47,153549,75],{"class":61},[47,153551,78],{"class":65},[47,153553,314],{"class":69},[47,153555,66],{"class":65},[47,153557,132],{"class":61},[47,153559,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153561,139],{"class":138},[47,153563,117],{"class":61},[47,153565,367],{"class":113},[47,153567,110],{"class":61},[47,153569,36256],{"class":113},[47,153571,117],{"class":61},[47,153573,66],{"class":65},[47,153575,22926],{"class":69},[47,153577,66],{"class":65},[47,153579,2266],{"class":61},[20,153581,40067,153582,153584],{},[15,153583,110227],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153586,66128],{},[38,153588,153590],{"className":40,"code":153589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153591,153592,153624,153628,153644,153666,153672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153593,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620,153622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153595,332],{"class":53},[47,153597,58],{"class":57},[47,153599,9878],{"class":61},[47,153601,66],{"class":65},[47,153603,305],{"class":69},[47,153605,66],{"class":65},[47,153607,75],{"class":61},[47,153609,78],{"class":65},[47,153611,323],{"class":69},[47,153613,66],{"class":65},[47,153615,75],{"class":61},[47,153617,78],{"class":65},[47,153619,314],{"class":69},[47,153621,66],{"class":65},[47,153623,132],{"class":61},[47,153625,153626],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153627,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,153629,153630,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,153631,7642],{"class":1107},[47,153633,78],{"class":65},[47,153635,22926],{"class":69},[47,153637,66],{"class":65},[47,153639,21575],{"class":57},[47,153641,13746],{"class":53},[47,153643,7038],{"class":61},[47,153645,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,153647,8715],{"class":138},[47,153649,117],{"class":61},[47,153651,367],{"class":113},[47,153653,110],{"class":61},[47,153655,36256],{"class":113},[47,153657,117],{"class":61},[47,153659,66],{"class":65},[47,153661,22926],{"class":69},[47,153663,66],{"class":65},[47,153665,2266],{"class":61},[47,153667,153668,153670],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,153669,27838],{"class":1107},[47,153671,7038],{"class":61},[47,153673,153674,153676,153678,153680,153683,153685],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,153675,8715],{"class":138},[47,153677,117],{"class":61},[47,153679,66],{"class":65},[47,153681,153682],{"class":69},"Value not found",[47,153684,66],{"class":65},[47,153686,132],{"class":61},[20,153688,372],{},[38,153690,153692],{"className":40,"code":153691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Value not found\n",[15,153693,153694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153695,153696,153699,153701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153697,153698],{"class":53},"Value ",[47,153700,1369],{"class":57},[47,153702,66252],{"class":53},[20,153704,153705,153706,110],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[210,153707,66262],{"href":66261},[33,153709,453,153710,5036,153712],{"id":65829},[15,153711,36483],{},[15,153713,53080],{},[20,153715,2628,153716,5036,153718,153720],{},[15,153717,36483],{},[15,153719,53080],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153722,153723],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153725,603],{},[38,153727,153729],{"className":40,"code":153728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153730,153731,153759,153763,153784,153808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153732,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751,153753,153755,153757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153734,4470],{"class":53},[47,153736,58],{"class":57},[47,153738,9878],{"class":61},[47,153740,2784],{"class":349},[47,153742,75],{"class":61},[47,153744,6648],{"class":349},[47,153746,75],{"class":61},[47,153748,5249],{"class":349},[47,153750,75],{"class":61},[47,153752,8436],{"class":349},[47,153754,75],{"class":61},[47,153756,5249],{"class":349},[47,153758,132],{"class":61},[47,153760,153761],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153762,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,153764,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,153766,139],{"class":138},[47,153768,117],{"class":61},[47,153770,6003],{"class":113},[47,153772,110],{"class":61},[47,153774,36256],{"class":113},[47,153776,117],{"class":61},[47,153778,2784],{"class":349},[47,153780,6006],{"class":61},[47,153782,153783],{"class":152},"        # 0\n",[47,153785,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,153787,139],{"class":138},[47,153789,117],{"class":61},[47,153791,6003],{"class":113},[47,153793,110],{"class":61},[47,153795,36256],{"class":113},[47,153797,117],{"class":61},[47,153799,2784],{"class":349},[47,153801,75],{"class":61},[47,153803,2002],{"class":349},[47,153805,6006],{"class":61},[47,153807,51371],{"class":152},[47,153809,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,153811,139],{"class":138},[47,153813,117],{"class":61},[47,153815,6003],{"class":113},[47,153817,110],{"class":61},[47,153819,36256],{"class":113},[47,153821,117],{"class":61},[47,153823,2784],{"class":349},[47,153825,75],{"class":61},[47,153827,2414],{"class":349},[47,153829,75],{"class":61},[47,153831,5249],{"class":349},[47,153833,6006],{"class":61},[47,153835,51354],{"class":152},[244,153837,153839],{"id":153838},"how-it-works","How it works",[174,153841,153842,153847,153852],{},[177,153843,153844,153846],{},[15,153845,36483],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[177,153848,153849,153851],{},[15,153850,53080],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[177,153853,2628,153854,153856],{},[15,153855,53080],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153858,603],{},[38,153860,153862],{"className":40,"code":153861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153863,153864,153892,153896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153865,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153867,4470],{"class":53},[47,153869,58],{"class":57},[47,153871,9878],{"class":61},[47,153873,2784],{"class":349},[47,153875,75],{"class":61},[47,153877,6648],{"class":349},[47,153879,75],{"class":61},[47,153881,5249],{"class":349},[47,153883,75],{"class":61},[47,153885,8436],{"class":349},[47,153887,75],{"class":61},[47,153889,5249],{"class":349},[47,153891,132],{"class":61},[47,153893,153894],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,153895,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,153897,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,153899,139],{"class":138},[47,153901,117],{"class":61},[47,153903,6003],{"class":113},[47,153905,110],{"class":61},[47,153907,36256],{"class":113},[47,153909,117],{"class":61},[47,153911,2784],{"class":349},[47,153913,75],{"class":61},[47,153915,2002],{"class":349},[47,153917,75],{"class":61},[47,153919,3108],{"class":349},[47,153921,2266],{"class":61},[20,153923,372],{},[38,153925,153926],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153927,153928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153929,153930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153931,17665],{"class":349},[20,153933,153934,153935,2838,153937,17681,153939,153941,153942,110],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153936,917],{},[15,153938,2705],{},[15,153940,2711],{},", but not ",[15,153943,3156],{},[33,153945,153947],{"id":153946},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153949,153950,153951,172],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153952,149617],{},[174,153954,153955,153963,153968,153975],{},[177,153956,153957,153958,153960,153961],{},"Do not confuse the ",[278,153959,259],{}," with the ",[278,153962,36256],{},[177,153964,153965,153966],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153967,436],{},[177,153969,156,153970,153974],{},[210,153971,149643,153972,1637],{"href":149695},[15,153973,57711],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[177,153976,153977,153978,153980],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153979,153507],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153982,153983],{},"Example of value vs index:",[38,153985,153987],{"className":40,"code":153986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153988,153989,154021,154025,154049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153990,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153992,36650],{"class":53},[47,153994,58],{"class":57},[47,153996,9878],{"class":61},[47,153998,66],{"class":65},[47,154000,4720],{"class":69},[47,154002,66],{"class":65},[47,154004,75],{"class":61},[47,154006,78],{"class":65},[47,154008,4729],{"class":69},[47,154010,66],{"class":65},[47,154012,75],{"class":61},[47,154014,78],{"class":65},[47,154016,33628],{"class":69},[47,154018,66],{"class":65},[47,154020,132],{"class":61},[47,154022,154023],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154024,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,154026,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043,154045,154047],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154028,139],{"class":138},[47,154030,117],{"class":61},[47,154032,36702],{"class":113},[47,154034,110],{"class":61},[47,154036,36256],{"class":113},[47,154038,117],{"class":61},[47,154040,66],{"class":65},[47,154042,4729],{"class":69},[47,154044,66],{"class":65},[47,154046,6006],{"class":61},[47,154048,28184],{"class":152},[47,154050,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154052,139],{"class":138},[47,154054,117],{"class":61},[47,154056,36702],{"class":113},[47,154058,669],{"class":61},[47,154060,917],{"class":349},[47,154062,20847],{"class":61},[47,154064,154065],{"class":152},"               # banana\n",[20,154067,2827],{},[174,154069,154070,154074],{},[177,154071,154072,15857],{},[15,154073,65697],{},[177,154075,154076,154078],{},[15,154077,917],{}," is the index",[33,154080,1641],{"id":1640},[20,154082,106541,154083,172],{},[15,154084,149617],{},[174,154086,154087,154090,154095,154100,154107],{},[177,154088,154089],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[177,154091,1968,154092,154094],{},[15,154093,59389],{}," to return all matching positions",[177,154096,154097,154098],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,154099,436],{},[177,154101,154102,154103,5036,154105],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,154104,36483],{},[15,154106,53080],{},[177,154108,37616,154109,154111],{},[15,154110,149617],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[244,154113,61132],{"id":61131},[20,154115,94803],{},[38,154117,154119],{"className":40,"code":154118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,154120,154121,154131,154145,154160,154178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154122,154123,154125,154127,154129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154124,139],{"class":138},[47,154126,117],{"class":61},[47,154128,148430],{"class":113},[47,154130,132],{"class":61},[47,154132,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154134,139],{"class":138},[47,154136,117],{"class":61},[47,154138,11798],{"class":138},[47,154140,117],{"class":61},[47,154142,148430],{"class":113},[47,154144,2266],{"class":61},[47,154146,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154158],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154148,139],{"class":138},[47,154150,117],{"class":61},[47,154152,3098],{"class":113},[47,154154,1114],{"class":1107},[47,154156,154157],{"class":113}," my_tuple",[47,154159,132],{"class":61},[47,154161,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154163,139],{"class":138},[47,154165,117],{"class":61},[47,154167,148430],{"class":113},[47,154169,110],{"class":61},[47,154171,41674],{"class":113},[47,154173,117],{"class":61},[47,154175,259],{"class":113},[47,154177,2266],{"class":61},[47,154179,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192,154194],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,154181,139],{"class":138},[47,154183,117],{"class":61},[47,154185,148430],{"class":113},[47,154187,110],{"class":61},[47,154189,36256],{"class":113},[47,154191,117],{"class":61},[47,154193,259],{"class":113},[47,154195,2266],{"class":61},[20,154197,154198,154199,84820,154201,154203],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154200,41118],{},[15,154202,259],{}," is missing.",[20,154205,130047],{},[38,154207,154209],{"className":40,"code":154208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154210,154211,154223,154241,154247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154212,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154214,7642],{"class":1107},[47,154216,21986],{"class":53},[47,154218,1114],{"class":57},[47,154220,154157],{"class":53},[47,154222,7038],{"class":61},[47,154224,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154226,8715],{"class":138},[47,154228,117],{"class":61},[47,154230,148430],{"class":113},[47,154232,110],{"class":61},[47,154234,36256],{"class":113},[47,154236,117],{"class":61},[47,154238,259],{"class":113},[47,154240,2266],{"class":61},[47,154242,154243,154245],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154244,27838],{"class":1107},[47,154246,7038],{"class":61},[47,154248,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154250,8715],{"class":138},[47,154252,117],{"class":61},[47,154254,66],{"class":65},[47,154256,153682],{"class":69},[47,154258,66],{"class":65},[47,154260,132],{"class":61},[33,154262,2429],{"id":2428},[244,154264,5785,154266,13344],{"id":154265},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154267,149617],{},[20,154269,154270],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[244,154272,154274],{"id":154273},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154276,154277,153144],{},[15,154278,149617],{},[244,154280,149596],{"id":149595},[20,154282,77281,154283,110],{},[15,154284,41118],{},[244,154286,154288],{"id":154287},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154290,154291,154292,5036,154294,154296],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154293,36483],{},[15,154295,53080],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[244,154298,15516,154300,57626,154302,3143],{"id":154299},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154301,149617],{},[15,154303,65288],{},[20,154305,154306],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[33,154308,2526],{"id":2525},[174,154310,154311,154317,154321,154326,154330],{},[177,154312,154313],{},[210,154314,149643,154315,1637],{"href":149695},[15,154316,57711],{},[177,154318,154319],{},[210,154320,150085],{"href":153511},[177,154322,154323],{},[210,154324,154325],{"href":151391},"Creating a tuple in Python",[177,154327,154328],{},[210,154329,66262],{"href":66261},[177,154331,154332],{},[210,154333,151339],{"href":153149},[2563,154335,154336],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":154338},[154339,154340,154342,154345,154346,154347,154348,154351,154352,154355,154364],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":153056,"depth":98,"text":154341},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806,"children":154343},[154344],{"id":246,"depth":135,"text":247},{"id":103802,"depth":98,"text":103803},{"id":153486,"depth":98,"text":153487},{"id":66052,"depth":98,"text":66053},{"id":65829,"depth":98,"text":66612,"children":154349},[154350],{"id":153838,"depth":135,"text":153839},{"id":153946,"depth":98,"text":153947},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641,"children":154353},[154354],{"id":61131,"depth":135,"text":61132},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":154356},[154357,154359,154360,154361,154362],{"id":154265,"depth":135,"text":154358},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154273,"depth":135,"text":154274},{"id":149595,"depth":135,"text":149596},{"id":154287,"depth":135,"text":154288},{"id":154299,"depth":135,"text":154363},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152951,"description":154365},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154372,"title":154373,"body":154374,"description":155769,"extension":2611,"meta":155770,"navigation":357,"path":153511,"seo":155771,"stem":155772,"__hash__":155773},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154375,"toc":155751},[154376,154379,154382,154385,154399,154401,154404,154498,154508,154514,154518,154521,154524,154526,154544,154546,154617,154619,154636,154640,154644,154647,154664,154667,154682,154684,154775,154778,154782,154785,154802,154804,154899,154902,154905,154909,154912,155006,155008,155027,155030,155034,155037,155039,155094,155096,155131,155134,155148,155156,155249,155258,155262,155265,155272,155275,155322,155324,155332,155335,155386,155388,155405,155410,155414,155417,155420,155422,155473,155476,155531,155534,155537,155539,155542,155562,155564,155637,155640,155653,155655,155659,155664,155668,155673,155690,155694,155697,155714,155718,155721,155723,155748],[10,154377,154373],{"id":154378},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154380,154381],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154383,154384],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[174,154386,154387,154390,154393,154396],{},[177,154388,154389],{},"positive indexes",[177,154391,154392],{},"negative indexes",[177,154394,154395],{},"common indexing mistakes",[177,154397,154398],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[33,154400,4260],{"id":4259},[20,154402,154403],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[38,154405,154407],{"className":40,"code":154406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154408,154409,154441,154445,154462,154479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154410,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154412,332],{"class":53},[47,154414,58],{"class":57},[47,154416,9878],{"class":61},[47,154418,66],{"class":65},[47,154420,305],{"class":69},[47,154422,66],{"class":65},[47,154424,75],{"class":61},[47,154426,78],{"class":65},[47,154428,314],{"class":69},[47,154430,66],{"class":65},[47,154432,75],{"class":61},[47,154434,78],{"class":65},[47,154436,323],{"class":69},[47,154438,66],{"class":65},[47,154440,132],{"class":61},[47,154442,154443],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154444,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,154446,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154448,139],{"class":138},[47,154450,117],{"class":61},[47,154452,367],{"class":113},[47,154454,669],{"class":61},[47,154456,436],{"class":349},[47,154458,20847],{"class":61},[47,154460,154461],{"class":152},"   # red\n",[47,154463,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154465,139],{"class":138},[47,154467,117],{"class":61},[47,154469,367],{"class":113},[47,154471,669],{"class":61},[47,154473,917],{"class":349},[47,154475,20847],{"class":61},[47,154477,154478],{"class":152},"   # green\n",[47,154480,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,154482,139],{"class":138},[47,154484,117],{"class":61},[47,154486,367],{"class":113},[47,154488,669],{"class":61},[47,154490,2670],{"class":57},[47,154492,917],{"class":349},[47,154494,20847],{"class":61},[47,154496,154497],{"class":152},"  # blue\n",[174,154499,154500,154505],{},[177,154501,132836,154502,154504],{},[15,154503,436],{}," is the first item.",[177,154506,154507],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154509,154510,154511,110],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[210,154512,154513],{"href":148415},"how to create a tuple in Python",[33,154515,154517],{"id":154516},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154519,154520],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154522,154523],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154525,12092],{},[174,154527,154528,154531,154538,154541],{},[177,154529,154530],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[177,154532,154533,154534,1889,154536],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154535,436],{},[15,154537,917],{},[177,154539,154540],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[177,154542,154543],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154545,603],{},[38,154547,154549],{"className":40,"code":154548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154550,154551,154571,154575,154589,154603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154552,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154554,4270],{"class":53},[47,154556,58],{"class":57},[47,154558,9878],{"class":61},[47,154560,2981],{"class":349},[47,154562,75],{"class":61},[47,154564,8436],{"class":349},[47,154566,75],{"class":61},[47,154568,8441],{"class":349},[47,154570,132],{"class":61},[47,154572,154573],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154574,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,154576,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154578,139],{"class":138},[47,154580,117],{"class":61},[47,154582,4300],{"class":113},[47,154584,669],{"class":61},[47,154586,436],{"class":349},[47,154588,2166],{"class":61},[47,154590,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154592,139],{"class":138},[47,154594,117],{"class":61},[47,154596,4300],{"class":113},[47,154598,669],{"class":61},[47,154600,917],{"class":349},[47,154602,2166],{"class":61},[47,154604,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,154606,139],{"class":138},[47,154608,117],{"class":61},[47,154610,4300],{"class":113},[47,154612,669],{"class":61},[47,154614,2705],{"class":349},[47,154616,2166],{"class":61},[20,154618,372],{},[38,154620,154622],{"className":40,"code":154621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154623,154624,154628,154632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154625,154626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154627,3027],{"class":349},[47,154629,154630],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154631,71647],{"class":349},[47,154633,154634],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154635,70263],{"class":349},[20,154637,59814,154638,110],{},[210,154639,148412],{"href":148411},[33,154641,154643],{"id":154642},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154645,154646],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[174,154648,154649,154654,154659],{},[177,154650,154651,154653],{},[15,154652,436],{}," = first item",[177,154655,154656,154658],{},[15,154657,917],{}," = second item",[177,154660,154661,154663],{},[15,154662,2705],{}," = third item",[20,154665,154666],{},"Pattern:",[38,154668,154670],{"className":40,"code":154669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154671,154672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154673,154674,154676,154678,154680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154675,153167],{"class":53},[47,154677,669],{"class":61},[47,154679,36256],{"class":53},[47,154681,95],{"class":61},[20,154683,603],{},[38,154685,154687],{"className":40,"code":154686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154688,154689,154721,154725,154742,154758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154690,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154692,36650],{"class":53},[47,154694,58],{"class":57},[47,154696,9878],{"class":61},[47,154698,66],{"class":65},[47,154700,4720],{"class":69},[47,154702,66],{"class":65},[47,154704,75],{"class":61},[47,154706,78],{"class":65},[47,154708,4729],{"class":69},[47,154710,66],{"class":65},[47,154712,75],{"class":61},[47,154714,78],{"class":65},[47,154716,4738],{"class":69},[47,154718,66],{"class":65},[47,154720,132],{"class":61},[47,154722,154723],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154724,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,154726,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154728,139],{"class":138},[47,154730,117],{"class":61},[47,154732,36702],{"class":113},[47,154734,669],{"class":61},[47,154736,436],{"class":349},[47,154738,20847],{"class":61},[47,154740,154741],{"class":152},"  # apple\n",[47,154743,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154745,139],{"class":138},[47,154747,117],{"class":61},[47,154749,36702],{"class":113},[47,154751,669],{"class":61},[47,154753,917],{"class":349},[47,154755,20847],{"class":61},[47,154757,51905],{"class":152},[47,154759,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,154761,139],{"class":138},[47,154763,117],{"class":61},[47,154765,36702],{"class":113},[47,154767,669],{"class":61},[47,154769,2705],{"class":349},[47,154771,20847],{"class":61},[47,154773,154774],{"class":152},"  # cherry\n",[20,154776,154777],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[33,154779,154781],{"id":154780},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154783,154784],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[174,154786,154787,154792,154797],{},[177,154788,154789,154791],{},[15,154790,66277],{}," = last item",[177,154793,154794,154796],{},[15,154795,95833],{}," = second-to-last item",[177,154798,154799,154801],{},[15,154800,48088],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154803,603],{},[38,154805,154807],{"className":40,"code":154806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154808,154809,154841,154845,154863,154881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154810,154811,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154812,36650],{"class":53},[47,154814,58],{"class":57},[47,154816,9878],{"class":61},[47,154818,66],{"class":65},[47,154820,4720],{"class":69},[47,154822,66],{"class":65},[47,154824,75],{"class":61},[47,154826,78],{"class":65},[47,154828,4729],{"class":69},[47,154830,66],{"class":65},[47,154832,75],{"class":61},[47,154834,78],{"class":65},[47,154836,4738],{"class":69},[47,154838,66],{"class":65},[47,154840,132],{"class":61},[47,154842,154843],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154844,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,154846,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154848,139],{"class":138},[47,154850,117],{"class":61},[47,154852,36702],{"class":113},[47,154854,669],{"class":61},[47,154856,2670],{"class":57},[47,154858,917],{"class":349},[47,154860,20847],{"class":61},[47,154862,154774],{"class":152},[47,154864,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154866,139],{"class":138},[47,154868,117],{"class":61},[47,154870,36702],{"class":113},[47,154872,669],{"class":61},[47,154874,2670],{"class":57},[47,154876,2705],{"class":349},[47,154878,20847],{"class":61},[47,154880,51905],{"class":152},[47,154882,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,154884,139],{"class":138},[47,154886,117],{"class":61},[47,154888,36702],{"class":113},[47,154890,669],{"class":61},[47,154892,2670],{"class":57},[47,154894,2711],{"class":349},[47,154896,20847],{"class":61},[47,154898,154741],{"class":152},[20,154900,154901],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154903,154904],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[33,154906,154908],{"id":154907},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154910,154911],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[38,154913,154915],{"className":40,"code":154914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154916,154917,154949,154953,154970,154987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154918,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154920,5638],{"class":53},[47,154922,58],{"class":57},[47,154924,9878],{"class":61},[47,154926,66],{"class":65},[47,154928,13508],{"class":69},[47,154930,66],{"class":65},[47,154932,75],{"class":61},[47,154934,78],{"class":65},[47,154936,36351],{"class":69},[47,154938,66],{"class":65},[47,154940,75],{"class":61},[47,154942,78],{"class":65},[47,154944,36360],{"class":69},[47,154946,66],{"class":65},[47,154948,132],{"class":61},[47,154950,154951],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,154952,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,154954,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,154956,139],{"class":138},[47,154958,117],{"class":61},[47,154960,5682],{"class":113},[47,154962,669],{"class":61},[47,154964,436],{"class":349},[47,154966,20847],{"class":61},[47,154968,154969],{"class":152},"   # first item\n",[47,154971,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,154973,139],{"class":138},[47,154975,117],{"class":61},[47,154977,5682],{"class":113},[47,154979,669],{"class":61},[47,154981,917],{"class":349},[47,154983,20847],{"class":61},[47,154985,154986],{"class":152},"   # middle item\n",[47,154988,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,154990,139],{"class":138},[47,154992,117],{"class":61},[47,154994,5682],{"class":113},[47,154996,669],{"class":61},[47,154998,2670],{"class":57},[47,155000,917],{"class":349},[47,155002,20847],{"class":61},[47,155004,155005],{"class":152},"  # last item\n",[20,155007,372],{},[38,155009,155011],{"className":40,"code":155010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,155012,155013,155017,155022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155014,155015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155016,50458],{"class":53},[47,155018,155019],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155020,155021],{"class":53},"Ben\n",[47,155023,155024],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155025,155026],{"class":53},"Cara\n",[20,155028,155029],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[33,155031,155033],{"id":155032},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,155035,155036],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,155038,603],{},[38,155040,155042],{"className":40,"code":155041,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,155043,155044,155076,155080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155045,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070,155072,155074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155047,36501],{"class":53},[47,155049,58],{"class":57},[47,155051,9878],{"class":61},[47,155053,66],{"class":65},[47,155055,210],{"class":69},[47,155057,66],{"class":65},[47,155059,75],{"class":61},[47,155061,78],{"class":65},[47,155063,854],{"class":69},[47,155065,66],{"class":65},[47,155067,75],{"class":61},[47,155069,78],{"class":65},[47,155071,863],{"class":69},[47,155073,66],{"class":65},[47,155075,132],{"class":61},[47,155077,155078],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155079,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,155081,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155083,139],{"class":138},[47,155085,117],{"class":61},[47,155087,36554],{"class":113},[47,155089,669],{"class":61},[47,155091,2784],{"class":349},[47,155093,2166],{"class":61},[20,155095,372],{},[38,155097,155099],{"className":40,"code":155098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155100,155101,155113,155118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155102,155103,155106,155108,155111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155104,155105],{"class":113},"Traceback ",[47,155107,117],{"class":61},[47,155109,155110],{"class":113},"most recent call last",[47,155112,8988],{"class":61},[47,155114,155115],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155116,155117],{"class":34861},"  ...\n",[47,155119,155120,155122,155124,155126,155129],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155121,71154],{"class":106},[47,155123,172],{"class":61},[47,155125,149778],{"class":106},[47,155127,155128],{"class":53}," index out of ",[47,155130,71346],{"class":138},[20,155132,155133],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[174,155135,155136,155140,155144],{},[177,155137,155138],{},[15,155139,436],{},[177,155141,155142],{},[15,155143,917],{},[177,155145,155146],{},[15,155147,2705],{},[20,155149,155150,155151,110],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[210,155152,155153,155155],{"href":149650},[15,155154,42776],{}," on a tuple",[38,155157,155159],{"className":40,"code":155158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155160,155161,155193,155197,155213,155217,155235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155162,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189,155191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155164,36501],{"class":53},[47,155166,58],{"class":57},[47,155168,9878],{"class":61},[47,155170,66],{"class":65},[47,155172,210],{"class":69},[47,155174,66],{"class":65},[47,155176,75],{"class":61},[47,155178,78],{"class":65},[47,155180,854],{"class":69},[47,155182,66],{"class":65},[47,155184,75],{"class":61},[47,155186,78],{"class":65},[47,155188,863],{"class":69},[47,155190,66],{"class":65},[47,155192,132],{"class":61},[47,155194,155195],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155196,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,155198,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155200,139],{"class":138},[47,155202,117],{"class":61},[47,155204,11798],{"class":138},[47,155206,117],{"class":61},[47,155208,36554],{"class":113},[47,155210,6006],{"class":61},[47,155212,51189],{"class":152},[47,155214,155215],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,155216,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,155218,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,155220,7642],{"class":1107},[47,155222,38799],{"class":138},[47,155224,117],{"class":61},[47,155226,36554],{"class":113},[47,155228,4313],{"class":61},[47,155230,38809],{"class":57},[47,155232,2409],{"class":349},[47,155234,7038],{"class":61},[47,155236,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,155238,8715],{"class":138},[47,155240,117],{"class":61},[47,155242,36554],{"class":113},[47,155244,669],{"class":61},[47,155246,2705],{"class":349},[47,155248,2166],{"class":61},[20,155250,155251,155252,110],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[210,155253,26083,155255],{"href":155254},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155256,155257],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[33,155259,155261],{"id":155260},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155263,155264],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[174,155266,155267,155269],{},[177,155268,77298],{},[177,155270,155271],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155273,155274],{},"Indexing example:",[38,155276,155278],{"className":40,"code":155277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155279,155280,155304,155308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155281,155282,155284,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155283,4270],{"class":53},[47,155285,58],{"class":57},[47,155287,9878],{"class":61},[47,155289,2981],{"class":349},[47,155291,75],{"class":61},[47,155293,8436],{"class":349},[47,155295,75],{"class":61},[47,155297,8441],{"class":349},[47,155299,75],{"class":61},[47,155301,51262],{"class":349},[47,155303,132],{"class":61},[47,155305,155306],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155307,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,155309,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155311,139],{"class":138},[47,155313,117],{"class":61},[47,155315,4300],{"class":113},[47,155317,669],{"class":61},[47,155319,917],{"class":349},[47,155321,2166],{"class":61},[20,155323,372],{},[38,155325,155326],{"className":40,"code":71647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155327,155328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155329,155330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155331,71647],{"class":349},[20,155333,155334],{},"Slicing example:",[38,155336,155338],{"className":40,"code":155337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155339,155340,155364,155368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155341,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155343,4270],{"class":53},[47,155345,58],{"class":57},[47,155347,9878],{"class":61},[47,155349,2981],{"class":349},[47,155351,75],{"class":61},[47,155353,8436],{"class":349},[47,155355,75],{"class":61},[47,155357,8441],{"class":349},[47,155359,75],{"class":61},[47,155361,51262],{"class":349},[47,155363,132],{"class":61},[47,155365,155366],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155367,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,155369,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155371,139],{"class":138},[47,155373,117],{"class":61},[47,155375,4300],{"class":113},[47,155377,669],{"class":61},[47,155379,917],{"class":349},[47,155381,172],{"class":61},[47,155383,2711],{"class":349},[47,155385,2166],{"class":61},[20,155387,372],{},[38,155389,155391],{"className":40,"code":155390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155392,155393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155394,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155396,117],{"class":61},[47,155398,16364],{"class":349},[47,155400,75],{"class":61},[47,155402,8441],{"class":349},[47,155404,132],{"class":61},[20,155406,155407,155408,110],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[210,155409,151329],{"href":151328},[33,155411,155413],{"id":155412},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155415,155416],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155418,155419],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155421,7332],{},[38,155423,155425],{"className":40,"code":155424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155426,155427,155459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155428,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155430,332],{"class":53},[47,155432,58],{"class":57},[47,155434,9878],{"class":61},[47,155436,66],{"class":65},[47,155438,305],{"class":69},[47,155440,66],{"class":65},[47,155442,75],{"class":61},[47,155444,78],{"class":65},[47,155446,314],{"class":69},[47,155448,66],{"class":65},[47,155450,75],{"class":61},[47,155452,78],{"class":65},[47,155454,323],{"class":69},[47,155456,66],{"class":65},[47,155458,132],{"class":61},[47,155460,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155462,139],{"class":138},[47,155464,117],{"class":61},[47,155466,367],{"class":113},[47,155468,669],{"class":61},[47,155470,917],{"class":349},[47,155472,2166],{"class":61},[20,155474,155475],{},"But this does not work:",[38,155477,155479],{"className":40,"code":155478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155480,155481,155513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155482,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155484,332],{"class":53},[47,155486,58],{"class":57},[47,155488,9878],{"class":61},[47,155490,66],{"class":65},[47,155492,305],{"class":69},[47,155494,66],{"class":65},[47,155496,75],{"class":61},[47,155498,78],{"class":65},[47,155500,314],{"class":69},[47,155502,66],{"class":65},[47,155504,75],{"class":61},[47,155506,78],{"class":65},[47,155508,323],{"class":69},[47,155510,66],{"class":65},[47,155512,132],{"class":61},[47,155514,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155516,367],{"class":53},[47,155518,669],{"class":61},[47,155520,917],{"class":349},[47,155522,678],{"class":61},[47,155524,681],{"class":57},[47,155526,78],{"class":65},[47,155528,22926],{"class":69},[47,155530,689],{"class":65},[20,155532,155533],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155535,155536],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[33,155538,1641],{"id":1640},[20,155540,155541],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[174,155543,155544,155550,155553,155556],{},[177,155545,133140,155546,11728,155548],{},[15,155547,917],{},[15,155549,436],{},[177,155551,155552],{},"Using an index that is too large",[177,155554,155555],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[177,155557,155558,155559],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155560,155561],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155563,62717],{},[38,155565,155567],{"className":40,"code":155566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155568,155569,155579,155593,155607,155623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155570,155571,155573,155575,155577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155572,139],{"class":138},[47,155574,117],{"class":61},[47,155576,148430],{"class":113},[47,155578,132],{"class":61},[47,155580,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155582,139],{"class":138},[47,155584,117],{"class":61},[47,155586,11798],{"class":138},[47,155588,117],{"class":61},[47,155590,148430],{"class":113},[47,155592,2266],{"class":61},[47,155594,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155596,139],{"class":138},[47,155598,117],{"class":61},[47,155600,148430],{"class":113},[47,155602,669],{"class":61},[47,155604,436],{"class":349},[47,155606,2166],{"class":61},[47,155608,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,155610,139],{"class":138},[47,155612,117],{"class":61},[47,155614,148430],{"class":113},[47,155616,669],{"class":61},[47,155618,2670],{"class":57},[47,155620,917],{"class":349},[47,155622,2166],{"class":61},[47,155624,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,155626,139],{"class":138},[47,155628,117],{"class":61},[47,155630,2392],{"class":106},[47,155632,117],{"class":61},[47,155634,148430],{"class":113},[47,155636,2266],{"class":61},[20,155638,155639],{},"These can help you confirm:",[174,155641,155642,155645,155647,155650],{},[177,155643,155644],{},"what the tuple contains",[177,155646,61206],{},[177,155648,155649],{},"what the first and last items are",[177,155651,155652],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[33,155654,2429],{"id":2428},[244,155656,155658],{"id":155657},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155660,155661,155662,110],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155663,436],{},[244,155665,155667],{"id":155666},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155669,156,155670,155672],{},[15,155671,66277],{}," as the index:",[38,155674,155676],{"className":40,"code":155675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155677,155678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155679,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155681,148430],{"class":53},[47,155683,669],{"class":61},[47,155685,2670],{"class":57},[47,155687,917],{"class":349},[47,155689,95],{"class":61},[244,155691,155693],{"id":155692},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155695,155696],{},"Python raises:",[38,155698,155700],{"className":40,"code":155699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155701,155702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155703,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155705,71154],{"class":106},[47,155707,172],{"class":61},[47,155709,149778],{"class":106},[47,155711,155128],{"class":53},[47,155713,71346],{"class":138},[244,155715,155717],{"id":155716},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155719,155720],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[33,155722,2526],{"id":2525},[174,155724,155725,155730,155734,155738,155744],{},[177,155726,155727],{},[210,155728,155729],{"href":148415},"How to create a tuple in Python",[177,155731,155732],{},[210,155733,151329],{"href":151328},[177,155735,155736],{},[210,155737,151334],{"href":149650},[177,155739,155740],{},[210,155741,26526,155742],{"href":155254},[15,155743,155257],{},[177,155745,155746],{},[210,155747,148412],{"href":148411},[2563,155749,155750],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":155752},[155753,155754,155755,155756,155757,155758,155759,155760,155761,155762,155768],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":154516,"depth":98,"text":154517},{"id":154642,"depth":98,"text":154643},{"id":154780,"depth":98,"text":154781},{"id":154907,"depth":98,"text":154908},{"id":155032,"depth":98,"text":155033},{"id":155260,"depth":98,"text":155261},{"id":155412,"depth":98,"text":155413},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":155763},[155764,155765,155766,155767],{"id":155657,"depth":135,"text":155658},{"id":155666,"depth":135,"text":155667},{"id":155692,"depth":135,"text":155693},{"id":155716,"depth":135,"text":155717},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154373,"description":155769},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155775,"title":155776,"body":155777,"description":157666,"extension":2611,"meta":157667,"navigation":357,"path":157668,"seo":157669,"stem":157670,"__hash__":157671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155778,"toc":157623},[155779,155785,155790,155841,155845,155853,155859,155861,155877,155879,155882,155897,155899,155912,155914,155971,155975,155983,155990,155996,156002,156006,156057,156061,156069,156073,156102,156106,156114,156118,156151,156155,156163,156167,156170,156221,156225,156233,156235,156252,156256,156260,156319,156323,156331,156334,156361,156365,156373,156377,156383,156458,156462,156499,156507,156511,156574,156578,156586,156591,156595,156601,156644,156648,156656,156662,156665,156712,156716,156724,156733,156739,156794,156798,156806,156809,156813,156815,156846,156850,156869,156872,156917,156921,156944,156950,156955,156957,157004,157009,157012,157060,157064,157072,157076,157081,157085,157135,157139,157154,157158,157216,157220,157235,157239,157310,157314,157323,157327,157406,157410,157432,157440,157442,157445,157470,157472,157525,157527,157544,157546,157550,157556,157561,157566,157570,157575,157579,157584,157590,157593,157595,157620],[10,155780,155782,155783,4313],{"id":155781},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155784,11798],{},[20,155786,156,155787,155789],{},[15,155788,42776],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[38,155791,155793],{"className":40,"code":155792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155794,155795,155827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155796,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155798,332],{"class":53},[47,155800,58],{"class":57},[47,155802,9878],{"class":61},[47,155804,66],{"class":65},[47,155806,305],{"class":69},[47,155808,66],{"class":65},[47,155810,75],{"class":61},[47,155812,78],{"class":65},[47,155814,314],{"class":69},[47,155816,66],{"class":65},[47,155818,75],{"class":61},[47,155820,78],{"class":65},[47,155822,323],{"class":69},[47,155824,66],{"class":65},[47,155826,132],{"class":61},[47,155828,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155830,139],{"class":138},[47,155832,117],{"class":61},[47,155834,11798],{"class":138},[47,155836,117],{"class":61},[47,155838,367],{"class":113},[47,155840,2266],{"class":61},[20,155842,155843],{},[278,155844,372],{},[38,155846,155847],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155848,155849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155850,155851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155852,47034],{"class":349},[20,155854,156,155855,155858],{},[15,155856,155857],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[33,155860,15773],{"id":15772},[174,155862,155863,155868,155872,155875],{},[177,155864,4840,155865,155867],{},[15,155866,42776],{}," works with tuples",[177,155869,68681,155870,12336],{},[15,155871,42776],{},[177,155873,155874],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[177,155876,5162],{},[33,155878,2806],{"id":2805},[20,155880,155881],{},"Use this pattern:",[38,155883,155885],{"className":40,"code":155884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155886,155887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155888,155889,155891,155893,155895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155890,11798],{"class":138},[47,155892,117],{"class":61},[47,155894,148430],{"class":113},[47,155896,132],{"class":61},[20,155898,12092],{},[174,155900,155901,155904,155907],{},[177,155902,155903],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[177,155905,155906],{},"The result is an integer",[177,155908,155909,155911],{},[15,155910,42776],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155913,603],{},[38,155915,155917],{"className":40,"code":155916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155918,155919,155943,155957,155961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155920,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155922,4270],{"class":53},[47,155924,58],{"class":57},[47,155926,9878],{"class":61},[47,155928,2981],{"class":349},[47,155930,75],{"class":61},[47,155932,8436],{"class":349},[47,155934,75],{"class":61},[47,155936,8441],{"class":349},[47,155938,75],{"class":61},[47,155940,51262],{"class":349},[47,155942,132],{"class":61},[47,155944,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,155946,41656],{"class":53},[47,155948,58],{"class":57},[47,155950,38799],{"class":138},[47,155952,117],{"class":61},[47,155954,4300],{"class":113},[47,155956,132],{"class":61},[47,155958,155959],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,155960,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,155962,155963,155965,155967,155969],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,155964,139],{"class":138},[47,155966,117],{"class":61},[47,155968,41674],{"class":113},[47,155970,132],{"class":61},[20,155972,155973],{},[278,155974,372],{},[38,155976,155977],{"className":40,"code":49068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155978,155979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155980,155981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155982,49068],{"class":349},[20,155984,155985,155986,110],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[210,155987,4226,155988,4159],{"href":42773},[15,155989,42776],{},[33,155991,164,155993,155995],{"id":155992},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155994,42776],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155997,155998,155999,156001],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,156000,42776],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[244,156003,156005],{"id":156004},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[38,156007,156009],{"className":40,"code":156008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,156010,156011,156043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156012,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156014,36650],{"class":53},[47,156016,58],{"class":57},[47,156018,9878],{"class":61},[47,156020,66],{"class":65},[47,156022,4720],{"class":69},[47,156024,66],{"class":65},[47,156026,75],{"class":61},[47,156028,78],{"class":65},[47,156030,4729],{"class":69},[47,156032,66],{"class":65},[47,156034,75],{"class":61},[47,156036,78],{"class":65},[47,156038,33628],{"class":69},[47,156040,66],{"class":65},[47,156042,132],{"class":61},[47,156044,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156046,139],{"class":138},[47,156048,117],{"class":61},[47,156050,11798],{"class":138},[47,156052,117],{"class":61},[47,156054,36702],{"class":113},[47,156056,2266],{"class":61},[20,156058,156059],{},[278,156060,372],{},[38,156062,156063],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156064,156065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156066,156067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156068,47034],{"class":349},[244,156070,156072],{"id":156071},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[38,156074,156076],{"className":40,"code":156075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,156077,156078,156087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156079,156080,156083,156085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156081,156082],{"class":53},"empty_tuple ",[47,156084,58],{"class":57},[47,156086,149754],{"class":61},[47,156088,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156100],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156090,139],{"class":138},[47,156092,117],{"class":61},[47,156094,11798],{"class":138},[47,156096,117],{"class":61},[47,156098,156099],{"class":113},"empty_tuple",[47,156101,2266],{"class":61},[20,156103,156104],{},[278,156105,372],{},[38,156107,156108],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156109,156110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156111,156112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156113,47669],{"class":349},[244,156115,156117],{"id":156116},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[38,156119,156121],{"className":40,"code":156120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,156122,156123,156136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156124,156125,156128,156130,156132,156134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156126,156127],{"class":53},"single_value ",[47,156129,58],{"class":57},[47,156131,9878],{"class":61},[47,156133,2784],{"class":349},[47,156135,149768],{"class":61},[47,156137,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146,156149],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156139,139],{"class":138},[47,156141,117],{"class":61},[47,156143,11798],{"class":138},[47,156145,117],{"class":61},[47,156147,156148],{"class":113},"single_value",[47,156150,2266],{"class":61},[20,156152,156153],{},[278,156154,372],{},[38,156156,156157],{"className":40,"code":47334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156158,156159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156160,156161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156162,47334],{"class":349},[244,156164,156166],{"id":156165},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156168,156169],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[38,156171,156173],{"className":40,"code":156172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156174,156175,156207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156176,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156178,872],{"class":53},[47,156180,58],{"class":57},[47,156182,9878],{"class":61},[47,156184,917],{"class":349},[47,156186,75],{"class":61},[47,156188,9878],{"class":61},[47,156190,2705],{"class":349},[47,156192,75],{"class":61},[47,156194,2414],{"class":349},[47,156196,9875],{"class":61},[47,156198,62],{"class":61},[47,156200,3156],{"class":349},[47,156202,75],{"class":61},[47,156204,5249],{"class":349},[47,156206,2166],{"class":61},[47,156208,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156210,139],{"class":138},[47,156212,117],{"class":61},[47,156214,11798],{"class":138},[47,156216,117],{"class":61},[47,156218,898],{"class":113},[47,156220,2266],{"class":61},[20,156222,156223],{},[278,156224,372],{},[38,156226,156227],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156228,156229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156230,156231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156232,47034],{"class":349},[20,156234,20358],{},[174,156236,156237,156242,156247],{},[177,156238,156239,156241],{},[15,156240,917],{}," is one item",[177,156243,156244,156241],{},[15,156245,156246],{},"(2, 3)",[177,156248,156249,156241],{},[15,156250,156251],{},"[4, 5]",[33,156253,156255],{"id":156254},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[244,156257,156259],{"id":156258},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[38,156261,156263],{"className":40,"code":156262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156264,156265,156305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156266,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156268,332],{"class":53},[47,156270,58],{"class":57},[47,156272,9878],{"class":61},[47,156274,66],{"class":65},[47,156276,305],{"class":69},[47,156278,66],{"class":65},[47,156280,75],{"class":61},[47,156282,78],{"class":65},[47,156284,314],{"class":69},[47,156286,66],{"class":65},[47,156288,75],{"class":61},[47,156290,78],{"class":65},[47,156292,323],{"class":69},[47,156294,66],{"class":65},[47,156296,75],{"class":61},[47,156298,78],{"class":65},[47,156300,22926],{"class":69},[47,156302,66],{"class":65},[47,156304,132],{"class":61},[47,156306,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156308,139],{"class":138},[47,156310,117],{"class":61},[47,156312,11798],{"class":138},[47,156314,117],{"class":61},[47,156316,367],{"class":113},[47,156318,2266],{"class":61},[20,156320,156321],{},[278,156322,372],{},[38,156324,156325],{"className":40,"code":49068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156326,156327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156328,156329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156330,49068],{"class":349},[244,156332,156072],{"id":156333},"empty-tuple-1",[38,156335,156337],{"className":40,"code":156336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156338,156339,156347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156340,156341,156343,156345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156342,8425],{"class":53},[47,156344,58],{"class":57},[47,156346,149754],{"class":61},[47,156348,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156350,139],{"class":138},[47,156352,117],{"class":61},[47,156354,11798],{"class":138},[47,156356,117],{"class":61},[47,156358,8456],{"class":113},[47,156360,2266],{"class":61},[20,156362,156363],{},[278,156364,372],{},[38,156366,156367],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156368,156369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156370,156371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156372,47669],{"class":349},[244,156374,156376],{"id":156375},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156378,156379,156380,156382],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[278,156381,1369],{}," always a tuple.",[38,156384,156386],{"className":40,"code":156385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156387,156388,156400,156412,156416,156430,156444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156389,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156391,3206],{"class":53},[47,156393,58],{"class":57},[47,156395,9878],{"class":61},[47,156397,2784],{"class":349},[47,156399,132],{"class":61},[47,156401,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156403,3234],{"class":53},[47,156405,58],{"class":57},[47,156407,9878],{"class":61},[47,156409,2784],{"class":349},[47,156411,149768],{"class":61},[47,156413,156414],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,156415,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,156417,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,156419,139],{"class":138},[47,156421,117],{"class":61},[47,156423,2392],{"class":106},[47,156425,117],{"class":61},[47,156427,210],{"class":113},[47,156429,2266],{"class":61},[47,156431,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,156433,139],{"class":138},[47,156435,117],{"class":61},[47,156437,2392],{"class":106},[47,156439,117],{"class":61},[47,156441,854],{"class":113},[47,156443,2266],{"class":61},[47,156445,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,156447,139],{"class":138},[47,156449,117],{"class":61},[47,156451,11798],{"class":138},[47,156453,117],{"class":61},[47,156455,854],{"class":113},[47,156457,2266],{"class":61},[20,156459,156460],{},[278,156461,372],{},[38,156463,156465],{"className":40,"code":156464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156466,156467,156481,156495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156468,156469,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156470,3941],{"class":57},[47,156472,3944],{"class":2714},[47,156474,398],{"class":65},[47,156476,2837],{"class":69},[47,156478,385],{"class":65},[47,156480,3953],{"class":57},[47,156482,156483,156485,156487,156489,156491,156493],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156484,3941],{"class":57},[47,156486,3944],{"class":2714},[47,156488,398],{"class":65},[47,156490,49371],{"class":69},[47,156492,385],{"class":65},[47,156494,3953],{"class":57},[47,156496,156497],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,156498,47334],{"class":349},[20,156500,156501,156502,5036,156505,110],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[210,156503,156504],{"href":148415},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[210,156506,149716],{"href":149715},[244,156508,156510],{"id":156509},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[38,156512,156514],{"className":40,"code":156513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156515,156516,156560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156517,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156519,59894],{"class":53},[47,156521,58],{"class":57},[47,156523,9878],{"class":61},[47,156525,66],{"class":65},[47,156527,4720],{"class":69},[47,156529,66],{"class":65},[47,156531,75],{"class":61},[47,156533,62],{"class":61},[47,156535,917],{"class":349},[47,156537,75],{"class":61},[47,156539,2409],{"class":349},[47,156541,959],{"class":61},[47,156543,9878],{"class":61},[47,156545,66],{"class":65},[47,156547,1995],{"class":69},[47,156549,66],{"class":65},[47,156551,75],{"class":61},[47,156553,78],{"class":65},[47,156555,2161],{"class":69},[47,156557,66],{"class":65},[47,156559,2266],{"class":61},[47,156561,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156563,139],{"class":138},[47,156565,117],{"class":61},[47,156567,11798],{"class":138},[47,156569,117],{"class":61},[47,156571,59947],{"class":113},[47,156573,2266],{"class":61},[20,156575,156576],{},[278,156577,372],{},[38,156579,156580],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156581,156582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156583,156584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156585,47034],{"class":349},[20,156587,156588,156590],{},[15,156589,42776],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[33,156592,156594],{"id":156593},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[244,156596,156598,156600],{"id":156597},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156599,42776],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[38,156602,156604],{"className":40,"code":156603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156605,156606,156630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156607,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156609,4711],{"class":53},[47,156611,58],{"class":57},[47,156613,9878],{"class":61},[47,156615,66],{"class":65},[47,156617,64018],{"class":69},[47,156619,66],{"class":65},[47,156621,75],{"class":61},[47,156623,78],{"class":65},[47,156625,42],{"class":69},[47,156627,66],{"class":65},[47,156629,132],{"class":61},[47,156631,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156633,139],{"class":138},[47,156635,117],{"class":61},[47,156637,11798],{"class":138},[47,156639,117],{"class":61},[47,156641,4755],{"class":113},[47,156643,2266],{"class":61},[20,156645,156646],{},[278,156647,372],{},[38,156649,156650],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156651,156652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156653,156654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156655,17665],{"class":349},[20,156657,156658,156659,156661],{},"This result is ",[15,156660,2705],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156663,156664],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[38,156666,156668],{"className":40,"code":156667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156669,156670,156694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156671,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156673,4711],{"class":53},[47,156675,58],{"class":57},[47,156677,9878],{"class":61},[47,156679,66],{"class":65},[47,156681,64018],{"class":69},[47,156683,66],{"class":65},[47,156685,75],{"class":61},[47,156687,78],{"class":65},[47,156689,42],{"class":69},[47,156691,66],{"class":65},[47,156693,132],{"class":61},[47,156695,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156697,139],{"class":138},[47,156699,117],{"class":61},[47,156701,11798],{"class":138},[47,156703,117],{"class":61},[47,156705,4755],{"class":113},[47,156707,669],{"class":61},[47,156709,436],{"class":349},[47,156711,3649],{"class":61},[20,156713,156714],{},[278,156715,372],{},[38,156717,156718],{"className":40,"code":17665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156719,156720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156721,156722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156723,17665],{"class":349},[20,156725,21172,156726,156729,156730,110],{},[15,156727,156728],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156731,156732],{},"\"hi\"",[244,156734,156736,156738],{"id":156735},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156737,42776],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[38,156740,156742],{"className":40,"code":156741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156743,156744,156780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156745,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156747,4470],{"class":53},[47,156749,58],{"class":57},[47,156751,10633],{"class":61},[47,156753,917],{"class":349},[47,156755,75],{"class":61},[47,156757,2409],{"class":349},[47,156759,9875],{"class":61},[47,156761,9878],{"class":61},[47,156763,2711],{"class":349},[47,156765,75],{"class":61},[47,156767,3108],{"class":349},[47,156769,9875],{"class":61},[47,156771,9878],{"class":61},[47,156773,2784],{"class":349},[47,156775,75],{"class":61},[47,156777,38056],{"class":349},[47,156779,2266],{"class":61},[47,156781,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156783,139],{"class":138},[47,156785,117],{"class":61},[47,156787,11798],{"class":138},[47,156789,117],{"class":61},[47,156791,6003],{"class":113},[47,156793,2266],{"class":61},[20,156795,156796],{},[278,156797,372],{},[38,156799,156800],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156801,156802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156803,156804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156805,47034],{"class":349},[20,156807,156808],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[244,156810,156812],{"id":156811},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156814,26094],{},[38,156816,156818],{"className":40,"code":156817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156819,156820,156832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156821,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156823,3098],{"class":53},[47,156825,58],{"class":57},[47,156827,9878],{"class":61},[47,156829,2981],{"class":349},[47,156831,132],{"class":61},[47,156833,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156835,139],{"class":138},[47,156837,117],{"class":61},[47,156839,2392],{"class":106},[47,156841,117],{"class":61},[47,156843,259],{"class":113},[47,156845,2266],{"class":61},[20,156847,156848],{},[278,156849,372],{},[38,156851,156853],{"className":40,"code":156852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156854,156855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156856,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156858,3941],{"class":57},[47,156860,3944],{"class":2714},[47,156862,398],{"class":65},[47,156864,2837],{"class":69},[47,156866,385],{"class":65},[47,156868,3953],{"class":57},[20,156870,156871],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[38,156873,156875],{"className":40,"code":156874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156876,156877,156889,156903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156878,156879,156881,156883,156885,156887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156880,3098],{"class":53},[47,156882,58],{"class":57},[47,156884,9878],{"class":61},[47,156886,2981],{"class":349},[47,156888,149768],{"class":61},[47,156890,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156892,139],{"class":138},[47,156894,117],{"class":61},[47,156896,2392],{"class":106},[47,156898,117],{"class":61},[47,156900,259],{"class":113},[47,156902,2266],{"class":61},[47,156904,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,156906,139],{"class":138},[47,156908,117],{"class":61},[47,156910,11798],{"class":138},[47,156912,117],{"class":61},[47,156914,259],{"class":113},[47,156916,2266],{"class":61},[20,156918,156919],{},[278,156920,372],{},[38,156922,156924],{"className":40,"code":156923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156925,156926,156940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156927,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156929,3941],{"class":57},[47,156931,3944],{"class":2714},[47,156933,398],{"class":65},[47,156935,49371],{"class":69},[47,156937,385],{"class":65},[47,156939,3953],{"class":57},[47,156941,156942],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156943,47334],{"class":349},[244,156945,156947,156949],{"id":156946},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156948,11798],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156951,44845,156952,156954],{},[15,156953,11798],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156956,44876],{},[38,156958,156960],{"className":40,"code":156959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156961,156962,156970,156990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156963,156964,156966,156968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156965,11798],{"class":138},[47,156967,681],{"class":57},[47,156969,3239],{"class":349},[47,156971,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,156973,4270],{"class":53},[47,156975,58],{"class":57},[47,156977,9878],{"class":61},[47,156979,917],{"class":349},[47,156981,75],{"class":61},[47,156983,2409],{"class":349},[47,156985,75],{"class":61},[47,156987,2414],{"class":349},[47,156989,132],{"class":61},[47,156991,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,156993,139],{"class":138},[47,156995,117],{"class":61},[47,156997,11798],{"class":138},[47,156999,117],{"class":61},[47,157001,4300],{"class":113},[47,157003,2266],{"class":61},[20,157005,40067,157006,157008],{},[15,157007,11798],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,157010,157011],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[38,157013,157015],{"className":40,"code":157014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157016,157017,157026,157046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157018,157019,157022,157024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157020,157021],{"class":53},"length_value ",[47,157023,58],{"class":57},[47,157025,3239],{"class":349},[47,157027,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157029,4270],{"class":53},[47,157031,58],{"class":57},[47,157033,9878],{"class":61},[47,157035,917],{"class":349},[47,157037,75],{"class":61},[47,157039,2409],{"class":349},[47,157041,75],{"class":61},[47,157043,2414],{"class":349},[47,157045,132],{"class":61},[47,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157049,139],{"class":138},[47,157051,117],{"class":61},[47,157053,11798],{"class":138},[47,157055,117],{"class":61},[47,157057,4300],{"class":113},[47,157059,2266],{"class":61},[20,157061,157062],{},[278,157063,372],{},[38,157065,157066],{"className":40,"code":47034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157067,157068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157069,157070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157071,47034],{"class":349},[33,157073,157075],{"id":157074},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,157077,157078,157080],{},[15,157079,42776],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[244,157082,157084],{"id":157083},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[38,157086,157088],{"className":40,"code":157087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,157089,157090,157098,157102,157120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157091,157092,157094,157096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157093,8425],{"class":53},[47,157095,58],{"class":57},[47,157097,149754],{"class":61},[47,157099,157100],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157101,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,157103,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157105,7642],{"class":1107},[47,157107,38799],{"class":138},[47,157109,117],{"class":61},[47,157111,8456],{"class":113},[47,157113,4313],{"class":61},[47,157115,7053],{"class":57},[47,157117,350],{"class":349},[47,157119,7038],{"class":61},[47,157121,157122,157124,157126,157128,157131,157133],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,157123,8715],{"class":138},[47,157125,117],{"class":61},[47,157127,66],{"class":65},[47,157129,157130],{"class":69},"The tuple is empty",[47,157132,66],{"class":65},[47,157134,132],{"class":61},[20,157136,157137],{},[278,157138,372],{},[38,157140,157142],{"className":40,"code":157141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157143,157144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157145,157146,157148,157150,157152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157147,2628],{"class":53},[47,157149,49371],{"class":106},[47,157151,8742],{"class":57},[47,157153,8748],{"class":53},[244,157155,157157],{"id":157156},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[38,157159,157161],{"className":40,"code":157160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157162,157163,157179,157183,157201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157164,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157166,51804],{"class":53},[47,157168,58],{"class":57},[47,157170,9878],{"class":61},[47,157172,3156],{"class":349},[47,157174,75],{"class":61},[47,157176,6637],{"class":349},[47,157178,132],{"class":61},[47,157180,157181],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157182,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,157184,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157186,7642],{"class":1107},[47,157188,38799],{"class":138},[47,157190,117],{"class":61},[47,157192,51829],{"class":113},[47,157194,4313],{"class":61},[47,157196,7053],{"class":57},[47,157198,2409],{"class":349},[47,157200,7038],{"class":61},[47,157202,157203,157205,157207,157209,157212,157214],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,157204,8715],{"class":138},[47,157206,117],{"class":61},[47,157208,66],{"class":65},[47,157210,157211],{"class":69},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[47,157213,66],{"class":65},[47,157215,132],{"class":61},[20,157217,157218],{},[278,157219,372],{},[38,157221,157223],{"className":40,"code":157222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157224,157225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157226,157227,157230,157232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157228,157229],{"class":53},"This looks like an x",[47,157231,75],{"class":61},[47,157233,157234],{"class":53}," y coordinate\n",[244,157236,157238],{"id":157237},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[38,157240,157242],{"className":40,"code":157241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157243,157244,157273,157277,157295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157245,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157269,157271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157247,12122],{"class":53},[47,157249,58],{"class":57},[47,157251,9878],{"class":61},[47,157253,66],{"class":65},[47,157255,13508],{"class":69},[47,157257,66],{"class":65},[47,157259,75],{"class":61},[47,157261,9946],{"class":349},[47,157263,75],{"class":61},[47,157265,78],{"class":65},[47,157267,157268],{"class":69},"Canada",[47,157270,66],{"class":65},[47,157272,132],{"class":61},[47,157274,157275],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157276,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,157278,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157280,7642],{"class":1107},[47,157282,38799],{"class":138},[47,157284,117],{"class":61},[47,157286,12213],{"class":113},[47,157288,4313],{"class":61},[47,157290,7053],{"class":57},[47,157292,2414],{"class":349},[47,157294,7038],{"class":61},[47,157296,157297,157299,157301,157303,157306,157308],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,157298,8715],{"class":138},[47,157300,117],{"class":61},[47,157302,66],{"class":65},[47,157304,157305],{"class":69},"User record has the expected number of values",[47,157307,66],{"class":65},[47,157309,132],{"class":61},[20,157311,157312],{},[278,157313,372],{},[38,157315,157317],{"className":40,"code":157316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157318,157319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157320,157321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157322,157316],{"class":53},[244,157324,157326],{"id":157325},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[38,157328,157330],{"className":40,"code":157329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157331,157332,157364,157368,157388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157333,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157335,36501],{"class":53},[47,157337,58],{"class":57},[47,157339,9878],{"class":61},[47,157341,66],{"class":65},[47,157343,210],{"class":69},[47,157345,66],{"class":65},[47,157347,75],{"class":61},[47,157349,78],{"class":65},[47,157351,854],{"class":69},[47,157353,66],{"class":65},[47,157355,75],{"class":61},[47,157357,78],{"class":65},[47,157359,863],{"class":69},[47,157361,66],{"class":65},[47,157363,132],{"class":61},[47,157365,157366],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157367,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,157369,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157371,6601],{"class":1107},[47,157373,69971],{"class":53},[47,157375,1114],{"class":1107},[47,157377,54490],{"class":138},[47,157379,117],{"class":61},[47,157381,11798],{"class":138},[47,157383,117],{"class":61},[47,157385,36554],{"class":113},[47,157387,69986],{"class":61},[47,157389,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,157391,8715],{"class":138},[47,157393,117],{"class":61},[47,157395,36565],{"class":113},[47,157397,75],{"class":61},[47,157399,70519],{"class":113},[47,157401,669],{"class":61},[47,157403,36565],{"class":113},[47,157405,2166],{"class":61},[20,157407,157408],{},[278,157409,372],{},[38,157411,157412],{"className":40,"code":36577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157413,157414,157420,157426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157415,157416,157418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157417,436],{"class":349},[47,157419,36586],{"class":53},[47,157421,157422,157424],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157423,917],{"class":349},[47,157425,36593],{"class":53},[47,157427,157428,157430],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157429,2705],{"class":349},[47,157431,36600],{"class":53},[20,157433,157434,157435,157437,157438,110],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[210,157436,150085],{"href":150084},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[210,157439,151329],{"href":151328},[33,157441,1641],{"id":1640},[20,157443,157444],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[174,157446,157447,157455,157462,157467],{},[177,157448,157449,157450,11728,157453],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157451,157452],{},"(5)",[15,157454,149919],{},[177,157456,453,157457,157459,157460],{},[15,157458,11798],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157461,42776],{},[177,157463,1968,157464,157466],{},[15,157465,42776],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[177,157468,157469],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157471,32489],{},[38,157473,157475],{"className":40,"code":157474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157476,157477,157487,157501,157515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157478,157479,157481,157483,157485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157480,139],{"class":138},[47,157482,117],{"class":61},[47,157484,148430],{"class":113},[47,157486,132],{"class":61},[47,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157490,139],{"class":138},[47,157492,117],{"class":61},[47,157494,2392],{"class":106},[47,157496,117],{"class":61},[47,157498,148430],{"class":113},[47,157500,2266],{"class":61},[47,157502,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157504,139],{"class":138},[47,157506,117],{"class":61},[47,157508,11798],{"class":138},[47,157510,117],{"class":61},[47,157512,148430],{"class":113},[47,157514,2266],{"class":61},[47,157516,157517,157519,157521,157523],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,157518,32559],{"class":138},[47,157520,117],{"class":61},[47,157522,11798],{"class":138},[47,157524,132],{"class":61},[20,157526,155639],{},[174,157528,157529,157532,157535,157539],{},[177,157530,157531],{},"what value you are using",[177,157533,157534],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[177,157536,26423,157537,12336],{},[15,157538,42776],{},[177,157540,123803,157541,157543],{},[15,157542,42776],{}," is documented in Python",[33,157545,2429],{"id":2428},[244,157547,157549],{"id":157548},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157551,156,157552,157555],{},[15,157553,157554],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[244,157557,2433,157559,149589],{"id":157558},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157560,42776],{},[20,157562,46782,157563,157565],{},[15,157564,42776],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[244,157567,157569],{"id":157568},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157571,157572,157573,110],{},"The length is ",[15,157574,436],{},[244,157576,157578],{"id":157577},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157580,151275,157581,157583],{},[15,157582,151278],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[244,157585,2433,157587,157589],{"id":157586},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157588,42776],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157591,157592],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[33,157594,2526],{"id":2525},[174,157596,157597,157603,157607,157611,157615],{},[177,157598,157599],{},[210,157600,4226,157601,4159],{"href":42773},[15,157602,42776],{},[177,157604,157605],{},[210,157606,156504],{"href":148415},[177,157608,157609],{},[210,157610,150085],{"href":150084},[177,157612,157613],{},[210,157614,151329],{"href":151328},[177,157616,157617],{},[210,157618,157619],{"href":149715},"What is a tuple in Python",[2563,157621,157622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":157624},[157625,157626,157627,157634,157640,157649,157655,157656,157665],{"id":15772,"depth":98,"text":15773},{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":155992,"depth":98,"text":157628,"children":157629},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157630,157631,157632,157633],{"id":156004,"depth":135,"text":156005},{"id":156071,"depth":135,"text":156072},{"id":156116,"depth":135,"text":156117},{"id":156165,"depth":135,"text":156166},{"id":156254,"depth":98,"text":156255,"children":157635},[157636,157637,157638,157639],{"id":156258,"depth":135,"text":156259},{"id":156333,"depth":135,"text":156072},{"id":156375,"depth":135,"text":156376},{"id":156509,"depth":135,"text":156510},{"id":156593,"depth":98,"text":156594,"children":157641},[157642,157644,157646,157647],{"id":156597,"depth":135,"text":157643},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156735,"depth":135,"text":157645},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156811,"depth":135,"text":156812},{"id":156946,"depth":135,"text":157648},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157074,"depth":98,"text":157075,"children":157650},[157651,157652,157653,157654],{"id":157083,"depth":135,"text":157084},{"id":157156,"depth":135,"text":157157},{"id":157237,"depth":135,"text":157238},{"id":157325,"depth":135,"text":157326},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":157657},[157658,157659,157661,157662,157663],{"id":157548,"depth":135,"text":157549},{"id":157558,"depth":135,"text":157660},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157568,"depth":135,"text":157569},{"id":157577,"depth":135,"text":157578},{"id":157586,"depth":135,"text":157664},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155776,"description":157666},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157673,"title":157674,"body":157675,"description":160060,"extension":2611,"meta":160061,"navigation":357,"path":160062,"seo":160063,"stem":160064,"__hash__":160065},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157676,"toc":160021},[157677,157680,157683,157686,157709,157715,157717,157828,157832,157835,157845,157847,157946,157948,158025,158031,158035,158038,158061,158064,158081,158084,158086,158149,158151,158168,158179,158184,158186,158189,158195,158246,158248,158268,158272,158323,158325,158346,158350,158405,158407,158428,158432,158487,158489,158510,158514,158567,158569,158598,158600,158602,158605,158609,158666,158668,158689,158693,158746,158748,158773,158778,158782,158787,158805,158808,158871,158873,158894,158897,158958,158960,158981,158984,159027,159030,159034,159039,159043,159122,159124,159155,159159,159234,159236,159263,159267,159314,159316,159324,159329,159333,159336,159351,159353,159441,159443,159468,159471,159514,159523,159525,159528,159543,159546,159550,159604,159606,159626,159631,159635,159637,159675,159678,159728,159732,159805,159807,159844,159847,159849,159852,159872,159875,159944,159946,159959,159961,159965,159968,159972,159975,159980,159983,159989,159994,159996,160018],[10,157678,157674],{"id":157679},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157681,157682],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157684,157685],{},"Use this format:",[38,157687,157689],{"className":40,"code":157688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157690,157691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157692,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157694,49371],{"class":53},[47,157696,669],{"class":61},[47,157698,36483],{"class":53},[47,157700,172],{"class":61},[47,157702,75849],{"class":53},[47,157704,172],{"class":61},[47,157706,75852],{"class":53},[47,157708,95],{"class":61},[20,157710,2628,157711,75885,157713,110],{},[15,157712,75849],{},[278,157714,65492],{},[33,157716,36],{"id":35},[38,157718,157720],{"className":40,"code":157719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157721,157722,157750,157754,157775,157792,157809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157723,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157725,4270],{"class":53},[47,157727,58],{"class":57},[47,157729,9878],{"class":61},[47,157731,2981],{"class":349},[47,157733,75],{"class":61},[47,157735,8436],{"class":349},[47,157737,75],{"class":61},[47,157739,8441],{"class":349},[47,157741,75],{"class":61},[47,157743,51262],{"class":349},[47,157745,75],{"class":61},[47,157747,5723],{"class":349},[47,157749,132],{"class":61},[47,157751,157752],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157753,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,157755,157756,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157757,139],{"class":138},[47,157759,117],{"class":61},[47,157761,4300],{"class":113},[47,157763,669],{"class":61},[47,157765,917],{"class":349},[47,157767,172],{"class":61},[47,157769,3156],{"class":349},[47,157771,20847],{"class":61},[47,157773,157774],{"class":152},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[47,157776,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,157778,139],{"class":138},[47,157780,117],{"class":61},[47,157782,4300],{"class":113},[47,157784,75958],{"class":61},[47,157786,2711],{"class":349},[47,157788,20847],{"class":61},[47,157790,157791],{"class":152},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[47,157793,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,157795,139],{"class":138},[47,157797,117],{"class":61},[47,157799,4300],{"class":113},[47,157801,74545],{"class":61},[47,157803,2705],{"class":349},[47,157805,20847],{"class":61},[47,157807,157808],{"class":152},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[47,157810,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,157812,139],{"class":138},[47,157814,117],{"class":61},[47,157816,4300],{"class":113},[47,157818,74545],{"class":61},[47,157820,2670],{"class":57},[47,157822,917],{"class":349},[47,157824,20847],{"class":61},[47,157826,157827],{"class":152},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[33,157829,157831],{"id":157830},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157833,157834],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[174,157836,157837,157839,157842],{},[177,157838,76152],{},[177,157840,157841],{},"The result is a new tuple",[177,157843,157844],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157846,603],{},[38,157848,157850],{"className":40,"code":157849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157851,157852,157900,157904,157922,157926,157936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157853,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157855,36501],{"class":53},[47,157857,58],{"class":57},[47,157859,9878],{"class":61},[47,157861,66],{"class":65},[47,157863,210],{"class":69},[47,157865,66],{"class":65},[47,157867,75],{"class":61},[47,157869,78],{"class":65},[47,157871,854],{"class":69},[47,157873,66],{"class":65},[47,157875,75],{"class":61},[47,157877,78],{"class":65},[47,157879,863],{"class":69},[47,157881,66],{"class":65},[47,157883,75],{"class":61},[47,157885,78],{"class":65},[47,157887,1693],{"class":69},[47,157889,66],{"class":65},[47,157891,75],{"class":61},[47,157893,78],{"class":65},[47,157895,60869],{"class":69},[47,157897,66],{"class":65},[47,157899,132],{"class":61},[47,157901,157902],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157903,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,157905,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,157907,76082],{"class":53},[47,157909,58],{"class":57},[47,157911,70519],{"class":53},[47,157913,669],{"class":61},[47,157915,917],{"class":349},[47,157917,172],{"class":61},[47,157919,3156],{"class":349},[47,157921,95],{"class":61},[47,157923,157924],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,157925,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,157927,157928,157930,157932,157934],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,157929,139],{"class":138},[47,157931,117],{"class":61},[47,157933,76105],{"class":113},[47,157935,132],{"class":61},[47,157937,157938,157940,157942,157944],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,157939,139],{"class":138},[47,157941,117],{"class":61},[47,157943,36554],{"class":113},[47,157945,132],{"class":61},[20,157947,372],{},[38,157949,157951],{"className":40,"code":157950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157952,157953,157981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157954,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157956,117],{"class":61},[47,157958,385],{"class":65},[47,157960,854],{"class":69},[47,157962,385],{"class":65},[47,157964,75],{"class":61},[47,157966,398],{"class":65},[47,157968,863],{"class":69},[47,157970,385],{"class":65},[47,157972,75],{"class":61},[47,157974,398],{"class":65},[47,157976,1693],{"class":69},[47,157978,385],{"class":65},[47,157980,132],{"class":61},[47,157982,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,157984,117],{"class":61},[47,157986,385],{"class":65},[47,157988,210],{"class":69},[47,157990,385],{"class":65},[47,157992,75],{"class":61},[47,157994,398],{"class":65},[47,157996,854],{"class":69},[47,157998,385],{"class":65},[47,158000,75],{"class":61},[47,158002,398],{"class":65},[47,158004,863],{"class":69},[47,158006,385],{"class":65},[47,158008,75],{"class":61},[47,158010,398],{"class":65},[47,158012,1693],{"class":69},[47,158014,385],{"class":65},[47,158016,75],{"class":61},[47,158018,398],{"class":65},[47,158020,60869],{"class":69},[47,158022,385],{"class":65},[47,158024,132],{"class":61},[20,158026,158027,158028,110],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[210,158029,148412],{"href":158030},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[33,158032,158034],{"id":158033},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,158036,158037],{},"The full syntax is:",[38,158039,158041],{"className":40,"code":158040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,158042,158043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158044,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158046,148430],{"class":53},[47,158048,669],{"class":61},[47,158050,36483],{"class":53},[47,158052,172],{"class":61},[47,158054,75849],{"class":53},[47,158056,172],{"class":61},[47,158058,75852],{"class":53},[47,158060,95],{"class":61},[20,158062,158063],{},"Each part has a job:",[174,158065,158066,158071,158076],{},[177,158067,158068,158070],{},[15,158069,36483],{},": where slicing begins",[177,158072,158073,158075],{},[15,158074,75849],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[177,158077,158078,158080],{},[15,158079,75852],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,158082,158083],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,158085,603],{},[38,158087,158089],{"className":40,"code":158088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,158090,158091,158123,158127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158092,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158094,4270],{"class":53},[47,158096,58],{"class":57},[47,158098,9878],{"class":61},[47,158100,2981],{"class":349},[47,158102,75],{"class":61},[47,158104,8436],{"class":349},[47,158106,75],{"class":61},[47,158108,8441],{"class":349},[47,158110,75],{"class":61},[47,158112,51262],{"class":349},[47,158114,75],{"class":61},[47,158116,5723],{"class":349},[47,158118,75],{"class":61},[47,158120,76523],{"class":349},[47,158122,132],{"class":61},[47,158124,158125],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158126,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158128,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158130,139],{"class":138},[47,158132,117],{"class":61},[47,158134,4300],{"class":113},[47,158136,669],{"class":61},[47,158138,917],{"class":349},[47,158140,172],{"class":61},[47,158142,2784],{"class":349},[47,158144,172],{"class":61},[47,158146,2705],{"class":349},[47,158148,2166],{"class":61},[20,158150,372],{},[38,158152,158154],{"className":40,"code":158153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158155,158156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158157,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158159,117],{"class":61},[47,158161,16364],{"class":349},[47,158163,75],{"class":61},[47,158165,51262],{"class":349},[47,158167,132],{"class":61},[20,158169,158170,158171,158173,158174,158176,158177,110],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158172,917],{},", stops before index ",[15,158175,2784],{},", and moves by ",[15,158178,2705],{},[20,158180,158181,158182,110],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[210,158183,150085],{"href":153511},[33,158185,76439],{"id":76438},[20,158187,158188],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[244,158190,158192,158193,6609],{"id":158191},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158194,76453],{},[38,158196,158198],{"className":40,"code":158197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158199,158200,158228,158232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158201,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158203,4270],{"class":53},[47,158205,58],{"class":57},[47,158207,9878],{"class":61},[47,158209,2981],{"class":349},[47,158211,75],{"class":61},[47,158213,8436],{"class":349},[47,158215,75],{"class":61},[47,158217,8441],{"class":349},[47,158219,75],{"class":61},[47,158221,51262],{"class":349},[47,158223,75],{"class":61},[47,158225,5723],{"class":349},[47,158227,132],{"class":61},[47,158229,158230],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158231,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158233,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158235,139],{"class":138},[47,158237,117],{"class":61},[47,158239,4300],{"class":113},[47,158241,75958],{"class":61},[47,158243,2711],{"class":349},[47,158245,2166],{"class":61},[20,158247,372],{},[38,158249,158250],{"className":40,"code":151777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158251,158252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158253,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158255,117],{"class":61},[47,158257,2981],{"class":349},[47,158259,75],{"class":61},[47,158261,8436],{"class":349},[47,158263,75],{"class":61},[47,158265,8441],{"class":349},[47,158267,132],{"class":61},[244,158269,158271],{"id":158270},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[38,158273,158275],{"className":40,"code":158274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158276,158277,158305,158309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158278,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158280,4270],{"class":53},[47,158282,58],{"class":57},[47,158284,9878],{"class":61},[47,158286,2981],{"class":349},[47,158288,75],{"class":61},[47,158290,8436],{"class":349},[47,158292,75],{"class":61},[47,158294,8441],{"class":349},[47,158296,75],{"class":61},[47,158298,51262],{"class":349},[47,158300,75],{"class":61},[47,158302,5723],{"class":349},[47,158304,132],{"class":61},[47,158306,158307],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158308,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158310,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158312,139],{"class":138},[47,158314,117],{"class":61},[47,158316,4300],{"class":113},[47,158318,669],{"class":61},[47,158320,2705],{"class":349},[47,158322,78139],{"class":61},[20,158324,372],{},[38,158326,158328],{"className":40,"code":158327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158329,158330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158331,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158333,117],{"class":61},[47,158335,37253],{"class":349},[47,158337,75],{"class":61},[47,158339,51262],{"class":349},[47,158341,75],{"class":61},[47,158343,5723],{"class":349},[47,158345,132],{"class":61},[244,158347,158349],{"id":158348},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[38,158351,158353],{"className":40,"code":158352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158354,158355,158383,158387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158356,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158358,4270],{"class":53},[47,158360,58],{"class":57},[47,158362,9878],{"class":61},[47,158364,2981],{"class":349},[47,158366,75],{"class":61},[47,158368,8436],{"class":349},[47,158370,75],{"class":61},[47,158372,8441],{"class":349},[47,158374,75],{"class":61},[47,158376,51262],{"class":349},[47,158378,75],{"class":61},[47,158380,5723],{"class":349},[47,158382,132],{"class":61},[47,158384,158385],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158386,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158388,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158390,139],{"class":138},[47,158392,117],{"class":61},[47,158394,4300],{"class":113},[47,158396,669],{"class":61},[47,158398,917],{"class":349},[47,158400,172],{"class":61},[47,158402,3156],{"class":349},[47,158404,2166],{"class":61},[20,158406,372],{},[38,158408,158410],{"className":40,"code":158409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158411,158412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158413,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158415,117],{"class":61},[47,158417,16364],{"class":349},[47,158419,75],{"class":61},[47,158421,8441],{"class":349},[47,158423,75],{"class":61},[47,158425,51262],{"class":349},[47,158427,132],{"class":61},[244,158429,158431],{"id":158430},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[38,158433,158435],{"className":40,"code":158434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158436,158437,158469,158473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158438,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158440,4270],{"class":53},[47,158442,58],{"class":57},[47,158444,9878],{"class":61},[47,158446,2981],{"class":349},[47,158448,75],{"class":61},[47,158450,8436],{"class":349},[47,158452,75],{"class":61},[47,158454,8441],{"class":349},[47,158456,75],{"class":61},[47,158458,51262],{"class":349},[47,158460,75],{"class":61},[47,158462,5723],{"class":349},[47,158464,75],{"class":61},[47,158466,76523],{"class":349},[47,158468,132],{"class":61},[47,158470,158471],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158472,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158474,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158476,139],{"class":138},[47,158478,117],{"class":61},[47,158480,4300],{"class":113},[47,158482,74545],{"class":61},[47,158484,2705],{"class":349},[47,158486,2166],{"class":61},[20,158488,372],{},[38,158490,158492],{"className":40,"code":158491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158493,158494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158495,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158497,117],{"class":61},[47,158499,2981],{"class":349},[47,158501,75],{"class":61},[47,158503,8441],{"class":349},[47,158505,75],{"class":61},[47,158507,5723],{"class":349},[47,158509,132],{"class":61},[244,158511,158513],{"id":158512},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[38,158515,158517],{"className":40,"code":158516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158518,158519,158547,158551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158520,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158522,4270],{"class":53},[47,158524,58],{"class":57},[47,158526,9878],{"class":61},[47,158528,2981],{"class":349},[47,158530,75],{"class":61},[47,158532,8436],{"class":349},[47,158534,75],{"class":61},[47,158536,8441],{"class":349},[47,158538,75],{"class":61},[47,158540,51262],{"class":349},[47,158542,75],{"class":61},[47,158544,5723],{"class":349},[47,158546,132],{"class":61},[47,158548,158549],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158550,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158552,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158554,139],{"class":138},[47,158556,117],{"class":61},[47,158558,4300],{"class":113},[47,158560,74545],{"class":61},[47,158562,2670],{"class":57},[47,158564,917],{"class":349},[47,158566,2166],{"class":61},[20,158568,372],{},[38,158570,158572],{"className":40,"code":158571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158573,158574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158575,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158577,117],{"class":61},[47,158579,77217],{"class":349},[47,158581,75],{"class":61},[47,158583,51262],{"class":349},[47,158585,75],{"class":61},[47,158587,8441],{"class":349},[47,158589,75],{"class":61},[47,158591,8436],{"class":349},[47,158593,75],{"class":61},[47,158595,6648],{"class":349},[47,158597,132],{"class":61},[33,158599,76733],{"id":76732},[20,158601,154784],{},[20,158603,158604],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[244,158606,158608],{"id":158607},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[38,158610,158612],{"className":40,"code":158611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158613,158614,158646,158650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158615,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158617,4270],{"class":53},[47,158619,58],{"class":57},[47,158621,9878],{"class":61},[47,158623,2981],{"class":349},[47,158625,75],{"class":61},[47,158627,8436],{"class":349},[47,158629,75],{"class":61},[47,158631,8441],{"class":349},[47,158633,75],{"class":61},[47,158635,51262],{"class":349},[47,158637,75],{"class":61},[47,158639,5723],{"class":349},[47,158641,75],{"class":61},[47,158643,76523],{"class":349},[47,158645,132],{"class":61},[47,158647,158648],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158649,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158651,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158653,139],{"class":138},[47,158655,117],{"class":61},[47,158657,4300],{"class":113},[47,158659,669],{"class":61},[47,158661,2670],{"class":57},[47,158663,2711],{"class":349},[47,158665,78139],{"class":61},[20,158667,372],{},[38,158669,158671],{"className":40,"code":158670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158672,158673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158676,117],{"class":61},[47,158678,57113],{"class":349},[47,158680,75],{"class":61},[47,158682,5723],{"class":349},[47,158684,75],{"class":61},[47,158686,76523],{"class":349},[47,158688,132],{"class":61},[244,158690,158692],{"id":158691},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[38,158694,158696],{"className":40,"code":158695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158697,158698,158726,158730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158699,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158701,4270],{"class":53},[47,158703,58],{"class":57},[47,158705,9878],{"class":61},[47,158707,2981],{"class":349},[47,158709,75],{"class":61},[47,158711,8436],{"class":349},[47,158713,75],{"class":61},[47,158715,8441],{"class":349},[47,158717,75],{"class":61},[47,158719,51262],{"class":349},[47,158721,75],{"class":61},[47,158723,5723],{"class":349},[47,158725,132],{"class":61},[47,158727,158728],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158729,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158731,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158733,139],{"class":138},[47,158735,117],{"class":61},[47,158737,4300],{"class":113},[47,158739,75958],{"class":61},[47,158741,2670],{"class":57},[47,158743,917],{"class":349},[47,158745,2166],{"class":61},[20,158747,372],{},[38,158749,158751],{"className":40,"code":158750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158752,158753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158756,117],{"class":61},[47,158758,2981],{"class":349},[47,158760,75],{"class":61},[47,158762,8436],{"class":349},[47,158764,75],{"class":61},[47,158766,8441],{"class":349},[47,158768,75],{"class":61},[47,158770,51262],{"class":349},[47,158772,132],{"class":61},[20,158774,158775,158776,110],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[210,158777,151334],{"href":157668},[33,158779,158781],{"id":158780},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158783,2628,158784,158786],{},[15,158785,75852],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[174,158788,158789,158791,158793,158799],{},[177,158790,76989],{},[177,158792,76992],{},[177,158794,158795,158798],{},[15,158796,158797],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[177,158800,158801,158802,158804],{},"A step of ",[15,158803,436],{}," is not allowed",[20,158806,158807],{},"Example with a positive step:",[38,158809,158811],{"className":40,"code":158810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158812,158813,158845,158849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158814,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841,158843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158816,4270],{"class":53},[47,158818,58],{"class":57},[47,158820,9878],{"class":61},[47,158822,2981],{"class":349},[47,158824,75],{"class":61},[47,158826,8436],{"class":349},[47,158828,75],{"class":61},[47,158830,8441],{"class":349},[47,158832,75],{"class":61},[47,158834,51262],{"class":349},[47,158836,75],{"class":61},[47,158838,5723],{"class":349},[47,158840,75],{"class":61},[47,158842,76523],{"class":349},[47,158844,132],{"class":61},[47,158846,158847],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158848,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158850,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158852,139],{"class":138},[47,158854,117],{"class":61},[47,158856,4300],{"class":113},[47,158858,669],{"class":61},[47,158860,917],{"class":349},[47,158862,172],{"class":61},[47,158864,81017],{"class":349},[47,158866,172],{"class":61},[47,158868,2705],{"class":349},[47,158870,2166],{"class":61},[20,158872,372],{},[38,158874,158876],{"className":40,"code":158875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158877,158878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158879,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158881,117],{"class":61},[47,158883,16364],{"class":349},[47,158885,75],{"class":61},[47,158887,51262],{"class":349},[47,158889,75],{"class":61},[47,158891,76523],{"class":349},[47,158893,132],{"class":61},[20,158895,158896],{},"Example with a negative step:",[38,158898,158900],{"className":40,"code":158899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158901,158902,158930,158934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158903,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158905,4270],{"class":53},[47,158907,58],{"class":57},[47,158909,9878],{"class":61},[47,158911,2981],{"class":349},[47,158913,75],{"class":61},[47,158915,8436],{"class":349},[47,158917,75],{"class":61},[47,158919,8441],{"class":349},[47,158921,75],{"class":61},[47,158923,51262],{"class":349},[47,158925,75],{"class":61},[47,158927,5723],{"class":349},[47,158929,132],{"class":61},[47,158931,158932],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,158933,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,158935,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,158937,139],{"class":138},[47,158939,117],{"class":61},[47,158941,4300],{"class":113},[47,158943,669],{"class":61},[47,158945,3156],{"class":349},[47,158947,172],{"class":61},[47,158949,917],{"class":349},[47,158951,172],{"class":61},[47,158953,2670],{"class":57},[47,158955,917],{"class":349},[47,158957,2166],{"class":61},[20,158959,372],{},[38,158961,158963],{"className":40,"code":158962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158964,158965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158966,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158968,117],{"class":61},[47,158970,77217],{"class":349},[47,158972,75],{"class":61},[47,158974,51262],{"class":349},[47,158976,75],{"class":61},[47,158978,8441],{"class":349},[47,158980,132],{"class":61},[20,158982,158983],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[38,158985,158987],{"className":40,"code":158986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158988,158989,159009,159013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158990,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158992,4270],{"class":53},[47,158994,58],{"class":57},[47,158996,9878],{"class":61},[47,158998,2981],{"class":349},[47,159000,75],{"class":61},[47,159002,8436],{"class":349},[47,159004,75],{"class":61},[47,159006,8441],{"class":349},[47,159008,132],{"class":61},[47,159010,159011],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159012,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159014,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159016,139],{"class":138},[47,159018,117],{"class":61},[47,159020,4300],{"class":113},[47,159022,74545],{"class":61},[47,159024,436],{"class":349},[47,159026,2166],{"class":61},[20,159028,159029],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[33,159031,159033],{"id":159032},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,159035,159036,159037,34149],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[278,159038,49371],{},[244,159040,159042],{"id":159041},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[38,159044,159046],{"className":40,"code":159045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159047,159048,159072,159076,159094,159098,159108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159049,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159051,4270],{"class":53},[47,159053,58],{"class":57},[47,159055,9878],{"class":61},[47,159057,2981],{"class":349},[47,159059,75],{"class":61},[47,159061,8436],{"class":349},[47,159063,75],{"class":61},[47,159065,8441],{"class":349},[47,159067,75],{"class":61},[47,159069,51262],{"class":349},[47,159071,132],{"class":61},[47,159073,159074],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159075,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159077,159078,159080,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159079,2879],{"class":53},[47,159081,58],{"class":57},[47,159083,4905],{"class":53},[47,159085,669],{"class":61},[47,159087,917],{"class":349},[47,159089,172],{"class":61},[47,159091,2711],{"class":349},[47,159093,95],{"class":61},[47,159095,159096],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,159097,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159099,159100,159102,159104,159106],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,159101,139],{"class":138},[47,159103,117],{"class":61},[47,159105,2914],{"class":113},[47,159107,132],{"class":61},[47,159109,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,159111,139],{"class":138},[47,159113,117],{"class":61},[47,159115,2392],{"class":106},[47,159117,117],{"class":61},[47,159119,2914],{"class":113},[47,159121,2266],{"class":61},[20,159123,372],{},[38,159125,159127],{"className":40,"code":159126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159128,159129,159141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159130,159131,159133,159135,159137,159139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159132,117],{"class":61},[47,159134,16364],{"class":349},[47,159136,75],{"class":61},[47,159138,8441],{"class":349},[47,159140,132],{"class":61},[47,159142,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159144,3941],{"class":57},[47,159146,3944],{"class":2714},[47,159148,398],{"class":65},[47,159150,49371],{"class":69},[47,159152,385],{"class":65},[47,159154,3953],{"class":57},[244,159156,159158],{"id":159157},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[38,159160,159162],{"className":40,"code":159161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159163,159164,159184,159188,159206,159210,159220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159165,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159167,4270],{"class":53},[47,159169,58],{"class":57},[47,159171,9878],{"class":61},[47,159173,2981],{"class":349},[47,159175,75],{"class":61},[47,159177,8436],{"class":349},[47,159179,75],{"class":61},[47,159181,8441],{"class":349},[47,159183,132],{"class":61},[47,159185,159186],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159187,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159189,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198,159200,159202,159204],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159191,2879],{"class":53},[47,159193,58],{"class":57},[47,159195,4905],{"class":53},[47,159197,669],{"class":61},[47,159199,917],{"class":349},[47,159201,172],{"class":61},[47,159203,2705],{"class":349},[47,159205,95],{"class":61},[47,159207,159208],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,159209,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159211,159212,159214,159216,159218],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,159213,139],{"class":138},[47,159215,117],{"class":61},[47,159217,2914],{"class":113},[47,159219,132],{"class":61},[47,159221,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,159223,139],{"class":138},[47,159225,117],{"class":61},[47,159227,2392],{"class":106},[47,159229,117],{"class":61},[47,159231,2914],{"class":113},[47,159233,2266],{"class":61},[20,159235,372],{},[38,159237,159239],{"className":40,"code":159238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159240,159241,159249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159242,159243,159245,159247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159244,117],{"class":61},[47,159246,16364],{"class":349},[47,159248,149768],{"class":61},[47,159250,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159252,3941],{"class":57},[47,159254,3944],{"class":2714},[47,159256,398],{"class":65},[47,159258,49371],{"class":69},[47,159260,385],{"class":65},[47,159262,3953],{"class":57},[244,159264,159266],{"id":159265},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[38,159268,159270],{"className":40,"code":159269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159271,159272,159292,159296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159273,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159275,4270],{"class":53},[47,159277,58],{"class":57},[47,159279,9878],{"class":61},[47,159281,2981],{"class":349},[47,159283,75],{"class":61},[47,159285,8436],{"class":349},[47,159287,75],{"class":61},[47,159289,8441],{"class":349},[47,159291,132],{"class":61},[47,159293,159294],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159295,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159297,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159299,139],{"class":138},[47,159301,117],{"class":61},[47,159303,4300],{"class":113},[47,159305,669],{"class":61},[47,159307,2784],{"class":349},[47,159309,172],{"class":61},[47,159311,2996],{"class":349},[47,159313,2166],{"class":61},[20,159315,372],{},[38,159317,159318],{"className":40,"code":9288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159319,159320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159321,159322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159323,9288],{"class":61},[20,159325,159326,159327,110],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[210,159328,156504],{"href":151391},[33,159330,159332],{"id":159331},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159334,159335],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[174,159337,159338,159340,159343,159348],{},[177,159339,77298],{},[177,159341,159342],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[177,159344,159345,159346],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159347,71154],{},[177,159349,159350],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159352,603],{},[38,159354,159356],{"className":40,"code":159355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159357,159358,159378,159382,159399,159420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159359,159360,159362,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159361,4270],{"class":53},[47,159363,58],{"class":57},[47,159365,9878],{"class":61},[47,159367,2981],{"class":349},[47,159369,75],{"class":61},[47,159371,8436],{"class":349},[47,159373,75],{"class":61},[47,159375,8441],{"class":349},[47,159377,132],{"class":61},[47,159379,159380],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159381,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159383,159384,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159385,139],{"class":138},[47,159387,117],{"class":61},[47,159389,4300],{"class":113},[47,159391,669],{"class":61},[47,159393,917],{"class":349},[47,159395,20847],{"class":61},[47,159397,159398],{"class":152},"    # one item\n",[47,159400,159401,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,159402,139],{"class":138},[47,159404,117],{"class":61},[47,159406,4300],{"class":113},[47,159408,669],{"class":61},[47,159410,917],{"class":349},[47,159412,172],{"class":61},[47,159414,2784],{"class":349},[47,159416,20847],{"class":61},[47,159418,159419],{"class":152},"  # slice\n",[47,159421,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,159423,139],{"class":138},[47,159425,117],{"class":61},[47,159427,4300],{"class":113},[47,159429,669],{"class":61},[47,159431,2784],{"class":349},[47,159433,172],{"class":61},[47,159435,2996],{"class":349},[47,159437,20847],{"class":61},[47,159439,159440],{"class":152},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159442,372],{},[38,159444,159446],{"className":40,"code":159445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159447,159448,159452,159464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159449,159450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159451,71647],{"class":349},[47,159453,159454,159456,159458,159460,159462],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159455,117],{"class":61},[47,159457,16364],{"class":349},[47,159459,75],{"class":61},[47,159461,8441],{"class":349},[47,159463,132],{"class":61},[47,159465,159466],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159467,9288],{"class":61},[20,159469,159470],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[38,159472,159474],{"className":40,"code":159473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159475,159476,159496,159500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159477,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159479,4270],{"class":53},[47,159481,58],{"class":57},[47,159483,9878],{"class":61},[47,159485,2981],{"class":349},[47,159487,75],{"class":61},[47,159489,8436],{"class":349},[47,159491,75],{"class":61},[47,159493,8441],{"class":349},[47,159495,132],{"class":61},[47,159497,159498],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159499,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159501,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159503,139],{"class":138},[47,159505,117],{"class":61},[47,159507,4300],{"class":113},[47,159509,669],{"class":61},[47,159511,2784],{"class":349},[47,159513,2166],{"class":61},[20,159515,159516,159517,159519,159520,110],{},"This raises an ",[15,159518,71154],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[210,159521,155257],{"href":159522},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[33,159524,15787],{"id":77565},[20,159526,159527],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[174,159529,159530,159533,159535,159538],{},[177,159531,159532],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[177,159534,61114],{},[177,159536,159537],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[177,159539,159540,159541],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159542,436],{},[20,159544,159545],{},"Here are a few examples.",[244,159547,159549],{"id":159548},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[38,159551,159552],{"className":40,"code":158352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159553,159554,159582,159586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159555,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159557,4270],{"class":53},[47,159559,58],{"class":57},[47,159561,9878],{"class":61},[47,159563,2981],{"class":349},[47,159565,75],{"class":61},[47,159567,8436],{"class":349},[47,159569,75],{"class":61},[47,159571,8441],{"class":349},[47,159573,75],{"class":61},[47,159575,51262],{"class":349},[47,159577,75],{"class":61},[47,159579,5723],{"class":349},[47,159581,132],{"class":61},[47,159583,159584],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159585,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159587,159588,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159589,139],{"class":138},[47,159591,117],{"class":61},[47,159593,4300],{"class":113},[47,159595,669],{"class":61},[47,159597,917],{"class":349},[47,159599,172],{"class":61},[47,159601,3156],{"class":349},[47,159603,2166],{"class":61},[20,159605,372],{},[38,159607,159608],{"className":40,"code":158409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159609,159610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159611,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159613,117],{"class":61},[47,159615,16364],{"class":349},[47,159617,75],{"class":61},[47,159619,8441],{"class":349},[47,159621,75],{"class":61},[47,159623,51262],{"class":349},[47,159625,132],{"class":61},[20,159627,132836,159628,159630],{},[15,159629,3156],{}," is not included.",[244,159632,159634],{"id":159633},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159636,5169],{},[38,159638,159640],{"className":40,"code":159639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159641,159642,159666,159670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159643,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662,159664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159645,4270],{"class":53},[47,159647,58],{"class":57},[47,159649,9878],{"class":61},[47,159651,2981],{"class":349},[47,159653,75],{"class":61},[47,159655,8436],{"class":349},[47,159657,75],{"class":61},[47,159659,8441],{"class":349},[47,159661,75],{"class":61},[47,159663,51262],{"class":349},[47,159665,132],{"class":61},[47,159667,159668],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159669,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159671,159672],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159673,159674],{"class":152},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159676,159677],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[38,159679,159680],{"className":40,"code":155337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159681,159682,159706,159710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159683,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159685,4270],{"class":53},[47,159687,58],{"class":57},[47,159689,9878],{"class":61},[47,159691,2981],{"class":349},[47,159693,75],{"class":61},[47,159695,8436],{"class":349},[47,159697,75],{"class":61},[47,159699,8441],{"class":349},[47,159701,75],{"class":61},[47,159703,51262],{"class":349},[47,159705,132],{"class":61},[47,159707,159708],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159709,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159711,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159713,139],{"class":138},[47,159715,117],{"class":61},[47,159717,4300],{"class":113},[47,159719,669],{"class":61},[47,159721,917],{"class":349},[47,159723,172],{"class":61},[47,159725,2711],{"class":349},[47,159727,2166],{"class":61},[244,159729,159731],{"id":159730},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[38,159733,159735],{"className":40,"code":159734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159736,159737,159761,159765,159780,159784,159795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159738,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159740,4270],{"class":53},[47,159742,58],{"class":57},[47,159744,9878],{"class":61},[47,159746,2981],{"class":349},[47,159748,75],{"class":61},[47,159750,8436],{"class":349},[47,159752,75],{"class":61},[47,159754,8441],{"class":349},[47,159756,75],{"class":61},[47,159758,51262],{"class":349},[47,159760,132],{"class":61},[47,159762,159763],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159764,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159766,159767,159770,159772,159774,159776,159778],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159768,159769],{"class":53},"slice_result ",[47,159771,58],{"class":57},[47,159773,4905],{"class":53},[47,159775,75958],{"class":61},[47,159777,2705],{"class":349},[47,159779,95],{"class":61},[47,159781,159782],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,159783,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,159785,159786,159788,159790,159793],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,159787,139],{"class":138},[47,159789,117],{"class":61},[47,159791,159792],{"class":113},"slice_result",[47,159794,132],{"class":61},[47,159796,159797,159799,159801,159803],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,159798,139],{"class":138},[47,159800,117],{"class":61},[47,159802,4300],{"class":113},[47,159804,132],{"class":61},[20,159806,372],{},[38,159808,159810],{"className":40,"code":159809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159811,159812,159824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159813,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159815,117],{"class":61},[47,159817,2981],{"class":349},[47,159819,75],{"class":61},[47,159821,8436],{"class":349},[47,159823,132],{"class":61},[47,159825,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159827,117],{"class":61},[47,159829,2981],{"class":349},[47,159831,75],{"class":61},[47,159833,8436],{"class":349},[47,159835,75],{"class":61},[47,159837,8441],{"class":349},[47,159839,75],{"class":61},[47,159841,51262],{"class":349},[47,159843,132],{"class":61},[20,159845,159846],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[33,159848,114150],{"id":114149},[20,159850,159851],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[174,159853,159854,159857,159860,159866,159869],{},[177,159855,159856],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[177,159858,159859],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[177,159861,159862,159863],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159864,159865],{},"tuple[::0]",[177,159867,159868],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[177,159870,159871],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159873,159874],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[38,159876,159878],{"className":40,"code":159877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159879,159880,159890,159908,159930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159881,159882,159884,159886,159888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159883,139],{"class":138},[47,159885,117],{"class":61},[47,159887,148430],{"class":113},[47,159889,132],{"class":61},[47,159891,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,159893,139],{"class":138},[47,159895,117],{"class":61},[47,159897,148430],{"class":113},[47,159899,669],{"class":61},[47,159901,917],{"class":349},[47,159903,172],{"class":61},[47,159905,3156],{"class":349},[47,159907,2166],{"class":61},[47,159909,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924,159926,159928],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,159911,139],{"class":138},[47,159913,117],{"class":61},[47,159915,2392],{"class":106},[47,159917,117],{"class":61},[47,159919,148430],{"class":113},[47,159921,669],{"class":61},[47,159923,917],{"class":349},[47,159925,172],{"class":61},[47,159927,3156],{"class":349},[47,159929,3649],{"class":61},[47,159931,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,159933,139],{"class":138},[47,159935,117],{"class":61},[47,159937,11798],{"class":138},[47,159939,117],{"class":61},[47,159941,148430],{"class":113},[47,159943,2266],{"class":61},[20,159945,11807],{},[174,159947,159948,159950,159953,159956],{},[177,159949,155644],{},[177,159951,159952],{},"what the slice actually returns",[177,159954,159955],{},"that the result is a tuple",[177,159957,159958],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[33,159960,2429],{"id":2428},[244,159962,159964],{"id":159963},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159966,159967],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[244,159969,159971],{"id":159970},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159973,159974],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[244,159976,5785,159978,40374],{"id":159977},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159979,158797],{},[20,159981,159982],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[244,159984,159986,159987,3143],{"id":159985},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159988,71154],{},[20,159990,159991,159992,110],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159993,71154],{},[33,159995,2526],{"id":2525},[174,159997,159998,160002,160006,160010,160014],{},[177,159999,160000],{},[210,160001,156504],{"href":151391},[177,160003,160004],{},[210,160005,150085],{"href":153511},[177,160007,160008],{},[210,160009,151334],{"href":157668},[177,160011,160012],{},[210,160013,148412],{"href":158030},[177,160015,160016],{},[210,160017,155257],{"href":159522},[2563,160019,160020],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":160022},[160023,160024,160025,160026,160034,160038,160039,160044,160045,160050,160051,160059],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":157830,"depth":98,"text":157831},{"id":158033,"depth":98,"text":158034},{"id":76438,"depth":98,"text":76439,"children":160027},[160028,160030,160031,160032,160033],{"id":158191,"depth":135,"text":160029},"Get the first n items",{"id":158270,"depth":135,"text":158271},{"id":158348,"depth":135,"text":158349},{"id":158430,"depth":135,"text":158431},{"id":158512,"depth":135,"text":158513},{"id":76732,"depth":98,"text":76733,"children":160035},[160036,160037],{"id":158607,"depth":135,"text":158608},{"id":158691,"depth":135,"text":158692},{"id":158780,"depth":98,"text":158781},{"id":159032,"depth":98,"text":159033,"children":160040},[160041,160042,160043],{"id":159041,"depth":135,"text":159042},{"id":159157,"depth":135,"text":159158},{"id":159265,"depth":135,"text":159266},{"id":159331,"depth":98,"text":159332},{"id":77565,"depth":98,"text":15787,"children":160046},[160047,160048,160049],{"id":159548,"depth":135,"text":159549},{"id":159633,"depth":135,"text":159634},{"id":159730,"depth":135,"text":159731},{"id":114149,"depth":98,"text":114150},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":160052},[160053,160054,160055,160057],{"id":159963,"depth":135,"text":159964},{"id":159970,"depth":135,"text":159971},{"id":159977,"depth":135,"text":160056},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159985,"depth":135,"text":160058},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157674,"description":160060},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160067,"title":160068,"body":160069,"description":161892,"extension":2611,"meta":161893,"navigation":357,"path":35217,"seo":161894,"stem":161895,"__hash__":161896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160070,"toc":161858},[160071,160076,160081,160085,160103,160106,160121,160127,160129,160186,160188,160220,160232,160238,160243,160246,160281,160287,160289,160292,160306,160309,160311,160334,160336,160354,160357,160373,160375,160378,160491,160493,160582,160585,160590,160596,160599,160602,160701,160703,160762,160767,160770,160839,160843,160875,160891,160896,160903,160910,160922,160924,160973,160975,160998,161004,161052,161057,161064,161072,161078,161081,161105,161108,161110,161186,161188,161213,161219,161222,161227,161231,161245,161247,161310,161312,161344,161347,161363,161365,161371,161378,161380,161399,161401,161419,161426,161431,161438,161440,161477,161480,161487,161491,161494,161552,161555,161558,161613,161615,161627,161633,161635,161639,161672,161679,161681,161744,161747,161749,161754,161768,161775,161783,161792,161801,161807,161813,161815,161855],[10,160072,4226,160074,4230],{"id":160073},"python-type-function-explained",[15,160075,2952],{},[20,160077,32724,160078,160080],{},[15,160079,2952],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,160082,63189,160083,104994],{},[15,160084,2952],{},[174,160086,160087,160090,160093,160096],{},[177,160088,160089],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[177,160091,160092],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[177,160094,160095],{},"debug confusing code",[177,160097,160098,160099],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[210,160100,160101],{"href":8865},[15,160102,3609],{},[20,160104,160105],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[38,160107,160109],{"className":40,"code":160108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(object)\n",[15,160110,160111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160112,160113,160115,160117,160119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160114,2392],{"class":106},[47,160116,117],{"class":61},[47,160118,42814],{"class":106},[47,160120,132],{"class":61},[20,160122,160123,160124,160126],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,160125,2952],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[33,160128,4260],{"id":4259},[38,160130,160132],{"className":40,"code":160131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160133,160134,160146,160160,160164,160172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160135,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160137,8523],{"class":53},[47,160139,58],{"class":57},[47,160141,78],{"class":65},[47,160143,5647],{"class":69},[47,160145,689],{"class":65},[47,160147,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160149,139],{"class":138},[47,160151,117],{"class":61},[47,160153,2392],{"class":106},[47,160155,117],{"class":61},[47,160157,70],{"class":113},[47,160159,2266],{"class":61},[47,160161,160162],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,160163,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,160165,160166,160168,160170],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,160167,2866],{"class":53},[47,160169,58],{"class":57},[47,160171,3239],{"class":349},[47,160173,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,160175,139],{"class":138},[47,160177,117],{"class":61},[47,160179,2392],{"class":106},[47,160181,117],{"class":61},[47,160183,2889],{"class":113},[47,160185,2266],{"class":61},[20,160187,372],{},[38,160189,160190],{"className":40,"code":125497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160191,160192,160206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160193,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202,160204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160195,3941],{"class":57},[47,160197,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160199,398],{"class":65},[47,160201,4093],{"class":69},[47,160203,385],{"class":65},[47,160205,3953],{"class":57},[47,160207,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160209,3941],{"class":57},[47,160211,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160213,398],{"class":65},[47,160215,2837],{"class":69},[47,160217,385],{"class":65},[47,160219,3953],{"class":57},[20,160221,156,160222,160225,160226,5036,160229,110],{},[15,160223,160224],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160227,160228],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160230,160231],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[33,160233,13624,160235,160237],{"id":160234},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160236,2952],{}," function does",[20,160239,160240,160242],{},[15,160241,2952],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160244,160245],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[174,160247,160248,160253,160258,160263,160268,160273],{},[177,160249,160250,160252],{},[15,160251,4093],{}," for text",[177,160254,160255,160257],{},[15,160256,2837],{}," for whole numbers",[177,160259,160260,160262],{},[15,160261,2841],{}," for decimal numbers",[177,160264,160265,160267],{},[15,160266,1892],{}," for lists",[177,160269,160270,160272],{},[15,160271,198],{}," for dictionaries",[177,160274,160275,69518,160277,5036,160279],{},[15,160276,4513],{},[15,160278,4255],{},[15,160280,4326],{},[20,160282,160283,160284,160286],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160285,2952],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[33,160288,2806],{"id":2805},[20,160290,160291],{},"The main beginner form is:",[38,160293,160294],{"className":40,"code":160108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160295,160296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160297,160298,160300,160302,160304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160299,2392],{"class":106},[47,160301,117],{"class":61},[47,160303,42814],{"class":106},[47,160305,132],{"class":61},[20,160307,160308],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160310,603],{},[38,160312,160314],{"className":40,"code":160313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160315,160316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160317,160318,160320,160322,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160319,139],{"class":138},[47,160321,117],{"class":61},[47,160323,2392],{"class":106},[47,160325,117],{"class":61},[47,160327,66],{"class":65},[47,160329,4492],{"class":69},[47,160331,66],{"class":65},[47,160333,2266],{"class":61},[20,160335,372],{},[38,160337,160338],{"className":40,"code":46187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160339,160340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160341,160342,160344,160346,160348,160350,160352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160343,3941],{"class":57},[47,160345,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160347,398],{"class":65},[47,160349,4093],{"class":69},[47,160351,385],{"class":65},[47,160353,3953],{"class":57},[20,160355,160356],{},"You can pass either:",[174,160358,160359,160366],{},[177,160360,160361,160362,3530,160364],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160363,64957],{},[15,160365,46943],{},[177,160367,160368,160369,3530,160371],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160370,70],{},[15,160372,81],{},[33,160374,122309],{"id":122308},[20,160376,160377],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[38,160379,160381],{"className":40,"code":160380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160382,160383,160401,160415,160429,160451,160477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160384,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397,160399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160386,139],{"class":138},[47,160388,117],{"class":61},[47,160390,2392],{"class":106},[47,160392,117],{"class":61},[47,160394,66],{"class":65},[47,160396,4492],{"class":69},[47,160398,66],{"class":65},[47,160400,2266],{"class":61},[47,160402,160403,160405,160407,160409,160411,160413],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160404,139],{"class":138},[47,160406,117],{"class":61},[47,160408,2392],{"class":106},[47,160410,117],{"class":61},[47,160412,2981],{"class":349},[47,160414,2266],{"class":61},[47,160416,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,160418,139],{"class":138},[47,160420,117],{"class":61},[47,160422,2392],{"class":106},[47,160424,117],{"class":61},[47,160426,40557],{"class":349},[47,160428,2266],{"class":61},[47,160430,160431,160433,160435,160437,160439,160441,160443,160445,160447,160449],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,160432,139],{"class":138},[47,160434,117],{"class":61},[47,160436,2392],{"class":106},[47,160438,1258],{"class":61},[47,160440,917],{"class":349},[47,160442,75],{"class":61},[47,160444,2409],{"class":349},[47,160446,75],{"class":61},[47,160448,2414],{"class":349},[47,160450,3649],{"class":61},[47,160452,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473,160475],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,160454,139],{"class":138},[47,160456,117],{"class":61},[47,160458,2392],{"class":106},[47,160460,6174],{"class":61},[47,160462,66],{"class":65},[47,160464,70],{"class":69},[47,160466,66],{"class":65},[47,160468,172],{"class":61},[47,160470,78],{"class":65},[47,160472,5647],{"class":69},[47,160474,66],{"class":65},[47,160476,6183],{"class":61},[47,160478,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,160480,139],{"class":138},[47,160482,117],{"class":61},[47,160484,2392],{"class":106},[47,160486,117],{"class":61},[47,160488,4255],{"class":559},[47,160490,2266],{"class":61},[20,160492,372],{},[38,160494,160496],{"className":40,"code":160495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160497,160498,160512,160526,160540,160554,160568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160499,160500,160502,160504,160506,160508,160510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160501,3941],{"class":57},[47,160503,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160505,398],{"class":65},[47,160507,4093],{"class":69},[47,160509,385],{"class":65},[47,160511,3953],{"class":57},[47,160513,160514,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160515,3941],{"class":57},[47,160517,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160519,398],{"class":65},[47,160521,2837],{"class":69},[47,160523,385],{"class":65},[47,160525,3953],{"class":57},[47,160527,160528,160530,160532,160534,160536,160538],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,160529,3941],{"class":57},[47,160531,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160533,398],{"class":65},[47,160535,2841],{"class":69},[47,160537,385],{"class":65},[47,160539,3953],{"class":57},[47,160541,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550,160552],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,160543,3941],{"class":57},[47,160545,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160547,398],{"class":65},[47,160549,1892],{"class":69},[47,160551,385],{"class":65},[47,160553,3953],{"class":57},[47,160555,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,160557,3941],{"class":57},[47,160559,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160561,398],{"class":65},[47,160563,198],{"class":69},[47,160565,385],{"class":65},[47,160567,3953],{"class":57},[47,160569,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578,160580],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,160571,3941],{"class":57},[47,160573,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160575,398],{"class":65},[47,160577,4513],{"class":69},[47,160579,385],{"class":65},[47,160581,3953],{"class":57},[20,160583,160584],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160586,160587,160588,110],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[210,160589,45214],{"href":49396},[33,160591,453,160593,160595],{"id":160592},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160594,2952],{}," with variables",[20,160597,160598],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160600,160601],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[38,160603,160605],{"className":40,"code":160604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160606,160607,160615,160633,160637,160649,160667,160671,160683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160608,160609,160611,160613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160610,3098],{"class":53},[47,160612,58],{"class":57},[47,160614,3239],{"class":349},[47,160616,160617,160619,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160618,139],{"class":138},[47,160620,117],{"class":61},[47,160622,259],{"class":113},[47,160624,75],{"class":61},[47,160626,49808],{"class":106},[47,160628,117],{"class":61},[47,160630,259],{"class":113},[47,160632,2266],{"class":61},[47,160634,160635],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,160636,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,160638,160639,160641,160643,160645,160647],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,160640,3098],{"class":53},[47,160642,58],{"class":57},[47,160644,78],{"class":65},[47,160646,46324],{"class":69},[47,160648,689],{"class":65},[47,160650,160651,160653,160655,160657,160659,160661,160663,160665],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,160652,139],{"class":138},[47,160654,117],{"class":61},[47,160656,259],{"class":113},[47,160658,75],{"class":61},[47,160660,49808],{"class":106},[47,160662,117],{"class":61},[47,160664,259],{"class":113},[47,160666,2266],{"class":61},[47,160668,160669],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,160670,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,160672,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,160674,3098],{"class":53},[47,160676,58],{"class":57},[47,160678,62],{"class":61},[47,160680,2981],{"class":349},[47,160682,95],{"class":61},[47,160684,160685,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699],{"class":49,"line":7069},[47,160686,139],{"class":138},[47,160688,117],{"class":61},[47,160690,259],{"class":113},[47,160692,75],{"class":61},[47,160694,49808],{"class":106},[47,160696,117],{"class":61},[47,160698,259],{"class":113},[47,160700,2266],{"class":61},[20,160702,372],{},[38,160704,160706],{"className":40,"code":160705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160707,160708,160725,160742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160709,160710,160712,160715,160717,160719,160721,160723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160711,2981],{"class":349},[47,160713,160714],{"class":57}," \u003C",[47,160716,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160718,398],{"class":65},[47,160720,2837],{"class":69},[47,160722,385],{"class":65},[47,160724,3953],{"class":57},[47,160726,160727,160730,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160728,160729],{"class":53},"ten ",[47,160731,3941],{"class":57},[47,160733,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160735,398],{"class":65},[47,160737,4093],{"class":69},[47,160739,385],{"class":65},[47,160741,3953],{"class":57},[47,160743,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752,160754,160756,160758,160760],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,160745,669],{"class":61},[47,160747,2981],{"class":349},[47,160749,678],{"class":61},[47,160751,160714],{"class":57},[47,160753,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160755,398],{"class":65},[47,160757,1892],{"class":69},[47,160759,385],{"class":65},[47,160761,3953],{"class":57},[20,160763,160764,160766],{},[15,160765,2952],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160768,160769],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[38,160771,160773],{"className":40,"code":160772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160774,160775,160793,160807,160811,160825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160776,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787,160789,160791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160778,4041],{"class":53},[47,160780,58],{"class":57},[47,160782,8888],{"class":138},[47,160784,117],{"class":61},[47,160786,66],{"class":65},[47,160788,42286],{"class":69},[47,160790,66],{"class":65},[47,160792,132],{"class":61},[47,160794,160795,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160796,139],{"class":138},[47,160798,117],{"class":61},[47,160800,2392],{"class":106},[47,160802,117],{"class":61},[47,160804,4067],{"class":113},[47,160806,2266],{"class":61},[47,160808,160809],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,160810,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,160812,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821,160823],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,160814,123421],{"class":53},[47,160816,58],{"class":57},[47,160818,45693],{"class":106},[47,160820,117],{"class":61},[47,160822,4067],{"class":113},[47,160824,132],{"class":61},[47,160826,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,160828,139],{"class":138},[47,160830,117],{"class":61},[47,160832,2392],{"class":106},[47,160834,117],{"class":61},[47,160836,123444],{"class":113},[47,160838,2266],{"class":61},[20,160840,41535,160841,41539],{},[15,160842,9836],{},[38,160844,160845],{"className":40,"code":125497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160846,160847,160861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160848,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160850,3941],{"class":57},[47,160852,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160854,398],{"class":65},[47,160856,4093],{"class":69},[47,160858,385],{"class":65},[47,160860,3953],{"class":57},[47,160862,160863,160865,160867,160869,160871,160873],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160864,3941],{"class":57},[47,160866,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160868,398],{"class":65},[47,160870,2837],{"class":69},[47,160872,385],{"class":65},[47,160874,3953],{"class":57},[20,160876,46120,160877,160881,160882,3530,160886,160890],{},[210,160878,160879],{"href":8865},[15,160880,3609],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[210,160883,160884],{"href":3526},[15,160885,3529],{},[210,160887,160888],{"href":3533},[15,160889,3536],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160892,160893,160894,110],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[210,160895,9626],{"href":9625},[33,160897,160899,11222,160901],{"id":160898},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160900,2952],{},[15,160902,45222],{},[20,160904,160905,5036,160907,160909],{},[15,160906,2952],{},[15,160908,45222],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[174,160911,160912,160917],{},[177,160913,160914,160916],{},[15,160915,2952],{}," tells you the exact type",[177,160918,160919,160921],{},[15,160920,45222],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160923,603],{},[38,160925,160927],{"className":40,"code":160926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160928,160929,160937,160941,160955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160930,160931,160933,160935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160932,3098],{"class":53},[47,160934,58],{"class":57},[47,160936,35251],{"class":349},[47,160938,160939],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160940,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,160942,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,160944,139],{"class":138},[47,160946,117],{"class":61},[47,160948,2392],{"class":106},[47,160950,117],{"class":61},[47,160952,259],{"class":113},[47,160954,2266],{"class":61},[47,160956,160957,160959,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,160958,139],{"class":138},[47,160960,117],{"class":61},[47,160962,49293],{"class":138},[47,160964,117],{"class":61},[47,160966,259],{"class":113},[47,160968,75],{"class":61},[47,160970,45693],{"class":106},[47,160972,2266],{"class":61},[20,160974,372],{},[38,160976,160978],{"className":40,"code":160977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160979,160980,160994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160983,3941],{"class":57},[47,160985,3944],{"class":2714},[47,160987,398],{"class":65},[47,160989,2837],{"class":69},[47,160991,385],{"class":65},[47,160993,3953],{"class":57},[47,160995,160996],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,160997,4620],{"class":559},[20,160999,161000,161001,161003],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,161002,45222],{}," is more practical.",[38,161005,161007],{"className":40,"code":161006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,161008,161009,161017,161021,161037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161010,161011,161013,161015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161012,3098],{"class":53},[47,161014,58],{"class":57},[47,161016,35251],{"class":349},[47,161018,161019],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161020,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,161022,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033,161035],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,161024,7642],{"class":1107},[47,161026,50031],{"class":138},[47,161028,117],{"class":61},[47,161030,259],{"class":113},[47,161032,75],{"class":61},[47,161034,45693],{"class":106},[47,161036,8988],{"class":61},[47,161038,161039,161041,161043,161045,161048,161050],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,161040,8715],{"class":138},[47,161042,117],{"class":61},[47,161044,66],{"class":65},[47,161046,161047],{"class":69},"This is an integer",[47,161049,66],{"class":65},[47,161051,132],{"class":61},[20,161053,156,161054,161056],{},[15,161055,2952],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,161058,156,161059,161061,161062,7817],{},[15,161060,45222],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,161063,7642],{},[20,161065,161066,161067,110],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[210,161068,4226,161070,4159],{"href":161069},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,161071,45222],{},[33,161073,161075,161076],{"id":161074},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,161077,2952],{},[20,161079,161080],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[38,161082,161084],{"className":40,"code":161083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,161085,161086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161087,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096,161099,161101,161103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161089,2392],{"class":106},[47,161091,117],{"class":61},[47,161093,70],{"class":113},[47,161095,75],{"class":61},[47,161097,161098],{"class":113}," bases",[47,161100,75],{"class":61},[47,161102,107],{"class":106},[47,161104,132],{"class":61},[20,161106,161107],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,161109,603],{},[38,161111,161113],{"className":40,"code":161112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,161114,161115,161158,161162,161172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161116,161117,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128,161131,161133,161135,161138,161140,161142,161145,161147,161149,161151,161154,161156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161118,161119],{"class":53},"Person ",[47,161121,58],{"class":57},[47,161123,49808],{"class":106},[47,161125,117],{"class":61},[47,161127,66],{"class":65},[47,161129,161130],{"class":69},"Person",[47,161132,66],{"class":65},[47,161134,75],{"class":61},[47,161136,161137],{"class":61}," (),",[47,161139,1096],{"class":61},[47,161141,66],{"class":65},[47,161143,161144],{"class":69},"species",[47,161146,66],{"class":65},[47,161148,172],{"class":61},[47,161150,78],{"class":65},[47,161152,161153],{"class":69},"human",[47,161155,66],{"class":65},[47,161157,30902],{"class":61},[47,161159,161160],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161161,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,161163,161164,161166,161168,161170],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,161165,139],{"class":138},[47,161167,117],{"class":61},[47,161169,161130],{"class":113},[47,161171,132],{"class":61},[47,161173,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,161175,139],{"class":138},[47,161177,117],{"class":61},[47,161179,161130],{"class":113},[47,161181,110],{"class":61},[47,161183,161144],{"class":25153},[47,161185,132],{"class":61},[20,161187,372],{},[38,161189,161191],{"className":40,"code":161190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161192,161193,161208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161194,161195,161197,161199,161201,161204,161206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161196,3941],{"class":57},[47,161198,3944],{"class":2714},[47,161200,398],{"class":65},[47,161202,161203],{"class":69},"__main__.Person",[47,161205,385],{"class":65},[47,161207,3953],{"class":57},[47,161209,161210],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161211,161212],{"class":53},"human\n",[20,161214,161215,161216,161218],{},"Most beginners do ",[278,161217,1369],{}," need this form.",[20,161220,161221],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[33,161223,1216,161225],{"id":161224},"when-to-use-type",[15,161226,2952],{},[20,161228,161229,13073],{},[15,161230,2952],{},[174,161232,161233,161236,161239,161242],{},[177,161234,161235],{},"debug unexpected values",[177,161237,161238],{},"check what a conversion produced",[177,161240,161241],{},"learn Python data types",[177,161243,161244],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161246,6117],{},[38,161248,161250],{"className":40,"code":161249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161251,161252,161264,161278,161282,161296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161253,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161255,35096],{"class":53},[47,161257,58],{"class":57},[47,161259,78],{"class":65},[47,161261,50664],{"class":69},[47,161263,689],{"class":65},[47,161265,161266,161268,161270,161272,161274,161276],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161267,2866],{"class":53},[47,161269,58],{"class":57},[47,161271,45693],{"class":106},[47,161273,117],{"class":61},[47,161275,35117],{"class":113},[47,161277,132],{"class":61},[47,161279,161280],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,161281,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,161285,139],{"class":138},[47,161287,117],{"class":61},[47,161289,2392],{"class":106},[47,161291,117],{"class":61},[47,161293,35117],{"class":113},[47,161295,2266],{"class":61},[47,161297,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,161299,139],{"class":138},[47,161301,117],{"class":61},[47,161303,2392],{"class":106},[47,161305,117],{"class":61},[47,161307,2889],{"class":113},[47,161309,2266],{"class":61},[20,161311,372],{},[38,161313,161314],{"className":40,"code":125497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,161315,161316,161330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161317,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161319,3941],{"class":57},[47,161321,3944],{"class":2714},[47,161323,398],{"class":65},[47,161325,4093],{"class":69},[47,161327,385],{"class":65},[47,161329,3953],{"class":57},[47,161331,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161333,3941],{"class":57},[47,161335,3944],{"class":2714},[47,161337,398],{"class":65},[47,161339,2837],{"class":69},[47,161341,385],{"class":65},[47,161343,3953],{"class":57},[20,161345,161346],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161348,161349,161350,2838,161354,17681,161358,161362],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[210,161351,161352],{"href":42590},[15,161353,48101],{},[210,161355,161356],{"href":3526},[15,161357,3529],{},[210,161359,161360],{"href":3533},[15,161361,3536],{}," are often the next step.",[33,161364,25761],{"id":25760},[20,161366,161367,161368,161370],{},"A few things about ",[15,161369,2952],{}," often confuse beginners.",[244,161372,161374,161377],{"id":161373},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161375,161376],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161379,65066],{},[38,161381,161383],{"className":40,"code":161382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161384,161385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161386,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161388,139],{"class":138},[47,161390,117],{"class":61},[47,161392,2392],{"class":106},[47,161394,117],{"class":61},[47,161396,2784],{"class":349},[47,161398,2266],{"class":61},[20,161400,123340],{},[38,161402,161403],{"className":40,"code":156852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,161404,161405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161406,161407,161409,161411,161413,161415,161417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161408,3941],{"class":57},[47,161410,3944],{"class":2714},[47,161412,398],{"class":65},[47,161414,2837],{"class":69},[47,161416,385],{"class":65},[47,161418,3953],{"class":57},[20,161420,41320,161421,161423,161424,110],{},[278,161422,1369],{}," print just ",[15,161425,2837],{},[20,161427,7321,161428,161430],{},[15,161429,2952],{}," returns a class object.",[244,161432,161434,3048,161436],{"id":161433},"input-returns-str",[15,161435,3609],{},[15,161437,4093],{},[20,161439,79965],{},[38,161441,161443],{"className":40,"code":161442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161444,161445,161463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161446,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161448,3098],{"class":53},[47,161450,58],{"class":57},[47,161452,8888],{"class":138},[47,161454,117],{"class":61},[47,161456,66],{"class":65},[47,161458,46727],{"class":69},[47,161460,66],{"class":65},[47,161462,132],{"class":61},[47,161464,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161466,139],{"class":138},[47,161468,117],{"class":61},[47,161470,2392],{"class":106},[47,161472,117],{"class":61},[47,161474,259],{"class":113},[47,161476,2266],{"class":61},[20,161478,161479],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161481,161482,161483,3530,161485,110],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161484,3529],{},[15,161486,3536],{},[244,161488,161490],{"id":161489},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161492,161493],{},"Avoid code like this:",[38,161495,161497],{"className":40,"code":161496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161498,161499,161507,161511,161537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161500,161501,161503,161505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161502,3098],{"class":53},[47,161504,58],{"class":57},[47,161506,35251],{"class":349},[47,161508,161509],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161510,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,161512,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,161514,7642],{"class":1107},[47,161516,49322],{"class":106},[47,161518,117],{"class":61},[47,161520,2392],{"class":106},[47,161522,117],{"class":61},[47,161524,259],{"class":113},[47,161526,6006],{"class":61},[47,161528,7053],{"class":57},[47,161530,78],{"class":65},[47,161532,160231],{"class":69},[47,161534,66],{"class":65},[47,161536,7038],{"class":61},[47,161538,161539,161541,161543,161545,161548,161550],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,161540,8715],{"class":138},[47,161542,117],{"class":61},[47,161544,66],{"class":65},[47,161546,161547],{"class":69},"It is an int",[47,161549,66],{"class":65},[47,161551,132],{"class":61},[20,161553,161554],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161556,161557],{},"Better options:",[38,161559,161561],{"className":40,"code":161560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161562,161563,161571,161575,161595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161564,161565,161567,161569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161566,3098],{"class":53},[47,161568,58],{"class":57},[47,161570,35251],{"class":349},[47,161572,161573],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161574,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,161576,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,161578,139],{"class":138},[47,161580,117],{"class":61},[47,161582,2392],{"class":106},[47,161584,117],{"class":61},[47,161586,259],{"class":113},[47,161588,4313],{"class":61},[47,161590,7053],{"class":57},[47,161592,45693],{"class":106},[47,161594,132],{"class":61},[47,161596,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,161598,139],{"class":138},[47,161600,117],{"class":61},[47,161602,49293],{"class":138},[47,161604,117],{"class":61},[47,161606,259],{"class":113},[47,161608,75],{"class":61},[47,161610,45693],{"class":106},[47,161612,2266],{"class":61},[20,161614,372],{},[38,161616,161617],{"className":40,"code":5148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,161618,161619,161623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161620,161621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161622,4620],{"class":559},[47,161624,161625],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161626,4620],{"class":559},[20,161628,161629,161630,161632],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161631,45222],{}," is the more useful check.",[33,161634,1641],{"id":1640},[20,161636,1644,161637,172],{},[15,161638,2952],{},[174,161640,161641,161651,161660,161669],{},[177,161642,453,161643,161645,161646,161650],{},[15,161644,2952],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[210,161647,161648],{"href":8865},[15,161649,3609],{}," always returns a string",[177,161652,1968,161653,161655,161656,11728,161658],{},[15,161654,2952],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161657,2837],{},[15,161659,160231],{},[177,161661,453,161662,45046,161665,161668],{},[15,161663,161664],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161666,161667],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[177,161670,161671],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161673,161674,161675,110],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[210,161676,161678],{"href":161677},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161680,145006],{},[38,161682,161684],{"className":40,"code":161683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161685,161686,161700,161710,161724,161734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161687,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161689,139],{"class":138},[47,161691,117],{"class":61},[47,161693,2392],{"class":106},[47,161695,117],{"class":61},[47,161697,259],{"class":113},[47,161699,2266],{"class":61},[47,161701,161702,161704,161706,161708],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161703,139],{"class":138},[47,161705,117],{"class":61},[47,161707,259],{"class":113},[47,161709,132],{"class":61},[47,161711,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,161713,139],{"class":138},[47,161715,117],{"class":61},[47,161717,42194],{"class":138},[47,161719,117],{"class":61},[47,161721,259],{"class":113},[47,161723,2266],{"class":61},[47,161725,161726,161728,161730,161732],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,161727,32559],{"class":138},[47,161729,117],{"class":61},[47,161731,2392],{"class":106},[47,161733,132],{"class":61},[47,161735,161736,161738,161740,161742],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,161737,34780],{"class":138},[47,161739,117],{"class":61},[47,161741,259],{"class":113},[47,161743,132],{"class":61},[20,161745,161746],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[33,161748,2429],{"id":2428},[244,161750,5785,161752,5788],{"id":161751},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161753,2952],{},[20,161755,161756,161757,2838,161759,2838,161761,2842,161763,161765,161766,110],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161758,4093],{},[15,161760,2837],{},[15,161762,1892],{},[15,161764,198],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161767,160228],{},[244,161769,15516,161771,57626,161773,3143],{"id":161770},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161772,2952],{},[15,161774,45222],{},[20,161776,46782,161777,161779,161780,161782],{},[15,161778,2952],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161781,45222],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[244,161784,5801,161786,161789,161790,3143],{"id":161785},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161787,161788],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161791,4093],{},[20,161793,29466,161794,161796,161797,3530,161799,160890],{},[15,161795,3609],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161798,3529],{},[15,161800,3536],{},[244,161802,5813,161804,161806],{"id":161803},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161805,2952],{}," create classes?",[20,161808,161809,161810,110],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161811,161812],{},"type(object)",[33,161814,2526],{"id":2525},[174,161816,161817,161821,161827,161833,161837,161843,161849],{},[177,161818,161819],{},[210,161820,45214],{"href":49396},[177,161822,161823],{},[210,161824,4226,161825,4159],{"href":161069},[15,161826,45222],{},[177,161828,161829],{},[210,161830,4226,161831,4159],{"href":8865},[15,161832,3609],{},[177,161834,161835],{},[210,161836,9703],{"href":9625},[177,161838,161839],{},[210,161840,4226,161841,4159],{"href":3526},[15,161842,3529],{},[177,161844,161845],{},[210,161846,4226,161847,4159],{"href":3533},[15,161848,3536],{},[177,161850,161851],{},[210,161852,4226,161853,4159],{"href":42590},[15,161854,48101],{},[2563,161856,161857],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":161859},[161860,161861,161863,161864,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161880,161881,161891],{"id":4259,"depth":98,"text":4260},{"id":160234,"depth":98,"text":161862},"What the type() function does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":122308,"depth":98,"text":122309},{"id":160592,"depth":98,"text":161866},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160898,"depth":98,"text":161868},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161074,"depth":98,"text":161870},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161224,"depth":98,"text":161872},"When to use type()",{"id":25760,"depth":98,"text":25761,"children":161874},[161875,161877,161879],{"id":161373,"depth":135,"text":161876},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161433,"depth":135,"text":161878},"input() returns str",{"id":161489,"depth":135,"text":161490},{"id":1640,"depth":98,"text":1641},{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":161882},[161883,161885,161887,161889],{"id":161751,"depth":135,"text":161884},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161770,"depth":135,"text":161886},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161785,"depth":135,"text":161888},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161803,"depth":135,"text":161890},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160068,"description":161892},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161898,"title":161899,"body":161900,"description":164379,"extension":2611,"meta":164380,"navigation":357,"path":164381,"seo":164382,"stem":164383,"__hash__":164384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161901,"toc":164336},[161902,161907,161912,161921,161923,162023,162025,162050,162055,162060,162076,162079,162081,162083,162108,162111,162114,162197,162199,162248,162251,162373,162375,162448,162452,162455,162569,162571,162597,162599,162620,162625,162629,162634,162637,162741,162743,162760,162769,162772,162859,162861,162872,162877,162883,162888,162894,162897,162990,162992,163041,163047,163050,163151,163153,163206,163211,163215,163218,163317,163319,163358,163361,163366,163368,163373,163377,163490,163494,163591,163595,163683,163685,163702,163706,163829,163835,163841,163847,163852,163855,163882,163886,163888,163982,163985,163989,163992,164079,164082,164117,164119,164156,164159,164167,164172,164177,164251,164258,164260,164265,164268,164274,164277,164283,164288,164294,164299,164303,164306,164308,164333],[10,161903,4226,161905,4230],{"id":161904},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161906,64742],{},[20,161908,161909,161911],{},[15,161910,64742],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161913,161914,161915,161917,161918,161920],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161916,64742],{}," inside a ",[15,161919,6601],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[33,161922,36],{"id":35},[38,161924,161926],{"className":40,"code":161925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161927,161928,161960,161980,161984,162009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161929,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161931,5638],{"class":53},[47,161933,58],{"class":57},[47,161935,62],{"class":61},[47,161937,66],{"class":65},[47,161939,13508],{"class":69},[47,161941,66],{"class":65},[47,161943,75],{"class":61},[47,161945,78],{"class":65},[47,161947,36351],{"class":69},[47,161949,66],{"class":65},[47,161951,75],{"class":61},[47,161953,78],{"class":65},[47,161955,36360],{"class":69},[47,161957,66],{"class":65},[47,161959,95],{"class":61},[47,161961,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,161963,1311],{"class":53},[47,161965,58],{"class":57},[47,161967,62],{"class":61},[47,161969,14122],{"class":349},[47,161971,75],{"class":61},[47,161973,14127],{"class":349},[47,161975,75],{"class":61},[47,161977,29325],{"class":349},[47,161979,95],{"class":61},[47,161981,161982],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,161983,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,161985,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,161987,6601],{"class":1107},[47,161989,36402],{"class":53},[47,161991,75],{"class":61},[47,161993,5748],{"class":53},[47,161995,1114],{"class":1107},[47,161997,161998],{"class":138}," zip",[47,162000,117],{"class":61},[47,162002,5682],{"class":113},[47,162004,75],{"class":61},[47,162006,5753],{"class":113},[47,162008,8988],{"class":61},[47,162010,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,162012,8715],{"class":138},[47,162014,117],{"class":61},[47,162016,70],{"class":113},[47,162018,75],{"class":61},[47,162020,131286],{"class":113},[47,162022,132],{"class":61},[20,162024,372],{},[38,162026,162028],{"className":40,"code":162027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,162029,162030,162036,162043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162031,162032,162034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162033,134305],{"class":53},[47,162035,33543],{"class":349},[47,162037,162038,162041],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162039,162040],{"class":53},"Ben ",[47,162042,33548],{"class":349},[47,162044,162045,162048],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162046,162047],{"class":53},"Cara ",[47,162049,33553],{"class":349},[20,162051,156,162052,162054],{},[15,162053,64742],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[33,162056,164,162058,167],{"id":162057},"what-zip-does",[15,162059,64742],{},[174,162061,162062,162067,162070,162073],{},[177,162063,162064,162066],{},[15,162065,64742],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[177,162068,162069],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[177,162071,162072],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[177,162074,162075],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,162077,162078],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[33,162080,2806],{"id":2805},[20,162082,7863],{},[38,162084,162086],{"className":40,"code":162085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,162087,162088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162089,162090,162092,162094,162097,162099,162102,162104,162106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162091,64812],{"class":138},[47,162093,117],{"class":61},[47,162095,162096],{"class":113},"iterable1",[47,162098,75],{"class":61},[47,162100,162101],{"class":113}," iterable2",[47,162103,75],{"class":61},[47,162105,34862],{"class":138},[47,162107,132],{"class":61},[20,162109,162110],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,162112,162113],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[38,162115,162117],{"className":40,"code":162116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,162118,162119,162139,162171,162175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162120,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162122,4270],{"class":53},[47,162124,58],{"class":57},[47,162126,62],{"class":61},[47,162128,917],{"class":349},[47,162130,75],{"class":61},[47,162132,2409],{"class":349},[47,162134,75],{"class":61},[47,162136,2414],{"class":349},[47,162138,95],{"class":61},[47,162140,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162142,36501],{"class":53},[47,162144,58],{"class":57},[47,162146,62],{"class":61},[47,162148,66],{"class":65},[47,162150,210],{"class":69},[47,162152,66],{"class":65},[47,162154,75],{"class":61},[47,162156,78],{"class":65},[47,162158,854],{"class":69},[47,162160,66],{"class":65},[47,162162,75],{"class":61},[47,162164,78],{"class":65},[47,162166,863],{"class":69},[47,162168,66],{"class":65},[47,162170,95],{"class":61},[47,162172,162173],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162174,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,162176,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,162178,139],{"class":138},[47,162180,117],{"class":61},[47,162182,1892],{"class":106},[47,162184,117],{"class":61},[47,162186,64812],{"class":138},[47,162188,117],{"class":61},[47,162190,4300],{"class":113},[47,162192,75],{"class":61},[47,162194,70519],{"class":113},[47,162196,2425],{"class":61},[20,162198,372],{},[38,162200,162202],{"className":40,"code":162201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162203,162204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162205,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162207,22142],{"class":61},[47,162209,917],{"class":349},[47,162211,75],{"class":61},[47,162213,398],{"class":65},[47,162215,210],{"class":69},[47,162217,385],{"class":65},[47,162219,9875],{"class":61},[47,162221,9878],{"class":61},[47,162223,2705],{"class":349},[47,162225,75],{"class":61},[47,162227,398],{"class":65},[47,162229,854],{"class":69},[47,162231,385],{"class":65},[47,162233,9875],{"class":61},[47,162235,9878],{"class":61},[47,162237,2711],{"class":349},[47,162239,75],{"class":61},[47,162241,398],{"class":65},[47,162243,863],{"class":69},[47,162245,385],{"class":65},[47,162247,9891],{"class":61},[20,162249,162250],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[38,162252,162254],{"className":40,"code":162253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162255,162256,162288,162308,162342,162346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162257,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162259,5638],{"class":53},[47,162261,58],{"class":57},[47,162263,62],{"class":61},[47,162265,66],{"class":65},[47,162267,13508],{"class":69},[47,162269,66],{"class":65},[47,162271,75],{"class":61},[47,162273,78],{"class":65},[47,162275,36351],{"class":69},[47,162277,66],{"class":65},[47,162279,75],{"class":61},[47,162281,78],{"class":65},[47,162283,36360],{"class":69},[47,162285,66],{"class":65},[47,162287,95],{"class":61},[47,162289,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162291,1311],{"class":53},[47,162293,58],{"class":57},[47,162295,62],{"class":61},[47,162297,14122],{"class":349},[47,162299,75],{"class":61},[47,162301,14127],{"class":349},[47,162303,75],{"class":61},[47,162305,29325],{"class":349},[47,162307,95],{"class":61},[47,162309,162310,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162338,162340],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162311,162312],{"class":53},"grades ",[47,162314,58],{"class":57},[47,162316,62],{"class":61},[47,162318,66],{"class":65},[47,162320,22647],{"class":69},[47,162322,66],{"class":65},[47,162324,75],{"class":61},[47,162326,78],{"class":65},[47,162328,31006],{"class":69},[47,162330,66],{"class":65},[47,162332,75],{"class":61},[47,162334,78],{"class":65},[47,162336,162337],{"class":69},"B+",[47,162339,66],{"class":65},[47,162341,95],{"class":61},[47,162343,162344],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,162345,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,162347,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162371],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,162349,139],{"class":138},[47,162351,117],{"class":61},[47,162353,1892],{"class":106},[47,162355,117],{"class":61},[47,162357,64812],{"class":138},[47,162359,117],{"class":61},[47,162361,5682],{"class":113},[47,162363,75],{"class":61},[47,162365,5753],{"class":113},[47,162367,75],{"class":61},[47,162369,162370],{"class":113}," grades",[47,162372,2425],{"class":61},[20,162374,372],{},[38,162376,162378],{"className":40,"code":162377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162379,162380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162381,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162383,22142],{"class":61},[47,162385,385],{"class":65},[47,162387,13508],{"class":69},[47,162389,385],{"class":65},[47,162391,75],{"class":61},[47,162393,20299],{"class":349},[47,162395,75],{"class":61},[47,162397,398],{"class":65},[47,162399,22647],{"class":69},[47,162401,385],{"class":65},[47,162403,9875],{"class":61},[47,162405,9878],{"class":61},[47,162407,385],{"class":65},[47,162409,36351],{"class":69},[47,162411,385],{"class":65},[47,162413,75],{"class":61},[47,162415,14127],{"class":349},[47,162417,75],{"class":61},[47,162419,398],{"class":65},[47,162421,31006],{"class":69},[47,162423,385],{"class":65},[47,162425,9875],{"class":61},[47,162427,9878],{"class":61},[47,162429,385],{"class":65},[47,162431,36360],{"class":69},[47,162433,385],{"class":65},[47,162435,75],{"class":61},[47,162437,29325],{"class":349},[47,162439,75],{"class":61},[47,162441,398],{"class":65},[47,162443,162337],{"class":69},[47,162445,385],{"class":65},[47,162447,9891],{"class":61},[33,162449,162451],{"id":162450},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162453,162454],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[38,162456,162458],{"className":40,"code":162457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162459,162460,162492,162512,162516,162540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162461,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162463,5638],{"class":53},[47,162465,58],{"class":57},[47,162467,62],{"class":61},[47,162469,66],{"class":65},[47,162471,13508],{"class":69},[47,162473,66],{"class":65},[47,162475,75],{"class":61},[47,162477,78],{"class":65},[47,162479,36351],{"class":69},[47,162481,66],{"class":65},[47,162483,75],{"class":61},[47,162485,78],{"class":65},[47,162487,36360],{"class":69},[47,162489,66],{"class":65},[47,162491,95],{"class":61},[47,162493,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162495,1311],{"class":53},[47,162497,58],{"class":57},[47,162499,62],{"class":61},[47,162501,14122],{"class":349},[47,162503,75],{"class":61},[47,162505,14127],{"class":349},[47,162507,75],{"class":61},[47,162509,29325],{"class":349},[47,162511,95],{"class":61},[47,162513,162514],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162515,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,162517,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,162519,6601],{"class":1107},[47,162521,36402],{"class":53},[47,162523,75],{"class":61},[47,162525,5748],{"class":53},[47,162527,1114],{"class":1107},[47,162529,161998],{"class":138},[47,162531,117],{"class":61},[47,162533,5682],{"class":113},[47,162535,75],{"class":61},[47,162537,5753],{"class":113},[47,162539,8988],{"class":61},[47,162541,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,162543,8715],{"class":138},[47,162545,117],{"class":61},[47,162547,22696],{"class":2714},[47,162549,66],{"class":69},[47,162551,382],{"class":349},[47,162553,70],{"class":113},[47,162555,22705],{"class":349},[47,162557,162558],{"class":69}," scored ",[47,162560,382],{"class":349},[47,162562,85943],{"class":113},[47,162564,22705],{"class":349},[47,162566,66],{"class":69},[47,162568,132],{"class":61},[20,162570,372],{},[38,162572,162574],{"className":40,"code":162573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162575,162576,162583,162590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162577,162578,162581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162579,162580],{"class":53},"Ana scored ",[47,162582,33543],{"class":349},[47,162584,162585,162588],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162586,162587],{"class":53},"Ben scored ",[47,162589,33548],{"class":349},[47,162591,162592,162595],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162593,162594],{"class":53},"Cara scored ",[47,162596,33553],{"class":349},[20,162598,45347],{},[174,162600,162601,162610,162613],{},[177,162602,162603,162606,162607],{},[15,162604,162605],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162608,162609],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[177,162611,162612],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[177,162614,162615,5036,162617,162619],{},[15,162616,70],{},[15,162618,85943],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162621,162622,162623,110],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[210,162624,70036],{"href":70035},[33,162626,162628],{"id":162627},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162630,162631,162633],{},[15,162632,64742],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162635,162636],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[38,162638,162640],{"className":40,"code":162639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162641,162642,162683,162699,162703,162727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162643,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162679,162681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162645,5638],{"class":53},[47,162647,58],{"class":57},[47,162649,62],{"class":61},[47,162651,66],{"class":65},[47,162653,13508],{"class":69},[47,162655,66],{"class":65},[47,162657,75],{"class":61},[47,162659,78],{"class":65},[47,162661,36351],{"class":69},[47,162663,66],{"class":65},[47,162665,75],{"class":61},[47,162667,78],{"class":65},[47,162669,36360],{"class":69},[47,162671,66],{"class":65},[47,162673,75],{"class":61},[47,162675,78],{"class":65},[47,162677,162678],{"class":69},"Dan",[47,162680,66],{"class":65},[47,162682,95],{"class":61},[47,162684,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162686,1311],{"class":53},[47,162688,58],{"class":57},[47,162690,62],{"class":61},[47,162692,14122],{"class":349},[47,162694,75],{"class":61},[47,162696,14127],{"class":349},[47,162698,95],{"class":61},[47,162700,162701],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162702,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,162704,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,162706,6601],{"class":1107},[47,162708,36402],{"class":53},[47,162710,75],{"class":61},[47,162712,5748],{"class":53},[47,162714,1114],{"class":1107},[47,162716,161998],{"class":138},[47,162718,117],{"class":61},[47,162720,5682],{"class":113},[47,162722,75],{"class":61},[47,162724,5753],{"class":113},[47,162726,8988],{"class":61},[47,162728,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,162730,8715],{"class":138},[47,162732,117],{"class":61},[47,162734,70],{"class":113},[47,162736,75],{"class":61},[47,162738,131286],{"class":113},[47,162740,132],{"class":61},[20,162742,372],{},[38,162744,162746],{"className":40,"code":162745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162747,162748,162754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162749,162750,162752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162751,134305],{"class":53},[47,162753,33543],{"class":349},[47,162755,162756,162758],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162757,162040],{"class":53},[47,162759,33548],{"class":349},[20,162761,2936,162762,5036,162765,162768],{},[15,162763,162764],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162766,162767],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162770,162771],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[38,162773,162775],{"className":40,"code":162774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162776,162777,162817,162833,162837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162778,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162780,5638],{"class":53},[47,162782,58],{"class":57},[47,162784,62],{"class":61},[47,162786,66],{"class":65},[47,162788,13508],{"class":69},[47,162790,66],{"class":65},[47,162792,75],{"class":61},[47,162794,78],{"class":65},[47,162796,36351],{"class":69},[47,162798,66],{"class":65},[47,162800,75],{"class":61},[47,162802,78],{"class":65},[47,162804,36360],{"class":69},[47,162806,66],{"class":65},[47,162808,75],{"class":61},[47,162810,78],{"class":65},[47,162812,162678],{"class":69},[47,162814,66],{"class":65},[47,162816,95],{"class":61},[47,162818,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162820,1311],{"class":53},[47,162822,58],{"class":57},[47,162824,62],{"class":61},[47,162826,14122],{"class":349},[47,162828,75],{"class":61},[47,162830,14127],{"class":349},[47,162832,95],{"class":61},[47,162834,162835],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162836,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,162838,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,162840,139],{"class":138},[47,162842,117],{"class":61},[47,162844,11798],{"class":138},[47,162846,117],{"class":61},[47,162848,5682],{"class":113},[47,162850,9875],{"class":61},[47,162852,38799],{"class":138},[47,162854,117],{"class":61},[47,162856,1361],{"class":113},[47,162858,2266],{"class":61},[20,162860,372],{},[38,162862,162864],{"className":40,"code":162863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4 2\n",[15,162865,162866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162867,162868,162870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162869,3156],{"class":349},[47,162871,46006],{"class":349},[20,162873,162874,162875,110],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162876,64742],{},[33,162878,92534,162880,162882],{"id":162879},"converting-zip-output",[15,162881,64742],{}," output",[20,162884,29466,162885,162887],{},[15,162886,64742],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[244,162889,156,162891],{"id":162890},"use-listzip",[15,162892,162893],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162895,162896],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[38,162898,162900],{"className":40,"code":162899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162901,162902,162934,162954,162958,162980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162903,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162905,5638],{"class":53},[47,162907,58],{"class":57},[47,162909,62],{"class":61},[47,162911,66],{"class":65},[47,162913,13508],{"class":69},[47,162915,66],{"class":65},[47,162917,75],{"class":61},[47,162919,78],{"class":65},[47,162921,36351],{"class":69},[47,162923,66],{"class":65},[47,162925,75],{"class":61},[47,162927,78],{"class":65},[47,162929,36360],{"class":69},[47,162931,66],{"class":65},[47,162933,95],{"class":61},[47,162935,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,162937,1311],{"class":53},[47,162939,58],{"class":57},[47,162941,62],{"class":61},[47,162943,14122],{"class":349},[47,162945,75],{"class":61},[47,162947,14127],{"class":349},[47,162949,75],{"class":61},[47,162951,29325],{"class":349},[47,162953,95],{"class":61},[47,162955,162956],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,162957,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,162959,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,162961,9857],{"class":53},[47,162963,58],{"class":57},[47,162965,22962],{"class":106},[47,162967,117],{"class":61},[47,162969,64812],{"class":138},[47,162971,117],{"class":61},[47,162973,5682],{"class":113},[47,162975,75],{"class":61},[47,162977,5753],{"class":113},[47,162979,2266],{"class":61},[47,162981,162982,162984,162986,162988],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,162983,139],{"class":138},[47,162985,117],{"class":61},[47,162987,9904],{"class":113},[47,162989,132],{"class":61},[20,162991,372],{},[38,162993,162995],{"className":40,"code":162994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162996,162997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162998,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163000,22142],{"class":61},[47,163002,385],{"class":65},[47,163004,13508],{"class":69},[47,163006,385],{"class":65},[47,163008,75],{"class":61},[47,163010,20299],{"class":349},[47,163012,9875],{"class":61},[47,163014,9878],{"class":61},[47,163016,385],{"class":65},[47,163018,36351],{"class":69},[47,163020,385],{"class":65},[47,163022,75],{"class":61},[47,163024,14127],{"class":349},[47,163026,9875],{"class":61},[47,163028,9878],{"class":61},[47,163030,385],{"class":65},[47,163032,36360],{"class":69},[47,163034,385],{"class":65},[47,163036,75],{"class":61},[47,163038,29325],{"class":349},[47,163040,9891],{"class":61},[244,163042,156,163044],{"id":163043},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,163045,163046],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,163048,163049],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[38,163051,163053],{"className":40,"code":163052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,163054,163055,163087,163115,163119,163141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163056,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163058,54],{"class":53},[47,163060,58],{"class":57},[47,163062,62],{"class":61},[47,163064,66],{"class":65},[47,163066,70],{"class":69},[47,163068,66],{"class":65},[47,163070,75],{"class":61},[47,163072,78],{"class":65},[47,163074,81],{"class":69},[47,163076,66],{"class":65},[47,163078,75],{"class":61},[47,163080,78],{"class":65},[47,163082,90],{"class":69},[47,163084,66],{"class":65},[47,163086,95],{"class":61},[47,163088,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163090,4470],{"class":53},[47,163092,58],{"class":57},[47,163094,62],{"class":61},[47,163096,66],{"class":65},[47,163098,13508],{"class":69},[47,163100,66],{"class":65},[47,163102,75],{"class":61},[47,163104,9946],{"class":349},[47,163106,75],{"class":61},[47,163108,78],{"class":65},[47,163110,16641],{"class":69},[47,163112,66],{"class":65},[47,163114,95],{"class":61},[47,163116,163117],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163118,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163120,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,163122,101],{"class":53},[47,163124,58],{"class":57},[47,163126,107],{"class":106},[47,163128,117],{"class":61},[47,163130,64812],{"class":138},[47,163132,117],{"class":61},[47,163134,120],{"class":113},[47,163136,75],{"class":61},[47,163138,4529],{"class":113},[47,163140,2266],{"class":61},[47,163142,163143,163145,163147,163149],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,163144,139],{"class":138},[47,163146,117],{"class":61},[47,163148,144],{"class":113},[47,163150,132],{"class":61},[20,163152,372],{},[38,163154,163156],{"className":40,"code":163155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,163157,163158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163159,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163161,382],{"class":61},[47,163163,385],{"class":65},[47,163165,70],{"class":69},[47,163167,385],{"class":65},[47,163169,172],{"class":61},[47,163171,398],{"class":65},[47,163173,13508],{"class":69},[47,163175,385],{"class":65},[47,163177,75],{"class":61},[47,163179,398],{"class":65},[47,163181,81],{"class":69},[47,163183,385],{"class":65},[47,163185,172],{"class":61},[47,163187,9946],{"class":349},[47,163189,75],{"class":61},[47,163191,398],{"class":65},[47,163193,90],{"class":69},[47,163195,385],{"class":65},[47,163197,172],{"class":61},[47,163199,398],{"class":65},[47,163201,16641],{"class":69},[47,163203,385],{"class":65},[47,163205,421],{"class":61},[20,163207,163208,163209,110],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[210,163210,31493],{"href":31492},[244,163212,163214],{"id":163213},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163216,163217],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[38,163219,163221],{"className":40,"code":163220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163222,163223,163247,163263,163267,163285,163289,163303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163224,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163226,5638],{"class":53},[47,163228,58],{"class":57},[47,163230,62],{"class":61},[47,163232,66],{"class":65},[47,163234,13508],{"class":69},[47,163236,66],{"class":65},[47,163238,75],{"class":61},[47,163240,78],{"class":65},[47,163242,36351],{"class":69},[47,163244,66],{"class":65},[47,163246,95],{"class":61},[47,163248,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163250,1311],{"class":53},[47,163252,58],{"class":57},[47,163254,62],{"class":61},[47,163256,14122],{"class":349},[47,163258,75],{"class":61},[47,163260,14127],{"class":349},[47,163262,95],{"class":61},[47,163264,163265],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163266,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163268,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,163270,9857],{"class":53},[47,163272,58],{"class":57},[47,163274,161998],{"class":138},[47,163276,117],{"class":61},[47,163278,5682],{"class":113},[47,163280,75],{"class":61},[47,163282,5753],{"class":113},[47,163284,132],{"class":61},[47,163286,163287],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,163288,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163290,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,163292,139],{"class":138},[47,163294,117],{"class":61},[47,163296,1892],{"class":106},[47,163298,117],{"class":61},[47,163300,9904],{"class":113},[47,163302,2266],{"class":61},[47,163304,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,163306,139],{"class":138},[47,163308,117],{"class":61},[47,163310,1892],{"class":106},[47,163312,117],{"class":61},[47,163314,9904],{"class":113},[47,163316,2266],{"class":61},[20,163318,372],{},[38,163320,163322],{"className":40,"code":163321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163323,163324,163354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163325,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163327,22142],{"class":61},[47,163329,385],{"class":65},[47,163331,13508],{"class":69},[47,163333,385],{"class":65},[47,163335,75],{"class":61},[47,163337,20299],{"class":349},[47,163339,9875],{"class":61},[47,163341,9878],{"class":61},[47,163343,385],{"class":65},[47,163345,36351],{"class":69},[47,163347,385],{"class":65},[47,163349,75],{"class":61},[47,163351,14127],{"class":349},[47,163353,9891],{"class":61},[47,163355,163356],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163357,38710],{"class":61},[20,163359,163360],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163362,163363,163364,110],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[210,163365,5779],{"href":6231},[33,163367,41460],{"id":41459},[20,163369,163370,163371,110],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163372,64742],{},[244,163374,163376],{"id":163375},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[38,163378,163380],{"className":40,"code":163379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163381,163382,163414,163434,163438,163462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163383,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163385,5638],{"class":53},[47,163387,58],{"class":57},[47,163389,62],{"class":61},[47,163391,66],{"class":65},[47,163393,13508],{"class":69},[47,163395,66],{"class":65},[47,163397,75],{"class":61},[47,163399,78],{"class":65},[47,163401,36351],{"class":69},[47,163403,66],{"class":65},[47,163405,75],{"class":61},[47,163407,78],{"class":65},[47,163409,36360],{"class":69},[47,163411,66],{"class":65},[47,163413,95],{"class":61},[47,163415,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430,163432],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163417,1311],{"class":53},[47,163419,58],{"class":57},[47,163421,62],{"class":61},[47,163423,14122],{"class":349},[47,163425,75],{"class":61},[47,163427,14127],{"class":349},[47,163429,75],{"class":61},[47,163431,29325],{"class":349},[47,163433,95],{"class":61},[47,163435,163436],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163437,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163439,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,163441,6601],{"class":1107},[47,163443,36402],{"class":53},[47,163445,75],{"class":61},[47,163447,5748],{"class":53},[47,163449,1114],{"class":1107},[47,163451,161998],{"class":138},[47,163453,117],{"class":61},[47,163455,5682],{"class":113},[47,163457,75],{"class":61},[47,163459,5753],{"class":113},[47,163461,8988],{"class":61},[47,163463,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,163465,8715],{"class":138},[47,163467,117],{"class":61},[47,163469,22696],{"class":2714},[47,163471,66],{"class":69},[47,163473,382],{"class":349},[47,163475,70],{"class":113},[47,163477,22705],{"class":349},[47,163479,22708],{"class":69},[47,163481,382],{"class":349},[47,163483,85943],{"class":113},[47,163485,22705],{"class":349},[47,163487,66],{"class":69},[47,163489,132],{"class":61},[244,163491,163493],{"id":163492},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[38,163495,163497],{"className":40,"code":163496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163498,163499,163531,163555,163559,163581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163500,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163502,54],{"class":53},[47,163504,58],{"class":57},[47,163506,62],{"class":61},[47,163508,66],{"class":65},[47,163510,13278],{"class":69},[47,163512,66],{"class":65},[47,163514,75],{"class":61},[47,163516,78],{"class":65},[47,163518,70],{"class":69},[47,163520,66],{"class":65},[47,163522,75],{"class":61},[47,163524,78],{"class":65},[47,163526,16431],{"class":69},[47,163528,66],{"class":65},[47,163530,95],{"class":61},[47,163532,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163534,4470],{"class":53},[47,163536,58],{"class":57},[47,163538,62],{"class":61},[47,163540,47009],{"class":349},[47,163542,75],{"class":61},[47,163544,78],{"class":65},[47,163546,13508],{"class":69},[47,163548,66],{"class":65},[47,163550,75],{"class":61},[47,163552,1444],{"class":559},[47,163554,95],{"class":61},[47,163556,163557],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163558,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163560,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,163562,872],{"class":53},[47,163564,58],{"class":57},[47,163566,107],{"class":106},[47,163568,117],{"class":61},[47,163570,64812],{"class":138},[47,163572,117],{"class":61},[47,163574,120],{"class":113},[47,163576,75],{"class":61},[47,163578,4529],{"class":113},[47,163580,2266],{"class":61},[47,163582,163583,163585,163587,163589],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,163584,139],{"class":138},[47,163586,117],{"class":61},[47,163588,898],{"class":113},[47,163590,132],{"class":61},[244,163592,163594],{"id":163593},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[38,163596,163598],{"className":40,"code":163597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163599,163600,163620,163640,163644,163669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163601,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616,163618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163603,81081],{"class":53},[47,163605,58],{"class":57},[47,163607,62],{"class":61},[47,163609,2981],{"class":349},[47,163611,75],{"class":61},[47,163613,8436],{"class":349},[47,163615,75],{"class":61},[47,163617,8441],{"class":349},[47,163619,95],{"class":61},[47,163621,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634,163636,163638],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163623,81102],{"class":53},[47,163625,58],{"class":57},[47,163627,62],{"class":61},[47,163629,2981],{"class":349},[47,163631,75],{"class":61},[47,163633,9946],{"class":349},[47,163635,75],{"class":61},[47,163637,8441],{"class":349},[47,163639,95],{"class":61},[47,163641,163642],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163643,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163645,163646,163648,163650,163652,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,163647,6601],{"class":1107},[47,163649,57308],{"class":53},[47,163651,75],{"class":61},[47,163653,163654],{"class":53}," b ",[47,163656,1114],{"class":1107},[47,163658,161998],{"class":138},[47,163660,117],{"class":61},[47,163662,112173],{"class":113},[47,163664,75],{"class":61},[47,163666,81145],{"class":113},[47,163668,8988],{"class":61},[47,163670,163671,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,163672,8715],{"class":138},[47,163674,117],{"class":61},[47,163676,3206],{"class":113},[47,163678,5332],{"class":57},[47,163680,3211],{"class":113},[47,163682,132],{"class":61},[20,163684,372],{},[38,163686,163688],{"className":40,"code":163687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163689,163690,163694,163698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163691,163692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163693,4620],{"class":559},[47,163695,163696],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163697,4681],{"class":559},[47,163699,163700],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163701,4620],{"class":559},[244,163703,163705],{"id":163704},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[38,163707,163709],{"className":40,"code":163708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163710,163711,163746,163769,163773,163800],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163712,163713,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728,163730,163733,163735,163737,163739,163742,163744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163714,163715],{"class":53},"products ",[47,163717,58],{"class":57},[47,163719,62],{"class":61},[47,163721,66],{"class":65},[47,163723,25544],{"class":69},[47,163725,66],{"class":65},[47,163727,75],{"class":61},[47,163729,78],{"class":65},[47,163731,163732],{"class":69},"Pen",[47,163734,66],{"class":65},[47,163736,75],{"class":61},[47,163738,78],{"class":65},[47,163740,163741],{"class":69},"Bag",[47,163743,66],{"class":65},[47,163745,95],{"class":61},[47,163747,163748,163750,163752,163754,163757,163759,163762,163764,163767],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163749,83471],{"class":53},[47,163751,58],{"class":57},[47,163753,62],{"class":61},[47,163755,163756],{"class":349},"12.5",[47,163758,75],{"class":61},[47,163760,163761],{"class":349}," 1.2",[47,163763,75],{"class":61},[47,163765,163766],{"class":349}," 25.0",[47,163768,95],{"class":61},[47,163770,163771],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163772,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163774,163775,163777,163779,163781,163784,163786,163788,163790,163793,163795,163798],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,163776,6601],{"class":1107},[47,163778,25605],{"class":53},[47,163780,75],{"class":61},[47,163782,163783],{"class":53}," price ",[47,163785,1114],{"class":1107},[47,163787,161998],{"class":138},[47,163789,117],{"class":61},[47,163791,163792],{"class":113},"products",[47,163794,75],{"class":61},[47,163796,163797],{"class":113}," prices",[47,163799,8988],{"class":61},[47,163801,163802,163804,163806,163808,163810,163812,163814,163816,163819,163821,163823,163825,163827],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,163803,8715],{"class":138},[47,163805,117],{"class":61},[47,163807,22696],{"class":2714},[47,163809,66],{"class":69},[47,163811,382],{"class":349},[47,163813,27413],{"class":113},[47,163815,22705],{"class":349},[47,163817,163818],{"class":69}," costs $",[47,163820,382],{"class":349},[47,163822,25553],{"class":113},[47,163824,22705],{"class":349},[47,163826,66],{"class":69},[47,163828,132],{"class":61},[20,163830,37013,163831,110],{},[210,163832,163834],{"href":163833},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[33,163836,163838,163839],{"id":163837},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163840,64742],{},[244,163842,1968,163844,163846],{"id":163843},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163845,64742],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163848,163849,163851],{},[15,163850,64742],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163853,163854],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[38,163856,163858],{"className":40,"code":163857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163859,163860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163861,163862,163864,163866,163868,163870,163872,163874,163876,163878,163880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163863,139],{"class":138},[47,163865,117],{"class":61},[47,163867,11798],{"class":138},[47,163869,117],{"class":61},[47,163871,112173],{"class":113},[47,163873,9875],{"class":61},[47,163875,38799],{"class":138},[47,163877,117],{"class":61},[47,163879,81368],{"class":113},[47,163881,2266],{"class":61},[244,163883,163885],{"id":163884},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163887,69259],{},[38,163889,163891],{"className":40,"code":163890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163892,163893,163929,163933,163946,163956,163960,163972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163894,163895,163897,163899,163901,163903,163905,163907,163909,163911,163913,163915,163917,163919,163921,163923,163925,163927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163896,9857],{"class":53},[47,163898,58],{"class":57},[47,163900,161998],{"class":138},[47,163902,1258],{"class":61},[47,163904,917],{"class":349},[47,163906,75],{"class":61},[47,163908,2409],{"class":349},[47,163910,959],{"class":61},[47,163912,62],{"class":61},[47,163914,66],{"class":65},[47,163916,210],{"class":69},[47,163918,66],{"class":65},[47,163920,75],{"class":61},[47,163922,78],{"class":65},[47,163924,854],{"class":69},[47,163926,66],{"class":65},[47,163928,2166],{"class":61},[47,163930,163931],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,163932,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163934,163935,163937,163939,163941,163944],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,163936,6601],{"class":1107},[47,163938,6604],{"class":53},[47,163940,1114],{"class":1107},[47,163942,163943],{"class":53}," pairs",[47,163945,7038],{"class":61},[47,163947,163948,163950,163952,163954],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,163949,8715],{"class":138},[47,163951,117],{"class":61},[47,163953,23713],{"class":113},[47,163955,132],{"class":61},[47,163957,163958],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,163959,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,163961,163962,163964,163966,163968,163970],{"class":49,"line":716},[47,163963,6601],{"class":1107},[47,163965,6604],{"class":53},[47,163967,1114],{"class":1107},[47,163969,163943],{"class":53},[47,163971,7038],{"class":61},[47,163973,163974,163976,163978,163980],{"class":49,"line":721},[47,163975,8715],{"class":138},[47,163977,117],{"class":61},[47,163979,23713],{"class":113},[47,163981,132],{"class":61},[20,163983,163984],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[244,163986,163988],{"id":163987},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163990,163991],{},"This is correct:",[38,163993,163995],{"className":40,"code":163994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163996,163997,164021,164037,164041,164065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163998,163999,164001,164003,164005,164007,164009,164011,164013,164015,164017,164019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,164000,5638],{"class":53},[47,164002,58],{"class":57},[47,164004,62],{"class":61},[47,164006,66],{"class":65},[47,164008,13508],{"class":69},[47,164010,66],{"class":65},[47,164012,75],{"class":61},[47,164014,78],{"class":65},[47,164016,36351],{"class":69},[47,164018,66],{"class":65},[47,164020,95],{"class":61},[47,164022,164023,164025,164027,164029,164031,164033,164035],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,164024,1311],{"class":53},[47,164026,58],{"class":57},[47,164028,62],{"class":61},[47,164030,14122],{"class":349},[47,164032,75],{"class":61},[47,164034,14127],{"class":349},[47,164036,95],{"class":61},[47,164038,164039],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,164040,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,164042,164043,164045,164047,164049,164051,164053,164055,164057,164059,164061,164063],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,164044,6601],{"class":1107},[47,164046,36402],{"class":53},[47,164048,75],{"class":61},[47,164050,5748],{"class":53},[47,164052,1114],{"class":1107},[47,164054,161998],{"class":138},[47,164056,117],{"class":61},[47,164058,5682],{"class":113},[47,164060,75],{"class":61},[47,164062,5753],{"class":113},[47,164064,8988],{"class":61},[47,164066,164067,164069,164071,164073,164075,164077],{"class":49,"line":692},[47,164068,8715],{"class":138},[47,164070,117],{"class":61},[47,164072,70],{"class":113},[47,164074,75],{"class":61},[47,164076,131286],{"class":113},[47,164078,132],{"class":61},[20,164080,164081],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[38,164083,164085],{"className":40,"code":164084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,164086,164087,164107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,164088,164089,164091,164093,164095,164097,164099,164101,164103,164105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,164090,6601],{"class":1107},[47,164092,6604],{"class":53},[47,164094,1114],{"class":1107},[47,164096,161998],{"class":138},[47,164098,117],{"class":61},[47,164100,5682],{"class":113},[47,164102,75],{"class":61},[47,164104,5753],{"class":113},[47,164106,8988],{"class":61},[47,164108,164109,164111,164113,164115],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,164110,8715],{"class":138},[47,164112,117],{"class":61},[47,164114,23713],{"class":113},[47,164116,132],{"class":61},[20,164118,372],{},[38,164120,164122],{"className":40,"code":164121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,164123,164124,164140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,164125,164126,164128,164130,164132,164134,164136,164138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,164127,117],{"class":61},[47,164129,385],{"class":65},[47,164131,13508],{"class":69},[47,164133,385],{"class":65},[47,164135,75],{"class":61},[47,164137,20299],{"class":349},[47,164139,132],{"class":61},[47,164141,164142,164144,164146,164148,164150,164152,164154],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,164143,117],{"class":61},[47,164145,385],{"class":65},[47,164147,36351],{"class":69},[47,164149,385],{"class":65},[47,164151,75],{"class":61},[47,164153,14127],{"class":349},[47,164155,132],{"class":61},[20,164157,164158],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[244,164160,453,164162,164164,164165],{"id":164161},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,164163,64742],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,164166,36159],{},[20,164168,156,164169,164171],{},[15,164170,64742],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,164173,156,164174,164176],{},[15,164175,36159],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[38,164178,164179],{"className":40,"code":36328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,164180,164181,164213,164217,164237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,164182,164183,164185,164187,164189,164191,164193,164195,164197,164199,164201,164203,164205,164207,164209,164211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,164184,5638],{"class":53},[47,164186,58],{"class":57},[47,164188,62],{"class":61},[47,164190,66],{"class":65},[47,164192,13508],{"class":69},[47,164194,66],{"class":65},[47,164196,75],{"class":61},[47,164198,78],{"class":65},[47,164200,36351],{"class":69},[47,164202,66],{"class":65},[47,164204,75],{"class":61},[47,164206,78],{"class":65},[47,164208,36360],{"class":69},[47,164210,66],{"class":65},[47,164212,95],{"class":61},[47,164214,164215],{"class":49,"line":98},[47,164216,358],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":357},[47,164218,164219,164221,164223,164225,164227,164229,164231,164233,164235],{"class":49,"line":135},[47,164220,6601],{"class":1107},[47,164222,36231],{"class":53},[47,164224,75],{"class":61},[47,164226,36379],{"class":53},[47,164228,1114],{"class":1107},[47,164230,36241],{"class":138},[47,164232,117],{"class":61},[47,164234,5682],{"class":113},[47,164236,8988],{"class":61},[47,164238,164239,164241,164243,164245,164247,164249],{"class":49,"line":149},[47,164240,8715],{"class":138},[47,164242,117],{"class":61},[47,164244,36256],{"class":113},[47,164246,75],{"class":61},[47,164248,36402],{"class":113},[47,164250,132],{"class":61},[20,164252,164253,164254,110],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[210,164255,4226,164256,4159],{"href":92446},[15,164257,36159],{},[33,164259,2429],{"id":2428},[244,164261,5785,164263,5788],{"id":164262},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164264,64742],{},[20,164266,164267],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[244,164269,2433,164271,164273],{"id":164270},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164272,64742],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164275,164276],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[244,164278,164280,164281,3143],{"id":164279},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164282,64742],{},[20,164284,164285,164286,110],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164287,162893],{},[244,164289,164291,164292,3143],{"id":164290},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164293,64742],{},[20,164295,128651,164296,164298],{},[15,164297,163046],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[244,164300,164302],{"id":164301},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164304,164305],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[33,164307,2526],{"id":2525},[174,164309,164310,164315,164321,164325,164329],{},[177,164311,164312],{},[210,164313,164314],{"href":163833},"How to use zip in Python",[177,164316,164317],{},[210,164318,4226,164319,4159],{"href":92446},[15,164320,36159],{},[177,164322,164323],{},[210,164324,5860],{"href":6231},[177,164326,164327],{},[210,164328,70112],{"href":70035},[177,164330,164331],{},[210,164332,32667],{"href":31492},[2563,164334,164335],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":164337},[164338,164339,164341,164342,164343,164344,164352,164358,164367,164378],{"id":35,"depth":98,"text":36},{"id":162057,"depth":98,"text":164340},"What zip() does",{"id":2805,"depth":98,"text":2806},{"id":162450,"depth":98,"text":162451},{"id":162627,"depth":98,"text":162628},{"id":162879,"depth":98,"text":164345,"children":164346},"Converting zip() output",[164347,164349,164351],{"id":162890,"depth":135,"text":164348},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":163043,"depth":135,"text":164350},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163213,"depth":135,"text":163214},{"id":41459,"depth":98,"text":41460,"children":164353},[164354,164355,164356,164357],{"id":163375,"depth":135,"text":163376},{"id":163492,"depth":135,"text":163493},{"id":163593,"depth":135,"text":163594},{"id":163704,"depth":135,"text":163705},{"id":163837,"depth":98,"text":164359,"children":164360},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164361,164363,164364,164365],{"id":163843,"depth":135,"text":164362},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163884,"depth":135,"text":163885},{"id":163987,"depth":135,"text":163988},{"id":164161,"depth":135,"text":164366},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2428,"depth":98,"text":2429,"children":164368},[164369,164371,164373,164375,164377],{"id":164262,"depth":135,"text":164370},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164270,"depth":135,"text":164372},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164279,"depth":135,"text":164374},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164290,"depth":135,"text":164376},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164301,"depth":135,"text":164302},{"id":2525,"depth":98,"text":2526},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161899,"description":164379},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944822159]