[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163781},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method":3,"nav-reference":1987},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1980,"extension":1981,"meta":1982,"navigation":111,"path":1983,"seo":1984,"stem":1985,"__hash__":1986},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1947},"minimark",[9,19,26,40,210,218,226,232,251,254,355,358,376,384,388,393,434,437,455,457,579,585,590,606,609,748,751,758,764,767,807,810,815,820,897,901,906,988,991,1008,1015,1019,1025,1096,1099,1116,1119,1210,1217,1220,1242,1246,1251,1257,1264,1335,1338,1344,1347,1421,1428,1434,1442,1452,1454,1551,1557,1563,1653,1660,1664,1669,1693,1696,1800,1803,1835,1854,1858,1868,1874,1880,1883,1889,1894,1901,1906,1910,1943],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-get-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"get()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The dictionary ",[15,24,17],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,27,28,29,32,33,35,36,39],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,30,31],{},"KeyError",", ",[15,34,17],{}," returns ",[15,37,38],{},"None"," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[41,42,47],"pre",{"className":43,"code":44,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n","python","",[15,48,49,106,113,148,175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51,54,58,62,66,70,74,76,79,82,85,87,90,92,95,97,99,103],"span",{"class":52,"line":53},"line",1,[50,55,57],{"class":56},"su5hD","person ",[50,59,61],{"class":60},"smGrS","=",[50,63,65],{"class":64},"sP7_E"," {",[50,67,69],{"class":68},"sjJ54","\"",[50,71,73],{"class":72},"s_sjI","name",[50,75,69],{"class":68},[50,77,78],{"class":64},":",[50,80,81],{"class":68}," \"",[50,83,84],{"class":72},"Ana",[50,86,69],{"class":68},[50,88,89],{"class":64},",",[50,91,81],{"class":68},[50,93,94],{"class":72},"age",[50,96,69],{"class":68},[50,98,78],{"class":64},[50,100,102],{"class":101},"srdBf"," 25",[50,104,105],{"class":64},"}\n",[50,107,109],{"class":52,"line":108},2,[50,110,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},true,"\n",[50,114,116,120,123,127,130,133,135,137,139,141,144],{"class":52,"line":115},3,[50,117,119],{"class":118},"sptTA","print",[50,121,122],{"class":64},"(",[50,124,126],{"class":125},"slqww","person",[50,128,129],{"class":64},".",[50,131,132],{"class":125},"get",[50,134,122],{"class":64},[50,136,69],{"class":68},[50,138,73],{"class":72},[50,140,69],{"class":68},[50,142,143],{"class":64},"))",[50,145,147],{"class":146},"sutJx","           # Ana\n",[50,149,151,153,155,157,159,161,163,165,168,170,172],{"class":52,"line":150},4,[50,152,119],{"class":118},[50,154,122],{"class":64},[50,156,126],{"class":125},[50,158,129],{"class":64},[50,160,132],{"class":125},[50,162,122],{"class":64},[50,164,69],{"class":68},[50,166,167],{"class":72},"city",[50,169,69],{"class":68},[50,171,143],{"class":64},[50,173,174],{"class":146},"           # None\n",[50,176,178,180,182,184,186,188,190,192,194,196,198,200,203,205,207],{"class":52,"line":177},5,[50,179,119],{"class":118},[50,181,122],{"class":64},[50,183,126],{"class":125},[50,185,129],{"class":64},[50,187,132],{"class":125},[50,189,122],{"class":64},[50,191,69],{"class":68},[50,193,167],{"class":72},[50,195,69],{"class":68},[50,197,89],{"class":64},[50,199,81],{"class":68},[50,201,202],{"class":72},"N\u002FA",[50,204,69],{"class":68},[50,206,143],{"class":64},[50,208,209],{"class":146},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,211,212,213,215,216,129],{},"Use ",[15,214,17],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,217,31],{},[219,220,222,223,225],"h2",{"id":221},"what-get-does","What ",[15,224,17],{}," does",[20,227,228,229,231],{},"The ",[15,230,17],{}," method:",[233,234,235,239,245,248],"ul",{},[236,237,238],"li",{},"Returns the value for a given key",[236,240,241,242,244],{},"Returns ",[15,243,38],{}," if the key does not exist",[236,246,247],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[236,249,250],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,252,253],{},"Example:",[41,255,257],{"className":43,"code":256,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,258,259,299,303,329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,260,261,264,266,268,270,272,274,276,278,281,283,285,287,290,292,294,297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,262,263],{"class":56},"student ",[50,265,61],{"class":60},[50,267,65],{"class":64},[50,269,69],{"class":68},[50,271,73],{"class":72},[50,273,69],{"class":68},[50,275,78],{"class":64},[50,277,81],{"class":68},[50,279,280],{"class":72},"Lina",[50,282,69],{"class":68},[50,284,89],{"class":64},[50,286,81],{"class":68},[50,288,289],{"class":72},"grade",[50,291,69],{"class":68},[50,293,78],{"class":64},[50,295,296],{"class":101}," 90",[50,298,105],{"class":64},[50,300,301],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,302,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,304,305,307,309,312,314,316,318,320,322,324,326],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,306,119],{"class":118},[50,308,122],{"class":64},[50,310,311],{"class":125},"student",[50,313,129],{"class":64},[50,315,132],{"class":125},[50,317,122],{"class":64},[50,319,69],{"class":68},[50,321,73],{"class":72},[50,323,69],{"class":68},[50,325,143],{"class":64},[50,327,328],{"class":146},"     # Lina\n",[50,330,331,333,335,337,339,341,343,345,348,350,352],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,332,119],{"class":118},[50,334,122],{"class":64},[50,336,311],{"class":125},[50,338,129],{"class":64},[50,340,132],{"class":125},[50,342,122],{"class":64},[50,344,69],{"class":68},[50,346,347],{"class":72},"email",[50,349,69],{"class":68},[50,351,143],{"class":64},[50,353,354],{"class":146},"    # None\n",[20,356,357],{},"In this example:",[233,359,360,366],{},[236,361,362,365],{},[15,363,364],{},"\"name\""," exists, so its value is returned",[236,367,368,371,372,35,374],{},[15,369,370],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,373,17],{},[15,375,38],{},[20,377,378,379,129],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[380,381,383],"a",{"href":382},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[219,385,387],{"id":386},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,389,390,391,78],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,392,17],{},[41,394,396],{"className":43,"code":395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,397,398,415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,399,400,403,405,407,409,412],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,401,402],{"class":56},"dictionary",[50,404,129],{"class":64},[50,406,132],{"class":125},[50,408,122],{"class":64},[50,410,411],{"class":125},"key",[50,413,414],{"class":64},")\n",[50,416,417,419,421,423,425,427,429,432],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,418,402],{"class":56},[50,420,129],{"class":64},[50,422,132],{"class":125},[50,424,122],{"class":64},[50,426,411],{"class":125},[50,428,89],{"class":64},[50,430,431],{"class":125}," default_value",[50,433,414],{"class":64},[20,435,436],{},"What each part means:",[233,438,439,444,450],{},[236,440,441,443],{},[15,442,411],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[236,445,446,449],{},[15,447,448],{},"default_value"," is optional",[236,451,452,453],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,454,38],{},[20,456,253],{},[41,458,460],{"className":43,"code":459,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,461,462,489,493,519,545],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,463,464,467,469,471,473,476,478,480,482,485,487],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,465,466],{"class":56},"settings ",[50,468,61],{"class":60},[50,470,65],{"class":64},[50,472,69],{"class":68},[50,474,475],{"class":72},"theme",[50,477,69],{"class":68},[50,479,78],{"class":64},[50,481,81],{"class":68},[50,483,484],{"class":72},"dark",[50,486,69],{"class":68},[50,488,105],{"class":64},[50,490,491],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,492,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,494,495,497,499,502,504,506,508,510,512,514,516],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,496,119],{"class":118},[50,498,122],{"class":64},[50,500,501],{"class":125},"settings",[50,503,129],{"class":64},[50,505,132],{"class":125},[50,507,122],{"class":64},[50,509,69],{"class":68},[50,511,475],{"class":72},[50,513,69],{"class":68},[50,515,143],{"class":64},[50,517,518],{"class":146},"            # dark\n",[50,520,521,523,525,527,529,531,533,535,538,540,542],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,522,119],{"class":118},[50,524,122],{"class":64},[50,526,501],{"class":125},[50,528,129],{"class":64},[50,530,132],{"class":125},[50,532,122],{"class":64},[50,534,69],{"class":68},[50,536,537],{"class":72},"language",[50,539,69],{"class":68},[50,541,143],{"class":64},[50,543,544],{"class":146},"         # None\n",[50,546,547,549,551,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,567,569,572,574,576],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,548,119],{"class":118},[50,550,122],{"class":64},[50,552,501],{"class":125},[50,554,129],{"class":64},[50,556,132],{"class":125},[50,558,122],{"class":64},[50,560,69],{"class":68},[50,562,537],{"class":72},[50,564,69],{"class":68},[50,566,89],{"class":64},[50,568,81],{"class":68},[50,570,571],{"class":72},"en",[50,573,69],{"class":68},[50,575,143],{"class":64},[50,577,578],{"class":146},"   # en\n",[219,580,582,583],{"id":581},"when-to-use-get","When to use ",[15,584,17],{},[20,586,212,587,589],{},[15,588,17],{}," when:",[233,591,592,595,600,603],{},[236,593,594],{},"A key might not exist",[236,596,597,598],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,599,31],{},[236,601,602],{},"You are reading optional data",[236,604,605],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,607,608],{},"Example with optional user data:",[41,610,612],{"className":43,"code":611,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,613,614,658,662,688,714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,615,616,619,621,623,625,628,630,632,634,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,654,656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,617,618],{"class":56},"user ",[50,620,61],{"class":60},[50,622,65],{"class":64},[50,624,69],{"class":68},[50,626,627],{"class":72},"username",[50,629,69],{"class":68},[50,631,78],{"class":64},[50,633,81],{"class":68},[50,635,636],{"class":72},"sam",[50,638,69],{"class":68},[50,640,89],{"class":64},[50,642,81],{"class":68},[50,644,347],{"class":72},[50,646,69],{"class":68},[50,648,78],{"class":64},[50,650,81],{"class":68},[50,652,653],{"class":72},"sam@example.com",[50,655,69],{"class":68},[50,657,105],{"class":64},[50,659,660],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,661,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,663,664,666,668,671,673,675,677,679,681,683,685],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,665,119],{"class":118},[50,667,122],{"class":64},[50,669,670],{"class":125},"user",[50,672,129],{"class":64},[50,674,132],{"class":125},[50,676,122],{"class":64},[50,678,69],{"class":68},[50,680,627],{"class":72},[50,682,69],{"class":68},[50,684,143],{"class":64},[50,686,687],{"class":146},"              # sam\n",[50,689,690,692,694,696,698,700,702,704,707,709,711],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,691,119],{"class":118},[50,693,122],{"class":64},[50,695,670],{"class":125},[50,697,129],{"class":64},[50,699,132],{"class":125},[50,701,122],{"class":64},[50,703,69],{"class":68},[50,705,706],{"class":72},"phone",[50,708,69],{"class":68},[50,710,143],{"class":64},[50,712,713],{"class":146},"                 # None\n",[50,715,716,718,720,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738,741,743,745],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,717,119],{"class":118},[50,719,122],{"class":64},[50,721,670],{"class":125},[50,723,129],{"class":64},[50,725,132],{"class":125},[50,727,122],{"class":64},[50,729,69],{"class":68},[50,731,706],{"class":72},[50,733,69],{"class":68},[50,735,89],{"class":64},[50,737,81],{"class":68},[50,739,740],{"class":72},"Not provided",[50,742,69],{"class":68},[50,744,143],{"class":64},[50,746,747],{"class":146}," # Not provided\n",[20,749,750],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,752,753,754,129],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[380,755,757],{"href":756},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[219,759,761,763],{"id":760},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,762,17],{}," vs square brackets",[20,765,766],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[41,768,770],{"className":43,"code":769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,771,772,789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,773,774,777,780,782,784,786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,775,776],{"class":56},"data",[50,778,779],{"class":64},"[",[50,781,69],{"class":68},[50,783,411],{"class":72},[50,785,69],{"class":68},[50,787,788],{"class":64},"]\n",[50,790,791,793,795,797,799,801,803,805],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,792,776],{"class":56},[50,794,129],{"class":64},[50,796,132],{"class":125},[50,798,122],{"class":64},[50,800,69],{"class":68},[50,802,411],{"class":72},[50,804,69],{"class":68},[50,806,414],{"class":64},[20,808,809],{},"The difference is important.",[811,812,814],"h3",{"id":813},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,816,817,818,129],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,819,31],{},[41,821,823],{"className":43,"code":822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,824,825,850,854,876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,826,827,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846,848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,828,829],{"class":56},"data ",[50,831,61],{"class":60},[50,833,65],{"class":64},[50,835,69],{"class":68},[50,837,73],{"class":72},[50,839,69],{"class":68},[50,841,78],{"class":64},[50,843,81],{"class":68},[50,845,84],{"class":72},[50,847,69],{"class":68},[50,849,105],{"class":64},[50,851,852],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,853,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,855,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,873],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,857,119],{"class":118},[50,859,122],{"class":64},[50,861,776],{"class":125},[50,863,779],{"class":64},[50,865,69],{"class":68},[50,867,73],{"class":72},[50,869,69],{"class":68},[50,871,872],{"class":64},"])",[50,874,875],{"class":146},"   # Ana\n",[50,877,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,879,119],{"class":118},[50,881,122],{"class":64},[50,883,776],{"class":125},[50,885,779],{"class":64},[50,887,69],{"class":68},[50,889,167],{"class":72},[50,891,69],{"class":68},[50,893,872],{"class":64},[50,895,896],{"class":146},"   # KeyError\n",[811,898,899],{"id":132},[15,900,17],{},[20,902,903,905],{},[15,904,17],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[41,907,909],{"className":43,"code":908,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,910,911,935,939,963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,912,913,915,917,919,921,923,925,927,929,931,933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,914,829],{"class":56},[50,916,61],{"class":60},[50,918,65],{"class":64},[50,920,69],{"class":68},[50,922,73],{"class":72},[50,924,69],{"class":68},[50,926,78],{"class":64},[50,928,81],{"class":68},[50,930,84],{"class":72},[50,932,69],{"class":68},[50,934,105],{"class":64},[50,936,937],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,938,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,940,941,943,945,947,949,951,953,955,957,959,961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,942,119],{"class":118},[50,944,122],{"class":64},[50,946,776],{"class":125},[50,948,129],{"class":64},[50,950,132],{"class":125},[50,952,122],{"class":64},[50,954,69],{"class":68},[50,956,73],{"class":72},[50,958,69],{"class":68},[50,960,143],{"class":64},[50,962,875],{"class":146},[50,964,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,966,119],{"class":118},[50,968,122],{"class":64},[50,970,776],{"class":125},[50,972,129],{"class":64},[50,974,132],{"class":125},[50,976,122],{"class":64},[50,978,69],{"class":68},[50,980,167],{"class":72},[50,982,69],{"class":68},[50,984,143],{"class":64},[50,986,987],{"class":146},"   # None\n",[20,989,990],{},"Use:",[233,992,993,1000],{},[236,994,995,996],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[997,998,999],"strong",{},"must exist",[236,1001,1002,1004,1005],{},[15,1003,17],{}," when the key is ",[997,1006,1007],{},"optional",[20,1009,1010,1011,129],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[380,1012,1014],{"href":1013},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[219,1016,1018],{"id":1017},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,1020,1021,1022,1024],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,1023,17],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[41,1026,1028],{"className":43,"code":1027,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,1029,1030,1056,1060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1031,1032,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1052,1054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1033,1034],{"class":56},"profile ",[50,1036,61],{"class":60},[50,1038,65],{"class":64},[50,1040,69],{"class":68},[50,1042,73],{"class":72},[50,1044,69],{"class":68},[50,1046,78],{"class":64},[50,1048,81],{"class":68},[50,1050,1051],{"class":72},"Mia",[50,1053,69],{"class":68},[50,1055,105],{"class":64},[50,1057,1058],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1059,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1061,1062,1064,1066,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077,1080,1082,1084,1086,1089,1091,1093],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1063,119],{"class":118},[50,1065,122],{"class":64},[50,1067,1068],{"class":125},"profile",[50,1070,129],{"class":64},[50,1072,132],{"class":125},[50,1074,122],{"class":64},[50,1076,69],{"class":68},[50,1078,1079],{"class":72},"country",[50,1081,69],{"class":68},[50,1083,89],{"class":64},[50,1085,81],{"class":68},[50,1087,1088],{"class":72},"Unknown",[50,1090,69],{"class":68},[50,1092,143],{"class":64},[50,1094,1095],{"class":146},"  # Unknown\n",[20,1097,1098],{},"This is useful for display text:",[233,1100,1101,1106,1111],{},[236,1102,1103],{},[15,1104,1105],{},"\"Unknown\"",[236,1107,1108],{},[15,1109,1110],{},"\"Not set\"",[236,1112,1113],{},[15,1114,1115],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,1117,1118],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[41,1120,1122],{"className":43,"code":1121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,1123,1124,1161,1165,1195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1125,1126,1129,1131,1133,1135,1138,1140,1142,1145,1147,1149,1152,1154,1156,1159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1127,1128],{"class":56},"scores ",[50,1130,61],{"class":60},[50,1132,65],{"class":64},[50,1134,69],{"class":68},[50,1136,1137],{"class":72},"math",[50,1139,69],{"class":68},[50,1141,78],{"class":64},[50,1143,1144],{"class":101}," 10",[50,1146,89],{"class":64},[50,1148,81],{"class":68},[50,1150,1151],{"class":72},"science",[50,1153,69],{"class":68},[50,1155,78],{"class":64},[50,1157,1158],{"class":101}," 8",[50,1160,105],{"class":64},[50,1162,1163],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1164,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1166,1167,1170,1172,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1186,1188,1190,1193],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1168,1169],{"class":56},"total_history ",[50,1171,61],{"class":60},[50,1173,1174],{"class":56}," scores",[50,1176,129],{"class":64},[50,1178,132],{"class":125},[50,1180,122],{"class":64},[50,1182,69],{"class":68},[50,1184,1185],{"class":72},"history",[50,1187,69],{"class":68},[50,1189,89],{"class":64},[50,1191,1192],{"class":101}," 0",[50,1194,414],{"class":64},[50,1196,1197,1199,1201,1204,1207],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1198,119],{"class":118},[50,1200,122],{"class":64},[50,1202,1203],{"class":125},"total_history",[50,1205,1206],{"class":64},")",[50,1208,1209],{"class":146},"   # 0\n",[20,1211,1212,1213,1216],{},"Here, ",[15,1214,1215],{},"0"," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,1218,1219],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[233,1221,1222,1225,1230,1236],{},[236,1223,1224],{},"Use a string for text",[236,1226,212,1227,1229],{},[15,1228,1215],{}," for numbers",[236,1231,212,1232,1235],{},[15,1233,1234],{},"[]"," for lists if needed",[236,1237,212,1238,1241],{},[15,1239,1240],{},"{}"," for dictionaries if needed",[219,1243,1245],{"id":1244},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,1247,1248,1249,129],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,1250,17],{},[811,1252,1254,1256],{"id":1253},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,1255,17],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,1258,1259,1260,1263],{},"This code does ",[997,1261,1262],{},"not"," create a new key:",[41,1265,1267],{"className":43,"code":1266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,1268,1269,1293,1297,1322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1270,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1272,57],{"class":56},[50,1274,61],{"class":60},[50,1276,65],{"class":64},[50,1278,69],{"class":68},[50,1280,73],{"class":72},[50,1282,69],{"class":68},[50,1284,78],{"class":64},[50,1286,81],{"class":68},[50,1288,84],{"class":72},[50,1290,69],{"class":68},[50,1292,105],{"class":64},[50,1294,1295],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1296,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1298,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1300,119],{"class":118},[50,1302,122],{"class":64},[50,1304,126],{"class":125},[50,1306,129],{"class":64},[50,1308,132],{"class":125},[50,1310,122],{"class":64},[50,1312,69],{"class":68},[50,1314,167],{"class":72},[50,1316,69],{"class":68},[50,1318,143],{"class":64},[50,1320,1321],{"class":146},"  # None\n",[50,1323,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1325,119],{"class":118},[50,1327,122],{"class":64},[50,1329,126],{"class":125},[50,1331,1206],{"class":64},[50,1333,1334],{"class":146},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,1336,1337],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[811,1339,1341,1343],{"id":1340},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,1342,17],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,1345,1346],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[41,1348,1350],{"className":43,"code":1349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,1351,1352,1378,1382,1408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1353,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1365,1367,1369,1371,1374,1376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1355,466],{"class":56},[50,1357,61],{"class":60},[50,1359,65],{"class":64},[50,1361,69],{"class":68},[50,1363,1364],{"class":72},"mode",[50,1366,69],{"class":68},[50,1368,78],{"class":64},[50,1370,81],{"class":68},[50,1372,1373],{"class":72},"light",[50,1375,69],{"class":68},[50,1377,105],{"class":64},[50,1379,1380],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1381,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1385,501],{"class":56},[50,1387,129],{"class":64},[50,1389,132],{"class":125},[50,1391,122],{"class":64},[50,1393,69],{"class":68},[50,1395,475],{"class":72},[50,1397,69],{"class":68},[50,1399,89],{"class":64},[50,1401,81],{"class":68},[50,1403,484],{"class":72},[50,1405,69],{"class":68},[50,1407,414],{"class":64},[50,1409,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1411,119],{"class":118},[50,1413,122],{"class":64},[50,1415,501],{"class":125},[50,1417,1206],{"class":64},[50,1419,1420],{"class":146},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,1422,1423,1424,1427],{},"Even though ",[15,1425,1426],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[811,1429,1431,1432],{"id":1430},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,1433,38],{},[20,1435,1436,1437,35,1439,1441],{},"Sometimes ",[15,1438,17],{},[15,1440,38],{}," because:",[233,1443,1444,1447],{},[236,1445,1446],{},"The key is missing, or",[236,1448,1449,1450],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,1451,38],{},[20,1453,253],{},[41,1455,1457],{"className":43,"code":1456,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,1458,1459,1498,1502,1526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1460,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1488,1490,1492,1496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1462,829],{"class":56},[50,1464,61],{"class":60},[50,1466,65],{"class":64},[50,1468,69],{"class":68},[50,1470,73],{"class":72},[50,1472,69],{"class":68},[50,1474,78],{"class":64},[50,1476,81],{"class":68},[50,1478,84],{"class":72},[50,1480,69],{"class":68},[50,1482,89],{"class":64},[50,1484,81],{"class":68},[50,1486,1487],{"class":72},"nickname",[50,1489,69],{"class":68},[50,1491,78],{"class":64},[50,1493,1495],{"class":1494},"s39Yj"," None",[50,1497,105],{"class":64},[50,1499,1500],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1501,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1503,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1505,119],{"class":118},[50,1507,122],{"class":64},[50,1509,776],{"class":125},[50,1511,129],{"class":64},[50,1513,132],{"class":125},[50,1515,122],{"class":64},[50,1517,69],{"class":68},[50,1519,1487],{"class":72},[50,1521,69],{"class":68},[50,1523,143],{"class":64},[50,1525,1321],{"class":146},[50,1527,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1529,119],{"class":118},[50,1531,122],{"class":64},[50,1533,776],{"class":125},[50,1535,129],{"class":64},[50,1537,132],{"class":125},[50,1539,122],{"class":64},[50,1541,69],{"class":68},[50,1543,167],{"class":72},[50,1545,69],{"class":68},[50,1547,143],{"class":64},[50,1549,1550],{"class":146},"      # None\n",[20,1552,1553,1554,1556],{},"Both lines print ",[15,1555,38],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,1558,1559,1560,78],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,1561,1562],{},"in",[41,1564,1566],{"className":43,"code":1565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,1567,1568,1604,1608,1632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1569,1570,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1600,1602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1571,829],{"class":56},[50,1573,61],{"class":60},[50,1575,65],{"class":64},[50,1577,69],{"class":68},[50,1579,73],{"class":72},[50,1581,69],{"class":68},[50,1583,78],{"class":64},[50,1585,81],{"class":68},[50,1587,84],{"class":72},[50,1589,69],{"class":68},[50,1591,89],{"class":64},[50,1593,81],{"class":68},[50,1595,1487],{"class":72},[50,1597,69],{"class":68},[50,1599,78],{"class":64},[50,1601,1495],{"class":1494},[50,1603,105],{"class":64},[50,1605,1606],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1607,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1624,1627,1629],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1611,119],{"class":118},[50,1613,122],{"class":64},[50,1615,69],{"class":68},[50,1617,1487],{"class":72},[50,1619,69],{"class":68},[50,1621,1623],{"class":1622},"sVHd0"," in",[50,1625,1626],{"class":125}," data",[50,1628,1206],{"class":64},[50,1630,1631],{"class":146},"  # True\n",[50,1633,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1635,119],{"class":118},[50,1637,122],{"class":64},[50,1639,69],{"class":68},[50,1641,167],{"class":72},[50,1643,69],{"class":68},[50,1645,1623],{"class":1622},[50,1647,1626],{"class":125},[50,1649,1206],{"class":64},[50,1651,1652],{"class":146},"      # False\n",[20,1654,1655,1656,129],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[380,1657,1659],{"href":1658},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[219,1661,1663],{"id":1662},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1665,1666,1667,78],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,1668,17],{},[233,1670,1671,1676,1684,1690],{},[236,1672,1673,1674],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,1675,31],{},[236,1677,1678,1679,35,1681,1683],{},"Forgetting that ",[15,1680,17],{},[15,1682,38],{}," if no default is provided",[236,1685,1686,1687,1689],{},"Assuming ",[15,1688,17],{}," creates a key automatically",[236,1691,1692],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,1694,1695],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[41,1697,1699],{"className":43,"code":1698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,1700,1701,1712,1728,1748,1771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1702,1703,1705,1707,1710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1704,119],{"class":118},[50,1706,122],{"class":64},[50,1708,1709],{"class":125},"my_dict",[50,1711,414],{"class":64},[50,1713,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1725],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1715,119],{"class":118},[50,1717,122],{"class":64},[50,1719,1709],{"class":125},[50,1721,129],{"class":64},[50,1723,1724],{"class":125},"keys",[50,1726,1727],{"class":64},"())\n",[50,1729,1730,1732,1734,1737,1739,1741,1743,1746],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1731,119],{"class":118},[50,1733,122],{"class":64},[50,1735,1736],{"class":68},"'",[50,1738,73],{"class":72},[50,1740,1736],{"class":68},[50,1742,1623],{"class":1622},[50,1744,1745],{"class":125}," my_dict",[50,1747,414],{"class":64},[50,1749,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1751,119],{"class":118},[50,1753,122],{"class":64},[50,1755,1709],{"class":125},[50,1757,129],{"class":64},[50,1759,132],{"class":125},[50,1761,122],{"class":64},[50,1763,1736],{"class":68},[50,1765,73],{"class":72},[50,1767,1736],{"class":68},[50,1769,1770],{"class":64},"))\n",[50,1772,1773,1775,1777,1781,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793,1795,1797],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,1774,119],{"class":118},[50,1776,122],{"class":64},[50,1778,1780],{"class":1779},"sZMiF","type",[50,1782,122],{"class":64},[50,1784,1709],{"class":125},[50,1786,129],{"class":64},[50,1788,132],{"class":125},[50,1790,122],{"class":64},[50,1792,1736],{"class":68},[50,1794,73],{"class":72},[50,1796,1736],{"class":68},[50,1798,1799],{"class":64},")))\n",[20,1801,1802],{},"What these checks tell you:",[233,1804,1805,1811,1817,1823,1829],{},[236,1806,1807,1810],{},[15,1808,1809],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the full dictionary",[236,1812,1813,1816],{},[15,1814,1815],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[236,1818,1819,1822],{},[15,1820,1821],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[236,1824,1825,1828],{},[15,1826,1827],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[236,1830,1831,1834],{},[15,1832,1833],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,1836,1837,1838,1846,1847,1853],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[380,1839,1841,1842,1845],{"href":1840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F","the dictionary ",[15,1843,1844],{},"keys()"," method"," and ",[380,1848,1841,1850,1845],{"href":1849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,1851,1852],{},"items()"," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[219,1855,1857],{"id":1856},"faq","FAQ",[811,1859,1861,1862,1864,1865,1867],{"id":1860},"does-get-raise-keyerror","Does ",[15,1863,17],{}," raise ",[15,1866,31],{},"?",[20,1869,1870,1871,1873],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,1872,38],{}," or the default value you provide.",[811,1875,1861,1877,1879],{"id":1876},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,1878,17],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,1881,1882],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[811,1884,1886,1887,1867],{"id":1885},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,1888,17],{},[20,1890,1891,1893],{},[15,1892,38],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[811,1895,1897,1898,1900],{"id":1896},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,1899,17],{}," or square brackets?",[20,1902,212,1903,1905],{},[15,1904,17],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[219,1907,1909],{"id":1908},"see-also","See also",[233,1911,1912,1916,1923,1929,1934,1939],{},[236,1913,1914],{},[380,1915,383],{"href":382},[236,1917,1918],{},[380,1919,1920,1921,1845],{"href":1840},"Python dictionary ",[15,1922,1844],{},[236,1924,1925],{},[380,1926,1920,1927,1845],{"href":1849},[15,1928,1852],{},[236,1930,1931],{},[380,1932,1933],{"href":1658},"How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[236,1935,1936],{},[380,1937,1938],{"href":756},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[236,1940,1941],{},[380,1942,1014],{"href":1013},[1944,1945,1946],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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get()",{"id":760,"depth":108,"text":1955,"children":1956},"get() vs square brackets",[1957,1958],{"id":813,"depth":115,"text":814},{"id":132,"depth":115,"text":17},{"id":1017,"depth":108,"text":1018},{"id":1244,"depth":108,"text":1245,"children":1961},[1962,1964,1966],{"id":1253,"depth":115,"text":1963},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":1340,"depth":115,"text":1965},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":1430,"depth":115,"text":1967},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":1970},[1971,1973,1975,1977],{"id":1860,"depth":115,"text":1972},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":1876,"depth":115,"text":1974},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":1885,"depth":115,"text":1976},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":1896,"depth":115,"text":1978},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":5,"description":1980},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",[1988,3595,5300,6998,9139,11329,12838,15007,17201,19656,21302,23868,25967,28249,30197,32108,34105,35545,37374,39899,42061,43290,44661,46309,48630,50474,52456,54150,55403,57097,58848,60820,62570,64670,66030,67981,69544,71535,73330,75230,77672,79750,82390,84419,86382,88570,90574,92887,94569,96014,97208,98386,100226,102666,104370,106385,107909,109154,110317,111699,113770,115667,117441,119307,121426,123166,124628,126222,128145,129822,131757,133246,136030,137607,139166,141194,143146,144609,145798,147684,149095,150791,152345,153767,155170,157068,159462,161293],{"id":1989,"title":1990,"body":1991,"description":3589,"extension":1981,"meta":3590,"navigation":111,"path":3591,"seo":3592,"stem":3593,"__hash__":3594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1992,"toc":3561},[1993,1996,2002,2005,2016,2019,2023,2089,2092,2112,2117,2121,2126,2129,2144,2147,2173,2176,2178,2181,2197,2200,2226,2228,2288,2290,2305,2315,2326,2330,2333,2387,2389,2409,2412,2435,2442,2446,2451,2457,2459,2498,2500,2509,2515,2533,2536,2548,2552,2557,2561,2564,2585,2587,2645,2647,2655,2658,2662,2694,2696,2704,2707,2711,2716,2764,2766,2774,2778,2838,2840,2848,2851,2853,2857,2860,2883,2892,2908,2958,2960,2975,2986,2990,2993,3024,3031,3035,3040,3081,3083,3094,3097,3140,3142,3150,3154,3159,3181,3183,3192,3201,3205,3210,3232,3234,3304,3306,3357,3360,3363,3366,3447,3449,3480,3482,3486,3489,3493,3496,3500,3503,3507,3519,3523,3526,3528,3558],[10,1994,1990],{"id":1995},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1997,228,1998,2001],{},[15,1999,2000],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2003,2004],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[233,2006,2007,2010,2013],{},[236,2008,2009],{},"a number without its negative sign",[236,2011,2012],{},"the distance between two numbers",[236,2014,2015],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2017,2018],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[219,2020,2022],{"id":2021},"quick-example","Quick example",[41,2024,2026],{"className":43,"code":2025,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2027,2028,2047,2062],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2029,2030,2032,2034,2037,2039,2042,2045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2031,119],{"class":118},[50,2033,122],{"class":64},[50,2035,2036],{"class":118},"abs",[50,2038,122],{"class":64},[50,2040,2041],{"class":60},"-",[50,2043,2044],{"class":101},"7",[50,2046,1770],{"class":64},[50,2048,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2060],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2050,119],{"class":118},[50,2052,122],{"class":64},[50,2054,2036],{"class":118},[50,2056,122],{"class":64},[50,2058,2059],{"class":101},"3.5",[50,2061,1770],{"class":64},[50,2063,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2077,2080,2083,2087],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2065,119],{"class":118},[50,2067,122],{"class":64},[50,2069,2036],{"class":118},[50,2071,122],{"class":64},[50,2073,2041],{"class":60},[50,2075,2076],{"class":101},"2",[50,2078,2079],{"class":60},"+",[50,2081,2082],{"class":101},"3",[50,2084,2086],{"class":2085},"sbsja","j",[50,2088,1770],{"class":64},[20,2090,2091],{},"Output:",[41,2093,2095],{"className":43,"code":2094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2096,2097,2102,2107],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2098,2099],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2100,2101],{"class":101},"7\n",[50,2103,2104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2105,2106],{"class":101},"3.5\n",[50,2108,2109],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2110,2111],{"class":101},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2113,212,2114,2116],{},[15,2115,2000],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[219,2118,2120],{"id":2119},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2122,2123,2125],{},[15,2124,2000],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2127,2128],{},"That means:",[233,2130,2131,2134,2137],{},[236,2132,2133],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[236,2135,2136],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[236,2138,2139,2141,2142],{},[15,2140,1215],{}," stays ",[15,2143,1215],{},[20,2145,2146],{},"Examples:",[233,2148,2149,2158,2166],{},[236,2150,2151,2154,2155],{},[15,2152,2153],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2156,2157],{},"5",[236,2159,2160,2154,2163],{},[15,2161,2162],{},"abs(9)",[15,2164,2165],{},"9",[236,2167,2168,2154,2171],{},[15,2169,2170],{},"abs(0)",[15,2172,1215],{},[20,2174,2175],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[219,2177,387],{"id":386},[20,2179,2180],{},"The syntax is:",[41,2182,2184],{"className":43,"code":2183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abs(x)\n",[15,2185,2186],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2187,2188,2190,2192,2195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2189,2036],{"class":118},[50,2191,122],{"class":64},[50,2193,2194],{"class":125},"x",[50,2196,414],{"class":64},[20,2198,2199],{},"Here:",[233,2201,2202,2218,2223],{},[236,2203,2204,2206,2207,32,2210,2213,2214,2217],{},[15,2205,2194],{}," is usually an ",[15,2208,2209],{},"int",[15,2211,2212],{},"float",", or ",[15,2215,2216],{},"complex"," number",[236,2219,2220,2222],{},[15,2221,2000],{}," returns a new value",[236,2224,2225],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2227,253],{},[41,2229,2231],{"className":43,"code":2230,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2232,2233,2246,2263,2267,2277],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2234,2235,2238,2240,2243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2236,2237],{"class":56},"number ",[50,2239,61],{"class":60},[50,2241,2242],{"class":60}," -",[50,2244,2245],{"class":101},"12\n",[50,2247,2248,2251,2253,2256,2258,2261],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2249,2250],{"class":56},"result ",[50,2252,61],{"class":60},[50,2254,2255],{"class":118}," abs",[50,2257,122],{"class":64},[50,2259,2260],{"class":125},"number",[50,2262,414],{"class":64},[50,2264,2265],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2266,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2268,2269,2271,2273,2275],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,2270,119],{"class":118},[50,2272,122],{"class":64},[50,2274,2260],{"class":125},[50,2276,414],{"class":64},[50,2278,2279,2281,2283,2286],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,2280,119],{"class":118},[50,2282,122],{"class":64},[50,2284,2285],{"class":125},"result",[50,2287,414],{"class":64},[20,2289,2091],{},[41,2291,2293],{"className":43,"code":2292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-12\n12\n",[15,2294,2295,2301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2296,2297,2299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2298,2041],{"class":60},[50,2300,2245],{"class":101},[50,2302,2303],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2304,2245],{"class":101},[20,2306,2307,2308,2310,2311,2314],{},"Notice that ",[15,2309,2260],{}," is still ",[15,2312,2313],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2316,2317,2318,2325],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[380,2319,2321,2324],{"href":2320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2322,2323],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[219,2327,2329],{"id":2328},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2331,2332],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[41,2334,2336],{"className":43,"code":2335,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2337,2338,2355,2370],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2339,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348,2350,2353],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2341,119],{"class":118},[50,2343,122],{"class":64},[50,2345,2036],{"class":118},[50,2347,122],{"class":64},[50,2349,2041],{"class":60},[50,2351,2352],{"class":101},"10",[50,2354,1770],{"class":64},[50,2356,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2368],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2358,119],{"class":118},[50,2360,122],{"class":64},[50,2362,2036],{"class":118},[50,2364,122],{"class":64},[50,2366,2367],{"class":101},"8",[50,2369,1770],{"class":64},[50,2371,2372,2374,2376,2378,2380,2382,2385],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2373,119],{"class":118},[50,2375,122],{"class":64},[50,2377,2036],{"class":118},[50,2379,122],{"class":64},[50,2381,2041],{"class":60},[50,2383,2384],{"class":101},"4.2",[50,2386,1770],{"class":64},[20,2388,2091],{},[41,2390,2392],{"className":43,"code":2391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2393,2394,2399,2404],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2395,2396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2397,2398],{"class":101},"10\n",[50,2400,2401],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2402,2403],{"class":101},"8\n",[50,2405,2406],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2407,2408],{"class":101},"4.2\n",[20,2410,2411],{},"What each line does:",[233,2413,2414,2421,2428],{},[236,2415,2416,35,2419],{},[15,2417,2418],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2420,2352],{},[236,2422,2423,35,2426],{},[15,2424,2425],{},"abs(8)",[15,2427,2367],{},[236,2429,2430,35,2433],{},[15,2431,2432],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2434,2384],{},[20,2436,2437,2438,129],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[380,2439,2441],{"href":2440},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[219,2443,2445],{"id":2444},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2447,2448,2450],{},[15,2449,2000],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2452,2453,2454,2456],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2455,1215],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2458,253],{},[41,2460,2462],{"className":43,"code":2461,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2463,2464,2483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2465,2466,2469,2471,2474,2477,2480],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2467,2468],{"class":56},"value ",[50,2470,61],{"class":60},[50,2472,2473],{"class":101}," 3",[50,2475,2476],{"class":60}," +",[50,2478,2479],{"class":101}," 4",[50,2481,2482],{"class":2085},"j\n",[50,2484,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2496],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2486,119],{"class":118},[50,2488,122],{"class":64},[50,2490,2036],{"class":118},[50,2492,122],{"class":64},[50,2494,2495],{"class":125},"value",[50,2497,1770],{"class":64},[20,2499,2091],{},[41,2501,2503],{"className":43,"code":2502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n",[15,2504,2505],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2506,2507],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2508,2502],{"class":101},[20,2510,2511,2512,1867],{},"Why ",[15,2513,2514],{},"5.0",[233,2516,2517,2522,2528],{},[236,2518,2519,2520],{},"the real part is ",[15,2521,2082],{},[236,2523,2524,2525],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2526,2527],{},"4",[236,2529,2530,2531],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2532,2514],{},[20,2534,2535],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[233,2537,2538,2545],{},[236,2539,2540,2542,2543],{},[15,2541,2000],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2544,2212],{},[236,2546,2547],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[219,2549,2551],{"id":2550},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2553,2554,2555,129],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2556,2000],{},[811,2558,2560],{"id":2559},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2562,2563],{},"A very common pattern is:",[41,2565,2567],{"className":43,"code":2566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2568,2569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2570,2571,2573,2575,2578,2580,2583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2572,2036],{"class":118},[50,2574,122],{"class":64},[50,2576,2577],{"class":125},"a ",[50,2579,2041],{"class":60},[50,2581,2582],{"class":125}," b",[50,2584,414],{"class":64},[20,2586,253],{},[41,2588,2590],{"className":43,"code":2589,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2591,2592,2601,2611,2615,2634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2593,2594,2596,2598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2595,2577],{"class":56},[50,2597,61],{"class":60},[50,2599,2600],{"class":101}," 3\n",[50,2602,2603,2606,2608],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2604,2605],{"class":56},"b ",[50,2607,61],{"class":60},[50,2609,2610],{"class":101}," 10\n",[50,2612,2613],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2614,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2616,2617,2620,2622,2624,2626,2628,2630,2632],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,2618,2619],{"class":56},"distance ",[50,2621,61],{"class":60},[50,2623,2255],{"class":118},[50,2625,122],{"class":64},[50,2627,2577],{"class":125},[50,2629,2041],{"class":60},[50,2631,2582],{"class":125},[50,2633,414],{"class":64},[50,2635,2636,2638,2640,2643],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,2637,119],{"class":118},[50,2639,122],{"class":64},[50,2641,2642],{"class":125},"distance",[50,2644,414],{"class":64},[20,2646,2091],{},[41,2648,2649],{"className":43,"code":2101,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2650,2651],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2652,2653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2654,2101],{"class":101},[20,2656,2657],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[811,2659,2661],{"id":2660},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[41,2663,2665],{"className":43,"code":2664,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2666,2667,2679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2668,2669,2672,2674,2676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2670,2671],{"class":56},"temperature_change ",[50,2673,61],{"class":60},[50,2675,2242],{"class":60},[50,2677,2678],{"class":101},"6\n",[50,2680,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2692],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2682,119],{"class":118},[50,2684,122],{"class":64},[50,2686,2036],{"class":118},[50,2688,122],{"class":64},[50,2690,2691],{"class":125},"temperature_change",[50,2693,1770],{"class":64},[20,2695,2091],{},[41,2697,2698],{"className":43,"code":2678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2699,2700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2701,2702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2703,2678],{"class":101},[20,2705,2706],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[811,2708,2710],{"id":2709},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2712,2713,2714,2325],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2715,2000],{},[41,2717,2719],{"className":43,"code":2718,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2720,2721,2733,2749,2753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2722,2723,2726,2728,2730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2724,2725],{"class":56},"balance_change ",[50,2727,61],{"class":60},[50,2729,2242],{"class":60},[50,2731,2732],{"class":101},"25\n",[50,2734,2735,2738,2740,2742,2744,2747],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2736,2737],{"class":56},"safe_value ",[50,2739,61],{"class":60},[50,2741,2255],{"class":118},[50,2743,122],{"class":64},[50,2745,2746],{"class":125},"balance_change",[50,2748,414],{"class":64},[50,2750,2751],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2752,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2754,2755,2757,2759,2762],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,2756,119],{"class":118},[50,2758,122],{"class":64},[50,2760,2761],{"class":125},"safe_value",[50,2763,414],{"class":64},[20,2765,2091],{},[41,2767,2768],{"className":43,"code":2732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2769,2770],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2771,2772],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2773,2732],{"class":101},[811,2775,2777],{"id":2776},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[41,2779,2781],{"className":43,"code":2780,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2782,2783,2793,2803,2807,2827],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2784,2785,2788,2790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2786,2787],{"class":56},"guess ",[50,2789,61],{"class":60},[50,2791,2792],{"class":101}," 42\n",[50,2794,2795,2798,2800],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2796,2797],{"class":56},"target ",[50,2799,61],{"class":60},[50,2801,2802],{"class":101}," 50\n",[50,2804,2805],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2806,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2808,2809,2812,2814,2816,2818,2820,2822,2825],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,2810,2811],{"class":56},"difference ",[50,2813,61],{"class":60},[50,2815,2255],{"class":118},[50,2817,122],{"class":64},[50,2819,2787],{"class":125},[50,2821,2041],{"class":60},[50,2823,2824],{"class":125}," target",[50,2826,414],{"class":64},[50,2828,2829,2831,2833,2836],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,2830,119],{"class":118},[50,2832,122],{"class":64},[50,2834,2835],{"class":125},"difference",[50,2837,414],{"class":64},[20,2839,2091],{},[41,2841,2842],{"className":43,"code":2403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2843,2844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2845,2846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2847,2403],{"class":101},[20,2849,2850],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[219,2852,1663],{"id":1662},[811,2854,2856],{"id":2855},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2858,2859],{},"This causes an error:",[41,2861,2863],{"className":43,"code":2862,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2864,2865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2866,2867,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877,2879,2881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2868,119],{"class":118},[50,2870,122],{"class":64},[50,2872,2036],{"class":118},[50,2874,122],{"class":64},[50,2876,69],{"class":68},[50,2878,2157],{"class":72},[50,2880,69],{"class":68},[50,2882,1770],{"class":64},[20,2884,2885,2888,2889,2891],{},[15,2886,2887],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2890,2000],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2893,2894,2895,2901,2902,78],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[380,2896,2898],{"href":2897},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2899,2900],{},"int()"," or ",[380,2903,2905],{"href":2904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2906,2907],{},"float()",[41,2909,2911],{"className":43,"code":2910,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2912,2913,2935],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2914,2915,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2929,2931,2933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2916,119],{"class":118},[50,2918,122],{"class":64},[50,2920,2036],{"class":118},[50,2922,122],{"class":64},[50,2924,2209],{"class":1779},[50,2926,122],{"class":64},[50,2928,69],{"class":68},[50,2930,2157],{"class":72},[50,2932,69],{"class":68},[50,2934,1799],{"class":64},[50,2936,2937,2939,2941,2943,2945,2947,2949,2951,2954,2956],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2938,119],{"class":118},[50,2940,122],{"class":64},[50,2942,2036],{"class":118},[50,2944,122],{"class":64},[50,2946,2212],{"class":1779},[50,2948,122],{"class":64},[50,2950,69],{"class":68},[50,2952,2953],{"class":72},"-3.2",[50,2955,69],{"class":68},[50,2957,1799],{"class":64},[20,2959,2091],{},[41,2961,2963],{"className":43,"code":2962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2964,2965,2970],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2966,2967],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2968,2969],{"class":101},"5\n",[50,2971,2972],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2973,2974],{"class":101},"3.2\n",[20,2976,2977,2978,2981,2982,129],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2979,2980],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[380,2983,2985],{"href":2984},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[811,2987,2989],{"id":2988},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2991,2992],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[41,2994,2996],{"className":43,"code":2995,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2997,2998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2999,3000,3002,3004,3006,3009,3012,3014,3017,3019,3021],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3001,119],{"class":118},[50,3003,122],{"class":64},[50,3005,2036],{"class":118},[50,3007,3008],{"class":64},"([",[50,3010,3011],{"class":101},"1",[50,3013,89],{"class":64},[50,3015,3016],{"class":101}," 2",[50,3018,89],{"class":64},[50,3020,2473],{"class":101},[50,3022,3023],{"class":64},"]))\n",[20,3025,3026,3027,3030],{},"This raises a ",[15,3028,3029],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[811,3032,3034],{"id":3033},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3036,3037,3039],{},[15,3038,2000],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[41,3041,3043],{"className":43,"code":3042,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3044,3045,3057,3067,3071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3046,3047,3050,3052,3054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3048,3049],{"class":56},"x ",[50,3051,61],{"class":60},[50,3053,2242],{"class":60},[50,3055,3056],{"class":101},"9\n",[50,3058,3059,3061,3063,3065],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3060,2036],{"class":118},[50,3062,122],{"class":64},[50,3064,2194],{"class":125},[50,3066,414],{"class":64},[50,3068,3069],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3070,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3072,3073,3075,3077,3079],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,3074,119],{"class":118},[50,3076,122],{"class":64},[50,3078,2194],{"class":125},[50,3080,414],{"class":64},[20,3082,2091],{},[41,3084,3086],{"className":43,"code":3085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-9\n",[15,3087,3088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3089,3090,3092],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3091,2041],{"class":60},[50,3093,3056],{"class":101},[20,3095,3096],{},"If you want to store the result:",[41,3098,3100],{"className":43,"code":3099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3101,3102,3112,3126,3130],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3103,3104,3106,3108,3110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3105,3049],{"class":56},[50,3107,61],{"class":60},[50,3109,2242],{"class":60},[50,3111,3056],{"class":101},[50,3113,3114,3116,3118,3120,3122,3124],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3115,3049],{"class":56},[50,3117,61],{"class":60},[50,3119,2255],{"class":118},[50,3121,122],{"class":64},[50,3123,2194],{"class":125},[50,3125,414],{"class":64},[50,3127,3128],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3129,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3131,3132,3134,3136,3138],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,3133,119],{"class":118},[50,3135,122],{"class":64},[50,3137,2194],{"class":125},[50,3139,414],{"class":64},[20,3141,2091],{},[41,3143,3144],{"className":43,"code":3056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,3145,3146],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3147,3148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3149,3056],{"class":101},[811,3151,3153],{"id":3152},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3155,3156,3158],{},[15,3157,2000],{}," does not round numbers.",[41,3160,3162],{"className":43,"code":3161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3163,3164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3165,3166,3168,3170,3172,3174,3176,3179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3167,119],{"class":118},[50,3169,122],{"class":64},[50,3171,2036],{"class":118},[50,3173,122],{"class":64},[50,3175,2041],{"class":60},[50,3177,3178],{"class":101},"4.7",[50,3180,1770],{"class":64},[20,3182,2091],{},[41,3184,3186],{"className":43,"code":3185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4.7\n",[15,3187,3188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3189,3190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3191,3185],{"class":101},[20,3193,3194,3195,3197,3198,3200],{},"If you expected ",[15,3196,2157],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3199,2000],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[219,3202,3204],{"id":3203},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3206,3207,3209],{},[15,3208,2000],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[233,3211,3212,3219,3226],{},[236,3213,3214,3216,3217],{},[15,3215,2209],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3218,2209],{},[236,3220,3221,3223,3224],{},[15,3222,2212],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3225,2212],{},[236,3227,3228,3223,3230],{},[15,3229,2216],{},[15,3231,2212],{},[20,3233,253],{},[41,3235,3237],{"className":43,"code":3236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3238,3239,3259,3280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3240,3241,3243,3245,3247,3249,3251,3253,3255,3257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3242,119],{"class":118},[50,3244,122],{"class":64},[50,3246,1780],{"class":1779},[50,3248,122],{"class":64},[50,3250,2036],{"class":118},[50,3252,122],{"class":64},[50,3254,2041],{"class":60},[50,3256,2157],{"class":101},[50,3258,1799],{"class":64},[50,3260,3261,3263,3265,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3278],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3262,119],{"class":118},[50,3264,122],{"class":64},[50,3266,1780],{"class":1779},[50,3268,122],{"class":64},[50,3270,2036],{"class":118},[50,3272,122],{"class":64},[50,3274,2041],{"class":60},[50,3276,3277],{"class":101},"3.2",[50,3279,1799],{"class":64},[50,3281,3282,3284,3286,3288,3290,3292,3294,3296,3298,3300,3302],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3283,119],{"class":118},[50,3285,122],{"class":64},[50,3287,1780],{"class":1779},[50,3289,122],{"class":64},[50,3291,2036],{"class":118},[50,3293,122],{"class":64},[50,3295,2082],{"class":101},[50,3297,2476],{"class":60},[50,3299,2479],{"class":101},[50,3301,2086],{"class":2085},[50,3303,1799],{"class":64},[20,3305,2091],{},[41,3307,3309],{"className":43,"code":3308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3310,3311,3329,3343],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3312,3313,3316,3319,3322,3324,3326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3314,3315],{"class":60},"\u003C",[50,3317,3318],{"class":2085},"class",[50,3320,3321],{"class":68}," '",[50,3323,2209],{"class":72},[50,3325,1736],{"class":68},[50,3327,3328],{"class":60},">\n",[50,3330,3331,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3332,3315],{"class":60},[50,3334,3318],{"class":2085},[50,3336,3321],{"class":68},[50,3338,2212],{"class":72},[50,3340,1736],{"class":68},[50,3342,3328],{"class":60},[50,3344,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353,3355],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3346,3315],{"class":60},[50,3348,3318],{"class":2085},[50,3350,3321],{"class":68},[50,3352,2212],{"class":72},[50,3354,1736],{"class":68},[50,3356,3328],{"class":60},[20,3358,3359],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3361,3362],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3364,3365],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[41,3367,3369],{"className":43,"code":3368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3370,3371,3385,3395,3409,3413,3427],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3372,3373,3375,3377,3379,3382],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3374,2468],{"class":56},[50,3376,61],{"class":60},[50,3378,81],{"class":68},[50,3380,3381],{"class":72},"-5",[50,3383,3384],{"class":68},"\"\n",[50,3386,3387,3389,3391,3393],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3388,119],{"class":118},[50,3390,122],{"class":64},[50,3392,2495],{"class":125},[50,3394,414],{"class":64},[50,3396,3397,3399,3401,3403,3405,3407],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3398,119],{"class":118},[50,3400,122],{"class":64},[50,3402,1780],{"class":1779},[50,3404,122],{"class":64},[50,3406,2495],{"class":125},[50,3408,1770],{"class":64},[50,3410,3411],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,3412,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3414,3415,3418,3420,3422,3425],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,3416,3417],{"class":56},"user_input ",[50,3419,61],{"class":60},[50,3421,81],{"class":68},[50,3423,3424],{"class":72},"-3.7",[50,3426,3384],{"class":68},[50,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436,3438,3440,3442,3445],{"class":52,"line":3429},6,[50,3431,119],{"class":118},[50,3433,122],{"class":64},[50,3435,2036],{"class":118},[50,3437,122],{"class":64},[50,3439,2212],{"class":1779},[50,3441,122],{"class":64},[50,3443,3444],{"class":125},"user_input",[50,3446,1799],{"class":64},[20,3448,2091],{},[41,3450,3452],{"className":43,"code":3451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3453,3454,3460,3475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3455,3456,3458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3457,2041],{"class":60},[50,3459,2969],{"class":101},[50,3461,3462,3464,3466,3468,3471,3473],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3463,3315],{"class":60},[50,3465,3318],{"class":2085},[50,3467,3321],{"class":68},[50,3469,3470],{"class":72},"str",[50,3472,1736],{"class":68},[50,3474,3328],{"class":60},[50,3476,3477],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3478,3479],{"class":101},"3.7\n",[219,3481,1857],{"id":1856},[811,3483,3485],{"id":3484},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3487,3488],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[811,3490,3492],{"id":3491},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3494,3495],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[811,3497,3499],{"id":3498},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3501,3502],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[811,3504,3506],{"id":3505},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3508,3509,3511,3512,2901,3514,3516,3517,129],{},[15,3510,2980],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3513,2900],{},[15,3515,2907],{}," before using ",[15,3518,2000],{},[811,3520,3522],{"id":3521},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3524,3525],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[219,3527,1909],{"id":1908},[233,3529,3530,3537,3543,3549,3554],{},[236,3531,3532],{},[380,3533,3534,3536],{"href":2897},[15,3535,2900],{}," function explained",[236,3538,3539],{},[380,3540,3541,3536],{"href":2904},[15,3542,2907],{},[236,3544,3545],{},[380,3546,3547,3536],{"href":2320},[15,3548,2323],{},[236,3550,3551],{},[380,3552,3553],{"href":2984},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[236,3555,3556],{},[380,3557,2441],{"href":2440},[1944,3559,3560],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":3562},[3563,3564,3565,3566,3567,3568,3574,3580,3581,3588],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":2119,"depth":108,"text":2120},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":2328,"depth":108,"text":2329},{"id":2444,"depth":108,"text":2445},{"id":2550,"depth":108,"text":2551,"children":3569},[3570,3571,3572,3573],{"id":2559,"depth":115,"text":2560},{"id":2660,"depth":115,"text":2661},{"id":2709,"depth":115,"text":2710},{"id":2776,"depth":115,"text":2777},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":3575},[3576,3577,3578,3579],{"id":2855,"depth":115,"text":2856},{"id":2988,"depth":115,"text":2989},{"id":3033,"depth":115,"text":3034},{"id":3152,"depth":115,"text":3153},{"id":3203,"depth":108,"text":3204},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":3582},[3583,3584,3585,3586,3587],{"id":3484,"depth":115,"text":3485},{"id":3491,"depth":115,"text":3492},{"id":3498,"depth":115,"text":3499},{"id":3505,"depth":115,"text":3506},{"id":3521,"depth":115,"text":3522},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1990,"description":3589},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3596,"title":3597,"body":3598,"description":5294,"extension":1981,"meta":5295,"navigation":111,"path":5296,"seo":5297,"stem":5298,"__hash__":5299},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3599,"toc":5258},[3600,3608,3614,3617,3634,3638,3693,3703,3708,3712,3731,3734,3751,3754,3758,3766,3783,3786,3823,3826,3833,3839,3912,3914,3945,3951,3955,3959,3998,4000,4009,4016,4020,4059,4061,4070,4080,4084,4140,4142,4150,4153,4156,4203,4205,4213,4219,4226,4231,4234,4237,4304,4306,4314,4317,4384,4386,4394,4408,4411,4422,4426,4432,4435,4437,4453,4455,4463,4466,4469,4472,4489,4492,4495,4525,4527,4540,4544,4548,4551,4566,4571,4574,4601,4607,4610,4650,4656,4662,4670,4673,4725,4731,4796,4801,4810,4813,4831,4837,4840,4982,4987,4992,4995,5006,5009,5065,5067,5075,5078,5135,5137,5145,5148,5159,5161,5168,5177,5186,5189,5196,5199,5208,5221,5223,5255],[10,3601,3603,3604,3607],{"id":3602},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3605,3606],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3609,3610,3611,3613],{},"Python’s ",[15,3612,3606],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3615,3616],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[233,3618,3619,3622,3625],{},[236,3620,3621],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[236,3623,3624],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[236,3626,3627,35,3630,3633],{},[15,3628,3629],{},"all([])",[15,3631,3632],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[219,3635,3637],{"id":3636},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[41,3639,3641],{"className":43,"code":3640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3642,3643,3665,3681],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3644,3645,3648,3650,3653,3655,3657,3659,3661,3663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3646,3647],{"class":56},"numbers ",[50,3649,61],{"class":60},[50,3651,3652],{"class":64}," [",[50,3654,3011],{"class":101},[50,3656,89],{"class":64},[50,3658,3016],{"class":101},[50,3660,89],{"class":64},[50,3662,2473],{"class":101},[50,3664,788],{"class":64},[50,3666,3667,3669,3671,3674,3676,3679],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3668,2250],{"class":56},[50,3670,61],{"class":60},[50,3672,3673],{"class":118}," all",[50,3675,122],{"class":64},[50,3677,3678],{"class":125},"numbers",[50,3680,414],{"class":64},[50,3682,3683,3685,3687,3689,3691],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3684,119],{"class":118},[50,3686,122],{"class":64},[50,3688,2285],{"class":125},[50,3690,1206],{"class":64},[50,3692,1631],{"class":146},[20,3694,3695,35,3697,3699,3700,129],{},[15,3696,3606],{},[15,3698,3632],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3701,3702],{},"False",[219,3704,222,3706,225],{"id":3705},"what-all-does",[15,3707,3606],{},[20,3709,3710,78],{},[15,3711,3606],{},[233,3713,3714,3717,3723,3728],{},[236,3715,3716],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[236,3718,3719,3720,3722],{},"returns ",[15,3721,3632],{}," if all items are truthy",[236,3724,3719,3725,3727],{},[15,3726,3702],{}," if any item is falsy",[236,3729,3730],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3732,3733],{},"Basic syntax:",[41,3735,3737],{"className":43,"code":3736,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3738,3739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3740,3741,3744,3746,3749],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3742,3743],{"class":118},"all",[50,3745,122],{"class":64},[50,3747,3748],{"class":125},"iterable",[50,3750,414],{"class":64},[20,3752,3753],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[219,3755,3757],{"id":3756},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3759,3760,3761,2901,3763,3765],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3762,3632],{},[15,3764,3702],{}," in conditions.",[233,3767,3768,3776],{},[236,3769,3770,3773,3774],{},[997,3771,3772],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3775,3632],{},[236,3777,3778,3773,3781],{},[997,3779,3780],{},"Falsy",[15,3782,3702],{},[20,3784,3785],{},"Common falsy values include:",[233,3787,3788,3792,3797,3802,3806,3810,3814,3818],{},[236,3789,3790],{},[15,3791,1215],{},[236,3793,3794],{},[15,3795,3796],{},"0.0",[236,3798,3799],{},[15,3800,3801],{},"''",[236,3803,3804],{},[15,3805,38],{},[236,3807,3808],{},[15,3809,3702],{},[236,3811,3812],{},[15,3813,1234],{},[236,3815,3816],{},[15,3817,1240],{},[236,3819,3820],{},[15,3821,3822],{},"set()",[20,3824,3825],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3827,3828,3829,129],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[380,3830,3832],{"href":3831},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3834,3835,3836,78],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3837,3838],{},"bool()",[41,3840,3842],{"className":43,"code":3841,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3843,3844,3879,3883],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3845,3846,3849,3851,3853,3855,3857,3859,3861,3864,3866,3868,3871,3873,3875,3877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3847,3848],{"class":56},"values ",[50,3850,61],{"class":60},[50,3852,3652],{"class":64},[50,3854,3011],{"class":101},[50,3856,89],{"class":64},[50,3858,1192],{"class":101},[50,3860,89],{"class":64},[50,3862,3863],{"class":68}," ''",[50,3865,89],{"class":64},[50,3867,3321],{"class":68},[50,3869,3870],{"class":72},"hello",[50,3872,1736],{"class":68},[50,3874,89],{"class":64},[50,3876,1495],{"class":1494},[50,3878,788],{"class":64},[50,3880,3881],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3882,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3884,3885,3887,3889,3892,3894,3896,3898,3901,3904,3906,3909],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3886,119],{"class":118},[50,3888,3008],{"class":64},[50,3890,3891],{"class":1779},"bool",[50,3893,122],{"class":64},[50,3895,2194],{"class":125},[50,3897,1206],{"class":64},[50,3899,3900],{"class":1622}," for",[50,3902,3903],{"class":125}," x ",[50,3905,1562],{"class":1622},[50,3907,3908],{"class":125}," values",[50,3910,3911],{"class":64},"])\n",[20,3913,2091],{},[41,3915,3917],{"className":43,"code":3916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3918,3919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3920,3921,3923,3925,3927,3930,3932,3934,3936,3939,3941,3943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3922,779],{"class":64},[50,3924,3632],{"class":1494},[50,3926,89],{"class":64},[50,3928,3929],{"class":1494}," False",[50,3931,89],{"class":64},[50,3933,3929],{"class":1494},[50,3935,89],{"class":64},[50,3937,3938],{"class":1494}," True",[50,3940,89],{"class":64},[50,3942,3929],{"class":1494},[50,3944,788],{"class":64},[20,3946,3947,3948,3950],{},"This matters because ",[15,3949,3606],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[219,3952,3954],{"id":3953},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[811,3956,3958],{"id":3957},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[41,3960,3962],{"className":43,"code":3961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3963,3964,3984],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3965,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3967,3647],{"class":56},[50,3969,61],{"class":60},[50,3971,3652],{"class":64},[50,3973,3011],{"class":101},[50,3975,89],{"class":64},[50,3977,3016],{"class":101},[50,3979,89],{"class":64},[50,3981,2473],{"class":101},[50,3983,788],{"class":64},[50,3985,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3987,119],{"class":118},[50,3989,122],{"class":64},[50,3991,3743],{"class":118},[50,3993,122],{"class":64},[50,3995,3678],{"class":125},[50,3997,1770],{"class":64},[20,3999,2091],{},[41,4001,4003],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n",[15,4004,4005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4006,4007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4008,4002],{"class":1494},[20,4010,4011,4012,35,4014,129],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4013,3606],{},[15,4015,3632],{},[811,4017,4019],{"id":4018},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[41,4021,4023],{"className":43,"code":4022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4024,4025,4045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4026,4027,4029,4031,4033,4035,4037,4039,4041,4043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4028,3647],{"class":56},[50,4030,61],{"class":60},[50,4032,3652],{"class":64},[50,4034,3011],{"class":101},[50,4036,89],{"class":64},[50,4038,1192],{"class":101},[50,4040,89],{"class":64},[50,4042,2473],{"class":101},[50,4044,788],{"class":64},[50,4046,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4048,119],{"class":118},[50,4050,122],{"class":64},[50,4052,3743],{"class":118},[50,4054,122],{"class":64},[50,4056,3678],{"class":125},[50,4058,1770],{"class":64},[20,4060,2091],{},[41,4062,4064],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\n",[15,4065,4066],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4067,4068],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4069,4063],{"class":1494},[20,4071,4072,4073,4075,4076,35,4078,129],{},"The value ",[15,4074,1215],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4077,3606],{},[15,4079,3702],{},[811,4081,4083],{"id":4082},"example-strings","Example: strings",[41,4085,4087],{"className":43,"code":4086,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4088,4089,4125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4090,4091,4094,4096,4098,4100,4103,4105,4107,4109,4112,4114,4116,4118,4121,4123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4092,4093],{"class":56},"words ",[50,4095,61],{"class":60},[50,4097,3652],{"class":64},[50,4099,1736],{"class":68},[50,4101,4102],{"class":72},"apple",[50,4104,1736],{"class":68},[50,4106,89],{"class":64},[50,4108,3321],{"class":68},[50,4110,4111],{"class":72},"banana",[50,4113,1736],{"class":68},[50,4115,89],{"class":64},[50,4117,3321],{"class":68},[50,4119,4120],{"class":72},"cherry",[50,4122,1736],{"class":68},[50,4124,788],{"class":64},[50,4126,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4138],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4128,119],{"class":118},[50,4130,122],{"class":64},[50,4132,3743],{"class":118},[50,4134,122],{"class":64},[50,4136,4137],{"class":125},"words",[50,4139,1770],{"class":64},[20,4141,2091],{},[41,4143,4144],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4145,4146],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4147,4148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4149,4002],{"class":1494},[20,4151,4152],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4154,4155],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[41,4157,4159],{"className":43,"code":4158,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4160,4161,4189],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4162,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4164,4093],{"class":56},[50,4166,61],{"class":60},[50,4168,3652],{"class":64},[50,4170,1736],{"class":68},[50,4172,4102],{"class":72},[50,4174,1736],{"class":68},[50,4176,89],{"class":64},[50,4178,3863],{"class":68},[50,4180,89],{"class":64},[50,4182,3321],{"class":68},[50,4184,4120],{"class":72},[50,4186,1736],{"class":68},[50,4188,788],{"class":64},[50,4190,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4192,119],{"class":118},[50,4194,122],{"class":64},[50,4196,3743],{"class":118},[50,4198,122],{"class":64},[50,4200,4137],{"class":125},[50,4202,1770],{"class":64},[20,4204,2091],{},[41,4206,4207],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4208,4209],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4210,4211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4212,4063],{"class":1494},[20,4214,4215,4216,4218],{},"The empty string ",[15,4217,3801],{}," is falsy.",[219,4220,4222,4223,4225],{"id":4221},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4224,3606],{}," works with conditions",[20,4227,4228,4230],{},[15,4229,3606],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4232,4233],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4235,4236],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[41,4238,4240],{"className":43,"code":4239,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4241,4242,4262,4290,4294],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4243,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4245,3647],{"class":56},[50,4247,61],{"class":60},[50,4249,3652],{"class":64},[50,4251,3011],{"class":101},[50,4253,89],{"class":64},[50,4255,3016],{"class":101},[50,4257,89],{"class":64},[50,4259,2473],{"class":101},[50,4261,788],{"class":64},[50,4263,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4288],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4265,2250],{"class":56},[50,4267,61],{"class":60},[50,4269,3673],{"class":118},[50,4271,122],{"class":64},[50,4273,3049],{"class":125},[50,4275,4276],{"class":60},">",[50,4278,1192],{"class":101},[50,4280,3900],{"class":1622},[50,4282,3903],{"class":125},[50,4284,1562],{"class":1622},[50,4286,4287],{"class":125}," numbers",[50,4289,414],{"class":64},[50,4291,4292],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,4293,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,4295,4296,4298,4300,4302],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,4297,119],{"class":118},[50,4299,122],{"class":64},[50,4301,2285],{"class":125},[50,4303,414],{"class":64},[20,4305,2091],{},[41,4307,4308],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4309,4310],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4311,4312],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4313,4002],{"class":1494},[20,4315,4316],{},"Here is one that fails:",[41,4318,4320],{"className":43,"code":4319,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4321,4322,4344,4370,4374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4323,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4325,3647],{"class":56},[50,4327,61],{"class":60},[50,4329,3652],{"class":64},[50,4331,3011],{"class":101},[50,4333,89],{"class":64},[50,4335,2242],{"class":60},[50,4337,2076],{"class":101},[50,4339,89],{"class":64},[50,4341,2473],{"class":101},[50,4343,788],{"class":64},[50,4345,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4347,2250],{"class":56},[50,4349,61],{"class":60},[50,4351,3673],{"class":118},[50,4353,122],{"class":64},[50,4355,3049],{"class":125},[50,4357,4276],{"class":60},[50,4359,1192],{"class":101},[50,4361,3900],{"class":1622},[50,4363,3903],{"class":125},[50,4365,1562],{"class":1622},[50,4367,4287],{"class":125},[50,4369,414],{"class":64},[50,4371,4372],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,4373,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,4375,4376,4378,4380,4382],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,4377,119],{"class":118},[50,4379,122],{"class":64},[50,4381,2285],{"class":125},[50,4383,414],{"class":64},[20,4385,2091],{},[41,4387,4388],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4389,4390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4391,4392],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4393,4063],{"class":1494},[20,4395,4396,4397,4400,4401,4403,4404,35,4406,129],{},"The expression ",[15,4398,4399],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4402,3632],{},", then ",[15,4405,3606],{},[15,4407,3632],{},[20,4409,4410],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4412,4413,4414,1846,4418,129],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[380,4415,4417],{"href":4416},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[380,4419,4421],{"href":4420},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[219,4423,4425],{"id":4424},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4427,4428,35,4430,129],{},[15,4429,3629],{},[15,4431,3632],{},[20,4433,4434],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4436,253],{},[41,4438,4440],{"className":43,"code":4439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4441,4442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4443,4444,4446,4448,4450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4445,119],{"class":118},[50,4447,122],{"class":64},[50,4449,3743],{"class":118},[50,4451,4452],{"class":64},"([]))\n",[20,4454,2091],{},[41,4456,4457],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4458,4459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4460,4461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4462,4002],{"class":1494},[20,4464,4465],{},"Why?",[20,4467,4468],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4470,4471],{},"Think of it this way:",[233,4473,4474,4481,4484],{},[236,4475,4476,35,4478,4480],{},[15,4477,3606],{},[15,4479,3702],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[236,4482,4483],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[236,4485,4486,4487],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4488,3702],{},[20,4490,4491],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4493,4494],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[41,4496,4498],{"className":43,"code":4497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4499,4500,4511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4501,4502,4504,4506,4508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4503,119],{"class":118},[50,4505,122],{"class":64},[50,4507,3743],{"class":118},[50,4509,4510],{"class":64},"(()))\n",[50,4512,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4514,119],{"class":118},[50,4516,122],{"class":64},[50,4518,3743],{"class":118},[50,4520,122],{"class":64},[50,4522,3801],{"class":68},[50,4524,1770],{"class":64},[20,4526,2091],{},[41,4528,4530],{"className":43,"code":4529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4531,4532,4536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4533,4534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4535,4002],{"class":1494},[50,4537,4538],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4539,4002],{"class":1494},[219,4541,4543],{"id":4542},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[811,4545,4547],{"id":4546},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4549,4550],{},"This is wrong:",[41,4552,4554],{"className":43,"code":4553,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4555,4556,4561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4557,4558],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4559,4560],{"class":146},"# Wrong\n",[50,4562,4563],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4564,4565],{"class":146},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4567,4568,4570],{},[15,4569,3606],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4572,4573],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[41,4575,4577],{"className":43,"code":4576,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4578,4579],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4580,4581,4583,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4582,119],{"class":118},[50,4584,122],{"class":64},[50,4586,3743],{"class":118},[50,4588,3008],{"class":64},[50,4590,3011],{"class":101},[50,4592,89],{"class":64},[50,4594,3016],{"class":101},[50,4596,89],{"class":64},[50,4598,2473],{"class":101},[50,4600,3023],{"class":64},[811,4602,1686,4604,4606],{"id":4603},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[15,4605,3606],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4608,4609],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[41,4611,4613],{"className":43,"code":4612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4614,4615,4636],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4616,4617,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4630,4632,4634],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4618,3647],{"class":56},[50,4620,61],{"class":60},[50,4622,3652],{"class":64},[50,4624,2157],{"class":101},[50,4626,89],{"class":64},[50,4628,4629],{"class":101}," 5",[50,4631,89],{"class":64},[50,4633,4629],{"class":101},[50,4635,788],{"class":64},[50,4637,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4639,119],{"class":118},[50,4641,122],{"class":64},[50,4643,3743],{"class":118},[50,4645,122],{"class":64},[50,4647,3678],{"class":125},[50,4649,1770],{"class":64},[20,4651,4652,4653,4655],{},"This does ",[997,4654,1262],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4657,4658,4659,4661],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4660,2157],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[41,4663,4664],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4665,4666],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4667,4668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4669,4002],{"class":1494},[20,4671,4672],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[41,4674,4676],{"className":43,"code":4675,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4677,4678,4698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4679,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4681,3647],{"class":56},[50,4683,61],{"class":60},[50,4685,3652],{"class":64},[50,4687,2157],{"class":101},[50,4689,89],{"class":64},[50,4691,4629],{"class":101},[50,4693,89],{"class":64},[50,4695,4629],{"class":101},[50,4697,788],{"class":64},[50,4699,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4701,119],{"class":118},[50,4703,122],{"class":64},[50,4705,3743],{"class":118},[50,4707,122],{"class":64},[50,4709,3049],{"class":125},[50,4711,4712],{"class":60},"==",[50,4714,4629],{"class":101},[50,4716,3900],{"class":1622},[50,4718,3903],{"class":125},[50,4720,1562],{"class":1622},[50,4722,4287],{"class":125},[50,4724,1770],{"class":64},[811,4726,1678,4728,4730],{"id":4727},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4729,1215],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[41,4732,4734],{"className":43,"code":4733,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4735,4736,4762],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4737,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756,4759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4739,119],{"class":118},[50,4741,122],{"class":64},[50,4743,3743],{"class":118},[50,4745,3008],{"class":64},[50,4747,3011],{"class":101},[50,4749,89],{"class":64},[50,4751,3016],{"class":101},[50,4753,89],{"class":64},[50,4755,1192],{"class":101},[50,4757,4758],{"class":64},"]))",[50,4760,4761],{"class":146},"       # False\n",[50,4763,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4765,119],{"class":118},[50,4767,122],{"class":64},[50,4769,3743],{"class":118},[50,4771,3008],{"class":64},[50,4773,1736],{"class":68},[50,4775,380],{"class":72},[50,4777,1736],{"class":68},[50,4779,89],{"class":64},[50,4781,3321],{"class":68},[50,4783,4784],{"class":72},"b",[50,4786,1736],{"class":68},[50,4788,89],{"class":64},[50,4790,3863],{"class":68},[50,4792,4758],{"class":64},[50,4794,4795],{"class":146},"  # False\n",[20,4797,4798,4799,129],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4800,3702],{},[811,4802,4804,4805,4807,4808],{"id":4803},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4806,3629],{}," is ",[15,4809,3632],{},[20,4811,4812],{},"This is expected behavior:",[41,4814,4816],{"className":43,"code":4815,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4817,4818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4819,4820,4822,4824,4826,4829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4821,119],{"class":118},[50,4823,122],{"class":64},[50,4825,3743],{"class":118},[50,4827,4828],{"class":64},"([]))",[50,4830,1631],{"class":146},[20,4832,4833,4834,4836],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4835,3632],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4838,4839],{},"Useful quick tests:",[41,4841,4843],{"className":43,"code":4842,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4844,4845,4867,4889,4936,4972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4846,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4848,119],{"class":118},[50,4850,122],{"class":64},[50,4852,3743],{"class":118},[50,4854,3008],{"class":64},[50,4856,3011],{"class":101},[50,4858,89],{"class":64},[50,4860,3016],{"class":101},[50,4862,89],{"class":64},[50,4864,2473],{"class":101},[50,4866,3023],{"class":64},[50,4868,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4870,119],{"class":118},[50,4872,122],{"class":64},[50,4874,3743],{"class":118},[50,4876,3008],{"class":64},[50,4878,3011],{"class":101},[50,4880,89],{"class":64},[50,4882,1192],{"class":101},[50,4884,89],{"class":64},[50,4886,2473],{"class":101},[50,4888,3023],{"class":64},[50,4890,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,4892,119],{"class":118},[50,4894,3008],{"class":64},[50,4896,3891],{"class":1779},[50,4898,122],{"class":64},[50,4900,2194],{"class":125},[50,4902,1206],{"class":64},[50,4904,3900],{"class":1622},[50,4906,3903],{"class":125},[50,4908,1562],{"class":1622},[50,4910,3652],{"class":64},[50,4912,3011],{"class":101},[50,4914,89],{"class":64},[50,4916,1192],{"class":101},[50,4918,89],{"class":64},[50,4920,3863],{"class":68},[50,4922,89],{"class":64},[50,4924,3321],{"class":68},[50,4926,3870],{"class":72},[50,4928,1736],{"class":68},[50,4930,89],{"class":64},[50,4932,1495],{"class":1494},[50,4934,4935],{"class":64},"]])\n",[50,4937,4938,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,4939,119],{"class":118},[50,4941,122],{"class":64},[50,4943,3743],{"class":118},[50,4945,122],{"class":64},[50,4947,3049],{"class":125},[50,4949,4276],{"class":60},[50,4951,1192],{"class":101},[50,4953,3900],{"class":1622},[50,4955,3903],{"class":125},[50,4957,1562],{"class":1622},[50,4959,3652],{"class":64},[50,4961,3011],{"class":101},[50,4963,89],{"class":64},[50,4965,3016],{"class":101},[50,4967,89],{"class":64},[50,4969,2473],{"class":101},[50,4971,3023],{"class":64},[50,4973,4974,4976,4978,4980],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,4975,119],{"class":118},[50,4977,122],{"class":64},[50,4979,3743],{"class":118},[50,4981,4452],{"class":64},[219,4983,582,4985],{"id":4984},"when-to-use-all",[15,4986,3606],{},[20,4988,4989,4991],{},[15,4990,3606],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4993,4994],{},"Common use cases:",[233,4996,4997,5000,5003],{},[236,4998,4999],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[236,5001,5002],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[236,5004,5005],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5007,5008],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[41,5010,5012],{"className":43,"code":5011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5013,5014,5050],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5015,5016,5019,5021,5023,5025,5028,5030,5032,5034,5037,5039,5041,5043,5046,5048],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5017,5018],{"class":56},"names ",[50,5020,61],{"class":60},[50,5022,3652],{"class":64},[50,5024,1736],{"class":68},[50,5026,5027],{"class":72},"Alice",[50,5029,1736],{"class":68},[50,5031,89],{"class":64},[50,5033,3321],{"class":68},[50,5035,5036],{"class":72},"Bob",[50,5038,1736],{"class":68},[50,5040,89],{"class":64},[50,5042,3321],{"class":68},[50,5044,5045],{"class":72},"Charlie",[50,5047,1736],{"class":68},[50,5049,788],{"class":64},[50,5051,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5063],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5053,119],{"class":118},[50,5055,122],{"class":64},[50,5057,3743],{"class":118},[50,5059,122],{"class":64},[50,5061,5062],{"class":125},"names",[50,5064,1770],{"class":64},[20,5066,2091],{},[41,5068,5069],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5070,5071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5072,5073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5074,4002],{"class":1494},[20,5076,5077],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[41,5079,5081],{"className":43,"code":5080,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5082,5083,5106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5084,5085,5087,5089,5091,5094,5096,5099,5101,5104],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5086,1128],{"class":56},[50,5088,61],{"class":60},[50,5090,3652],{"class":64},[50,5092,5093],{"class":101},"75",[50,5095,89],{"class":64},[50,5097,5098],{"class":101}," 80",[50,5100,89],{"class":64},[50,5102,5103],{"class":101}," 50",[50,5105,788],{"class":64},[50,5107,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5119,5122,5124,5126,5129,5131,5133],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5109,119],{"class":118},[50,5111,122],{"class":64},[50,5113,3743],{"class":118},[50,5115,122],{"class":64},[50,5117,5118],{"class":125},"score ",[50,5120,5121],{"class":60},">=",[50,5123,5103],{"class":101},[50,5125,3900],{"class":1622},[50,5127,5128],{"class":125}," score ",[50,5130,1562],{"class":1622},[50,5132,1174],{"class":125},[50,5134,1770],{"class":64},[20,5136,2091],{},[41,5138,5139],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5140,5141],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5142,5143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5144,4002],{"class":1494},[20,5146,5147],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5149,5150,5151,1846,5155,129],{},"For related tasks, see ",[380,5152,5154],{"href":5153},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[380,5156,5158],{"href":5157},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[219,5160,1857],{"id":1856},[811,5162,5164,5165,5167],{"id":5163},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5166,3606],{}," return in Python?",[20,5169,5170,5171,5173,5174,5176],{},"It returns ",[15,5172,3632],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5175,3702],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[811,5178,5180,5181,5183,5184,1867],{"id":5179},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5182,3629],{}," return ",[15,5185,3632],{},[20,5187,5188],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[811,5190,5192,5193,5195],{"id":5191},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5194,3606],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5197,5198],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[811,5200,5202,5203,1846,5205,1867],{"id":5201},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5204,3606],{},[15,5206,5207],{},"any()",[20,5209,5210,5212,5213,5215,5216,129],{},[15,5211,3606],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5214,5207],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[380,5217,3603,5219,3536],{"href":5218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5220,5207],{},[219,5222,1909],{"id":1908},[233,5224,5225,5231,5235,5240,5245,5250],{},[236,5226,5227],{},[380,5228,3603,5229,3536],{"href":5218},[15,5230,5207],{},[236,5232,5233],{},[380,5234,3832],{"href":3831},[236,5236,5237],{},[380,5238,5239],{"href":5157},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[236,5241,5242],{},[380,5243,5244],{"href":5153},"How to filter a list in Python",[236,5246,5247],{},[380,5248,5249],{"href":4416},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[236,5251,5252],{},[380,5253,5254],{"href":4420},"What is an iterable in Python",[1944,5256,5257],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":5259},[5260,5261,5263,5264,5269,5271,5272,5281,5283,5293],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":3705,"depth":108,"text":5262},"What all() does",{"id":3756,"depth":108,"text":3757},{"id":3953,"depth":108,"text":3954,"children":5265},[5266,5267,5268],{"id":3957,"depth":115,"text":3958},{"id":4018,"depth":115,"text":4019},{"id":4082,"depth":115,"text":4083},{"id":4221,"depth":108,"text":5270},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4424,"depth":108,"text":4425},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":5273},[5274,5275,5277,5279],{"id":4546,"depth":115,"text":4547},{"id":4603,"depth":115,"text":5276},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4727,"depth":115,"text":5278},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4803,"depth":115,"text":5280},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4984,"depth":108,"text":5282},"When to use all()",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":5284},[5285,5287,5289,5291],{"id":5163,"depth":115,"text":5286},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5179,"depth":115,"text":5288},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5191,"depth":115,"text":5290},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5201,"depth":115,"text":5292},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3597,"description":5294},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5301,"title":5302,"body":5303,"description":6993,"extension":1981,"meta":6994,"navigation":111,"path":5218,"seo":6995,"stem":6996,"__hash__":6997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5304,"toc":6971},[5305,5308,5316,5319,5336,5344,5387,5396,5400,5405,5408,5425,5428,5439,5451,5455,5458,5473,5478,5481,5493,5496,5581,5584,5605,5611,5613,5621,5635,5637,5671,5673,5676,5737,5739,5756,5759,5786,5788,5796,5808,5812,5815,5854,5856,5864,5866,5882,5890,5893,5936,5938,5946,5951,5955,5963,5966,5993,5996,5999,6072,6074,6082,6089,6113,6124,6127,6206,6208,6216,6223,6227,6232,6247,6249,6257,6260,6266,6269,6315,6317,6334,6338,6343,6354,6357,6471,6474,6533,6539,6541,6546,6550,6552,6571,6577,6580,6599,6603,6612,6639,6641,6649,6657,6661,6667,6690,6692,6700,6707,6711,6714,6765,6768,6819,6822,6824,6828,6835,6839,6846,6850,6858,6862,6865,6887,6889,6939,6941,6968],[10,5306,5302],{"id":5307},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5309,5310,5312,5313,129],{},[15,5311,5207],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[997,5314,5315],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5317,5318],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[233,5320,5321,5324,5327,5330,5333],{},[236,5322,5323],{},"lists",[236,5325,5326],{},"tuples",[236,5328,5329],{},"sets",[236,5331,5332],{},"strings",[236,5334,5335],{},"generator expressions",[20,5337,5338,5339,2901,5341,5343],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5340,3632],{},[15,5342,3702],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[41,5345,5347],{"className":43,"code":5346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5348,5349,5369],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5350,5351,5353,5355,5357,5359,5361,5363,5365,5367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5352,3848],{"class":56},[50,5354,61],{"class":60},[50,5356,3652],{"class":64},[50,5358,1215],{"class":101},[50,5360,89],{"class":64},[50,5362,3863],{"class":68},[50,5364,89],{"class":64},[50,5366,4629],{"class":101},[50,5368,788],{"class":64},[50,5370,5371,5373,5375,5378,5380,5383,5385],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5372,119],{"class":118},[50,5374,122],{"class":64},[50,5376,5377],{"class":118},"any",[50,5379,122],{"class":64},[50,5381,5382],{"class":125},"values",[50,5384,143],{"class":64},[50,5386,1631],{"class":146},[20,5388,212,5389,5392,5393,5395],{},[15,5390,5391],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5394,3632],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[219,5397,5399],{"id":5398},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5401,5402,5404],{},[15,5403,5207],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5406,5407],{},"It returns:",[233,5409,5410,5415,5420],{},[236,5411,5412,5414],{},[15,5413,3632],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[236,5416,5417,5419],{},[15,5418,3702],{}," if all items are falsy",[236,5421,5422,5424],{},[15,5423,3702],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5426,5427],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[233,5429,5430,5433,5436],{},[236,5431,5432],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[236,5434,5435],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[236,5437,5438],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5440,5441,5442,5445,5446,129],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[997,5443,5444],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[380,5447,5449],{"href":5448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5450,3606],{},[219,5452,5454],{"id":5453},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5456,5457],{},"The syntax is simple:",[41,5459,5461],{"className":43,"code":5460,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5462,5463],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5464,5465,5467,5469,5471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5466,5377],{"class":118},[50,5468,122],{"class":64},[50,5470,3748],{"class":125},[50,5472,414],{"class":64},[20,5474,5475,5476,129],{},"The argument must be an ",[997,5477,3748],{},[20,5479,5480],{},"Common inputs include:",[233,5482,5483,5485,5487,5489,5491],{},[236,5484,5323],{},[236,5486,5326],{},[236,5488,5329],{},[236,5490,5332],{},[236,5492,5335],{},[20,5494,5495],{},"For example:",[41,5497,5499],{"className":43,"code":5498,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5500,5501,5524,5543,5563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5502,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5504,119],{"class":118},[50,5506,122],{"class":64},[50,5508,5377],{"class":118},[50,5510,3008],{"class":64},[50,5512,1215],{"class":101},[50,5514,89],{"class":64},[50,5516,1192],{"class":101},[50,5518,89],{"class":64},[50,5520,5521],{"class":101}," 1",[50,5523,3023],{"class":64},[50,5525,5526,5528,5530,5532,5535,5537,5539,5541],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5527,119],{"class":118},[50,5529,122],{"class":64},[50,5531,5377],{"class":118},[50,5533,5534],{"class":64},"((",[50,5536,3702],{"class":1494},[50,5538,89],{"class":64},[50,5540,3929],{"class":1494},[50,5542,1799],{"class":64},[50,5544,5545,5547,5549,5551,5554,5556,5558,5560],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,5546,119],{"class":118},[50,5548,122],{"class":64},[50,5550,5377],{"class":118},[50,5552,5553],{"class":64},"({",[50,5555,1215],{"class":101},[50,5557,89],{"class":64},[50,5559,3016],{"class":101},[50,5561,5562],{"class":64},"}))\n",[50,5564,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573,5575,5577,5579],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,5566,119],{"class":118},[50,5568,122],{"class":64},[50,5570,5377],{"class":118},[50,5572,122],{"class":64},[50,5574,69],{"class":68},[50,5576,3870],{"class":72},[50,5578,69],{"class":68},[50,5580,1770],{"class":64},[20,5582,5583],{},"Expected output:",[41,5585,5587],{"className":43,"code":5586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5588,5589,5593,5597,5601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5590,5591],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5592,4002],{"class":1494},[50,5594,5595],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5596,4063],{"class":1494},[50,5598,5599],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,5600,4002],{"class":1494},[50,5602,5603],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,5604,4002],{"class":1494},[20,5606,5607,5608,129],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[380,5609,5158],{"href":5610},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[219,5612,3757],{"id":3756},[20,5614,3760,5615,2901,5618,3765],{},[997,5616,5617],{},"truthy",[997,5619,5620],{},"falsy",[233,5622,5623,5629],{},[236,5624,5625,3773,5627],{},[997,5626,3772],{},[15,5628,3632],{},[236,5630,5631,3773,5633],{},[997,5632,3780],{},[15,5634,3702],{},[20,5636,3785],{},[233,5638,5639,5643,5647,5651,5655,5659,5663,5667],{},[236,5640,5641],{},[15,5642,3702],{},[236,5644,5645],{},[15,5646,1215],{},[236,5648,5649],{},[15,5650,3796],{},[236,5652,5653],{},[15,5654,3801],{},[236,5656,5657],{},[15,5658,1234],{},[236,5660,5661],{},[15,5662,1240],{},[236,5664,5665],{},[15,5666,3822],{},[236,5668,5669],{},[15,5670,38],{},[20,5672,3825],{},[20,5674,5675],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[41,5677,5679],{"className":43,"code":5678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5680,5681,5695,5713],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5682,5683,5685,5687,5689,5691,5693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5684,119],{"class":118},[50,5686,122],{"class":64},[50,5688,5377],{"class":118},[50,5690,3008],{"class":64},[50,5692,3011],{"class":101},[50,5694,3023],{"class":64},[50,5696,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707,5709,5711],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5698,119],{"class":118},[50,5700,122],{"class":64},[50,5702,5377],{"class":118},[50,5704,3008],{"class":64},[50,5706,1736],{"class":68},[50,5708,3870],{"class":72},[50,5710,1736],{"class":68},[50,5712,3023],{"class":64},[50,5714,5715,5717,5719,5721,5724,5726,5728,5730,5732,5734],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,5716,119],{"class":118},[50,5718,122],{"class":64},[50,5720,5377],{"class":118},[50,5722,5723],{"class":64},"([[",[50,5725,3011],{"class":101},[50,5727,89],{"class":64},[50,5729,3016],{"class":101},[50,5731,89],{"class":64},[50,5733,2473],{"class":101},[50,5735,5736],{"class":64},"]]))\n",[20,5738,5583],{},[41,5740,5742],{"className":43,"code":5741,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5743,5744,5748,5752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5745,5746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5747,4002],{"class":1494},[50,5749,5750],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5751,4002],{"class":1494},[50,5753,5754],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,5755,4002],{"class":1494},[20,5757,5758],{},"And these are all falsy:",[41,5760,5762],{"className":43,"code":5761,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5763,5764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5765,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782,5784],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5767,119],{"class":118},[50,5769,122],{"class":64},[50,5771,5377],{"class":118},[50,5773,3008],{"class":64},[50,5775,1215],{"class":101},[50,5777,89],{"class":64},[50,5779,3863],{"class":68},[50,5781,89],{"class":64},[50,5783,1495],{"class":1494},[50,5785,3023],{"class":64},[20,5787,5583],{},[41,5789,5790],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5791,5792],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5793,5794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5795,4063],{"class":1494},[20,5797,5798,5799,1846,5802,129],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[380,5800,3832],{"href":5801},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[380,5803,5805,5807],{"href":5804},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5806,3838],{}," explained",[219,5809,5811],{"id":5810},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5813,5814],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[41,5816,5818],{"className":43,"code":5817,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5819,5820,5840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5821,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834,5836,5838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5823,3848],{"class":56},[50,5825,61],{"class":60},[50,5827,3652],{"class":64},[50,5829,1215],{"class":101},[50,5831,89],{"class":64},[50,5833,3863],{"class":68},[50,5835,89],{"class":64},[50,5837,4629],{"class":101},[50,5839,788],{"class":64},[50,5841,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5843,119],{"class":118},[50,5845,122],{"class":64},[50,5847,5377],{"class":118},[50,5849,122],{"class":64},[50,5851,5382],{"class":125},[50,5853,1770],{"class":64},[20,5855,2091],{},[41,5857,5858],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5859,5860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5861,5862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5863,4002],{"class":1494},[20,5865,4465],{},[233,5867,5868,5873,5877],{},[236,5869,5870,5872],{},[15,5871,1215],{}," is falsy",[236,5874,5875,5872],{},[15,5876,3801],{},[236,5878,5879,5881],{},[15,5880,2157],{}," is truthy",[20,5883,5884,5885,35,5888,129],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5886,5887],{},"any(values)",[15,5889,3632],{},[20,5891,5892],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[41,5894,5896],{"className":43,"code":5895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5897,5898,5922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5899,5900,5902,5904,5906,5908,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918,5920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5901,3848],{"class":56},[50,5903,61],{"class":60},[50,5905,3652],{"class":64},[50,5907,1215],{"class":101},[50,5909,89],{"class":64},[50,5911,3863],{"class":68},[50,5913,89],{"class":64},[50,5915,1495],{"class":1494},[50,5917,89],{"class":64},[50,5919,3929],{"class":1494},[50,5921,788],{"class":64},[50,5923,5924,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5925,119],{"class":118},[50,5927,122],{"class":64},[50,5929,5377],{"class":118},[50,5931,122],{"class":64},[50,5933,5382],{"class":125},[50,5935,1770],{"class":64},[20,5937,2091],{},[41,5939,5940],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5941,5942],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5943,5944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5945,4063],{"class":1494},[20,5947,5948,5949,129],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5950,3702],{},[219,5952,5954],{"id":5953},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5956,5957,5959,5960,129],{},[15,5958,5207],{}," is often used with a ",[997,5961,5962],{},"generator expression",[20,5964,5965],{},"This is a common pattern:",[41,5967,5969],{"className":43,"code":5968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5970,5971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5972,5973,5975,5977,5980,5983,5986,5988,5991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5974,5377],{"class":118},[50,5976,122],{"class":64},[50,5978,5979],{"class":125},"condition ",[50,5981,5982],{"class":1622},"for",[50,5984,5985],{"class":125}," item ",[50,5987,1562],{"class":1622},[50,5989,5990],{"class":125}," items",[50,5992,414],{"class":64},[20,5994,5995],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5997,5998],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[41,6000,6002],{"className":43,"code":6001,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6003,6004,6031,6035,6062],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6005,6006,6008,6010,6012,6014,6016,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6007,3647],{"class":56},[50,6009,61],{"class":60},[50,6011,3652],{"class":64},[50,6013,2527],{"class":101},[50,6015,89],{"class":64},[50,6017,6018],{"class":101}," 7",[50,6020,89],{"class":64},[50,6022,2242],{"class":60},[50,6024,2076],{"class":101},[50,6026,89],{"class":64},[50,6028,1144],{"class":101},[50,6030,788],{"class":64},[50,6032,6033],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6034,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6036,6037,6039,6041,6044,6046,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056,6058,6060],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6038,2250],{"class":56},[50,6040,61],{"class":60},[50,6042,6043],{"class":118}," any",[50,6045,122],{"class":64},[50,6047,3049],{"class":125},[50,6049,3315],{"class":60},[50,6051,1192],{"class":101},[50,6053,3900],{"class":1622},[50,6055,3903],{"class":125},[50,6057,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6059,4287],{"class":125},[50,6061,414],{"class":64},[50,6063,6064,6066,6068,6070],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,6065,119],{"class":118},[50,6067,122],{"class":64},[50,6069,2285],{"class":125},[50,6071,414],{"class":64},[20,6073,2091],{},[41,6075,6076],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6077,6078],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6079,6080],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6081,4002],{"class":1494},[20,6083,6084,6085,6088],{},"This works because ",[15,6086,6087],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[233,6090,6091,6099,6106],{},[236,6092,6093,6096,6097],{},[15,6094,6095],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6098,3702],{},[236,6100,6101,6096,6104],{},[15,6102,6103],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6105,3702],{},[236,6107,6108,6096,6111],{},[15,6109,6110],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6112,3632],{},[20,6114,6115,6116,6118,6119,6121,6122,129],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6117,3632],{}," result, ",[15,6120,5207],{}," can return ",[15,6123,3632],{},[20,6125,6126],{},"Here is another example:",[41,6128,6130],{"className":43,"code":6129,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6131,6132,6161,6165,6195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6133,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144,6146,6148,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6135,4093],{"class":56},[50,6137,61],{"class":60},[50,6139,3652],{"class":64},[50,6141,69],{"class":68},[50,6143,4102],{"class":72},[50,6145,69],{"class":68},[50,6147,89],{"class":64},[50,6149,6150],{"class":68}," \"\"",[50,6152,89],{"class":64},[50,6154,81],{"class":68},[50,6156,4111],{"class":72},[50,6158,69],{"class":68},[50,6160,788],{"class":64},[50,6162,6163],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6164,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6166,6167,6170,6172,6174,6176,6179,6181,6183,6185,6188,6190,6193],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6168,6169],{"class":56},"has_empty_string ",[50,6171,61],{"class":60},[50,6173,6043],{"class":118},[50,6175,122],{"class":64},[50,6177,6178],{"class":125},"word ",[50,6180,4712],{"class":60},[50,6182,6150],{"class":68},[50,6184,3900],{"class":1622},[50,6186,6187],{"class":125}," word ",[50,6189,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6191,6192],{"class":125}," words",[50,6194,414],{"class":64},[50,6196,6197,6199,6201,6204],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,6198,119],{"class":118},[50,6200,122],{"class":64},[50,6202,6203],{"class":125},"has_empty_string",[50,6205,414],{"class":64},[20,6207,2091],{},[41,6209,6210],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6211,6212],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6213,6214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6215,4002],{"class":1494},[20,6217,6218,6219,129],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[380,6220,6222],{"href":6221},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[219,6224,6226],{"id":6225},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6228,6229,6230,78],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6231,3702],{},[41,6233,6235],{"className":43,"code":6234,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6236,6237],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6238,6239,6241,6243,6245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6240,119],{"class":118},[50,6242,122],{"class":64},[50,6244,5377],{"class":118},[50,6246,4452],{"class":64},[20,6248,2091],{},[41,6250,6251],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6252,6253],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6254,6255],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6256,4063],{"class":1494},[20,6258,6259],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6261,6262,6263,6265],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6264,5207],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6267,6268],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[41,6270,6272],{"className":43,"code":6271,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6273,6274,6284,6299],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6275,6276,6278,6280,6282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6277,119],{"class":118},[50,6279,122],{"class":64},[50,6281,5377],{"class":118},[50,6283,4510],{"class":64},[50,6285,6286,6288,6290,6292,6294,6297],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6287,119],{"class":118},[50,6289,122],{"class":64},[50,6291,5377],{"class":118},[50,6293,122],{"class":64},[50,6295,6296],{"class":68},"\"\"",[50,6298,1770],{"class":64},[50,6300,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309,6312],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6302,119],{"class":118},[50,6304,122],{"class":64},[50,6306,5377],{"class":118},[50,6308,122],{"class":64},[50,6310,6311],{"class":1779},"set",[50,6313,6314],{"class":64},"()))\n",[20,6316,2091],{},[41,6318,6320],{"className":43,"code":6319,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6321,6322,6326,6330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6323,6324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6325,4063],{"class":1494},[50,6327,6328],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6329,4063],{"class":1494},[50,6331,6332],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6333,4063],{"class":1494},[219,6335,6337],{"id":6336},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6339,212,6340,6342],{},[15,6341,5207],{}," when you want to:",[233,6344,6345,6348,6351],{},[236,6346,6347],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[236,6349,6350],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[236,6352,6353],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6355,6356],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[41,6358,6360],{"className":43,"code":6359,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6361,6362,6386,6390,6400,6404,6418,6437,6448,6454,6459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6363,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382,6384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6365,3647],{"class":56},[50,6367,61],{"class":60},[50,6369,3652],{"class":64},[50,6371,3011],{"class":101},[50,6373,89],{"class":64},[50,6375,2473],{"class":101},[50,6377,89],{"class":64},[50,6379,4629],{"class":101},[50,6381,89],{"class":64},[50,6383,1158],{"class":101},[50,6385,788],{"class":64},[50,6387,6388],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6389,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6391,6392,6395,6397],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6393,6394],{"class":56},"found_even ",[50,6396,61],{"class":60},[50,6398,6399],{"class":1494}," False\n",[50,6401,6402],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,6403,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6405,6406,6408,6411,6413,6415],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,6407,5982],{"class":1622},[50,6409,6410],{"class":56}," number ",[50,6412,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6414,4287],{"class":56},[50,6416,6417],{"class":64},":\n",[50,6419,6420,6423,6425,6428,6430,6433,6435],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,6421,6422],{"class":1622},"    if",[50,6424,6410],{"class":56},[50,6426,6427],{"class":60},"%",[50,6429,3016],{"class":101},[50,6431,6432],{"class":60}," ==",[50,6434,1192],{"class":101},[50,6436,6417],{"class":64},[50,6438,6440,6443,6445],{"class":52,"line":6439},7,[50,6441,6442],{"class":56},"        found_even ",[50,6444,61],{"class":60},[50,6446,6447],{"class":1494}," True\n",[50,6449,6451],{"class":52,"line":6450},8,[50,6452,6453],{"class":1622},"        break\n",[50,6455,6457],{"class":52,"line":6456},9,[50,6458,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6460,6462,6464,6466,6469],{"class":52,"line":6461},10,[50,6463,119],{"class":118},[50,6465,122],{"class":64},[50,6467,6468],{"class":125},"found_even",[50,6470,414],{"class":64},[20,6472,6473],{},"You can write:",[41,6475,6477],{"className":43,"code":6476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6478,6479,6503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6480,6481,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6482,3647],{"class":56},[50,6484,61],{"class":60},[50,6486,3652],{"class":64},[50,6488,3011],{"class":101},[50,6490,89],{"class":64},[50,6492,2473],{"class":101},[50,6494,89],{"class":64},[50,6496,4629],{"class":101},[50,6498,89],{"class":64},[50,6500,1158],{"class":101},[50,6502,788],{"class":64},[50,6504,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513,6515,6517,6519,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6506,119],{"class":118},[50,6508,122],{"class":64},[50,6510,5377],{"class":118},[50,6512,122],{"class":64},[50,6514,2237],{"class":125},[50,6516,6427],{"class":60},[50,6518,3016],{"class":101},[50,6520,6432],{"class":60},[50,6522,1192],{"class":101},[50,6524,3900],{"class":1622},[50,6526,6410],{"class":125},[50,6528,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6530,4287],{"class":125},[50,6532,1770],{"class":64},[20,6534,6535,6536,6538],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6537,5207],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[219,6540,4543],{"id":4542},[20,6542,6543,6544,129],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6545,5207],{},[811,6547,6549],{"id":6548},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6551,4550],{},[41,6553,6555],{"className":43,"code":6554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6556,6557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6558,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567,6569],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6560,119],{"class":118},[50,6562,122],{"class":64},[50,6564,5377],{"class":118},[50,6566,122],{"class":64},[50,6568,2157],{"class":101},[50,6570,1770],{"class":64},[20,6572,6573,6574,6576],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6575,2157],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6578,6579],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[41,6581,6583],{"className":43,"code":6582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6584,6585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6586,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6588,119],{"class":118},[50,6590,122],{"class":64},[50,6592,5377],{"class":118},[50,6594,3008],{"class":64},[50,6596,2157],{"class":101},[50,6598,3023],{"class":64},[811,6600,6602],{"id":6601},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6604,6605,6607,6608,6611],{},[15,6606,5207],{}," needs only ",[997,6609,6610],{},"one"," truthy item.",[41,6613,6615],{"className":43,"code":6614,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6616,6617],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6618,6619,6621,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6620,119],{"class":118},[50,6622,122],{"class":64},[50,6624,5377],{"class":118},[50,6626,3008],{"class":64},[50,6628,3702],{"class":1494},[50,6630,89],{"class":64},[50,6632,3929],{"class":1494},[50,6634,89],{"class":64},[50,6636,3938],{"class":1494},[50,6638,3023],{"class":64},[20,6640,2091],{},[41,6642,6643],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6644,6645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6646,6647],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6648,4002],{"class":1494},[20,6650,6651,6652,6656],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[380,6653,6654],{"href":5448},[15,6655,3606],{}," instead.",[811,6658,6660],{"id":6659},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6662,6663,6664,129],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6665,6666],{},"\"True\"",[41,6668,6670],{"className":43,"code":6669,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6671,6672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6673,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6675,119],{"class":118},[50,6677,122],{"class":64},[50,6679,5377],{"class":118},[50,6681,3008],{"class":64},[50,6683,69],{"class":68},[50,6685,3702],{"class":72},[50,6687,69],{"class":68},[50,6689,3023],{"class":64},[20,6691,2091],{},[41,6693,6694],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6695,6696],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6697,6698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6699,4002],{"class":1494},[20,6701,6702,6703,6706],{},"That is because ",[15,6704,6705],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[811,6708,6710],{"id":6709},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6712,6713],{},"This works:",[41,6715,6717],{"className":43,"code":6716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6718,6719,6739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6720,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735,6737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6722,3647],{"class":56},[50,6724,61],{"class":60},[50,6726,3652],{"class":64},[50,6728,3011],{"class":101},[50,6730,89],{"class":64},[50,6732,3016],{"class":101},[50,6734,89],{"class":64},[50,6736,2473],{"class":101},[50,6738,788],{"class":64},[50,6740,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6742,119],{"class":118},[50,6744,122],{"class":64},[50,6746,5377],{"class":118},[50,6748,3008],{"class":64},[50,6750,3049],{"class":125},[50,6752,4276],{"class":60},[50,6754,3016],{"class":101},[50,6756,3900],{"class":1622},[50,6758,3903],{"class":125},[50,6760,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6762,4287],{"class":125},[50,6764,3023],{"class":64},[20,6766,6767],{},"But this is usually better:",[41,6769,6771],{"className":43,"code":6770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6772,6773,6793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6774,6775,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6776,3647],{"class":56},[50,6778,61],{"class":60},[50,6780,3652],{"class":64},[50,6782,3011],{"class":101},[50,6784,89],{"class":64},[50,6786,3016],{"class":101},[50,6788,89],{"class":64},[50,6790,2473],{"class":101},[50,6792,788],{"class":64},[50,6794,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6796,119],{"class":118},[50,6798,122],{"class":64},[50,6800,5377],{"class":118},[50,6802,122],{"class":64},[50,6804,3049],{"class":125},[50,6806,4276],{"class":60},[50,6808,3016],{"class":101},[50,6810,3900],{"class":1622},[50,6812,3903],{"class":125},[50,6814,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6816,4287],{"class":125},[50,6818,1770],{"class":64},[20,6820,6821],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[219,6823,1857],{"id":1856},[811,6825,6827],{"id":6826},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6829,5170,6830,6832,6833,129],{},[15,6831,3632],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6834,3702],{},[811,6836,6838],{"id":6837},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6840,6841,35,6843,6845],{},[15,6842,5207],{},[15,6844,3702],{}," for an empty iterable.",[811,6847,6849],{"id":6848},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6851,6852,6854,6855,6857],{},[15,6853,5207],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6856,3606],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[811,6859,6861],{"id":6860},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6863,6864],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[41,6866,6867],{"className":43,"code":5968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6868,6869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6870,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6872,5377],{"class":118},[50,6874,122],{"class":64},[50,6876,5979],{"class":125},[50,6878,5982],{"class":1622},[50,6880,5985],{"class":125},[50,6882,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6884,5990],{"class":125},[50,6886,414],{"class":64},[20,6888,5495],{},[41,6890,6891],{"className":43,"code":6770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6892,6893,6913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6894,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909,6911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6896,3647],{"class":56},[50,6898,61],{"class":60},[50,6900,3652],{"class":64},[50,6902,3011],{"class":101},[50,6904,89],{"class":64},[50,6906,3016],{"class":101},[50,6908,89],{"class":64},[50,6910,2473],{"class":101},[50,6912,788],{"class":64},[50,6914,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6916,119],{"class":118},[50,6918,122],{"class":64},[50,6920,5377],{"class":118},[50,6922,122],{"class":64},[50,6924,3049],{"class":125},[50,6926,4276],{"class":60},[50,6928,3016],{"class":101},[50,6930,3900],{"class":1622},[50,6932,3903],{"class":125},[50,6934,1562],{"class":1622},[50,6936,4287],{"class":125},[50,6938,1770],{"class":64},[219,6940,1909],{"id":1908},[233,6942,6943,6949,6953,6957,6962],{},[236,6944,6945],{},[380,6946,6947,3536],{"href":5448},[15,6948,3606],{},[236,6950,6951],{},[380,6952,3832],{"href":5801},[236,6954,6955],{},[380,6956,5239],{"href":5610},[236,6958,6959],{},[380,6960,6961],{"href":6221},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[236,6963,6964],{},[380,6965,6966,3536],{"href":5804},[15,6967,3838],{},[1944,6969,6970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":6972},[6973,6974,6975,6976,6977,6978,6979,6980,6986,6992],{"id":5398,"depth":108,"text":5399},{"id":5453,"depth":108,"text":5454},{"id":3756,"depth":108,"text":3757},{"id":5810,"depth":108,"text":5811},{"id":5953,"depth":108,"text":5954},{"id":6225,"depth":108,"text":6226},{"id":6336,"depth":108,"text":6337},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":6981},[6982,6983,6984,6985],{"id":6548,"depth":115,"text":6549},{"id":6601,"depth":115,"text":6602},{"id":6659,"depth":115,"text":6660},{"id":6709,"depth":115,"text":6710},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":6987},[6988,6989,6990,6991],{"id":6826,"depth":115,"text":6827},{"id":6837,"depth":115,"text":6838},{"id":6848,"depth":115,"text":6849},{"id":6860,"depth":115,"text":6861},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5302,"description":6993},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6999,"title":7000,"body":7001,"description":9133,"extension":1981,"meta":9134,"navigation":111,"path":9135,"seo":9136,"stem":9137,"__hash__":9138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7002,"toc":9096},[7003,7006,7015,7025,7027,7124,7126,7155,7171,7175,7180,7183,7193,7199,7205,7220,7222,7230,7237,7241,7244,7259,7264,7282,7287,7289,7337,7339,7356,7360,7366,7369,7404,7406,7512,7514,7551,7555,7563,7565,7585,7587,7707,7709,7738,7741,7764,7766,7774,7782,7786,7792,7796,7839,7841,7849,7852,7880,7882,7890,7894,7923,7925,7933,7964,7966,7974,7978,8028,8030,8038,8046,8050,8053,8106,8108,8129,8136,8140,8146,8149,8157,8179,8181,8189,8197,8220,8222,8230,8235,8240,8252,8254,8295,8306,8310,8319,8322,8325,8384,8387,8439,8442,8448,8464,8470,8472,8477,8486,8489,8511,8513,8521,8526,8529,8564,8566,8574,8578,8583,8621,8633,8636,8691,8699,8703,8706,8728,8737,8740,8781,8783,8806,8812,8818,8833,8835,8855,8858,8877,8879,8898,8902,8908,8987,8990,9004,9011,9013,9017,9024,9028,9032,9036,9041,9045,9050,9054,9061,9063,9093],[10,7004,7000],{"id":7005},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7007,228,7008,7010,7011,2901,7013,129],{},[15,7009,3838],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7012,3632],{},[15,7014,3702],{},[20,7016,7017,7018,7020,7021,7024],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7019,3838],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7022,7023],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[219,7026,3637],{"id":3636},[41,7028,7030],{"className":43,"code":7029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7031,7032,7046,7060,7074,7092,7102],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7033,7034,7036,7038,7040,7042,7044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7035,119],{"class":118},[50,7037,122],{"class":64},[50,7039,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7041,122],{"class":64},[50,7043,1215],{"class":101},[50,7045,1770],{"class":64},[50,7047,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7049,119],{"class":118},[50,7051,122],{"class":64},[50,7053,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7055,122],{"class":64},[50,7057,3011],{"class":101},[50,7059,1770],{"class":64},[50,7061,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7063,119],{"class":118},[50,7065,122],{"class":64},[50,7067,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7069,122],{"class":64},[50,7071,6296],{"class":68},[50,7073,1770],{"class":64},[50,7075,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,7077,119],{"class":118},[50,7079,122],{"class":64},[50,7081,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7083,122],{"class":64},[50,7085,69],{"class":68},[50,7087,3870],{"class":72},[50,7089,69],{"class":68},[50,7091,1770],{"class":64},[50,7093,7094,7096,7098,7100],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,7095,119],{"class":118},[50,7097,122],{"class":64},[50,7099,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7101,4452],{"class":64},[50,7103,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120,7122],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,7105,119],{"class":118},[50,7107,122],{"class":64},[50,7109,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7111,3008],{"class":64},[50,7113,3011],{"class":101},[50,7115,89],{"class":64},[50,7117,3016],{"class":101},[50,7119,89],{"class":64},[50,7121,2473],{"class":101},[50,7123,3023],{"class":64},[20,7125,5583],{},[41,7127,7129],{"className":43,"code":7128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7130,7131,7135,7139,7143,7147,7151],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7132,7133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7134,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7136,7137],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7138,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7140,7141],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7142,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7144,7145],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,7146,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7148,7149],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,7150,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7152,7153],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,7154,4002],{"class":1494},[20,7156,212,7157,7160,7161,2901,7163,7165,7166,7168,7169,129],{},[15,7158,7159],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7162,3632],{},[15,7164,3702],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7167,3702],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7170,3632],{},[219,7172,7174],{"id":7173},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7176,7177,7179],{},[15,7178,3838],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7181,7182],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[233,7184,7185,7189],{},[236,7186,7187],{},[15,7188,3632],{},[236,7190,7191],{},[15,7192,3702],{},[20,7194,7195,7196,7198],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7197,7023],{}," statements.",[20,7200,7201,7202,7204],{},"You can also call ",[15,7203,3838],{}," with no argument:",[41,7206,7208],{"className":43,"code":7207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool())\n",[15,7209,7210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7211,7212,7214,7216,7218],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7213,119],{"class":118},[50,7215,122],{"class":64},[50,7217,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7219,1727],{"class":64},[20,7221,2091],{},[41,7223,7224],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7225,7226],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7227,7228],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7229,4063],{"class":1494},[20,7231,7232,7233,129],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[380,7234,7236],{"href":7235},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[219,7238,7240],{"id":7239},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7242,7243],{},"The basic syntax is:",[41,7245,7247],{"className":43,"code":7246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bool(value)\n",[15,7248,7249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7250,7251,7253,7255,7257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7252,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7254,122],{"class":64},[50,7256,2495],{"class":125},[50,7258,414],{"class":64},[20,7260,228,7261,7263],{},[15,7262,2495],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[233,7265,7266,7268,7270,7272,7274,7277,7279],{},[236,7267,3678],{},[236,7269,5332],{},[236,7271,5323],{},[236,7273,5326],{},[236,7275,7276],{},"dictionaries",[236,7278,5329],{},[236,7280,7281],{},"other objects",[20,7283,7284,7285,129],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7286,3702],{},[20,7288,253],{},[41,7290,7292],{"className":43,"code":7291,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7293,7294,7308,7327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7295,7296,7298,7300,7302,7304,7306],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7297,119],{"class":118},[50,7299,122],{"class":64},[50,7301,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7303,122],{"class":64},[50,7305,2352],{"class":101},[50,7307,1770],{"class":64},[50,7309,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7323,7325],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7311,119],{"class":118},[50,7313,122],{"class":64},[50,7315,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7317,122],{"class":64},[50,7319,69],{"class":68},[50,7321,7322],{"class":72},"Python",[50,7324,69],{"class":68},[50,7326,1770],{"class":64},[50,7328,7329,7331,7333,7335],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7330,119],{"class":118},[50,7332,122],{"class":64},[50,7334,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7336,1727],{"class":64},[20,7338,2091],{},[41,7340,7342],{"className":43,"code":7341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7343,7344,7348,7352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7345,7346],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7347,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7349,7350],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7351,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7353,7354],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7355,4063],{"class":1494},[219,7357,7359],{"id":7358},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7361,7362,7363,7365],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[997,7364,5620],{}," values.",[20,7367,7368],{},"Common examples:",[233,7370,7371,7375,7379,7383,7387,7392,7396,7400],{},[236,7372,7373],{},[15,7374,1215],{},[236,7376,7377],{},[15,7378,3796],{},[236,7380,7381],{},[15,7382,6296],{},[236,7384,7385],{},[15,7386,1234],{},[236,7388,7389],{},[15,7390,7391],{},"()",[236,7393,7394],{},[15,7395,1240],{},[236,7397,7398],{},[15,7399,3822],{},[236,7401,7402],{},[15,7403,38],{},[20,7405,253],{},[41,7407,7409],{"className":43,"code":7408,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7410,7411,7425,7439,7453,7463,7473,7484,7498],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7412,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421,7423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7414,119],{"class":118},[50,7416,122],{"class":64},[50,7418,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7420,122],{"class":64},[50,7422,1215],{"class":101},[50,7424,1770],{"class":64},[50,7426,7427,7429,7431,7433,7435,7437],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7428,119],{"class":118},[50,7430,122],{"class":64},[50,7432,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7434,122],{"class":64},[50,7436,3796],{"class":101},[50,7438,1770],{"class":64},[50,7440,7441,7443,7445,7447,7449,7451],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7442,119],{"class":118},[50,7444,122],{"class":64},[50,7446,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7448,122],{"class":64},[50,7450,6296],{"class":68},[50,7452,1770],{"class":64},[50,7454,7455,7457,7459,7461],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,7456,119],{"class":118},[50,7458,122],{"class":64},[50,7460,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7462,4452],{"class":64},[50,7464,7465,7467,7469,7471],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,7466,119],{"class":118},[50,7468,122],{"class":64},[50,7470,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7472,4510],{"class":64},[50,7474,7475,7477,7479,7481],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,7476,119],{"class":118},[50,7478,122],{"class":64},[50,7480,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7482,7483],{"class":64},"({}))\n",[50,7485,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,7487,119],{"class":118},[50,7489,122],{"class":64},[50,7491,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7493,122],{"class":64},[50,7495,6311],{"class":1779},[50,7497,6314],{"class":64},[50,7499,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508,7510],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,7501,119],{"class":118},[50,7503,122],{"class":64},[50,7505,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7507,122],{"class":64},[50,7509,38],{"class":1494},[50,7511,1770],{"class":64},[20,7513,2091],{},[41,7515,7517],{"className":43,"code":7516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7518,7519,7523,7527,7531,7535,7539,7543,7547],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7520,7521],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7522,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7524,7525],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7526,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7528,7529],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7530,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7532,7533],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,7534,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7536,7537],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,7538,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7540,7541],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,7542,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7544,7545],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,7546,4063],{"class":1494},[50,7548,7549],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,7550,4063],{"class":1494},[219,7552,7554],{"id":7553},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7556,7557,7558,7560,7561,7365],{},"Many values become ",[15,7559,3632],{},". These are often called ",[997,7562,5617],{},[20,7564,7368],{},[233,7566,7567,7570,7573,7576,7579,7582],{},[236,7568,7569],{},"non-zero numbers",[236,7571,7572],{},"non-empty strings",[236,7574,7575],{},"non-empty lists",[236,7577,7578],{},"non-empty tuples",[236,7580,7581],{},"non-empty sets",[236,7583,7584],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7586,253],{},[41,7588,7590],{"className":43,"code":7589,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7591,7592,7606,7622,7640,7662,7680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7593,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602,7604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7595,119],{"class":118},[50,7597,122],{"class":64},[50,7599,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7601,122],{"class":64},[50,7603,2157],{"class":101},[50,7605,1770],{"class":64},[50,7607,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7609,119],{"class":118},[50,7611,122],{"class":64},[50,7613,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7615,122],{"class":64},[50,7617,2041],{"class":60},[50,7619,2076],{"class":101},[50,7621,1770],{"class":64},[50,7623,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634,7636,7638],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7625,119],{"class":118},[50,7627,122],{"class":64},[50,7629,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7631,122],{"class":64},[50,7633,69],{"class":68},[50,7635,3870],{"class":72},[50,7637,69],{"class":68},[50,7639,1770],{"class":64},[50,7641,7642,7644,7646,7648,7650,7652,7654,7656,7658,7660],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,7643,119],{"class":118},[50,7645,122],{"class":64},[50,7647,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7649,3008],{"class":64},[50,7651,3011],{"class":101},[50,7653,89],{"class":64},[50,7655,3016],{"class":101},[50,7657,89],{"class":64},[50,7659,2473],{"class":101},[50,7661,3023],{"class":64},[50,7663,7664,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,7665,119],{"class":118},[50,7667,122],{"class":64},[50,7669,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7671,5534],{"class":64},[50,7673,3011],{"class":101},[50,7675,89],{"class":64},[50,7677,3016],{"class":101},[50,7679,1799],{"class":64},[50,7681,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700,7703,7705],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,7683,119],{"class":118},[50,7685,122],{"class":64},[50,7687,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7689,5553],{"class":64},[50,7691,69],{"class":68},[50,7693,73],{"class":72},[50,7695,69],{"class":68},[50,7697,78],{"class":64},[50,7699,81],{"class":68},[50,7701,7702],{"class":72},"Sam",[50,7704,69],{"class":68},[50,7706,5562],{"class":64},[20,7708,2091],{},[41,7710,7712],{"className":43,"code":7711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7713,7714,7718,7722,7726,7730,7734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7715,7716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7717,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7719,7720],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7721,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7723,7724],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7725,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7727,7728],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,7729,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7731,7732],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,7733,4002],{"class":1494},[50,7735,7736],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,7737,4002],{"class":1494},[20,7739,7740],{},"One important example is this:",[41,7742,7744],{"className":43,"code":7743,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7745,7746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7747,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7749,119],{"class":118},[50,7751,122],{"class":64},[50,7753,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7755,122],{"class":64},[50,7757,69],{"class":68},[50,7759,3702],{"class":72},[50,7761,69],{"class":68},[50,7763,1770],{"class":64},[20,7765,2091],{},[41,7767,7768],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7769,7770],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7771,7772],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7773,4002],{"class":1494},[20,7775,7776,7777,7779,7780,129],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7778,6705],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7781,3632],{},[219,7783,7785],{"id":7784},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7787,7788,7789,7791],{},"You can use ",[15,7790,3838],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[811,7793,7795],{"id":7794},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[41,7797,7799],{"className":43,"code":7798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7800,7801,7824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7802,7803,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7817,7819,7822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7804,7805],{"class":56},"items ",[50,7807,61],{"class":60},[50,7809,3652],{"class":64},[50,7811,2352],{"class":101},[50,7813,89],{"class":64},[50,7815,7816],{"class":101}," 20",[50,7818,89],{"class":64},[50,7820,7821],{"class":101}," 30",[50,7823,788],{"class":64},[50,7825,7826,7828,7830,7832,7834,7837],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7827,119],{"class":118},[50,7829,122],{"class":64},[50,7831,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7833,122],{"class":64},[50,7835,7836],{"class":125},"items",[50,7838,1770],{"class":64},[20,7840,2091],{},[41,7842,7843],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7844,7845],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7846,7847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7848,4002],{"class":1494},[20,7850,7851],{},"With an empty list:",[41,7853,7855],{"className":43,"code":7854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7856,7857,7866],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7858,7859,7861,7863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7860,7805],{"class":56},[50,7862,61],{"class":60},[50,7864,7865],{"class":64}," []\n",[50,7867,7868,7870,7872,7874,7876,7878],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7869,119],{"class":118},[50,7871,122],{"class":64},[50,7873,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7875,122],{"class":64},[50,7877,7836],{"class":125},[50,7879,1770],{"class":64},[20,7881,2091],{},[41,7883,7884],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7885,7886],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7887,7888],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7889,4063],{"class":1494},[811,7891,7893],{"id":7892},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[41,7895,7897],{"className":43,"code":7896,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7898,7899,7909],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7900,7901,7904,7906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7902,7903],{"class":56},"name ",[50,7905,61],{"class":60},[50,7907,7908],{"class":68}," \"\"\n",[50,7910,7911,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7912,119],{"class":118},[50,7914,122],{"class":64},[50,7916,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7918,122],{"class":64},[50,7920,73],{"class":125},[50,7922,1770],{"class":64},[20,7924,2091],{},[41,7926,7927],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7928,7929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7930,7931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7932,4063],{"class":1494},[41,7934,7936],{"className":43,"code":7935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7937,7938,7950],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7939,7940,7942,7944,7946,7948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7941,7903],{"class":56},[50,7943,61],{"class":60},[50,7945,81],{"class":68},[50,7947,1051],{"class":72},[50,7949,3384],{"class":68},[50,7951,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960,7962],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7953,119],{"class":118},[50,7955,122],{"class":64},[50,7957,3891],{"class":1779},[50,7959,122],{"class":64},[50,7961,73],{"class":125},[50,7963,1770],{"class":64},[20,7965,2091],{},[41,7967,7968],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7969,7970],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7971,7972],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7973,4002],{"class":1494},[811,7975,7977],{"id":7976},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[41,7979,7981],{"className":43,"code":7980,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7982,7983,7997,8013,8017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7984,7985,7988,7990,7992,7995],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7986,7987],{"class":56},"username ",[50,7989,61],{"class":60},[50,7991,81],{"class":68},[50,7993,7994],{"class":72},"alex",[50,7996,3384],{"class":68},[50,7998,7999,8002,8004,8007,8009,8011],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8000,8001],{"class":56},"has_name ",[50,8003,61],{"class":60},[50,8005,8006],{"class":1779}," bool",[50,8008,122],{"class":64},[50,8010,627],{"class":125},[50,8012,414],{"class":64},[50,8014,8015],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8016,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8018,8019,8021,8023,8026],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,8020,119],{"class":118},[50,8022,122],{"class":64},[50,8024,8025],{"class":125},"has_name",[50,8027,414],{"class":64},[20,8029,2091],{},[41,8031,8032],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8033,8034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8035,8036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8037,4002],{"class":1494},[20,8039,8040,8041,2901,8043,8045],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8042,3632],{},[15,8044,3702],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[811,8047,8049],{"id":8048},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8051,8052],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[41,8054,8056],{"className":43,"code":8055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8057,8058,8078,8082,8090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8059,8060,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072,8074,8076],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8061,3647],{"class":56},[50,8063,61],{"class":60},[50,8065,3652],{"class":64},[50,8067,3011],{"class":101},[50,8069,89],{"class":64},[50,8071,3016],{"class":101},[50,8073,89],{"class":64},[50,8075,2473],{"class":101},[50,8077,788],{"class":64},[50,8079,8080],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8081,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8083,8084,8086,8088],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8085,7023],{"class":1622},[50,8087,4287],{"class":56},[50,8089,6417],{"class":64},[50,8091,8092,8095,8097,8099,8102,8104],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,8093,8094],{"class":118},"    print",[50,8096,122],{"class":64},[50,8098,69],{"class":68},[50,8100,8101],{"class":72},"The list is not empty",[50,8103,69],{"class":68},[50,8105,414],{"class":64},[20,8107,2091],{},[41,8109,8111],{"className":43,"code":8110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8112,8113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8114,8115,8117,8120,8123,8126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8116,228],{"class":56},[50,8118,8119],{"class":1779},"list",[50,8121,8122],{"class":60}," is",[50,8124,8125],{"class":60}," not",[50,8127,8128],{"class":56}," empty\n",[20,8130,8131,8132,129],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[380,8133,8135],{"href":8134},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[219,8137,8139],{"id":8138},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8141,8142,8143,8145],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8144,3838],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8147,8148],{},"It does not do that.",[811,8150,8152,35,8155],{"id":8151},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8153,8154],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8156,3632],{},[41,8158,8159],{"className":43,"code":7743,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8160,8161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8162,8163,8165,8167,8169,8171,8173,8175,8177],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8164,119],{"class":118},[50,8166,122],{"class":64},[50,8168,3891],{"class":1779},[50,8170,122],{"class":64},[50,8172,69],{"class":68},[50,8174,3702],{"class":72},[50,8176,69],{"class":68},[50,8178,1770],{"class":64},[20,8180,2091],{},[41,8182,8183],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8184,8185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8186,8187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8188,4002],{"class":1494},[811,8190,8192,35,8195],{"id":8191},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8193,8194],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8196,3632],{},[41,8198,8200],{"className":43,"code":8199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8201,8202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8203,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212,8214,8216,8218],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8205,119],{"class":118},[50,8207,122],{"class":64},[50,8209,3891],{"class":1779},[50,8211,122],{"class":64},[50,8213,69],{"class":68},[50,8215,1215],{"class":72},[50,8217,69],{"class":68},[50,8219,1770],{"class":64},[20,8221,2091],{},[41,8223,8224],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8225,8226],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8227,8228],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8229,4002],{"class":1494},[20,8231,8232,8233,129],{},"This happens because both values are ",[997,8234,7572],{},[20,8236,8237,8239],{},[15,8238,3838],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8241,8242,8243,8248,8249,8251],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[380,8244,8246],{"href":8245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8247,2980],{},", because ",[15,8250,2980],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8253,253],{},[41,8255,8257],{"className":43,"code":8256,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8258,8259,8280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8260,8261,8264,8266,8269,8271,8273,8276,8278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8262,8263],{"class":56},"user_value ",[50,8265,61],{"class":60},[50,8267,8268],{"class":118}," input",[50,8270,122],{"class":64},[50,8272,69],{"class":68},[50,8274,8275],{"class":72},"Enter True or False: ",[50,8277,69],{"class":68},[50,8279,414],{"class":64},[50,8281,8282,8284,8286,8288,8290,8293],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8283,119],{"class":118},[50,8285,122],{"class":64},[50,8287,3891],{"class":1779},[50,8289,122],{"class":64},[50,8291,8292],{"class":125},"user_value",[50,8294,1770],{"class":64},[20,8296,8297,8298,8300,8301,8248,8303,8305],{},"If the user types ",[15,8299,3702],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8302,3632],{},[15,8304,6705],{}," is not empty.",[219,8307,8309],{"id":8308},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8311,8312,8313,8315,8316,8318],{},"In many ",[15,8314,7023],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8317,3838],{}," yourself.",[20,8320,8321],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8323,8324],{},"Instead of this:",[41,8326,8328],{"className":43,"code":8327,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8329,8330,8351,8355,8369],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8331,8332,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8333,8334],{"class":56},"my_list ",[50,8336,61],{"class":60},[50,8338,3652],{"class":64},[50,8340,3011],{"class":101},[50,8342,89],{"class":64},[50,8344,3016],{"class":101},[50,8346,89],{"class":64},[50,8348,2473],{"class":101},[50,8350,788],{"class":64},[50,8352,8353],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8354,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8356,8357,8359,8361,8363,8366],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8358,7023],{"class":1622},[50,8360,8006],{"class":1779},[50,8362,122],{"class":64},[50,8364,8365],{"class":125},"my_list",[50,8367,8368],{"class":64},"):\n",[50,8370,8371,8373,8375,8377,8380,8382],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,8372,8094],{"class":118},[50,8374,122],{"class":64},[50,8376,69],{"class":68},[50,8378,8379],{"class":72},"List has items",[50,8381,69],{"class":68},[50,8383,414],{"class":64},[20,8385,8386],{},"You can simply write:",[41,8388,8390],{"className":43,"code":8389,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8391,8392,8412,8416,8425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8393,8394,8396,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406,8408,8410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8395,8334],{"class":56},[50,8397,61],{"class":60},[50,8399,3652],{"class":64},[50,8401,3011],{"class":101},[50,8403,89],{"class":64},[50,8405,3016],{"class":101},[50,8407,89],{"class":64},[50,8409,2473],{"class":101},[50,8411,788],{"class":64},[50,8413,8414],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8415,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8417,8418,8420,8423],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8419,7023],{"class":1622},[50,8421,8422],{"class":56}," my_list",[50,8424,6417],{"class":64},[50,8426,8427,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,8428,8094],{"class":118},[50,8430,122],{"class":64},[50,8432,69],{"class":68},[50,8434,8379],{"class":72},[50,8436,69],{"class":68},[50,8438,414],{"class":64},[20,8440,8441],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8443,8444,8445,8447],{},"Using ",[15,8446,3838],{}," is still helpful when:",[233,8449,8450,8453,8461],{},[236,8451,8452],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[236,8454,8455,8456,2901,8458,8460],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8457,3632],{},[15,8459,3702],{}," value",[236,8462,8463],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8465,8466,8467,129],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[380,8468,8469],{"href":2320},"Python type() function explained",[219,8471,1663],{"id":1662},[20,8473,8474,8475,129],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8476,3838],{},[811,8478,8480,8481,8483,8484],{"id":8479},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8482,8154],{}," to return ",[15,8485,3702],{},[20,8487,8488],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[41,8490,8491],{"className":43,"code":7743,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8492,8493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8494,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507,8509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8496,119],{"class":118},[50,8498,122],{"class":64},[50,8500,3891],{"class":1779},[50,8502,122],{"class":64},[50,8504,69],{"class":68},[50,8506,3702],{"class":72},[50,8508,69],{"class":68},[50,8510,1770],{"class":64},[20,8512,2091],{},[41,8514,8515],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8516,8517],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8518,8519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8520,4002],{"class":1494},[20,8522,8523,8524,6706],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8525,6705],{},[20,8527,8528],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[41,8530,8532],{"className":43,"code":8531,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8533,8534,8546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8535,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8537,2468],{"class":56},[50,8539,61],{"class":60},[50,8541,81],{"class":68},[50,8543,3702],{"class":72},[50,8545,3384],{"class":68},[50,8547,8548,8550,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8549,119],{"class":118},[50,8551,122],{"class":64},[50,8553,2468],{"class":125},[50,8555,4712],{"class":60},[50,8557,81],{"class":68},[50,8559,3632],{"class":72},[50,8561,69],{"class":68},[50,8563,414],{"class":64},[20,8565,2091],{},[41,8567,8568],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8569,8570],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8571,8572],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8573,4063],{"class":1494},[811,8575,8577],{"id":8576},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8579,8580,8582],{},[15,8581,2980],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[41,8584,8586],{"className":43,"code":8585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8587,8588,8607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8589,8590,8592,8594,8596,8598,8600,8603,8605],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8591,2468],{"class":56},[50,8593,61],{"class":60},[50,8595,8268],{"class":118},[50,8597,122],{"class":64},[50,8599,69],{"class":68},[50,8601,8602],{"class":72},"Enter yes or no: ",[50,8604,69],{"class":68},[50,8606,414],{"class":64},[50,8608,8609,8611,8613,8615,8617,8619],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8610,119],{"class":118},[50,8612,122],{"class":64},[50,8614,3891],{"class":1779},[50,8616,122],{"class":64},[50,8618,2495],{"class":125},[50,8620,1770],{"class":64},[20,8622,8297,8623,8626,8627,8629,8630,8305],{},[15,8624,8625],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8628,3632],{}," because ",[15,8631,8632],{},"\"no\"",[20,8634,8635],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[41,8637,8639],{"className":43,"code":8638,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8640,8641,8672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8642,8643,8645,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655,8657,8660,8663,8666,8669],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8644,2468],{"class":56},[50,8646,61],{"class":60},[50,8648,8268],{"class":118},[50,8650,122],{"class":64},[50,8652,69],{"class":68},[50,8654,8602],{"class":72},[50,8656,69],{"class":68},[50,8658,8659],{"class":64},").",[50,8661,8662],{"class":125},"strip",[50,8664,8665],{"class":64},"().",[50,8667,8668],{"class":125},"lower",[50,8670,8671],{"class":64},"()\n",[50,8673,8674,8676,8678,8680,8682,8684,8687,8689],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8675,119],{"class":118},[50,8677,122],{"class":64},[50,8679,2468],{"class":125},[50,8681,4712],{"class":60},[50,8683,81],{"class":68},[50,8685,8686],{"class":72},"yes",[50,8688,69],{"class":68},[50,8690,414],{"class":64},[20,8692,8693,8694,8696,8697,129],{},"This gives ",[15,8695,3632],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8698,8686],{},[811,8700,8702],{"id":8701},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8704,8705],{},"These are different:",[233,8707,8708,8712,8716,8720,8724],{},[236,8709,8710],{},[15,8711,3702],{},[236,8713,8714],{},[15,8715,1215],{},[236,8717,8718],{},[15,8719,6296],{},[236,8721,8722],{},[15,8723,1234],{},[236,8725,8726],{},[15,8727,38],{},[20,8729,8730,8731,8733,8734,8736],{},"They all become ",[15,8732,3702],{}," with ",[15,8735,3838],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8738,8739],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[41,8741,8743],{"className":43,"code":8742,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8744,8745,8753,8767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8746,8747,8749,8751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8748,2468],{"class":56},[50,8750,61],{"class":60},[50,8752,7865],{"class":64},[50,8754,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763,8765],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8756,119],{"class":118},[50,8758,122],{"class":64},[50,8760,1780],{"class":1779},[50,8762,122],{"class":64},[50,8764,2495],{"class":125},[50,8766,1770],{"class":64},[50,8768,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8770,119],{"class":118},[50,8772,122],{"class":64},[50,8774,3891],{"class":1779},[50,8776,122],{"class":64},[50,8778,2495],{"class":125},[50,8780,1770],{"class":64},[20,8782,2091],{},[41,8784,8786],{"className":43,"code":8785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8787,8788,8802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8789,8790,8792,8794,8796,8798,8800],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8791,3315],{"class":60},[50,8793,3318],{"class":2085},[50,8795,3321],{"class":68},[50,8797,8119],{"class":72},[50,8799,1736],{"class":68},[50,8801,3328],{"class":60},[50,8803,8804],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8805,4063],{"class":1494},[811,8807,8444,8809,8811],{"id":8808},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8810,1240],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8813,8814,8815,8817],{},"In Python, ",[15,8816,1240],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[41,8819,8821],{"className":43,"code":8820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8822,8823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8824,8825,8827,8829,8831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8826,119],{"class":118},[50,8828,122],{"class":64},[50,8830,1780],{"class":1779},[50,8832,7483],{"class":64},[20,8834,2091],{},[41,8836,8838],{"className":43,"code":8837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8839,8840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8841,8842,8844,8846,8848,8851,8853],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8843,3315],{"class":60},[50,8845,3318],{"class":2085},[50,8847,3321],{"class":68},[50,8849,8850],{"class":72},"dict",[50,8852,1736],{"class":68},[50,8854,3328],{"class":60},[20,8856,8857],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[41,8859,8861],{"className":43,"code":8860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8862,8863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8864,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8866,119],{"class":118},[50,8868,122],{"class":64},[50,8870,1780],{"class":1779},[50,8872,122],{"class":64},[50,8874,6311],{"class":1779},[50,8876,6314],{"class":64},[20,8878,2091],{},[41,8880,8882],{"className":43,"code":8881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8883,8884],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8885,8886,8888,8890,8892,8894,8896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8887,3315],{"class":60},[50,8889,3318],{"class":2085},[50,8891,3321],{"class":68},[50,8893,6311],{"class":72},[50,8895,1736],{"class":68},[50,8897,3328],{"class":60},[219,8899,8901],{"id":8900},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8903,8904,8905,8907],{},"If ",[15,8906,3838],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[41,8909,8911],{"className":43,"code":8910,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8912,8913,8927,8941,8951,8969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8914,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8916,119],{"class":118},[50,8918,122],{"class":64},[50,8920,3891],{"class":1779},[50,8922,122],{"class":64},[50,8924,2495],{"class":125},[50,8926,1770],{"class":64},[50,8928,8929,8931,8933,8935,8937,8939],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8930,119],{"class":118},[50,8932,122],{"class":64},[50,8934,1780],{"class":1779},[50,8936,122],{"class":64},[50,8938,2495],{"class":125},[50,8940,1770],{"class":64},[50,8942,8943,8945,8947,8949],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8944,119],{"class":118},[50,8946,122],{"class":64},[50,8948,2495],{"class":125},[50,8950,414],{"class":64},[50,8952,8953,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,8954,119],{"class":118},[50,8956,122],{"class":64},[50,8958,2468],{"class":125},[50,8960,4712],{"class":60},[50,8962,81],{"class":68},[50,8964,3632],{"class":72},[50,8966,69],{"class":68},[50,8968,414],{"class":64},[50,8970,8971,8973,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,8972,119],{"class":118},[50,8974,122],{"class":64},[50,8976,2495],{"class":125},[50,8978,129],{"class":64},[50,8980,8662],{"class":125},[50,8982,8665],{"class":64},[50,8984,8668],{"class":125},[50,8986,1727],{"class":64},[20,8988,8989],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[233,8991,8992,8995,8998,9001],{},[236,8993,8994],{},"what the value really is",[236,8996,8997],{},"whether it is a string",[236,8999,9000],{},"whether it contains spaces",[236,9002,9003],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9005,9006,9007,129],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[380,9008,9010],{"href":9009},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[219,9012,1857],{"id":1856},[811,9014,9016],{"id":9015},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9018,9019,9020,2901,9022,129],{},"It returns either ",[15,9021,3632],{},[15,9023,3702],{},[811,9025,9027],{"id":9026},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9029,5170,9030,129],{},[15,9031,3702],{},[811,9033,9035],{"id":9034},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9037,9038,9039,129],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9040,3632],{},[811,9042,9044],{"id":9043},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9046,9047,9048,129],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9049,3702],{},[811,9051,9053],{"id":9052},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9055,9056,9057,2901,9059,3765],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9058,3632],{},[15,9060,3702],{},[219,9062,1909],{"id":1908},[233,9064,9065,9070,9074,9079,9083,9088],{},[236,9066,9067],{},[380,9068,9069],{"href":5801},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[236,9071,9072],{},[380,9073,8135],{"href":8134},[236,9075,9076],{},[380,9077,9078],{"href":8245},"Python input() function explained",[236,9080,9081],{},[380,9082,8469],{"href":2320},[236,9084,9085],{},[380,9086,9087],{"href":9009},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[236,9089,9090],{},[380,9091,9092],{"href":7235},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1944,9094,9095],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":9097},[9098,9099,9100,9101,9102,9103,9109,9115,9116,9124,9125,9132],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":7173,"depth":108,"text":7174},{"id":7239,"depth":108,"text":7240},{"id":7358,"depth":108,"text":7359},{"id":7553,"depth":108,"text":7554},{"id":7784,"depth":108,"text":7785,"children":9104},[9105,9106,9107,9108],{"id":7794,"depth":115,"text":7795},{"id":7892,"depth":115,"text":7893},{"id":7976,"depth":115,"text":7977},{"id":8048,"depth":115,"text":8049},{"id":8138,"depth":108,"text":8139,"children":9110},[9111,9113],{"id":8151,"depth":115,"text":9112},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8191,"depth":115,"text":9114},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8308,"depth":108,"text":8309},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":9117},[9118,9120,9121,9122],{"id":8479,"depth":115,"text":9119},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8576,"depth":115,"text":8577},{"id":8701,"depth":115,"text":8702},{"id":8808,"depth":115,"text":9123},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8900,"depth":108,"text":8901},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":9126},[9127,9128,9129,9130,9131],{"id":9015,"depth":115,"text":9016},{"id":9026,"depth":115,"text":9027},{"id":9034,"depth":115,"text":9035},{"id":9043,"depth":115,"text":9044},{"id":9052,"depth":115,"text":9053},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7000,"description":9133},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9140,"title":9141,"body":9142,"description":11323,"extension":1981,"meta":11324,"navigation":111,"path":11325,"seo":11326,"stem":11327,"__hash__":11328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9143,"toc":11285},[9144,9150,9156,9163,9168,9179,9184,9291,9295,9361,9366,9371,9376,9379,9390,9395,9398,9409,9416,9418,9423,9427,9452,9456,9465,9469,9532,9536,9569,9573,9618,9622,9659,9663,9666,9722,9726,9772,9775,9780,9819,9823,9846,9849,9863,9876,9880,9885,9952,9956,9992,9995,10003,10006,10070,10074,10106,10112,10114,10174,10181,10184,10262,10266,10299,10303,10306,10350,10354,10390,10393,10410,10413,10416,10468,10471,10482,10489,10498,10501,10558,10562,10603,10611,10619,10624,10632,10644,10649,10660,10733,10736,10748,10761,10765,10770,10774,10776,10819,10825,10828,10891,10895,10898,10907,10912,10949,10953,10956,10964,10967,11006,11010,11013,11064,11068,11089,11095,11097,11103,11130,11133,11188,11191,11202,11204,11211,11219,11225,11230,11237,11240,11247,11254,11256,11282],[10,9145,3603,9147,3607],{"id":9146},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9148,9149],{},"dict()",[20,9151,9152,9153,9155],{},"The built-in ",[15,9154,9149],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9157,9158,9159,9162],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[997,9160,9161],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9164,9165,9167],{},[15,9166,9149],{}," is commonly used to:",[233,9169,9170,9173,9176],{},[236,9171,9172],{},"create an empty dictionary",[236,9174,9175],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[236,9177,9178],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9180,9181,9182,129],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[380,9183,383],{"href":382},[41,9185,9187],{"className":43,"code":9186,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9188,9189,9223,9233,9237,9276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9190,9191,9193,9195,9198,9200,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9216,9218,9221],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9192,829],{"class":56},[50,9194,61],{"class":60},[50,9196,9197],{"class":1779}," dict",[50,9199,122],{"class":64},[50,9201,73],{"class":9202},"s99_P",[50,9204,61],{"class":60},[50,9206,1736],{"class":68},[50,9208,5027],{"class":72},[50,9210,1736],{"class":68},[50,9212,89],{"class":64},[50,9214,9215],{"class":9202}," age",[50,9217,61],{"class":60},[50,9219,9220],{"class":101},"25",[50,9222,414],{"class":64},[50,9224,9225,9227,9229,9231],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9226,119],{"class":118},[50,9228,122],{"class":64},[50,9230,776],{"class":125},[50,9232,414],{"class":64},[50,9234,9235],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,9236,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,9238,9239,9242,9244,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9260,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,9240,9241],{"class":56},"pairs ",[50,9243,61],{"class":60},[50,9245,9246],{"class":64}," [(",[50,9248,1736],{"class":68},[50,9250,380],{"class":72},[50,9252,1736],{"class":68},[50,9254,89],{"class":64},[50,9256,5521],{"class":101},[50,9258,9259],{"class":64},"),",[50,9261,9262],{"class":64}," (",[50,9264,1736],{"class":68},[50,9266,4784],{"class":72},[50,9268,1736],{"class":68},[50,9270,89],{"class":64},[50,9272,3016],{"class":101},[50,9274,9275],{"class":64},")]\n",[50,9277,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9289],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,9279,119],{"class":118},[50,9281,122],{"class":64},[50,9283,8850],{"class":1779},[50,9285,122],{"class":64},[50,9287,9288],{"class":125},"pairs",[50,9290,1770],{"class":64},[20,9292,9293],{},[997,9294,2091],{},[41,9296,9298],{"className":43,"code":9297,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9299,9300,9333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9301,9302,9305,9307,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9303,9304],{"class":64},"{",[50,9306,1736],{"class":68},[50,9308,73],{"class":72},[50,9310,1736],{"class":68},[50,9312,78],{"class":64},[50,9314,3321],{"class":68},[50,9316,5027],{"class":72},[50,9318,1736],{"class":68},[50,9320,89],{"class":64},[50,9322,3321],{"class":68},[50,9324,94],{"class":72},[50,9326,1736],{"class":68},[50,9328,78],{"class":64},[50,9330,102],{"class":101},[50,9332,105],{"class":64},[50,9334,9335,9337,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9336,9304],{"class":64},[50,9338,1736],{"class":68},[50,9340,380],{"class":72},[50,9342,1736],{"class":68},[50,9344,78],{"class":64},[50,9346,5521],{"class":101},[50,9348,89],{"class":64},[50,9350,3321],{"class":68},[50,9352,4784],{"class":72},[50,9354,1736],{"class":68},[50,9356,78],{"class":64},[50,9358,3016],{"class":101},[50,9360,105],{"class":64},[20,9362,212,9363,9365],{},[15,9364,9149],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[219,9367,222,9369,225],{"id":9368},"what-dict-does",[15,9370,9149],{},[20,9372,9373,9375],{},[15,9374,9149],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9377,9378],{},"A dictionary:",[233,9380,9381,9384,9387],{},[236,9382,9383],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[236,9385,9386],{},"lets you look up values by key",[236,9388,9389],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9391,9392,9394],{},[15,9393,9149],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9396,9397],{},"Common uses include:",[233,9399,9400,9403,9406],{},[236,9401,9402],{},"making an empty dictionary",[236,9404,9405],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[236,9407,9408],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9410,9411,9412,129],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[380,9413,9415],{"href":9414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[219,9417,387],{"id":386},[20,9419,9420,9422],{},[15,9421,9149],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[811,9424,9426],{"id":9425},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[41,9428,9430],{"className":43,"code":9429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9431,9432,9442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9433,9434,9436,9438,9440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9435,829],{"class":56},[50,9437,61],{"class":60},[50,9439,9197],{"class":1779},[50,9441,8671],{"class":64},[50,9443,9444,9446,9448,9450],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9445,119],{"class":118},[50,9447,122],{"class":64},[50,9449,776],{"class":125},[50,9451,414],{"class":64},[20,9453,9454],{},[997,9455,2091],{},[41,9457,9459],{"className":43,"code":9458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{}\n",[15,9460,9461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9462,9463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9464,9458],{"class":64},[811,9466,9468],{"id":9467},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[41,9470,9472],{"className":43,"code":9471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9473,9474,9508,9522],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9475,9476,9478,9480,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9477,9241],{"class":56},[50,9479,61],{"class":60},[50,9481,9246],{"class":64},[50,9483,1736],{"class":68},[50,9485,380],{"class":72},[50,9487,1736],{"class":68},[50,9489,89],{"class":64},[50,9491,5521],{"class":101},[50,9493,9259],{"class":64},[50,9495,9262],{"class":64},[50,9497,1736],{"class":68},[50,9499,4784],{"class":72},[50,9501,1736],{"class":68},[50,9503,89],{"class":64},[50,9505,3016],{"class":101},[50,9507,9275],{"class":64},[50,9509,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9511,829],{"class":56},[50,9513,61],{"class":60},[50,9515,9197],{"class":1779},[50,9517,122],{"class":64},[50,9519,9288],{"class":125},[50,9521,414],{"class":64},[50,9523,9524,9526,9528,9530],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,9525,119],{"class":118},[50,9527,122],{"class":64},[50,9529,776],{"class":125},[50,9531,414],{"class":64},[20,9533,9534],{},[997,9535,2091],{},[41,9537,9539],{"className":43,"code":9538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9540,9541],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9542,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9544,9304],{"class":64},[50,9546,1736],{"class":68},[50,9548,380],{"class":72},[50,9550,1736],{"class":68},[50,9552,78],{"class":64},[50,9554,5521],{"class":101},[50,9556,89],{"class":64},[50,9558,3321],{"class":68},[50,9560,4784],{"class":72},[50,9562,1736],{"class":68},[50,9564,78],{"class":64},[50,9566,3016],{"class":101},[50,9568,105],{"class":64},[811,9570,9572],{"id":9571},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[41,9574,9576],{"className":43,"code":9575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9577,9578,9608],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9579,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9581,829],{"class":56},[50,9583,61],{"class":60},[50,9585,9197],{"class":1779},[50,9587,122],{"class":64},[50,9589,73],{"class":9202},[50,9591,61],{"class":60},[50,9593,1736],{"class":68},[50,9595,5027],{"class":72},[50,9597,1736],{"class":68},[50,9599,89],{"class":64},[50,9601,9215],{"class":9202},[50,9603,61],{"class":60},[50,9605,9220],{"class":101},[50,9607,414],{"class":64},[50,9609,9610,9612,9614,9616],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9611,119],{"class":118},[50,9613,122],{"class":64},[50,9615,776],{"class":125},[50,9617,414],{"class":64},[20,9619,9620],{},[997,9621,2091],{},[41,9623,9625],{"className":43,"code":9624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9626,9627],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9628,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9630,9304],{"class":64},[50,9632,1736],{"class":68},[50,9634,73],{"class":72},[50,9636,1736],{"class":68},[50,9638,78],{"class":64},[50,9640,3321],{"class":68},[50,9642,5027],{"class":72},[50,9644,1736],{"class":68},[50,9646,89],{"class":64},[50,9648,3321],{"class":68},[50,9650,94],{"class":72},[50,9652,1736],{"class":68},[50,9654,78],{"class":64},[50,9656,102],{"class":101},[50,9658,105],{"class":64},[811,9660,9662],{"id":9661},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9664,9665],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[41,9667,9669],{"className":43,"code":9668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9670,9671,9712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9672,9673,9675,9677,9679,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9706,9708,9710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9674,829],{"class":56},[50,9676,61],{"class":60},[50,9678,9197],{"class":1779},[50,9680,9681],{"class":64},"([(",[50,9683,1736],{"class":68},[50,9685,380],{"class":72},[50,9687,1736],{"class":68},[50,9689,89],{"class":64},[50,9691,5521],{"class":101},[50,9693,9694],{"class":64},")],",[50,9696,2582],{"class":9202},[50,9698,61],{"class":60},[50,9700,2076],{"class":101},[50,9702,89],{"class":64},[50,9704,9705],{"class":9202}," c",[50,9707,61],{"class":60},[50,9709,2082],{"class":101},[50,9711,414],{"class":64},[50,9713,9714,9716,9718,9720],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9715,119],{"class":118},[50,9717,122],{"class":64},[50,9719,776],{"class":125},[50,9721,414],{"class":64},[20,9723,9724],{},[997,9725,2091],{},[41,9727,9729],{"className":43,"code":9728,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9730,9731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9732,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9764,9766,9768,9770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9734,9304],{"class":64},[50,9736,1736],{"class":68},[50,9738,380],{"class":72},[50,9740,1736],{"class":68},[50,9742,78],{"class":64},[50,9744,5521],{"class":101},[50,9746,89],{"class":64},[50,9748,3321],{"class":68},[50,9750,4784],{"class":72},[50,9752,1736],{"class":68},[50,9754,78],{"class":64},[50,9756,3016],{"class":101},[50,9758,89],{"class":64},[50,9760,3321],{"class":68},[50,9762,9763],{"class":72},"c",[50,9765,1736],{"class":68},[50,9767,78],{"class":64},[50,9769,2473],{"class":101},[50,9771,105],{"class":64},[219,9773,9426],{"id":9774},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9776,212,9777,9779],{},[15,9778,9149],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[41,9781,9783],{"className":43,"code":9782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9784,9785,9795,9809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9786,9787,9789,9791,9793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9788,829],{"class":56},[50,9790,61],{"class":60},[50,9792,9197],{"class":1779},[50,9794,8671],{"class":64},[50,9796,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9798,119],{"class":118},[50,9800,122],{"class":64},[50,9802,1780],{"class":1779},[50,9804,122],{"class":64},[50,9806,776],{"class":125},[50,9808,1770],{"class":64},[50,9810,9811,9813,9815,9817],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,9812,119],{"class":118},[50,9814,122],{"class":64},[50,9816,776],{"class":125},[50,9818,414],{"class":64},[20,9820,9821],{},[997,9822,2091],{},[41,9824,9826],{"className":43,"code":9825,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9827,9828,9842],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9829,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9831,3315],{"class":60},[50,9833,3318],{"class":2085},[50,9835,3321],{"class":68},[50,9837,8850],{"class":72},[50,9839,1736],{"class":68},[50,9841,3328],{"class":60},[50,9843,9844],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9845,9458],{"class":64},[20,9847,9848],{},"This gives the same result as:",[41,9850,9852],{"className":43,"code":9851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n",[15,9853,9854],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9855,9856,9858,9860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9857,829],{"class":56},[50,9859,61],{"class":60},[50,9861,9862],{"class":64}," {}\n",[20,9864,9865,9866,9868,9869,9872,9873,9875],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9867,1240],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9870,9871],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9874,9149],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[219,9877,9879],{"id":9878},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9881,9882,9883,129],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9884,9149],{},[41,9886,9888],{"className":43,"code":9887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9889,9890,9928,9942],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9891,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9893,9241],{"class":56},[50,9895,61],{"class":60},[50,9897,9246],{"class":64},[50,9899,1736],{"class":68},[50,9901,73],{"class":72},[50,9903,1736],{"class":68},[50,9905,89],{"class":64},[50,9907,3321],{"class":68},[50,9909,5027],{"class":72},[50,9911,1736],{"class":68},[50,9913,9259],{"class":64},[50,9915,9262],{"class":64},[50,9917,1736],{"class":68},[50,9919,94],{"class":72},[50,9921,1736],{"class":68},[50,9923,89],{"class":64},[50,9925,102],{"class":101},[50,9927,9275],{"class":64},[50,9929,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9931,829],{"class":56},[50,9933,61],{"class":60},[50,9935,9197],{"class":1779},[50,9937,122],{"class":64},[50,9939,9288],{"class":125},[50,9941,414],{"class":64},[50,9943,9944,9946,9948,9950],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,9945,119],{"class":118},[50,9947,122],{"class":64},[50,9949,776],{"class":125},[50,9951,414],{"class":64},[20,9953,9954],{},[997,9955,2091],{},[41,9957,9958],{"className":43,"code":9624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,9959,9960],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9961,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9963,9304],{"class":64},[50,9965,1736],{"class":68},[50,9967,73],{"class":72},[50,9969,1736],{"class":68},[50,9971,78],{"class":64},[50,9973,3321],{"class":68},[50,9975,5027],{"class":72},[50,9977,1736],{"class":68},[50,9979,89],{"class":64},[50,9981,3321],{"class":68},[50,9983,94],{"class":72},[50,9985,1736],{"class":68},[50,9987,78],{"class":64},[50,9989,102],{"class":101},[50,9991,105],{"class":64},[20,9993,9994],{},"Each pair becomes:",[233,9996,9997,10000],{},[236,9998,9999],{},"the first item as the key",[236,10001,10002],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10004,10005],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[41,10007,10009],{"className":43,"code":10008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10010,10011,10046,10060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10012,10013,10015,10017,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10014,9241],{"class":56},[50,10016,61],{"class":60},[50,10018,10019],{"class":64}," ((",[50,10021,1736],{"class":68},[50,10023,380],{"class":72},[50,10025,1736],{"class":68},[50,10027,89],{"class":64},[50,10029,5521],{"class":101},[50,10031,9259],{"class":64},[50,10033,9262],{"class":64},[50,10035,1736],{"class":68},[50,10037,4784],{"class":72},[50,10039,1736],{"class":68},[50,10041,89],{"class":64},[50,10043,3016],{"class":101},[50,10045,1770],{"class":64},[50,10047,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10049,829],{"class":56},[50,10051,61],{"class":60},[50,10053,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10055,122],{"class":64},[50,10057,9288],{"class":125},[50,10059,414],{"class":64},[50,10061,10062,10064,10066,10068],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,10063,119],{"class":118},[50,10065,122],{"class":64},[50,10067,776],{"class":125},[50,10069,414],{"class":64},[20,10071,10072],{},[997,10073,2091],{},[41,10075,10076],{"className":43,"code":9538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10077,10078],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10079,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10081,9304],{"class":64},[50,10083,1736],{"class":68},[50,10085,380],{"class":72},[50,10087,1736],{"class":68},[50,10089,78],{"class":64},[50,10091,5521],{"class":101},[50,10093,89],{"class":64},[50,10095,3321],{"class":68},[50,10097,4784],{"class":72},[50,10099,1736],{"class":68},[50,10101,78],{"class":64},[50,10103,3016],{"class":101},[50,10105,105],{"class":64},[20,10107,10108,10109,129],{},"Each item must contain ",[997,10110,10111],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10113,2859],{},[41,10115,10117],{"className":43,"code":10116,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10118,10119,10159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10120,10121,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10122,10123],{"class":56},"bad_data ",[50,10125,61],{"class":60},[50,10127,9246],{"class":64},[50,10129,1736],{"class":68},[50,10131,380],{"class":72},[50,10133,1736],{"class":68},[50,10135,89],{"class":64},[50,10137,5521],{"class":101},[50,10139,89],{"class":64},[50,10141,10142],{"class":101}," 100",[50,10144,9259],{"class":64},[50,10146,9262],{"class":64},[50,10148,1736],{"class":68},[50,10150,4784],{"class":72},[50,10152,1736],{"class":68},[50,10154,89],{"class":64},[50,10156,3016],{"class":101},[50,10158,9275],{"class":64},[50,10160,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10172],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10162,2250],{"class":56},[50,10164,61],{"class":60},[50,10166,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10168,122],{"class":64},[50,10170,10171],{"class":125},"bad_data",[50,10173,414],{"class":64},[20,10175,10176,10177,10180],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10178,10179],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10182,10183],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[41,10185,10187],{"className":43,"code":10186,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10188,10189,10238,10252],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10190,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10192,9241],{"class":56},[50,10194,61],{"class":60},[50,10196,9246],{"class":64},[50,10198,1736],{"class":68},[50,10200,380],{"class":72},[50,10202,1736],{"class":68},[50,10204,89],{"class":64},[50,10206,5521],{"class":101},[50,10208,9259],{"class":64},[50,10210,9262],{"class":64},[50,10212,1736],{"class":68},[50,10214,380],{"class":72},[50,10216,1736],{"class":68},[50,10218,89],{"class":64},[50,10220,10221],{"class":101}," 99",[50,10223,9259],{"class":64},[50,10225,9262],{"class":64},[50,10227,1736],{"class":68},[50,10229,4784],{"class":72},[50,10231,1736],{"class":68},[50,10233,89],{"class":64},[50,10235,3016],{"class":101},[50,10237,9275],{"class":64},[50,10239,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10241,829],{"class":56},[50,10243,61],{"class":60},[50,10245,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10247,122],{"class":64},[50,10249,9288],{"class":125},[50,10251,414],{"class":64},[50,10253,10254,10256,10258,10260],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,10255,119],{"class":118},[50,10257,122],{"class":64},[50,10259,776],{"class":125},[50,10261,414],{"class":64},[20,10263,10264],{},[997,10265,2091],{},[41,10267,10269],{"className":43,"code":10268,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10270,10271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10272,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10274,9304],{"class":64},[50,10276,1736],{"class":68},[50,10278,380],{"class":72},[50,10280,1736],{"class":68},[50,10282,78],{"class":64},[50,10284,10221],{"class":101},[50,10286,89],{"class":64},[50,10288,3321],{"class":68},[50,10290,4784],{"class":72},[50,10292,1736],{"class":68},[50,10294,78],{"class":64},[50,10296,3016],{"class":101},[50,10298,105],{"class":64},[219,10300,10302],{"id":10301},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10304,10305],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[41,10307,10308],{"className":43,"code":9575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10309,10310,10340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10311,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10313,829],{"class":56},[50,10315,61],{"class":60},[50,10317,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10319,122],{"class":64},[50,10321,73],{"class":9202},[50,10323,61],{"class":60},[50,10325,1736],{"class":68},[50,10327,5027],{"class":72},[50,10329,1736],{"class":68},[50,10331,89],{"class":64},[50,10333,9215],{"class":9202},[50,10335,61],{"class":60},[50,10337,9220],{"class":101},[50,10339,414],{"class":64},[50,10341,10342,10344,10346,10348],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10343,119],{"class":118},[50,10345,122],{"class":64},[50,10347,776],{"class":125},[50,10349,414],{"class":64},[20,10351,10352],{},[997,10353,2091],{},[41,10355,10356],{"className":43,"code":9624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10357,10358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10359,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10361,9304],{"class":64},[50,10363,1736],{"class":68},[50,10365,73],{"class":72},[50,10367,1736],{"class":68},[50,10369,78],{"class":64},[50,10371,3321],{"class":68},[50,10373,5027],{"class":72},[50,10375,1736],{"class":68},[50,10377,89],{"class":64},[50,10379,3321],{"class":68},[50,10381,94],{"class":72},[50,10383,1736],{"class":68},[50,10385,78],{"class":64},[50,10387,102],{"class":101},[50,10389,105],{"class":64},[20,10391,10392],{},"In this form:",[233,10394,10395,10403],{},[236,10396,10397,10399,10400],{},[15,10398,73],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10401,10402],{},"'name'",[236,10404,10405,10399,10407],{},[15,10406,94],{},[15,10408,10409],{},"'age'",[20,10411,10412],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10414,10415],{},"Valid examples:",[41,10417,10419],{"className":43,"code":10418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10420,10421,10458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10422,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10440,10442,10444,10447,10449,10451,10454,10456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10424,829],{"class":56},[50,10426,61],{"class":60},[50,10428,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10430,122],{"class":64},[50,10432,167],{"class":9202},[50,10434,61],{"class":60},[50,10436,1736],{"class":68},[50,10438,10439],{"class":72},"Paris",[50,10441,1736],{"class":68},[50,10443,89],{"class":64},[50,10445,10446],{"class":9202}," country",[50,10448,61],{"class":60},[50,10450,1736],{"class":68},[50,10452,10453],{"class":72},"France",[50,10455,1736],{"class":68},[50,10457,414],{"class":64},[50,10459,10460,10462,10464,10466],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10461,119],{"class":118},[50,10463,122],{"class":64},[50,10465,776],{"class":125},[50,10467,414],{"class":64},[20,10469,10470],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[233,10472,10473,10476,10479],{},[236,10474,10475],{},"spaces",[236,10477,10478],{},"hyphens",[236,10480,10481],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10483,10484,10485,10488],{},"For example, this is ",[997,10486,10487],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[41,10490,10492],{"className":43,"code":10491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10493,10494],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10495,10496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10497,10491],{"class":146},[20,10499,10500],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[41,10502,10504],{"className":43,"code":10503,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10505,10506,10548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10507,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10509,829],{"class":56},[50,10511,61],{"class":60},[50,10513,65],{"class":64},[50,10515,1736],{"class":68},[50,10517,10518],{"class":72},"first-name",[50,10520,1736],{"class":68},[50,10522,78],{"class":64},[50,10524,3321],{"class":68},[50,10526,7702],{"class":72},[50,10528,1736],{"class":68},[50,10530,89],{"class":64},[50,10532,3321],{"class":68},[50,10534,10535],{"class":72},"first name",[50,10537,1736],{"class":68},[50,10539,78],{"class":64},[50,10541,3321],{"class":68},[50,10543,7702],{"class":72},[50,10545,1736],{"class":68},[50,10547,105],{"class":64},[50,10549,10550,10552,10554,10556],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10551,119],{"class":118},[50,10553,122],{"class":64},[50,10555,776],{"class":125},[50,10557,414],{"class":64},[20,10559,10560],{},[997,10561,2091],{},[41,10563,10565],{"className":43,"code":10564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10566,10567],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10568,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10570,9304],{"class":64},[50,10572,1736],{"class":68},[50,10574,10518],{"class":72},[50,10576,1736],{"class":68},[50,10578,78],{"class":64},[50,10580,3321],{"class":68},[50,10582,7702],{"class":72},[50,10584,1736],{"class":68},[50,10586,89],{"class":64},[50,10588,3321],{"class":68},[50,10590,10535],{"class":72},[50,10592,1736],{"class":68},[50,10594,78],{"class":64},[50,10596,3321],{"class":68},[50,10598,7702],{"class":72},[50,10600,1736],{"class":68},[50,10602,105],{"class":64},[219,10604,10606,10608,10609],{"id":10605},"dict-vs",[15,10607,9149],{}," vs ",[15,10610,1240],{},[20,10612,10613,10614,1846,10616,10618],{},"Both ",[15,10615,9149],{},[15,10617,1240],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[811,10620,212,10622,589],{"id":10621},"use-when",[15,10623,1240],{},[233,10625,10626,10629],{},[236,10627,10628],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[236,10630,10631],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[41,10633,10634],{"className":43,"code":9851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10635,10636],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10637,10638,10640,10642],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10639,829],{"class":56},[50,10641,61],{"class":60},[50,10643,9862],{"class":64},[811,10645,212,10647,589],{"id":10646},"use-dict-when",[15,10648,9149],{},[233,10650,10651,10654,10657],{},[236,10652,10653],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[236,10655,10656],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[236,10658,10659],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[41,10661,10663],{"className":43,"code":10662,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10664,10665,10702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10666,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10668,829],{"class":56},[50,10670,61],{"class":60},[50,10672,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10674,9681],{"class":64},[50,10676,1736],{"class":68},[50,10678,380],{"class":72},[50,10680,1736],{"class":68},[50,10682,89],{"class":64},[50,10684,5521],{"class":101},[50,10686,9259],{"class":64},[50,10688,9262],{"class":64},[50,10690,1736],{"class":68},[50,10692,4784],{"class":72},[50,10694,1736],{"class":68},[50,10696,89],{"class":64},[50,10698,3016],{"class":101},[50,10700,10701],{"class":64},")])\n",[50,10703,10704,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10705,10706],{"class":56},"info ",[50,10708,61],{"class":60},[50,10710,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10712,122],{"class":64},[50,10714,73],{"class":9202},[50,10716,61],{"class":60},[50,10718,1736],{"class":68},[50,10720,5027],{"class":72},[50,10722,1736],{"class":68},[50,10724,89],{"class":64},[50,10726,9215],{"class":9202},[50,10728,61],{"class":60},[50,10730,9220],{"class":101},[50,10732,414],{"class":64},[20,10734,10735],{},"So:",[233,10737,10738,10743],{},[236,10739,10740,10742],{},[15,10741,1240],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[236,10744,10745,10747],{},[15,10746,9149],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10749,10750,10751,10755,10756,129],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[380,10752,10754],{"href":10753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[380,10757,1920,10759,1845],{"href":10758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,10760,17],{},[219,10762,10764],{"id":10763},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10766,10767,10768,129],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10769,9149],{},[811,10771,10773],{"id":10772},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10775,4550],{},[41,10777,10779],{"className":43,"code":10778,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10780,10781,10805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10782,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10784,7805],{"class":56},[50,10786,61],{"class":60},[50,10788,3652],{"class":64},[50,10790,1736],{"class":68},[50,10792,380],{"class":72},[50,10794,1736],{"class":68},[50,10796,89],{"class":64},[50,10798,3321],{"class":68},[50,10800,4784],{"class":72},[50,10802,1736],{"class":68},[50,10804,788],{"class":64},[50,10806,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10808,829],{"class":56},[50,10810,61],{"class":60},[50,10812,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10814,122],{"class":64},[50,10816,7836],{"class":125},[50,10818,414],{"class":64},[20,10820,10821,10822,129],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10823,10824],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10826,10827],{},"Correct version:",[41,10829,10831],{"className":43,"code":10830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10832,10833,10867,10881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10834,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10836,7805],{"class":56},[50,10838,61],{"class":60},[50,10840,9246],{"class":64},[50,10842,1736],{"class":68},[50,10844,380],{"class":72},[50,10846,1736],{"class":68},[50,10848,89],{"class":64},[50,10850,5521],{"class":101},[50,10852,9259],{"class":64},[50,10854,9262],{"class":64},[50,10856,1736],{"class":68},[50,10858,4784],{"class":72},[50,10860,1736],{"class":68},[50,10862,89],{"class":64},[50,10864,3016],{"class":101},[50,10866,9275],{"class":64},[50,10868,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10870,829],{"class":56},[50,10872,61],{"class":60},[50,10874,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10876,122],{"class":64},[50,10878,7836],{"class":125},[50,10880,414],{"class":64},[50,10882,10883,10885,10887,10889],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,10884,119],{"class":118},[50,10886,122],{"class":64},[50,10888,776],{"class":125},[50,10890,414],{"class":64},[811,10892,10894],{"id":10893},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10896,10897],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[41,10899,10901],{"className":43,"code":10900,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10902,10903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10904,10905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10906,10900],{"class":146},[20,10908,10909,10910,78],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10911,61],{},[41,10913,10915],{"className":43,"code":10914,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10916,10917,10939],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10918,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10920,829],{"class":56},[50,10922,61],{"class":60},[50,10924,9197],{"class":1779},[50,10926,122],{"class":64},[50,10928,73],{"class":9202},[50,10930,61],{"class":60},[50,10932,1736],{"class":68},[50,10934,5027],{"class":72},[50,10936,1736],{"class":68},[50,10938,414],{"class":64},[50,10940,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10942,119],{"class":118},[50,10944,122],{"class":64},[50,10946,776],{"class":125},[50,10948,414],{"class":64},[811,10950,10952],{"id":10951},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10954,10955],{},"This will not work:",[41,10957,10958],{"className":43,"code":10491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10959,10960],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10961,10962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10963,10491],{"class":146},[20,10965,10966],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[41,10968,10970],{"className":43,"code":10969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10971,10972,10996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10973,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10975,829],{"class":56},[50,10977,61],{"class":60},[50,10979,65],{"class":64},[50,10981,1736],{"class":68},[50,10983,10518],{"class":72},[50,10985,1736],{"class":68},[50,10987,78],{"class":64},[50,10989,3321],{"class":68},[50,10991,7702],{"class":72},[50,10993,1736],{"class":68},[50,10995,105],{"class":64},[50,10997,10998,11000,11002,11004],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10999,119],{"class":118},[50,11001,122],{"class":64},[50,11003,776],{"class":125},[50,11005,414],{"class":64},[811,11007,11009],{"id":11008},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11011,11012],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[41,11014,11016],{"className":43,"code":11015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11017,11018,11054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11019,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11021,829],{"class":56},[50,11023,61],{"class":60},[50,11025,9197],{"class":1779},[50,11027,9681],{"class":64},[50,11029,1736],{"class":68},[50,11031,2194],{"class":72},[50,11033,1736],{"class":68},[50,11035,89],{"class":64},[50,11037,5521],{"class":101},[50,11039,9259],{"class":64},[50,11041,9262],{"class":64},[50,11043,1736],{"class":68},[50,11045,2194],{"class":72},[50,11047,1736],{"class":68},[50,11049,89],{"class":64},[50,11051,3016],{"class":101},[50,11053,10701],{"class":64},[50,11055,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11057,119],{"class":118},[50,11059,122],{"class":64},[50,11061,776],{"class":125},[50,11063,414],{"class":64},[20,11065,11066],{},[997,11067,2091],{},[41,11069,11071],{"className":43,"code":11070,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11072,11073],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11074,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11076,9304],{"class":64},[50,11078,1736],{"class":68},[50,11080,2194],{"class":72},[50,11082,1736],{"class":68},[50,11084,78],{"class":64},[50,11086,3016],{"class":101},[50,11088,105],{"class":64},[20,11090,11091,11092,129],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[380,11093,11094],{"href":1013},"KeyError in Python",[219,11096,1663],{"id":1662},[20,11098,11099,11100,11102],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11101,9149],{}," include:",[233,11104,11105,11115,11121,11124],{},[236,11106,11107,11108,11111,11112],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11109,11110],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11113,11114],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[236,11116,11117,11118],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11119,11120],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[236,11122,11123],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[236,11125,11126,11127,11129],{},"confusing ",[15,11128,9149],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11131,11132],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[41,11134,11136],{"className":43,"code":11135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11137,11138,11152,11162,11173],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11139,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11141,119],{"class":118},[50,11143,122],{"class":64},[50,11145,1780],{"class":1779},[50,11147,122],{"class":64},[50,11149,776],{"class":125},[50,11151,1770],{"class":64},[50,11153,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11155,119],{"class":118},[50,11157,122],{"class":64},[50,11159,776],{"class":125},[50,11161,414],{"class":64},[50,11163,11164,11166,11168,11171],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11165,119],{"class":118},[50,11167,122],{"class":64},[50,11169,11170],{"class":125},"list_of_pairs",[50,11172,414],{"class":64},[50,11174,11175,11177,11179,11182,11184,11186],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,11176,119],{"class":118},[50,11178,122],{"class":64},[50,11180,11181],{"class":118},"len",[50,11183,122],{"class":64},[50,11185,11170],{"class":125},[50,11187,1770],{"class":64},[20,11189,11190],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[233,11192,11193,11196,11199],{},[236,11194,11195],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[236,11197,11198],{},"what data is being passed in",[236,11200,11201],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[219,11203,1857],{"id":1856},[811,11205,5202,11207,1846,11209,1867],{"id":11206},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11208,9149],{},[15,11210,1240],{},[20,11212,11213,11215,11216,11218],{},[15,11214,1240],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11217,9149],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[811,11220,5192,11222,11224],{"id":11221},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11223,9149],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11226,11227,11228,129],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11229,11114],{},[811,11231,5180,11233,11236],{"id":11232},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11234,11235],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11238,11239],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[811,11241,11243,11244,11246],{"id":11242},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11245,9149],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11248,11249,11250,11253],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11251,11252],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[219,11255,1909],{"id":1908},[233,11257,11258,11263,11267,11272,11278],{},[236,11259,11260],{},[380,11261,11262],{"href":9414},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[236,11264,11265],{},[380,11266,383],{"href":382},[236,11268,11269],{},[380,11270,11271],{"href":10753},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[236,11273,11274],{},[380,11275,1920,11276,1845],{"href":10758},[15,11277,17],{},[236,11279,11280],{},[380,11281,1014],{"href":1013},[1944,11283,11284],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":11286},[11287,11289,11295,11296,11297,11298,11305,11311,11312,11322],{"id":9368,"depth":108,"text":11288},"What dict() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":11290},[11291,11292,11293,11294],{"id":9425,"depth":115,"text":9426},{"id":9467,"depth":115,"text":9468},{"id":9571,"depth":115,"text":9572},{"id":9661,"depth":115,"text":9662},{"id":9774,"depth":108,"text":9426},{"id":9878,"depth":108,"text":9879},{"id":10301,"depth":108,"text":10302},{"id":10605,"depth":108,"text":11299,"children":11300},"dict() vs {}",[11301,11303],{"id":10621,"depth":115,"text":11302},"Use {} when:",{"id":10646,"depth":115,"text":11304},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10763,"depth":108,"text":10764,"children":11306},[11307,11308,11309,11310],{"id":10772,"depth":115,"text":10773},{"id":10893,"depth":115,"text":10894},{"id":10951,"depth":115,"text":10952},{"id":11008,"depth":115,"text":11009},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":11313},[11314,11316,11318,11320],{"id":11206,"depth":115,"text":11315},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11221,"depth":115,"text":11317},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11232,"depth":115,"text":11319},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11242,"depth":115,"text":11321},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9141,"description":11323},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11330,"title":11331,"body":11332,"description":12832,"extension":1981,"meta":12833,"navigation":111,"path":12834,"seo":12835,"stem":12836,"__hash__":12837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11333,"toc":12801},[11334,11340,11346,11353,11355,11416,11421,11426,11430,11447,11450,11454,11456,11471,11474,11487,11491,11494,11626,11628,11695,11698,11714,11720,11726,11729,11810,11812,11826,11830,11836,11901,11903,11911,11914,11937,11943,12006,12012,12015,12029,12042,12046,12057,12062,12073,12080,12084,12090,12212,12214,12240,12243,12260,12263,12374,12376,12425,12427,12440,12449,12454,12459,12470,12472,12573,12596,12598,12602,12621,12624,12682,12685,12710,12712,12718,12721,12727,12731,12738,12746,12752,12755,12757,12798],[10,11335,13,11337,18],{"id":11336},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11338,11339],{},"clear()",[20,11341,11342,11345],{},[15,11343,11344],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11347,11348,11349,11352],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[997,11350,11351],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[219,11354,2022],{"id":2021},[41,11356,11358],{"className":43,"code":11357,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11359,11360,11392,11403],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11361,11362,11364,11366,11368,11370,11372,11374,11376,11378,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11363,829],{"class":56},[50,11365,61],{"class":60},[50,11367,65],{"class":64},[50,11369,69],{"class":68},[50,11371,380],{"class":72},[50,11373,69],{"class":68},[50,11375,78],{"class":64},[50,11377,5521],{"class":101},[50,11379,89],{"class":64},[50,11381,81],{"class":68},[50,11383,4784],{"class":72},[50,11385,69],{"class":68},[50,11387,78],{"class":64},[50,11389,3016],{"class":101},[50,11391,105],{"class":64},[50,11393,11394,11396,11398,11401],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11395,776],{"class":56},[50,11397,129],{"class":64},[50,11399,11400],{"class":125},"clear",[50,11402,8671],{"class":64},[50,11404,11405,11407,11409,11411,11413],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11406,119],{"class":118},[50,11408,122],{"class":64},[50,11410,776],{"class":125},[50,11412,1206],{"class":64},[50,11414,11415],{"class":146},"  # {}\n",[20,11417,11418,11420],{},[15,11419,11339],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[219,11422,222,11424,225],{"id":11423},"what-clear-does",[15,11425,11339],{},[20,11427,228,11428,231],{},[15,11429,11339],{},[233,11431,11432,11435,11438,11442],{},[236,11433,11434],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[236,11436,11437],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[236,11439,241,11440],{},[15,11441,38],{},[236,11443,11444,11445],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11446,1240],{},[20,11448,11449],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11451,9181,11452,129],{},[380,11453,383],{"href":382},[219,11455,387],{"id":386},[41,11457,11459],{"className":43,"code":11458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11460,11461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11462,11463,11465,11467,11469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11464,1709],{"class":56},[50,11466,129],{"class":64},[50,11468,11400],{"class":125},[50,11470,8671],{"class":64},[20,11472,11473],{},"Important points:",[233,11475,11476,11481,11484],{},[236,11477,11478,11480],{},[15,11479,11339],{}," takes no arguments",[236,11482,11483],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[236,11485,11486],{},"It empties that dictionary",[219,11488,11490],{"id":11489},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11492,11493],{},"Here is a basic example:",[41,11495,11497],{"className":43,"code":11496,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11498,11499,11508,11529,11543,11560,11564,11568,11588,11592,11602,11606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11500,11501,11503,11505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11502,618],{"class":56},[50,11504,61],{"class":60},[50,11506,11507],{"class":64}," {\n",[50,11509,11510,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521,11524,11526],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11511,11512],{"class":68},"    \"",[50,11514,73],{"class":72},[50,11516,69],{"class":68},[50,11518,78],{"class":64},[50,11520,81],{"class":68},[50,11522,11523],{"class":72},"Maya",[50,11525,69],{"class":68},[50,11527,11528],{"class":64},",\n",[50,11530,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11532,11512],{"class":68},[50,11534,94],{"class":72},[50,11536,69],{"class":68},[50,11538,78],{"class":64},[50,11540,102],{"class":101},[50,11542,11528],{"class":64},[50,11544,11545,11547,11549,11551,11553,11555,11558],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,11546,11512],{"class":68},[50,11548,167],{"class":72},[50,11550,69],{"class":68},[50,11552,78],{"class":64},[50,11554,81],{"class":68},[50,11556,11557],{"class":72},"Berlin",[50,11559,3384],{"class":68},[50,11561,11562],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,11563,105],{"class":64},[50,11565,11566],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,11567,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11569,11570,11572,11574,11576,11579,11581,11583,11586],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,11571,119],{"class":118},[50,11573,122],{"class":64},[50,11575,69],{"class":68},[50,11577,11578],{"class":72},"Before:",[50,11580,69],{"class":68},[50,11582,89],{"class":64},[50,11584,11585],{"class":125}," user",[50,11587,414],{"class":64},[50,11589,11590],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,11591,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11593,11594,11596,11598,11600],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,11595,670],{"class":56},[50,11597,129],{"class":64},[50,11599,11400],{"class":125},[50,11601,8671],{"class":64},[50,11603,11604],{"class":52,"line":6461},[50,11605,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11618,11620,11622,11624],{"class":52,"line":11608},11,[50,11610,119],{"class":118},[50,11612,122],{"class":64},[50,11614,69],{"class":68},[50,11616,11617],{"class":72},"After:",[50,11619,69],{"class":68},[50,11621,89],{"class":64},[50,11623,11585],{"class":125},[50,11625,414],{"class":64},[20,11627,5583],{},[41,11629,11631],{"className":43,"code":11630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11632,11633,11686],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11634,11635,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11636,11637],{"class":56},"Before",[50,11639,78],{"class":64},[50,11641,65],{"class":64},[50,11643,1736],{"class":68},[50,11645,73],{"class":72},[50,11647,1736],{"class":68},[50,11649,78],{"class":64},[50,11651,3321],{"class":68},[50,11653,11523],{"class":72},[50,11655,1736],{"class":68},[50,11657,89],{"class":64},[50,11659,3321],{"class":68},[50,11661,94],{"class":72},[50,11663,1736],{"class":68},[50,11665,78],{"class":64},[50,11667,102],{"class":101},[50,11669,89],{"class":64},[50,11671,3321],{"class":68},[50,11673,167],{"class":72},[50,11675,1736],{"class":68},[50,11677,78],{"class":64},[50,11679,3321],{"class":68},[50,11681,11557],{"class":72},[50,11683,1736],{"class":68},[50,11685,105],{"class":64},[50,11687,11688,11691,11693],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11689,11690],{"class":56},"After",[50,11692,78],{"class":64},[50,11694,9862],{"class":64},[20,11696,11697],{},"What happens here:",[233,11699,11700,11705,11711],{},[236,11701,11702,11704],{},[15,11703,670],{}," starts with three items",[236,11706,11707,11710],{},[15,11708,11709],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[236,11712,11713],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[219,11715,222,11717,11719],{"id":11716},"what-clear-returns",[15,11718,11339],{}," returns",[20,11721,11722,35,11724,129],{},[15,11723,11339],{},[15,11725,38],{},[20,11727,11728],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[41,11730,11732],{"className":43,"code":11731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11733,11734,11768,11772,11786,11790,11800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11735,11736,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11760,11762,11764,11766],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11737,11738],{"class":56},"my_dict ",[50,11740,61],{"class":60},[50,11742,65],{"class":64},[50,11744,69],{"class":68},[50,11746,2194],{"class":72},[50,11748,69],{"class":68},[50,11750,78],{"class":64},[50,11752,5521],{"class":101},[50,11754,89],{"class":64},[50,11756,81],{"class":68},[50,11758,11759],{"class":72},"y",[50,11761,69],{"class":68},[50,11763,78],{"class":64},[50,11765,3016],{"class":101},[50,11767,105],{"class":64},[50,11769,11770],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11771,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11773,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11775,2250],{"class":56},[50,11777,61],{"class":60},[50,11779,1745],{"class":56},[50,11781,129],{"class":64},[50,11783,11400],{"class":125},[50,11785,8671],{"class":64},[50,11787,11788],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,11789,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11791,11792,11794,11796,11798],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,11793,119],{"class":118},[50,11795,122],{"class":64},[50,11797,2285],{"class":125},[50,11799,414],{"class":64},[50,11801,11802,11804,11806,11808],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,11803,119],{"class":118},[50,11805,122],{"class":64},[50,11807,1709],{"class":125},[50,11809,414],{"class":64},[20,11811,2091],{},[41,11813,11815],{"className":43,"code":11814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n{}\n",[15,11816,11817,11822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11818,11819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11820,11821],{"class":1494},"None\n",[50,11823,11824],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11825,9458],{"class":64},[811,11827,11829],{"id":11828},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11831,11832,11833,11835],{},"Do ",[997,11834,1262],{}," do this:",[41,11837,11839],{"className":43,"code":11838,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11840,11841,11873,11887,11891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11842,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11844,11738],{"class":56},[50,11846,61],{"class":60},[50,11848,65],{"class":64},[50,11850,69],{"class":68},[50,11852,2194],{"class":72},[50,11854,69],{"class":68},[50,11856,78],{"class":64},[50,11858,5521],{"class":101},[50,11860,89],{"class":64},[50,11862,81],{"class":68},[50,11864,11759],{"class":72},[50,11866,69],{"class":68},[50,11868,78],{"class":64},[50,11870,3016],{"class":101},[50,11872,105],{"class":64},[50,11874,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11876,11738],{"class":56},[50,11878,61],{"class":60},[50,11880,1745],{"class":56},[50,11882,129],{"class":64},[50,11884,11400],{"class":125},[50,11886,8671],{"class":64},[50,11888,11889],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11890,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11892,11893,11895,11897,11899],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,11894,119],{"class":118},[50,11896,122],{"class":64},[50,11898,1709],{"class":125},[50,11900,414],{"class":64},[20,11902,2091],{},[41,11904,11905],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,11906,11907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11908,11909],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11910,11821],{"class":1494},[20,11912,11913],{},"Why this happens:",[233,11915,11916,11922,11927],{},[236,11917,11918,11921],{},[15,11919,11920],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[236,11923,11924,11925],{},"The method returns ",[15,11926,38],{},[236,11928,11929,11930,11933,11934,11936],{},"Then ",[15,11931,11932],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11935,38],{}," in the variable",[20,11938,11939,11940,11942],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11941,11339],{}," by itself:",[41,11944,11946],{"className":43,"code":11945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11947,11948,11980,11990,11994],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11949,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11951,11738],{"class":56},[50,11953,61],{"class":60},[50,11955,65],{"class":64},[50,11957,69],{"class":68},[50,11959,2194],{"class":72},[50,11961,69],{"class":68},[50,11963,78],{"class":64},[50,11965,5521],{"class":101},[50,11967,89],{"class":64},[50,11969,81],{"class":68},[50,11971,11759],{"class":72},[50,11973,69],{"class":68},[50,11975,78],{"class":64},[50,11977,3016],{"class":101},[50,11979,105],{"class":64},[50,11981,11982,11984,11986,11988],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11983,1709],{"class":56},[50,11985,129],{"class":64},[50,11987,11400],{"class":125},[50,11989,8671],{"class":64},[50,11991,11992],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11993,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11995,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,11997,119],{"class":118},[50,11999,122],{"class":64},[50,12001,1709],{"class":125},[50,12003,1206],{"class":64},[50,12005,11415],{"class":146},[219,12007,12009,12011],{"id":12008},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12010,11339],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12013,12014],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[41,12016,12017],{"className":43,"code":11458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,12018,12019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12020,12021,12023,12025,12027],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12022,1709],{"class":56},[50,12024,129],{"class":64},[50,12026,11400],{"class":125},[50,12028,8671],{"class":64},[41,12030,12032],{"className":43,"code":12031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12033,12034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12035,12036,12038,12040],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12037,11738],{"class":56},[50,12039,61],{"class":60},[50,12041,9862],{"class":64},[811,12043,12044],{"id":11400},[15,12045,11339],{},[233,12047,12048,12051,12054],{},[236,12049,12050],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[236,12052,12053],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[236,12055,12056],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[811,12058,12059],{"id":1709},[15,12060,12061],{},"my_dict = {}",[233,12063,12064,12067,12070],{},[236,12065,12066],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[236,12068,12069],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[236,12071,12072],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12074,12075,12076,129],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[380,12077,12079],{"href":12078},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[219,12081,12083],{"id":12082},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12085,12086,12087,12089],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12088,11339],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[41,12091,12093],{"className":43,"code":12092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12094,12095,12128,12138,12142,12153,12157,12177,12197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12096,12097,12100,12102,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12098,12099],{"class":56},"original ",[50,12101,61],{"class":60},[50,12103,65],{"class":64},[50,12105,69],{"class":68},[50,12107,380],{"class":72},[50,12109,69],{"class":68},[50,12111,78],{"class":64},[50,12113,5521],{"class":101},[50,12115,89],{"class":64},[50,12117,81],{"class":68},[50,12119,4784],{"class":72},[50,12121,69],{"class":68},[50,12123,78],{"class":64},[50,12125,3016],{"class":101},[50,12127,105],{"class":64},[50,12129,12130,12133,12135],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12131,12132],{"class":56},"other_ref ",[50,12134,61],{"class":60},[50,12136,12137],{"class":56}," original\n",[50,12139,12140],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12141,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12143,12144,12147,12149,12151],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,12145,12146],{"class":56},"original",[50,12148,129],{"class":64},[50,12150,11400],{"class":125},[50,12152,8671],{"class":64},[50,12154,12155],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,12156,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12158,12159,12161,12163,12165,12168,12170,12172,12175],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,12160,119],{"class":118},[50,12162,122],{"class":64},[50,12164,69],{"class":68},[50,12166,12167],{"class":72},"original:",[50,12169,69],{"class":68},[50,12171,89],{"class":64},[50,12173,12174],{"class":125}," original",[50,12176,414],{"class":64},[50,12178,12179,12181,12183,12185,12188,12190,12192,12195],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,12180,119],{"class":118},[50,12182,122],{"class":64},[50,12184,69],{"class":68},[50,12186,12187],{"class":72},"other_ref:",[50,12189,69],{"class":68},[50,12191,89],{"class":64},[50,12193,12194],{"class":125}," other_ref",[50,12196,414],{"class":64},[50,12198,12199,12201,12203,12205,12208,12210],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,12200,119],{"class":118},[50,12202,122],{"class":64},[50,12204,12099],{"class":125},[50,12206,12207],{"class":1622},"is",[50,12209,12194],{"class":125},[50,12211,414],{"class":64},[20,12213,2091],{},[41,12215,12217],{"className":43,"code":12216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12218,12219,12227,12236],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12220,12221,12223,12225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12222,12146],{"class":56},[50,12224,78],{"class":64},[50,12226,9862],{"class":64},[50,12228,12229,12232,12234],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12230,12231],{"class":56},"other_ref",[50,12233,78],{"class":64},[50,12235,9862],{"class":64},[50,12237,12238],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12239,4002],{"class":1494},[20,12241,12242],{},"This shows:",[233,12244,12245,12252,12257],{},[236,12246,12247,1846,12249,12251],{},[15,12248,12146],{},[15,12250,12231],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[236,12253,12254,12256],{},[15,12255,11339],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[236,12258,12259],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12261,12262],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[41,12264,12266],{"className":43,"code":12265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12267,12268,12300,12308,12312,12320,12324,12342,12360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12269,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12271,12099],{"class":56},[50,12273,61],{"class":60},[50,12275,65],{"class":64},[50,12277,69],{"class":68},[50,12279,380],{"class":72},[50,12281,69],{"class":68},[50,12283,78],{"class":64},[50,12285,5521],{"class":101},[50,12287,89],{"class":64},[50,12289,81],{"class":68},[50,12291,4784],{"class":72},[50,12293,69],{"class":68},[50,12295,78],{"class":64},[50,12297,3016],{"class":101},[50,12299,105],{"class":64},[50,12301,12302,12304,12306],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12303,12132],{"class":56},[50,12305,61],{"class":60},[50,12307,12137],{"class":56},[50,12309,12310],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12311,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12313,12314,12316,12318],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,12315,12099],{"class":56},[50,12317,61],{"class":60},[50,12319,9862],{"class":64},[50,12321,12322],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,12323,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12325,12326,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336,12338,12340],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,12327,119],{"class":118},[50,12329,122],{"class":64},[50,12331,69],{"class":68},[50,12333,12167],{"class":72},[50,12335,69],{"class":68},[50,12337,89],{"class":64},[50,12339,12174],{"class":125},[50,12341,414],{"class":64},[50,12343,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,12345,119],{"class":118},[50,12347,122],{"class":64},[50,12349,69],{"class":68},[50,12351,12187],{"class":72},[50,12353,69],{"class":68},[50,12355,89],{"class":64},[50,12357,12194],{"class":125},[50,12359,414],{"class":64},[50,12361,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,12363,119],{"class":118},[50,12365,122],{"class":64},[50,12367,12099],{"class":125},[50,12369,12207],{"class":1622},[50,12371,12194],{"class":125},[50,12373,414],{"class":64},[20,12375,2091],{},[41,12377,12379],{"className":43,"code":12378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12380,12381,12389,12421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12382,12383,12385,12387],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12384,12146],{"class":56},[50,12386,78],{"class":64},[50,12388,9862],{"class":64},[50,12390,12391,12393,12395,12397,12399,12401,12403,12405,12407,12409,12411,12413,12415,12417,12419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12392,12231],{"class":56},[50,12394,78],{"class":64},[50,12396,65],{"class":64},[50,12398,1736],{"class":68},[50,12400,380],{"class":72},[50,12402,1736],{"class":68},[50,12404,78],{"class":64},[50,12406,5521],{"class":101},[50,12408,89],{"class":64},[50,12410,3321],{"class":68},[50,12412,4784],{"class":72},[50,12414,1736],{"class":68},[50,12416,78],{"class":64},[50,12418,3016],{"class":101},[50,12420,105],{"class":64},[50,12422,12423],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12424,4063],{"class":1494},[20,12426,2199],{},[233,12428,12429,12435],{},[236,12430,12431,12434],{},[15,12432,12433],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[236,12436,12437,12439],{},[15,12438,12231],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12441,12442,12443,129],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[380,12444,12446],{"href":12445},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12447,12448],{},"dict.copy()",[219,12450,582,12452],{"id":12451},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12453,11339],{},[20,12455,12456,12458],{},[15,12457,11339],{}," is useful when you want to:",[233,12460,12461,12464,12467],{},[236,12462,12463],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[236,12465,12466],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[236,12468,12469],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12471,253],{},[41,12473,12475],{"className":43,"code":12474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12476,12477,12486,12502,12520,12533,12537,12541,12546,12557,12561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12478,12479,12482,12484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12480,12481],{"class":56},"session_data ",[50,12483,61],{"class":60},[50,12485,11507],{"class":64},[50,12487,12488,12490,12493,12495,12497,12500],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12489,11512],{"class":68},[50,12491,12492],{"class":72},"user_id",[50,12494,69],{"class":68},[50,12496,78],{"class":64},[50,12498,12499],{"class":101}," 101",[50,12501,11528],{"class":64},[50,12503,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12505,11512],{"class":68},[50,12507,475],{"class":72},[50,12509,69],{"class":68},[50,12511,78],{"class":64},[50,12513,81],{"class":68},[50,12515,484],{"class":72},[50,12517,69],{"class":68},[50,12519,11528],{"class":64},[50,12521,12522,12524,12527,12529,12531],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,12523,11512],{"class":68},[50,12525,12526],{"class":72},"logged_in",[50,12528,69],{"class":68},[50,12530,78],{"class":64},[50,12532,6447],{"class":1494},[50,12534,12535],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,12536,105],{"class":64},[50,12538,12539],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,12540,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12542,12543],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,12544,12545],{"class":146},"# Reset for a new session\n",[50,12547,12548,12551,12553,12555],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,12549,12550],{"class":56},"session_data",[50,12552,129],{"class":64},[50,12554,11400],{"class":125},[50,12556,8671],{"class":64},[50,12558,12559],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,12560,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12562,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571],{"class":52,"line":6461},[50,12564,119],{"class":118},[50,12566,122],{"class":64},[50,12568,12550],{"class":125},[50,12570,1206],{"class":64},[50,12572,11415],{"class":146},[20,12574,12575,12576,12582,12583,129,12587,12589,12590,129],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[380,12577,12579],{"href":12578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12580,12581],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[380,12584,12586],{"href":12585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9870,12588],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[380,12591,12593],{"href":12592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12594,12595],{},"dict.popitem()",[219,12597,1663],{"id":1662},[20,12599,10767,12600,78],{},[15,12601,11339],{},[233,12603,12604,12610,12615,12618],{},[236,12605,12606,12607,12609],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12608,11339],{}," to a variable",[236,12611,8480,12612,12614],{},[15,12613,11339],{}," to return a new dictionary",[236,12616,12617],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[236,12619,12620],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12622,12623],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[41,12625,12627],{"className":43,"code":12626,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12628,12629,12639,12653,12668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12630,12631,12633,12635,12637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12632,119],{"class":118},[50,12634,122],{"class":64},[50,12636,1709],{"class":125},[50,12638,414],{"class":64},[50,12640,12641,12643,12645,12647,12649,12651],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12642,119],{"class":118},[50,12644,122],{"class":64},[50,12646,1780],{"class":1779},[50,12648,122],{"class":64},[50,12650,1709],{"class":125},[50,12652,1770],{"class":64},[50,12654,12655,12657,12659,12662,12664,12666],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12656,119],{"class":118},[50,12658,122],{"class":64},[50,12660,12661],{"class":118},"id",[50,12663,122],{"class":64},[50,12665,1709],{"class":125},[50,12667,1770],{"class":64},[50,12669,12670,12672,12674,12676,12678,12680],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,12671,119],{"class":118},[50,12673,122],{"class":64},[50,12675,12132],{"class":125},[50,12677,12207],{"class":1622},[50,12679,1745],{"class":125},[50,12681,414],{"class":64},[20,12683,12684],{},"What these show:",[233,12686,12687,12692,12698,12704],{},[236,12688,12689,12691],{},[15,12690,1809],{}," shows the current contents",[236,12693,12694,12697],{},[15,12695,12696],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[236,12699,12700,12703],{},[15,12701,12702],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[236,12705,12706,12709],{},[15,12707,12708],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[219,12711,1857],{"id":1856},[811,12713,1861,12715,12717],{"id":12714},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12716,11339],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12719,12720],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[811,12722,5164,12724,12726],{"id":12723},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12725,11344],{}," return?",[20,12728,5170,12729,129],{},[15,12730,38],{},[811,12732,5202,12734,1846,12736,1867],{"id":12733},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12735,11339],{},[15,12737,1240],{},[20,12739,12740,12742,12743,12745],{},[15,12741,11339],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12744,1240],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[811,12747,1861,12749,12751],{"id":12748},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12750,11339],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12753,12754],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[219,12756,1909],{"id":1908},[233,12758,12759,12763,12767,12774,12781,12788,12793],{},[236,12760,12761],{},[380,12762,383],{"href":382},[236,12764,12765],{},[380,12766,11262],{"href":9414},[236,12768,12769],{},[380,12770,1920,12771,1845],{"href":12578},[15,12772,12773],{},"pop()",[236,12775,12776],{},[380,12777,1920,12778,1845],{"href":12592},[15,12779,12780],{},"popitem()",[236,12782,12783],{},[380,12784,1920,12785,1845],{"href":12445},[15,12786,12787],{},"copy()",[236,12789,12790],{},[380,12791,12792],{"href":12078},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[236,12794,12795],{},[380,12796,12797],{"href":12585},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1944,12799,12800],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":12802},[12803,12804,12806,12807,12808,12812,12817,12818,12820,12821,12831],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":11423,"depth":108,"text":12805},"What clear() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":11716,"depth":108,"text":12809,"children":12810},"What clear() returns",[12811],{"id":11828,"depth":115,"text":11829},{"id":12008,"depth":108,"text":12813,"children":12814},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12815,12816],{"id":11400,"depth":115,"text":11339},{"id":1709,"depth":115,"text":12061},{"id":12082,"depth":108,"text":12083},{"id":12451,"depth":108,"text":12819},"When to use clear()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":12822},[12823,12825,12827,12829],{"id":12714,"depth":115,"text":12824},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12723,"depth":115,"text":12826},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12733,"depth":115,"text":12828},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12748,"depth":115,"text":12830},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11331,"description":12832},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12839,"title":12840,"body":12841,"description":15001,"extension":1981,"meta":15002,"navigation":111,"path":15003,"seo":15004,"stem":15005,"__hash__":15006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12842,"toc":14973},[12843,12848,12853,12863,12865,12952,12956,12997,13002,13009,13027,13035,13037,13058,13061,13073,13075,13154,13158,13199,13201,13204,13331,13335,13415,13418,13436,13439,13443,13449,13451,13462,13464,13658,13662,13768,13771,13789,13792,13799,13804,13808,13822,13824,13949,13953,14033,14046,14052,14055,14063,14067,14193,14197,14271,14276,14407,14411,14485,14488,14502,14506,14510,14524,14526,14661,14665,14734,14736,14741,14763,14766,14872,14875,14886,14893,14895,14901,14904,14911,14914,14921,14929,14933,14936,14938,14970],[10,12844,13,12846,18],{"id":12845},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12847,12787],{},[20,12849,12850,12852],{},[15,12851,12448],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12854,12855,12856,12858,12859,12862],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12857,12787],{}," makes a ",[997,12860,12861],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[219,12864,2022],{"id":2021},[41,12866,12868],{"className":43,"code":12867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12869,12870,12906,12923,12927,12938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12871,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882,12884,12886,12888,12890,12892,12894,12896,12898,12900,12902,12904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12873,263],{"class":56},[50,12875,61],{"class":60},[50,12877,65],{"class":64},[50,12879,69],{"class":68},[50,12881,73],{"class":72},[50,12883,69],{"class":68},[50,12885,78],{"class":64},[50,12887,81],{"class":68},[50,12889,84],{"class":72},[50,12891,69],{"class":68},[50,12893,89],{"class":64},[50,12895,81],{"class":68},[50,12897,94],{"class":72},[50,12899,69],{"class":68},[50,12901,78],{"class":64},[50,12903,7816],{"class":101},[50,12905,105],{"class":64},[50,12907,12908,12911,12913,12916,12918,12921],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12909,12910],{"class":56},"student_copy ",[50,12912,61],{"class":60},[50,12914,12915],{"class":56}," student",[50,12917,129],{"class":64},[50,12919,12920],{"class":125},"copy",[50,12922,8671],{"class":64},[50,12924,12925],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12926,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12928,12929,12931,12933,12936],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,12930,119],{"class":118},[50,12932,122],{"class":64},[50,12934,12935],{"class":125},"student_copy",[50,12937,414],{"class":64},[50,12939,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,12941,119],{"class":118},[50,12943,122],{"class":64},[50,12945,12910],{"class":125},[50,12947,12207],{"class":1622},[50,12949,12915],{"class":125},[50,12951,414],{"class":64},[20,12953,12954],{},[997,12955,2091],{},[41,12957,12959],{"className":43,"code":12958,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12960,12961,12993],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12962,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973,12975,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12964,9304],{"class":64},[50,12966,1736],{"class":68},[50,12968,73],{"class":72},[50,12970,1736],{"class":68},[50,12972,78],{"class":64},[50,12974,3321],{"class":68},[50,12976,84],{"class":72},[50,12978,1736],{"class":68},[50,12980,89],{"class":64},[50,12982,3321],{"class":68},[50,12984,94],{"class":72},[50,12986,1736],{"class":68},[50,12988,78],{"class":64},[50,12990,7816],{"class":101},[50,12992,105],{"class":64},[50,12994,12995],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12996,4063],{"class":1494},[20,12998,212,12999,13001],{},[15,13000,12787],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[219,13003,13005,13006,13008],{"id":13004},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13007,12787],{}," method does",[233,13010,13011,13016,13019,13024],{},[236,13012,13013,13015],{},[15,13014,12448],{}," returns a new dictionary",[236,13017,13018],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[236,13020,13021,13022],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13023,12787],{},[236,13025,13026],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13028,378,13029,2901,13032,129],{},[380,13030,383],{"href":13031},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[380,13033,9415],{"href":13034},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[219,13036,387],{"id":386},[41,13038,13040],{"className":43,"code":13039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13041,13042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13043,13044,13047,13049,13052,13054,13056],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13045,13046],{"class":56},"new_dict ",[50,13048,61],{"class":60},[50,13050,13051],{"class":56}," old_dict",[50,13053,129],{"class":64},[50,13055,12920],{"class":125},[50,13057,8671],{"class":64},[20,13059,13060],{},"Key points:",[233,13062,13063,13067,13070],{},[236,13064,13065,11480],{},[15,13066,12787],{},[236,13068,13069],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[236,13071,13072],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13074,253],{},[41,13076,13078],{"className":43,"code":13077,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13079,13080,13123,13139,13143],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13081,13082,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13119,13121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13083,13084],{"class":56},"colors ",[50,13086,61],{"class":60},[50,13088,65],{"class":64},[50,13090,69],{"class":68},[50,13092,380],{"class":72},[50,13094,69],{"class":68},[50,13096,78],{"class":64},[50,13098,81],{"class":68},[50,13100,13101],{"class":72},"red",[50,13103,69],{"class":68},[50,13105,89],{"class":64},[50,13107,81],{"class":68},[50,13109,4784],{"class":72},[50,13111,69],{"class":68},[50,13113,78],{"class":64},[50,13115,81],{"class":68},[50,13117,13118],{"class":72},"blue",[50,13120,69],{"class":68},[50,13122,105],{"class":64},[50,13124,13125,13128,13130,13133,13135,13137],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13126,13127],{"class":56},"new_colors ",[50,13129,61],{"class":60},[50,13131,13132],{"class":56}," colors",[50,13134,129],{"class":64},[50,13136,12920],{"class":125},[50,13138,8671],{"class":64},[50,13140,13141],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13142,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13144,13145,13147,13149,13152],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,13146,119],{"class":118},[50,13148,122],{"class":64},[50,13150,13151],{"class":125},"new_colors",[50,13153,414],{"class":64},[20,13155,13156],{},[997,13157,2091],{},[41,13159,13161],{"className":43,"code":13160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13162,13163],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13164,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13166,9304],{"class":64},[50,13168,1736],{"class":68},[50,13170,380],{"class":72},[50,13172,1736],{"class":68},[50,13174,78],{"class":64},[50,13176,3321],{"class":68},[50,13178,13101],{"class":72},[50,13180,1736],{"class":68},[50,13182,89],{"class":64},[50,13184,3321],{"class":68},[50,13186,4784],{"class":72},[50,13188,1736],{"class":68},[50,13190,78],{"class":64},[50,13192,3321],{"class":68},[50,13194,13118],{"class":72},[50,13196,1736],{"class":68},[50,13198,105],{"class":64},[219,13200,11490],{"id":11489},[20,13202,13203],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[41,13205,13207],{"className":43,"code":13206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13208,13209,13246,13262,13266,13288,13292,13311],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13210,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13212,57],{"class":56},[50,13214,61],{"class":60},[50,13216,65],{"class":64},[50,13218,69],{"class":68},[50,13220,73],{"class":72},[50,13222,69],{"class":68},[50,13224,78],{"class":64},[50,13226,81],{"class":68},[50,13228,13229],{"class":72},"Liam",[50,13231,69],{"class":68},[50,13233,89],{"class":64},[50,13235,81],{"class":68},[50,13237,94],{"class":72},[50,13239,69],{"class":68},[50,13241,78],{"class":64},[50,13243,102],{"class":101},[50,13245,105],{"class":64},[50,13247,13248,13251,13253,13256,13258,13260],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13249,13250],{"class":56},"person_copy ",[50,13252,61],{"class":60},[50,13254,13255],{"class":56}," person",[50,13257,129],{"class":64},[50,13259,12920],{"class":125},[50,13261,8671],{"class":64},[50,13263,13264],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13265,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13267,13268,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13282,13285],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,13269,13270],{"class":56},"person_copy",[50,13272,779],{"class":64},[50,13274,69],{"class":68},[50,13276,94],{"class":72},[50,13278,69],{"class":68},[50,13280,13281],{"class":64},"]",[50,13283,13284],{"class":60}," =",[50,13286,13287],{"class":101}," 26\n",[50,13289,13290],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,13291,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13293,13294,13296,13298,13300,13303,13305,13307,13309],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,13295,119],{"class":118},[50,13297,122],{"class":64},[50,13299,69],{"class":68},[50,13301,13302],{"class":72},"Original:",[50,13304,69],{"class":68},[50,13306,89],{"class":64},[50,13308,13255],{"class":125},[50,13310,414],{"class":64},[50,13312,13313,13315,13317,13319,13322,13324,13326,13329],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,13314,119],{"class":118},[50,13316,122],{"class":64},[50,13318,69],{"class":68},[50,13320,13321],{"class":72},"Copy:",[50,13323,69],{"class":68},[50,13325,89],{"class":64},[50,13327,13328],{"class":125}," person_copy",[50,13330,414],{"class":64},[20,13332,13333],{},[997,13334,2091],{},[41,13336,13338],{"className":43,"code":13337,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13339,13340,13377],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13341,13342,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13373,13375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13343,13344],{"class":56},"Original",[50,13346,78],{"class":64},[50,13348,65],{"class":64},[50,13350,1736],{"class":68},[50,13352,73],{"class":72},[50,13354,1736],{"class":68},[50,13356,78],{"class":64},[50,13358,3321],{"class":68},[50,13360,13229],{"class":72},[50,13362,1736],{"class":68},[50,13364,89],{"class":64},[50,13366,3321],{"class":68},[50,13368,94],{"class":72},[50,13370,1736],{"class":68},[50,13372,78],{"class":64},[50,13374,102],{"class":101},[50,13376,105],{"class":64},[50,13378,13379,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410,13413],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13380,13381],{"class":56},"Copy",[50,13383,78],{"class":64},[50,13385,65],{"class":64},[50,13387,1736],{"class":68},[50,13389,73],{"class":72},[50,13391,1736],{"class":68},[50,13393,78],{"class":64},[50,13395,3321],{"class":68},[50,13397,13229],{"class":72},[50,13399,1736],{"class":68},[50,13401,89],{"class":64},[50,13403,3321],{"class":68},[50,13405,94],{"class":72},[50,13407,1736],{"class":68},[50,13409,78],{"class":64},[50,13411,13412],{"class":101}," 26",[50,13414,105],{"class":64},[20,13416,13417],{},"What happened here:",[233,13419,13420,13426,13433],{},[236,13421,13422,13425],{},[15,13423,13424],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[236,13427,13428,13429,13432],{},"Changing ",[15,13430,13431],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[236,13434,13435],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13437,13438],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[219,13440,13442],{"id":13441},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13444,13445,12858,13447,129],{},[15,13446,12787],{},[997,13448,12861],{},[20,13450,2128],{},[233,13452,13453,13456,13459],{},[236,13454,13455],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[236,13457,13458],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[236,13460,13461],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13463,253],{},[41,13465,13467],{"className":43,"code":13466,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13468,13469,13477,13495,13518,13522,13526,13540,13544,13569,13573,13591,13610,13625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13470,13471,13473,13475],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13472,263],{"class":56},[50,13474,61],{"class":60},[50,13476,11507],{"class":64},[50,13478,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13480,11512],{"class":68},[50,13482,73],{"class":72},[50,13484,69],{"class":68},[50,13486,78],{"class":64},[50,13488,81],{"class":68},[50,13490,84],{"class":72},[50,13492,69],{"class":68},[50,13494,11528],{"class":64},[50,13496,13497,13499,13502,13504,13506,13508,13511,13513,13516],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13498,11512],{"class":68},[50,13500,13501],{"class":72},"grades",[50,13503,69],{"class":68},[50,13505,78],{"class":64},[50,13507,3652],{"class":64},[50,13509,13510],{"class":101},"90",[50,13512,89],{"class":64},[50,13514,13515],{"class":101}," 85",[50,13517,788],{"class":64},[50,13519,13520],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,13521,105],{"class":64},[50,13523,13524],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,13525,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13527,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,13529,12910],{"class":56},[50,13531,61],{"class":60},[50,13533,12915],{"class":56},[50,13535,129],{"class":64},[50,13537,12920],{"class":125},[50,13539,8671],{"class":64},[50,13541,13542],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,13543,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13545,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13559,13562,13564,13567],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,13547,12935],{"class":56},[50,13549,779],{"class":64},[50,13551,69],{"class":68},[50,13553,13501],{"class":72},[50,13555,69],{"class":68},[50,13557,13558],{"class":64},"].",[50,13560,13561],{"class":125},"append",[50,13563,122],{"class":64},[50,13565,13566],{"class":101},"100",[50,13568,414],{"class":64},[50,13570,13571],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,13572,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13574,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589],{"class":52,"line":6461},[50,13576,119],{"class":118},[50,13578,122],{"class":64},[50,13580,69],{"class":68},[50,13582,13302],{"class":72},[50,13584,69],{"class":68},[50,13586,89],{"class":64},[50,13588,12915],{"class":125},[50,13590,414],{"class":64},[50,13592,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13608],{"class":52,"line":11608},[50,13594,119],{"class":118},[50,13596,122],{"class":64},[50,13598,69],{"class":68},[50,13600,13321],{"class":72},[50,13602,69],{"class":68},[50,13604,89],{"class":64},[50,13606,13607],{"class":125}," student_copy",[50,13609,414],{"class":64},[50,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623],{"class":52,"line":13612},12,[50,13614,119],{"class":118},[50,13616,122],{"class":64},[50,13618,263],{"class":125},[50,13620,12207],{"class":1622},[50,13622,13607],{"class":125},[50,13624,414],{"class":64},[50,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656],{"class":52,"line":13627},13,[50,13629,119],{"class":118},[50,13631,122],{"class":64},[50,13633,311],{"class":125},[50,13635,779],{"class":64},[50,13637,69],{"class":68},[50,13639,13501],{"class":72},[50,13641,69],{"class":68},[50,13643,13281],{"class":64},[50,13645,8122],{"class":1622},[50,13647,13607],{"class":125},[50,13649,779],{"class":64},[50,13651,69],{"class":68},[50,13653,13501],{"class":72},[50,13655,69],{"class":68},[50,13657,3911],{"class":64},[20,13659,13660],{},[997,13661,2091],{},[41,13663,13665],{"className":43,"code":13664,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13666,13667,13714,13760,13764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13668,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13670,13344],{"class":56},[50,13672,78],{"class":64},[50,13674,65],{"class":64},[50,13676,1736],{"class":68},[50,13678,73],{"class":72},[50,13680,1736],{"class":68},[50,13682,78],{"class":64},[50,13684,3321],{"class":68},[50,13686,84],{"class":72},[50,13688,1736],{"class":68},[50,13690,89],{"class":64},[50,13692,3321],{"class":68},[50,13694,13501],{"class":72},[50,13696,1736],{"class":68},[50,13698,78],{"class":64},[50,13700,3652],{"class":64},[50,13702,13510],{"class":101},[50,13704,89],{"class":64},[50,13706,13515],{"class":101},[50,13708,89],{"class":64},[50,13710,10142],{"class":101},[50,13712,13713],{"class":64},"]}\n",[50,13715,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13717,13381],{"class":56},[50,13719,78],{"class":64},[50,13721,65],{"class":64},[50,13723,1736],{"class":68},[50,13725,73],{"class":72},[50,13727,1736],{"class":68},[50,13729,78],{"class":64},[50,13731,3321],{"class":68},[50,13733,84],{"class":72},[50,13735,1736],{"class":68},[50,13737,89],{"class":64},[50,13739,3321],{"class":68},[50,13741,13501],{"class":72},[50,13743,1736],{"class":68},[50,13745,78],{"class":64},[50,13747,3652],{"class":64},[50,13749,13510],{"class":101},[50,13751,89],{"class":64},[50,13753,13515],{"class":101},[50,13755,89],{"class":64},[50,13757,10142],{"class":101},[50,13759,13713],{"class":64},[50,13761,13762],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13763,4063],{"class":1494},[50,13765,13766],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,13767,4002],{"class":1494},[20,13769,13770],{},"Notice the difference:",[233,13772,13773,13781],{},[236,13774,13775,4807,13778,13780],{},[15,13776,13777],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13779,3702],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[236,13782,13783,4807,13786,13788],{},[15,13784,13785],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13787,3632],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13790,13791],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13793,13794,13795,129],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[380,13796,13798],{"href":13797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[219,13800,582,13802],{"id":13801},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13803,12787],{},[20,13805,212,13806,589],{},[15,13807,12787],{},[233,13809,13810,13813,13816,13819],{},[236,13811,13812],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[236,13814,13815],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[236,13817,13818],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[236,13820,13821],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13823,253],{},[41,13825,13827],{"className":43,"code":13826,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13828,13829,13867,13883,13887,13906,13910,13929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13830,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13858,13860,13862,13865],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13832,466],{"class":56},[50,13834,61],{"class":60},[50,13836,65],{"class":64},[50,13838,69],{"class":68},[50,13840,475],{"class":72},[50,13842,69],{"class":68},[50,13844,78],{"class":64},[50,13846,81],{"class":68},[50,13848,484],{"class":72},[50,13850,69],{"class":68},[50,13852,89],{"class":64},[50,13854,81],{"class":68},[50,13856,13857],{"class":72},"font_size",[50,13859,69],{"class":68},[50,13861,78],{"class":64},[50,13863,13864],{"class":101}," 14",[50,13866,105],{"class":64},[50,13868,13869,13872,13874,13877,13879,13881],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13870,13871],{"class":56},"settings_backup ",[50,13873,61],{"class":60},[50,13875,13876],{"class":56}," settings",[50,13878,129],{"class":64},[50,13880,12920],{"class":125},[50,13882,8671],{"class":64},[50,13884,13885],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13886,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13888,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,13890,501],{"class":56},[50,13892,779],{"class":64},[50,13894,69],{"class":68},[50,13896,13857],{"class":72},[50,13898,69],{"class":68},[50,13900,13281],{"class":64},[50,13902,13284],{"class":60},[50,13904,13905],{"class":101}," 16\n",[50,13907,13908],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,13909,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13911,13912,13914,13916,13918,13921,13923,13925,13927],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,13913,119],{"class":118},[50,13915,122],{"class":64},[50,13917,69],{"class":68},[50,13919,13920],{"class":72},"Current:",[50,13922,69],{"class":68},[50,13924,89],{"class":64},[50,13926,13876],{"class":125},[50,13928,414],{"class":64},[50,13930,13931,13933,13935,13937,13940,13942,13944,13947],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,13932,119],{"class":118},[50,13934,122],{"class":64},[50,13936,69],{"class":68},[50,13938,13939],{"class":72},"Backup:",[50,13941,69],{"class":68},[50,13943,89],{"class":64},[50,13945,13946],{"class":125}," settings_backup",[50,13948,414],{"class":64},[20,13950,13951],{},[997,13952,2091],{},[41,13954,13956],{"className":43,"code":13955,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13957,13958,13996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13959,13960,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13994],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13961,13962],{"class":56},"Current",[50,13964,78],{"class":64},[50,13966,65],{"class":64},[50,13968,1736],{"class":68},[50,13970,475],{"class":72},[50,13972,1736],{"class":68},[50,13974,78],{"class":64},[50,13976,3321],{"class":68},[50,13978,484],{"class":72},[50,13980,1736],{"class":68},[50,13982,89],{"class":64},[50,13984,3321],{"class":68},[50,13986,13857],{"class":72},[50,13988,1736],{"class":68},[50,13990,78],{"class":64},[50,13992,13993],{"class":101}," 16",[50,13995,105],{"class":64},[50,13997,13998,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13999,14000],{"class":56},"Backup",[50,14002,78],{"class":64},[50,14004,65],{"class":64},[50,14006,1736],{"class":68},[50,14008,475],{"class":72},[50,14010,1736],{"class":68},[50,14012,78],{"class":64},[50,14014,3321],{"class":68},[50,14016,484],{"class":72},[50,14018,1736],{"class":68},[50,14020,89],{"class":64},[50,14022,3321],{"class":68},[50,14024,13857],{"class":72},[50,14026,1736],{"class":68},[50,14028,78],{"class":64},[50,14030,13864],{"class":101},[50,14032,105],{"class":64},[20,14034,14035,14036,2901,14042,129],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[380,14037,14039],{"href":14038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14040,14041],{},"dict.update()",[380,14043,14044],{"href":12834},[15,14045,11344],{},[219,14047,14049,14051],{"id":14048},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14050,12787],{}," vs assignment",[20,14053,14054],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14056,8444,14057,14059,14060,14062],{},[15,14058,61],{}," does ",[997,14061,1262],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[811,14064,14066],{"id":14065},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[41,14068,14070],{"className":43,"code":14069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14071,14072,14104,14113,14117,14137,14141,14159,14179],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14073,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14075,12099],{"class":56},[50,14077,61],{"class":60},[50,14079,65],{"class":64},[50,14081,69],{"class":68},[50,14083,2194],{"class":72},[50,14085,69],{"class":68},[50,14087,78],{"class":64},[50,14089,5521],{"class":101},[50,14091,89],{"class":64},[50,14093,81],{"class":68},[50,14095,11759],{"class":72},[50,14097,69],{"class":68},[50,14099,78],{"class":64},[50,14101,3016],{"class":101},[50,14103,105],{"class":64},[50,14105,14106,14109,14111],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14107,14108],{"class":56},"assigned ",[50,14110,61],{"class":60},[50,14112,12137],{"class":56},[50,14114,14115],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14116,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14118,14119,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,14120,14121],{"class":56},"assigned",[50,14123,779],{"class":64},[50,14125,69],{"class":68},[50,14127,2194],{"class":72},[50,14129,69],{"class":68},[50,14131,13281],{"class":64},[50,14133,13284],{"class":60},[50,14135,14136],{"class":101}," 99\n",[50,14138,14139],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,14140,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14142,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,14144,119],{"class":118},[50,14146,122],{"class":64},[50,14148,69],{"class":68},[50,14150,13302],{"class":72},[50,14152,69],{"class":68},[50,14154,89],{"class":64},[50,14156,12174],{"class":125},[50,14158,414],{"class":64},[50,14160,14161,14163,14165,14167,14170,14172,14174,14177],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,14162,119],{"class":118},[50,14164,122],{"class":64},[50,14166,69],{"class":68},[50,14168,14169],{"class":72},"Assigned:",[50,14171,69],{"class":68},[50,14173,89],{"class":64},[50,14175,14176],{"class":125}," assigned",[50,14178,414],{"class":64},[50,14180,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,14182,119],{"class":118},[50,14184,122],{"class":64},[50,14186,12099],{"class":125},[50,14188,12207],{"class":1622},[50,14190,14176],{"class":125},[50,14192,414],{"class":64},[20,14194,14195],{},[997,14196,2091],{},[41,14198,14200],{"className":43,"code":14199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14201,14202,14234,14267],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14203,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14205,13344],{"class":56},[50,14207,78],{"class":64},[50,14209,65],{"class":64},[50,14211,1736],{"class":68},[50,14213,2194],{"class":72},[50,14215,1736],{"class":68},[50,14217,78],{"class":64},[50,14219,10221],{"class":101},[50,14221,89],{"class":64},[50,14223,3321],{"class":68},[50,14225,11759],{"class":72},[50,14227,1736],{"class":68},[50,14229,78],{"class":64},[50,14231,3016],{"class":101},[50,14233,105],{"class":64},[50,14235,14236,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14237,14238],{"class":56},"Assigned",[50,14240,78],{"class":64},[50,14242,65],{"class":64},[50,14244,1736],{"class":68},[50,14246,2194],{"class":72},[50,14248,1736],{"class":68},[50,14250,78],{"class":64},[50,14252,10221],{"class":101},[50,14254,89],{"class":64},[50,14256,3321],{"class":68},[50,14258,11759],{"class":72},[50,14260,1736],{"class":68},[50,14262,78],{"class":64},[50,14264,3016],{"class":101},[50,14266,105],{"class":64},[50,14268,14269],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14270,4002],{"class":1494},[811,14272,8444,14274],{"id":14273},"using-copy",[15,14275,12787],{},[41,14277,14279],{"className":43,"code":14278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14280,14281,14313,14328,14332,14351,14355,14373,14393],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14282,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14284,12099],{"class":56},[50,14286,61],{"class":60},[50,14288,65],{"class":64},[50,14290,69],{"class":68},[50,14292,2194],{"class":72},[50,14294,69],{"class":68},[50,14296,78],{"class":64},[50,14298,5521],{"class":101},[50,14300,89],{"class":64},[50,14302,81],{"class":68},[50,14304,11759],{"class":72},[50,14306,69],{"class":68},[50,14308,78],{"class":64},[50,14310,3016],{"class":101},[50,14312,105],{"class":64},[50,14314,14315,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14316,14317],{"class":56},"copied ",[50,14319,61],{"class":60},[50,14321,12174],{"class":56},[50,14323,129],{"class":64},[50,14325,12920],{"class":125},[50,14327,8671],{"class":64},[50,14329,14330],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14331,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14333,14334,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,14335,14336],{"class":56},"copied",[50,14338,779],{"class":64},[50,14340,69],{"class":68},[50,14342,2194],{"class":72},[50,14344,69],{"class":68},[50,14346,13281],{"class":64},[50,14348,13284],{"class":60},[50,14350,14136],{"class":101},[50,14352,14353],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,14354,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14356,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,14358,119],{"class":118},[50,14360,122],{"class":64},[50,14362,69],{"class":68},[50,14364,13302],{"class":72},[50,14366,69],{"class":68},[50,14368,89],{"class":64},[50,14370,12174],{"class":125},[50,14372,414],{"class":64},[50,14374,14375,14377,14379,14381,14384,14386,14388,14391],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,14376,119],{"class":118},[50,14378,122],{"class":64},[50,14380,69],{"class":68},[50,14382,14383],{"class":72},"Copied:",[50,14385,69],{"class":68},[50,14387,89],{"class":64},[50,14389,14390],{"class":125}," copied",[50,14392,414],{"class":64},[50,14394,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,14396,119],{"class":118},[50,14398,122],{"class":64},[50,14400,12099],{"class":125},[50,14402,12207],{"class":1622},[50,14404,14390],{"class":125},[50,14406,414],{"class":64},[20,14408,14409],{},[997,14410,2091],{},[41,14412,14414],{"className":43,"code":14413,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14415,14416,14448,14481],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14417,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14419,13344],{"class":56},[50,14421,78],{"class":64},[50,14423,65],{"class":64},[50,14425,1736],{"class":68},[50,14427,2194],{"class":72},[50,14429,1736],{"class":68},[50,14431,78],{"class":64},[50,14433,5521],{"class":101},[50,14435,89],{"class":64},[50,14437,3321],{"class":68},[50,14439,11759],{"class":72},[50,14441,1736],{"class":68},[50,14443,78],{"class":64},[50,14445,3016],{"class":101},[50,14447,105],{"class":64},[50,14449,14450,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14451,14452],{"class":56},"Copied",[50,14454,78],{"class":64},[50,14456,65],{"class":64},[50,14458,1736],{"class":68},[50,14460,2194],{"class":72},[50,14462,1736],{"class":68},[50,14464,78],{"class":64},[50,14466,10221],{"class":101},[50,14468,89],{"class":64},[50,14470,3321],{"class":68},[50,14472,11759],{"class":72},[50,14474,1736],{"class":68},[50,14476,78],{"class":64},[50,14478,3016],{"class":101},[50,14480,105],{"class":64},[50,14482,14483],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14484,4063],{"class":1494},[20,14486,14487],{},"Summary:",[233,14489,14490,14496],{},[236,14491,14492,14495],{},[15,14493,14494],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[236,14497,14498,14501],{},[15,14499,14500],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[219,14503,14505],{"id":14504},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14507,14508,78],{},[15,14509,12787],{},[233,14511,14512,14515,14518,14521],{},[236,14513,14514],{},"Returns a dictionary",[236,14516,14517],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[236,14519,14520],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[236,14522,14523],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14525,253],{},[41,14527,14529],{"className":43,"code":14528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14530,14531,14563,14578,14582,14600,14620,14624,14642],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14532,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555,14557,14559,14561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14534,829],{"class":56},[50,14536,61],{"class":60},[50,14538,65],{"class":64},[50,14540,69],{"class":68},[50,14542,380],{"class":72},[50,14544,69],{"class":68},[50,14546,78],{"class":64},[50,14548,5521],{"class":101},[50,14550,89],{"class":64},[50,14552,81],{"class":68},[50,14554,4784],{"class":72},[50,14556,69],{"class":68},[50,14558,78],{"class":64},[50,14560,3016],{"class":101},[50,14562,105],{"class":64},[50,14564,14565,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14566,14567],{"class":56},"data_copy ",[50,14569,61],{"class":60},[50,14571,1626],{"class":56},[50,14573,129],{"class":64},[50,14575,12920],{"class":125},[50,14577,8671],{"class":64},[50,14579,14580],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14581,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14583,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,14585,776],{"class":56},[50,14587,779],{"class":64},[50,14589,69],{"class":68},[50,14591,380],{"class":72},[50,14593,69],{"class":68},[50,14595,13281],{"class":64},[50,14597,13284],{"class":60},[50,14599,2610],{"class":101},[50,14601,14602,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,14603,14604],{"class":56},"data_copy",[50,14606,779],{"class":64},[50,14608,69],{"class":68},[50,14610,4784],{"class":72},[50,14612,69],{"class":68},[50,14614,13281],{"class":64},[50,14616,13284],{"class":60},[50,14618,14619],{"class":101}," 20\n",[50,14621,14622],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,14623,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14625,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,14627,119],{"class":118},[50,14629,122],{"class":64},[50,14631,69],{"class":68},[50,14633,13302],{"class":72},[50,14635,69],{"class":68},[50,14637,89],{"class":64},[50,14639,1626],{"class":125},[50,14641,414],{"class":64},[50,14643,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14659],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,14645,119],{"class":118},[50,14647,122],{"class":64},[50,14649,69],{"class":68},[50,14651,13321],{"class":72},[50,14653,69],{"class":68},[50,14655,89],{"class":64},[50,14657,14658],{"class":125}," data_copy",[50,14660,414],{"class":64},[20,14662,14663],{},[997,14664,2091],{},[41,14666,14668],{"className":43,"code":14667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14669,14670,14702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14671,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14673,13344],{"class":56},[50,14675,78],{"class":64},[50,14677,65],{"class":64},[50,14679,1736],{"class":68},[50,14681,380],{"class":72},[50,14683,1736],{"class":68},[50,14685,78],{"class":64},[50,14687,1144],{"class":101},[50,14689,89],{"class":64},[50,14691,3321],{"class":68},[50,14693,4784],{"class":72},[50,14695,1736],{"class":68},[50,14697,78],{"class":64},[50,14699,3016],{"class":101},[50,14701,105],{"class":64},[50,14703,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14705,13381],{"class":56},[50,14707,78],{"class":64},[50,14709,65],{"class":64},[50,14711,1736],{"class":68},[50,14713,380],{"class":72},[50,14715,1736],{"class":68},[50,14717,78],{"class":64},[50,14719,5521],{"class":101},[50,14721,89],{"class":64},[50,14723,3321],{"class":68},[50,14725,4784],{"class":72},[50,14727,1736],{"class":68},[50,14729,78],{"class":64},[50,14731,7816],{"class":101},[50,14733,105],{"class":64},[219,14735,1663],{"id":1662},[20,14737,14738,14739,78],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14740,12448],{},[233,14742,14743,14750,14755,14760],{},[236,14744,8444,14745,11111,14747,14749],{},[15,14746,61],{},[15,14748,12787],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[236,14751,1686,14752,14754],{},[15,14753,12787],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[236,14756,14757,14758],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14759,12787],{},[236,14761,14762],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14764,14765],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[41,14767,14769],{"className":43,"code":14768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14770,14771,14781,14791,14805,14828,14850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14772,14773,14775,14777,14779],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14774,119],{"class":118},[50,14776,122],{"class":64},[50,14778,12146],{"class":125},[50,14780,414],{"class":64},[50,14782,14783,14785,14787,14789],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14784,119],{"class":118},[50,14786,122],{"class":64},[50,14788,14336],{"class":125},[50,14790,414],{"class":64},[50,14792,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14794,119],{"class":118},[50,14796,122],{"class":64},[50,14798,12099],{"class":125},[50,14800,12207],{"class":1622},[50,14802,14390],{"class":125},[50,14804,414],{"class":64},[50,14806,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14822,14824,14826],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,14808,119],{"class":118},[50,14810,122],{"class":64},[50,14812,12661],{"class":118},[50,14814,122],{"class":64},[50,14816,12146],{"class":125},[50,14818,9259],{"class":64},[50,14820,14821],{"class":118}," id",[50,14823,122],{"class":64},[50,14825,14336],{"class":125},[50,14827,1770],{"class":64},[50,14829,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,14831,119],{"class":118},[50,14833,122],{"class":64},[50,14835,12661],{"class":118},[50,14837,122],{"class":64},[50,14839,12146],{"class":125},[50,14841,779],{"class":64},[50,14843,69],{"class":68},[50,14845,411],{"class":72},[50,14847,69],{"class":68},[50,14849,3023],{"class":64},[50,14851,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,14853,119],{"class":118},[50,14855,122],{"class":64},[50,14857,12661],{"class":118},[50,14859,122],{"class":64},[50,14861,14336],{"class":125},[50,14863,779],{"class":64},[50,14865,69],{"class":68},[50,14867,411],{"class":72},[50,14869,69],{"class":68},[50,14871,3023],{"class":64},[20,14873,14874],{},"What these help you check:",[233,14876,14877,14880,14883],{},[236,14878,14879],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[236,14881,14882],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[236,14884,14885],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14887,14888,14889,129],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[380,14890,14892],{"href":14891},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[219,14894,1857],{"id":1856},[811,14896,1861,14898,14900],{"id":14897},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14899,12448],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14902,14903],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[811,14905,14907,14908,14910],{"id":14906},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14909,12448],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14912,14913],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[811,14915,5202,14917,1846,14919,1867],{"id":14916},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14918,12787],{},[15,14920,61],{},[20,14922,14923,14925,14926,14928],{},[15,14924,12787],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14927,61],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[811,14930,14932],{"id":14931},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14934,14935],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[219,14937,1909],{"id":1908},[233,14939,14940,14944,14948,14952,14959,14965],{},[236,14941,14942],{},[380,14943,11262],{"href":13034},[236,14945,14946],{},[380,14947,383],{"href":13031},[236,14949,14950],{},[380,14951,13798],{"href":13797},[236,14953,14954],{},[380,14955,1920,14956,1845],{"href":14038},[15,14957,14958],{},"update()",[236,14960,14961],{},[380,14962,1920,14963,1845],{"href":12834},[15,14964,11339],{},[236,14966,14967],{},[380,14968,14969],{"href":14891},"How to copy a list in Python",[1944,14971,14972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":14974},[14975,14976,14978,14979,14980,14981,14983,14989,14990,14991,15000],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":13004,"depth":108,"text":14977},"What the copy() method does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":13441,"depth":108,"text":13442},{"id":13801,"depth":108,"text":14982},"When to use copy()",{"id":14048,"depth":108,"text":14984,"children":14985},"copy() vs assignment",[14986,14987],{"id":14065,"depth":115,"text":14066},{"id":14273,"depth":115,"text":14988},"Using copy()",{"id":14504,"depth":108,"text":14505},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":14992},[14993,14995,14997,14999],{"id":14897,"depth":115,"text":14994},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14906,"depth":115,"text":14996},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14916,"depth":115,"text":14998},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14931,"depth":115,"text":14932},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12840,"description":15001},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15008,"title":15009,"body":15010,"description":17196,"extension":1981,"meta":17197,"navigation":111,"path":13034,"seo":17198,"stem":17199,"__hash__":17200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15011,"toc":17158},[15012,15015,15021,15030,15032,15108,15112,15161,15164,15168,15182,15185,15189,15202,15205,15238,15251,15254,15264,15268,15271,15279,15359,15363,15416,15420,15438,15440,15522,15525,15527,15530,15533,15556,15580,15584,15592,15595,15599,15607,15612,15670,15674,15707,15713,15719,15722,15777,15781,15831,15834,15840,15843,15851,15853,15898,15903,15912,15915,15918,15965,15967,15972,15975,16069,16073,16126,16129,16185,16188,16192,16195,16209,16213,16279,16283,16308,16311,16315,16393,16397,16400,16403,16423,16426,16479,16483,16486,16489,16502,16504,16593,16598,16601,16612,16614,16617,16637,16641,16644,16653,16656,16695,16699,16701,16710,16719,16721,16759,16763,16810,16814,16835,16839,16842,16953,16958,17056,17074,17076,17080,17087,17091,17097,17101,17104,17108,17111,17118,17126,17128,17152,17155],[10,15013,15009],{"id":15014},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15016,15017,15018,15020],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[997,15019,9161],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15022,15023,15024,2901,15026,129],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[380,15025,383],{"href":382},[380,15027,15029],{"href":15028},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[219,15031,2022],{"id":2021},[41,15033,15035],{"className":43,"code":15034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15036,15037,15045,15063,15077,15090,15094,15098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15038,15039,15041,15043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15040,263],{"class":56},[50,15042,61],{"class":60},[50,15044,11507],{"class":64},[50,15046,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15048,11512],{"class":68},[50,15050,73],{"class":72},[50,15052,69],{"class":68},[50,15054,78],{"class":64},[50,15056,81],{"class":68},[50,15058,84],{"class":72},[50,15060,69],{"class":68},[50,15062,11528],{"class":64},[50,15064,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073,15075],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15066,11512],{"class":68},[50,15068,94],{"class":72},[50,15070,69],{"class":68},[50,15072,78],{"class":64},[50,15074,7816],{"class":101},[50,15076,11528],{"class":64},[50,15078,15079,15081,15084,15086,15088],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,15080,11512],{"class":68},[50,15082,15083],{"class":72},"is_active",[50,15085,69],{"class":68},[50,15087,78],{"class":64},[50,15089,6447],{"class":1494},[50,15091,15092],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,15093,105],{"class":64},[50,15095,15096],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,15097,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15099,15100,15102,15104,15106],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,15101,119],{"class":118},[50,15103,122],{"class":64},[50,15105,311],{"class":125},[50,15107,414],{"class":64},[20,15109,15110],{},[997,15111,2091],{},[41,15113,15115],{"className":43,"code":15114,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15116,15117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15118,15119,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15120,9304],{"class":64},[50,15122,1736],{"class":68},[50,15124,73],{"class":72},[50,15126,1736],{"class":68},[50,15128,78],{"class":64},[50,15130,3321],{"class":68},[50,15132,84],{"class":72},[50,15134,1736],{"class":68},[50,15136,89],{"class":64},[50,15138,3321],{"class":68},[50,15140,94],{"class":72},[50,15142,1736],{"class":68},[50,15144,78],{"class":64},[50,15146,7816],{"class":101},[50,15148,89],{"class":64},[50,15150,3321],{"class":68},[50,15152,15083],{"class":72},[50,15154,1736],{"class":68},[50,15156,78],{"class":64},[50,15158,3938],{"class":1494},[50,15160,105],{"class":64},[20,15162,15163],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[219,15165,15167],{"id":15166},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[233,15169,15170,15173,15176,15179],{},[236,15171,15172],{},"What a dictionary is",[236,15174,15175],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[236,15177,15178],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[236,15180,15181],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[219,15183,15172],{"id":15184},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15186,9158,15187,129],{},[997,15188,9161],{},[233,15190,15191,15197],{},[236,15192,15193,15194,15196],{},"A ",[997,15195,411],{}," is the label",[236,15198,15193,15199,15201],{},[997,15200,2495],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15203,15204],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[41,15206,15208],{"className":43,"code":15207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15209,15210,15218,15234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15211,15212,15214,15216],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15213,263],{"class":56},[50,15215,61],{"class":60},[50,15217,11507],{"class":64},[50,15219,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15221,11512],{"class":68},[50,15223,73],{"class":72},[50,15225,69],{"class":68},[50,15227,78],{"class":64},[50,15229,81],{"class":68},[50,15231,84],{"class":72},[50,15233,3384],{"class":68},[50,15235,15236],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15237,105],{"class":64},[233,15239,15240,15245],{},[236,15241,15242,15244],{},[15,15243,364],{}," is the key",[236,15246,15247,15250],{},[15,15248,15249],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15252,15253],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[233,15255,15256,15258,15260,15262],{},[236,15257,73],{},[236,15259,94],{},[236,15261,347],{},[236,15263,1079],{},[219,15265,15267],{"id":15266},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15269,15270],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15272,212,15273,15275,15276,129],{},[15,15274,1240],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15277,15278],{},"key: value",[41,15280,15282],{"className":43,"code":15281,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15283,15284,15292,15310,15324,15341,15345,15349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15285,15286,15288,15290],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15287,263],{"class":56},[50,15289,61],{"class":60},[50,15291,11507],{"class":64},[50,15293,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15295,11512],{"class":68},[50,15297,73],{"class":72},[50,15299,69],{"class":68},[50,15301,78],{"class":64},[50,15303,81],{"class":68},[50,15305,84],{"class":72},[50,15307,69],{"class":68},[50,15309,11528],{"class":64},[50,15311,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15313,11512],{"class":68},[50,15315,94],{"class":72},[50,15317,69],{"class":68},[50,15319,78],{"class":64},[50,15321,7816],{"class":101},[50,15323,11528],{"class":64},[50,15325,15326,15328,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,15327,11512],{"class":68},[50,15329,15330],{"class":72},"course",[50,15332,69],{"class":68},[50,15334,78],{"class":64},[50,15336,81],{"class":68},[50,15338,7322],{"class":72},[50,15340,3384],{"class":68},[50,15342,15343],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,15344,105],{"class":64},[50,15346,15347],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,15348,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15350,15351,15353,15355,15357],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,15352,119],{"class":118},[50,15354,122],{"class":64},[50,15356,311],{"class":125},[50,15358,414],{"class":64},[20,15360,15361],{},[997,15362,2091],{},[41,15364,15366],{"className":43,"code":15365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15367,15368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15369,15370,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15382,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15371,9304],{"class":64},[50,15373,1736],{"class":68},[50,15375,73],{"class":72},[50,15377,1736],{"class":68},[50,15379,78],{"class":64},[50,15381,3321],{"class":68},[50,15383,84],{"class":72},[50,15385,1736],{"class":68},[50,15387,89],{"class":64},[50,15389,3321],{"class":68},[50,15391,94],{"class":72},[50,15393,1736],{"class":68},[50,15395,78],{"class":64},[50,15397,7816],{"class":101},[50,15399,89],{"class":64},[50,15401,3321],{"class":68},[50,15403,15330],{"class":72},[50,15405,1736],{"class":68},[50,15407,78],{"class":64},[50,15409,3321],{"class":68},[50,15411,7322],{"class":72},[50,15413,1736],{"class":68},[50,15415,105],{"class":64},[811,15417,15419],{"id":15418},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[233,15421,15422,15427,15432,15435],{},[236,15423,212,15424,15426],{},[15,15425,1240],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[236,15428,15429,15430],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15431,15278],{},[236,15433,15434],{},"Separate items with commas",[236,15436,15437],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15439,253],{},[41,15441,15443],{"className":43,"code":15442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15444,15445,15454,15474,15490,15503,15507,15511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15446,15447,15450,15452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15448,15449],{"class":56},"book ",[50,15451,61],{"class":60},[50,15453,11507],{"class":64},[50,15455,15456,15458,15461,15463,15465,15467,15470,15472],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15457,11512],{"class":68},[50,15459,15460],{"class":72},"title",[50,15462,69],{"class":68},[50,15464,78],{"class":64},[50,15466,81],{"class":68},[50,15468,15469],{"class":72},"Python Basics",[50,15471,69],{"class":68},[50,15473,11528],{"class":64},[50,15475,15476,15478,15481,15483,15485,15488],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15477,11512],{"class":68},[50,15479,15480],{"class":72},"pages",[50,15482,69],{"class":68},[50,15484,78],{"class":64},[50,15486,15487],{"class":101}," 150",[50,15489,11528],{"class":64},[50,15491,15492,15494,15497,15499,15501],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,15493,11512],{"class":68},[50,15495,15496],{"class":72},"available",[50,15498,69],{"class":68},[50,15500,78],{"class":64},[50,15502,6447],{"class":1494},[50,15504,15505],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,15506,105],{"class":64},[50,15508,15509],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,15510,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15512,15513,15515,15517,15520],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,15514,119],{"class":118},[50,15516,122],{"class":64},[50,15518,15519],{"class":125},"book",[50,15521,414],{"class":64},[20,15523,15524],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[219,15526,9426],{"id":9425},[20,15528,15529],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15531,15532],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[41,15534,15536],{"className":43,"code":15535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15537,15538,15546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15539,15540,15542,15544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15541,829],{"class":56},[50,15543,61],{"class":60},[50,15545,9862],{"class":64},[50,15547,15548,15550,15552,15554],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15549,119],{"class":118},[50,15551,122],{"class":64},[50,15553,776],{"class":125},[50,15555,414],{"class":64},[41,15557,15558],{"className":43,"code":9429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,15559,15560,15570],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15561,15562,15564,15566,15568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15563,829],{"class":56},[50,15565,61],{"class":60},[50,15567,9197],{"class":1779},[50,15569,8671],{"class":64},[50,15571,15572,15574,15576,15578],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15573,119],{"class":118},[50,15575,122],{"class":64},[50,15577,776],{"class":125},[50,15579,414],{"class":64},[20,15581,15582],{},[997,15583,2091],{},[41,15585,15586],{"className":43,"code":9458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,15587,15588],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15589,15590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15591,9458],{"class":64},[20,15593,15594],{},"Both are correct.",[811,15596,15598],{"id":15597},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15600,15601,15603,15604,15606],{},[15,15602,1240],{}," creates an empty ",[997,15605,402],{},", not an empty set.",[20,15608,15609,15610,129],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15611,3822],{},[41,15613,15615],{"className":43,"code":15614,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15616,15617,15625,15637,15641,15655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15618,15619,15621,15623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15620,11738],{"class":56},[50,15622,61],{"class":60},[50,15624,9862],{"class":64},[50,15626,15627,15630,15632,15635],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15628,15629],{"class":56},"my_set ",[50,15631,61],{"class":60},[50,15633,15634],{"class":1779}," set",[50,15636,8671],{"class":64},[50,15638,15639],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15640,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15642,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,15644,119],{"class":118},[50,15646,122],{"class":64},[50,15648,1780],{"class":1779},[50,15650,122],{"class":64},[50,15652,1709],{"class":125},[50,15654,1770],{"class":64},[50,15656,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15668],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,15658,119],{"class":118},[50,15660,122],{"class":64},[50,15662,1780],{"class":1779},[50,15664,122],{"class":64},[50,15666,15667],{"class":125},"my_set",[50,15669,1770],{"class":64},[20,15671,15672],{},[997,15673,2091],{},[41,15675,15677],{"className":43,"code":15676,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15678,15679,15693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15680,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15682,3315],{"class":60},[50,15684,3318],{"class":2085},[50,15686,3321],{"class":68},[50,15688,8850],{"class":72},[50,15690,1736],{"class":68},[50,15692,3328],{"class":60},[50,15694,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15696,3315],{"class":60},[50,15698,3318],{"class":2085},[50,15700,3321],{"class":68},[50,15702,6311],{"class":72},[50,15704,1736],{"class":68},[50,15706,3328],{"class":60},[219,15708,15710,15711],{"id":15709},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15712,9149],{},[20,15714,15715,15716,15718],{},"You can also use ",[15,15717,9149],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15720,15721],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[41,15723,15725],{"className":43,"code":15724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15726,15727,15767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15728,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15756,15758,15761,15763,15765],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15730,263],{"class":56},[50,15732,61],{"class":60},[50,15734,9197],{"class":1779},[50,15736,122],{"class":64},[50,15738,73],{"class":9202},[50,15740,61],{"class":60},[50,15742,69],{"class":68},[50,15744,84],{"class":72},[50,15746,69],{"class":68},[50,15748,89],{"class":64},[50,15750,9215],{"class":9202},[50,15752,61],{"class":60},[50,15754,15755],{"class":101},"20",[50,15757,89],{"class":64},[50,15759,15760],{"class":9202}," active",[50,15762,61],{"class":60},[50,15764,3632],{"class":1494},[50,15766,414],{"class":64},[50,15768,15769,15771,15773,15775],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15770,119],{"class":118},[50,15772,122],{"class":64},[50,15774,311],{"class":125},[50,15776,414],{"class":64},[20,15778,15779],{},[997,15780,2091],{},[41,15782,15784],{"className":43,"code":15783,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15785,15786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15787,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15823,15825,15827,15829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15789,9304],{"class":64},[50,15791,1736],{"class":68},[50,15793,73],{"class":72},[50,15795,1736],{"class":68},[50,15797,78],{"class":64},[50,15799,3321],{"class":68},[50,15801,84],{"class":72},[50,15803,1736],{"class":68},[50,15805,89],{"class":64},[50,15807,3321],{"class":68},[50,15809,94],{"class":72},[50,15811,1736],{"class":68},[50,15813,78],{"class":64},[50,15815,7816],{"class":101},[50,15817,89],{"class":64},[50,15819,3321],{"class":68},[50,15821,15822],{"class":72},"active",[50,15824,1736],{"class":68},[50,15826,78],{"class":64},[50,15828,3938],{"class":1494},[50,15830,105],{"class":64},[20,15832,15833],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[811,15835,15837,15838],{"id":15836},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15839,9149],{},[20,15841,15842],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[233,15844,15845,15848],{},[236,15846,15847],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[236,15849,15850],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15852,6713],{},[41,15854,15856],{"className":43,"code":15855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15857,15858,15888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15859,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15861,618],{"class":56},[50,15863,61],{"class":60},[50,15865,9197],{"class":1779},[50,15867,122],{"class":64},[50,15869,73],{"class":9202},[50,15871,61],{"class":60},[50,15873,69],{"class":68},[50,15875,7702],{"class":72},[50,15877,69],{"class":68},[50,15879,89],{"class":64},[50,15881,9215],{"class":9202},[50,15883,61],{"class":60},[50,15885,9220],{"class":101},[50,15887,414],{"class":64},[50,15889,15890,15892,15894,15896],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15891,119],{"class":118},[50,15893,122],{"class":64},[50,15895,670],{"class":125},[50,15897,414],{"class":64},[20,15899,4652,15900,15902],{},[997,15901,1262],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[41,15904,15906],{"className":43,"code":15905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15907,15908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15909,15910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15911,15905],{"class":146},[20,15913,15914],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15916,15917],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[41,15919,15921],{"className":43,"code":15920,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15922,15923,15931,15947,15951,15955],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15924,15925,15927,15929],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15926,618],{"class":56},[50,15928,61],{"class":60},[50,15930,11507],{"class":64},[50,15932,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15934,11512],{"class":68},[50,15936,10518],{"class":72},[50,15938,69],{"class":68},[50,15940,78],{"class":64},[50,15942,81],{"class":68},[50,15944,7702],{"class":72},[50,15946,3384],{"class":68},[50,15948,15949],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15950,105],{"class":64},[50,15952,15953],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,15954,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15956,15957,15959,15961,15963],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,15958,119],{"class":118},[50,15960,122],{"class":64},[50,15962,670],{"class":125},[50,15964,414],{"class":64},[219,15966,9468],{"id":9467},[20,15968,15969,15971],{},[15,15970,9149],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15973,15974],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[41,15976,15978],{"className":43,"code":15977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15979,15980,16037,16041,16055,16059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15981,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16033,16035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15983,9241],{"class":56},[50,15985,61],{"class":60},[50,15987,9246],{"class":64},[50,15989,69],{"class":68},[50,15991,73],{"class":72},[50,15993,69],{"class":68},[50,15995,89],{"class":64},[50,15997,81],{"class":68},[50,15999,84],{"class":72},[50,16001,69],{"class":68},[50,16003,9259],{"class":64},[50,16005,9262],{"class":64},[50,16007,69],{"class":68},[50,16009,94],{"class":72},[50,16011,69],{"class":68},[50,16013,89],{"class":64},[50,16015,7816],{"class":101},[50,16017,9259],{"class":64},[50,16019,9262],{"class":64},[50,16021,69],{"class":68},[50,16023,167],{"class":72},[50,16025,69],{"class":68},[50,16027,89],{"class":64},[50,16029,81],{"class":68},[50,16031,16032],{"class":72},"Lima",[50,16034,69],{"class":68},[50,16036,9275],{"class":64},[50,16038,16039],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16040,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16042,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16044,263],{"class":56},[50,16046,61],{"class":60},[50,16048,9197],{"class":1779},[50,16050,122],{"class":64},[50,16052,9288],{"class":125},[50,16054,414],{"class":64},[50,16056,16057],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,16058,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16060,16061,16063,16065,16067],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,16062,119],{"class":118},[50,16064,122],{"class":64},[50,16066,311],{"class":125},[50,16068,414],{"class":64},[20,16070,16071],{},[997,16072,2091],{},[41,16074,16076],{"className":43,"code":16075,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16077,16078],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16079,16080,16082,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16081,9304],{"class":64},[50,16083,1736],{"class":68},[50,16085,73],{"class":72},[50,16087,1736],{"class":68},[50,16089,78],{"class":64},[50,16091,3321],{"class":68},[50,16093,84],{"class":72},[50,16095,1736],{"class":68},[50,16097,89],{"class":64},[50,16099,3321],{"class":68},[50,16101,94],{"class":72},[50,16103,1736],{"class":68},[50,16105,78],{"class":64},[50,16107,7816],{"class":101},[50,16109,89],{"class":64},[50,16111,3321],{"class":68},[50,16113,167],{"class":72},[50,16115,1736],{"class":68},[50,16117,78],{"class":64},[50,16119,3321],{"class":68},[50,16121,16032],{"class":72},[50,16123,1736],{"class":68},[50,16125,105],{"class":64},[20,16127,16128],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[41,16130,16132],{"className":43,"code":16131,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16133,16134,16175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16135,16136,16138,16140,16142,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16137,263],{"class":56},[50,16139,61],{"class":60},[50,16141,9197],{"class":1779},[50,16143,16144],{"class":64},"(((",[50,16146,69],{"class":68},[50,16148,73],{"class":72},[50,16150,69],{"class":68},[50,16152,89],{"class":64},[50,16154,81],{"class":68},[50,16156,84],{"class":72},[50,16158,69],{"class":68},[50,16160,9259],{"class":64},[50,16162,9262],{"class":64},[50,16164,69],{"class":68},[50,16166,94],{"class":72},[50,16168,69],{"class":68},[50,16170,89],{"class":64},[50,16172,7816],{"class":101},[50,16174,1799],{"class":64},[50,16176,16177,16179,16181,16183],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16178,119],{"class":118},[50,16180,122],{"class":64},[50,16182,311],{"class":125},[50,16184,414],{"class":64},[20,16186,16187],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[219,16189,16191],{"id":16190},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16193,16194],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[233,16196,16197,16200,16203,16206],{},[236,16198,16199],{},"Keys must be unique",[236,16201,16202],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[236,16204,16205],{},"Values can repeat",[236,16207,16208],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[811,16210,16212],{"id":16211},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[41,16214,16216],{"className":43,"code":16215,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16217,16218,16226,16244,16261,16265,16269],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16219,16220,16222,16224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16221,829],{"class":56},[50,16223,61],{"class":60},[50,16225,11507],{"class":64},[50,16227,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16229,11512],{"class":68},[50,16231,73],{"class":72},[50,16233,69],{"class":68},[50,16235,78],{"class":64},[50,16237,81],{"class":68},[50,16239,84],{"class":72},[50,16241,69],{"class":68},[50,16243,11528],{"class":64},[50,16245,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16259],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16247,11512],{"class":68},[50,16249,73],{"class":72},[50,16251,69],{"class":68},[50,16253,78],{"class":64},[50,16255,81],{"class":68},[50,16257,16258],{"class":72},"Maria",[50,16260,3384],{"class":68},[50,16262,16263],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,16264,105],{"class":64},[50,16266,16267],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,16268,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16270,16271,16273,16275,16277],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,16272,119],{"class":118},[50,16274,122],{"class":64},[50,16276,776],{"class":125},[50,16278,414],{"class":64},[20,16280,16281],{},[997,16282,2091],{},[41,16284,16286],{"className":43,"code":16285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16287,16288],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16289,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16291,9304],{"class":64},[50,16293,1736],{"class":68},[50,16295,73],{"class":72},[50,16297,1736],{"class":68},[50,16299,78],{"class":64},[50,16301,3321],{"class":68},[50,16303,16258],{"class":72},[50,16305,1736],{"class":68},[50,16307,105],{"class":64},[20,16309,16310],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[811,16312,16314],{"id":16313},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[41,16316,16318],{"className":43,"code":16317,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16319,16320,16328,16344,16360,16374,16378,16382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16321,16322,16324,16326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16323,1128],{"class":56},[50,16325,61],{"class":60},[50,16327,11507],{"class":64},[50,16329,16330,16333,16335,16337,16340,16342],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16331,16332],{"class":101},"    1",[50,16334,78],{"class":64},[50,16336,81],{"class":68},[50,16338,16339],{"class":72},"low",[50,16341,69],{"class":68},[50,16343,11528],{"class":64},[50,16345,16346,16349,16351,16353,16356,16358],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16347,16348],{"class":101},"    2",[50,16350,78],{"class":64},[50,16352,81],{"class":68},[50,16354,16355],{"class":72},"medium",[50,16357,69],{"class":68},[50,16359,11528],{"class":64},[50,16361,16362,16365,16367,16369,16372],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,16363,16364],{"class":101},"    3",[50,16366,78],{"class":64},[50,16368,81],{"class":68},[50,16370,16371],{"class":72},"high",[50,16373,3384],{"class":68},[50,16375,16376],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,16377,105],{"class":64},[50,16379,16380],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,16381,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16383,16384,16386,16388,16391],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,16385,119],{"class":118},[50,16387,122],{"class":64},[50,16389,16390],{"class":125},"scores",[50,16392,414],{"class":64},[811,16394,16396],{"id":16395},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16398,16399],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16401,16402],{},"This will cause an error:",[41,16404,16406],{"className":43,"code":16405,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16407,16408,16413,16418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16409,16410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16411,16412],{"class":146},"# bad = {\n",[50,16414,16415],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16416,16417],{"class":146},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[50,16419,16420],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16421,16422],{"class":146},"# }\n",[20,16424,16425],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[41,16427,16429],{"className":43,"code":16428,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16430,16431,16440,16460,16464,16468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16432,16433,16436,16438],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16434,16435],{"class":56},"good ",[50,16437,61],{"class":60},[50,16439,11507],{"class":64},[50,16441,16442,16445,16447,16449,16451,16454,16456,16458],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16443,16444],{"class":64},"    (",[50,16446,3011],{"class":101},[50,16448,89],{"class":64},[50,16450,3016],{"class":101},[50,16452,16453],{"class":64},"):",[50,16455,81],{"class":68},[50,16457,3678],{"class":72},[50,16459,3384],{"class":68},[50,16461,16462],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16463,105],{"class":64},[50,16465,16466],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,16467,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16469,16470,16472,16474,16477],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,16471,119],{"class":118},[50,16473,122],{"class":64},[50,16475,16476],{"class":125},"good",[50,16478,414],{"class":64},[219,16480,16482],{"id":16481},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16484,16485],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16487,16488],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[233,16490,16491,16494,16496,16499],{},[236,16492,16493],{},"user data",[236,16495,501],{},[236,16497,16498],{},"counters",[236,16500,16501],{},"lookups",[20,16503,253],{},[41,16505,16507],{"className":43,"code":16506,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16508,16509,16517,16536,16555,16567,16571,16575],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16510,16511,16513,16515],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16512,618],{"class":56},[50,16514,61],{"class":60},[50,16516,11507],{"class":64},[50,16518,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529,16532,16534],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16520,11512],{"class":68},[50,16522,627],{"class":72},[50,16524,69],{"class":68},[50,16526,78],{"class":64},[50,16528,81],{"class":68},[50,16530,16531],{"class":72},"ana123",[50,16533,69],{"class":68},[50,16535,11528],{"class":64},[50,16537,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16551,16553],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16539,11512],{"class":68},[50,16541,347],{"class":72},[50,16543,69],{"class":68},[50,16545,78],{"class":64},[50,16547,81],{"class":68},[50,16549,16550],{"class":72},"ana@example.com",[50,16552,69],{"class":68},[50,16554,11528],{"class":64},[50,16556,16557,16559,16561,16563,16565],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,16558,11512],{"class":68},[50,16560,12526],{"class":72},[50,16562,69],{"class":68},[50,16564,78],{"class":64},[50,16566,6447],{"class":1494},[50,16568,16569],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,16570,105],{"class":64},[50,16572,16573],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,16574,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16576,16577,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587,16589,16591],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,16578,119],{"class":118},[50,16580,122],{"class":64},[50,16582,670],{"class":125},[50,16584,779],{"class":64},[50,16586,69],{"class":68},[50,16588,347],{"class":72},[50,16590,69],{"class":68},[50,16592,3911],{"class":64},[20,16594,16595,16596,129],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[380,16597,757],{"href":756},[20,16599,16600],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[233,16602,16603,16606,16609],{},[236,16604,16605],{},"labels are not needed",[236,16607,16608],{},"you mostly care about position",[236,16610,16611],{},"order matters more than named fields",[219,16613,1663],{"id":1662},[20,16615,16616],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[233,16618,16619,16622,16625,16628,16631],{},[236,16620,16621],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[236,16623,16624],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[236,16626,16627],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[236,16629,16630],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[236,16632,16633,16634,16636],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16635,1240],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[811,16638,16640],{"id":16639},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16642,16643],{},"Wrong:",[41,16645,16647],{"className":43,"code":16646,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16648,16649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16650,16651],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16652,16646],{"class":146},[20,16654,16655],{},"Correct:",[41,16657,16659],{"className":43,"code":16658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16660,16661,16685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16662,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677,16679,16681,16683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16664,263],{"class":56},[50,16666,61],{"class":60},[50,16668,65],{"class":64},[50,16670,69],{"class":68},[50,16672,73],{"class":72},[50,16674,69],{"class":68},[50,16676,78],{"class":64},[50,16678,81],{"class":68},[50,16680,84],{"class":72},[50,16682,69],{"class":68},[50,16684,105],{"class":64},[50,16686,16687,16689,16691,16693],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16688,119],{"class":118},[50,16690,122],{"class":64},[50,16692,311],{"class":125},[50,16694,414],{"class":64},[811,16696,16698],{"id":16697},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16700,16643],{},[41,16702,16704],{"className":43,"code":16703,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16705,16706],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16707,16708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16709,16703],{"class":146},[20,16711,16712,16713,16715,16716,16718],{},"This only works if ",[15,16714,73],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16717,364],{},", use quotes.",[20,16720,16655],{},[41,16722,16723],{"className":43,"code":16658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,16724,16725,16749],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16726,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16728,263],{"class":56},[50,16730,61],{"class":60},[50,16732,65],{"class":64},[50,16734,69],{"class":68},[50,16736,73],{"class":72},[50,16738,69],{"class":68},[50,16740,78],{"class":64},[50,16742,81],{"class":68},[50,16744,84],{"class":72},[50,16746,69],{"class":68},[50,16748,105],{"class":64},[50,16750,16751,16753,16755,16757],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16752,119],{"class":118},[50,16754,122],{"class":64},[50,16756,311],{"class":125},[50,16758,414],{"class":64},[811,16760,16762],{"id":16761},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[41,16764,16766],{"className":43,"code":16765,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16767,16768,16800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16769,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16771,829],{"class":56},[50,16773,61],{"class":60},[50,16775,65],{"class":64},[50,16777,69],{"class":68},[50,16779,94],{"class":72},[50,16781,69],{"class":68},[50,16783,78],{"class":64},[50,16785,7816],{"class":101},[50,16787,89],{"class":64},[50,16789,81],{"class":68},[50,16791,94],{"class":72},[50,16793,69],{"class":68},[50,16795,78],{"class":64},[50,16797,7821],{"class":101},[50,16799,105],{"class":64},[50,16801,16802,16804,16806,16808],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16803,119],{"class":118},[50,16805,122],{"class":64},[50,16807,776],{"class":125},[50,16809,414],{"class":64},[20,16811,16812],{},[997,16813,2091],{},[41,16815,16817],{"className":43,"code":16816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16818,16819],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16820,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831,16833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16822,9304],{"class":64},[50,16824,1736],{"class":68},[50,16826,94],{"class":72},[50,16828,1736],{"class":68},[50,16830,78],{"class":64},[50,16832,7821],{"class":101},[50,16834,105],{"class":64},[219,16836,16838],{"id":16837},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16840,16841],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[41,16843,16845],{"className":43,"code":16844,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16846,16847,16883,16887,16897,16911,16925,16939],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16848,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16850,11738],{"class":56},[50,16852,61],{"class":60},[50,16854,65],{"class":64},[50,16856,69],{"class":68},[50,16858,73],{"class":72},[50,16860,69],{"class":68},[50,16862,78],{"class":64},[50,16864,81],{"class":68},[50,16866,84],{"class":72},[50,16868,69],{"class":68},[50,16870,89],{"class":64},[50,16872,81],{"class":68},[50,16874,94],{"class":72},[50,16876,69],{"class":68},[50,16878,78],{"class":64},[50,16880,7816],{"class":101},[50,16882,105],{"class":64},[50,16884,16885],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16886,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16888,16889,16891,16893,16895],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16890,119],{"class":118},[50,16892,122],{"class":64},[50,16894,1709],{"class":125},[50,16896,414],{"class":64},[50,16898,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,16900,119],{"class":118},[50,16902,122],{"class":64},[50,16904,1780],{"class":1779},[50,16906,122],{"class":64},[50,16908,1709],{"class":125},[50,16910,1770],{"class":64},[50,16912,16913,16915,16917,16919,16921,16923],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,16914,119],{"class":118},[50,16916,122],{"class":64},[50,16918,1709],{"class":125},[50,16920,129],{"class":64},[50,16922,1724],{"class":125},[50,16924,1727],{"class":64},[50,16926,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,16928,119],{"class":118},[50,16930,122],{"class":64},[50,16932,1709],{"class":125},[50,16934,129],{"class":64},[50,16936,5382],{"class":125},[50,16938,1727],{"class":64},[50,16940,16941,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,16942,119],{"class":118},[50,16944,122],{"class":64},[50,16946,11181],{"class":118},[50,16948,122],{"class":64},[50,16950,1709],{"class":125},[50,16952,1770],{"class":64},[20,16954,16955],{},[997,16956,16957],{},"Example output:",[41,16959,16961],{"className":43,"code":16960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16962,16963,16995,17009,17032,17051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16964,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989,16991,16993],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16966,9304],{"class":64},[50,16968,1736],{"class":68},[50,16970,73],{"class":72},[50,16972,1736],{"class":68},[50,16974,78],{"class":64},[50,16976,3321],{"class":68},[50,16978,84],{"class":72},[50,16980,1736],{"class":68},[50,16982,89],{"class":64},[50,16984,3321],{"class":68},[50,16986,94],{"class":72},[50,16988,1736],{"class":68},[50,16990,78],{"class":64},[50,16992,7816],{"class":101},[50,16994,105],{"class":64},[50,16996,16997,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16998,3315],{"class":60},[50,17000,3318],{"class":2085},[50,17002,3321],{"class":68},[50,17004,8850],{"class":72},[50,17006,1736],{"class":68},[50,17008,3328],{"class":60},[50,17010,17011,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17012,17013],{"class":125},"dict_keys",[50,17015,3008],{"class":64},[50,17017,1736],{"class":68},[50,17019,73],{"class":72},[50,17021,1736],{"class":68},[50,17023,89],{"class":64},[50,17025,3321],{"class":68},[50,17027,94],{"class":72},[50,17029,1736],{"class":68},[50,17031,3911],{"class":64},[50,17033,17034,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,17035,17036],{"class":125},"dict_values",[50,17038,3008],{"class":64},[50,17040,1736],{"class":68},[50,17042,84],{"class":72},[50,17044,1736],{"class":68},[50,17046,89],{"class":64},[50,17048,7816],{"class":101},[50,17050,3911],{"class":64},[50,17052,17053],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,17054,17055],{"class":101},"2\n",[20,17057,17058,17059,32,17063,17069,17070,129],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[380,17060,1920,17061],{"href":1840},[15,17062,1844],{},[380,17064,1920,17066],{"href":17065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17067,17068],{},"values()",", and ",[380,17071,1920,17072],{"href":1849},[15,17073,1852],{},[219,17075,1857],{"id":1856},[811,17077,17079],{"id":17078},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17081,212,17082,2901,17084,17086],{},[15,17083,1240],{},[15,17085,9149],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[811,17088,17090],{"id":17089},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17092,17093,17094,129],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17095,17096],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[811,17098,17100],{"id":17099},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17102,17103],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[811,17105,17107],{"id":17106},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17109,17110],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[811,17112,5202,17114,1846,17116,1867],{"id":17113},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17115,1240],{},[15,17117,9149],{},[20,17119,17120,17122,17123,17125],{},[15,17121,1240],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17124,9149],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[219,17127,1909],{"id":1908},[233,17129,17130,17134,17140,17144,17148],{},[236,17131,17132],{},[380,17133,383],{"href":382},[236,17135,17136],{},[380,17137,1920,17138,1845],{"href":10758},[15,17139,17],{},[236,17141,17142],{},[380,17143,11271],{"href":10753},[236,17145,17146],{},[380,17147,1933],{"href":1658},[236,17149,17150],{},[380,17151,1014],{"href":1013},[20,17153,17154],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1944,17156,17157],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":17159},[17160,17161,17162,17163,17166,17169,17174,17175,17180,17181,17186,17187,17195],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":15166,"depth":108,"text":15167},{"id":15184,"depth":108,"text":15172},{"id":15266,"depth":108,"text":15267,"children":17164},[17165],{"id":15418,"depth":115,"text":15419},{"id":9425,"depth":108,"text":9426,"children":17167},[17168],{"id":15597,"depth":115,"text":15598},{"id":15709,"depth":108,"text":17170,"children":17171},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17172],{"id":15836,"depth":115,"text":17173},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9467,"depth":108,"text":9468},{"id":16190,"depth":108,"text":16191,"children":17176},[17177,17178,17179],{"id":16211,"depth":115,"text":16212},{"id":16313,"depth":115,"text":16314},{"id":16395,"depth":115,"text":16396},{"id":16481,"depth":108,"text":16482},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":17182},[17183,17184,17185],{"id":16639,"depth":115,"text":16640},{"id":16697,"depth":115,"text":16698},{"id":16761,"depth":115,"text":16762},{"id":16837,"depth":108,"text":16838},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":17188},[17189,17190,17191,17192,17193],{"id":17078,"depth":115,"text":17079},{"id":17089,"depth":115,"text":17090},{"id":17099,"depth":115,"text":17100},{"id":17106,"depth":115,"text":17107},{"id":17113,"depth":115,"text":17194},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15009,"description":17196},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17202,"title":17203,"body":17204,"description":19650,"extension":1981,"meta":19651,"navigation":111,"path":19652,"seo":19653,"stem":19654,"__hash__":19655},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17205,"toc":19606},[17206,17212,17218,17221,17224,17226,17307,17313,17318,17322,17340,17352,17357,17361,17384,17388,17400,17408,17412,17418,17420,17423,17498,17500,17545,17547,17564,17569,17575,17580,17654,17656,17701,17704,17715,17717,17836,17838,17891,17898,17902,17905,17922,17928,17932,18030,18032,18084,18091,18095,18101,18104,18107,18134,18139,18143,18146,18250,18252,18297,18300,18303,18308,18313,18324,18326,18387,18444,18450,18458,18464,18469,18474,18534,18538,18605,18608,18612,18683,18685,18698,18705,18707,18711,18715,18786,18788,18825,18828,18831,18894,18901,18904,18946,18956,18959,19028,19034,19039,19123,19125,19174,19181,19187,19232,19234,19267,19272,19276,19282,19321,19365,19433,19476,19478,19484,19487,19491,19496,19500,19503,19507,19509,19570,19572,19598,19603],[10,17207,13,17209,18],{"id":17208},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17210,17211],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17213,17214,17217],{},[15,17215,17216],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17219,17220],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17222,17223],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[219,17225,2022],{"id":2021},[41,17227,17229],{"className":43,"code":17228,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17230,17231,17264,17292,17302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17232,17233,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17234,17235],{"class":56},"keys ",[50,17237,61],{"class":60},[50,17239,3652],{"class":64},[50,17241,69],{"class":68},[50,17243,73],{"class":72},[50,17245,69],{"class":68},[50,17247,89],{"class":64},[50,17249,81],{"class":68},[50,17251,94],{"class":72},[50,17253,69],{"class":68},[50,17255,89],{"class":64},[50,17257,81],{"class":68},[50,17259,167],{"class":72},[50,17261,69],{"class":68},[50,17263,788],{"class":64},[50,17265,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17288,17290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17267,57],{"class":56},[50,17269,61],{"class":60},[50,17271,9197],{"class":1779},[50,17273,129],{"class":64},[50,17275,17276],{"class":125},"fromkeys",[50,17278,122],{"class":64},[50,17280,1724],{"class":125},[50,17282,89],{"class":64},[50,17284,81],{"class":68},[50,17286,17287],{"class":72},"unknown",[50,17289,69],{"class":68},[50,17291,414],{"class":64},[50,17293,17294,17296,17298,17300],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17295,119],{"class":118},[50,17297,122],{"class":64},[50,17299,126],{"class":125},[50,17301,414],{"class":64},[50,17303,17304],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,17305,17306],{"class":146},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17308,212,17309,17312],{},[15,17310,17311],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[219,17314,222,17316,225],{"id":17315},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17317,17216],{},[20,17319,17320,78],{},[15,17321,17216],{},[233,17323,17324,17327,17330,17333],{},[236,17325,17326],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[236,17328,17329],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[236,17331,17332],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[236,17334,17335,17336,17339],{},"Is called as ",[15,17337,17338],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17341,17342,17343,17345,17346,17348,17349,129],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17344,8850],{},", so you write ",[15,17347,17338],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17350,17351],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17353,17354,17355,129],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[380,17356,383],{"href":13031},[219,17358,17360],{"id":17359},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[41,17362,17364],{"className":43,"code":17363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17365,17366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17367,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17369,8850],{"class":1779},[50,17371,129],{"class":64},[50,17373,17276],{"class":125},[50,17375,122],{"class":64},[50,17377,3748],{"class":125},[50,17379,89],{"class":64},[50,17381,8460],{"class":125},[50,17383,414],{"class":64},[811,17385,17387],{"id":17386},"parameters","Parameters",[233,17389,17390,17395],{},[236,17391,17392,17394],{},[15,17393,3748],{},": the keys to use",[236,17396,17397,17399],{},[15,17398,2495],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17401,17402,17403,17405,17406,129],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17404,2495],{},", each key gets ",[15,17407,38],{},[811,17409,17411],{"id":17410},"return-value","Return value",[20,17413,17414,17415,129],{},"It returns a ",[997,17416,17417],{},"new dictionary",[219,17419,5811],{"id":5810},[20,17421,17422],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[41,17424,17426],{"className":43,"code":17425,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17427,17428,17461,17483,17487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17429,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17431,17235],{"class":56},[50,17433,61],{"class":60},[50,17435,3652],{"class":64},[50,17437,69],{"class":68},[50,17439,13101],{"class":72},[50,17441,69],{"class":68},[50,17443,89],{"class":64},[50,17445,81],{"class":68},[50,17447,17448],{"class":72},"green",[50,17450,69],{"class":68},[50,17452,89],{"class":64},[50,17454,81],{"class":68},[50,17456,13118],{"class":72},[50,17458,69],{"class":68},[50,17460,788],{"class":64},[50,17462,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17464,13084],{"class":56},[50,17466,61],{"class":60},[50,17468,9197],{"class":1779},[50,17470,129],{"class":64},[50,17472,17276],{"class":125},[50,17474,122],{"class":64},[50,17476,1724],{"class":125},[50,17478,89],{"class":64},[50,17480,1192],{"class":101},[50,17482,414],{"class":64},[50,17484,17485],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17486,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17488,17489,17491,17493,17496],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,17490,119],{"class":118},[50,17492,122],{"class":64},[50,17494,17495],{"class":125},"colors",[50,17497,414],{"class":64},[20,17499,2091],{},[41,17501,17503],{"className":43,"code":17502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17504,17505],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17506,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17508,9304],{"class":64},[50,17510,1736],{"class":68},[50,17512,13101],{"class":72},[50,17514,1736],{"class":68},[50,17516,78],{"class":64},[50,17518,1192],{"class":101},[50,17520,89],{"class":64},[50,17522,3321],{"class":68},[50,17524,17448],{"class":72},[50,17526,1736],{"class":68},[50,17528,78],{"class":64},[50,17530,1192],{"class":101},[50,17532,89],{"class":64},[50,17534,3321],{"class":68},[50,17536,13118],{"class":72},[50,17538,1736],{"class":68},[50,17540,78],{"class":64},[50,17542,1192],{"class":101},[50,17544,105],{"class":64},[20,17546,11697],{},[233,17548,17549,17554,17559],{},[236,17550,17551,17553],{},[15,17552,1724],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[236,17555,17556,17558],{},[15,17557,1215],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[236,17560,17561,17563],{},[15,17562,17216],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17565,17566,17567,129],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[380,17568,9415],{"href":13034},[219,17570,8444,17572,17574],{"id":17571},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17573,17211],{}," without a value",[20,17576,17577,17578,129],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17579,38],{},[41,17581,17583],{"className":43,"code":17582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17584,17585,17619,17639,17643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17586,17587,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17615,17617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17588,17589],{"class":56},"fields ",[50,17591,61],{"class":60},[50,17593,3652],{"class":64},[50,17595,69],{"class":68},[50,17597,627],{"class":72},[50,17599,69],{"class":68},[50,17601,89],{"class":64},[50,17603,81],{"class":68},[50,17605,347],{"class":72},[50,17607,69],{"class":68},[50,17609,89],{"class":64},[50,17611,81],{"class":68},[50,17613,17614],{"class":72},"password",[50,17616,69],{"class":68},[50,17618,788],{"class":64},[50,17620,17621,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17637],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17622,17623],{"class":56},"user_data ",[50,17625,61],{"class":60},[50,17627,9197],{"class":1779},[50,17629,129],{"class":64},[50,17631,17276],{"class":125},[50,17633,122],{"class":64},[50,17635,17636],{"class":125},"fields",[50,17638,414],{"class":64},[50,17640,17641],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17642,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17644,17645,17647,17649,17652],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,17646,119],{"class":118},[50,17648,122],{"class":64},[50,17650,17651],{"class":125},"user_data",[50,17653,414],{"class":64},[20,17655,2091],{},[41,17657,17659],{"className":43,"code":17658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17660,17661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17662,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17664,9304],{"class":64},[50,17666,1736],{"class":68},[50,17668,627],{"class":72},[50,17670,1736],{"class":68},[50,17672,78],{"class":64},[50,17674,1495],{"class":1494},[50,17676,89],{"class":64},[50,17678,3321],{"class":68},[50,17680,347],{"class":72},[50,17682,1736],{"class":68},[50,17684,78],{"class":64},[50,17686,1495],{"class":1494},[50,17688,89],{"class":64},[50,17690,3321],{"class":68},[50,17692,17614],{"class":72},[50,17694,1736],{"class":68},[50,17696,78],{"class":64},[50,17698,1495],{"class":1494},[50,17700,105],{"class":64},[20,17702,17703],{},"This is useful when:",[233,17705,17706,17709,17712],{},[236,17707,17708],{},"You want to create the keys first",[236,17710,17711],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[236,17713,17714],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17716,253],{},[41,17718,17720],{"className":43,"code":17719,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17721,17722,17754,17772,17776,17799,17822,17826],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17723,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17725,17589],{"class":56},[50,17727,61],{"class":60},[50,17729,3652],{"class":64},[50,17731,69],{"class":68},[50,17733,627],{"class":72},[50,17735,69],{"class":68},[50,17737,89],{"class":64},[50,17739,81],{"class":68},[50,17741,347],{"class":72},[50,17743,69],{"class":68},[50,17745,89],{"class":64},[50,17747,81],{"class":68},[50,17749,17614],{"class":72},[50,17751,69],{"class":68},[50,17753,788],{"class":64},[50,17755,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17757,17623],{"class":56},[50,17759,61],{"class":60},[50,17761,9197],{"class":1779},[50,17763,129],{"class":64},[50,17765,17276],{"class":125},[50,17767,122],{"class":64},[50,17769,17636],{"class":125},[50,17771,414],{"class":64},[50,17773,17774],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17775,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17777,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17797],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,17779,17651],{"class":56},[50,17781,779],{"class":64},[50,17783,69],{"class":68},[50,17785,627],{"class":72},[50,17787,69],{"class":68},[50,17789,13281],{"class":64},[50,17791,13284],{"class":60},[50,17793,81],{"class":68},[50,17795,17796],{"class":72},"alice",[50,17798,3384],{"class":68},[50,17800,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17820],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,17802,17651],{"class":56},[50,17804,779],{"class":64},[50,17806,69],{"class":68},[50,17808,347],{"class":72},[50,17810,69],{"class":68},[50,17812,13281],{"class":64},[50,17814,13284],{"class":60},[50,17816,81],{"class":68},[50,17818,17819],{"class":72},"alice@example.com",[50,17821,3384],{"class":68},[50,17823,17824],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,17825,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17827,17828,17830,17832,17834],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,17829,119],{"class":118},[50,17831,122],{"class":64},[50,17833,17651],{"class":125},[50,17835,414],{"class":64},[20,17837,2091],{},[41,17839,17841],{"className":43,"code":17840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17842,17843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17844,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17846,9304],{"class":64},[50,17848,1736],{"class":68},[50,17850,627],{"class":72},[50,17852,1736],{"class":68},[50,17854,78],{"class":64},[50,17856,3321],{"class":68},[50,17858,17796],{"class":72},[50,17860,1736],{"class":68},[50,17862,89],{"class":64},[50,17864,3321],{"class":68},[50,17866,347],{"class":72},[50,17868,1736],{"class":68},[50,17870,78],{"class":64},[50,17872,3321],{"class":68},[50,17874,17819],{"class":72},[50,17876,1736],{"class":68},[50,17878,89],{"class":64},[50,17880,3321],{"class":68},[50,17882,17614],{"class":72},[50,17884,1736],{"class":68},[50,17886,78],{"class":64},[50,17888,1495],{"class":1494},[50,17890,105],{"class":64},[20,17892,17893,17894,129],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[380,17895,17897],{"href":17896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[219,17899,17901],{"id":17900},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17903,17904],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[233,17906,17907,17912,17917],{},[236,17908,17909,17911],{},[15,17910,1234],{}," (list)",[236,17913,17914,17916],{},[15,17915,1240],{}," (dictionary)",[236,17918,17919,17921],{},[15,17920,3822],{}," (set)",[20,17923,17924,17925,129],{},"All keys will point to the ",[997,17926,17927],{},"same object",[811,17929,17931],{"id":17930},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[41,17933,17935],{"className":43,"code":17934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17936,17937,17969,17990,17994,18016,18020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17938,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17940,17235],{"class":56},[50,17942,61],{"class":60},[50,17944,3652],{"class":64},[50,17946,69],{"class":68},[50,17948,380],{"class":72},[50,17950,69],{"class":68},[50,17952,89],{"class":64},[50,17954,81],{"class":68},[50,17956,4784],{"class":72},[50,17958,69],{"class":68},[50,17960,89],{"class":64},[50,17962,81],{"class":68},[50,17964,9763],{"class":72},[50,17966,69],{"class":68},[50,17968,788],{"class":64},[50,17970,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17972,829],{"class":56},[50,17974,61],{"class":60},[50,17976,9197],{"class":1779},[50,17978,129],{"class":64},[50,17980,17276],{"class":125},[50,17982,122],{"class":64},[50,17984,1724],{"class":125},[50,17986,89],{"class":64},[50,17988,17989],{"class":64}," [])\n",[50,17991,17992],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17993,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17995,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,17997,776],{"class":56},[50,17999,779],{"class":64},[50,18001,69],{"class":68},[50,18003,380],{"class":72},[50,18005,69],{"class":68},[50,18007,13558],{"class":64},[50,18009,13561],{"class":125},[50,18011,122],{"class":64},[50,18013,3011],{"class":101},[50,18015,414],{"class":64},[50,18017,18018],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,18019,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,18021,18022,18024,18026,18028],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,18023,119],{"class":118},[50,18025,122],{"class":64},[50,18027,776],{"class":125},[50,18029,414],{"class":64},[20,18031,2091],{},[41,18033,18035],{"className":43,"code":18034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18036,18037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18038,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18040,9304],{"class":64},[50,18042,1736],{"class":68},[50,18044,380],{"class":72},[50,18046,1736],{"class":68},[50,18048,78],{"class":64},[50,18050,3652],{"class":64},[50,18052,3011],{"class":101},[50,18054,18055],{"class":64},"],",[50,18057,3321],{"class":68},[50,18059,4784],{"class":72},[50,18061,1736],{"class":68},[50,18063,78],{"class":64},[50,18065,3652],{"class":64},[50,18067,3011],{"class":101},[50,18069,18055],{"class":64},[50,18071,3321],{"class":68},[50,18073,9763],{"class":72},[50,18075,1736],{"class":68},[50,18077,78],{"class":64},[50,18079,3652],{"class":64},[50,18081,3011],{"class":101},[50,18083,13713],{"class":64},[20,18085,18086,18087,18090],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18088,18089],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[811,18092,18094],{"id":18093},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18096,18097,18100],{},[15,18098,18099],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18102,18103],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18105,18106],{},"So this:",[41,18108,18110],{"className":43,"code":18109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18111,18112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18113,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18115,776],{"class":56},[50,18117,779],{"class":64},[50,18119,69],{"class":68},[50,18121,380],{"class":72},[50,18123,69],{"class":68},[50,18125,13558],{"class":64},[50,18127,13561],{"class":125},[50,18129,122],{"class":64},[50,18131,3011],{"class":101},[50,18133,414],{"class":64},[20,18135,18136,18137,129],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18138,18089],{},[811,18140,18142],{"id":18141},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18144,18145],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[41,18147,18149],{"className":43,"code":18148,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18150,18151,18183,18210,18214,18236,18240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18152,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18154,17235],{"class":56},[50,18156,61],{"class":60},[50,18158,3652],{"class":64},[50,18160,69],{"class":68},[50,18162,380],{"class":72},[50,18164,69],{"class":68},[50,18166,89],{"class":64},[50,18168,81],{"class":68},[50,18170,4784],{"class":72},[50,18172,69],{"class":68},[50,18174,89],{"class":64},[50,18176,81],{"class":68},[50,18178,9763],{"class":72},[50,18180,69],{"class":68},[50,18182,788],{"class":64},[50,18184,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18198,18200,18203,18205,18208],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18186,829],{"class":56},[50,18188,61],{"class":60},[50,18190,65],{"class":64},[50,18192,411],{"class":56},[50,18194,78],{"class":64},[50,18196,18197],{"class":64}," []",[50,18199,3900],{"class":1622},[50,18201,18202],{"class":56}," key ",[50,18204,1562],{"class":1622},[50,18206,18207],{"class":56}," keys",[50,18209,105],{"class":64},[50,18211,18212],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18213,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,18215,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,18217,776],{"class":56},[50,18219,779],{"class":64},[50,18221,69],{"class":68},[50,18223,380],{"class":72},[50,18225,69],{"class":68},[50,18227,13558],{"class":64},[50,18229,13561],{"class":125},[50,18231,122],{"class":64},[50,18233,3011],{"class":101},[50,18235,414],{"class":64},[50,18237,18238],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,18239,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,18241,18242,18244,18246,18248],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,18243,119],{"class":118},[50,18245,122],{"class":64},[50,18247,776],{"class":125},[50,18249,414],{"class":64},[20,18251,2091],{},[41,18253,18255],{"className":43,"code":18254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18256,18257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18258,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18260,9304],{"class":64},[50,18262,1736],{"class":68},[50,18264,380],{"class":72},[50,18266,1736],{"class":68},[50,18268,78],{"class":64},[50,18270,3652],{"class":64},[50,18272,3011],{"class":101},[50,18274,18055],{"class":64},[50,18276,3321],{"class":68},[50,18278,4784],{"class":72},[50,18280,1736],{"class":68},[50,18282,78],{"class":64},[50,18284,18285],{"class":64}," [],",[50,18287,3321],{"class":68},[50,18289,9763],{"class":72},[50,18291,1736],{"class":68},[50,18293,78],{"class":64},[50,18295,18296],{"class":64}," []}\n",[20,18298,18299],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18301,18302],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[219,18304,582,18306],{"id":18305},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18307,17211],{},[20,18309,18310,18312],{},[15,18311,17216],{}," is a good choice when:",[233,18314,18315,18318,18321],{},[236,18316,18317],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[236,18319,18320],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[236,18322,18323],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18325,2146],{},[41,18327,18329],{"className":43,"code":18328,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18330,18331,18376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18332,18333,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18368,18370,18372,18374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18334,18335],{"class":56},"flags ",[50,18337,61],{"class":60},[50,18339,9197],{"class":1779},[50,18341,129],{"class":64},[50,18343,17276],{"class":125},[50,18345,3008],{"class":64},[50,18347,69],{"class":68},[50,18349,18350],{"class":72},"is_admin",[50,18352,69],{"class":68},[50,18354,89],{"class":64},[50,18356,81],{"class":68},[50,18358,15083],{"class":72},[50,18360,69],{"class":68},[50,18362,89],{"class":64},[50,18364,81],{"class":68},[50,18366,18367],{"class":72},"is_verified",[50,18369,69],{"class":68},[50,18371,18055],{"class":64},[50,18373,3929],{"class":1494},[50,18375,414],{"class":64},[50,18377,18378,18380,18382,18385],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18379,119],{"class":118},[50,18381,122],{"class":64},[50,18383,18384],{"class":125},"flags",[50,18386,414],{"class":64},[41,18388,18390],{"className":43,"code":18389,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18391,18392,18434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18393,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18395,1128],{"class":56},[50,18397,61],{"class":60},[50,18399,9197],{"class":1779},[50,18401,129],{"class":64},[50,18403,17276],{"class":125},[50,18405,3008],{"class":64},[50,18407,69],{"class":68},[50,18409,1137],{"class":72},[50,18411,69],{"class":68},[50,18413,89],{"class":64},[50,18415,81],{"class":68},[50,18417,1151],{"class":72},[50,18419,69],{"class":68},[50,18421,89],{"class":64},[50,18423,81],{"class":68},[50,18425,1185],{"class":72},[50,18427,69],{"class":68},[50,18429,18055],{"class":64},[50,18431,1192],{"class":101},[50,18433,414],{"class":64},[50,18435,18436,18438,18440,18442],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18437,119],{"class":118},[50,18439,122],{"class":64},[50,18441,16390],{"class":125},[50,18443,414],{"class":64},[20,18445,18446,18447,18449],{},"It is ",[997,18448,1262],{}," the best choice when:",[233,18451,18452,18455],{},[236,18453,18454],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[236,18456,18457],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[219,18459,18461,18463],{"id":18460},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18462,17211],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18465,18466,18468],{},[15,18467,17211],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[811,18470,8444,18472],{"id":18471},"using-fromkeys",[15,18473,17211],{},[41,18475,18477],{"className":43,"code":18476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18478,18479,18524],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18480,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18498,18500,18502,18504,18507,18509,18511,18513,18516,18518,18520,18522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18482,466],{"class":56},[50,18484,61],{"class":60},[50,18486,9197],{"class":1779},[50,18488,129],{"class":64},[50,18490,17276],{"class":125},[50,18492,3008],{"class":64},[50,18494,69],{"class":68},[50,18496,18497],{"class":72},"sound",[50,18499,69],{"class":68},[50,18501,89],{"class":64},[50,18503,81],{"class":68},[50,18505,18506],{"class":72},"music",[50,18508,69],{"class":68},[50,18510,89],{"class":64},[50,18512,81],{"class":68},[50,18514,18515],{"class":72},"notifications",[50,18517,69],{"class":68},[50,18519,18055],{"class":64},[50,18521,3938],{"class":1494},[50,18523,414],{"class":64},[50,18525,18526,18528,18530,18532],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18527,119],{"class":118},[50,18529,122],{"class":64},[50,18531,501],{"class":125},[50,18533,414],{"class":64},[811,18535,18537],{"id":18536},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[41,18539,18541],{"className":43,"code":18540,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18542,18543,18551,18565,18579,18591,18595],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18544,18545,18547,18549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18546,466],{"class":56},[50,18548,61],{"class":60},[50,18550,11507],{"class":64},[50,18552,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18554,11512],{"class":68},[50,18556,18497],{"class":72},[50,18558,69],{"class":68},[50,18560,78],{"class":64},[50,18562,3938],{"class":1494},[50,18564,11528],{"class":64},[50,18566,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18568,11512],{"class":68},[50,18570,18506],{"class":72},[50,18572,69],{"class":68},[50,18574,78],{"class":64},[50,18576,3929],{"class":1494},[50,18578,11528],{"class":64},[50,18580,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,18582,11512],{"class":68},[50,18584,18515],{"class":72},[50,18586,69],{"class":68},[50,18588,78],{"class":64},[50,18590,6447],{"class":1494},[50,18592,18593],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,18594,105],{"class":64},[50,18596,18597,18599,18601,18603],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,18598,119],{"class":118},[50,18600,122],{"class":64},[50,18602,501],{"class":125},[50,18604,414],{"class":64},[20,18606,18607],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[811,18609,18611],{"id":18610},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[41,18613,18615],{"className":43,"code":18614,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18616,18617,18649,18673],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18618,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18620,17235],{"class":56},[50,18622,61],{"class":60},[50,18624,3652],{"class":64},[50,18626,69],{"class":68},[50,18628,380],{"class":72},[50,18630,69],{"class":68},[50,18632,89],{"class":64},[50,18634,81],{"class":68},[50,18636,4784],{"class":72},[50,18638,69],{"class":68},[50,18640,89],{"class":64},[50,18642,81],{"class":68},[50,18644,9763],{"class":72},[50,18646,69],{"class":68},[50,18648,788],{"class":64},[50,18650,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18652,829],{"class":56},[50,18654,61],{"class":60},[50,18656,65],{"class":64},[50,18658,411],{"class":56},[50,18660,78],{"class":64},[50,18662,18197],{"class":64},[50,18664,3900],{"class":1622},[50,18666,18202],{"class":56},[50,18668,1562],{"class":1622},[50,18670,18207],{"class":56},[50,18672,105],{"class":64},[50,18674,18675,18677,18679,18681],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18676,119],{"class":118},[50,18678,122],{"class":64},[50,18680,776],{"class":125},[50,18682,414],{"class":64},[20,18684,990],{},[233,18686,18687,18692,18695],{},[236,18688,18689,18691],{},[15,18690,17211],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[236,18693,18694],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[236,18696,18697],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18699,18700,18701,129],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[380,18702,1920,18703,1845],{"href":14038},[15,18704,14958],{},[219,18706,1663],{"id":1662},[20,18708,14738,18709,129],{},[15,18710,17216],{},[811,18712,18714],{"id":18713},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[41,18716,18718],{"className":43,"code":18717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18719,18720,18753,18776],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18721,18722,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18723,18724],{"class":56},"d ",[50,18726,61],{"class":60},[50,18728,9197],{"class":1779},[50,18730,129],{"class":64},[50,18732,17276],{"class":125},[50,18734,3008],{"class":64},[50,18736,69],{"class":68},[50,18738,380],{"class":72},[50,18740,69],{"class":68},[50,18742,89],{"class":64},[50,18744,81],{"class":68},[50,18746,4784],{"class":72},[50,18748,69],{"class":68},[50,18750,18055],{"class":64},[50,18752,17989],{"class":64},[50,18754,18755,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18756,18757],{"class":56},"d",[50,18759,779],{"class":64},[50,18761,69],{"class":68},[50,18763,380],{"class":72},[50,18765,69],{"class":68},[50,18767,13558],{"class":64},[50,18769,13561],{"class":125},[50,18771,122],{"class":64},[50,18773,3011],{"class":101},[50,18775,414],{"class":64},[50,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18779,119],{"class":118},[50,18781,122],{"class":64},[50,18783,18757],{"class":125},[50,18785,414],{"class":64},[20,18787,2091],{},[41,18789,18791],{"className":43,"code":18790,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18792,18793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18794,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18796,9304],{"class":64},[50,18798,1736],{"class":68},[50,18800,380],{"class":72},[50,18802,1736],{"class":68},[50,18804,78],{"class":64},[50,18806,3652],{"class":64},[50,18808,3011],{"class":101},[50,18810,18055],{"class":64},[50,18812,3321],{"class":68},[50,18814,4784],{"class":72},[50,18816,1736],{"class":68},[50,18818,78],{"class":64},[50,18820,3652],{"class":64},[50,18822,3011],{"class":101},[50,18824,13713],{"class":64},[20,18826,18827],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18829,18830],{},"Use this instead:",[41,18832,18834],{"className":43,"code":18833,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18835,18836,18860,18884],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18837,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18839,17235],{"class":56},[50,18841,61],{"class":60},[50,18843,3652],{"class":64},[50,18845,69],{"class":68},[50,18847,380],{"class":72},[50,18849,69],{"class":68},[50,18851,89],{"class":64},[50,18853,81],{"class":68},[50,18855,4784],{"class":72},[50,18857,69],{"class":68},[50,18859,788],{"class":64},[50,18861,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18863,18724],{"class":56},[50,18865,61],{"class":60},[50,18867,65],{"class":64},[50,18869,411],{"class":56},[50,18871,78],{"class":64},[50,18873,18197],{"class":64},[50,18875,3900],{"class":1622},[50,18877,18202],{"class":56},[50,18879,1562],{"class":1622},[50,18881,18207],{"class":56},[50,18883,105],{"class":64},[50,18885,18886,18888,18890,18892],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18887,119],{"class":118},[50,18889,122],{"class":64},[50,18891,18757],{"class":125},[50,18893,414],{"class":64},[811,18895,18897,18898,18900],{"id":18896},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18899,17211],{}," on a list",[20,18902,18903],{},"Wrong idea:",[41,18905,18907],{"className":43,"code":18906,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18908,18909,18941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18910,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18912,17235],{"class":56},[50,18914,61],{"class":60},[50,18916,3652],{"class":64},[50,18918,69],{"class":68},[50,18920,380],{"class":72},[50,18922,69],{"class":68},[50,18924,89],{"class":64},[50,18926,81],{"class":68},[50,18928,4784],{"class":72},[50,18930,69],{"class":68},[50,18932,89],{"class":64},[50,18934,81],{"class":68},[50,18936,9763],{"class":72},[50,18938,69],{"class":68},[50,18940,788],{"class":64},[50,18942,18943],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18944,18945],{"class":146},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18947,18948,18950,18951,18953,18954,129],{},[15,18949,17211],{}," belongs to ",[15,18952,8850],{},", not ",[15,18955,8119],{},[20,18957,18958],{},"Correct usage:",[41,18960,18962],{"className":43,"code":18961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18963,18964,18996,19018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18967,17235],{"class":56},[50,18969,61],{"class":60},[50,18971,3652],{"class":64},[50,18973,69],{"class":68},[50,18975,380],{"class":72},[50,18977,69],{"class":68},[50,18979,89],{"class":64},[50,18981,81],{"class":68},[50,18983,4784],{"class":72},[50,18985,69],{"class":68},[50,18987,89],{"class":64},[50,18989,81],{"class":68},[50,18991,9763],{"class":72},[50,18993,69],{"class":68},[50,18995,788],{"class":64},[50,18997,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18999,18724],{"class":56},[50,19001,61],{"class":60},[50,19003,9197],{"class":1779},[50,19005,129],{"class":64},[50,19007,17276],{"class":125},[50,19009,122],{"class":64},[50,19011,1724],{"class":125},[50,19013,89],{"class":64},[50,19015,1192],{"class":101},[50,19017,414],{"class":64},[50,19019,19020,19022,19024,19026],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,19021,119],{"class":118},[50,19023,122],{"class":64},[50,19025,18757],{"class":125},[50,19027,414],{"class":64},[811,19029,8480,19031,19033],{"id":19030},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19032,17211],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19035,19036,19038],{},[15,19037,17216],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[41,19040,19042],{"className":43,"code":19041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19043,19044,19064,19098,19102,19112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19045,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19047,12099],{"class":56},[50,19049,61],{"class":60},[50,19051,65],{"class":64},[50,19053,69],{"class":68},[50,19055,2194],{"class":72},[50,19057,69],{"class":68},[50,19059,78],{"class":64},[50,19061,5521],{"class":101},[50,19063,105],{"class":64},[50,19065,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19067,13046],{"class":56},[50,19069,61],{"class":60},[50,19071,9197],{"class":1779},[50,19073,129],{"class":64},[50,19075,17276],{"class":125},[50,19077,3008],{"class":64},[50,19079,69],{"class":68},[50,19081,380],{"class":72},[50,19083,69],{"class":68},[50,19085,89],{"class":64},[50,19087,81],{"class":68},[50,19089,4784],{"class":72},[50,19091,69],{"class":68},[50,19093,18055],{"class":64},[50,19095,1192],{"class":101},[50,19097,414],{"class":64},[50,19099,19100],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,19101,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,19103,19104,19106,19108,19110],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,19105,119],{"class":118},[50,19107,122],{"class":64},[50,19109,12146],{"class":125},[50,19111,414],{"class":64},[50,19113,19114,19116,19118,19121],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,19115,119],{"class":118},[50,19117,122],{"class":64},[50,19119,19120],{"class":125},"new_dict",[50,19122,414],{"class":64},[20,19124,2091],{},[41,19126,19128],{"className":43,"code":19127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19129,19130,19146],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19131,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19133,9304],{"class":64},[50,19135,1736],{"class":68},[50,19137,2194],{"class":72},[50,19139,1736],{"class":68},[50,19141,78],{"class":64},[50,19143,5521],{"class":101},[50,19145,105],{"class":64},[50,19147,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19149,9304],{"class":64},[50,19151,1736],{"class":68},[50,19153,380],{"class":72},[50,19155,1736],{"class":68},[50,19157,78],{"class":64},[50,19159,1192],{"class":101},[50,19161,89],{"class":64},[50,19163,3321],{"class":68},[50,19165,4784],{"class":72},[50,19167,1736],{"class":68},[50,19169,78],{"class":64},[50,19171,1192],{"class":101},[50,19173,105],{"class":64},[20,19175,19176,19177,129],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[380,19178,1920,19179,1845],{"href":14038},[15,19180,14958],{},[811,19182,19184,19185],{"id":19183},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19186,38],{},[41,19188,19190],{"className":43,"code":19189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19191,19192,19222],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19193,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19195,18724],{"class":56},[50,19197,61],{"class":60},[50,19199,9197],{"class":1779},[50,19201,129],{"class":64},[50,19203,17276],{"class":125},[50,19205,3008],{"class":64},[50,19207,69],{"class":68},[50,19209,2194],{"class":72},[50,19211,69],{"class":68},[50,19213,89],{"class":64},[50,19215,81],{"class":68},[50,19217,11759],{"class":72},[50,19219,69],{"class":68},[50,19221,3911],{"class":64},[50,19223,19224,19226,19228,19230],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19225,119],{"class":118},[50,19227,122],{"class":64},[50,19229,18757],{"class":125},[50,19231,414],{"class":64},[20,19233,2091],{},[41,19235,19237],{"className":43,"code":19236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19238,19239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19240,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19242,9304],{"class":64},[50,19244,1736],{"class":68},[50,19246,2194],{"class":72},[50,19248,1736],{"class":68},[50,19250,78],{"class":64},[50,19252,1495],{"class":1494},[50,19254,89],{"class":64},[50,19256,3321],{"class":68},[50,19258,11759],{"class":72},[50,19260,1736],{"class":68},[50,19262,78],{"class":64},[50,19264,1495],{"class":1494},[50,19266,105],{"class":64},[20,19268,19269,19270,129],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19271,38],{},[219,19273,19275],{"id":19274},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19277,19278,19279,19281],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19280,17211],{}," works.",[41,19283,19285],{"className":43,"code":19284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19286,19287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19288,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19290,119],{"class":118},[50,19292,122],{"class":64},[50,19294,8850],{"class":1779},[50,19296,129],{"class":64},[50,19298,17276],{"class":125},[50,19300,3008],{"class":64},[50,19302,69],{"class":68},[50,19304,380],{"class":72},[50,19306,69],{"class":68},[50,19308,89],{"class":64},[50,19310,81],{"class":68},[50,19312,4784],{"class":72},[50,19314,69],{"class":68},[50,19316,18055],{"class":64},[50,19318,1192],{"class":101},[50,19320,1770],{"class":64},[41,19322,19323],{"className":43,"code":19189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,19324,19325,19355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19326,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19328,18724],{"class":56},[50,19330,61],{"class":60},[50,19332,9197],{"class":1779},[50,19334,129],{"class":64},[50,19336,17276],{"class":125},[50,19338,3008],{"class":64},[50,19340,69],{"class":68},[50,19342,2194],{"class":72},[50,19344,69],{"class":68},[50,19346,89],{"class":64},[50,19348,81],{"class":68},[50,19350,11759],{"class":72},[50,19352,69],{"class":68},[50,19354,3911],{"class":64},[50,19356,19357,19359,19361,19363],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19358,119],{"class":118},[50,19360,122],{"class":64},[50,19362,18757],{"class":125},[50,19364,414],{"class":64},[41,19366,19367],{"className":43,"code":18717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,19368,19369,19401,19423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19370,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19372,18724],{"class":56},[50,19374,61],{"class":60},[50,19376,9197],{"class":1779},[50,19378,129],{"class":64},[50,19380,17276],{"class":125},[50,19382,3008],{"class":64},[50,19384,69],{"class":68},[50,19386,380],{"class":72},[50,19388,69],{"class":68},[50,19390,89],{"class":64},[50,19392,81],{"class":68},[50,19394,4784],{"class":72},[50,19396,69],{"class":68},[50,19398,18055],{"class":64},[50,19400,17989],{"class":64},[50,19402,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19404,18757],{"class":56},[50,19406,779],{"class":64},[50,19408,69],{"class":68},[50,19410,380],{"class":72},[50,19412,69],{"class":68},[50,19414,13558],{"class":64},[50,19416,13561],{"class":125},[50,19418,122],{"class":64},[50,19420,3011],{"class":101},[50,19422,414],{"class":64},[50,19424,19425,19427,19429,19431],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,19426,119],{"class":118},[50,19428,122],{"class":64},[50,19430,18757],{"class":125},[50,19432,414],{"class":64},[41,19434,19436],{"className":43,"code":19435,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19437,19438],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19439,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19441,119],{"class":118},[50,19443,122],{"class":64},[50,19445,1780],{"class":1779},[50,19447,122],{"class":64},[50,19449,8850],{"class":1779},[50,19451,129],{"class":64},[50,19453,17276],{"class":125},[50,19455,3008],{"class":64},[50,19457,3011],{"class":101},[50,19459,89],{"class":64},[50,19461,3016],{"class":101},[50,19463,89],{"class":64},[50,19465,2473],{"class":101},[50,19467,18055],{"class":64},[50,19469,81],{"class":68},[50,19471,2495],{"class":72},[50,19473,69],{"class":68},[50,19475,1799],{"class":64},[219,19477,1857],{"id":1856},[811,19479,1861,19481,19483],{"id":19480},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19482,17211],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19485,19486],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[811,19488,19490],{"id":19489},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19492,19493,19494,129],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19495,38],{},[811,19497,19499],{"id":19498},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19501,19502],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[811,19504,19506],{"id":19505},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19508,18145],{},[41,19510,19512],{"className":43,"code":19511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19513,19514,19546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19515,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19517,17235],{"class":56},[50,19519,61],{"class":60},[50,19521,3652],{"class":64},[50,19523,69],{"class":68},[50,19525,380],{"class":72},[50,19527,69],{"class":68},[50,19529,89],{"class":64},[50,19531,81],{"class":68},[50,19533,4784],{"class":72},[50,19535,69],{"class":68},[50,19537,89],{"class":64},[50,19539,81],{"class":68},[50,19541,9763],{"class":72},[50,19543,69],{"class":68},[50,19545,788],{"class":64},[50,19547,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19549,829],{"class":56},[50,19551,61],{"class":60},[50,19553,65],{"class":64},[50,19555,411],{"class":56},[50,19557,78],{"class":64},[50,19559,18197],{"class":64},[50,19561,3900],{"class":1622},[50,19563,18202],{"class":56},[50,19565,1562],{"class":1622},[50,19567,18207],{"class":56},[50,19569,105],{"class":64},[219,19571,1909],{"id":1908},[233,19573,19574,19578,19582,19586,19592],{},[236,19575,19576],{},[380,19577,11262],{"href":13034},[236,19579,19580],{},[380,19581,383],{"href":13031},[236,19583,19584],{},[380,19585,11271],{"href":17896},[236,19587,19588],{},[380,19589,1920,19590,1845],{"href":14038},[15,19591,14958],{},[236,19593,19594],{},[380,19595,1920,19596,1845],{"href":15003},[15,19597,12787],{},[20,19599,212,19600,19602],{},[15,19601,17216],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1944,19604,19605],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":19607},[19608,19609,19611,19615,19616,19618,19623,19625,19632,19641,19642,19649],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":17315,"depth":108,"text":19610},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17359,"depth":108,"text":17360,"children":19612},[19613,19614],{"id":17386,"depth":115,"text":17387},{"id":17410,"depth":115,"text":17411},{"id":5810,"depth":108,"text":5811},{"id":17571,"depth":108,"text":19617},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17900,"depth":108,"text":17901,"children":19619},[19620,19621,19622],{"id":17930,"depth":115,"text":17931},{"id":18093,"depth":115,"text":18094},{"id":18141,"depth":115,"text":18142},{"id":18305,"depth":108,"text":19624},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18460,"depth":108,"text":19626,"children":19627},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19628,19630,19631],{"id":18471,"depth":115,"text":19629},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18536,"depth":115,"text":18537},{"id":18610,"depth":115,"text":18611},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":19633},[19634,19635,19637,19639],{"id":18713,"depth":115,"text":18714},{"id":18896,"depth":115,"text":19636},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19030,"depth":115,"text":19638},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19183,"depth":115,"text":19640},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19274,"depth":108,"text":19275},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":19643},[19644,19646,19647,19648],{"id":19480,"depth":115,"text":19645},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19489,"depth":115,"text":19490},{"id":19498,"depth":115,"text":19499},{"id":19505,"depth":115,"text":19506},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21306,"toc":23828},[21307,21312,21318,21324,21326,21408,21412,21429,21434,21439,21444,21446,21460,21462,21525,21529,21569,21577,21579,21581,21596,21599,21612,21614,21693,21697,21763,21765,21769,21777,21779,21790,21792,21902,21906,21985,21991,21997,22002,22115,22119,22151,22154,22261,22267,22274,22278,22281,22384,22388,22449,22452,22455,22466,22475,22478,22495,22497,22596,22600,22675,22678,22701,22706,22711,22728,22730,22851,22855,22889,22891,22896,22903,22913,22915,22993,22996,23067,23077,23080,23112,23115,23154,23160,23167,23170,23261,23265,23346,23352,23355,23358,23463,23466,23469,23591,23595,23598,23665,23669,23706,23712,23714,23720,23725,23731,23738,23744,23747,23786,23792,23795,23797,23825],[10,21308,13,21310,18],{"id":21309},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21311,1852],{},[20,21313,228,21314,21317],{},[15,21315,21316],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21319,21320,21321,21323],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21322,1852],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[219,21325,2022],{"id":2021},[41,21327,21329],{"className":43,"code":21328,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21330,21331,21367,21371,21394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21332,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21334,57],{"class":56},[50,21336,61],{"class":60},[50,21338,65],{"class":64},[50,21340,69],{"class":68},[50,21342,73],{"class":72},[50,21344,69],{"class":68},[50,21346,78],{"class":64},[50,21348,81],{"class":68},[50,21350,84],{"class":72},[50,21352,69],{"class":68},[50,21354,89],{"class":64},[50,21356,81],{"class":68},[50,21358,94],{"class":72},[50,21360,69],{"class":68},[50,21362,78],{"class":64},[50,21364,102],{"class":101},[50,21366,105],{"class":64},[50,21368,21369],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21370,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21372,21373,21375,21378,21380,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21374,5982],{"class":1622},[50,21376,21377],{"class":56}," key",[50,21379,89],{"class":64},[50,21381,21382],{"class":56}," value ",[50,21384,1562],{"class":1622},[50,21386,13255],{"class":56},[50,21388,129],{"class":64},[50,21390,7836],{"class":125},[50,21392,21393],{"class":64},"():\n",[50,21395,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,21397,8094],{"class":118},[50,21399,122],{"class":64},[50,21401,411],{"class":125},[50,21403,89],{"class":64},[50,21405,8460],{"class":125},[50,21407,414],{"class":64},[20,21409,21410],{},[997,21411,2091],{},[41,21413,21415],{"className":43,"code":21414,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21416,21417,21422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21418,21419],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21420,21421],{"class":56},"name Ana\n",[50,21423,21424,21427],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21425,21426],{"class":56},"age ",[50,21428,2732],{"class":101},[20,21430,212,21431,21433],{},[15,21432,1852],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[219,21435,222,21437,225],{"id":21436},"what-items-does",[15,21438,1852],{},[20,21440,21441,21443],{},[15,21442,1852],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21445,11473],{},[233,21447,21448,21454,21457],{},[236,21449,21450,21451],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21452,21453],{},"(key, value)",[236,21455,21456],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[236,21458,21459],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21461,253],{},[41,21463,21465],{"className":43,"code":21464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21466,21467,21503,21507],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21468,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21470,57],{"class":56},[50,21472,61],{"class":60},[50,21474,65],{"class":64},[50,21476,69],{"class":68},[50,21478,73],{"class":72},[50,21480,69],{"class":68},[50,21482,78],{"class":64},[50,21484,81],{"class":68},[50,21486,84],{"class":72},[50,21488,69],{"class":68},[50,21490,89],{"class":64},[50,21492,81],{"class":68},[50,21494,94],{"class":72},[50,21496,69],{"class":68},[50,21498,78],{"class":64},[50,21500,102],{"class":101},[50,21502,105],{"class":64},[50,21504,21505],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21506,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21508,21509,21511,21513,21515,21517,21519,21521,21523],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21510,119],{"class":118},[50,21512,122],{"class":64},[50,21514,8119],{"class":1779},[50,21516,122],{"class":64},[50,21518,126],{"class":125},[50,21520,129],{"class":64},[50,21522,7836],{"class":125},[50,21524,6314],{"class":64},[20,21526,21527],{},[997,21528,2091],{},[41,21530,21532],{"className":43,"code":21531,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21533,21534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21535,21536,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21537,21538],{"class":64},"[(",[50,21540,1736],{"class":68},[50,21542,73],{"class":72},[50,21544,1736],{"class":68},[50,21546,89],{"class":64},[50,21548,3321],{"class":68},[50,21550,84],{"class":72},[50,21552,1736],{"class":68},[50,21554,9259],{"class":64},[50,21556,9262],{"class":64},[50,21558,1736],{"class":68},[50,21560,94],{"class":72},[50,21562,1736],{"class":68},[50,21564,89],{"class":64},[50,21566,102],{"class":101},[50,21568,9275],{"class":64},[20,21570,21571,21572,2901,21574,129],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[380,21573,383],{"href":13031},[380,21575,15029],{"href":21576},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[219,21578,387],{"id":386},[20,21580,5457],{},[41,21582,21584],{"className":43,"code":21583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21585,21586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21587,21588,21590,21592,21594],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21589,1709],{"class":56},[50,21591,129],{"class":64},[50,21593,7836],{"class":125},[50,21595,8671],{"class":64},[20,21597,21598],{},"Things to remember:",[233,21600,21601,21606,21609],{},[236,21602,21603,21605],{},[15,21604,1852],{}," does not take any arguments",[236,21607,21608],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[236,21610,21611],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21613,253],{},[41,21615,21617],{"className":43,"code":21616,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21618,21619,21651,21655,21669,21673,21683],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21620,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21622,1128],{"class":56},[50,21624,61],{"class":60},[50,21626,65],{"class":64},[50,21628,69],{"class":68},[50,21630,5027],{"class":72},[50,21632,69],{"class":68},[50,21634,78],{"class":64},[50,21636,296],{"class":101},[50,21638,89],{"class":64},[50,21640,81],{"class":68},[50,21642,5036],{"class":72},[50,21644,69],{"class":68},[50,21646,78],{"class":64},[50,21648,13515],{"class":101},[50,21650,105],{"class":64},[50,21652,21653],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21654,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21656,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21658,2250],{"class":56},[50,21660,61],{"class":60},[50,21662,1174],{"class":56},[50,21664,129],{"class":64},[50,21666,7836],{"class":125},[50,21668,8671],{"class":64},[50,21670,21671],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,21672,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21674,21675,21677,21679,21681],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,21676,119],{"class":118},[50,21678,122],{"class":64},[50,21680,2285],{"class":125},[50,21682,414],{"class":64},[50,21684,21685,21687,21689,21691],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,21686,119],{"class":118},[50,21688,122],{"class":64},[50,21690,16390],{"class":125},[50,21692,414],{"class":64},[20,21694,21695],{},[997,21696,2091],{},[41,21698,21700],{"className":43,"code":21699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21701,21702,21735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21703,21704,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21705,21706],{"class":125},"dict_items",[50,21708,9681],{"class":64},[50,21710,1736],{"class":68},[50,21712,5027],{"class":72},[50,21714,1736],{"class":68},[50,21716,89],{"class":64},[50,21718,296],{"class":101},[50,21720,9259],{"class":64},[50,21722,9262],{"class":64},[50,21724,1736],{"class":68},[50,21726,5036],{"class":72},[50,21728,1736],{"class":68},[50,21730,89],{"class":64},[50,21732,13515],{"class":101},[50,21734,10701],{"class":64},[50,21736,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21738,9304],{"class":64},[50,21740,1736],{"class":68},[50,21742,5027],{"class":72},[50,21744,1736],{"class":68},[50,21746,78],{"class":64},[50,21748,296],{"class":101},[50,21750,89],{"class":64},[50,21752,3321],{"class":68},[50,21754,5036],{"class":72},[50,21756,1736],{"class":68},[50,21758,78],{"class":64},[50,21760,13515],{"class":101},[50,21762,105],{"class":64},[20,21764,1337],{},[219,21766,21768],{"id":21767},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21770,21771,21773,21774,21776],{},[15,21772,1852],{}," returns a ",[15,21775,21706],{}," view object.",[20,21778,2128],{},[233,21780,21781,21784,21787],{},[236,21782,21783],{},"You can loop over it",[236,21785,21786],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[236,21788,21789],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21791,253],{},[41,21793,21795],{"className":43,"code":21794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21796,21797,21829,21843,21847,21861,21865,21884,21888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21798,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21800,829],{"class":56},[50,21802,61],{"class":60},[50,21804,65],{"class":64},[50,21806,69],{"class":68},[50,21808,2194],{"class":72},[50,21810,69],{"class":68},[50,21812,78],{"class":64},[50,21814,5521],{"class":101},[50,21816,89],{"class":64},[50,21818,81],{"class":68},[50,21820,11759],{"class":72},[50,21822,69],{"class":68},[50,21824,78],{"class":64},[50,21826,3016],{"class":101},[50,21828,105],{"class":64},[50,21830,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21832,9241],{"class":56},[50,21834,61],{"class":60},[50,21836,1626],{"class":56},[50,21838,129],{"class":64},[50,21840,7836],{"class":125},[50,21842,8671],{"class":64},[50,21844,21845],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21846,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21848,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,21850,119],{"class":118},[50,21852,122],{"class":64},[50,21854,8119],{"class":1779},[50,21856,122],{"class":64},[50,21858,9288],{"class":125},[50,21860,1770],{"class":64},[50,21862,21863],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,21864,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21866,21867,21869,21871,21873,21876,21878,21880,21882],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,21868,776],{"class":56},[50,21870,779],{"class":64},[50,21872,69],{"class":68},[50,21874,21875],{"class":72},"z",[50,21877,69],{"class":68},[50,21879,13281],{"class":64},[50,21881,13284],{"class":60},[50,21883,2600],{"class":101},[50,21885,21886],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,21887,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21889,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,21891,119],{"class":118},[50,21893,122],{"class":64},[50,21895,8119],{"class":1779},[50,21897,122],{"class":64},[50,21899,9288],{"class":125},[50,21901,1770],{"class":64},[20,21903,21904],{},[997,21905,2091],{},[41,21907,21909],{"className":43,"code":21908,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21910,21911,21941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21912,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21914,21538],{"class":64},[50,21916,1736],{"class":68},[50,21918,2194],{"class":72},[50,21920,1736],{"class":68},[50,21922,89],{"class":64},[50,21924,5521],{"class":101},[50,21926,9259],{"class":64},[50,21928,9262],{"class":64},[50,21930,1736],{"class":68},[50,21932,11759],{"class":72},[50,21934,1736],{"class":68},[50,21936,89],{"class":64},[50,21938,3016],{"class":101},[50,21940,9275],{"class":64},[50,21942,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21944,21538],{"class":64},[50,21946,1736],{"class":68},[50,21948,2194],{"class":72},[50,21950,1736],{"class":68},[50,21952,89],{"class":64},[50,21954,5521],{"class":101},[50,21956,9259],{"class":64},[50,21958,9262],{"class":64},[50,21960,1736],{"class":68},[50,21962,11759],{"class":72},[50,21964,1736],{"class":68},[50,21966,89],{"class":64},[50,21968,3016],{"class":101},[50,21970,9259],{"class":64},[50,21972,9262],{"class":64},[50,21974,1736],{"class":68},[50,21976,21875],{"class":72},[50,21978,1736],{"class":68},[50,21980,89],{"class":64},[50,21982,2473],{"class":101},[50,21984,9275],{"class":64},[20,21986,21987,21988,21990],{},"This happens because ",[15,21989,9288],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[219,21992,21994,21995],{"id":21993},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21996,1852],{},[20,21998,21999,22000,78],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22001,1852],{},[41,22003,22005],{"className":43,"code":22004,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22006,22007,22060,22064,22084],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22008,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22010,263],{"class":56},[50,22012,61],{"class":60},[50,22014,65],{"class":64},[50,22016,69],{"class":68},[50,22018,73],{"class":72},[50,22020,69],{"class":68},[50,22022,78],{"class":64},[50,22024,81],{"class":68},[50,22026,1051],{"class":72},[50,22028,69],{"class":68},[50,22030,89],{"class":64},[50,22032,81],{"class":68},[50,22034,289],{"class":72},[50,22036,69],{"class":68},[50,22038,78],{"class":64},[50,22040,81],{"class":68},[50,22042,22043],{"class":72},"A",[50,22045,69],{"class":68},[50,22047,89],{"class":64},[50,22049,81],{"class":68},[50,22051,94],{"class":72},[50,22053,69],{"class":68},[50,22055,78],{"class":64},[50,22057,13864],{"class":101},[50,22059,105],{"class":64},[50,22061,22062],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22063,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22065,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22067,5982],{"class":1622},[50,22069,21377],{"class":56},[50,22071,89],{"class":64},[50,22073,21382],{"class":56},[50,22075,1562],{"class":1622},[50,22077,12915],{"class":56},[50,22079,129],{"class":64},[50,22081,7836],{"class":125},[50,22083,21393],{"class":64},[50,22085,22086,22088,22090,22093,22095,22097,22099,22102,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,22087,8094],{"class":118},[50,22089,122],{"class":64},[50,22091,22092],{"class":2085},"f",[50,22094,69],{"class":72},[50,22096,9304],{"class":101},[50,22098,411],{"class":125},[50,22100,22101],{"class":101},"}",[50,22103,22104],{"class":72},": ",[50,22106,9304],{"class":101},[50,22108,2495],{"class":125},[50,22110,22101],{"class":101},[50,22112,69],{"class":72},[50,22114,414],{"class":64},[20,22116,22117],{},[997,22118,2091],{},[41,22120,22122],{"className":43,"code":22121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22123,22124,22133,22142],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22125,22126,22128,22130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22127,73],{"class":56},[50,22129,78],{"class":64},[50,22131,22132],{"class":56}," Mia\n",[50,22134,22135,22137,22139],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22136,289],{"class":56},[50,22138,78],{"class":64},[50,22140,22141],{"class":56}," A\n",[50,22143,22144,22146,22148],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22145,94],{"class":56},[50,22147,78],{"class":64},[50,22149,22150],{"class":101}," 14\n",[20,22152,22153],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[41,22155,22157],{"className":43,"code":22156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22158,22159,22211,22215,22227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22160,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22162,263],{"class":56},[50,22164,61],{"class":60},[50,22166,65],{"class":64},[50,22168,69],{"class":68},[50,22170,73],{"class":72},[50,22172,69],{"class":68},[50,22174,78],{"class":64},[50,22176,81],{"class":68},[50,22178,1051],{"class":72},[50,22180,69],{"class":68},[50,22182,89],{"class":64},[50,22184,81],{"class":68},[50,22186,289],{"class":72},[50,22188,69],{"class":68},[50,22190,78],{"class":64},[50,22192,81],{"class":68},[50,22194,22043],{"class":72},[50,22196,69],{"class":68},[50,22198,89],{"class":64},[50,22200,81],{"class":68},[50,22202,94],{"class":72},[50,22204,69],{"class":68},[50,22206,78],{"class":64},[50,22208,13864],{"class":101},[50,22210,105],{"class":64},[50,22212,22213],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22214,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22216,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22218,5982],{"class":1622},[50,22220,18202],{"class":56},[50,22222,1562],{"class":1622},[50,22224,12915],{"class":56},[50,22226,6417],{"class":64},[50,22228,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,22230,8094],{"class":118},[50,22232,122],{"class":64},[50,22234,22092],{"class":2085},[50,22236,69],{"class":72},[50,22238,9304],{"class":101},[50,22240,411],{"class":125},[50,22242,22101],{"class":101},[50,22244,22104],{"class":72},[50,22246,9304],{"class":101},[50,22248,311],{"class":125},[50,22250,779],{"class":64},[50,22252,411],{"class":125},[50,22254,13281],{"class":64},[50,22256,22101],{"class":101},[50,22258,69],{"class":72},[50,22260,414],{"class":64},[20,22262,6535,22263,22266],{},[15,22264,22265],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22268,22269,22270,129],{},"For a full guide, see ",[380,22271,22273],{"href":22272},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[219,22275,22277],{"id":22276},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22279,22280],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[41,22282,22284],{"className":43,"code":22283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22285,22286,22345,22349,22369,22373],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22287,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22323,22325,22327,22329,22332,22334,22336,22338,22341,22343],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22289,13084],{"class":56},[50,22291,61],{"class":60},[50,22293,65],{"class":64},[50,22295,69],{"class":68},[50,22297,4102],{"class":72},[50,22299,69],{"class":68},[50,22301,78],{"class":64},[50,22303,81],{"class":68},[50,22305,13101],{"class":72},[50,22307,69],{"class":68},[50,22309,89],{"class":64},[50,22311,81],{"class":68},[50,22313,4111],{"class":72},[50,22315,69],{"class":68},[50,22317,78],{"class":64},[50,22319,81],{"class":68},[50,22321,22322],{"class":72},"yellow",[50,22324,69],{"class":68},[50,22326,89],{"class":64},[50,22328,81],{"class":68},[50,22330,22331],{"class":72},"grape",[50,22333,69],{"class":68},[50,22335,78],{"class":64},[50,22337,81],{"class":68},[50,22339,22340],{"class":72},"purple",[50,22342,69],{"class":68},[50,22344,105],{"class":64},[50,22346,22347],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22348,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22350,22351,22354,22356,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22352,22353],{"class":56},"pairs_list ",[50,22355,61],{"class":60},[50,22357,22358],{"class":1779}," list",[50,22360,122],{"class":64},[50,22362,17495],{"class":125},[50,22364,129],{"class":64},[50,22366,7836],{"class":125},[50,22368,1727],{"class":64},[50,22370,22371],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,22372,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22374,22375,22377,22379,22382],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,22376,119],{"class":118},[50,22378,122],{"class":64},[50,22380,22381],{"class":125},"pairs_list",[50,22383,414],{"class":64},[20,22385,22386],{},[997,22387,2091],{},[41,22389,22391],{"className":43,"code":22390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22392,22393],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22394,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22396,21538],{"class":64},[50,22398,1736],{"class":68},[50,22400,4102],{"class":72},[50,22402,1736],{"class":68},[50,22404,89],{"class":64},[50,22406,3321],{"class":68},[50,22408,13101],{"class":72},[50,22410,1736],{"class":68},[50,22412,9259],{"class":64},[50,22414,9262],{"class":64},[50,22416,1736],{"class":68},[50,22418,4111],{"class":72},[50,22420,1736],{"class":68},[50,22422,89],{"class":64},[50,22424,3321],{"class":68},[50,22426,22322],{"class":72},[50,22428,1736],{"class":68},[50,22430,9259],{"class":64},[50,22432,9262],{"class":64},[50,22434,1736],{"class":68},[50,22436,22331],{"class":72},[50,22438,1736],{"class":68},[50,22440,89],{"class":64},[50,22442,3321],{"class":68},[50,22444,22340],{"class":72},[50,22446,1736],{"class":68},[50,22448,9275],{"class":64},[20,22450,22451],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22453,22454],{},"Use this when:",[233,22456,22457,22460,22463],{},[236,22458,22459],{},"You want clearer printed output",[236,22461,22462],{},"You need list behavior",[236,22464,22465],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[219,22467,22469,10608,22471,10608,22473],{"id":22468},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22470,1852],{},[15,22472,1844],{},[15,22474,17068],{},[20,22476,22477],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[233,22479,22480,22485,22490],{},[236,22481,22482,22484],{},[15,22483,1852],{}," gives both key and value",[236,22486,22487,22489],{},[15,22488,1844],{}," gives only keys",[236,22491,22492,22494],{},[15,22493,17068],{}," gives only values",[20,22496,253],{},[41,22498,22500],{"className":43,"code":22499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22501,22502,22538,22542,22560,22578],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22503,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22505,57],{"class":56},[50,22507,61],{"class":60},[50,22509,65],{"class":64},[50,22511,69],{"class":68},[50,22513,73],{"class":72},[50,22515,69],{"class":68},[50,22517,78],{"class":64},[50,22519,81],{"class":68},[50,22521,84],{"class":72},[50,22523,69],{"class":68},[50,22525,89],{"class":64},[50,22527,81],{"class":68},[50,22529,94],{"class":72},[50,22531,69],{"class":68},[50,22533,78],{"class":64},[50,22535,102],{"class":101},[50,22537,105],{"class":64},[50,22539,22540],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22541,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22543,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22545,119],{"class":118},[50,22547,122],{"class":64},[50,22549,8119],{"class":1779},[50,22551,122],{"class":64},[50,22553,126],{"class":125},[50,22555,129],{"class":64},[50,22557,1724],{"class":125},[50,22559,6314],{"class":64},[50,22561,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,22563,119],{"class":118},[50,22565,122],{"class":64},[50,22567,8119],{"class":1779},[50,22569,122],{"class":64},[50,22571,126],{"class":125},[50,22573,129],{"class":64},[50,22575,5382],{"class":125},[50,22577,6314],{"class":64},[50,22579,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,22581,119],{"class":118},[50,22583,122],{"class":64},[50,22585,8119],{"class":1779},[50,22587,122],{"class":64},[50,22589,126],{"class":125},[50,22591,129],{"class":64},[50,22593,7836],{"class":125},[50,22595,6314],{"class":64},[20,22597,22598],{},[997,22599,2091],{},[41,22601,22603],{"className":43,"code":22602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22604,22605,22625,22641],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22606,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22608,779],{"class":64},[50,22610,1736],{"class":68},[50,22612,73],{"class":72},[50,22614,1736],{"class":68},[50,22616,89],{"class":64},[50,22618,3321],{"class":68},[50,22620,94],{"class":72},[50,22622,1736],{"class":68},[50,22624,788],{"class":64},[50,22626,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22628,779],{"class":64},[50,22630,1736],{"class":68},[50,22632,84],{"class":72},[50,22634,1736],{"class":68},[50,22636,89],{"class":64},[50,22638,102],{"class":101},[50,22640,788],{"class":64},[50,22642,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22644,21538],{"class":64},[50,22646,1736],{"class":68},[50,22648,73],{"class":72},[50,22650,1736],{"class":68},[50,22652,89],{"class":64},[50,22654,3321],{"class":68},[50,22656,84],{"class":72},[50,22658,1736],{"class":68},[50,22660,9259],{"class":64},[50,22662,9262],{"class":64},[50,22664,1736],{"class":68},[50,22666,94],{"class":72},[50,22668,1736],{"class":68},[50,22670,89],{"class":64},[50,22672,102],{"class":101},[50,22674,9275],{"class":64},[20,22676,22677],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[233,22679,22680,22688,22696],{},[236,22681,22682,22683],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[380,22684,22686],{"href":22685},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22687,1844],{},[236,22689,22690,22691],{},"Need just values? Use ",[380,22692,22694],{"href":22693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22695,17068],{},[236,22697,22698,22699],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22700,1852],{},[219,22702,582,22704],{"id":22703},"when-to-use-items",[15,22705,1852],{},[20,22707,22708,22710],{},[15,22709,1852],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[233,22712,22713,22716,22719,22722,22725],{},[236,22714,22715],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[236,22717,22718],{},"Building formatted output",[236,22720,22721],{},"Looping through settings and values",[236,22723,22724],{},"Showing names with scores",[236,22726,22727],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22729,253],{},[41,22731,22733],{"className":43,"code":22732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22734,22735,22743,22761,22780,22792,22796,22800,22821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22736,22737,22739,22741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22738,466],{"class":56},[50,22740,61],{"class":60},[50,22742,11507],{"class":64},[50,22744,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22746,11512],{"class":68},[50,22748,475],{"class":72},[50,22750,69],{"class":68},[50,22752,78],{"class":64},[50,22754,81],{"class":68},[50,22756,484],{"class":72},[50,22758,69],{"class":68},[50,22760,11528],{"class":64},[50,22762,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22776,22778],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22764,11512],{"class":68},[50,22766,537],{"class":72},[50,22768,69],{"class":68},[50,22770,78],{"class":64},[50,22772,81],{"class":68},[50,22774,22775],{"class":72},"English",[50,22777,69],{"class":68},[50,22779,11528],{"class":64},[50,22781,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,22783,11512],{"class":68},[50,22785,18515],{"class":72},[50,22787,69],{"class":68},[50,22789,78],{"class":64},[50,22791,6447],{"class":1494},[50,22793,22794],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,22795,105],{"class":64},[50,22797,22798],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,22799,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22801,22802,22804,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,22803,5982],{"class":1622},[50,22805,22806],{"class":56}," setting",[50,22808,89],{"class":64},[50,22810,21382],{"class":56},[50,22812,1562],{"class":1622},[50,22814,13876],{"class":56},[50,22816,129],{"class":64},[50,22818,7836],{"class":125},[50,22820,21393],{"class":64},[50,22822,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22836,22838,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,22824,8094],{"class":118},[50,22826,122],{"class":64},[50,22828,22092],{"class":2085},[50,22830,69],{"class":72},[50,22832,9304],{"class":101},[50,22834,22835],{"class":125},"setting",[50,22837,22101],{"class":101},[50,22839,22840],{"class":72}," = ",[50,22842,9304],{"class":101},[50,22844,2495],{"class":125},[50,22846,22101],{"class":101},[50,22848,69],{"class":72},[50,22850,414],{"class":64},[20,22852,22853],{},[997,22854,2091],{},[41,22856,22858],{"className":43,"code":22857,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22859,22860,22870,22880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22861,22862,22865,22867],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22863,22864],{"class":56},"theme ",[50,22866,61],{"class":60},[50,22868,22869],{"class":56}," dark\n",[50,22871,22872,22875,22877],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22873,22874],{"class":56},"language ",[50,22876,61],{"class":60},[50,22878,22879],{"class":56}," English\n",[50,22881,22882,22885,22887],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22883,22884],{"class":56},"notifications ",[50,22886,61],{"class":60},[50,22888,6447],{"class":1494},[219,22890,1663],{"id":1662},[20,22892,22893,22894,129],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22895,1852],{},[811,22897,22899,22900,22902],{"id":22898},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22901,1852],{}," incorrectly",[20,22904,22905,22906,22908,22909,22912],{},"Each result from ",[15,22907,1852],{}," has ",[997,22910,22911],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22914,6713],{},[41,22916,22917],{"className":43,"code":21328,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,22918,22919,22955,22959,22979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22920,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22922,57],{"class":56},[50,22924,61],{"class":60},[50,22926,65],{"class":64},[50,22928,69],{"class":68},[50,22930,73],{"class":72},[50,22932,69],{"class":68},[50,22934,78],{"class":64},[50,22936,81],{"class":68},[50,22938,84],{"class":72},[50,22940,69],{"class":68},[50,22942,89],{"class":64},[50,22944,81],{"class":68},[50,22946,94],{"class":72},[50,22948,69],{"class":68},[50,22950,78],{"class":64},[50,22952,102],{"class":101},[50,22954,105],{"class":64},[50,22956,22957],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22958,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22960,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22962,5982],{"class":1622},[50,22964,21377],{"class":56},[50,22966,89],{"class":64},[50,22968,21382],{"class":56},[50,22970,1562],{"class":1622},[50,22972,13255],{"class":56},[50,22974,129],{"class":64},[50,22976,7836],{"class":125},[50,22978,21393],{"class":64},[50,22980,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,22982,8094],{"class":118},[50,22984,122],{"class":64},[50,22986,411],{"class":125},[50,22988,89],{"class":64},[50,22990,8460],{"class":125},[50,22992,414],{"class":64},[20,22994,22995],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[41,22997,22999],{"className":43,"code":22998,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23000,23001,23037,23041,23057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23002,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23004,57],{"class":56},[50,23006,61],{"class":60},[50,23008,65],{"class":64},[50,23010,69],{"class":68},[50,23012,73],{"class":72},[50,23014,69],{"class":68},[50,23016,78],{"class":64},[50,23018,81],{"class":68},[50,23020,84],{"class":72},[50,23022,69],{"class":68},[50,23024,89],{"class":64},[50,23026,81],{"class":68},[50,23028,94],{"class":72},[50,23030,69],{"class":68},[50,23032,78],{"class":64},[50,23034,102],{"class":101},[50,23036,105],{"class":64},[50,23038,23039],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23040,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23042,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23044,5982],{"class":1622},[50,23046,18202],{"class":56},[50,23048,1562],{"class":1622},[50,23050,13255],{"class":56},[50,23052,129],{"class":64},[50,23054,7836],{"class":125},[50,23056,21393],{"class":64},[50,23058,23059,23061,23063,23065],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,23060,8094],{"class":118},[50,23062,122],{"class":64},[50,23064,411],{"class":125},[50,23066,414],{"class":64},[20,23068,23069,23070,23072,23073,23076],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23071,411],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23074,23075],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23078,23079],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[41,23081,23083],{"className":43,"code":23082,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23084,23085,23101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23086,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23088,5982],{"class":1622},[50,23090,5985],{"class":56},[50,23092,1562],{"class":1622},[50,23094,13255],{"class":56},[50,23096,129],{"class":64},[50,23098,7836],{"class":125},[50,23100,21393],{"class":64},[50,23102,23103,23105,23107,23110],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23104,8094],{"class":118},[50,23106,122],{"class":64},[50,23108,23109],{"class":125},"item",[50,23111,414],{"class":64},[20,23113,23114],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[41,23116,23118],{"className":43,"code":23117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23119,23120,23140],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23121,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23123,5982],{"class":1622},[50,23125,21377],{"class":56},[50,23127,89],{"class":64},[50,23129,21382],{"class":56},[50,23131,1562],{"class":1622},[50,23133,13255],{"class":56},[50,23135,129],{"class":64},[50,23137,7836],{"class":125},[50,23139,21393],{"class":64},[50,23141,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23143,8094],{"class":118},[50,23145,122],{"class":64},[50,23147,411],{"class":125},[50,23149,89],{"class":64},[50,23151,8460],{"class":125},[50,23153,414],{"class":64},[811,23155,8480,23157,23159],{"id":23156},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23158,1852],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23161,23162,21773,23164,23166],{},[15,23163,1852],{},[15,23165,21706],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23168,23169],{},"Check it:",[41,23171,23173],{"className":43,"code":23172,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23174,23175,23207,23211,23225,23243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23176,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23178,11738],{"class":56},[50,23180,61],{"class":60},[50,23182,65],{"class":64},[50,23184,69],{"class":68},[50,23186,380],{"class":72},[50,23188,69],{"class":68},[50,23190,78],{"class":64},[50,23192,5521],{"class":101},[50,23194,89],{"class":64},[50,23196,81],{"class":68},[50,23198,4784],{"class":72},[50,23200,69],{"class":68},[50,23202,78],{"class":64},[50,23204,3016],{"class":101},[50,23206,105],{"class":64},[50,23208,23209],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23210,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23212,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23214,119],{"class":118},[50,23216,122],{"class":64},[50,23218,1709],{"class":125},[50,23220,129],{"class":64},[50,23222,7836],{"class":125},[50,23224,1727],{"class":64},[50,23226,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,23228,119],{"class":118},[50,23230,122],{"class":64},[50,23232,1780],{"class":1779},[50,23234,122],{"class":64},[50,23236,1709],{"class":125},[50,23238,129],{"class":64},[50,23240,7836],{"class":125},[50,23242,6314],{"class":64},[50,23244,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,23246,119],{"class":118},[50,23248,122],{"class":64},[50,23250,8119],{"class":1779},[50,23252,122],{"class":64},[50,23254,1709],{"class":125},[50,23256,129],{"class":64},[50,23258,7836],{"class":125},[50,23260,6314],{"class":64},[20,23262,23263],{},[997,23264,2091],{},[41,23266,23268],{"className":43,"code":23267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23269,23270,23302,23316],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23271,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23273,21706],{"class":125},[50,23275,9681],{"class":64},[50,23277,1736],{"class":68},[50,23279,380],{"class":72},[50,23281,1736],{"class":68},[50,23283,89],{"class":64},[50,23285,5521],{"class":101},[50,23287,9259],{"class":64},[50,23289,9262],{"class":64},[50,23291,1736],{"class":68},[50,23293,4784],{"class":72},[50,23295,1736],{"class":68},[50,23297,89],{"class":64},[50,23299,3016],{"class":101},[50,23301,10701],{"class":64},[50,23303,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23305,3315],{"class":60},[50,23307,3318],{"class":2085},[50,23309,3321],{"class":68},[50,23311,21706],{"class":72},[50,23313,1736],{"class":68},[50,23315,3328],{"class":60},[50,23317,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23319,21538],{"class":64},[50,23321,1736],{"class":68},[50,23323,380],{"class":72},[50,23325,1736],{"class":68},[50,23327,89],{"class":64},[50,23329,5521],{"class":101},[50,23331,9259],{"class":64},[50,23333,9262],{"class":64},[50,23335,1736],{"class":68},[50,23337,4784],{"class":72},[50,23339,1736],{"class":68},[50,23341,89],{"class":64},[50,23343,3016],{"class":101},[50,23345,9275],{"class":64},[811,23347,23349,23350],{"id":23348},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23351,1852],{},[20,23353,23354],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23356,23357],{},"Problem example:",[41,23359,23361],{"className":43,"code":23360,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23362,23363,23407,23411,23431,23443],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23364,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23366,3647],{"class":56},[50,23368,61],{"class":60},[50,23370,65],{"class":64},[50,23372,69],{"class":68},[50,23374,380],{"class":72},[50,23376,69],{"class":68},[50,23378,78],{"class":64},[50,23380,5521],{"class":101},[50,23382,89],{"class":64},[50,23384,81],{"class":68},[50,23386,4784],{"class":72},[50,23388,69],{"class":68},[50,23390,78],{"class":64},[50,23392,3016],{"class":101},[50,23394,89],{"class":64},[50,23396,81],{"class":68},[50,23398,9763],{"class":72},[50,23400,69],{"class":68},[50,23402,78],{"class":64},[50,23404,2473],{"class":101},[50,23406,105],{"class":64},[50,23408,23409],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23410,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23412,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23414,5982],{"class":1622},[50,23416,21377],{"class":56},[50,23418,89],{"class":64},[50,23420,21382],{"class":56},[50,23422,1562],{"class":1622},[50,23424,4287],{"class":56},[50,23426,129],{"class":64},[50,23428,7836],{"class":125},[50,23430,21393],{"class":64},[50,23432,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,23434,6422],{"class":1622},[50,23436,21382],{"class":56},[50,23438,4712],{"class":60},[50,23440,3016],{"class":101},[50,23442,6417],{"class":64},[50,23444,23445,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,23446,23447],{"class":56},"        numbers",[50,23449,779],{"class":64},[50,23451,69],{"class":68},[50,23453,18757],{"class":72},[50,23455,69],{"class":68},[50,23457,13281],{"class":64},[50,23459,13284],{"class":60},[50,23461,23462],{"class":101}," 4\n",[20,23464,23465],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23467,23468],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[41,23470,23472],{"className":43,"code":23471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23473,23474,23518,23522,23547,23559,23577,23581],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23475,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23477,3647],{"class":56},[50,23479,61],{"class":60},[50,23481,65],{"class":64},[50,23483,69],{"class":68},[50,23485,380],{"class":72},[50,23487,69],{"class":68},[50,23489,78],{"class":64},[50,23491,5521],{"class":101},[50,23493,89],{"class":64},[50,23495,81],{"class":68},[50,23497,4784],{"class":72},[50,23499,69],{"class":68},[50,23501,78],{"class":64},[50,23503,3016],{"class":101},[50,23505,89],{"class":64},[50,23507,81],{"class":68},[50,23509,9763],{"class":72},[50,23511,69],{"class":68},[50,23513,78],{"class":64},[50,23515,2473],{"class":101},[50,23517,105],{"class":64},[50,23519,23520],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23521,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23523,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23525,5982],{"class":1622},[50,23527,21377],{"class":56},[50,23529,89],{"class":64},[50,23531,21382],{"class":56},[50,23533,1562],{"class":1622},[50,23535,22358],{"class":1779},[50,23537,122],{"class":64},[50,23539,3678],{"class":125},[50,23541,129],{"class":64},[50,23543,7836],{"class":125},[50,23545,23546],{"class":64},"()):\n",[50,23548,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,23550,6422],{"class":1622},[50,23552,21382],{"class":56},[50,23554,4712],{"class":60},[50,23556,3016],{"class":101},[50,23558,6417],{"class":64},[50,23560,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,23562,23447],{"class":56},[50,23564,779],{"class":64},[50,23566,69],{"class":68},[50,23568,18757],{"class":72},[50,23570,69],{"class":68},[50,23572,13281],{"class":64},[50,23574,13284],{"class":60},[50,23576,23462],{"class":101},[50,23578,23579],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,23580,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23582,23583,23585,23587,23589],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,23584,119],{"class":118},[50,23586,122],{"class":64},[50,23588,3678],{"class":125},[50,23590,414],{"class":64},[811,23592,23594],{"id":23593},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23596,23597],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[41,23599,23601],{"className":43,"code":23600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23602,23603,23635,23639,23655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23604,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23606,829],{"class":56},[50,23608,61],{"class":60},[50,23610,65],{"class":64},[50,23612,69],{"class":68},[50,23614,2194],{"class":72},[50,23616,69],{"class":68},[50,23618,78],{"class":64},[50,23620,1144],{"class":101},[50,23622,89],{"class":64},[50,23624,81],{"class":68},[50,23626,11759],{"class":72},[50,23628,69],{"class":68},[50,23630,78],{"class":64},[50,23632,7816],{"class":101},[50,23634,105],{"class":64},[50,23636,23637],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23638,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23640,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23642,5982],{"class":1622},[50,23644,5985],{"class":56},[50,23646,1562],{"class":1622},[50,23648,1626],{"class":56},[50,23650,129],{"class":64},[50,23652,7836],{"class":125},[50,23654,21393],{"class":64},[50,23656,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,23658,8094],{"class":118},[50,23660,122],{"class":64},[50,23662,23109],{"class":125},[50,23664,414],{"class":64},[20,23666,23667],{},[997,23668,2091],{},[41,23670,23672],{"className":43,"code":23671,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23673,23674,23690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23675,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23677,122],{"class":64},[50,23679,1736],{"class":68},[50,23681,2194],{"class":72},[50,23683,1736],{"class":68},[50,23685,89],{"class":64},[50,23687,1144],{"class":101},[50,23689,414],{"class":64},[50,23691,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23693,122],{"class":64},[50,23695,1736],{"class":68},[50,23697,11759],{"class":72},[50,23699,1736],{"class":68},[50,23701,89],{"class":64},[50,23703,7816],{"class":101},[50,23705,414],{"class":64},[20,23707,23708,23709,23711],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23710,21453],{}," pair.",[219,23713,1857],{"id":1856},[811,23715,23717,23718,5167],{"id":23716},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23719,1852],{},[20,23721,17414,23722,23724],{},[15,23723,21706],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[811,23726,1861,23728,23730],{"id":23727},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23729,1852],{}," return a list?",[20,23732,23733,23734,23737],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23735,23736],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[811,23739,23741,23742,1867],{"id":23740},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23743,1852],{},[20,23745,23746],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[41,23748,23750],{"className":43,"code":23749,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23751,23752,23772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23753,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23755,5982],{"class":1622},[50,23757,21377],{"class":56},[50,23759,89],{"class":64},[50,23761,21382],{"class":56},[50,23763,1562],{"class":1622},[50,23765,1745],{"class":56},[50,23767,129],{"class":64},[50,23769,7836],{"class":125},[50,23771,21393],{"class":64},[50,23773,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23775,8094],{"class":118},[50,23777,122],{"class":64},[50,23779,411],{"class":125},[50,23781,89],{"class":64},[50,23783,8460],{"class":125},[50,23785,414],{"class":64},[811,23787,1861,23789,23791],{"id":23788},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23790,1852],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23793,23794],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[219,23796,1909],{"id":1908},[233,23798,23799,23805,23811,23816,23820],{},[236,23800,23801],{},[380,23802,1920,23803,1845],{"href":22685},[15,23804,1844],{},[236,23806,23807],{},[380,23808,1920,23809,1845],{"href":22693},[15,23810,17068],{},[236,23812,23813],{},[380,23814,23815],{"href":22272},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[236,23817,23818],{},[380,23819,383],{"href":13031},[236,23821,23822],{},[380,23823,23824],{"href":21576},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1944,23826,23827],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":23829},[23830,23831,23833,23834,23835,23837,23838,23840,23842,23851,23861],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":21436,"depth":108,"text":23832},"What items() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":21767,"depth":108,"text":21768},{"id":21993,"depth":108,"text":23836},"Looping with items()",{"id":22276,"depth":108,"text":22277},{"id":22468,"depth":108,"text":23839},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22703,"depth":108,"text":23841},"When to use items()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":23843},[23844,23846,23848,23850],{"id":22898,"depth":115,"text":23845},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23156,"depth":115,"text":23847},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23348,"depth":115,"text":23849},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23593,"depth":115,"text":23594},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":23852},[23853,23855,23857,23859],{"id":23716,"depth":115,"text":23854},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23727,"depth":115,"text":23856},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23740,"depth":115,"text":23858},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23788,"depth":115,"text":23860},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21304,"description":23862},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23869,"title":23870,"body":23871,"description":25962,"extension":1981,"meta":25963,"navigation":111,"path":22685,"seo":25964,"stem":25965,"__hash__":25966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23872,"toc":25928},[23873,23878,23884,23887,23898,23905,23907,23990,23994,24041,24046,24051,24056,24058,24074,24076,24175,24179,24236,24239,24241,24244,24337,24341,24404,24407,24423,24428,24430,24432,24447,24449,24460,24462,24505,24508,24552,24555,24557,24564,24567,24584,24586,24679,24683,24724,24736,24740,24743,24831,24835,24855,24858,24885,24892,24897,24901,24912,24914,25018,25022,25048,25051,25118,25123,25126,25149,25154,25158,25163,25169,25174,25176,25231,25235,25262,25269,25275,25278,25303,25309,25335,25338,25413,25420,25425,25427,25466,25484,25488,25491,25534,25537,25539,25558,25560,25565,25590,25593,25663,25666,25739,25743,25745,25806,25809,25825,25827,25832,25837,25844,25853,25859,25865,25872,25878,25882,25887,25889,25925],[10,23874,13,23876,18],{"id":23875},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23877,1844],{},[20,23879,23880,23881,23883],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23882,1844],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23885,23886],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[233,23888,23889,23892,23895],{},[236,23890,23891],{},"view the available keys",[236,23893,23894],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[236,23896,23897],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23899,23900,23902,23903,129],{},[15,23901,1844],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23904,17013],{},[219,23906,2022],{"id":2021},[41,23908,23910],{"className":43,"code":23909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23911,23912,23948,23962,23966,23976],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23913,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23915,263],{"class":56},[50,23917,61],{"class":60},[50,23919,65],{"class":64},[50,23921,69],{"class":68},[50,23923,73],{"class":72},[50,23925,69],{"class":68},[50,23927,78],{"class":64},[50,23929,81],{"class":68},[50,23931,84],{"class":72},[50,23933,69],{"class":68},[50,23935,89],{"class":64},[50,23937,81],{"class":68},[50,23939,94],{"class":72},[50,23941,69],{"class":68},[50,23943,78],{"class":64},[50,23945,7816],{"class":101},[50,23947,105],{"class":64},[50,23949,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23951,17235],{"class":56},[50,23953,61],{"class":60},[50,23955,12915],{"class":56},[50,23957,129],{"class":64},[50,23959,1724],{"class":125},[50,23961,8671],{"class":64},[50,23963,23964],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23965,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23967,23968,23970,23972,23974],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,23969,119],{"class":118},[50,23971,122],{"class":64},[50,23973,1724],{"class":125},[50,23975,414],{"class":64},[50,23977,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,23979,119],{"class":118},[50,23981,122],{"class":64},[50,23983,8119],{"class":1779},[50,23985,122],{"class":64},[50,23987,1724],{"class":125},[50,23989,1770],{"class":64},[20,23991,23992],{},[997,23993,2091],{},[41,23995,23997],{"className":43,"code":23996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23998,23999,24021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24000,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24002,17013],{"class":125},[50,24004,3008],{"class":64},[50,24006,1736],{"class":68},[50,24008,73],{"class":72},[50,24010,1736],{"class":68},[50,24012,89],{"class":64},[50,24014,3321],{"class":68},[50,24016,94],{"class":72},[50,24018,1736],{"class":68},[50,24020,3911],{"class":64},[50,24022,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24024,779],{"class":64},[50,24026,1736],{"class":68},[50,24028,73],{"class":72},[50,24030,1736],{"class":68},[50,24032,89],{"class":64},[50,24034,3321],{"class":68},[50,24036,94],{"class":72},[50,24038,1736],{"class":68},[50,24040,788],{"class":64},[20,24042,212,24043,24045],{},[15,24044,1844],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[219,24047,222,24049,225],{"id":24048},"what-keys-does",[15,24050,1844],{},[20,24052,24053,24055],{},[15,24054,1844],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24057,11473],{},[233,24059,24060,24063,24066,24071],{},[236,24061,24062],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[236,24064,24065],{},"It does not need any arguments",[236,24067,17414,24068,24070],{},[15,24069,17013],{}," view object, not a list",[236,24072,24073],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24075,253],{},[41,24077,24079],{"className":43,"code":24078,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24080,24081,24117,24121,24135,24139,24161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24082,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24084,57],{"class":56},[50,24086,61],{"class":60},[50,24088,65],{"class":64},[50,24090,69],{"class":68},[50,24092,73],{"class":72},[50,24094,69],{"class":68},[50,24096,78],{"class":64},[50,24098,81],{"class":68},[50,24100,13229],{"class":72},[50,24102,69],{"class":68},[50,24104,89],{"class":64},[50,24106,81],{"class":68},[50,24108,94],{"class":72},[50,24110,69],{"class":68},[50,24112,78],{"class":64},[50,24114,102],{"class":101},[50,24116,105],{"class":64},[50,24118,24119],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24120,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24122,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24124,119],{"class":118},[50,24126,122],{"class":64},[50,24128,126],{"class":125},[50,24130,129],{"class":64},[50,24132,1724],{"class":125},[50,24134,1727],{"class":64},[50,24136,24137],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,24138,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24140,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,24142,126],{"class":56},[50,24144,779],{"class":64},[50,24146,69],{"class":68},[50,24148,167],{"class":72},[50,24150,69],{"class":68},[50,24152,13281],{"class":64},[50,24154,13284],{"class":60},[50,24156,81],{"class":68},[50,24158,10439],{"class":72},[50,24160,3384],{"class":68},[50,24162,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,24164,119],{"class":118},[50,24166,122],{"class":64},[50,24168,126],{"class":125},[50,24170,129],{"class":64},[50,24172,1724],{"class":125},[50,24174,1727],{"class":64},[20,24176,24177],{},[997,24178,2091],{},[41,24180,24182],{"className":43,"code":24181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24183,24184,24206],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24185,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24187,17013],{"class":125},[50,24189,3008],{"class":64},[50,24191,1736],{"class":68},[50,24193,73],{"class":72},[50,24195,1736],{"class":68},[50,24197,89],{"class":64},[50,24199,3321],{"class":68},[50,24201,94],{"class":72},[50,24203,1736],{"class":68},[50,24205,3911],{"class":64},[50,24207,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24209,17013],{"class":125},[50,24211,3008],{"class":64},[50,24213,1736],{"class":68},[50,24215,73],{"class":72},[50,24217,1736],{"class":68},[50,24219,89],{"class":64},[50,24221,3321],{"class":68},[50,24223,94],{"class":72},[50,24225,1736],{"class":68},[50,24227,89],{"class":64},[50,24229,3321],{"class":68},[50,24231,167],{"class":72},[50,24233,1736],{"class":68},[50,24235,3911],{"class":64},[20,24237,24238],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[219,24240,5811],{"id":5810},[20,24242,24243],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[41,24245,24247],{"className":43,"code":24246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24248,24249,24301,24305,24319],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24250,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24252,829],{"class":56},[50,24254,61],{"class":60},[50,24256,65],{"class":64},[50,24258,69],{"class":68},[50,24260,73],{"class":72},[50,24262,69],{"class":68},[50,24264,78],{"class":64},[50,24266,81],{"class":68},[50,24268,84],{"class":72},[50,24270,69],{"class":68},[50,24272,89],{"class":64},[50,24274,81],{"class":68},[50,24276,94],{"class":72},[50,24278,69],{"class":68},[50,24280,78],{"class":64},[50,24282,7816],{"class":101},[50,24284,89],{"class":64},[50,24286,81],{"class":68},[50,24288,289],{"class":72},[50,24290,69],{"class":68},[50,24292,78],{"class":64},[50,24294,81],{"class":68},[50,24296,22043],{"class":72},[50,24298,69],{"class":68},[50,24300,105],{"class":64},[50,24302,24303],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24304,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24306,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24308,119],{"class":118},[50,24310,122],{"class":64},[50,24312,776],{"class":125},[50,24314,129],{"class":64},[50,24316,1724],{"class":125},[50,24318,1727],{"class":64},[50,24320,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,24322,119],{"class":118},[50,24324,122],{"class":64},[50,24326,8119],{"class":1779},[50,24328,122],{"class":64},[50,24330,776],{"class":125},[50,24332,129],{"class":64},[50,24334,1724],{"class":125},[50,24336,6314],{"class":64},[20,24338,24339],{},[997,24340,2091],{},[41,24342,24344],{"className":43,"code":24343,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24345,24346,24376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24347,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24349,17013],{"class":125},[50,24351,3008],{"class":64},[50,24353,1736],{"class":68},[50,24355,73],{"class":72},[50,24357,1736],{"class":68},[50,24359,89],{"class":64},[50,24361,3321],{"class":68},[50,24363,94],{"class":72},[50,24365,1736],{"class":68},[50,24367,89],{"class":64},[50,24369,3321],{"class":68},[50,24371,289],{"class":72},[50,24373,1736],{"class":68},[50,24375,3911],{"class":64},[50,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24379,779],{"class":64},[50,24381,1736],{"class":68},[50,24383,73],{"class":72},[50,24385,1736],{"class":68},[50,24387,89],{"class":64},[50,24389,3321],{"class":68},[50,24391,94],{"class":72},[50,24393,1736],{"class":68},[50,24395,89],{"class":64},[50,24397,3321],{"class":68},[50,24399,289],{"class":72},[50,24401,1736],{"class":68},[50,24403,788],{"class":64},[20,24405,24406],{},"This shows two things:",[233,24408,24409,24417],{},[236,24410,24411,21773,24414,24416],{},[15,24412,24413],{},"data.keys()",[15,24415,17013],{}," object",[236,24418,24419,24422],{},[15,24420,24421],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24424,9181,24425,129],{},[380,24426,24427],{"href":9414},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[219,24429,5454],{"id":5453},[20,24431,2180],{},[41,24433,24435],{"className":43,"code":24434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24436,24437],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24438,24439,24441,24443,24445],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24440,1709],{"class":56},[50,24442,129],{"class":64},[50,24444,1724],{"class":125},[50,24446,8671],{"class":64},[20,24448,21598],{},[233,24450,24451,24454,24457],{},[236,24452,24453],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[236,24455,24456],{},"It takes no parameters",[236,24458,24459],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24461,16655],{},[41,24463,24465],{"className":43,"code":24464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24466,24467,24491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24468,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24470,263],{"class":56},[50,24472,61],{"class":60},[50,24474,65],{"class":64},[50,24476,69],{"class":68},[50,24478,73],{"class":72},[50,24480,69],{"class":68},[50,24482,78],{"class":64},[50,24484,81],{"class":68},[50,24486,84],{"class":72},[50,24488,69],{"class":68},[50,24490,105],{"class":64},[50,24492,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24494,119],{"class":118},[50,24496,122],{"class":64},[50,24498,311],{"class":125},[50,24500,129],{"class":64},[50,24502,1724],{"class":125},[50,24504,1727],{"class":64},[20,24506,24507],{},"Incorrect:",[41,24509,24511],{"className":43,"code":24510,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24512,24513,24537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24514,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24516,263],{"class":56},[50,24518,61],{"class":60},[50,24520,65],{"class":64},[50,24522,69],{"class":68},[50,24524,73],{"class":72},[50,24526,69],{"class":68},[50,24528,78],{"class":64},[50,24530,81],{"class":68},[50,24532,84],{"class":72},[50,24534,69],{"class":68},[50,24536,105],{"class":64},[50,24538,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24550],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24540,119],{"class":118},[50,24542,122],{"class":64},[50,24544,311],{"class":125},[50,24546,129],{"class":64},[50,24548,1724],{"class":24549},"skxfh",[50,24551,414],{"class":64},[20,24553,24554],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[219,24556,17411],{"id":17410},[20,24558,24559,21773,24561,24563],{},[15,24560,1844],{},[15,24562,17013],{}," object.",[20,24565,24566],{},"This object:",[233,24568,24569,24572,24575,24581],{},[236,24570,24571],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[236,24573,24574],{},"can be used in a loop",[236,24576,24577,24578],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24579,24580],{},"list()",[236,24582,24583],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24585,253],{},[41,24587,24589],{"className":43,"code":24588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24590,24591,24632,24636,24651,24655,24665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24592,24593,24596,24598,24600,24602,24605,24607,24609,24611,24614,24616,24618,24620,24623,24625,24627,24630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24594,24595],{"class":56},"car ",[50,24597,61],{"class":60},[50,24599,65],{"class":64},[50,24601,69],{"class":68},[50,24603,24604],{"class":72},"brand",[50,24606,69],{"class":68},[50,24608,78],{"class":64},[50,24610,81],{"class":68},[50,24612,24613],{"class":72},"Toyota",[50,24615,69],{"class":68},[50,24617,89],{"class":64},[50,24619,81],{"class":68},[50,24621,24622],{"class":72},"year",[50,24624,69],{"class":68},[50,24626,78],{"class":64},[50,24628,24629],{"class":101}," 2020",[50,24631,105],{"class":64},[50,24633,24634],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24635,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24637,24638,24640,24642,24645,24647,24649],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24639,2250],{"class":56},[50,24641,61],{"class":60},[50,24643,24644],{"class":56}," car",[50,24646,129],{"class":64},[50,24648,1724],{"class":125},[50,24650,8671],{"class":64},[50,24652,24653],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,24654,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24656,24657,24659,24661,24663],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,24658,119],{"class":118},[50,24660,122],{"class":64},[50,24662,2285],{"class":125},[50,24664,414],{"class":64},[50,24666,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,24668,119],{"class":118},[50,24670,122],{"class":64},[50,24672,1780],{"class":1779},[50,24674,122],{"class":64},[50,24676,2285],{"class":125},[50,24678,1770],{"class":64},[20,24680,24681],{},[997,24682,2091],{},[41,24684,24686],{"className":43,"code":24685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24687,24688,24710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24689,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24691,17013],{"class":125},[50,24693,3008],{"class":64},[50,24695,1736],{"class":68},[50,24697,24604],{"class":72},[50,24699,1736],{"class":68},[50,24701,89],{"class":64},[50,24703,3321],{"class":68},[50,24705,24622],{"class":72},[50,24707,1736],{"class":68},[50,24709,3911],{"class":64},[50,24711,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24713,3315],{"class":60},[50,24715,3318],{"class":2085},[50,24717,3321],{"class":68},[50,24719,17013],{"class":72},[50,24721,1736],{"class":68},[50,24723,3328],{"class":60},[20,24725,24726,24727,24731,24732,129],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[380,24728,1920,24729,1845],{"href":17065},[15,24730,17068],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[380,24733,1920,24734,1845],{"href":1849},[15,24735,1852],{},[219,24737,24739],{"id":24738},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24741,24742],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[41,24744,24746],{"className":43,"code":24745,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24747,24748,24801,24805,24821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24749,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24797,24799],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24751,263],{"class":56},[50,24753,61],{"class":60},[50,24755,65],{"class":64},[50,24757,69],{"class":68},[50,24759,73],{"class":72},[50,24761,69],{"class":68},[50,24763,78],{"class":64},[50,24765,81],{"class":68},[50,24767,84],{"class":72},[50,24769,69],{"class":68},[50,24771,89],{"class":64},[50,24773,81],{"class":68},[50,24775,94],{"class":72},[50,24777,69],{"class":68},[50,24779,78],{"class":64},[50,24781,7816],{"class":101},[50,24783,89],{"class":64},[50,24785,81],{"class":68},[50,24787,15330],{"class":72},[50,24789,69],{"class":68},[50,24791,78],{"class":64},[50,24793,81],{"class":68},[50,24795,24796],{"class":72},"Math",[50,24798,69],{"class":68},[50,24800,105],{"class":64},[50,24802,24803],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24804,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24806,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24808,5982],{"class":1622},[50,24810,18202],{"class":56},[50,24812,1562],{"class":1622},[50,24814,12915],{"class":56},[50,24816,129],{"class":64},[50,24818,1724],{"class":125},[50,24820,21393],{"class":64},[50,24822,24823,24825,24827,24829],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,24824,8094],{"class":118},[50,24826,122],{"class":64},[50,24828,411],{"class":125},[50,24830,414],{"class":64},[20,24832,24833],{},[997,24834,2091],{},[41,24836,24838],{"className":43,"code":24837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24839,24840,24845,24850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24841,24842],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24843,24844],{"class":56},"name\n",[50,24846,24847],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24848,24849],{"class":56},"age\n",[50,24851,24852],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24853,24854],{"class":56},"course\n",[20,24856,24857],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[41,24859,24861],{"className":43,"code":24860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24862,24863,24875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24864,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24866,5982],{"class":1622},[50,24868,18202],{"class":56},[50,24870,1562],{"class":1622},[50,24872,12915],{"class":56},[50,24874,6417],{"class":64},[50,24876,24877,24879,24881,24883],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24878,8094],{"class":118},[50,24880,122],{"class":64},[50,24882,411],{"class":125},[50,24884,414],{"class":64},[20,24886,24887,24888,24891],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24889,24890],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[219,24893,582,24895],{"id":24894},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24896,1844],{},[20,24898,212,24899,589],{},[15,24900,1844],{},[233,24902,24903,24906,24909],{},[236,24904,24905],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[236,24907,24908],{},"you want to display available fields",[236,24910,24911],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24913,253],{},[41,24915,24917],{"className":43,"code":24916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24918,24919,24972,24976,24991,25008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24920,24921,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24941,24943,24945,24947,24950,24952,24954,24957,24959,24961,24964,24966,24968,24970],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24922,24923],{"class":56},"product ",[50,24925,61],{"class":60},[50,24927,65],{"class":64},[50,24929,69],{"class":68},[50,24931,73],{"class":72},[50,24933,69],{"class":68},[50,24935,78],{"class":64},[50,24937,81],{"class":68},[50,24939,24940],{"class":72},"Book",[50,24942,69],{"class":68},[50,24944,89],{"class":64},[50,24946,81],{"class":68},[50,24948,24949],{"class":72},"price",[50,24951,69],{"class":68},[50,24953,78],{"class":64},[50,24955,24956],{"class":101}," 12.99",[50,24958,89],{"class":64},[50,24960,81],{"class":68},[50,24962,24963],{"class":72},"stock",[50,24965,69],{"class":68},[50,24967,78],{"class":64},[50,24969,4629],{"class":101},[50,24971,105],{"class":64},[50,24973,24974],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24975,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24977,24978,24980,24982,24984,24987,24989],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24979,119],{"class":118},[50,24981,122],{"class":64},[50,24983,69],{"class":68},[50,24985,24986],{"class":72},"Available fields:",[50,24988,69],{"class":68},[50,24990,414],{"class":64},[50,24992,24993,24995,24997,24999,25002,25004,25006],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,24994,5982],{"class":1622},[50,24996,18202],{"class":56},[50,24998,1562],{"class":1622},[50,25000,25001],{"class":56}," product",[50,25003,129],{"class":64},[50,25005,1724],{"class":125},[50,25007,21393],{"class":64},[50,25009,25010,25012,25014,25016],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,25011,8094],{"class":118},[50,25013,122],{"class":64},[50,25015,411],{"class":125},[50,25017,414],{"class":64},[20,25019,25020],{},[997,25021,2091],{},[41,25023,25025],{"className":43,"code":25024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25026,25027,25034,25038,25043],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25028,25029,25032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25030,25031],{"class":56},"Available fields",[50,25033,6417],{"class":64},[50,25035,25036],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25037,24844],{"class":56},[50,25039,25040],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25041,25042],{"class":56},"price\n",[50,25044,25045],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,25046,25047],{"class":56},"stock\n",[20,25049,25050],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[41,25052,25054],{"className":43,"code":25053,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25055,25056,25092,25096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25057,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25059,24923],{"class":56},[50,25061,61],{"class":60},[50,25063,65],{"class":64},[50,25065,69],{"class":68},[50,25067,73],{"class":72},[50,25069,69],{"class":68},[50,25071,78],{"class":64},[50,25073,81],{"class":68},[50,25075,24940],{"class":72},[50,25077,69],{"class":68},[50,25079,89],{"class":64},[50,25081,81],{"class":68},[50,25083,24949],{"class":72},[50,25085,69],{"class":68},[50,25087,78],{"class":64},[50,25089,24956],{"class":101},[50,25091,105],{"class":64},[50,25093,25094],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25095,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25097,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25099,119],{"class":118},[50,25101,122],{"class":64},[50,25103,69],{"class":68},[50,25105,73],{"class":72},[50,25107,69],{"class":68},[50,25109,1623],{"class":1622},[50,25111,25001],{"class":125},[50,25113,129],{"class":64},[50,25115,1724],{"class":125},[50,25117,1727],{"class":64},[20,25119,25120,25121,129],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25122,3632],{},[20,25124,25125],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[41,25127,25129],{"className":43,"code":25128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25130,25131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25132,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25134,119],{"class":118},[50,25136,122],{"class":64},[50,25138,69],{"class":68},[50,25140,73],{"class":72},[50,25142,69],{"class":68},[50,25144,1623],{"class":1622},[50,25146,25001],{"class":125},[50,25148,414],{"class":64},[20,25150,25151,25152,129],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[380,25153,1659],{"href":1658},[219,25155,25157],{"id":25156},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25159,25160,25161,129],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25162,1844],{},[811,25164,8480,25166,25168],{"id":25165},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25167,1844],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25170,25171,25173],{},[15,25172,1844],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25175,253],{},[41,25177,25179],{"className":43,"code":25178,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25180,25181,25217],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25182,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25184,829],{"class":56},[50,25186,61],{"class":60},[50,25188,65],{"class":64},[50,25190,69],{"class":68},[50,25192,73],{"class":72},[50,25194,69],{"class":68},[50,25196,78],{"class":64},[50,25198,81],{"class":68},[50,25200,84],{"class":72},[50,25202,69],{"class":68},[50,25204,89],{"class":64},[50,25206,81],{"class":68},[50,25208,94],{"class":72},[50,25210,69],{"class":68},[50,25212,78],{"class":64},[50,25214,7816],{"class":101},[50,25216,105],{"class":64},[50,25218,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25220,119],{"class":118},[50,25222,122],{"class":64},[50,25224,776],{"class":125},[50,25226,129],{"class":64},[50,25228,1724],{"class":125},[50,25230,1727],{"class":64},[20,25232,25233],{},[997,25234,2091],{},[41,25236,25238],{"className":43,"code":25237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25239,25240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25241,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25243,17013],{"class":125},[50,25245,3008],{"class":64},[50,25247,1736],{"class":68},[50,25249,73],{"class":72},[50,25251,1736],{"class":68},[50,25253,89],{"class":64},[50,25255,3321],{"class":68},[50,25257,94],{"class":72},[50,25259,1736],{"class":68},[50,25261,3911],{"class":64},[20,25263,25264,25265,129],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[380,25266,25267],{"href":1849},[15,25268,1852],{},[811,25270,25272,25273],{"id":25271},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25274,17013],{},[20,25276,25277],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[41,25279,25281],{"className":43,"code":25280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25282,25283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25284,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25286,779],{"class":64},[50,25288,1736],{"class":68},[50,25290,73],{"class":72},[50,25292,1736],{"class":68},[50,25294,89],{"class":64},[50,25296,3321],{"class":68},[50,25298,94],{"class":72},[50,25300,1736],{"class":68},[50,25302,788],{"class":64},[20,25304,25305,25306,25308],{},"But ",[15,25307,1844],{}," returns:",[41,25310,25311],{"className":43,"code":25237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,25312,25313],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25314,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25316,17013],{"class":125},[50,25318,3008],{"class":64},[50,25320,1736],{"class":68},[50,25322,73],{"class":72},[50,25324,1736],{"class":68},[50,25326,89],{"class":64},[50,25328,3321],{"class":68},[50,25330,94],{"class":72},[50,25332,1736],{"class":68},[50,25334,3911],{"class":64},[20,25336,25337],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[41,25339,25341],{"className":43,"code":25340,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25342,25343,25379,25398,25402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25344,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25346,829],{"class":56},[50,25348,61],{"class":60},[50,25350,65],{"class":64},[50,25352,69],{"class":68},[50,25354,73],{"class":72},[50,25356,69],{"class":68},[50,25358,78],{"class":64},[50,25360,81],{"class":68},[50,25362,84],{"class":72},[50,25364,69],{"class":68},[50,25366,89],{"class":64},[50,25368,81],{"class":68},[50,25370,94],{"class":72},[50,25372,69],{"class":68},[50,25374,78],{"class":64},[50,25376,7816],{"class":101},[50,25378,105],{"class":64},[50,25380,25381,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25382,25383],{"class":56},"key_list ",[50,25385,61],{"class":60},[50,25387,22358],{"class":1779},[50,25389,122],{"class":64},[50,25391,776],{"class":125},[50,25393,129],{"class":64},[50,25395,1724],{"class":125},[50,25397,1727],{"class":64},[50,25399,25400],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25401,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25403,25404,25406,25408,25411],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,25405,119],{"class":118},[50,25407,122],{"class":64},[50,25409,25410],{"class":125},"key_list",[50,25412,414],{"class":64},[811,25414,25416,25417,25419],{"id":25415},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25418,1844],{}," on a list or string",[20,25421,25422,25424],{},[15,25423,1844],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25426,2859],{},[41,25428,25430],{"className":43,"code":25429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25431,25432,25452],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25433,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25435,3647],{"class":56},[50,25437,61],{"class":60},[50,25439,3652],{"class":64},[50,25441,3011],{"class":101},[50,25443,89],{"class":64},[50,25445,3016],{"class":101},[50,25447,89],{"class":64},[50,25449,2473],{"class":101},[50,25451,788],{"class":64},[50,25453,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25455,119],{"class":118},[50,25457,122],{"class":64},[50,25459,3678],{"class":125},[50,25461,129],{"class":64},[50,25463,1724],{"class":125},[50,25465,1727],{"class":64},[20,25467,25468,25469,25472,25473,25475,25476,129],{},"You may get an ",[15,25470,25471],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25474,1844],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[380,25477,25479,25480,25483],{"href":25478},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25481,25482],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[811,25485,25487],{"id":25486},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25489,25490],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[41,25492,25494],{"className":43,"code":25493,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25495,25496,25520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25497,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25499,829],{"class":56},[50,25501,61],{"class":60},[50,25503,65],{"class":64},[50,25505,69],{"class":68},[50,25507,73],{"class":72},[50,25509,69],{"class":68},[50,25511,78],{"class":64},[50,25513,81],{"class":68},[50,25515,84],{"class":72},[50,25517,69],{"class":68},[50,25519,105],{"class":64},[50,25521,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25523,119],{"class":118},[50,25525,122],{"class":64},[50,25527,776],{"class":125},[50,25529,129],{"class":64},[50,25531,1724],{"class":24549},[50,25533,414],{"class":64},[20,25535,25536],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25538,990],{},[41,25540,25542],{"className":43,"code":25541,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25543,25544],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25545,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25547,119],{"class":118},[50,25549,122],{"class":64},[50,25551,776],{"class":125},[50,25553,129],{"class":64},[50,25555,1724],{"class":125},[50,25557,1727],{"class":64},[219,25559,1663],{"id":1662},[20,25561,25562,25563,78],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25564,1844],{},[233,25566,25567,25572,25578,25584],{},[236,25568,8444,25569,25571],{},[15,25570,1844],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[236,25573,25574,25575,25577],{},"Thinking ",[15,25576,1844],{}," returns values too",[236,25579,25580,25581,25583],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25582,17013],{}," like a normal list",[236,25585,25586,25587,25589],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25588,17013],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25591,25592],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[41,25594,25596],{"className":43,"code":25595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25597,25598,25630,25644,25648,25658],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25599,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25601,829],{"class":56},[50,25603,61],{"class":60},[50,25605,65],{"class":64},[50,25607,69],{"class":68},[50,25609,380],{"class":72},[50,25611,69],{"class":68},[50,25613,78],{"class":64},[50,25615,5521],{"class":101},[50,25617,89],{"class":64},[50,25619,81],{"class":68},[50,25621,4784],{"class":72},[50,25623,69],{"class":68},[50,25625,78],{"class":64},[50,25627,3016],{"class":101},[50,25629,105],{"class":64},[50,25631,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25633,17235],{"class":56},[50,25635,61],{"class":60},[50,25637,1626],{"class":56},[50,25639,129],{"class":64},[50,25641,1724],{"class":125},[50,25643,8671],{"class":64},[50,25645,25646],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25647,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25649,25650,25652,25654,25656],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,25651,119],{"class":118},[50,25653,122],{"class":64},[50,25655,1724],{"class":125},[50,25657,414],{"class":64},[50,25659,25660],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,25661,25662],{"class":146},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25664,25665],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[41,25667,25669],{"className":43,"code":25668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25670,25671,25703,25721,25725],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25672,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25674,829],{"class":56},[50,25676,61],{"class":60},[50,25678,65],{"class":64},[50,25680,69],{"class":68},[50,25682,380],{"class":72},[50,25684,69],{"class":68},[50,25686,78],{"class":64},[50,25688,5521],{"class":101},[50,25690,89],{"class":64},[50,25692,81],{"class":68},[50,25694,4784],{"class":72},[50,25696,69],{"class":68},[50,25698,78],{"class":64},[50,25700,3016],{"class":101},[50,25702,105],{"class":64},[50,25704,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25706,17235],{"class":56},[50,25708,61],{"class":60},[50,25710,22358],{"class":1779},[50,25712,122],{"class":64},[50,25714,776],{"class":125},[50,25716,129],{"class":64},[50,25718,1724],{"class":125},[50,25720,1727],{"class":64},[50,25722,25723],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25724,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25726,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,25728,119],{"class":118},[50,25730,122],{"class":64},[50,25732,1724],{"class":125},[50,25734,779],{"class":64},[50,25736,1215],{"class":101},[50,25738,3911],{"class":64},[219,25740,25742],{"id":25741},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25744,11132],{},[41,25746,25748],{"className":43,"code":25747,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25749,25750,25764,25774,25788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25751,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25753,119],{"class":118},[50,25755,122],{"class":64},[50,25757,1780],{"class":1779},[50,25759,122],{"class":64},[50,25761,1709],{"class":125},[50,25763,1770],{"class":64},[50,25765,25766,25768,25770,25772],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25767,119],{"class":118},[50,25769,122],{"class":64},[50,25771,1709],{"class":125},[50,25773,414],{"class":64},[50,25775,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25777,119],{"class":118},[50,25779,122],{"class":64},[50,25781,1709],{"class":125},[50,25783,129],{"class":64},[50,25785,1724],{"class":125},[50,25787,1727],{"class":64},[50,25789,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,25791,119],{"class":118},[50,25793,122],{"class":64},[50,25795,8119],{"class":1779},[50,25797,122],{"class":64},[50,25799,1709],{"class":125},[50,25801,129],{"class":64},[50,25803,1724],{"class":125},[50,25805,6314],{"class":64},[20,25807,25808],{},"These help you confirm:",[233,25810,25811,25814,25817,25822],{},[236,25812,25813],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[236,25815,25816],{},"what data it contains",[236,25818,25819,25820,11719],{},"what ",[15,25821,1844],{},[236,25823,25824],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[219,25826,1857],{"id":1856},[811,25828,23717,25830,5167],{"id":25829},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25831,1844],{},[20,25833,17414,25834,25836],{},[15,25835,17013],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[811,25838,14907,25840,25843],{"id":25839},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25841,25842],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25845,25846,25847,25849,25850,129],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25848,17013],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25851,25852],{},"list(dict.keys())",[811,25854,25856,25857,1867],{"id":25855},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25858,25842],{},[20,25860,25861,25862,25864],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25863,5982],{}," loop.",[811,25866,25868,25869,25871],{"id":25867},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25870,1844],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25873,25874,25875,25877],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25876,1844],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[811,25879,25881],{"id":25880},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25883,212,25884,129],{},[15,25885,25886],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[219,25888,1909],{"id":1908},[233,25890,25891,25896,25902,25908,25914,25918],{},[236,25892,25893],{},[380,25894,25895],{"href":9414},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[236,25897,25898],{},[380,25899,1920,25900,1845],{"href":17065},[15,25901,17068],{},[236,25903,25904],{},[380,25905,1920,25906,1845],{"href":1849},[15,25907,1852],{},[236,25909,25910],{},[380,25911,25913],{"href":25912},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[236,25915,25916],{},[380,25917,1933],{"href":1658},[236,25919,25920],{},[380,25921,25922,25923,25483],{"href":25478},"How to fix ",[15,25924,25482],{},[1944,25926,25927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":25929},[25930,25931,25933,25934,25935,25936,25937,25939,25948,25949,25950,25961],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":24048,"depth":108,"text":25932},"What keys() does",{"id":5810,"depth":108,"text":5811},{"id":5453,"depth":108,"text":5454},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":24738,"depth":108,"text":24739},{"id":24894,"depth":108,"text":25938},"When to use keys()",{"id":25156,"depth":108,"text":25157,"children":25940},[25941,25943,25945,25947],{"id":25165,"depth":115,"text":25942},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25271,"depth":115,"text":25944},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25415,"depth":115,"text":25946},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25486,"depth":115,"text":25487},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":25741,"depth":108,"text":25742},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":25951},[25952,25954,25956,25958,25960],{"id":25829,"depth":115,"text":25953},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25839,"depth":115,"text":25955},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25855,"depth":115,"text":25957},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25867,"depth":115,"text":25959},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25880,"depth":115,"text":25881},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23870,"description":25962},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25968,"title":25969,"body":25970,"description":28243,"extension":1981,"meta":28244,"navigation":111,"path":28245,"seo":28246,"stem":28247,"__hash__":28248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25971,"toc":28196},[25972,25977,25982,25985,25987,26133,26146,26151,26155,26169,26171,26274,26283,26285,26288,26326,26351,26353,26460,26462,26469,26472,26480,26482,26623,26631,26636,26640,26651,26653,26815,26818,26826,26833,26839,26936,26942,27019,27022,27034,27039,27045,27048,27052,27141,27144,27148,27252,27259,27346,27355,27357,27362,27368,27371,27417,27420,27486,27495,27501,27594,27600,27606,27649,27652,27717,27723,27815,27818,27822,27828,27853,27856,27952,27959,27961,27966,28057,28059,28087,28092,28094,28101,28104,28108,28118,28123,28126,28133,28143,28150,28158,28160,28193],[10,25973,13,25975,18],{"id":25974},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25976,12773],{},[20,25978,25979,25981],{},[15,25980,12581],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25983,25984],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[219,25986,3637],{"id":3636},[41,25988,25990],{"className":43,"code":25989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25991,25992,26028,26052,26066,26079,26083,26088,26120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25993,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25995,57],{"class":56},[50,25997,61],{"class":60},[50,25999,65],{"class":64},[50,26001,69],{"class":68},[50,26003,73],{"class":72},[50,26005,69],{"class":68},[50,26007,78],{"class":64},[50,26009,81],{"class":68},[50,26011,84],{"class":72},[50,26013,69],{"class":68},[50,26015,89],{"class":64},[50,26017,81],{"class":68},[50,26019,94],{"class":72},[50,26021,69],{"class":68},[50,26023,78],{"class":64},[50,26025,102],{"class":101},[50,26027,105],{"class":64},[50,26029,26030,26033,26035,26037,26039,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26031,26032],{"class":56},"removed_age ",[50,26034,61],{"class":60},[50,26036,13255],{"class":56},[50,26038,129],{"class":64},[50,26040,26041],{"class":125},"pop",[50,26043,122],{"class":64},[50,26045,69],{"class":68},[50,26047,94],{"class":72},[50,26049,69],{"class":68},[50,26051,414],{"class":64},[50,26053,26054,26056,26058,26061,26063],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26055,119],{"class":118},[50,26057,122],{"class":64},[50,26059,26060],{"class":125},"removed_age",[50,26062,1206],{"class":64},[50,26064,26065],{"class":146},"   # 25\n",[50,26067,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,26069,119],{"class":118},[50,26071,122],{"class":64},[50,26073,126],{"class":125},[50,26075,1206],{"class":64},[50,26077,26078],{"class":146},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[50,26080,26081],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,26082,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26084,26085],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,26086,26087],{"class":146},"# Safe version with default value\n",[50,26089,26090,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26116,26118],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,26091,26092],{"class":56},"country ",[50,26094,61],{"class":60},[50,26096,13255],{"class":56},[50,26098,129],{"class":64},[50,26100,26041],{"class":125},[50,26102,122],{"class":64},[50,26104,69],{"class":68},[50,26106,1079],{"class":72},[50,26108,69],{"class":68},[50,26110,89],{"class":64},[50,26112,81],{"class":68},[50,26114,26115],{"class":72},"Not found",[50,26117,69],{"class":68},[50,26119,414],{"class":64},[50,26121,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,26123,119],{"class":118},[50,26125,122],{"class":64},[50,26127,1079],{"class":125},[50,26129,1206],{"class":64},[50,26131,26132],{"class":146},"       # Not found\n",[20,26134,212,26135,26138,26139,26142,26143,26145],{},[15,26136,26137],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26140,26141],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26144,31],{}," when the key might not exist.",[219,26147,222,26149,225],{"id":26148},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26150,12581],{},[20,26152,26153,78],{},[15,26154,12581],{},[233,26156,26157,26160,26163,26166],{},[236,26158,26159],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[236,26161,26162],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[236,26164,26165],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[236,26167,26168],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26170,253],{},[41,26172,26174],{"className":43,"code":26173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26175,26176,26216,26220,26243,26247,26261],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26177,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26179,618],{"class":56},[50,26181,61],{"class":60},[50,26183,65],{"class":64},[50,26185,69],{"class":68},[50,26187,73],{"class":72},[50,26189,69],{"class":68},[50,26191,78],{"class":64},[50,26193,81],{"class":68},[50,26195,13229],{"class":72},[50,26197,69],{"class":68},[50,26199,89],{"class":64},[50,26201,81],{"class":68},[50,26203,167],{"class":72},[50,26205,69],{"class":68},[50,26207,78],{"class":64},[50,26209,81],{"class":68},[50,26211,10439],{"class":72},[50,26213,69],{"class":68},[50,26215,105],{"class":64},[50,26217,26218],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26219,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26221,26222,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26223,26224],{"class":56},"removed_city ",[50,26226,61],{"class":60},[50,26228,11585],{"class":56},[50,26230,129],{"class":64},[50,26232,26041],{"class":125},[50,26234,122],{"class":64},[50,26236,69],{"class":68},[50,26238,167],{"class":72},[50,26240,69],{"class":68},[50,26242,414],{"class":64},[50,26244,26245],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,26246,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26248,26249,26251,26253,26256,26258],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,26250,119],{"class":118},[50,26252,122],{"class":64},[50,26254,26255],{"class":125},"removed_city",[50,26257,1206],{"class":64},[50,26259,26260],{"class":146},"  # Paris\n",[50,26262,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,26264,119],{"class":118},[50,26266,122],{"class":64},[50,26268,670],{"class":125},[50,26270,1206],{"class":64},[50,26272,26273],{"class":146},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26275,1212,26276,26279,26280,129],{},[15,26277,26278],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26281,26282],{},"\"Paris\"",[219,26284,387],{"id":386},[20,26286,26287],{},"There are two common forms:",[41,26289,26291],{"className":43,"code":26290,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26292,26293,26307],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26294,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303,26305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26296,1709],{"class":56},[50,26298,129],{"class":64},[50,26300,26041],{"class":125},[50,26302,122],{"class":64},[50,26304,411],{"class":125},[50,26306,414],{"class":64},[50,26308,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26324],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26310,1709],{"class":56},[50,26312,129],{"class":64},[50,26314,26041],{"class":125},[50,26316,122],{"class":64},[50,26318,411],{"class":125},[50,26320,89],{"class":64},[50,26322,26323],{"class":125}," default",[50,26325,414],{"class":64},[233,26327,26328,26334,26342,26348],{},[236,26329,26330,26333],{},[15,26331,26332],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[236,26335,26336,26338,26339,26341],{},[15,26337,26332],{}," raises ",[15,26340,31],{}," if the key is missing",[236,26343,26344,26347],{},[15,26345,26346],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[236,26349,26350],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26352,253],{},[41,26354,26356],{"className":43,"code":26355,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26357,26358,26390,26394,26419,26447],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26359,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26361,1128],{"class":56},[50,26363,61],{"class":60},[50,26365,65],{"class":64},[50,26367,69],{"class":68},[50,26369,1137],{"class":72},[50,26371,69],{"class":68},[50,26373,78],{"class":64},[50,26375,296],{"class":101},[50,26377,89],{"class":64},[50,26379,81],{"class":68},[50,26381,1151],{"class":72},[50,26383,69],{"class":68},[50,26385,78],{"class":64},[50,26387,13515],{"class":101},[50,26389,105],{"class":64},[50,26391,26392],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26393,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26395,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26397,119],{"class":118},[50,26399,122],{"class":64},[50,26401,16390],{"class":125},[50,26403,129],{"class":64},[50,26405,26041],{"class":125},[50,26407,122],{"class":64},[50,26409,69],{"class":68},[50,26411,1137],{"class":72},[50,26413,69],{"class":68},[50,26415,143],{"class":64},[50,26417,26418],{"class":146},"         # 90\n",[50,26420,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,26422,119],{"class":118},[50,26424,122],{"class":64},[50,26426,16390],{"class":125},[50,26428,129],{"class":64},[50,26430,26041],{"class":125},[50,26432,122],{"class":64},[50,26434,69],{"class":68},[50,26436,1185],{"class":72},[50,26438,69],{"class":68},[50,26440,89],{"class":64},[50,26442,1192],{"class":101},[50,26444,143],{"class":64},[50,26446,1209],{"class":146},[50,26448,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,26450,119],{"class":118},[50,26452,122],{"class":64},[50,26454,16390],{"class":125},[50,26456,1206],{"class":64},[50,26458,26459],{"class":146},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[219,26461,17411],{"id":17410},[20,26463,26464,14059,26466,26468],{},[15,26465,12773],{},[997,26467,1262],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26470,26471],{},"Instead, it returns:",[233,26473,26474,26477],{},[236,26475,26476],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[236,26478,26479],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26481,253],{},[41,26483,26485],{"className":43,"code":26484,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26486,26487,26519,26523,26546,26578,26582,26596,26610],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26488,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26490,829],{"class":56},[50,26492,61],{"class":60},[50,26494,65],{"class":64},[50,26496,69],{"class":68},[50,26498,380],{"class":72},[50,26500,69],{"class":68},[50,26502,78],{"class":64},[50,26504,1144],{"class":101},[50,26506,89],{"class":64},[50,26508,81],{"class":68},[50,26510,4784],{"class":72},[50,26512,69],{"class":68},[50,26514,78],{"class":64},[50,26516,7816],{"class":101},[50,26518,105],{"class":64},[50,26520,26521],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26522,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26524,26525,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26526,26527],{"class":56},"result1 ",[50,26529,61],{"class":60},[50,26531,1626],{"class":56},[50,26533,129],{"class":64},[50,26535,26041],{"class":125},[50,26537,122],{"class":64},[50,26539,69],{"class":68},[50,26541,380],{"class":72},[50,26543,69],{"class":68},[50,26545,414],{"class":64},[50,26547,26548,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26574,26576],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,26549,26550],{"class":56},"result2 ",[50,26552,61],{"class":60},[50,26554,1626],{"class":56},[50,26556,129],{"class":64},[50,26558,26041],{"class":125},[50,26560,122],{"class":64},[50,26562,69],{"class":68},[50,26564,9763],{"class":72},[50,26566,69],{"class":68},[50,26568,89],{"class":64},[50,26570,81],{"class":68},[50,26572,26573],{"class":72},"missing",[50,26575,69],{"class":68},[50,26577,414],{"class":64},[50,26579,26580],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,26581,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26583,26584,26586,26588,26591,26593],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,26585,119],{"class":118},[50,26587,122],{"class":64},[50,26589,26590],{"class":125},"result1",[50,26592,1206],{"class":64},[50,26594,26595],{"class":146},"  # 10\n",[50,26597,26598,26600,26602,26605,26607],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,26599,119],{"class":118},[50,26601,122],{"class":64},[50,26603,26604],{"class":125},"result2",[50,26606,1206],{"class":64},[50,26608,26609],{"class":146},"  # missing\n",[50,26611,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,26613,119],{"class":118},[50,26615,122],{"class":64},[50,26617,776],{"class":125},[50,26619,1206],{"class":64},[50,26621,26622],{"class":146},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26624,26625,26626,6656],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[380,26627,26628],{"href":10758},[15,26629,26630],{},"dict.get()",[219,26632,582,26634],{"id":26633},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26635,12773],{},[20,26637,212,26638,589],{},[15,26639,12773],{},[233,26641,26642,26645,26648],{},[236,26643,26644],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[236,26646,26647],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[236,26649,26650],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26652,253],{},[41,26654,26656],{"className":43,"code":26655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26657,26658,26710,26714,26741,26745,26769,26773,26787,26801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26659,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26694,26696,26698,26701,26703,26705,26708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26661,24923],{"class":56},[50,26663,61],{"class":60},[50,26665,65],{"class":64},[50,26667,69],{"class":68},[50,26669,73],{"class":72},[50,26671,69],{"class":68},[50,26673,78],{"class":64},[50,26675,81],{"class":68},[50,26677,26678],{"class":72},"Laptop",[50,26680,69],{"class":68},[50,26682,89],{"class":64},[50,26684,81],{"class":68},[50,26686,24949],{"class":72},[50,26688,69],{"class":68},[50,26690,78],{"class":64},[50,26692,26693],{"class":101}," 1200",[50,26695,89],{"class":64},[50,26697,81],{"class":68},[50,26699,26700],{"class":72},"discount",[50,26702,69],{"class":68},[50,26704,78],{"class":64},[50,26706,26707],{"class":101}," 200",[50,26709,105],{"class":64},[50,26711,26712],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26713,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26715,26716,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26717,26718],{"class":56},"discount_amount ",[50,26720,61],{"class":60},[50,26722,25001],{"class":56},[50,26724,129],{"class":64},[50,26726,26041],{"class":125},[50,26728,122],{"class":64},[50,26730,69],{"class":68},[50,26732,26700],{"class":72},[50,26734,69],{"class":68},[50,26736,89],{"class":64},[50,26738,1192],{"class":101},[50,26740,414],{"class":64},[50,26742,26743],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,26744,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26746,26747,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,26748,26749],{"class":56},"final_price ",[50,26751,61],{"class":60},[50,26753,25001],{"class":56},[50,26755,779],{"class":64},[50,26757,69],{"class":68},[50,26759,24949],{"class":72},[50,26761,69],{"class":68},[50,26763,13281],{"class":64},[50,26765,2242],{"class":60},[50,26767,26768],{"class":56}," discount_amount\n",[50,26770,26771],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,26772,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26774,26775,26777,26779,26782,26784],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,26776,119],{"class":118},[50,26778,122],{"class":64},[50,26780,26781],{"class":125},"discount_amount",[50,26783,1206],{"class":64},[50,26785,26786],{"class":146},"  # 200\n",[50,26788,26789,26791,26793,26796,26798],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,26790,119],{"class":118},[50,26792,122],{"class":64},[50,26794,26795],{"class":125},"final_price",[50,26797,1206],{"class":64},[50,26799,26800],{"class":146},"      # 1000\n",[50,26802,26803,26805,26807,26810,26812],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,26804,119],{"class":118},[50,26806,122],{"class":64},[50,26808,26809],{"class":125},"product",[50,26811,1206],{"class":64},[50,26813,26814],{"class":146},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26816,26817],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[219,26819,26821,10608,26823],{"id":26820},"pop-vs-del",[15,26822,12773],{},[15,26824,26825],{},"del",[20,26827,10613,26828,1846,26830,26832],{},[15,26829,12773],{},[15,26831,26825],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[811,26834,212,26836,26838],{"id":26835},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26837,12773],{}," when you need the removed value",[41,26840,26842],{"className":43,"code":26841,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26843,26844,26880,26884,26906,26910,26923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26845,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26847,57],{"class":56},[50,26849,61],{"class":60},[50,26851,65],{"class":64},[50,26853,69],{"class":68},[50,26855,73],{"class":72},[50,26857,69],{"class":68},[50,26859,78],{"class":64},[50,26861,81],{"class":68},[50,26863,84],{"class":72},[50,26865,69],{"class":68},[50,26867,89],{"class":64},[50,26869,81],{"class":68},[50,26871,94],{"class":72},[50,26873,69],{"class":68},[50,26875,78],{"class":64},[50,26877,102],{"class":101},[50,26879,105],{"class":64},[50,26881,26882],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26883,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26885,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26887,21426],{"class":56},[50,26889,61],{"class":60},[50,26891,13255],{"class":56},[50,26893,129],{"class":64},[50,26895,26041],{"class":125},[50,26897,122],{"class":64},[50,26899,69],{"class":68},[50,26901,94],{"class":72},[50,26903,69],{"class":68},[50,26905,414],{"class":64},[50,26907,26908],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,26909,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26911,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,26913,119],{"class":118},[50,26915,122],{"class":64},[50,26917,94],{"class":125},[50,26919,1206],{"class":64},[50,26921,26922],{"class":146},"     # 25\n",[50,26924,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,26926,119],{"class":118},[50,26928,122],{"class":64},[50,26930,126],{"class":125},[50,26932,1206],{"class":64},[50,26934,26935],{"class":146},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[811,26937,212,26939,26941],{"id":26938},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26940,26825],{}," when you only want deletion",[41,26943,26945],{"className":43,"code":26944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26946,26947,26983,26987,27003,27007],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26948,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26950,57],{"class":56},[50,26952,61],{"class":60},[50,26954,65],{"class":64},[50,26956,69],{"class":68},[50,26958,73],{"class":72},[50,26960,69],{"class":68},[50,26962,78],{"class":64},[50,26964,81],{"class":68},[50,26966,84],{"class":72},[50,26968,69],{"class":68},[50,26970,89],{"class":64},[50,26972,81],{"class":68},[50,26974,94],{"class":72},[50,26976,69],{"class":68},[50,26978,78],{"class":64},[50,26980,102],{"class":101},[50,26982,105],{"class":64},[50,26984,26985],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26986,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26988,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26990,26825],{"class":1622},[50,26992,13255],{"class":56},[50,26994,779],{"class":64},[50,26996,69],{"class":68},[50,26998,94],{"class":72},[50,27000,69],{"class":68},[50,27002,788],{"class":64},[50,27004,27005],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27006,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27008,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,27010,119],{"class":118},[50,27012,122],{"class":64},[50,27014,126],{"class":125},[50,27016,1206],{"class":64},[50,27018,26935],{"class":146},[20,27020,27021],{},"Difference:",[233,27023,27024,27029],{},[236,27025,27026,27028],{},[15,27027,12773],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[236,27030,27031,27033],{},[15,27032,26825],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27035,27036,27037,129],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[380,27038,12586],{"href":12585},[219,27040,27042,27043],{"id":27041},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27044,31],{},[20,27046,27047],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[811,27049,27051],{"id":27050},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[41,27053,27055],{"className":43,"code":27054,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27056,27057,27082,27086,27112,27116,27128],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27058,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27078,27080],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27060,11738],{"class":56},[50,27062,61],{"class":60},[50,27064,65],{"class":64},[50,27066,69],{"class":68},[50,27068,73],{"class":72},[50,27070,69],{"class":68},[50,27072,78],{"class":64},[50,27074,81],{"class":68},[50,27076,27077],{"class":72},"Sara",[50,27079,69],{"class":68},[50,27081,105],{"class":64},[50,27083,27084],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27085,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27087,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27089,2468],{"class":56},[50,27091,61],{"class":60},[50,27093,1745],{"class":56},[50,27095,129],{"class":64},[50,27097,26041],{"class":125},[50,27099,122],{"class":64},[50,27101,69],{"class":68},[50,27103,94],{"class":72},[50,27105,69],{"class":68},[50,27107,89],{"class":64},[50,27109,1495],{"class":1494},[50,27111,414],{"class":64},[50,27113,27114],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27115,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27117,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,27119,119],{"class":118},[50,27121,122],{"class":64},[50,27123,2495],{"class":125},[50,27125,1206],{"class":64},[50,27127,987],{"class":146},[50,27129,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,27131,119],{"class":118},[50,27133,122],{"class":64},[50,27135,1709],{"class":125},[50,27137,1206],{"class":64},[50,27139,27140],{"class":146}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27142,27143],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[811,27145,27147],{"id":27146},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[41,27149,27151],{"className":43,"code":27150,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27152,27153,27177,27181,27197,27220,27230,27237],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27154,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27156,11738],{"class":56},[50,27158,61],{"class":60},[50,27160,65],{"class":64},[50,27162,69],{"class":68},[50,27164,73],{"class":72},[50,27166,69],{"class":68},[50,27168,78],{"class":64},[50,27170,81],{"class":68},[50,27172,27077],{"class":72},[50,27174,69],{"class":68},[50,27176,105],{"class":64},[50,27178,27179],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27180,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27182,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27184,7023],{"class":1622},[50,27186,81],{"class":68},[50,27188,94],{"class":72},[50,27190,69],{"class":68},[50,27192,1623],{"class":60},[50,27194,1745],{"class":56},[50,27196,6417],{"class":64},[50,27198,27199,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27200,27201],{"class":56},"    value ",[50,27203,61],{"class":60},[50,27205,1745],{"class":56},[50,27207,129],{"class":64},[50,27209,26041],{"class":125},[50,27211,122],{"class":64},[50,27213,69],{"class":68},[50,27215,94],{"class":72},[50,27217,69],{"class":68},[50,27219,414],{"class":64},[50,27221,27222,27224,27226,27228],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,27223,8094],{"class":118},[50,27225,122],{"class":64},[50,27227,2495],{"class":125},[50,27229,414],{"class":64},[50,27231,27232,27235],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,27233,27234],{"class":1622},"else",[50,27236,6417],{"class":64},[50,27238,27239,27241,27243,27245,27248,27250],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,27240,8094],{"class":118},[50,27242,122],{"class":64},[50,27244,69],{"class":68},[50,27246,27247],{"class":72},"Key not found",[50,27249,69],{"class":68},[50,27251,414],{"class":64},[811,27253,27255,27256,27258],{"id":27254},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27257,17],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[41,27260,27262],{"className":43,"code":27261,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27263,27264,27288,27292,27318,27322,27334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27265,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27267,11738],{"class":56},[50,27269,61],{"class":60},[50,27271,65],{"class":64},[50,27273,69],{"class":68},[50,27275,73],{"class":72},[50,27277,69],{"class":68},[50,27279,78],{"class":64},[50,27281,81],{"class":68},[50,27283,27077],{"class":72},[50,27285,69],{"class":68},[50,27287,105],{"class":64},[50,27289,27290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27291,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27293,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27295,2468],{"class":56},[50,27297,61],{"class":60},[50,27299,1745],{"class":56},[50,27301,129],{"class":64},[50,27303,132],{"class":125},[50,27305,122],{"class":64},[50,27307,69],{"class":68},[50,27309,94],{"class":72},[50,27311,69],{"class":68},[50,27313,89],{"class":64},[50,27315,1495],{"class":1494},[50,27317,414],{"class":64},[50,27319,27320],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27321,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27323,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,27325,119],{"class":118},[50,27327,122],{"class":64},[50,27329,2495],{"class":125},[50,27331,1206],{"class":64},[50,27333,987],{"class":146},[50,27335,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,27337,119],{"class":118},[50,27339,122],{"class":64},[50,27341,1709],{"class":125},[50,27343,1206],{"class":64},[50,27345,27140],{"class":146},[20,27347,212,27348,27352,27353,129],{},[380,27349,27350],{"href":10758},[15,27351,26630],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[380,27354,1014],{"href":1013},[219,27356,4543],{"id":4542},[20,27358,27359,27360,129],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27361,12581],{},[811,27363,25574,27365,27367],{"id":27364},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27366,12773],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27369,27370],{},"Lists use indexes:",[41,27372,27374],{"className":43,"code":27373,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27375,27376,27396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27377,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27379,3647],{"class":56},[50,27381,61],{"class":60},[50,27383,3652],{"class":64},[50,27385,2352],{"class":101},[50,27387,89],{"class":64},[50,27389,7816],{"class":101},[50,27391,89],{"class":64},[50,27393,7821],{"class":101},[50,27395,788],{"class":64},[50,27397,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27399,119],{"class":118},[50,27401,122],{"class":64},[50,27403,3678],{"class":125},[50,27405,129],{"class":64},[50,27407,26041],{"class":125},[50,27409,122],{"class":64},[50,27411,3011],{"class":101},[50,27413,143],{"class":64},[50,27415,27416],{"class":146},"  # 20\n",[20,27418,27419],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[41,27421,27423],{"className":43,"code":27422,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27424,27425,27461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27426,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27428,57],{"class":56},[50,27430,61],{"class":60},[50,27432,65],{"class":64},[50,27434,69],{"class":68},[50,27436,73],{"class":72},[50,27438,69],{"class":68},[50,27440,78],{"class":64},[50,27442,81],{"class":68},[50,27444,84],{"class":72},[50,27446,69],{"class":68},[50,27448,89],{"class":64},[50,27450,81],{"class":68},[50,27452,94],{"class":72},[50,27454,69],{"class":68},[50,27456,78],{"class":64},[50,27458,102],{"class":101},[50,27460,105],{"class":64},[50,27462,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27464,119],{"class":118},[50,27466,122],{"class":64},[50,27468,126],{"class":125},[50,27470,129],{"class":64},[50,27472,26041],{"class":125},[50,27474,122],{"class":64},[50,27476,69],{"class":68},[50,27478,94],{"class":72},[50,27480,69],{"class":68},[50,27482,143],{"class":64},[50,27484,27485],{"class":146},"  # 25\n",[20,27487,27488,27489,27491,27492,27494],{},"A dictionary does ",[997,27490,1262],{}," use positions with ",[15,27493,12773],{},". It uses keys.",[811,27496,1678,27498,27500],{"id":27497},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27499,12773],{}," changes the original dictionary",[41,27502,27504],{"className":43,"code":27503,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27505,27506,27538,27542,27564,27568,27581],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27507,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27509,829],{"class":56},[50,27511,61],{"class":60},[50,27513,65],{"class":64},[50,27515,69],{"class":68},[50,27517,2194],{"class":72},[50,27519,69],{"class":68},[50,27521,78],{"class":64},[50,27523,5521],{"class":101},[50,27525,89],{"class":64},[50,27527,81],{"class":68},[50,27529,11759],{"class":72},[50,27531,69],{"class":68},[50,27533,78],{"class":64},[50,27535,3016],{"class":101},[50,27537,105],{"class":64},[50,27539,27540],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27541,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27543,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27545,2468],{"class":56},[50,27547,61],{"class":60},[50,27549,1626],{"class":56},[50,27551,129],{"class":64},[50,27553,26041],{"class":125},[50,27555,122],{"class":64},[50,27557,69],{"class":68},[50,27559,2194],{"class":72},[50,27561,69],{"class":68},[50,27563,414],{"class":64},[50,27565,27566],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27567,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27569,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,27571,119],{"class":118},[50,27573,122],{"class":64},[50,27575,2495],{"class":125},[50,27577,1206],{"class":64},[50,27579,27580],{"class":146},"  # 1\n",[50,27582,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,27584,119],{"class":118},[50,27586,122],{"class":64},[50,27588,776],{"class":125},[50,27590,1206],{"class":64},[50,27592,27593],{"class":146},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27595,27596,27597,27599],{},"After ",[15,27598,12773],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[811,27601,8444,27603,27605],{"id":27602},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27604,12773],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[41,27607,27609],{"className":43,"code":27608,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27610,27611,27635,27639,27644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27612,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27614,829],{"class":56},[50,27616,61],{"class":60},[50,27618,65],{"class":64},[50,27620,69],{"class":68},[50,27622,73],{"class":72},[50,27624,69],{"class":68},[50,27626,78],{"class":64},[50,27628,81],{"class":68},[50,27630,1051],{"class":72},[50,27632,69],{"class":68},[50,27634,105],{"class":64},[50,27636,27637],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27638,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27640,27641],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27642,27643],{"class":146},"# This causes an error\n",[50,27645,27646],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27647,27648],{"class":146},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27650,27651],{},"Safer version:",[41,27653,27655],{"className":43,"code":27654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27656,27657,27681,27685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27660,829],{"class":56},[50,27662,61],{"class":60},[50,27664,65],{"class":64},[50,27666,69],{"class":68},[50,27668,73],{"class":72},[50,27670,69],{"class":68},[50,27672,78],{"class":64},[50,27674,81],{"class":68},[50,27676,1051],{"class":72},[50,27678,69],{"class":68},[50,27680,105],{"class":64},[50,27682,27683],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27684,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27686,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27688,119],{"class":118},[50,27690,122],{"class":64},[50,27692,776],{"class":125},[50,27694,129],{"class":64},[50,27696,26041],{"class":125},[50,27698,122],{"class":64},[50,27700,69],{"class":68},[50,27702,94],{"class":72},[50,27704,69],{"class":68},[50,27706,89],{"class":64},[50,27708,81],{"class":68},[50,27710,26573],{"class":72},[50,27712,69],{"class":68},[50,27714,143],{"class":64},[50,27716,26609],{"class":146},[811,27718,8480,27720,27722],{"id":27719},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27721,12773],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[41,27724,27726],{"className":43,"code":27725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27727,27728,27760,27764,27786,27790,27802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27729,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27731,829],{"class":56},[50,27733,61],{"class":60},[50,27735,65],{"class":64},[50,27737,69],{"class":68},[50,27739,380],{"class":72},[50,27741,69],{"class":68},[50,27743,78],{"class":64},[50,27745,5521],{"class":101},[50,27747,89],{"class":64},[50,27749,81],{"class":68},[50,27751,4784],{"class":72},[50,27753,69],{"class":68},[50,27755,78],{"class":64},[50,27757,3016],{"class":101},[50,27759,105],{"class":64},[50,27761,27762],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27763,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27765,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27767,2250],{"class":56},[50,27769,61],{"class":60},[50,27771,1626],{"class":56},[50,27773,129],{"class":64},[50,27775,26041],{"class":125},[50,27777,122],{"class":64},[50,27779,69],{"class":68},[50,27781,380],{"class":72},[50,27783,69],{"class":68},[50,27785,414],{"class":64},[50,27787,27788],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27789,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27791,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,27793,119],{"class":118},[50,27795,122],{"class":64},[50,27797,2285],{"class":125},[50,27799,1206],{"class":64},[50,27801,27580],{"class":146},[50,27803,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,27805,119],{"class":118},[50,27807,122],{"class":64},[50,27809,776],{"class":125},[50,27811,1206],{"class":64},[50,27813,27814],{"class":146},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27816,27817],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[219,27819,27821],{"id":27820},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27823,27824,27825,27827],{},"Problems with ",[15,27826,12581],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[233,27829,27830,27833,27842,27845],{},[236,27831,27832],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[236,27834,27835,27836,27839,27840],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27837,27838],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27841,26137],{},[236,27843,27844],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[236,27846,27847,27848,11111,27850],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27849,3011],{},[15,27851,27852],{},"\"1\"",[20,27854,27855],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[41,27857,27859],{"className":43,"code":27858,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27860,27861,27885,27889,27919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27862,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27864,829],{"class":56},[50,27866,61],{"class":60},[50,27868,65],{"class":64},[50,27870,69],{"class":68},[50,27872,3011],{"class":72},[50,27874,69],{"class":68},[50,27876,78],{"class":64},[50,27878,81],{"class":68},[50,27880,6610],{"class":72},[50,27882,69],{"class":68},[50,27884,105],{"class":64},[50,27886,27887],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27888,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27890,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27912,27914,27916],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27892,119],{"class":118},[50,27894,122],{"class":64},[50,27896,776],{"class":125},[50,27898,129],{"class":64},[50,27900,26041],{"class":125},[50,27902,122],{"class":64},[50,27904,3011],{"class":101},[50,27906,89],{"class":64},[50,27908,81],{"class":68},[50,27910,27911],{"class":72},"not found",[50,27913,69],{"class":68},[50,27915,143],{"class":64},[50,27917,27918],{"class":146},"    # not found\n",[50,27920,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,27922,119],{"class":118},[50,27924,122],{"class":64},[50,27926,776],{"class":125},[50,27928,129],{"class":64},[50,27930,26041],{"class":125},[50,27932,122],{"class":64},[50,27934,69],{"class":68},[50,27936,3011],{"class":72},[50,27938,69],{"class":68},[50,27940,89],{"class":64},[50,27942,81],{"class":68},[50,27944,27911],{"class":72},[50,27946,69],{"class":68},[50,27948,143],{"class":64},[50,27950,27951],{"class":146},"  # one\n",[20,27953,27954,1846,27956,27958],{},[15,27955,3011],{},[15,27957,27852],{}," are different keys.",[219,27960,8901],{"id":8900},[20,27962,8904,27963,27965],{},[15,27964,12773],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,27967,27969],{"className":43,"code":27968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27970,27971,27981,27995,28013,28043],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27972,27973,27975,27977,27979],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27974,119],{"class":118},[50,27976,122],{"class":64},[50,27978,1709],{"class":125},[50,27980,414],{"class":64},[50,27982,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27984,119],{"class":118},[50,27986,122],{"class":64},[50,27988,1709],{"class":125},[50,27990,129],{"class":64},[50,27992,1724],{"class":125},[50,27994,1727],{"class":64},[50,27996,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27998,119],{"class":118},[50,28000,122],{"class":64},[50,28002,1736],{"class":68},[50,28004,73],{"class":72},[50,28006,1736],{"class":68},[50,28008,1623],{"class":1622},[50,28010,1745],{"class":125},[50,28012,414],{"class":64},[50,28014,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,28016,119],{"class":118},[50,28018,122],{"class":64},[50,28020,1709],{"class":125},[50,28022,129],{"class":64},[50,28024,26041],{"class":125},[50,28026,122],{"class":64},[50,28028,1736],{"class":68},[50,28030,73],{"class":72},[50,28032,1736],{"class":68},[50,28034,89],{"class":64},[50,28036,3321],{"class":68},[50,28038,26573],{"class":72},[50,28040,1736],{"class":68},[50,28042,1770],{"class":64},[50,28044,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,28046,119],{"class":118},[50,28048,122],{"class":64},[50,28050,1780],{"class":1779},[50,28052,122],{"class":64},[50,28054,1709],{"class":125},[50,28056,1770],{"class":64},[20,28058,1802],{},[233,28060,28061,28066,28071,28076,28082],{},[236,28062,28063,28065],{},[15,28064,1809],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[236,28067,28068,28070],{},[15,28069,1815],{}," shows all available keys",[236,28072,28073,28075],{},[15,28074,1821],{}," checks whether a key exists",[236,28077,28078,28081],{},[15,28079,28080],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[236,28083,28084,28086],{},[15,28085,12696],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28088,28089,28090,129],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[380,28091,9415],{"href":9414},[219,28093,1857],{"id":1856},[811,28095,28097,28098,28100],{"id":28096},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28099,12773],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28102,28103],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[811,28105,28107],{"id":28106},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28109,28110,26338,28112,28114,28115,28117],{},[15,28111,26137],{},[15,28113,31],{},". ",[15,28116,26141],{}," returns the default value instead.",[811,28119,1861,28121,14900],{"id":28120},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28122,12773],{},[20,28124,28125],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[811,28127,28129,28130,28132],{"id":28128},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28131,12773],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28134,28135,28136,28138,28139,129],{},"Not with ",[15,28137,12581],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[380,28140,28141],{"href":12592},[15,28142,12780],{},[811,28144,5202,28146,1846,28148,1867],{"id":28145},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28147,17],{},[15,28149,12773],{},[20,28151,28152,28154,28155,28157],{},[15,28153,17],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28156,12773],{}," reads and removes it.",[219,28159,1909],{"id":1908},[233,28161,28162,28168,28175,28179,28183,28187],{},[236,28163,28164],{},[380,28165,28166],{"href":10758},[15,28167,5],{},[236,28169,28170],{},[380,28171,28172],{"href":12592},[15,28173,28174],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[236,28176,28177],{},[380,28178,12797],{"href":12585},[236,28180,28181],{},[380,28182,1938],{"href":756},[236,28184,28185],{},[380,28186,1014],{"href":1013},[236,28188,28189],{},[380,28190,28192],{"href":28191},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1944,28194,28195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":28197},[28198,28199,28201,28202,28203,28205,28212,28219,28229,28230,28231,28242],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":26148,"depth":108,"text":28200},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":26633,"depth":108,"text":28204},"When to use pop()",{"id":26820,"depth":108,"text":28206,"children":28207},"pop() vs del",[28208,28210],{"id":26835,"depth":115,"text":28209},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26938,"depth":115,"text":28211},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27041,"depth":108,"text":28213,"children":28214},"How to avoid KeyError",[28215,28216,28217],{"id":27050,"depth":115,"text":27051},{"id":27146,"depth":115,"text":27147},{"id":27254,"depth":115,"text":28218},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":28220},[28221,28223,28225,28227],{"id":27364,"depth":115,"text":28222},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27497,"depth":115,"text":28224},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27602,"depth":115,"text":28226},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27719,"depth":115,"text":28228},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27820,"depth":108,"text":27821},{"id":8900,"depth":108,"text":8901},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":28232},[28233,28235,28236,28238,28240],{"id":28096,"depth":115,"text":28234},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28106,"depth":115,"text":28107},{"id":28120,"depth":115,"text":28237},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28128,"depth":115,"text":28239},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28145,"depth":115,"text":28241},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25969,"description":28243},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28250,"title":28174,"body":28251,"description":30191,"extension":1981,"meta":30192,"navigation":111,"path":30193,"seo":30194,"stem":30195,"__hash__":30196},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28252,"toc":30155},[28253,28258,28263,28266,28274,28284,28286,28375,28379,28428,28433,28438,28442,28458,28461,28463,28478,28480,28496,28503,28507,28513,28522,28524,28593,28597,28618,28621,28640,28643,28666,28668,28671,28786,28790,28849,28856,28860,28866,28991,28995,29045,29048,29052,29059,29061,29124,29128,29149,29152,29161,29176,29184,29191,29195,29207,29211,29222,29224,29370,29374,29433,29440,29445,29449,29455,29478,29483,29502,29506,29577,29584,29657,29666,29671,29676,29687,29690,29827,29832,29864,29869,29871,29875,29935,29938,29995,29998,30041,30043,30048,30054,30060,30063,30070,30078,30083,30086,30093,30101,30103,30152],[10,28254,13,28256,18],{"id":28255},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28257,12780],{},[20,28259,228,28260,28262],{},[15,28261,12780],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28264,28265],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[233,28267,28268,28271],{},[236,28269,28270],{},"remove an item",[236,28272,28273],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28275,28276,28277,28279,28280,28283],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28278,12780],{}," removes the ",[997,28281,28282],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[219,28285,2022],{"id":2021},[41,28287,28289],{"className":43,"code":28288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28290,28291,28335,28351,28355,28365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28292,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28294,829],{"class":56},[50,28296,61],{"class":60},[50,28298,65],{"class":64},[50,28300,69],{"class":68},[50,28302,380],{"class":72},[50,28304,69],{"class":68},[50,28306,78],{"class":64},[50,28308,5521],{"class":101},[50,28310,89],{"class":64},[50,28312,81],{"class":68},[50,28314,4784],{"class":72},[50,28316,69],{"class":68},[50,28318,78],{"class":64},[50,28320,3016],{"class":101},[50,28322,89],{"class":64},[50,28324,81],{"class":68},[50,28326,9763],{"class":72},[50,28328,69],{"class":68},[50,28330,78],{"class":64},[50,28332,2473],{"class":101},[50,28334,105],{"class":64},[50,28336,28337,28340,28342,28344,28346,28349],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28338,28339],{"class":56},"item ",[50,28341,61],{"class":60},[50,28343,1626],{"class":56},[50,28345,129],{"class":64},[50,28347,28348],{"class":125},"popitem",[50,28350,8671],{"class":64},[50,28352,28353],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28354,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28356,28357,28359,28361,28363],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,28358,119],{"class":118},[50,28360,122],{"class":64},[50,28362,23109],{"class":125},[50,28364,414],{"class":64},[50,28366,28367,28369,28371,28373],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,28368,119],{"class":118},[50,28370,122],{"class":64},[50,28372,776],{"class":125},[50,28374,414],{"class":64},[20,28376,28377],{},[997,28378,2091],{},[41,28380,28382],{"className":43,"code":28381,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28383,28384,28400],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28385,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28387,122],{"class":64},[50,28389,1736],{"class":68},[50,28391,9763],{"class":72},[50,28393,1736],{"class":68},[50,28395,89],{"class":64},[50,28397,2473],{"class":101},[50,28399,414],{"class":64},[50,28401,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28403,9304],{"class":64},[50,28405,1736],{"class":68},[50,28407,380],{"class":72},[50,28409,1736],{"class":68},[50,28411,78],{"class":64},[50,28413,5521],{"class":101},[50,28415,89],{"class":64},[50,28417,3321],{"class":68},[50,28419,4784],{"class":72},[50,28421,1736],{"class":68},[50,28423,78],{"class":64},[50,28425,3016],{"class":101},[50,28427,105],{"class":64},[20,28429,28430,28432],{},[15,28431,12780],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[219,28434,222,28436,225],{"id":28435},"what-popitem-does",[15,28437,12780],{},[20,28439,28440,78],{},[15,28441,12780],{},[233,28443,28444,28447,28452,28455],{},[236,28445,28446],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[236,28448,28449,28450],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28451,21453],{},[236,28453,28454],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[236,28456,28457],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28459,28460],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[219,28462,387],{"id":386},[41,28464,28466],{"className":43,"code":28465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28467,28468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28469,28470,28472,28474,28476],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28471,402],{"class":56},[50,28473,129],{"class":64},[50,28475,28348],{"class":125},[50,28477,8671],{"class":64},[20,28479,11473],{},[233,28481,28482,28490,28493],{},[236,28483,28484,28486,28487],{},[15,28485,12780],{}," takes ",[997,28488,28489],{},"no arguments",[236,28491,28492],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[236,28494,28495],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28497,28498,28499,6656],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[380,28500,28501],{"href":12578},[15,28502,12773],{},[219,28504,28506],{"id":28505},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28508,28509,28510,28512],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28511,12780],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28514,28515,28516,28519],"ol",{},[236,28517,28518],{},"the key",[236,28520,28521],{},"the value",[20,28523,253],{},[41,28525,28527],{"className":43,"code":28526,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28528,28529,28565,28579,28583],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28530,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28532,57],{"class":56},[50,28534,61],{"class":60},[50,28536,65],{"class":64},[50,28538,69],{"class":68},[50,28540,73],{"class":72},[50,28542,69],{"class":68},[50,28544,78],{"class":64},[50,28546,81],{"class":68},[50,28548,5027],{"class":72},[50,28550,69],{"class":68},[50,28552,89],{"class":64},[50,28554,81],{"class":68},[50,28556,94],{"class":72},[50,28558,69],{"class":68},[50,28560,78],{"class":64},[50,28562,102],{"class":101},[50,28564,105],{"class":64},[50,28566,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28568,2250],{"class":56},[50,28570,61],{"class":60},[50,28572,13255],{"class":56},[50,28574,129],{"class":64},[50,28576,28348],{"class":125},[50,28578,8671],{"class":64},[50,28580,28581],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28582,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28584,28585,28587,28589,28591],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,28586,119],{"class":118},[50,28588,122],{"class":64},[50,28590,2285],{"class":125},[50,28592,414],{"class":64},[20,28594,28595],{},[997,28596,2091],{},[41,28598,28600],{"className":43,"code":28599,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28601,28602],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28603,28604,28606,28608,28610,28612,28614,28616],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28605,122],{"class":64},[50,28607,1736],{"class":68},[50,28609,94],{"class":72},[50,28611,1736],{"class":68},[50,28613,89],{"class":64},[50,28615,102],{"class":101},[50,28617,414],{"class":64},[20,28619,28620],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[41,28622,28624],{"className":43,"code":28623,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28625,28626],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28627,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28629,2250],{"class":56},[50,28631,61],{"class":60},[50,28633,13255],{"class":56},[50,28635,129],{"class":64},[50,28637,28348],{"class":125},[50,28639,8671],{"class":64},[20,28641,28642],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[41,28644,28646],{"className":43,"code":28645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28647,28648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28649,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28651,411],{"class":56},[50,28653,89],{"class":64},[50,28655,21382],{"class":56},[50,28657,61],{"class":60},[50,28659,13255],{"class":56},[50,28661,129],{"class":64},[50,28663,28348],{"class":125},[50,28665,8671],{"class":64},[219,28667,11490],{"id":11489},[20,28669,28670],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[41,28672,28674],{"className":43,"code":28673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28675,28676,28724,28728,28743,28747,28767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28677,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703,28705,28708,28710,28712,28715,28717,28719,28722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28679,1128],{"class":56},[50,28681,61],{"class":60},[50,28683,65],{"class":64},[50,28685,69],{"class":68},[50,28687,28688],{"class":72},"Tom",[50,28690,69],{"class":68},[50,28692,78],{"class":64},[50,28694,5098],{"class":101},[50,28696,89],{"class":64},[50,28698,81],{"class":68},[50,28700,84],{"class":72},[50,28702,69],{"class":68},[50,28704,78],{"class":64},[50,28706,28707],{"class":101}," 95",[50,28709,89],{"class":64},[50,28711,81],{"class":68},[50,28713,28714],{"class":72},"Leo",[50,28716,69],{"class":68},[50,28718,78],{"class":64},[50,28720,28721],{"class":101}," 88",[50,28723,105],{"class":64},[50,28725,28726],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28727,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28729,28730,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28731,28732],{"class":56},"removed_pair ",[50,28734,61],{"class":60},[50,28736,1174],{"class":56},[50,28738,129],{"class":64},[50,28740,28348],{"class":125},[50,28742,8671],{"class":64},[50,28744,28745],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,28746,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28748,28749,28751,28753,28755,28758,28760,28762,28765],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,28750,119],{"class":118},[50,28752,122],{"class":64},[50,28754,69],{"class":68},[50,28756,28757],{"class":72},"Removed:",[50,28759,69],{"class":68},[50,28761,89],{"class":64},[50,28763,28764],{"class":125}," removed_pair",[50,28766,414],{"class":64},[50,28768,28769,28771,28773,28775,28778,28780,28782,28784],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,28770,119],{"class":118},[50,28772,122],{"class":64},[50,28774,69],{"class":68},[50,28776,28777],{"class":72},"After removal:",[50,28779,69],{"class":68},[50,28781,89],{"class":64},[50,28783,1174],{"class":125},[50,28785,414],{"class":64},[20,28787,28788],{},[997,28789,2091],{},[41,28791,28793],{"className":43,"code":28792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28794,28795,28816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28796,28797,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28798,28799],{"class":56},"Removed",[50,28801,78],{"class":64},[50,28803,9262],{"class":64},[50,28805,1736],{"class":68},[50,28807,28714],{"class":72},[50,28809,1736],{"class":68},[50,28811,89],{"class":64},[50,28813,28721],{"class":101},[50,28815,414],{"class":64},[50,28817,28818,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28819,28820],{"class":56},"After removal",[50,28822,78],{"class":64},[50,28824,65],{"class":64},[50,28826,1736],{"class":68},[50,28828,28688],{"class":72},[50,28830,1736],{"class":68},[50,28832,78],{"class":64},[50,28834,5098],{"class":101},[50,28836,89],{"class":64},[50,28838,3321],{"class":68},[50,28840,84],{"class":72},[50,28842,1736],{"class":68},[50,28844,78],{"class":64},[50,28846,28707],{"class":101},[50,28848,105],{"class":64},[20,28850,28851,28852,28855],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28853,28854],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[219,28857,28859],{"id":28858},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28861,28862,28863,28865],{},"Because ",[15,28864,12780],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[41,28867,28869],{"className":43,"code":28868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28870,28871,28907,28911,28930,28934,28953,28972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28872,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28874,15449],{"class":56},[50,28876,61],{"class":60},[50,28878,65],{"class":64},[50,28880,69],{"class":68},[50,28882,15460],{"class":72},[50,28884,69],{"class":68},[50,28886,78],{"class":64},[50,28888,81],{"class":68},[50,28890,15469],{"class":72},[50,28892,69],{"class":68},[50,28894,89],{"class":64},[50,28896,81],{"class":68},[50,28898,15480],{"class":72},[50,28900,69],{"class":68},[50,28902,78],{"class":64},[50,28904,26707],{"class":101},[50,28906,105],{"class":64},[50,28908,28909],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28910,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28912,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28924,28926,28928],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28914,411],{"class":56},[50,28916,89],{"class":64},[50,28918,21382],{"class":56},[50,28920,61],{"class":60},[50,28922,28923],{"class":56}," book",[50,28925,129],{"class":64},[50,28927,28348],{"class":125},[50,28929,8671],{"class":64},[50,28931,28932],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,28933,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28935,28936,28938,28940,28942,28945,28947,28949,28951],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,28937,119],{"class":118},[50,28939,122],{"class":64},[50,28941,69],{"class":68},[50,28943,28944],{"class":72},"Key:",[50,28946,69],{"class":68},[50,28948,89],{"class":64},[50,28950,21377],{"class":125},[50,28952,414],{"class":64},[50,28954,28955,28957,28959,28961,28964,28966,28968,28970],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,28956,119],{"class":118},[50,28958,122],{"class":64},[50,28960,69],{"class":68},[50,28962,28963],{"class":72},"Value:",[50,28965,69],{"class":68},[50,28967,89],{"class":64},[50,28969,8460],{"class":125},[50,28971,414],{"class":64},[50,28973,28974,28976,28978,28980,28983,28985,28987,28989],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,28975,119],{"class":118},[50,28977,122],{"class":64},[50,28979,69],{"class":68},[50,28981,28982],{"class":72},"Dictionary:",[50,28984,69],{"class":68},[50,28986,89],{"class":64},[50,28988,28923],{"class":125},[50,28990,414],{"class":64},[20,28992,28993],{},[997,28994,2091],{},[41,28996,28998],{"className":43,"code":28997,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28999,29000,29010,29020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29001,29002,29005,29007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29003,29004],{"class":56},"Key",[50,29006,78],{"class":64},[50,29008,29009],{"class":56}," pages\n",[50,29011,29012,29015,29017],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29013,29014],{"class":56},"Value",[50,29016,78],{"class":64},[50,29018,29019],{"class":101}," 200\n",[50,29021,29022,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29023,29024],{"class":56},"Dictionary",[50,29026,78],{"class":64},[50,29028,65],{"class":64},[50,29030,1736],{"class":68},[50,29032,15460],{"class":72},[50,29034,1736],{"class":68},[50,29036,78],{"class":64},[50,29038,3321],{"class":68},[50,29040,15469],{"class":72},[50,29042,1736],{"class":68},[50,29044,105],{"class":64},[20,29046,29047],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[219,29049,29051],{"id":29050},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29053,29054,29055,28279,29057,129],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29056,12780],{},[997,29058,28282],{},[20,29060,253],{},[41,29062,29064],{"className":43,"code":29063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29065,29066,29110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29067,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080,29082,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29069,829],{"class":56},[50,29071,61],{"class":60},[50,29073,65],{"class":64},[50,29075,69],{"class":68},[50,29077,2194],{"class":72},[50,29079,69],{"class":68},[50,29081,78],{"class":64},[50,29083,5521],{"class":101},[50,29085,89],{"class":64},[50,29087,81],{"class":68},[50,29089,11759],{"class":72},[50,29091,69],{"class":68},[50,29093,78],{"class":64},[50,29095,3016],{"class":101},[50,29097,89],{"class":64},[50,29099,81],{"class":68},[50,29101,21875],{"class":72},[50,29103,69],{"class":68},[50,29105,78],{"class":64},[50,29107,2473],{"class":101},[50,29109,105],{"class":64},[50,29111,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29113,119],{"class":118},[50,29115,122],{"class":64},[50,29117,776],{"class":125},[50,29119,129],{"class":64},[50,29121,28348],{"class":125},[50,29123,1727],{"class":64},[20,29125,29126],{},[997,29127,2091],{},[41,29129,29131],{"className":43,"code":29130,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29132,29133],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29136,122],{"class":64},[50,29138,1736],{"class":68},[50,29140,21875],{"class":72},[50,29142,1736],{"class":68},[50,29144,89],{"class":64},[50,29146,2473],{"class":101},[50,29148,414],{"class":64},[20,29150,29151],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29153,29154,29155,29157,29158,29160],{},"As a beginner, do ",[997,29156,1262],{}," think of ",[15,29159,12780],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29162,29163,29164,32,29168,17069,29172,129],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[380,29165,29166],{"href":1849},[15,29167,1852],{},[380,29169,29170],{"href":1840},[15,29171,1844],{},[380,29173,29174],{"href":17065},[15,29175,17068],{},[219,29177,29179,29180,1846,29182],{"id":29178},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29181,12780],{},[15,29183,12773],{},[20,29185,29186,1846,29188,29190],{},[15,29187,12780],{},[15,29189,12773],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[811,29192,29193],{"id":28348},[15,29194,12780],{},[233,29196,29197,29200,29203],{},[236,29198,29199],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[236,29201,29202],{},"does not need a key argument",[236,29204,3719,29205],{},[15,29206,21453],{},[811,29208,29209],{"id":26041},[15,29210,12773],{},[233,29212,29213,29216,29219],{},[236,29214,29215],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[236,29217,29218],{},"needs the key name",[236,29220,29221],{},"returns only the value",[20,29223,253],{},[41,29225,29227],{"className":43,"code":29226,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29228,29229,29273,29277,29291,29311,29315,29337,29356,29360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29230,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29232,829],{"class":56},[50,29234,61],{"class":60},[50,29236,65],{"class":64},[50,29238,69],{"class":68},[50,29240,380],{"class":72},[50,29242,69],{"class":68},[50,29244,78],{"class":64},[50,29246,5521],{"class":101},[50,29248,89],{"class":64},[50,29250,81],{"class":68},[50,29252,4784],{"class":72},[50,29254,69],{"class":68},[50,29256,78],{"class":64},[50,29258,3016],{"class":101},[50,29260,89],{"class":64},[50,29262,81],{"class":68},[50,29264,9763],{"class":72},[50,29266,69],{"class":68},[50,29268,78],{"class":64},[50,29270,2473],{"class":101},[50,29272,105],{"class":64},[50,29274,29275],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29276,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29278,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29280,28339],{"class":56},[50,29282,61],{"class":60},[50,29284,1626],{"class":56},[50,29286,129],{"class":64},[50,29288,28348],{"class":125},[50,29290,8671],{"class":64},[50,29292,29293,29295,29297,29299,29302,29304,29306,29309],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,29294,119],{"class":118},[50,29296,122],{"class":64},[50,29298,69],{"class":68},[50,29300,29301],{"class":72},"popitem():",[50,29303,69],{"class":68},[50,29305,89],{"class":64},[50,29307,29308],{"class":125}," item",[50,29310,414],{"class":64},[50,29312,29313],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,29314,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29316,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,29318,2468],{"class":56},[50,29320,61],{"class":60},[50,29322,1626],{"class":56},[50,29324,129],{"class":64},[50,29326,26041],{"class":125},[50,29328,122],{"class":64},[50,29330,69],{"class":68},[50,29332,380],{"class":72},[50,29334,69],{"class":68},[50,29336,414],{"class":64},[50,29338,29339,29341,29343,29345,29348,29350,29352,29354],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,29340,119],{"class":118},[50,29342,122],{"class":64},[50,29344,69],{"class":68},[50,29346,29347],{"class":72},"pop('a'):",[50,29349,69],{"class":68},[50,29351,89],{"class":64},[50,29353,8460],{"class":125},[50,29355,414],{"class":64},[50,29357,29358],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,29359,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29361,29362,29364,29366,29368],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,29363,119],{"class":118},[50,29365,122],{"class":64},[50,29367,776],{"class":125},[50,29369,414],{"class":64},[20,29371,29372],{},[997,29373,2091],{},[41,29375,29377],{"className":43,"code":29376,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29378,29379,29400,29417],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29380,29381,29383,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29382,28348],{"class":125},[50,29384,29385],{"class":64},"():",[50,29387,9262],{"class":64},[50,29389,1736],{"class":68},[50,29391,9763],{"class":72},[50,29393,1736],{"class":68},[50,29395,89],{"class":64},[50,29397,2473],{"class":101},[50,29399,414],{"class":64},[50,29401,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29403,26041],{"class":125},[50,29405,122],{"class":64},[50,29407,1736],{"class":68},[50,29409,380],{"class":72},[50,29411,1736],{"class":68},[50,29413,16453],{"class":64},[50,29415,29416],{"class":101}," 1\n",[50,29418,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29420,9304],{"class":64},[50,29422,1736],{"class":68},[50,29424,4784],{"class":72},[50,29426,1736],{"class":68},[50,29428,78],{"class":64},[50,29430,3016],{"class":101},[50,29432,105],{"class":64},[20,29434,212,29435,29439],{},[380,29436,29437],{"href":12578},[15,29438,12773],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29441,212,29442,29444],{},[15,29443,12780],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[219,29446,29448],{"id":29447},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29450,29451,29452,29454],{},"Calling ",[15,29453,12780],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[41,29456,29458],{"className":43,"code":29457,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29459,29460,29468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29461,29462,29464,29466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29463,829],{"class":56},[50,29465,61],{"class":60},[50,29467,9862],{"class":64},[50,29469,29470,29472,29474,29476],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29471,776],{"class":56},[50,29473,129],{"class":64},[50,29475,28348],{"class":125},[50,29477,8671],{"class":64},[20,29479,29480],{},[997,29481,29482],{},"Error:",[41,29484,29486],{"className":43,"code":29485,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29487,29488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29489,29490,29492,29494,29496,29499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29491,31],{"class":1779},[50,29493,78],{"class":64},[50,29495,3321],{"class":68},[50,29497,29498],{"class":72},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[50,29500,29501],{"class":68},"'\n",[811,29503,29505],{"id":29504},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[41,29507,29509],{"className":43,"code":29508,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29510,29511,29519,29523,29531,29546,29556,29562],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29512,29513,29515,29517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29514,829],{"class":56},[50,29516,61],{"class":60},[50,29518,9862],{"class":64},[50,29520,29521],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29522,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29524,29525,29527,29529],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29526,7023],{"class":1622},[50,29528,1626],{"class":56},[50,29530,6417],{"class":64},[50,29532,29533,29536,29538,29540,29542,29544],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,29534,29535],{"class":56},"    item ",[50,29537,61],{"class":60},[50,29539,1626],{"class":56},[50,29541,129],{"class":64},[50,29543,28348],{"class":125},[50,29545,8671],{"class":64},[50,29547,29548,29550,29552,29554],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,29549,8094],{"class":118},[50,29551,122],{"class":64},[50,29553,23109],{"class":125},[50,29555,414],{"class":64},[50,29557,29558,29560],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,29559,27234],{"class":1622},[50,29561,6417],{"class":64},[50,29563,29564,29566,29568,29570,29573,29575],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,29565,8094],{"class":118},[50,29567,122],{"class":64},[50,29569,69],{"class":68},[50,29571,29572],{"class":72},"Dictionary is empty",[50,29574,69],{"class":68},[50,29576,414],{"class":64},[811,29578,29580,29581],{"id":29579},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29582,29583],{},"try-except",[41,29585,29587],{"className":43,"code":29586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29588,29589,29597,29601,29608,29622,29632,29642],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29590,29591,29593,29595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29592,829],{"class":56},[50,29594,61],{"class":60},[50,29596,9862],{"class":64},[50,29598,29599],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29600,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29602,29603,29606],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29604,29605],{"class":1622},"try",[50,29607,6417],{"class":64},[50,29609,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,29611,29535],{"class":56},[50,29613,61],{"class":60},[50,29615,1626],{"class":56},[50,29617,129],{"class":64},[50,29619,28348],{"class":125},[50,29621,8671],{"class":64},[50,29623,29624,29626,29628,29630],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,29625,8094],{"class":118},[50,29627,122],{"class":64},[50,29629,23109],{"class":125},[50,29631,414],{"class":64},[50,29633,29634,29637,29640],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,29635,29636],{"class":1622},"except",[50,29638,29639],{"class":1779}," KeyError",[50,29641,6417],{"class":64},[50,29643,29644,29646,29648,29650,29653,29655],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,29645,8094],{"class":118},[50,29647,122],{"class":64},[50,29649,69],{"class":68},[50,29651,29652],{"class":72},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[50,29654,69],{"class":68},[50,29656,414],{"class":64},[20,29658,29659,29660,129],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[380,29661,25479,29663],{"href":29662},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29664,29665],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[219,29667,582,29669],{"id":29668},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29670,12780],{},[20,29672,29673,29675],{},[15,29674,12780],{}," is useful when:",[233,29677,29678,29681,29684],{},[236,29679,29680],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[236,29682,29683],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[236,29685,29686],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29688,29689],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[41,29691,29693],{"className":43,"code":29692,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29694,29695,29704,29724,29744,29762,29766,29770,29780,29799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29696,29697,29700,29702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29698,29699],{"class":56},"tasks ",[50,29701,61],{"class":60},[50,29703,11507],{"class":64},[50,29705,29706,29708,29711,29713,29715,29717,29720,29722],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29707,11512],{"class":68},[50,29709,29710],{"class":72},"first",[50,29712,69],{"class":68},[50,29714,78],{"class":64},[50,29716,81],{"class":68},[50,29718,29719],{"class":72},"wash dishes",[50,29721,69],{"class":68},[50,29723,11528],{"class":64},[50,29725,29726,29728,29731,29733,29735,29737,29740,29742],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29727,11512],{"class":68},[50,29729,29730],{"class":72},"second",[50,29732,69],{"class":68},[50,29734,78],{"class":64},[50,29736,81],{"class":68},[50,29738,29739],{"class":72},"do homework",[50,29741,69],{"class":68},[50,29743,11528],{"class":64},[50,29745,29746,29748,29751,29753,29755,29757,29760],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,29747,11512],{"class":68},[50,29749,29750],{"class":72},"third",[50,29752,69],{"class":68},[50,29754,78],{"class":64},[50,29756,81],{"class":68},[50,29758,29759],{"class":72},"read book",[50,29761,3384],{"class":68},[50,29763,29764],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,29765,105],{"class":64},[50,29767,29768],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,29769,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29771,29772,29775,29778],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,29773,29774],{"class":1622},"while",[50,29776,29777],{"class":56}," tasks",[50,29779,6417],{"class":64},[50,29781,29782,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,29783,29784],{"class":56},"    key",[50,29786,89],{"class":64},[50,29788,21382],{"class":56},[50,29790,61],{"class":60},[50,29792,29777],{"class":56},[50,29794,129],{"class":64},[50,29796,28348],{"class":125},[50,29798,8671],{"class":64},[50,29800,29801,29803,29805,29807,29809,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819,29821,29823,29825],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,29802,8094],{"class":118},[50,29804,122],{"class":64},[50,29806,22092],{"class":2085},[50,29808,69],{"class":72},[50,29810,9304],{"class":101},[50,29812,411],{"class":125},[50,29814,22101],{"class":101},[50,29816,22104],{"class":72},[50,29818,9304],{"class":101},[50,29820,2495],{"class":125},[50,29822,22101],{"class":101},[50,29824,69],{"class":72},[50,29826,414],{"class":64},[20,29828,29829],{},[997,29830,29831],{},"Possible output:",[41,29833,29835],{"className":43,"code":29834,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29836,29837,29846,29855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29838,29839,29841,29843],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29840,29750],{"class":56},[50,29842,78],{"class":64},[50,29844,29845],{"class":56}," read book\n",[50,29847,29848,29850,29852],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29849,29730],{"class":56},[50,29851,78],{"class":64},[50,29853,29854],{"class":56}," do homework\n",[50,29856,29857,29859,29861],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29858,29710],{"class":56},[50,29860,78],{"class":64},[50,29862,29863],{"class":56}," wash dishes\n",[20,29865,28862,29866,29868],{},[15,29867,12780],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[219,29870,1663],{"id":1662},[20,29872,14738,29873,78],{},[15,29874,12780],{},[233,29876,29877,29891,29910,29921],{},[236,29878,29879,29884],{},[997,29880,29451,29881,29883],{},[15,29882,12780],{}," on an empty dictionary",[233,29885,29886],{},[236,29887,29888,29889,129],{},"This raises ",[15,29890,31],{},[236,29892,29893,29898],{},[997,29894,8480,29895,29897],{},[15,29896,12780],{}," to remove a specific key",[233,29899,29900,29903],{},[236,29901,29902],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[236,29904,212,29905,29909],{},[380,29906,29907],{"href":12578},[15,29908,12773],{}," if you need that.",[236,29911,29912,29916],{},[997,29913,1678,29914,27500],{},[15,29915,12780],{},[233,29917,29918],{},[236,29919,29920],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[236,29922,29923,29926],{},[997,29924,29925],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[233,29927,29928],{},[236,29929,29930,21773,29932,29934],{},[15,29931,12780],{},[15,29933,21453],{}," tuple.",[20,29936,29937],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[41,29939,29941],{"className":43,"code":29940,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29942,29943,29953,29967,29971,29985],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29944,29945,29947,29949,29951],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29946,119],{"class":118},[50,29948,122],{"class":64},[50,29950,1709],{"class":125},[50,29952,414],{"class":64},[50,29954,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963,29965],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29956,119],{"class":118},[50,29958,122],{"class":64},[50,29960,11181],{"class":118},[50,29962,122],{"class":64},[50,29964,1709],{"class":125},[50,29966,1770],{"class":64},[50,29968,29969],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29970,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29972,29973,29975,29977,29979,29981,29983],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,29974,28339],{"class":56},[50,29976,61],{"class":60},[50,29978,1745],{"class":56},[50,29980,129],{"class":64},[50,29982,28348],{"class":125},[50,29984,8671],{"class":64},[50,29986,29987,29989,29991,29993],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,29988,119],{"class":118},[50,29990,122],{"class":64},[50,29992,23109],{"class":125},[50,29994,414],{"class":64},[20,29996,29997],{},"Or with unpacking:",[41,29999,30001],{"className":43,"code":30000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30002,30003,30021,30031],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30004,30005,30007,30009,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30006,411],{"class":56},[50,30008,89],{"class":64},[50,30010,21382],{"class":56},[50,30012,61],{"class":60},[50,30014,1745],{"class":56},[50,30016,129],{"class":64},[50,30018,28348],{"class":125},[50,30020,8671],{"class":64},[50,30022,30023,30025,30027,30029],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30024,119],{"class":118},[50,30026,122],{"class":64},[50,30028,411],{"class":125},[50,30030,414],{"class":64},[50,30032,30033,30035,30037,30039],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30034,119],{"class":118},[50,30036,122],{"class":64},[50,30038,2495],{"class":125},[50,30040,414],{"class":64},[219,30042,1857],{"id":1856},[811,30044,5164,30046,5167],{"id":30045},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30047,12780],{},[20,30049,30050,30051,129],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30052,30053],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[811,30055,1861,30057,30059],{"id":30056},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30058,12780],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30061,30062],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[811,30064,30066,30067,30069],{"id":30065},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30068,12780],{}," removes?",[20,30071,30072,30073,30077],{},"No. Use ",[380,30074,30075],{"href":12578},[15,30076,12773],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[811,30079,1861,30081,14900],{"id":30080},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30082,12780],{},[20,30084,30085],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[811,30087,30089,30090,30092],{"id":30088},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30091,12780],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30094,30095,30096,30098,30099,129],{},"It raises ",[15,30097,31],{}," with the message ",[15,30100,29498],{},[219,30102,1909],{"id":1908},[233,30104,30105,30112,30118,30124,30130,30137,30141,30145],{},[236,30106,30107],{},[380,30108,30109,30111],{"href":12578},[15,30110,12773],{}," method for dictionaries",[236,30113,30114],{},[380,30115,30116,30111],{"href":1849},[15,30117,1852],{},[236,30119,30120],{},[380,30121,30122,30111],{"href":1840},[15,30123,1844],{},[236,30125,30126],{},[380,30127,30128,30111],{"href":17065},[15,30129,17068],{},[236,30131,30132],{},[380,30133,30135,30111],{"href":30134},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30136,11339],{},[236,30138,30139],{},[380,30140,12797],{"href":12585},[236,30142,30143],{},[380,30144,1938],{"href":756},[236,30146,30147],{},[380,30148,30149,30150],{"href":29662},"Fix ",[15,30151,29665],{},[1944,30153,30154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":30156},[30157,30158,30160,30161,30162,30163,30164,30165,30170,30175,30177,30178,30190],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":28435,"depth":108,"text":30159},"What popitem() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":28505,"depth":108,"text":28506},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":28858,"depth":108,"text":28859},{"id":29050,"depth":108,"text":29051},{"id":29178,"depth":108,"text":30166,"children":30167},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30168,30169],{"id":28348,"depth":115,"text":12780},{"id":26041,"depth":115,"text":12773},{"id":29447,"depth":108,"text":29448,"children":30171},[30172,30173],{"id":29504,"depth":115,"text":29505},{"id":29579,"depth":115,"text":30174},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29668,"depth":108,"text":30176},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":30179},[30180,30182,30184,30186,30188],{"id":30045,"depth":115,"text":30181},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30056,"depth":115,"text":30183},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30065,"depth":115,"text":30185},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30080,"depth":115,"text":30187},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30088,"depth":115,"text":30189},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28174,"description":30191},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30198,"title":30199,"body":30200,"description":32103,"extension":1981,"meta":32104,"navigation":111,"path":14038,"seo":32105,"stem":32106,"__hash__":32107},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30201,"toc":32075},[30202,30207,30212,30215,30217,30314,30319,30324,30329,30332,30340,30343,30358,30360,30460,30462,30519,30523,30525,30528,30548,30553,30564,30567,30594,30597,30599,30656,30658,30679,30685,30690,30693,30704,30706,30814,30816,30869,30871,30883,30890,30896,30901,30904,30992,30994,31039,31042,31050,31053,31056,31125,31128,31131,31135,31138,31209,31211,31264,31267,31270,31273,31288,31291,31303,31306,31369,31371,31377,31379,31381,31460,31462,31503,31505,31570,31572,31609,31614,31619,31623,31637,31640,31763,31765,31850,31855,31857,31861,31883,31886,31966,31969,31988,31993,31995,32001,32006,32012,32015,32021,32024,32030,32035,32041,32047,32049,32072],[10,30203,13,30205,18],{"id":30204},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30206,14958],{},[20,30208,228,30209,30211],{},[15,30210,14958],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30213,30214],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[219,30216,2022],{"id":2021},[41,30218,30220],{"className":43,"code":30219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30221,30222,30258,30299,30309],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30223,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30256],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30225,57],{"class":56},[50,30227,61],{"class":60},[50,30229,65],{"class":64},[50,30231,69],{"class":68},[50,30233,73],{"class":72},[50,30235,69],{"class":68},[50,30237,78],{"class":64},[50,30239,81],{"class":68},[50,30241,84],{"class":72},[50,30243,69],{"class":68},[50,30245,89],{"class":64},[50,30247,81],{"class":68},[50,30249,94],{"class":72},[50,30251,69],{"class":68},[50,30253,78],{"class":64},[50,30255,7816],{"class":101},[50,30257,105],{"class":64},[50,30259,30260,30262,30264,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30261,126],{"class":56},[50,30263,129],{"class":64},[50,30265,30266],{"class":125},"update",[50,30268,5553],{"class":64},[50,30270,69],{"class":68},[50,30272,94],{"class":72},[50,30274,69],{"class":68},[50,30276,78],{"class":64},[50,30278,30279],{"class":101}," 21",[50,30281,89],{"class":64},[50,30283,81],{"class":68},[50,30285,167],{"class":72},[50,30287,69],{"class":68},[50,30289,78],{"class":64},[50,30291,81],{"class":68},[50,30293,16032],{"class":72},[50,30295,69],{"class":68},[50,30297,30298],{"class":64},"})\n",[50,30300,30301,30303,30305,30307],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30302,119],{"class":118},[50,30304,122],{"class":64},[50,30306,126],{"class":125},[50,30308,414],{"class":64},[50,30310,30311],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,30312,30313],{"class":146},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30315,212,30316,30318],{},[15,30317,14958],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[219,30320,222,30322,225],{"id":30321},"what-update-does",[15,30323,14958],{},[20,30325,30326,30328],{},[15,30327,14958],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30330,30331],{},"It can do two main things:",[233,30333,30334,30337],{},[236,30335,30336],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[236,30338,30339],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30341,30342],{},"Important things to know:",[233,30344,30345,30348,30351,30355],{},[236,30346,30347],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[236,30349,30350],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[236,30352,5170,30353],{},[15,30354,38],{},[236,30356,30357],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30359,253],{},[41,30361,30363],{"className":43,"code":30362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30364,30365,30407,30450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30366,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30383,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30403,30405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30368,263],{"class":56},[50,30370,61],{"class":60},[50,30372,65],{"class":64},[50,30374,69],{"class":68},[50,30376,73],{"class":72},[50,30378,69],{"class":68},[50,30380,78],{"class":64},[50,30382,81],{"class":68},[50,30384,30385],{"class":72},"Mira",[50,30387,69],{"class":68},[50,30389,89],{"class":64},[50,30391,81],{"class":68},[50,30393,289],{"class":72},[50,30395,69],{"class":68},[50,30397,78],{"class":64},[50,30399,81],{"class":68},[50,30401,30402],{"class":72},"B",[50,30404,69],{"class":68},[50,30406,105],{"class":64},[50,30408,30409,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30429,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30446,30448],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30410,311],{"class":56},[50,30412,129],{"class":64},[50,30414,30266],{"class":125},[50,30416,5553],{"class":64},[50,30418,69],{"class":68},[50,30420,289],{"class":72},[50,30422,69],{"class":68},[50,30424,78],{"class":64},[50,30426,81],{"class":68},[50,30428,22043],{"class":72},[50,30430,69],{"class":68},[50,30432,89],{"class":64},[50,30434,81],{"class":68},[50,30436,167],{"class":72},[50,30438,69],{"class":68},[50,30440,78],{"class":64},[50,30442,81],{"class":68},[50,30444,30445],{"class":72},"Quito",[50,30447,69],{"class":68},[50,30449,30298],{"class":64},[50,30451,30452,30454,30456,30458],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30453,119],{"class":118},[50,30455,122],{"class":64},[50,30457,311],{"class":125},[50,30459,414],{"class":64},[20,30461,2091],{},[41,30463,30465],{"className":43,"code":30464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30466,30467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30468,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30470,9304],{"class":64},[50,30472,1736],{"class":68},[50,30474,73],{"class":72},[50,30476,1736],{"class":68},[50,30478,78],{"class":64},[50,30480,3321],{"class":68},[50,30482,30385],{"class":72},[50,30484,1736],{"class":68},[50,30486,89],{"class":64},[50,30488,3321],{"class":68},[50,30490,289],{"class":72},[50,30492,1736],{"class":68},[50,30494,78],{"class":64},[50,30496,3321],{"class":68},[50,30498,22043],{"class":72},[50,30500,1736],{"class":68},[50,30502,89],{"class":64},[50,30504,3321],{"class":68},[50,30506,167],{"class":72},[50,30508,1736],{"class":68},[50,30510,78],{"class":64},[50,30512,3321],{"class":68},[50,30514,30445],{"class":72},[50,30516,1736],{"class":68},[50,30518,105],{"class":64},[20,30520,9181,30521,129],{},[380,30522,24427],{"href":9414},[219,30524,387],{"id":386},[20,30526,30527],{},"The basic form is:",[41,30529,30531],{"className":43,"code":30530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30532,30533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30534,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30546],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30536,402],{"class":56},[50,30538,129],{"class":64},[50,30540,30266],{"class":125},[50,30542,122],{"class":64},[50,30544,30545],{"class":125},"other",[50,30547,414],{"class":64},[20,30549,30550,30552],{},[15,30551,30545],{}," can be:",[233,30554,30555,30558,30561],{},[236,30556,30557],{},"Another dictionary",[236,30559,30560],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[236,30562,30563],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30565,30566],{},"You can also use:",[41,30568,30570],{"className":43,"code":30569,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30571,30572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30573,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30575,402],{"class":56},[50,30577,129],{"class":64},[50,30579,30266],{"class":125},[50,30581,122],{"class":64},[50,30583,73],{"class":9202},[50,30585,61],{"class":60},[50,30587,69],{"class":68},[50,30589,7702],{"class":72},[50,30591,69],{"class":68},[50,30593,414],{"class":64},[20,30595,30596],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30598,253],{},[41,30600,30602],{"className":43,"code":30601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30603,30604,30624,30646],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30605,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30607,829],{"class":56},[50,30609,61],{"class":60},[50,30611,65],{"class":64},[50,30613,69],{"class":68},[50,30615,380],{"class":72},[50,30617,69],{"class":68},[50,30619,78],{"class":64},[50,30621,5521],{"class":101},[50,30623,105],{"class":64},[50,30625,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30627,776],{"class":56},[50,30629,129],{"class":64},[50,30631,30266],{"class":125},[50,30633,5553],{"class":64},[50,30635,69],{"class":68},[50,30637,380],{"class":72},[50,30639,69],{"class":68},[50,30641,78],{"class":64},[50,30643,1144],{"class":101},[50,30645,30298],{"class":64},[50,30647,30648,30650,30652,30654],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30649,119],{"class":118},[50,30651,122],{"class":64},[50,30653,776],{"class":125},[50,30655,414],{"class":64},[20,30657,2091],{},[41,30659,30661],{"className":43,"code":30660,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30662,30663],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30664,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30666,9304],{"class":64},[50,30668,1736],{"class":68},[50,30670,380],{"class":72},[50,30672,1736],{"class":68},[50,30674,78],{"class":64},[50,30676,1144],{"class":101},[50,30678,105],{"class":64},[219,30680,8444,30682,30684],{"id":30681},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30683,14958],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30686,30687,30688,129],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30689,14958],{},[20,30691,30692],{},"It is useful when:",[233,30694,30695,30698,30701],{},[236,30696,30697],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[236,30699,30700],{},"Adding extra settings",[236,30702,30703],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30705,253],{},[41,30707,30709],{"className":43,"code":30708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30710,30711,30748,30785,30789,30804],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30712,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30714,466],{"class":56},[50,30716,61],{"class":60},[50,30718,65],{"class":64},[50,30720,69],{"class":68},[50,30722,475],{"class":72},[50,30724,69],{"class":68},[50,30726,78],{"class":64},[50,30728,81],{"class":68},[50,30730,1373],{"class":72},[50,30732,69],{"class":68},[50,30734,89],{"class":64},[50,30736,81],{"class":68},[50,30738,13857],{"class":72},[50,30740,69],{"class":68},[50,30742,78],{"class":64},[50,30744,30745],{"class":101}," 12",[50,30747,105],{"class":64},[50,30749,30750,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30751,30752],{"class":56},"new_settings ",[50,30754,61],{"class":60},[50,30756,65],{"class":64},[50,30758,69],{"class":68},[50,30760,13857],{"class":72},[50,30762,69],{"class":68},[50,30764,78],{"class":64},[50,30766,13864],{"class":101},[50,30768,89],{"class":64},[50,30770,81],{"class":68},[50,30772,537],{"class":72},[50,30774,69],{"class":68},[50,30776,78],{"class":64},[50,30778,81],{"class":68},[50,30780,571],{"class":72},[50,30782,69],{"class":68},[50,30784,105],{"class":64},[50,30786,30787],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30788,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,30790,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30802],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,30792,501],{"class":56},[50,30794,129],{"class":64},[50,30796,30266],{"class":125},[50,30798,122],{"class":64},[50,30800,30801],{"class":125},"new_settings",[50,30803,414],{"class":64},[50,30805,30806,30808,30810,30812],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,30807,119],{"class":118},[50,30809,122],{"class":64},[50,30811,501],{"class":125},[50,30813,414],{"class":64},[20,30815,2091],{},[41,30817,30819],{"className":43,"code":30818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30820,30821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30822,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30824,9304],{"class":64},[50,30826,1736],{"class":68},[50,30828,475],{"class":72},[50,30830,1736],{"class":68},[50,30832,78],{"class":64},[50,30834,3321],{"class":68},[50,30836,1373],{"class":72},[50,30838,1736],{"class":68},[50,30840,89],{"class":64},[50,30842,3321],{"class":68},[50,30844,13857],{"class":72},[50,30846,1736],{"class":68},[50,30848,78],{"class":64},[50,30850,13864],{"class":101},[50,30852,89],{"class":64},[50,30854,3321],{"class":68},[50,30856,537],{"class":72},[50,30858,1736],{"class":68},[50,30860,78],{"class":64},[50,30862,3321],{"class":68},[50,30864,571],{"class":72},[50,30866,1736],{"class":68},[50,30868,105],{"class":64},[20,30870,13417],{},[233,30872,30873,30878],{},[236,30874,30875,30877],{},[15,30876,13857],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[236,30879,30880,30882],{},[15,30881,537],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30884,30885,30886,129],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[380,30887,30889],{"href":30888},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[219,30891,8444,30893,30895],{"id":30892},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30894,14958],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30897,30898,30900],{},[15,30899,14958],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30902,30903],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[41,30905,30907],{"className":43,"code":30906,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30908,30909,30929,30964,30968,30982],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30910,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30912,1128],{"class":56},[50,30914,61],{"class":60},[50,30916,65],{"class":64},[50,30918,69],{"class":68},[50,30920,1137],{"class":72},[50,30922,69],{"class":68},[50,30924,78],{"class":64},[50,30926,296],{"class":101},[50,30928,105],{"class":64},[50,30930,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30956,30958,30960,30962],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30932,9241],{"class":56},[50,30934,61],{"class":60},[50,30936,9246],{"class":64},[50,30938,69],{"class":68},[50,30940,1151],{"class":72},[50,30942,69],{"class":68},[50,30944,89],{"class":64},[50,30946,13515],{"class":101},[50,30948,9259],{"class":64},[50,30950,9262],{"class":64},[50,30952,69],{"class":68},[50,30954,30955],{"class":72},"english",[50,30957,69],{"class":68},[50,30959,89],{"class":64},[50,30961,28721],{"class":101},[50,30963,9275],{"class":64},[50,30965,30966],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30967,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,30969,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,30971,16390],{"class":56},[50,30973,129],{"class":64},[50,30975,30266],{"class":125},[50,30977,122],{"class":64},[50,30979,9288],{"class":125},[50,30981,414],{"class":64},[50,30983,30984,30986,30988,30990],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,30985,119],{"class":118},[50,30987,122],{"class":64},[50,30989,16390],{"class":125},[50,30991,414],{"class":64},[20,30993,2091],{},[41,30995,30997],{"className":43,"code":30996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30998,30999],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31000,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31002,9304],{"class":64},[50,31004,1736],{"class":68},[50,31006,1137],{"class":72},[50,31008,1736],{"class":68},[50,31010,78],{"class":64},[50,31012,296],{"class":101},[50,31014,89],{"class":64},[50,31016,3321],{"class":68},[50,31018,1151],{"class":72},[50,31020,1736],{"class":68},[50,31022,78],{"class":64},[50,31024,13515],{"class":101},[50,31026,89],{"class":64},[50,31028,3321],{"class":68},[50,31030,30955],{"class":72},[50,31032,1736],{"class":68},[50,31034,78],{"class":64},[50,31036,28721],{"class":101},[50,31038,105],{"class":64},[20,31040,31041],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[233,31043,31044,31047],{},[236,31045,31046],{},"The key",[236,31048,31049],{},"The value",[20,31051,31052],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31054,31055],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[41,31057,31059],{"className":43,"code":31058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31060,31061,31081,31106,31110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31062,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31064,829],{"class":56},[50,31066,61],{"class":60},[50,31068,65],{"class":64},[50,31070,69],{"class":68},[50,31072,380],{"class":72},[50,31074,69],{"class":68},[50,31076,78],{"class":64},[50,31078,5521],{"class":101},[50,31080,105],{"class":64},[50,31082,31083,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31084,31085],{"class":56},"bad_pairs ",[50,31087,61],{"class":60},[50,31089,9246],{"class":64},[50,31091,69],{"class":68},[50,31093,4784],{"class":72},[50,31095,69],{"class":68},[50,31097,89],{"class":64},[50,31099,3016],{"class":101},[50,31101,89],{"class":64},[50,31103,2473],{"class":101},[50,31105,9275],{"class":64},[50,31107,31108],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31109,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31111,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120,31123],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,31113,776],{"class":56},[50,31115,129],{"class":64},[50,31117,30266],{"class":125},[50,31119,122],{"class":64},[50,31121,31122],{"class":125},"bad_pairs",[50,31124,414],{"class":64},[20,31126,31127],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31129,31130],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[219,31132,31134],{"id":31133},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31136,31137],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[41,31139,31141],{"className":43,"code":31140,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31142,31143,31167,31199],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31144,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31146,618],{"class":56},[50,31148,61],{"class":60},[50,31150,65],{"class":64},[50,31152,69],{"class":68},[50,31154,73],{"class":72},[50,31156,69],{"class":68},[50,31158,78],{"class":64},[50,31160,81],{"class":68},[50,31162,28714],{"class":72},[50,31164,69],{"class":68},[50,31166,105],{"class":64},[50,31168,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31188,31190,31192,31195,31197],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31170,670],{"class":56},[50,31172,129],{"class":64},[50,31174,30266],{"class":125},[50,31176,122],{"class":64},[50,31178,94],{"class":9202},[50,31180,61],{"class":60},[50,31182,9220],{"class":101},[50,31184,89],{"class":64},[50,31186,31187],{"class":9202}," city",[50,31189,61],{"class":60},[50,31191,69],{"class":68},[50,31193,31194],{"class":72},"Madrid",[50,31196,69],{"class":68},[50,31198,414],{"class":64},[50,31200,31201,31203,31205,31207],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31202,119],{"class":118},[50,31204,122],{"class":64},[50,31206,670],{"class":125},[50,31208,414],{"class":64},[20,31210,2091],{},[41,31212,31214],{"className":43,"code":31213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31215,31216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31217,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31219,9304],{"class":64},[50,31221,1736],{"class":68},[50,31223,73],{"class":72},[50,31225,1736],{"class":68},[50,31227,78],{"class":64},[50,31229,3321],{"class":68},[50,31231,28714],{"class":72},[50,31233,1736],{"class":68},[50,31235,89],{"class":64},[50,31237,3321],{"class":68},[50,31239,94],{"class":72},[50,31241,1736],{"class":68},[50,31243,78],{"class":64},[50,31245,102],{"class":101},[50,31247,89],{"class":64},[50,31249,3321],{"class":68},[50,31251,167],{"class":72},[50,31253,1736],{"class":68},[50,31255,78],{"class":64},[50,31257,3321],{"class":68},[50,31259,31194],{"class":72},[50,31261,1736],{"class":68},[50,31263,105],{"class":64},[20,31265,31266],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31268,31269],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31271,31272],{},"These work:",[233,31274,31275,31279,31283],{},[236,31276,31277],{},[15,31278,94],{},[236,31280,31281],{},[15,31282,167],{},[236,31284,31285],{},[15,31286,31287],{},"first_name",[20,31289,31290],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[233,31292,31293,31298],{},[236,31294,31295],{},[15,31296,31297],{},"\"first name\"",[236,31299,31300],{},[15,31301,31302],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31304,31305],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[41,31307,31309],{"className":43,"code":31308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31310,31311,31319,31359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31312,31313,31315,31317],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31314,618],{"class":56},[50,31316,61],{"class":60},[50,31318,9862],{"class":64},[50,31320,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31350,31352,31354,31357],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31322,670],{"class":56},[50,31324,129],{"class":64},[50,31326,30266],{"class":125},[50,31328,5553],{"class":64},[50,31330,69],{"class":68},[50,31332,10535],{"class":72},[50,31334,69],{"class":68},[50,31336,78],{"class":64},[50,31338,81],{"class":68},[50,31340,28714],{"class":72},[50,31342,69],{"class":68},[50,31344,89],{"class":64},[50,31346,81],{"class":68},[50,31348,31349],{"class":72},"user-id",[50,31351,69],{"class":68},[50,31353,78],{"class":64},[50,31355,31356],{"class":101}," 1001",[50,31358,30298],{"class":64},[50,31360,31361,31363,31365,31367],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31362,119],{"class":118},[50,31364,122],{"class":64},[50,31366,670],{"class":125},[50,31368,414],{"class":64},[219,31370,17411],{"id":17410},[20,31372,31373,35,31375,129],{},[15,31374,14958],{},[15,31376,38],{},[20,31378,14054],{},[20,31380,24507],{},[41,31382,31384],{"className":43,"code":31383,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31385,31386,31410,31436,31440,31450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31387,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31389,57],{"class":56},[50,31391,61],{"class":60},[50,31393,65],{"class":64},[50,31395,69],{"class":68},[50,31397,73],{"class":72},[50,31399,69],{"class":68},[50,31401,78],{"class":64},[50,31403,81],{"class":68},[50,31405,84],{"class":72},[50,31407,69],{"class":68},[50,31409,105],{"class":64},[50,31411,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31413,2250],{"class":56},[50,31415,61],{"class":60},[50,31417,13255],{"class":56},[50,31419,129],{"class":64},[50,31421,30266],{"class":125},[50,31423,5553],{"class":64},[50,31425,69],{"class":68},[50,31427,94],{"class":72},[50,31429,69],{"class":68},[50,31431,78],{"class":64},[50,31433,7816],{"class":101},[50,31435,30298],{"class":64},[50,31437,31438],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31439,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31441,31442,31444,31446,31448],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,31443,119],{"class":118},[50,31445,122],{"class":64},[50,31447,2285],{"class":125},[50,31449,414],{"class":64},[50,31451,31452,31454,31456,31458],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,31453,119],{"class":118},[50,31455,122],{"class":64},[50,31457,126],{"class":125},[50,31459,414],{"class":64},[20,31461,2091],{},[41,31463,31465],{"className":43,"code":31464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31466,31467,31471],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31468,31469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31470,11821],{"class":1494},[50,31472,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31474,9304],{"class":64},[50,31476,1736],{"class":68},[50,31478,73],{"class":72},[50,31480,1736],{"class":68},[50,31482,78],{"class":64},[50,31484,3321],{"class":68},[50,31486,84],{"class":72},[50,31488,1736],{"class":68},[50,31490,89],{"class":64},[50,31492,3321],{"class":68},[50,31494,94],{"class":72},[50,31496,1736],{"class":68},[50,31498,78],{"class":64},[50,31500,7816],{"class":101},[50,31502,105],{"class":64},[20,31504,16655],{},[41,31506,31508],{"className":43,"code":31507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31509,31510,31534,31556,31560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31511,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31513,57],{"class":56},[50,31515,61],{"class":60},[50,31517,65],{"class":64},[50,31519,69],{"class":68},[50,31521,73],{"class":72},[50,31523,69],{"class":68},[50,31525,78],{"class":64},[50,31527,81],{"class":68},[50,31529,84],{"class":72},[50,31531,69],{"class":68},[50,31533,105],{"class":64},[50,31535,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31537,126],{"class":56},[50,31539,129],{"class":64},[50,31541,30266],{"class":125},[50,31543,5553],{"class":64},[50,31545,69],{"class":68},[50,31547,94],{"class":72},[50,31549,69],{"class":68},[50,31551,78],{"class":64},[50,31553,7816],{"class":101},[50,31555,30298],{"class":64},[50,31557,31558],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31559,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31561,31562,31564,31566,31568],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,31563,119],{"class":118},[50,31565,122],{"class":64},[50,31567,126],{"class":125},[50,31569,414],{"class":64},[20,31571,2091],{},[41,31573,31575],{"className":43,"code":31574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31576,31577],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31578,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31580,9304],{"class":64},[50,31582,1736],{"class":68},[50,31584,73],{"class":72},[50,31586,1736],{"class":68},[50,31588,78],{"class":64},[50,31590,3321],{"class":68},[50,31592,84],{"class":72},[50,31594,1736],{"class":68},[50,31596,89],{"class":64},[50,31598,3321],{"class":68},[50,31600,94],{"class":72},[50,31602,1736],{"class":68},[50,31604,78],{"class":64},[50,31606,7816],{"class":101},[50,31608,105],{"class":64},[20,31610,31611,31612,129],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[380,31613,17897],{"href":10753},[219,31615,582,31617],{"id":31616},"when-to-use-update",[15,31618,14958],{},[20,31620,212,31621,589],{},[15,31622,14958],{},[233,31624,31625,31628,31631,31634],{},[236,31626,31627],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[236,31629,31630],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[236,31632,31633],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[236,31635,31636],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31638,31639],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[41,31641,31643],{"className":43,"code":31642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31644,31645,31681,31696,31700,31739,31743,31753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31646,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31648,12099],{"class":56},[50,31650,61],{"class":60},[50,31652,65],{"class":64},[50,31654,69],{"class":68},[50,31656,73],{"class":72},[50,31658,69],{"class":68},[50,31660,78],{"class":64},[50,31662,81],{"class":68},[50,31664,84],{"class":72},[50,31666,69],{"class":68},[50,31668,89],{"class":64},[50,31670,81],{"class":68},[50,31672,94],{"class":72},[50,31674,69],{"class":68},[50,31676,78],{"class":64},[50,31678,7816],{"class":101},[50,31680,105],{"class":64},[50,31682,31683,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31684,31685],{"class":56},"updated ",[50,31687,61],{"class":60},[50,31689,12174],{"class":56},[50,31691,129],{"class":64},[50,31693,12920],{"class":125},[50,31695,8671],{"class":64},[50,31697,31698],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31699,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31701,31702,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,31703,31704],{"class":56},"updated",[50,31706,129],{"class":64},[50,31708,30266],{"class":125},[50,31710,5553],{"class":64},[50,31712,69],{"class":68},[50,31714,94],{"class":72},[50,31716,69],{"class":68},[50,31718,78],{"class":64},[50,31720,30279],{"class":101},[50,31722,89],{"class":64},[50,31724,81],{"class":68},[50,31726,167],{"class":72},[50,31728,69],{"class":68},[50,31730,78],{"class":64},[50,31732,81],{"class":68},[50,31734,16032],{"class":72},[50,31736,69],{"class":68},[50,31738,30298],{"class":64},[50,31740,31741],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,31742,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31744,31745,31747,31749,31751],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,31746,119],{"class":118},[50,31748,122],{"class":64},[50,31750,12146],{"class":125},[50,31752,414],{"class":64},[50,31754,31755,31757,31759,31761],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,31756,119],{"class":118},[50,31758,122],{"class":64},[50,31760,31704],{"class":125},[50,31762,414],{"class":64},[20,31764,2091],{},[41,31766,31768],{"className":43,"code":31767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31769,31770,31802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31771,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31773,9304],{"class":64},[50,31775,1736],{"class":68},[50,31777,73],{"class":72},[50,31779,1736],{"class":68},[50,31781,78],{"class":64},[50,31783,3321],{"class":68},[50,31785,84],{"class":72},[50,31787,1736],{"class":68},[50,31789,89],{"class":64},[50,31791,3321],{"class":68},[50,31793,94],{"class":72},[50,31795,1736],{"class":68},[50,31797,78],{"class":64},[50,31799,7816],{"class":101},[50,31801,105],{"class":64},[50,31803,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31805,9304],{"class":64},[50,31807,1736],{"class":68},[50,31809,73],{"class":72},[50,31811,1736],{"class":68},[50,31813,78],{"class":64},[50,31815,3321],{"class":68},[50,31817,84],{"class":72},[50,31819,1736],{"class":68},[50,31821,89],{"class":64},[50,31823,3321],{"class":68},[50,31825,94],{"class":72},[50,31827,1736],{"class":68},[50,31829,78],{"class":64},[50,31831,30279],{"class":101},[50,31833,89],{"class":64},[50,31835,3321],{"class":68},[50,31837,167],{"class":72},[50,31839,1736],{"class":68},[50,31841,78],{"class":64},[50,31843,3321],{"class":68},[50,31845,16032],{"class":72},[50,31847,1736],{"class":68},[50,31849,105],{"class":64},[20,31851,31852,31853,129],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[380,31854,757],{"href":756},[219,31856,1663],{"id":1662},[20,31858,10767,31859,78],{},[15,31860,14958],{},[233,31862,31863,31870,31874,31877,31880],{},[236,31864,12606,31865,31867,31868],{},[15,31866,14958],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31869,38],{},[236,31871,8480,31872,12614],{},[15,31873,14958],{},[236,31875,31876],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[236,31878,31879],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[236,31881,31882],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31884,31885],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[41,31887,31889],{"className":43,"code":31888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31890,31891,31901,31915,31929,31951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31892,31893,31895,31897,31899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31894,119],{"class":118},[50,31896,122],{"class":64},[50,31898,1709],{"class":125},[50,31900,414],{"class":64},[50,31902,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31904,119],{"class":118},[50,31906,122],{"class":64},[50,31908,1780],{"class":1779},[50,31910,122],{"class":64},[50,31912,776],{"class":125},[50,31914,1770],{"class":64},[50,31916,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31918,119],{"class":118},[50,31920,122],{"class":64},[50,31922,8119],{"class":1779},[50,31924,122],{"class":64},[50,31926,776],{"class":125},[50,31928,1770],{"class":64},[50,31930,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,31932,119],{"class":118},[50,31934,122],{"class":64},[50,31936,1709],{"class":125},[50,31938,129],{"class":64},[50,31940,132],{"class":125},[50,31942,122],{"class":64},[50,31944,1736],{"class":68},[50,31946,411],{"class":72},[50,31948,1736],{"class":68},[50,31950,1770],{"class":64},[50,31952,31953,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,31954,31955],{"class":118},"help",[50,31957,122],{"class":64},[50,31959,8850],{"class":1779},[50,31961,129],{"class":64},[50,31963,30266],{"class":24549},[50,31965,414],{"class":64},[20,31967,31968],{},"These can help you check:",[233,31970,31971,31974,31979,31982,31985],{},[236,31972,31973],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[236,31975,31976,31977],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31978,14958],{},[236,31980,31981],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[236,31983,31984],{},"Whether a key exists",[236,31986,31987],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31989,31990,31991,129],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[380,31992,1014],{"href":1013},[219,31994,1857],{"id":1856},[811,31996,1861,31998,32000],{"id":31997},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31999,14958],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32002,32003,32004,129],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32005,38],{},[811,32007,1861,32009,32011],{"id":32008},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32010,14958],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32013,32014],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[811,32016,5192,32018,32020],{"id":32017},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32019,14958],{}," add new keys?",[20,32022,32023],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[811,32025,28129,32027,32029],{"id":32026},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32028,14958],{}," with a list?",[20,32031,32032,32033,129],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32034,11114],{},[811,32036,5202,32038,32040],{"id":32037},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32039,14958],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32042,32043,32044,32046],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32045,14958],{}," can change many keys at once.",[219,32048,1909],{"id":1908},[233,32050,32051,32055,32059,32064,32068],{},[236,32052,32053],{},[380,32054,25895],{"href":9414},[236,32056,32057],{},[380,32058,11271],{"href":10753},[236,32060,32061],{},[380,32062,32063],{"href":30888},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[236,32065,32066],{},[380,32067,1938],{"href":756},[236,32069,32070],{},[380,32071,1014],{"href":1013},[1944,32073,32074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":32076},[32077,32078,32080,32081,32083,32085,32086,32087,32089,32090,32102],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":30321,"depth":108,"text":32079},"What update() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":30681,"depth":108,"text":32082},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30892,"depth":108,"text":32084},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31133,"depth":108,"text":31134},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":31616,"depth":108,"text":32088},"When to use update()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":32091},[32092,32094,32096,32098,32100],{"id":31997,"depth":115,"text":32093},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32008,"depth":115,"text":32095},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32017,"depth":115,"text":32097},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32026,"depth":115,"text":32099},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32037,"depth":115,"text":32101},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30199,"description":32103},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32109,"title":32110,"body":32111,"description":34100,"extension":1981,"meta":34101,"navigation":111,"path":22693,"seo":34102,"stem":34103,"__hash__":34104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32112,"toc":34063},[32113,32118,32125,32128,32130,32229,32231,32286,32291,32296,32310,32315,32317,32332,32334,32348,32361,32366,32372,32379,32381,32488,32490,32539,32545,32620,32622,32643,32645,32648,32753,32755,32810,32812,32840,32844,32849,32928,32930,32950,32952,32963,32973,32977,32982,33086,33088,33113,33116,33127,33132,33141,33144,33161,33163,33250,33252,33315,33317,33340,33342,33347,33353,33358,33360,33399,33405,33408,33427,33438,33444,33447,33520,33522,33541,33546,33549,33572,33578,33581,33645,33648,33725,33732,33735,33794,33800,33802,33821,33825,33828,33879,33882,33902,33904,33965,33967,33972,33977,33982,33987,33992,33997,34003,34006,34015,34023,34025,34060],[10,32114,13,32116,18],{"id":32115},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32117,17068],{},[20,32119,32120,32121,32124],{},"The Python ",[15,32122,32123],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32126,32127],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[219,32129,2022],{"id":2021},[41,32131,32133],{"className":43,"code":32132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32134,32135,32187,32201,32205,32215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32136,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32138,263],{"class":56},[50,32140,61],{"class":60},[50,32142,65],{"class":64},[50,32144,69],{"class":68},[50,32146,73],{"class":72},[50,32148,69],{"class":68},[50,32150,78],{"class":64},[50,32152,81],{"class":68},[50,32154,84],{"class":72},[50,32156,69],{"class":68},[50,32158,89],{"class":64},[50,32160,81],{"class":68},[50,32162,94],{"class":72},[50,32164,69],{"class":68},[50,32166,78],{"class":64},[50,32168,7816],{"class":101},[50,32170,89],{"class":64},[50,32172,81],{"class":68},[50,32174,167],{"class":72},[50,32176,69],{"class":68},[50,32178,78],{"class":64},[50,32180,81],{"class":68},[50,32182,16032],{"class":72},[50,32184,69],{"class":68},[50,32186,105],{"class":64},[50,32188,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32190,3848],{"class":56},[50,32192,61],{"class":60},[50,32194,12915],{"class":56},[50,32196,129],{"class":64},[50,32198,5382],{"class":125},[50,32200,8671],{"class":64},[50,32202,32203],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32204,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32206,32207,32209,32211,32213],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,32208,119],{"class":118},[50,32210,122],{"class":64},[50,32212,5382],{"class":125},[50,32214,414],{"class":64},[50,32216,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,32218,119],{"class":118},[50,32220,122],{"class":64},[50,32222,8119],{"class":1779},[50,32224,122],{"class":64},[50,32226,5382],{"class":125},[50,32228,1770],{"class":64},[20,32230,2091],{},[41,32232,32234],{"className":43,"code":32233,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32235,32236,32262],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32237,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32239,17036],{"class":125},[50,32241,3008],{"class":64},[50,32243,1736],{"class":68},[50,32245,84],{"class":72},[50,32247,1736],{"class":68},[50,32249,89],{"class":64},[50,32251,7816],{"class":101},[50,32253,89],{"class":64},[50,32255,3321],{"class":68},[50,32257,16032],{"class":72},[50,32259,1736],{"class":68},[50,32261,3911],{"class":64},[50,32263,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32265,779],{"class":64},[50,32267,1736],{"class":68},[50,32269,84],{"class":72},[50,32271,1736],{"class":68},[50,32273,89],{"class":64},[50,32275,7816],{"class":101},[50,32277,89],{"class":64},[50,32279,3321],{"class":68},[50,32281,16032],{"class":72},[50,32283,1736],{"class":68},[50,32285,788],{"class":64},[20,32287,32288,32290],{},[15,32289,17068],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[219,32292,222,32294,225],{"id":32293},"what-values-does",[15,32295,17068],{},[233,32297,32298,32301,32304,32307],{},[236,32299,32300],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[236,32302,32303],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[236,32305,32306],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[236,32308,32309],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32311,32312,32313,129],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[380,32314,9415],{"href":9414},[219,32316,387],{"id":386},[41,32318,32320],{"className":43,"code":32319,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32321,32322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32323,32324,32326,32328,32330],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32325,1709],{"class":56},[50,32327,129],{"class":64},[50,32329,5382],{"class":125},[50,32331,8671],{"class":64},[20,32333,13060],{},[233,32335,32336,32340,32343],{},[236,32337,32338,11480],{},[15,32339,17068],{},[236,32341,32342],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[236,32344,32345,32346],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32347,17068],{},[20,32349,32350,32351,1846,32356,129],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[380,32352,32353,32355],{"href":1840},[15,32354,1844],{}," for dictionary keys",[380,32357,32358,32360],{"href":1849},[15,32359,1852],{}," for key-value pairs",[219,32362,222,32364,11719],{"id":32363},"what-values-returns",[15,32365,17068],{},[20,32367,32368,21773,32370,24563],{},[15,32369,17068],{},[15,32371,17036],{},[20,32373,32374,32375,32378],{},"This object is a ",[997,32376,32377],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32380,253],{},[41,32382,32384],{"className":43,"code":32383,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32385,32386,32422,32426,32441,32452,32456,32478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32387,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32389,57],{"class":56},[50,32391,61],{"class":60},[50,32393,65],{"class":64},[50,32395,69],{"class":68},[50,32397,73],{"class":72},[50,32399,69],{"class":68},[50,32401,78],{"class":64},[50,32403,81],{"class":68},[50,32405,1051],{"class":72},[50,32407,69],{"class":68},[50,32409,89],{"class":64},[50,32411,81],{"class":68},[50,32413,94],{"class":72},[50,32415,69],{"class":68},[50,32417,78],{"class":64},[50,32419,102],{"class":101},[50,32421,105],{"class":64},[50,32423,32424],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32425,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32427,32428,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32429,32430],{"class":56},"values_view ",[50,32432,61],{"class":60},[50,32434,13255],{"class":56},[50,32436,129],{"class":64},[50,32438,5382],{"class":125},[50,32440,8671],{"class":64},[50,32442,32443,32445,32447,32450],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,32444,119],{"class":118},[50,32446,122],{"class":64},[50,32448,32449],{"class":125},"values_view",[50,32451,414],{"class":64},[50,32453,32454],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,32455,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32457,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,32459,126],{"class":56},[50,32461,779],{"class":64},[50,32463,69],{"class":68},[50,32465,167],{"class":72},[50,32467,69],{"class":68},[50,32469,13281],{"class":64},[50,32471,13284],{"class":60},[50,32473,81],{"class":68},[50,32475,30445],{"class":72},[50,32477,3384],{"class":68},[50,32479,32480,32482,32484,32486],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,32481,119],{"class":118},[50,32483,122],{"class":64},[50,32485,32449],{"class":125},[50,32487,414],{"class":64},[20,32489,2091],{},[41,32491,32493],{"className":43,"code":32492,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32494,32495,32513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32496,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32498,17036],{"class":125},[50,32500,3008],{"class":64},[50,32502,1736],{"class":68},[50,32504,1051],{"class":72},[50,32506,1736],{"class":68},[50,32508,89],{"class":64},[50,32510,102],{"class":101},[50,32512,3911],{"class":64},[50,32514,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32516,17036],{"class":125},[50,32518,3008],{"class":64},[50,32520,1736],{"class":68},[50,32522,1051],{"class":72},[50,32524,1736],{"class":68},[50,32526,89],{"class":64},[50,32528,102],{"class":101},[50,32530,89],{"class":64},[50,32532,3321],{"class":68},[50,32534,30445],{"class":72},[50,32536,1736],{"class":68},[50,32538,3911],{"class":64},[20,32540,32541,32542,129],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32543,32544],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[41,32546,32548],{"className":43,"code":32547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32549,32550,32586,32605,32609],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32551,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32553,57],{"class":56},[50,32555,61],{"class":60},[50,32557,65],{"class":64},[50,32559,69],{"class":68},[50,32561,73],{"class":72},[50,32563,69],{"class":68},[50,32565,78],{"class":64},[50,32567,81],{"class":68},[50,32569,1051],{"class":72},[50,32571,69],{"class":68},[50,32573,89],{"class":64},[50,32575,81],{"class":68},[50,32577,94],{"class":72},[50,32579,69],{"class":68},[50,32581,78],{"class":64},[50,32583,102],{"class":101},[50,32585,105],{"class":64},[50,32587,32588,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32589,32590],{"class":56},"values_list ",[50,32592,61],{"class":60},[50,32594,22358],{"class":1779},[50,32596,122],{"class":64},[50,32598,126],{"class":125},[50,32600,129],{"class":64},[50,32602,5382],{"class":125},[50,32604,1727],{"class":64},[50,32606,32607],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32608,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32610,32611,32613,32615,32618],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,32612,119],{"class":118},[50,32614,122],{"class":64},[50,32616,32617],{"class":125},"values_list",[50,32619,414],{"class":64},[20,32621,2091],{},[41,32623,32625],{"className":43,"code":32624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32626,32627],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32628,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32630,779],{"class":64},[50,32632,1736],{"class":68},[50,32634,1051],{"class":72},[50,32636,1736],{"class":68},[50,32638,89],{"class":64},[50,32640,102],{"class":101},[50,32642,788],{"class":64},[219,32644,11490],{"id":11489},[20,32646,32647],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[41,32649,32651],{"className":43,"code":32650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32652,32653,32707,32711,32725,32729,32739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32654,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32688,32690,32692,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32656,24595],{"class":56},[50,32658,61],{"class":60},[50,32660,65],{"class":64},[50,32662,69],{"class":68},[50,32664,24604],{"class":72},[50,32666,69],{"class":68},[50,32668,78],{"class":64},[50,32670,81],{"class":68},[50,32672,24613],{"class":72},[50,32674,69],{"class":68},[50,32676,89],{"class":64},[50,32678,81],{"class":68},[50,32680,24622],{"class":72},[50,32682,69],{"class":68},[50,32684,78],{"class":64},[50,32686,32687],{"class":101}," 2022",[50,32689,89],{"class":64},[50,32691,81],{"class":68},[50,32693,32694],{"class":72},"color",[50,32696,69],{"class":68},[50,32698,78],{"class":64},[50,32700,81],{"class":68},[50,32702,13118],{"class":72},[50,32704,69],{"class":68},[50,32706,105],{"class":64},[50,32708,32709],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32710,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32712,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32714,2250],{"class":56},[50,32716,61],{"class":60},[50,32718,24644],{"class":56},[50,32720,129],{"class":64},[50,32722,5382],{"class":125},[50,32724,8671],{"class":64},[50,32726,32727],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,32728,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32730,32731,32733,32735,32737],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,32732,119],{"class":118},[50,32734,122],{"class":64},[50,32736,2285],{"class":125},[50,32738,414],{"class":64},[50,32740,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,32742,119],{"class":118},[50,32744,122],{"class":64},[50,32746,8119],{"class":1779},[50,32748,122],{"class":64},[50,32750,2285],{"class":125},[50,32752,1770],{"class":64},[20,32754,2091],{},[41,32756,32758],{"className":43,"code":32757,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32759,32760,32786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32761,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32763,17036],{"class":125},[50,32765,3008],{"class":64},[50,32767,1736],{"class":68},[50,32769,24613],{"class":72},[50,32771,1736],{"class":68},[50,32773,89],{"class":64},[50,32775,32687],{"class":101},[50,32777,89],{"class":64},[50,32779,3321],{"class":68},[50,32781,13118],{"class":72},[50,32783,1736],{"class":68},[50,32785,3911],{"class":64},[50,32787,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32789,779],{"class":64},[50,32791,1736],{"class":68},[50,32793,24613],{"class":72},[50,32795,1736],{"class":68},[50,32797,89],{"class":64},[50,32799,32687],{"class":101},[50,32801,89],{"class":64},[50,32803,3321],{"class":68},[50,32805,13118],{"class":72},[50,32807,1736],{"class":68},[50,32809,788],{"class":64},[20,32811,11697],{},[233,32813,32814,32820,32826,32834],{},[236,32815,32816,32819],{},[15,32817,32818],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[236,32821,32822,32825],{},[15,32823,32824],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[236,32827,32828,32831,32832,24416],{},[15,32829,32830],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32833,17036],{},[236,32835,32836,32839],{},[15,32837,32838],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[219,32841,32843],{"id":32842},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32845,32846,32847,25864],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32848,5982],{},[41,32850,32852],{"className":43,"code":32851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32853,32854,32898,32902,32918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32855,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32857,1128],{"class":56},[50,32859,61],{"class":60},[50,32861,65],{"class":64},[50,32863,69],{"class":68},[50,32865,1137],{"class":72},[50,32867,69],{"class":68},[50,32869,78],{"class":64},[50,32871,296],{"class":101},[50,32873,89],{"class":64},[50,32875,81],{"class":68},[50,32877,30955],{"class":72},[50,32879,69],{"class":68},[50,32881,78],{"class":64},[50,32883,13515],{"class":101},[50,32885,89],{"class":64},[50,32887,81],{"class":68},[50,32889,1151],{"class":72},[50,32891,69],{"class":68},[50,32893,78],{"class":64},[50,32895,28721],{"class":101},[50,32897,105],{"class":64},[50,32899,32900],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32901,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32903,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32905,5982],{"class":1622},[50,32907,21382],{"class":56},[50,32909,1562],{"class":1622},[50,32911,1174],{"class":56},[50,32913,129],{"class":64},[50,32915,5382],{"class":125},[50,32917,21393],{"class":64},[50,32919,32920,32922,32924,32926],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,32921,8094],{"class":118},[50,32923,122],{"class":64},[50,32925,2495],{"class":125},[50,32927,414],{"class":64},[20,32929,2091],{},[41,32931,32933],{"className":43,"code":32932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32934,32935,32940,32945],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32936,32937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32938,32939],{"class":101},"90\n",[50,32941,32942],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32943,32944],{"class":101},"85\n",[50,32946,32947],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32948,32949],{"class":101},"88\n",[20,32951,17703],{},[233,32953,32954,32957,32960],{},[236,32955,32956],{},"You only need the values",[236,32958,32959],{},"You do not care about the keys",[236,32961,32962],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32964,32965,32966,2901,32970,129],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[380,32967,1920,32968,1845],{"href":1849},[15,32969,1852],{},[380,32971,22273],{"href":32972},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[219,32974,32976],{"id":32975},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32978,212,32979,32981],{},[15,32980,32544],{}," when you need a list.",[41,32983,32985],{"className":43,"code":32984,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32986,32987,33033,33037,33057,33061,33072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32988,32989,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33025,33027,33029,33031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32990,32991],{"class":56},"fruit_prices ",[50,32993,61],{"class":60},[50,32995,65],{"class":64},[50,32997,69],{"class":68},[50,32999,4102],{"class":72},[50,33001,69],{"class":68},[50,33003,78],{"class":64},[50,33005,3016],{"class":101},[50,33007,89],{"class":64},[50,33009,81],{"class":68},[50,33011,4111],{"class":72},[50,33013,69],{"class":68},[50,33015,78],{"class":64},[50,33017,5521],{"class":101},[50,33019,89],{"class":64},[50,33021,81],{"class":68},[50,33023,33024],{"class":72},"orange",[50,33026,69],{"class":68},[50,33028,78],{"class":64},[50,33030,2473],{"class":101},[50,33032,105],{"class":64},[50,33034,33035],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33036,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33038,33039,33042,33044,33046,33048,33051,33053,33055],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33040,33041],{"class":56},"price_list ",[50,33043,61],{"class":60},[50,33045,22358],{"class":1779},[50,33047,122],{"class":64},[50,33049,33050],{"class":125},"fruit_prices",[50,33052,129],{"class":64},[50,33054,5382],{"class":125},[50,33056,1727],{"class":64},[50,33058,33059],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,33060,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33062,33063,33065,33067,33070],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,33064,119],{"class":118},[50,33066,122],{"class":64},[50,33068,33069],{"class":125},"price_list",[50,33071,414],{"class":64},[50,33073,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,33075,119],{"class":118},[50,33077,122],{"class":64},[50,33079,33069],{"class":125},[50,33081,779],{"class":64},[50,33083,1215],{"class":101},[50,33085,3911],{"class":64},[20,33087,2091],{},[41,33089,33091],{"className":43,"code":33090,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33092,33093,33109],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33094,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33096,779],{"class":64},[50,33098,2076],{"class":101},[50,33100,89],{"class":64},[50,33102,5521],{"class":101},[50,33104,89],{"class":64},[50,33106,2473],{"class":101},[50,33108,788],{"class":64},[50,33110,33111],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33112,17055],{"class":101},[20,33114,33115],{},"This is helpful for:",[233,33117,33118,33121,33124],{},[236,33119,33120],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[236,33122,33123],{},"Accessing values by index",[236,33125,33126],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33128,3947,33129,33131],{},[15,33130,17036],{}," is not the same as a list.",[219,33133,33135,10608,33137,10608,33139],{"id":33134},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33136,17068],{},[15,33138,1844],{},[15,33140,1852],{},[20,33142,33143],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[233,33145,33146,33151,33156],{},[236,33147,33148,33150],{},[15,33149,17068],{}," returns only the values",[236,33152,33153,33155],{},[15,33154,1844],{}," returns only the keys",[236,33157,33158,33160],{},[15,33159,1852],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33162,2146],{},[41,33164,33166],{"className":43,"code":33165,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33167,33168,33204,33208,33222,33236],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33169,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33171,263],{"class":56},[50,33173,61],{"class":60},[50,33175,65],{"class":64},[50,33177,69],{"class":68},[50,33179,73],{"class":72},[50,33181,69],{"class":68},[50,33183,78],{"class":64},[50,33185,81],{"class":68},[50,33187,84],{"class":72},[50,33189,69],{"class":68},[50,33191,89],{"class":64},[50,33193,81],{"class":68},[50,33195,94],{"class":72},[50,33197,69],{"class":68},[50,33199,78],{"class":64},[50,33201,7816],{"class":101},[50,33203,105],{"class":64},[50,33205,33206],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33207,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33209,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33211,119],{"class":118},[50,33213,122],{"class":64},[50,33215,311],{"class":125},[50,33217,129],{"class":64},[50,33219,1724],{"class":125},[50,33221,1727],{"class":64},[50,33223,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,33225,119],{"class":118},[50,33227,122],{"class":64},[50,33229,311],{"class":125},[50,33231,129],{"class":64},[50,33233,5382],{"class":125},[50,33235,1727],{"class":64},[50,33237,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,33239,119],{"class":118},[50,33241,122],{"class":64},[50,33243,311],{"class":125},[50,33245,129],{"class":64},[50,33247,7836],{"class":125},[50,33249,1727],{"class":64},[20,33251,2091],{},[41,33253,33255],{"className":43,"code":33254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33256,33257,33279,33297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33258,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33260,17013],{"class":125},[50,33262,3008],{"class":64},[50,33264,1736],{"class":68},[50,33266,73],{"class":72},[50,33268,1736],{"class":68},[50,33270,89],{"class":64},[50,33272,3321],{"class":68},[50,33274,94],{"class":72},[50,33276,1736],{"class":68},[50,33278,3911],{"class":64},[50,33280,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33282,17036],{"class":125},[50,33284,3008],{"class":64},[50,33286,1736],{"class":68},[50,33288,84],{"class":72},[50,33290,1736],{"class":68},[50,33292,89],{"class":64},[50,33294,7816],{"class":101},[50,33296,3911],{"class":64},[50,33298,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33300,21706],{"class":125},[50,33302,9681],{"class":64},[50,33304,1736],{"class":68},[50,33306,73],{"class":72},[50,33308,1736],{"class":68},[50,33310,89],{"class":64},[50,33312,7816],{"class":101},[50,33314,10701],{"class":64},[20,33316,990],{},[233,33318,33319,33326,33333],{},[236,33320,33321,33325],{},[380,33322,33323],{"href":1840},[15,33324,1844],{}," when you need just the keys",[236,33327,33328,33332],{},[380,33329,33330],{"href":17065},[15,33331,17068],{}," when you need just the values",[236,33334,33335,33339],{},[380,33336,33337],{"href":1849},[15,33338,1852],{}," when you need both",[219,33341,4543],{"id":4542},[20,33343,33344,33345,129],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33346,17068],{},[811,33348,29451,33350,33352],{"id":33349},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33351,17068],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33354,33355,33357],{},[15,33356,17068],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33359,16643],{},[41,33361,33363],{"className":43,"code":33362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33364,33365,33385],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33366,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33368,8334],{"class":56},[50,33370,61],{"class":60},[50,33372,3652],{"class":64},[50,33374,3011],{"class":101},[50,33376,89],{"class":64},[50,33378,3016],{"class":101},[50,33380,89],{"class":64},[50,33382,2473],{"class":101},[50,33384,788],{"class":64},[50,33386,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33388,119],{"class":118},[50,33390,122],{"class":64},[50,33392,8365],{"class":125},[50,33394,129],{"class":64},[50,33396,5382],{"class":125},[50,33398,1727],{"class":64},[20,33400,33401,33402,33404],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33403,17068],{}," method.",[20,33406,33407],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[41,33409,33411],{"className":43,"code":33410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33412,33413],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33414,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33416,119],{"class":118},[50,33418,122],{"class":64},[50,33420,1780],{"class":1779},[50,33422,122],{"class":64},[50,33424,8365],{"class":125},[50,33426,1770],{"class":64},[20,33428,33429,33430,33432,33433,129],{},"If you get an ",[15,33431,25471],{},", see ",[380,33434,25479,33435,33437],{"href":25478},[15,33436,25482],{}," errors",[811,33439,1686,33441,33443],{"id":33440},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33442,17068],{}," returns a list",[20,33445,33446],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[41,33448,33450],{"className":43,"code":33449,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33451,33452,33488,33502,33506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33453,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33455,263],{"class":56},[50,33457,61],{"class":60},[50,33459,65],{"class":64},[50,33461,69],{"class":68},[50,33463,73],{"class":72},[50,33465,69],{"class":68},[50,33467,78],{"class":64},[50,33469,81],{"class":68},[50,33471,84],{"class":72},[50,33473,69],{"class":68},[50,33475,89],{"class":64},[50,33477,81],{"class":68},[50,33479,94],{"class":72},[50,33481,69],{"class":68},[50,33483,78],{"class":64},[50,33485,7816],{"class":101},[50,33487,105],{"class":64},[50,33489,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33491,3848],{"class":56},[50,33493,61],{"class":60},[50,33495,12915],{"class":56},[50,33497,129],{"class":64},[50,33499,5382],{"class":125},[50,33501,8671],{"class":64},[50,33503,33504],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33505,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33507,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,33509,119],{"class":118},[50,33511,122],{"class":64},[50,33513,1780],{"class":1779},[50,33515,122],{"class":64},[50,33517,5382],{"class":125},[50,33519,1770],{"class":64},[20,33521,2091],{},[41,33523,33525],{"className":43,"code":33524,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33526,33527],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33528,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33530,3315],{"class":60},[50,33532,3318],{"class":2085},[50,33534,3321],{"class":68},[50,33536,17036],{"class":72},[50,33538,1736],{"class":68},[50,33540,3328],{"class":60},[20,33542,5170,33543,33545],{},[15,33544,17036],{},", not a list.",[20,33547,33548],{},"If you need a list:",[41,33550,33552],{"className":43,"code":33551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33553,33554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33555,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33557,3848],{"class":56},[50,33559,61],{"class":60},[50,33561,22358],{"class":1779},[50,33563,122],{"class":64},[50,33565,311],{"class":125},[50,33567,129],{"class":64},[50,33569,5382],{"class":125},[50,33571,1727],{"class":64},[811,33573,33575,33576],{"id":33574},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33577,17036],{},[20,33579,33580],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[41,33582,33584],{"className":43,"code":33583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33585,33586,33622,33636,33640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33587,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33589,263],{"class":56},[50,33591,61],{"class":60},[50,33593,65],{"class":64},[50,33595,69],{"class":68},[50,33597,73],{"class":72},[50,33599,69],{"class":68},[50,33601,78],{"class":64},[50,33603,81],{"class":68},[50,33605,84],{"class":72},[50,33607,69],{"class":68},[50,33609,89],{"class":64},[50,33611,81],{"class":68},[50,33613,94],{"class":72},[50,33615,69],{"class":68},[50,33617,78],{"class":64},[50,33619,7816],{"class":101},[50,33621,105],{"class":64},[50,33623,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33625,3848],{"class":56},[50,33627,61],{"class":60},[50,33629,12915],{"class":56},[50,33631,129],{"class":64},[50,33633,5382],{"class":125},[50,33635,8671],{"class":64},[50,33637,33638],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33639,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33641,33642],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,33643,33644],{"class":146},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33646,33647],{},"Convert to a list first:",[41,33649,33651],{"className":43,"code":33650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33652,33653,33689,33707,33711],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33654,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33656,263],{"class":56},[50,33658,61],{"class":60},[50,33660,65],{"class":64},[50,33662,69],{"class":68},[50,33664,73],{"class":72},[50,33666,69],{"class":68},[50,33668,78],{"class":64},[50,33670,81],{"class":68},[50,33672,84],{"class":72},[50,33674,69],{"class":68},[50,33676,89],{"class":64},[50,33678,81],{"class":68},[50,33680,94],{"class":72},[50,33682,69],{"class":68},[50,33684,78],{"class":64},[50,33686,7816],{"class":101},[50,33688,105],{"class":64},[50,33690,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33692,3848],{"class":56},[50,33694,61],{"class":60},[50,33696,22358],{"class":1779},[50,33698,122],{"class":64},[50,33700,311],{"class":125},[50,33702,129],{"class":64},[50,33704,5382],{"class":125},[50,33706,1727],{"class":64},[50,33708,33709],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33710,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33712,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,33714,119],{"class":118},[50,33716,122],{"class":64},[50,33718,5382],{"class":125},[50,33720,779],{"class":64},[50,33722,1215],{"class":101},[50,33724,3911],{"class":64},[811,33726,8444,33728,11111,33730],{"id":33727},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33729,5382],{},[15,33731,17068],{},[20,33733,33734],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[41,33736,33738],{"className":43,"code":33737,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33739,33740,33776,33780],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33741,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772,33774],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33743,263],{"class":56},[50,33745,61],{"class":60},[50,33747,65],{"class":64},[50,33749,69],{"class":68},[50,33751,73],{"class":72},[50,33753,69],{"class":68},[50,33755,78],{"class":64},[50,33757,81],{"class":68},[50,33759,84],{"class":72},[50,33761,69],{"class":68},[50,33763,89],{"class":64},[50,33765,81],{"class":68},[50,33767,94],{"class":72},[50,33769,69],{"class":68},[50,33771,78],{"class":64},[50,33773,7816],{"class":101},[50,33775,105],{"class":64},[50,33777,33778],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33779,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33781,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33783,119],{"class":118},[50,33785,122],{"class":64},[50,33787,311],{"class":125},[50,33789,129],{"class":64},[50,33791,5382],{"class":24549},[50,33793,414],{"class":64},[20,33795,33796,33799],{},[15,33797,33798],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33801,990],{},[41,33803,33805],{"className":43,"code":33804,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33806,33807],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33808,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33810,119],{"class":118},[50,33812,122],{"class":64},[50,33814,311],{"class":125},[50,33816,129],{"class":64},[50,33818,5382],{"class":125},[50,33820,1727],{"class":64},[811,33822,33824],{"id":33823},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33826,33827],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[41,33829,33831],{"className":43,"code":33830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33832,33833,33865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33834,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33836,829],{"class":56},[50,33838,61],{"class":60},[50,33840,65],{"class":64},[50,33842,69],{"class":68},[50,33844,380],{"class":72},[50,33846,69],{"class":68},[50,33848,78],{"class":64},[50,33850,5521],{"class":101},[50,33852,89],{"class":64},[50,33854,81],{"class":68},[50,33856,4784],{"class":72},[50,33858,69],{"class":68},[50,33860,78],{"class":64},[50,33862,3016],{"class":101},[50,33864,105],{"class":64},[50,33866,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33868,119],{"class":118},[50,33870,122],{"class":64},[50,33872,776],{"class":125},[50,33874,129],{"class":64},[50,33876,5382],{"class":125},[50,33878,1727],{"class":64},[20,33880,33881],{},"Not like this:",[41,33883,33885],{"className":43,"code":33884,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33886,33887,33892,33897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33888,33889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33890,33891],{"class":146},"# Wrong examples:\n",[50,33893,33894],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33895,33896],{"class":146},"# data().values()\n",[50,33898,33899],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33900,33901],{"class":146},"# values(data)\n",[20,33903,3365],{},[41,33905,33907],{"className":43,"code":33906,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33908,33909,33923,33933,33947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33910,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33912,119],{"class":118},[50,33914,122],{"class":64},[50,33916,1780],{"class":1779},[50,33918,122],{"class":64},[50,33920,1709],{"class":125},[50,33922,1770],{"class":64},[50,33924,33925,33927,33929,33931],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33926,119],{"class":118},[50,33928,122],{"class":64},[50,33930,1709],{"class":125},[50,33932,414],{"class":64},[50,33934,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33936,119],{"class":118},[50,33938,122],{"class":64},[50,33940,1709],{"class":125},[50,33942,129],{"class":64},[50,33944,5382],{"class":125},[50,33946,1727],{"class":64},[50,33948,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,33950,119],{"class":118},[50,33952,122],{"class":64},[50,33954,8119],{"class":1779},[50,33956,122],{"class":64},[50,33958,1709],{"class":125},[50,33960,129],{"class":64},[50,33962,5382],{"class":125},[50,33964,6314],{"class":64},[219,33966,1857],{"id":1856},[811,33968,5164,33970,5167],{"id":33969},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33971,32123],{},[20,33973,17414,33974,33976],{},[15,33975,17036],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[811,33978,1861,33980,23730],{"id":33979},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33981,17068],{},[20,33983,23733,33984,23737],{},[15,33985,33986],{},"list(...)",[811,33988,25856,33990,1867],{"id":33989},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33991,32123],{},[20,33993,33994,33995,25864],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33996,5982],{},[811,33998,1861,34000,34002],{"id":33999},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34001,32123],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34004,34005],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[811,34007,34009,34010,34012,34013,1867],{"id":34008},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34011,17068],{}," different from ",[15,34014,1852],{},[20,34016,34017,34019,34020,34022],{},[15,34018,17068],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34021,1852],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[219,34024,1909],{"id":1908},[233,34026,34027,34033,34039,34043,34049,34053],{},[236,34028,34029],{},[380,34030,1920,34031,1845],{"href":1840},[15,34032,1844],{},[236,34034,34035],{},[380,34036,1920,34037,1845],{"href":1849},[15,34038,1852],{},[236,34040,34041],{},[380,34042,11262],{"href":9414},[236,34044,34045],{},[380,34046,34048],{"href":34047},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[236,34050,34051],{},[380,34052,23815],{"href":32972},[236,34054,34055],{},[380,34056,30149,34057],{"href":25478},[15,34058,34059],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1944,34061,34062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":34064},[34065,34066,34068,34069,34071,34072,34073,34074,34076,34087,34099],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":32293,"depth":108,"text":34067},"What values() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":32363,"depth":108,"text":34070},"What values() returns",{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":32842,"depth":108,"text":32843},{"id":32975,"depth":108,"text":32976},{"id":33134,"depth":108,"text":34075},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":34077},[34078,34080,34082,34084,34086],{"id":33349,"depth":115,"text":34079},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33440,"depth":115,"text":34081},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33574,"depth":115,"text":34083},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33727,"depth":115,"text":34085},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33823,"depth":115,"text":33824},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":34088},[34089,34091,34093,34095,34097],{"id":33969,"depth":115,"text":34090},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33979,"depth":115,"text":34092},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33989,"depth":115,"text":34094},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33999,"depth":115,"text":34096},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34008,"depth":115,"text":34098},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32110,"description":34100},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34106,"title":34107,"body":34108,"description":35539,"extension":1981,"meta":35540,"navigation":111,"path":35541,"seo":35542,"stem":35543,"__hash__":35544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34109,"toc":35491},[34110,34116,34121,34124,34140,34149,34151,34183,34189,34192,34287,34290,34295,34300,34303,34314,34316,34330,34336,34338,34343,34349,34352,34391,34399,34404,34407,34452,34455,34467,34473,34479,34483,34516,34519,34537,34540,34544,34583,34585,34605,34608,34620,34625,34631,34634,34689,34692,34703,34706,34717,34720,34724,34730,34732,34762,34765,34780,34783,34786,34805,34808,34824,34833,34835,34866,34872,34877,34880,34887,34918,34921,34943,34946,34949,34963,34967,34998,35013,35020,35027,35031,35039,35043,35051,35054,35103,35114,35116,35119,35125,35130,35140,35144,35147,35150,35154,35157,35159,35180,35184,35190,35201,35207,35209,35215,35239,35242,35305,35308,35336,35339,35401,35403,35408,35411,35418,35426,35433,35436,35444,35450,35452,35479,35488],[10,34111,3603,34113,3607],{"id":34112},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34114,34115],{},"dir()",[20,34117,32120,34118,34120],{},[15,34119,34115],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34122,34123],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[233,34125,34126,34129,34132,34137],{},[236,34127,34128],{},"learning Python",[236,34130,34131],{},"exploring a new object",[236,34133,34134,34135],{},"debugging an ",[15,34136,25471],{},[236,34138,34139],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34141,34142,34143,34145,34146],{},"In short, ",[15,34144,34115],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[997,34147,34148],{},"“What can I use here?”",[219,34150,2022],{"id":2021},[41,34152,34154],{"className":43,"code":34153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34155,34156,34168],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34157,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34159,7903],{"class":56},[50,34161,61],{"class":60},[50,34163,81],{"class":68},[50,34165,3870],{"class":72},[50,34167,3384],{"class":68},[50,34169,34170,34172,34174,34177,34179,34181],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34171,119],{"class":118},[50,34173,122],{"class":64},[50,34175,34176],{"class":118},"dir",[50,34178,122],{"class":64},[50,34180,73],{"class":125},[50,34182,1770],{"class":64},[20,34184,212,34185,34188],{},[15,34186,34187],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34190,34191],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[41,34193,34195],{"className":43,"code":34194,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34196,34197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34198,34199,34201,34203,34206,34208,34210,34212,34215,34217,34219,34221,34224,34226,34228,34230,34233,34235,34237,34239,34242,34244,34246,34248,34251,34253,34255,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34274,34276,34278,34280,34283,34285],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34200,779],{"class":64},[50,34202,1736],{"class":68},[50,34204,34205],{"class":72},"__add__",[50,34207,1736],{"class":68},[50,34209,89],{"class":64},[50,34211,3321],{"class":68},[50,34213,34214],{"class":72},"__class__",[50,34216,1736],{"class":68},[50,34218,89],{"class":64},[50,34220,3321],{"class":68},[50,34222,34223],{"class":72},"__contains__",[50,34225,1736],{"class":68},[50,34227,89],{"class":64},[50,34229,3321],{"class":68},[50,34231,34232],{"class":72},"__delattr__",[50,34234,1736],{"class":68},[50,34236,89],{"class":64},[50,34238,3321],{"class":68},[50,34240,34241],{"class":72},"__dir__",[50,34243,1736],{"class":68},[50,34245,89],{"class":64},[50,34247,3321],{"class":68},[50,34249,34250],{"class":72},"__doc__",[50,34252,1736],{"class":68},[50,34254,89],{"class":64},[50,34256,34258],{"class":34257},"s_hVV"," ...",[50,34260,89],{"class":64},[50,34262,3321],{"class":68},[50,34264,8668],{"class":72},[50,34266,1736],{"class":68},[50,34268,89],{"class":64},[50,34270,3321],{"class":68},[50,34272,34273],{"class":72},"split",[50,34275,1736],{"class":68},[50,34277,89],{"class":64},[50,34279,3321],{"class":68},[50,34281,34282],{"class":72},"upper",[50,34284,1736],{"class":68},[50,34286,788],{"class":64},[20,34288,34289],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[219,34291,222,34293,225],{"id":34292},"what-dir-does",[15,34294,34115],{},[20,34296,34297,34299],{},[15,34298,34115],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34301,34302],{},"It usually includes:",[233,34304,34305,34308,34311],{},[236,34306,34307],{},"attributes",[236,34309,34310],{},"methods",[236,34312,34313],{},"special Python names",[20,34315,11473],{},[233,34317,34318,34324,34327],{},[236,34319,34320,34321],{},"The result is a ",[997,34322,34323],{},"list of strings",[236,34325,34326],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[236,34328,34329],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34331,34332,34333,34335],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34334,34115],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[219,34337,387],{"id":386},[20,34339,34340,34342],{},[15,34341,34115],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[811,34344,34346,34348],{"id":34345},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34347,34115],{}," with no argument",[20,34350,34351],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[41,34353,34355],{"className":43,"code":34354,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34356,34357,34365,34377,34381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34358,34359,34361,34363],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34360,3049],{"class":56},[50,34362,61],{"class":60},[50,34364,2610],{"class":101},[50,34366,34367,34369,34371,34373,34375],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34368,7903],{"class":56},[50,34370,61],{"class":60},[50,34372,81],{"class":68},[50,34374,7702],{"class":72},[50,34376,3384],{"class":68},[50,34378,34379],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,34380,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34382,34383,34385,34387,34389],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,34384,119],{"class":118},[50,34386,122],{"class":64},[50,34388,34176],{"class":118},[50,34390,1727],{"class":64},[20,34392,34393,34394,1846,34396,34398],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34395,2194],{},[15,34397,73],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[811,34400,34402],{"id":34401},"dirobject",[15,34403,34187],{},[20,34405,34406],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[41,34408,34410],{"className":43,"code":34409,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34411,34412,34430],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34413,34414,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426,34428],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34415,119],{"class":118},[50,34417,122],{"class":64},[50,34419,34176],{"class":118},[50,34421,122],{"class":64},[50,34423,69],{"class":68},[50,34425,3870],{"class":72},[50,34427,69],{"class":68},[50,34429,1770],{"class":64},[50,34431,34432,34434,34436,34438,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448,34450],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34433,119],{"class":118},[50,34435,122],{"class":64},[50,34437,34176],{"class":118},[50,34439,3008],{"class":64},[50,34441,3011],{"class":101},[50,34443,89],{"class":64},[50,34445,3016],{"class":101},[50,34447,89],{"class":64},[50,34449,2473],{"class":101},[50,34451,3023],{"class":64},[20,34453,34454],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[233,34456,34457,34459,34461,34464],{},[236,34458,5332],{},[236,34460,5323],{},[236,34462,34463],{},"modules",[236,34465,34466],{},"custom objects",[219,34468,8444,34470,34472],{"id":34469},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34471,34115],{}," with a value",[20,34474,34475,34476,34478],{},"A common use of ",[15,34477,34115],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[811,34480,34482],{"id":34481},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[41,34484,34486],{"className":43,"code":34485,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34487,34488,34501],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34489,34490,34493,34495,34497,34499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34491,34492],{"class":56},"text ",[50,34494,61],{"class":60},[50,34496,81],{"class":68},[50,34498,3870],{"class":72},[50,34500,3384],{"class":68},[50,34502,34503,34505,34507,34509,34511,34514],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34504,119],{"class":118},[50,34506,122],{"class":64},[50,34508,34176],{"class":118},[50,34510,122],{"class":64},[50,34512,34513],{"class":125},"text",[50,34515,1770],{"class":64},[20,34517,34518],{},"You will see method names like:",[233,34520,34521,34525,34529,34533],{},[236,34522,34523],{},[15,34524,8668],{},[236,34526,34527],{},[15,34528,34282],{},[236,34530,34531],{},[15,34532,34273],{},[236,34534,34535],{},[15,34536,8662],{},[20,34538,34539],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[811,34541,34543],{"id":34542},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[41,34545,34547],{"className":43,"code":34546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34548,34549,34569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34550,34551,34553,34555,34557,34559,34561,34563,34565,34567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34552,3647],{"class":56},[50,34554,61],{"class":60},[50,34556,3652],{"class":64},[50,34558,3011],{"class":101},[50,34560,89],{"class":64},[50,34562,3016],{"class":101},[50,34564,89],{"class":64},[50,34566,2473],{"class":101},[50,34568,788],{"class":64},[50,34570,34571,34573,34575,34577,34579,34581],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34572,119],{"class":118},[50,34574,122],{"class":64},[50,34576,34176],{"class":118},[50,34578,122],{"class":64},[50,34580,3678],{"class":125},[50,34582,1770],{"class":64},[20,34584,34518],{},[233,34586,34587,34591,34595,34600],{},[236,34588,34589],{},[15,34590,13561],{},[236,34592,34593],{},[15,34594,26041],{},[236,34596,34597],{},[15,34598,34599],{},"remove",[236,34601,34602],{},[15,34603,34604],{},"sort",[20,34606,34607],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34609,34610,34611,34616,34617,34619],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[380,34612,34614],{"href":34613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34615,2323],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34618,34115],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[219,34621,8444,34623,34348],{"id":34622},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34624,34115],{},[20,34626,34627,34628,34630],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34629,34115],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34632,34633],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[41,34635,34637],{"className":43,"code":34636,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34638,34639,34648,34652,34663,34675,34679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34640,34641,34643,34645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34642,3049],{"class":56},[50,34644,61],{"class":60},[50,34646,34647],{"class":101}," 5\n",[50,34649,34650],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34651,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34653,34654,34657,34661],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,34655,34656],{"class":2085},"def",[50,34658,34660],{"class":34659},"sGLFI"," greet",[50,34662,21393],{"class":64},[50,34664,34665,34668,34670,34673],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,34666,34667],{"class":1622},"    return",[50,34669,81],{"class":68},[50,34671,34672],{"class":72},"Hello",[50,34674,3384],{"class":68},[50,34676,34677],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,34678,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34680,34681,34683,34685,34687],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,34682,119],{"class":118},[50,34684,122],{"class":64},[50,34686,34176],{"class":118},[50,34688,1727],{"class":64},[20,34690,34691],{},"The output will include names like:",[233,34693,34694,34698],{},[236,34695,34696],{},[15,34697,2194],{},[236,34699,34700],{},[15,34701,34702],{},"greet",[20,34704,34705],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[233,34707,34708,34711,34714],{},[236,34709,34710],{},"what variables exist",[236,34712,34713],{},"what functions you have defined",[236,34715,34716],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34718,34719],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[219,34721,34723],{"id":34722},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34725,34726,34727,34729],{},"When you first use ",[15,34728,34115],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34731,253],{},[41,34733,34734],{"className":43,"code":34485,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,34735,34736,34748],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34737,34738,34740,34742,34744,34746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34739,34492],{"class":56},[50,34741,61],{"class":60},[50,34743,81],{"class":68},[50,34745,3870],{"class":72},[50,34747,3384],{"class":68},[50,34749,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758,34760],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34751,119],{"class":118},[50,34753,122],{"class":64},[50,34755,34176],{"class":118},[50,34757,122],{"class":64},[50,34759,34513],{"class":125},[50,34761,1770],{"class":64},[20,34763,34764],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[233,34766,34767,34771,34775],{},[236,34768,34769],{},[15,34770,34214],{},[236,34772,34773],{},[15,34774,34250],{},[236,34776,34777],{},[15,34778,34779],{},"__len__",[20,34781,34782],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34784,34785],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[233,34787,34788,34792,34796,34800],{},[236,34789,34790],{},[15,34791,34282],{},[236,34793,34794],{},[15,34795,8668],{},[236,34797,34798],{},[15,34799,34273],{},[236,34801,34802],{},[15,34803,34804],{},"replace",[20,34806,34807],{},"A key point to remember:",[233,34809,34810,34818],{},[236,34811,34812,34814,34815],{},[15,34813,34115],{}," lists ",[997,34816,34817],{},"names only",[236,34819,34820,34821,34823],{},"it does ",[997,34822,1262],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34825,34826,34827,129],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[380,34828,34830],{"href":34829},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34831,34832],{},"help()",[20,34834,5495],{},[41,34836,34838],{"className":43,"code":34837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34839,34840,34852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34841,34842,34844,34846,34848,34850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34843,7903],{"class":56},[50,34845,61],{"class":60},[50,34847,81],{"class":68},[50,34849,3870],{"class":72},[50,34851,3384],{"class":68},[50,34853,34854,34856,34858,34860,34862,34864],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34855,31955],{"class":118},[50,34857,122],{"class":64},[50,34859,73],{"class":125},[50,34861,129],{"class":64},[50,34863,34282],{"class":24549},[50,34865,414],{"class":64},[219,34867,34869,34871],{"id":34868},"dir-on-modules",[15,34870,34115],{}," on modules",[20,34873,15715,34874,34876],{},[15,34875,34115],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34878,34879],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[811,34881,34883,34884,34886],{"id":34882},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34885,1137],{}," module",[41,34888,34890],{"className":43,"code":34889,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34891,34892,34900,34904],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34893,34894,34897],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34895,34896],{"class":1622},"import",[50,34898,34899],{"class":56}," math\n",[50,34901,34902],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34903,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34905,34906,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,34907,119],{"class":118},[50,34909,122],{"class":64},[50,34911,34176],{"class":118},[50,34913,122],{"class":64},[50,34915,1137],{"class":125},[50,34917,1770],{"class":64},[20,34919,34920],{},"You may see names like:",[233,34922,34923,34928,34933,34938],{},[236,34924,34925],{},[15,34926,34927],{},"sqrt",[236,34929,34930],{},[15,34931,34932],{},"ceil",[236,34934,34935],{},[15,34936,34937],{},"floor",[236,34939,34940],{},[15,34941,34942],{},"pi",[20,34944,34945],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34947,34948],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[233,34950,34951,34957],{},[236,34952,34953],{},[380,34954,34956],{"href":34955},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[236,34958,34959],{},[380,34960,34962],{"href":34961},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[811,34964,34966],{"id":34965},"another-example","Another example",[41,34968,34970],{"className":43,"code":34969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34971,34972,34979,34983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34973,34974,34976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34975,34896],{"class":1622},[50,34977,34978],{"class":56}," json\n",[50,34980,34981],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34982,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34984,34985,34987,34989,34991,34993,34996],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,34986,119],{"class":118},[50,34988,122],{"class":64},[50,34990,34176],{"class":118},[50,34992,122],{"class":64},[50,34994,34995],{"class":125},"json",[50,34997,1770],{"class":64},[20,34999,35000,35001,32,35004,32,35007,17069,35010,129],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35002,35003],{},"dump",[15,35005,35006],{},"dumps",[15,35008,35009],{},"load",[15,35011,35012],{},"loads",[219,35014,35016,10608,35018],{"id":35015},"dir-vs-help",[15,35017,34115],{},[15,35019,34832],{},[20,35021,35022,1846,35024,35026],{},[15,35023,34115],{},[15,35025,34832],{}," are often used together.",[811,35028,35029],{"id":34176},[15,35030,34115],{},[233,35032,35033,35036],{},[236,35034,35035],{},"shows available names",[236,35037,35038],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[811,35040,35041],{"id":31955},[15,35042,34832],{},[233,35044,35045,35048],{},[236,35046,35047],{},"explains what an object or function does",[236,35049,35050],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35052,35053],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[41,35055,35057],{"className":43,"code":35056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35058,35059,35071,35075,35089],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35060,35061,35063,35065,35067,35069],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35062,7903],{"class":56},[50,35064,61],{"class":60},[50,35066,81],{"class":68},[50,35068,3870],{"class":72},[50,35070,3384],{"class":68},[50,35072,35073],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35074,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35076,35077,35079,35081,35083,35085,35087],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35078,119],{"class":118},[50,35080,122],{"class":64},[50,35082,34176],{"class":118},[50,35084,122],{"class":64},[50,35086,73],{"class":125},[50,35088,1770],{"class":64},[50,35090,35091,35093,35095,35097,35099,35101],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,35092,31955],{"class":118},[50,35094,122],{"class":64},[50,35096,73],{"class":125},[50,35098,129],{"class":64},[50,35100,34282],{"class":24549},[50,35102,414],{"class":64},[20,35104,212,35105,35107,35108,35110,35111,35113],{},[15,35106,34115],{}," first to find a method name.",[9870,35109],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35112,34832],{}," to understand how to use it.",[219,35115,25157],{"id":25156},[20,35117,35118],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[811,35120,35122,35124],{"id":35121},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35123,34115],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35126,35127,35129],{},[15,35128,34115],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35131,35132,35133,35135,35136,35139],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35134,34282],{}," in ",[15,35137,35138],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[811,35141,35143],{"id":35142},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35145,35146],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35148,35149],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[811,35151,35153],{"id":35152},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35155,35156],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35158,5495],{},[233,35160,35161,35166,35172],{},[236,35162,35163,35165],{},[15,35164,35138],{}," shows string-related names",[236,35167,35168,35171],{},[15,35169,35170],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[236,35173,35174,35177,35178,34886],{},[15,35175,35176],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35179,1137],{},[811,35181,35183],{"id":35182},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35185,35186,35187,35189],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35188,34115],{}," does not mean you already know:",[233,35191,35192,35195,35198],{},[236,35193,35194],{},"what it does",[236,35196,35197],{},"what arguments it needs",[236,35199,35200],{},"what it returns",[20,35202,35203,35204,35206],{},"That is why ",[15,35205,34832],{}," is the natural next step.",[219,35208,1663],{"id":1662},[20,35210,35211,35212,35214],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35213,34115],{}," in these situations:",[233,35216,35217,35220,35229,35232],{},[236,35218,35219],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[236,35221,35222,35223,35228],{},"Seeing an ",[380,35224,35226],{"href":35225},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35227,25471],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[236,35230,35231],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[236,35233,8444,35234,35236,35237],{},[15,35235,34115],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35238,34832],{},[20,35240,35241],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[41,35243,35245],{"className":43,"code":35244,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35246,35247,35259,35263,35277,35291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35248,35249,35251,35253,35255,35257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35250,7903],{"class":56},[50,35252,61],{"class":60},[50,35254,81],{"class":68},[50,35256,3870],{"class":72},[50,35258,3384],{"class":68},[50,35260,35261],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35262,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35264,35265,35267,35269,35271,35273,35275],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35266,119],{"class":118},[50,35268,122],{"class":64},[50,35270,1780],{"class":1779},[50,35272,122],{"class":64},[50,35274,73],{"class":125},[50,35276,1770],{"class":64},[50,35278,35279,35281,35283,35285,35287,35289],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,35280,119],{"class":118},[50,35282,122],{"class":64},[50,35284,34176],{"class":118},[50,35286,122],{"class":64},[50,35288,73],{"class":125},[50,35290,1770],{"class":64},[50,35292,35293,35295,35297,35299,35301,35303],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,35294,31955],{"class":118},[50,35296,122],{"class":64},[50,35298,73],{"class":125},[50,35300,129],{"class":64},[50,35302,34282],{"class":24549},[50,35304,414],{"class":64},[20,35306,35307],{},"And for modules:",[41,35309,35310],{"className":43,"code":34889,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,35311,35312,35318,35322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35313,35314,35316],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35315,34896],{"class":1622},[50,35317,34899],{"class":56},[50,35319,35320],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35321,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35323,35324,35326,35328,35330,35332,35334],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35325,119],{"class":118},[50,35327,122],{"class":64},[50,35329,34176],{"class":118},[50,35331,122],{"class":64},[50,35333,1137],{"class":125},[50,35335,1770],{"class":64},[20,35337,35338],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[41,35340,35342],{"className":43,"code":35341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35343,35344,35349,35361,35371,35385,35391],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35345,35346],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35347,35348],{"class":56},"python\n",[50,35350,35351,35353,35355,35357,35359],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35352,7903],{"class":56},[50,35354,61],{"class":60},[50,35356,81],{"class":68},[50,35358,3870],{"class":72},[50,35360,3384],{"class":68},[50,35362,35363,35365,35367,35369],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35364,34176],{"class":118},[50,35366,122],{"class":64},[50,35368,73],{"class":125},[50,35370,414],{"class":64},[50,35372,35373,35375,35377,35379,35381,35383],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,35374,31955],{"class":118},[50,35376,122],{"class":64},[50,35378,73],{"class":125},[50,35380,129],{"class":64},[50,35382,34282],{"class":24549},[50,35384,414],{"class":64},[50,35386,35387,35389],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,35388,34896],{"class":1622},[50,35390,34899],{"class":56},[50,35392,35393,35395,35397,35399],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,35394,34176],{"class":118},[50,35396,122],{"class":64},[50,35398,1137],{"class":125},[50,35400,414],{"class":64},[219,35402,1857],{"id":1856},[811,35404,5164,35406,5167],{"id":35405},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35407,34115],{},[20,35409,35410],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[811,35412,5202,35414,1846,35416,1867],{"id":35413},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35415,34115],{},[15,35417,34832],{},[20,35419,35420,35422,35423,35425],{},[15,35421,34115],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35424,34832],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[811,35427,35429,35430,35432],{"id":35428},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35431,34115],{}," output?",[20,35434,35435],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[811,35437,5192,35439,35441,35442,1867],{"id":35438},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35440,34115],{}," help fix ",[15,35443,25471],{},[20,35445,35446,35447,129],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[380,35448,35449],{"href":35225},"object has no attribute",[219,35451,1909],{"id":1908},[233,35453,35454,35460,35465,35469,35473],{},[236,35455,35456],{},[380,35457,3603,35458,3536],{"href":34829},[15,35459,34832],{},[236,35461,35462],{},[380,35463,35464],{"href":35225},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[236,35466,35467],{},[380,35468,34956],{"href":34955},[236,35470,35471],{},[380,35472,34962],{"href":34961},[236,35474,35475],{},[380,35476,3603,35477,3536],{"href":34613},[15,35478,2323],{},[20,35480,35481,35482,35484,35485,35487],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35483,34115],{}," together with ",[15,35486,34832],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1944,35489,35490],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":35492},[35493,35494,35496,35501,35506,35508,35509,35515,35520,35527,35528,35538],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":34292,"depth":108,"text":35495},"What dir() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":35497},[35498,35500],{"id":34345,"depth":115,"text":35499},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34401,"depth":115,"text":34187},{"id":34469,"depth":108,"text":35502,"children":35503},"Using dir() with a value",[35504,35505],{"id":34481,"depth":115,"text":34482},{"id":34542,"depth":115,"text":34543},{"id":34622,"depth":108,"text":35507},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34722,"depth":108,"text":34723},{"id":34868,"depth":108,"text":35510,"children":35511},"dir() on modules",[35512,35514],{"id":34882,"depth":115,"text":35513},"Example: math module",{"id":34965,"depth":115,"text":34966},{"id":35015,"depth":108,"text":35516,"children":35517},"dir() vs help()",[35518,35519],{"id":34176,"depth":115,"text":34115},{"id":31955,"depth":115,"text":34832},{"id":25156,"depth":108,"text":25157,"children":35521},[35522,35524,35525,35526],{"id":35121,"depth":115,"text":35523},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35142,"depth":115,"text":35143},{"id":35152,"depth":115,"text":35153},{"id":35182,"depth":115,"text":35183},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":35529},[35530,35532,35534,35536],{"id":35405,"depth":115,"text":35531},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35413,"depth":115,"text":35533},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35428,"depth":115,"text":35535},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35438,"depth":115,"text":35537},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34107,"description":35539},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35546,"title":35547,"body":35548,"description":37368,"extension":1981,"meta":37369,"navigation":111,"path":37370,"seo":37371,"stem":37372,"__hash__":37373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35549,"toc":37337},[35550,35556,35561,35564,35572,35578,35580,35660,35662,35688,35693,35698,35703,35706,35717,35720,35722,35801,35803,35829,35836,35838,35840,35865,35868,35881,35886,35888,35969,35971,35997,36006,36011,36019,36025,36032,36035,36037,36116,36119,36176,36178,36215,36221,36226,36231,36234,36248,36250,36353,36355,36398,36407,36417,36424,36430,36437,36520,36522,36545,36548,36551,36553,36557,36561,36564,36627,36650,36653,36657,36663,36665,36732,36735,36812,36817,36823,36826,36829,36875,36877,36901,36906,36910,36915,36921,36984,36987,36989,36992,37017,37020,37155,37157,37258,37260,37265,37268,37274,37284,37292,37297,37303,37309,37311,37334],[10,35551,3603,35553,3607],{"id":35552},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35554,35555],{},"enumerate()",[20,35557,35558,35560],{},[15,35559,35555],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35562,35563],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[233,35565,35566,35569],{},[236,35567,35568],{},"the item itself",[236,35570,35571],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35573,35574,35575,35577],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35576,35555],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[219,35579,2022],{"id":2021},[41,35581,35583],{"className":43,"code":35582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35584,35585,35617,35621,35644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35586,35587,35589,35591,35593,35595,35597,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35588,13084],{"class":56},[50,35590,61],{"class":60},[50,35592,3652],{"class":64},[50,35594,69],{"class":68},[50,35596,13101],{"class":72},[50,35598,69],{"class":68},[50,35600,89],{"class":64},[50,35602,81],{"class":68},[50,35604,17448],{"class":72},[50,35606,69],{"class":68},[50,35608,89],{"class":64},[50,35610,81],{"class":68},[50,35612,13118],{"class":72},[50,35614,69],{"class":68},[50,35616,788],{"class":64},[50,35618,35619],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35620,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35622,35623,35625,35628,35630,35633,35635,35638,35640,35642],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35624,5982],{"class":1622},[50,35626,35627],{"class":56}," index",[50,35629,89],{"class":64},[50,35631,35632],{"class":56}," color ",[50,35634,1562],{"class":1622},[50,35636,35637],{"class":118}," enumerate",[50,35639,122],{"class":64},[50,35641,17495],{"class":125},[50,35643,8368],{"class":64},[50,35645,35646,35648,35650,35653,35655,35658],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,35647,8094],{"class":118},[50,35649,122],{"class":64},[50,35651,35652],{"class":125},"index",[50,35654,89],{"class":64},[50,35656,35657],{"class":125}," color",[50,35659,414],{"class":64},[20,35661,2091],{},[41,35663,35665],{"className":43,"code":35664,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35666,35667,35674,35681],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35668,35669,35671],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35670,1215],{"class":101},[50,35672,35673],{"class":56}," red\n",[50,35675,35676,35678],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35677,3011],{"class":101},[50,35679,35680],{"class":56}," green\n",[50,35682,35683,35685],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35684,2076],{"class":101},[50,35686,35687],{"class":56}," blue\n",[20,35689,212,35690,35692],{},[15,35691,35555],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[219,35694,222,35696,225],{"id":35695},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35697,35555],{},[20,35699,35700,35702],{},[15,35701,35555],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35704,35705],{},"It is commonly used with:",[233,35707,35708,35710,35712,35714],{},[236,35709,5323],{},[236,35711,5326],{},[236,35713,5332],{},[236,35715,35716],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35718,35719],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35721,253],{},[41,35723,35725],{"className":43,"code":35724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35726,35727,35761,35765,35786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35728,35729,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35748,35750,35752,35754,35757,35759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35730,5018],{"class":56},[50,35732,61],{"class":60},[50,35734,3652],{"class":64},[50,35736,69],{"class":68},[50,35738,84],{"class":72},[50,35740,69],{"class":68},[50,35742,89],{"class":64},[50,35744,81],{"class":68},[50,35746,35747],{"class":72},"Ben",[50,35749,69],{"class":68},[50,35751,89],{"class":64},[50,35753,81],{"class":68},[50,35755,35756],{"class":72},"Cara",[50,35758,69],{"class":68},[50,35760,788],{"class":64},[50,35762,35763],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35764,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35766,35767,35769,35771,35773,35776,35778,35780,35782,35784],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35768,5982],{"class":1622},[50,35770,35627],{"class":56},[50,35772,89],{"class":64},[50,35774,35775],{"class":56}," name ",[50,35777,1562],{"class":1622},[50,35779,35637],{"class":118},[50,35781,122],{"class":64},[50,35783,5062],{"class":125},[50,35785,8368],{"class":64},[50,35787,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796,35799],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,35789,8094],{"class":118},[50,35791,122],{"class":64},[50,35793,35652],{"class":125},[50,35795,89],{"class":64},[50,35797,35798],{"class":125}," name",[50,35800,414],{"class":64},[20,35802,2091],{},[41,35804,35806],{"className":43,"code":35805,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35807,35808,35815,35822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35809,35810,35812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35811,1215],{"class":101},[50,35813,35814],{"class":56}," Ana\n",[50,35816,35817,35819],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35818,3011],{"class":101},[50,35820,35821],{"class":56}," Ben\n",[50,35823,35824,35826],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35825,2076],{"class":101},[50,35827,35828],{"class":56}," Cara\n",[20,35830,35831,35832,129],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[380,35833,35835],{"href":35834},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[219,35837,387],{"id":386},[20,35839,2180],{},[41,35841,35843],{"className":43,"code":35842,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35844,35845],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35846,35847,35850,35852,35854,35856,35859,35861,35863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35848,35849],{"class":118},"enumerate",[50,35851,122],{"class":64},[50,35853,3748],{"class":125},[50,35855,89],{"class":64},[50,35857,35858],{"class":9202}," start",[50,35860,61],{"class":60},[50,35862,1215],{"class":101},[50,35864,414],{"class":64},[20,35866,35867],{},"It has two parts:",[233,35869,35870,35875],{},[236,35871,35872,35874],{},[15,35873,3748],{},": the object you want to loop through",[236,35876,35877,35880],{},[15,35878,35879],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35882,35883,35884,129],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35885,1215],{},[20,35887,253],{},[41,35889,35891],{"className":43,"code":35890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35892,35893,35926,35930,35953],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35894,35895,35898,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35896,35897],{"class":56},"letters ",[50,35899,61],{"class":60},[50,35901,3652],{"class":64},[50,35903,69],{"class":68},[50,35905,380],{"class":72},[50,35907,69],{"class":68},[50,35909,89],{"class":64},[50,35911,81],{"class":68},[50,35913,4784],{"class":72},[50,35915,69],{"class":68},[50,35917,89],{"class":64},[50,35919,81],{"class":68},[50,35921,9763],{"class":72},[50,35923,69],{"class":68},[50,35925,788],{"class":64},[50,35927,35928],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35929,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35931,35932,35934,35937,35939,35942,35944,35946,35948,35951],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35933,5982],{"class":1622},[50,35935,35936],{"class":56}," i",[50,35938,89],{"class":64},[50,35940,35941],{"class":56}," letter ",[50,35943,1562],{"class":1622},[50,35945,35637],{"class":118},[50,35947,122],{"class":64},[50,35949,35950],{"class":125},"letters",[50,35952,8368],{"class":64},[50,35954,35955,35957,35959,35962,35964,35967],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,35956,8094],{"class":118},[50,35958,122],{"class":64},[50,35960,35961],{"class":125},"i",[50,35963,89],{"class":64},[50,35965,35966],{"class":125}," letter",[50,35968,414],{"class":64},[20,35970,2091],{},[41,35972,35974],{"className":43,"code":35973,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35975,35976,35983,35990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35977,35978,35980],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35979,1215],{"class":101},[50,35981,35982],{"class":56}," a\n",[50,35984,35985,35987],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35986,3011],{"class":101},[50,35988,35989],{"class":56}," b\n",[50,35991,35992,35994],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35993,2076],{"class":101},[50,35995,35996],{"class":56}," c\n",[20,35998,35999,36000,129],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[380,36001,3603,36003,3536],{"href":36002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36004,36005],{},"range()",[219,36007,222,36009,11719],{"id":36008},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36010,35555],{},[20,36012,36013,36015,36016,129],{},[15,36014,35555],{}," returns an ",[997,36017,36018],{},"enumerate object",[20,36020,36021,36022,36024],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36023,5982],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[233,36026,36027],{},[236,36028,36029],{},[15,36030,36031],{},"(index, item)",[20,36033,36034],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36036,253],{},[41,36038,36040],{"className":43,"code":36039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36041,36042,36075,36079,36101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36043,36044,36047,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36045,36046],{"class":56},"fruits ",[50,36048,61],{"class":60},[50,36050,3652],{"class":64},[50,36052,69],{"class":68},[50,36054,4102],{"class":72},[50,36056,69],{"class":68},[50,36058,89],{"class":64},[50,36060,81],{"class":68},[50,36062,4111],{"class":72},[50,36064,69],{"class":68},[50,36066,89],{"class":64},[50,36068,81],{"class":68},[50,36070,33024],{"class":72},[50,36072,69],{"class":68},[50,36074,788],{"class":64},[50,36076,36077],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36078,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36080,36081,36083,36085,36087,36090,36092,36094,36096,36099],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36082,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36084,35627],{"class":56},[50,36086,89],{"class":64},[50,36088,36089],{"class":56}," fruit ",[50,36091,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36093,35637],{"class":118},[50,36095,122],{"class":64},[50,36097,36098],{"class":125},"fruits",[50,36100,8368],{"class":64},[50,36102,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36114],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36104,8094],{"class":118},[50,36106,122],{"class":64},[50,36108,35652],{"class":125},[50,36110,89],{"class":64},[50,36112,36113],{"class":125}," fruit",[50,36115,414],{"class":64},[20,36117,36118],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[41,36120,36122],{"className":43,"code":36121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36123,36124,36144,36148,36166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36125,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36127,3647],{"class":56},[50,36129,61],{"class":60},[50,36131,3652],{"class":64},[50,36133,2352],{"class":101},[50,36135,89],{"class":64},[50,36137,7816],{"class":101},[50,36139,89],{"class":64},[50,36141,7821],{"class":101},[50,36143,788],{"class":64},[50,36145,36146],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36147,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36149,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36151,2250],{"class":56},[50,36153,61],{"class":60},[50,36155,22358],{"class":1779},[50,36157,122],{"class":64},[50,36159,35849],{"class":118},[50,36161,122],{"class":64},[50,36163,3678],{"class":125},[50,36165,1770],{"class":64},[50,36167,36168,36170,36172,36174],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36169,119],{"class":118},[50,36171,122],{"class":64},[50,36173,2285],{"class":125},[50,36175,414],{"class":64},[20,36177,2091],{},[41,36179,36181],{"className":43,"code":36180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36182,36183],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36184,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209,36211,36213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36186,21538],{"class":64},[50,36188,1215],{"class":101},[50,36190,89],{"class":64},[50,36192,1144],{"class":101},[50,36194,9259],{"class":64},[50,36196,9262],{"class":64},[50,36198,3011],{"class":101},[50,36200,89],{"class":64},[50,36202,7816],{"class":101},[50,36204,9259],{"class":64},[50,36206,9262],{"class":64},[50,36208,2076],{"class":101},[50,36210,89],{"class":64},[50,36212,7821],{"class":101},[50,36214,9275],{"class":64},[20,36216,36217,36218,36220],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36219,35555],{}," produces.",[219,36222,582,36224],{"id":36223},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36225,35555],{},[20,36227,212,36228,36230],{},[15,36229,35555],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36232,36233],{},"Common cases:",[233,36235,36236,36239,36242,36245],{},[236,36237,36238],{},"printing numbered output",[236,36240,36241],{},"building menus",[236,36243,36244],{},"showing positions in a list",[236,36246,36247],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36249,253],{},[41,36251,36253],{"className":43,"code":36252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36254,36255,36290,36294,36324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36256,36257,36259,36261,36263,36265,36268,36270,36272,36274,36277,36279,36281,36283,36286,36288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36258,29699],{"class":56},[50,36260,61],{"class":60},[50,36262,3652],{"class":64},[50,36264,69],{"class":68},[50,36266,36267],{"class":72},"Wash dishes",[50,36269,69],{"class":68},[50,36271,89],{"class":64},[50,36273,81],{"class":68},[50,36275,36276],{"class":72},"Study Python",[50,36278,69],{"class":68},[50,36280,89],{"class":64},[50,36282,81],{"class":68},[50,36284,36285],{"class":72},"Go for a walk",[50,36287,69],{"class":68},[50,36289,788],{"class":64},[50,36291,36292],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36293,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36295,36296,36298,36300,36302,36305,36307,36309,36311,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36297,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36299,2217],{"class":56},[50,36301,89],{"class":64},[50,36303,36304],{"class":56}," task ",[50,36306,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36308,35637],{"class":118},[50,36310,122],{"class":64},[50,36312,36313],{"class":125},"tasks",[50,36315,89],{"class":64},[50,36317,35858],{"class":9202},[50,36319,61],{"class":60},[50,36321,3011],{"class":101},[50,36323,8368],{"class":64},[50,36325,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338,36340,36342,36344,36347,36349,36351],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36327,8094],{"class":118},[50,36329,122],{"class":64},[50,36331,22092],{"class":2085},[50,36333,69],{"class":72},[50,36335,9304],{"class":101},[50,36337,2260],{"class":125},[50,36339,22101],{"class":101},[50,36341,28114],{"class":72},[50,36343,9304],{"class":101},[50,36345,36346],{"class":125},"task",[50,36348,22101],{"class":101},[50,36350,69],{"class":72},[50,36352,414],{"class":64},[20,36354,2091],{},[41,36356,36358],{"className":43,"code":36357,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36359,36360,36372,36384],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36361,36362,36364,36366,36369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36363,3011],{"class":101},[50,36365,129],{"class":64},[50,36367,36368],{"class":24549}," Wash",[50,36370,36371],{"class":56}," dishes\n",[50,36373,36374,36376,36378,36381],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36375,2076],{"class":101},[50,36377,129],{"class":64},[50,36379,36380],{"class":24549}," Study",[50,36382,36383],{"class":56}," Python\n",[50,36385,36386,36388,36390,36393,36395],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36387,2082],{"class":101},[50,36389,129],{"class":64},[50,36391,36392],{"class":24549}," Go",[50,36394,3900],{"class":1622},[50,36396,36397],{"class":56}," a walk\n",[20,36399,36400,36401,36403,36404,129],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36402,35555],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36405,36406],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36408,36409,36410,129],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[380,36411,36413,36414,36416],{"href":36412},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36415,35555],{}," in Python",[219,36418,36420,36421,36423],{"id":36419},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36422,35879],{}," argument",[20,36425,36426,36427,36429],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36428,35879],{}," argument.",[20,36431,36432,36433,11111,36435,78],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36434,3011],{},[15,36436,1215],{},[41,36438,36440],{"className":43,"code":36439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36441,36442,36474,36478,36506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36443,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36445,13084],{"class":56},[50,36447,61],{"class":60},[50,36449,3652],{"class":64},[50,36451,69],{"class":68},[50,36453,13101],{"class":72},[50,36455,69],{"class":68},[50,36457,89],{"class":64},[50,36459,81],{"class":68},[50,36461,17448],{"class":72},[50,36463,69],{"class":68},[50,36465,89],{"class":64},[50,36467,81],{"class":68},[50,36469,13118],{"class":72},[50,36471,69],{"class":68},[50,36473,788],{"class":64},[50,36475,36476],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36477,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36479,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36481,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36483,35627],{"class":56},[50,36485,89],{"class":64},[50,36487,35632],{"class":56},[50,36489,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36491,35637],{"class":118},[50,36493,122],{"class":64},[50,36495,17495],{"class":125},[50,36497,89],{"class":64},[50,36499,35858],{"class":9202},[50,36501,61],{"class":60},[50,36503,3011],{"class":101},[50,36505,8368],{"class":64},[50,36507,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36509,8094],{"class":118},[50,36511,122],{"class":64},[50,36513,35652],{"class":125},[50,36515,89],{"class":64},[50,36517,35657],{"class":125},[50,36519,414],{"class":64},[20,36521,2091],{},[41,36523,36525],{"className":43,"code":36524,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36526,36527,36533,36539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36528,36529,36531],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36530,3011],{"class":101},[50,36532,35673],{"class":56},[50,36534,36535,36537],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36536,2076],{"class":101},[50,36538,35680],{"class":56},[50,36540,36541,36543],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36542,2082],{"class":101},[50,36544,35687],{"class":56},[20,36546,36547],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36549,36550],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[219,36552,25157],{"id":25156},[20,36554,25160,36555,129],{},[15,36556,35555],{},[811,36558,36560],{"id":36559},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36562,36563],{},"In this loop:",[41,36565,36567],{"className":43,"code":36566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36568,36569,36589,36593,36613],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36570,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36572,3647],{"class":56},[50,36574,61],{"class":60},[50,36576,3652],{"class":64},[50,36578,2352],{"class":101},[50,36580,89],{"class":64},[50,36582,7816],{"class":101},[50,36584,89],{"class":64},[50,36586,7821],{"class":101},[50,36588,788],{"class":64},[50,36590,36591],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36592,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36594,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36596,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36598,35627],{"class":56},[50,36600,89],{"class":64},[50,36602,21382],{"class":56},[50,36604,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36606,35637],{"class":118},[50,36608,122],{"class":64},[50,36610,3678],{"class":125},[50,36612,8368],{"class":64},[50,36614,36615,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36616,8094],{"class":118},[50,36618,122],{"class":64},[50,36620,35652],{"class":125},[50,36622,89],{"class":64},[50,36624,8460],{"class":125},[50,36626,414],{"class":64},[233,36628,36629,36639],{},[236,36630,36631,4807,36633,32,36635,32,36637],{},[15,36632,35652],{},[15,36634,1215],{},[15,36636,3011],{},[15,36638,2076],{},[236,36640,36641,4807,36643,32,36645,32,36647],{},[15,36642,2495],{},[15,36644,2352],{},[15,36646,15755],{},[15,36648,36649],{},"30",[20,36651,36652],{},"These are different things.",[811,36654,36656],{"id":36655},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36658,36659,36660,36662],{},"Each item from ",[15,36661,35555],{}," is a pair.",[20,36664,6713],{},[41,36666,36668],{"className":43,"code":36667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36669,36670,36694,36698,36718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36671,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36673,7805],{"class":56},[50,36675,61],{"class":60},[50,36677,3652],{"class":64},[50,36679,69],{"class":68},[50,36681,2194],{"class":72},[50,36683,69],{"class":68},[50,36685,89],{"class":64},[50,36687,81],{"class":68},[50,36689,11759],{"class":72},[50,36691,69],{"class":68},[50,36693,788],{"class":64},[50,36695,36696],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36697,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36699,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36701,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36703,35936],{"class":56},[50,36705,89],{"class":64},[50,36707,5985],{"class":56},[50,36709,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36711,35637],{"class":118},[50,36713,122],{"class":64},[50,36715,7836],{"class":125},[50,36717,8368],{"class":64},[50,36719,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36721,8094],{"class":118},[50,36723,122],{"class":64},[50,36725,35961],{"class":125},[50,36727,89],{"class":64},[50,36729,29308],{"class":125},[50,36731,414],{"class":64},[20,36733,36734],{},"But this causes an error:",[41,36736,36738],{"className":43,"code":36737,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36739,36740,36764,36768,36793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36741,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36743,7805],{"class":56},[50,36745,61],{"class":60},[50,36747,3652],{"class":64},[50,36749,69],{"class":68},[50,36751,2194],{"class":72},[50,36753,69],{"class":68},[50,36755,89],{"class":64},[50,36757,81],{"class":68},[50,36759,11759],{"class":72},[50,36761,69],{"class":68},[50,36763,788],{"class":64},[50,36765,36766],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36767,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36769,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36771,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36773,35936],{"class":56},[50,36775,89],{"class":64},[50,36777,29308],{"class":56},[50,36779,89],{"class":64},[50,36781,36782],{"class":56}," extra ",[50,36784,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36786,35637],{"class":118},[50,36788,122],{"class":64},[50,36790,7836],{"class":125},[50,36792,8368],{"class":64},[50,36794,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36810],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36796,8094],{"class":118},[50,36798,122],{"class":64},[50,36800,35961],{"class":125},[50,36802,89],{"class":64},[50,36804,29308],{"class":125},[50,36806,89],{"class":64},[50,36808,36809],{"class":125}," extra",[50,36811,414],{"class":64},[20,36813,28862,36814,36816],{},[15,36815,35555],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[811,36818,36820,36822],{"id":36819},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36821,35555],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36824,36825],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36827,36828],{},"Example with a string:",[41,36830,36832],{"className":43,"code":36831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36833,36834,36860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36835,36836,36838,36840,36842,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36856,36858],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36837,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36839,35627],{"class":56},[50,36841,89],{"class":64},[50,36843,36844],{"class":56}," char ",[50,36846,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36848,35637],{"class":118},[50,36850,122],{"class":64},[50,36852,69],{"class":68},[50,36854,36855],{"class":72},"cat",[50,36857,69],{"class":68},[50,36859,8368],{"class":64},[50,36861,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36873],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36863,8094],{"class":118},[50,36865,122],{"class":64},[50,36867,35652],{"class":125},[50,36869,89],{"class":64},[50,36871,36872],{"class":125}," char",[50,36874,414],{"class":64},[20,36876,2091],{},[41,36878,36880],{"className":43,"code":36879,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36881,36882,36888,36894],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36883,36884,36886],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36885,1215],{"class":101},[50,36887,35996],{"class":56},[50,36889,36890,36892],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36891,3011],{"class":101},[50,36893,35982],{"class":56},[50,36895,36896,36898],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36897,2076],{"class":101},[50,36899,36900],{"class":56}," t\n",[20,36902,36903,36904,129],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[380,36905,5158],{"href":5610},[811,36907,36909],{"id":36908},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36911,36912,36913,129],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36914,35555],{},[20,36916,36917,36918,36920],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36919,5982],{}," loop:",[41,36922,36924],{"className":43,"code":36923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36925,36926,36958,36962,36974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36927,36928,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36929,13084],{"class":56},[50,36931,61],{"class":60},[50,36933,3652],{"class":64},[50,36935,69],{"class":68},[50,36937,13101],{"class":72},[50,36939,69],{"class":68},[50,36941,89],{"class":64},[50,36943,81],{"class":68},[50,36945,17448],{"class":72},[50,36947,69],{"class":68},[50,36949,89],{"class":64},[50,36951,81],{"class":68},[50,36953,13118],{"class":72},[50,36955,69],{"class":68},[50,36957,788],{"class":64},[50,36959,36960],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36961,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36963,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36965,5982],{"class":1622},[50,36967,35632],{"class":56},[50,36969,1562],{"class":1622},[50,36971,13132],{"class":56},[50,36973,6417],{"class":64},[50,36975,36976,36978,36980,36982],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,36977,8094],{"class":118},[50,36979,122],{"class":64},[50,36981,32694],{"class":125},[50,36983,414],{"class":64},[20,36985,36986],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[219,36988,1663],{"id":1662},[20,36990,36991],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[233,36993,36994,36999,37005,37010],{},[236,36995,22899,36996,36998],{},[15,36997,35555],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[236,37000,37001,37002,37004],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37003,1215],{}," by default",[236,37006,8444,37007,37009],{},[15,37008,35555],{}," when only values are needed",[236,37011,37012,37013,8733,37015],{},"Confusing ",[15,37014,35555],{},[15,37016,36005],{},[20,37018,37019],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[41,37021,37023],{"className":43,"code":37022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37024,37025,37047,37074,37108,37141],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37026,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37028,119],{"class":118},[50,37030,122],{"class":64},[50,37032,35849],{"class":118},[50,37034,3008],{"class":64},[50,37036,2352],{"class":101},[50,37038,89],{"class":64},[50,37040,7816],{"class":101},[50,37042,89],{"class":64},[50,37044,7821],{"class":101},[50,37046,3023],{"class":64},[50,37048,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37050,119],{"class":118},[50,37052,122],{"class":64},[50,37054,8119],{"class":1779},[50,37056,122],{"class":64},[50,37058,35849],{"class":118},[50,37060,3008],{"class":64},[50,37062,2352],{"class":101},[50,37064,89],{"class":64},[50,37066,7816],{"class":101},[50,37068,89],{"class":64},[50,37070,7821],{"class":101},[50,37072,37073],{"class":64},"])))\n",[50,37075,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37077,119],{"class":118},[50,37079,122],{"class":64},[50,37081,8119],{"class":1779},[50,37083,122],{"class":64},[50,37085,35849],{"class":118},[50,37087,3008],{"class":64},[50,37089,2352],{"class":101},[50,37091,89],{"class":64},[50,37093,7816],{"class":101},[50,37095,89],{"class":64},[50,37097,7821],{"class":101},[50,37099,18055],{"class":64},[50,37101,35858],{"class":9202},[50,37103,61],{"class":60},[50,37105,3011],{"class":101},[50,37107,1799],{"class":64},[50,37109,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,37111,5982],{"class":1622},[50,37113,35936],{"class":56},[50,37115,89],{"class":64},[50,37117,21382],{"class":56},[50,37119,1562],{"class":1622},[50,37121,35637],{"class":118},[50,37123,3008],{"class":64},[50,37125,1736],{"class":68},[50,37127,380],{"class":72},[50,37129,1736],{"class":68},[50,37131,89],{"class":64},[50,37133,3321],{"class":68},[50,37135,4784],{"class":72},[50,37137,1736],{"class":68},[50,37139,37140],{"class":64},"]):\n",[50,37142,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,37144,8094],{"class":118},[50,37146,122],{"class":64},[50,37148,35961],{"class":125},[50,37150,89],{"class":64},[50,37152,8460],{"class":125},[50,37154,414],{"class":64},[20,37156,16957],{},[41,37158,37160],{"className":43,"code":37159,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37161,37162,37182,37214,37246,37252],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37163,37164,37166,37168,37170,37173,37177,37180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37165,3315],{"class":60},[50,37167,35849],{"class":118},[50,37169,24416],{"class":1779},[50,37171,37172],{"class":56}," at ",[50,37174,37176],{"class":37175},"srjyR","0x",[50,37178,37179],{"class":34257},"...",[50,37181,3328],{"class":60},[50,37183,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37185,21538],{"class":64},[50,37187,1215],{"class":101},[50,37189,89],{"class":64},[50,37191,1144],{"class":101},[50,37193,9259],{"class":64},[50,37195,9262],{"class":64},[50,37197,3011],{"class":101},[50,37199,89],{"class":64},[50,37201,7816],{"class":101},[50,37203,9259],{"class":64},[50,37205,9262],{"class":64},[50,37207,2076],{"class":101},[50,37209,89],{"class":64},[50,37211,7821],{"class":101},[50,37213,9275],{"class":64},[50,37215,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37217,21538],{"class":64},[50,37219,3011],{"class":101},[50,37221,89],{"class":64},[50,37223,1144],{"class":101},[50,37225,9259],{"class":64},[50,37227,9262],{"class":64},[50,37229,2076],{"class":101},[50,37231,89],{"class":64},[50,37233,7816],{"class":101},[50,37235,9259],{"class":64},[50,37237,9262],{"class":64},[50,37239,2082],{"class":101},[50,37241,89],{"class":64},[50,37243,7821],{"class":101},[50,37245,9275],{"class":64},[50,37247,37248,37250],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,37249,1215],{"class":101},[50,37251,35982],{"class":56},[50,37253,37254,37256],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,37255,3011],{"class":101},[50,37257,35989],{"class":56},[219,37259,1857],{"id":1856},[811,37261,5164,37263,5167],{"id":37262},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37264,35555],{},[20,37266,37267],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[811,37269,1861,37271,37273],{"id":37270},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37272,35555],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37275,37276,37277,37279,37280,37283],{},"It starts at ",[15,37278,1215],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37281,37282],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[811,37285,1897,37287,11111,37289,1867],{"id":37286},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37288,35555],{},[15,37290,37291],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37293,36400,37294,37296],{},[15,37295,35555],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[811,37298,5192,37300,37302],{"id":37299},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37301,35555],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37304,37305,37306,37308],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37307,35555],{}," can return each character with its index.",[219,37310,1909],{"id":1908},[233,37312,37313,37317,37323,37330],{},[236,37314,37315],{},[380,37316,35835],{"href":35834},[236,37318,37319],{},[380,37320,3603,37321,3536],{"href":36002},[15,37322,36005],{},[236,37324,37325],{},[380,37326,37327,37328,36416],{"href":36412},"How to use ",[15,37329,35555],{},[236,37331,37332],{},[380,37333,5239],{"href":5610},[1944,37335,37336],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":37338},[37339,37340,37342,37343,37345,37347,37349,37356,37357,37367],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":35695,"depth":108,"text":37341},"What enumerate() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":36008,"depth":108,"text":37344},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36223,"depth":108,"text":37346},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36419,"depth":108,"text":37348},"Using the start argument",{"id":25156,"depth":108,"text":25157,"children":37350},[37351,37352,37353,37355],{"id":36559,"depth":115,"text":36560},{"id":36655,"depth":115,"text":36656},{"id":36819,"depth":115,"text":37354},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36908,"depth":115,"text":36909},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":37358},[37359,37361,37363,37365],{"id":37262,"depth":115,"text":37360},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37270,"depth":115,"text":37362},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37286,"depth":115,"text":37364},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37299,"depth":115,"text":37366},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35547,"description":37368},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37375,"title":37376,"body":37377,"description":39893,"extension":1981,"meta":39894,"navigation":111,"path":39895,"seo":39896,"stem":39897,"__hash__":39898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37378,"toc":39850},[37379,37385,37390,37393,37401,37415,37417,37508,37516,37521,37526,37528,37544,37546,37625,37627,37644,37650,37654,37656,37677,37681,37684,37696,37700,37703,37706,37723,37726,37802,37804,37821,37826,37830,37838,37841,37856,37858,37947,37949,37994,37997,38001,38004,38083,38085,38107,38110,38117,38122,38125,38228,38230,38255,38258,38265,38271,38276,38279,38290,38396,38398,38419,38427,38434,38440,38459,38464,38467,38486,38488,38573,38575,38604,38607,38612,38617,38620,38631,38633,38722,38724,38744,38750,38856,38858,38878,38881,38965,38967,38987,38994,38996,39000,39006,39009,39066,39069,39072,39133,39142,39145,39148,39176,39179,39239,39241,39258,39262,39265,39343,39345,39365,39368,39443,39447,39450,39452,39461,39466,39468,39519,39527,39539,39544,39605,39607,39624,39628,39691,39693,39718,39726,39728,39734,39740,39747,39755,39761,39764,39771,39781,39787,39793,39796,39813,39819,39821,39847],[10,37380,3603,37382,3607],{"id":37381},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37383,37384],{},"filter()",[20,37386,37387,37389],{},[15,37388,37384],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37391,37392],{},"It takes:",[233,37394,37395,37398],{},[236,37396,37397],{},"a function that checks each item",[236,37399,37400],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37402,37403,37404,37407,37408,37411,37412,37414],{},"The result is ",[997,37405,37406],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37409,37410],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37413,24580],{}," to see the values.",[219,37416,2022],{"id":2021},[41,37418,37420],{"className":43,"code":37419,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37421,37422,37455,37491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37423,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37425,3647],{"class":56},[50,37427,61],{"class":60},[50,37429,3652],{"class":64},[50,37431,3011],{"class":101},[50,37433,89],{"class":64},[50,37435,3016],{"class":101},[50,37437,89],{"class":64},[50,37439,2473],{"class":101},[50,37441,89],{"class":64},[50,37443,2479],{"class":101},[50,37445,89],{"class":64},[50,37447,4629],{"class":101},[50,37449,89],{"class":64},[50,37451,37452],{"class":101}," 6",[50,37454,788],{"class":64},[50,37456,37457,37459,37461,37464,37466,37469,37473,37475,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37458,2250],{"class":56},[50,37460,61],{"class":60},[50,37462,37463],{"class":118}," filter",[50,37465,122],{"class":64},[50,37467,37468],{"class":2085},"lambda",[50,37470,37472],{"class":37471},"sFwrP"," x",[50,37474,78],{"class":64},[50,37476,3903],{"class":125},[50,37478,6427],{"class":60},[50,37480,3016],{"class":101},[50,37482,6432],{"class":60},[50,37484,1192],{"class":101},[50,37486,89],{"class":64},[50,37488,4287],{"class":125},[50,37490,414],{"class":64},[50,37492,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37494,119],{"class":118},[50,37496,122],{"class":64},[50,37498,8119],{"class":1779},[50,37500,122],{"class":64},[50,37502,2285],{"class":125},[50,37504,143],{"class":64},[50,37506,37507],{"class":146},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37509,37510,37512,37513,37515],{},[15,37511,37384],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37514,24580],{}," to see the results.",[219,37517,222,37519,225],{"id":37518},"what-filter-does",[15,37520,37384],{},[20,37522,37523,37525],{},[15,37524,37384],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37527,2128],{},[233,37529,37530,37533,37539],{},[236,37531,37532],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[236,37534,37535,37536,37538],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37537,3632],{},", the item is kept",[236,37540,37535,37541,37543],{},[15,37542,3702],{},", the item is removed",[20,37545,253],{},[41,37547,37549],{"className":43,"code":37548,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37550,37551,37579,37583,37611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37552,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37554,3647],{"class":56},[50,37556,61],{"class":60},[50,37558,3652],{"class":64},[50,37560,3011],{"class":101},[50,37562,89],{"class":64},[50,37564,3016],{"class":101},[50,37566,89],{"class":64},[50,37568,2473],{"class":101},[50,37570,89],{"class":64},[50,37572,2479],{"class":101},[50,37574,89],{"class":64},[50,37576,4629],{"class":101},[50,37578,788],{"class":64},[50,37580,37581],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37582,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,37584,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37586,2250],{"class":56},[50,37588,61],{"class":60},[50,37590,37463],{"class":118},[50,37592,122],{"class":64},[50,37594,37468],{"class":2085},[50,37596,37472],{"class":37471},[50,37598,78],{"class":64},[50,37600,3903],{"class":125},[50,37602,4276],{"class":60},[50,37604,2473],{"class":101},[50,37606,89],{"class":64},[50,37608,4287],{"class":125},[50,37610,414],{"class":64},[50,37612,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,37614,119],{"class":118},[50,37616,122],{"class":64},[50,37618,8119],{"class":1779},[50,37620,122],{"class":64},[50,37622,2285],{"class":125},[50,37624,1770],{"class":64},[20,37626,2091],{},[41,37628,37630],{"className":43,"code":37629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37631,37632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37633,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37635,779],{"class":64},[50,37637,2527],{"class":101},[50,37639,89],{"class":64},[50,37641,4629],{"class":101},[50,37643,788],{"class":64},[20,37645,37646,37647,37649],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37648,2082],{}," are kept.",[219,37651,37653],{"id":37652},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37655,2180],{},[41,37657,37659],{"className":43,"code":37658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37660,37661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37662,37663,37665,37667,37670,37672,37675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37664,37410],{"class":118},[50,37666,122],{"class":64},[50,37668,37669],{"class":125},"function",[50,37671,89],{"class":64},[50,37673,37674],{"class":125}," iterable",[50,37676,414],{"class":64},[811,37678,37679],{"id":37669},[15,37680,37669],{},[20,37682,37683],{},"This is the test function.",[233,37685,37686,37689],{},[236,37687,37688],{},"It receives one item at a time",[236,37690,37691,37692,2901,37694],{},"It should return ",[15,37693,3632],{},[15,37695,3702],{},[811,37697,37698],{"id":3748},[15,37699,3748],{},[20,37701,37702],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37704,37705],{},"It can be:",[233,37707,37708,37711,37714,37717,37720],{},[236,37709,37710],{},"a list",[236,37712,37713],{},"a tuple",[236,37715,37716],{},"a string",[236,37718,37719],{},"a set",[236,37721,37722],{},"another iterable object",[20,37724,37725],{},"Example with a tuple:",[41,37727,37729],{"className":43,"code":37728,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37730,37731,37756,37760,37788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37732,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37734,3647],{"class":56},[50,37736,61],{"class":60},[50,37738,9262],{"class":64},[50,37740,2352],{"class":101},[50,37742,89],{"class":64},[50,37744,37745],{"class":101}," 15",[50,37747,89],{"class":64},[50,37749,7816],{"class":101},[50,37751,89],{"class":64},[50,37753,102],{"class":101},[50,37755,414],{"class":64},[50,37757,37758],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37759,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,37761,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37763,2250],{"class":56},[50,37765,61],{"class":60},[50,37767,37463],{"class":118},[50,37769,122],{"class":64},[50,37771,37468],{"class":2085},[50,37773,37472],{"class":37471},[50,37775,78],{"class":64},[50,37777,3903],{"class":125},[50,37779,5121],{"class":60},[50,37781,7816],{"class":101},[50,37783,89],{"class":64},[50,37785,4287],{"class":125},[50,37787,414],{"class":64},[50,37789,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,37791,119],{"class":118},[50,37793,122],{"class":64},[50,37795,8119],{"class":1779},[50,37797,122],{"class":64},[50,37799,2285],{"class":125},[50,37801,1770],{"class":64},[20,37803,2091],{},[41,37805,37807],{"className":43,"code":37806,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37808,37809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37810,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37812,779],{"class":64},[50,37814,15755],{"class":101},[50,37816,89],{"class":64},[50,37818,102],{"class":101},[50,37820,788],{"class":64},[20,37822,37823,37824,129],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[380,37825,5158],{"href":5610},[219,37827,37829],{"id":37828},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37831,37832,37833,21773,37835,129],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37834,37384],{},[997,37836,37837],{},"filter object",[20,37839,37840],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[233,37842,37843,37846,37851],{},[236,37844,37845],{},"loop through it",[236,37847,37848,37849],{},"convert it with ",[15,37850,24580],{},[236,37852,37848,37853],{},[15,37854,37855],{},"tuple()",[20,37857,253],{},[41,37859,37861],{"className":43,"code":37860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37862,37863,37905,37909,37919,37933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37864,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37866,2250],{"class":56},[50,37868,61],{"class":60},[50,37870,37463],{"class":118},[50,37872,122],{"class":64},[50,37874,37468],{"class":2085},[50,37876,37472],{"class":37471},[50,37878,78],{"class":64},[50,37880,3903],{"class":125},[50,37882,4276],{"class":60},[50,37884,3016],{"class":101},[50,37886,89],{"class":64},[50,37888,3652],{"class":64},[50,37890,3011],{"class":101},[50,37892,89],{"class":64},[50,37894,3016],{"class":101},[50,37896,89],{"class":64},[50,37898,2473],{"class":101},[50,37900,89],{"class":64},[50,37902,2479],{"class":101},[50,37904,3911],{"class":64},[50,37906,37907],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37908,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,37910,37911,37913,37915,37917],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37912,119],{"class":118},[50,37914,122],{"class":64},[50,37916,2285],{"class":125},[50,37918,414],{"class":64},[50,37920,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,37922,119],{"class":118},[50,37924,122],{"class":64},[50,37926,1780],{"class":1779},[50,37928,122],{"class":64},[50,37930,2285],{"class":125},[50,37932,1770],{"class":64},[50,37934,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,37936,119],{"class":118},[50,37938,122],{"class":64},[50,37940,8119],{"class":1779},[50,37942,122],{"class":64},[50,37944,2285],{"class":125},[50,37946,1770],{"class":64},[20,37948,2091],{},[41,37950,37952],{"className":43,"code":37951,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37953,37954,37968,37982],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37955,37956,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37957,3315],{"class":60},[50,37959,37410],{"class":118},[50,37961,24416],{"class":1779},[50,37963,37172],{"class":56},[50,37965,37179],{"class":34257},[50,37967,3328],{"class":60},[50,37969,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37971,3315],{"class":60},[50,37973,3318],{"class":2085},[50,37975,3321],{"class":68},[50,37977,37410],{"class":72},[50,37979,1736],{"class":68},[50,37981,3328],{"class":60},[50,37983,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37985,779],{"class":64},[50,37987,2082],{"class":101},[50,37989,89],{"class":64},[50,37991,2479],{"class":101},[50,37993,788],{"class":64},[20,37995,37996],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[811,37998,38000],{"id":37999},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38002,38003],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[41,38005,38007],{"className":43,"code":38006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38008,38009,38051,38055,38069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38010,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38012,2250],{"class":56},[50,38014,61],{"class":60},[50,38016,37463],{"class":118},[50,38018,122],{"class":64},[50,38020,37468],{"class":2085},[50,38022,37472],{"class":37471},[50,38024,78],{"class":64},[50,38026,3903],{"class":125},[50,38028,4276],{"class":60},[50,38030,3016],{"class":101},[50,38032,89],{"class":64},[50,38034,3652],{"class":64},[50,38036,3011],{"class":101},[50,38038,89],{"class":64},[50,38040,3016],{"class":101},[50,38042,89],{"class":64},[50,38044,2473],{"class":101},[50,38046,89],{"class":64},[50,38048,2479],{"class":101},[50,38050,3911],{"class":64},[50,38052,38053],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38054,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38056,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38058,119],{"class":118},[50,38060,122],{"class":64},[50,38062,8119],{"class":1779},[50,38064,122],{"class":64},[50,38066,2285],{"class":125},[50,38068,1770],{"class":64},[50,38070,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,38072,119],{"class":118},[50,38074,122],{"class":64},[50,38076,8119],{"class":1779},[50,38078,122],{"class":64},[50,38080,2285],{"class":125},[50,38082,1770],{"class":64},[20,38084,2091],{},[41,38086,38088],{"className":43,"code":38087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38089,38090,38102],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38091,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38093,779],{"class":64},[50,38095,2082],{"class":101},[50,38097,89],{"class":64},[50,38099,2479],{"class":101},[50,38101,788],{"class":64},[50,38103,38104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38105,38106],{"class":64},"[]\n",[20,38108,38109],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[219,38111,8444,38113,8733,38115],{"id":38112},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38114,37384],{},[15,38116,37468],{},[20,38118,15193,38119,38121],{},[15,38120,37468],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38123,38124],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[41,38126,38128],{"className":43,"code":38127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38129,38130,38172,38176,38214],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38131,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38168,38170],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38133,4093],{"class":56},[50,38135,61],{"class":60},[50,38137,3652],{"class":64},[50,38139,69],{"class":68},[50,38141,4102],{"class":72},[50,38143,69],{"class":68},[50,38145,89],{"class":64},[50,38147,81],{"class":68},[50,38149,38150],{"class":72},"kiwi",[50,38152,69],{"class":68},[50,38154,89],{"class":64},[50,38156,81],{"class":68},[50,38158,4111],{"class":72},[50,38160,69],{"class":68},[50,38162,89],{"class":64},[50,38164,81],{"class":68},[50,38166,38167],{"class":72},"fig",[50,38169,69],{"class":68},[50,38171,788],{"class":64},[50,38173,38174],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38175,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38177,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186,38188,38191,38193,38196,38198,38201,38203,38206,38208,38210,38212],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38179,2250],{"class":56},[50,38181,61],{"class":60},[50,38183,37463],{"class":118},[50,38185,122],{"class":64},[50,38187,37468],{"class":2085},[50,38189,38190],{"class":37471}," word",[50,38192,78],{"class":64},[50,38194,38195],{"class":118}," len",[50,38197,122],{"class":64},[50,38199,38200],{"class":125},"word",[50,38202,1206],{"class":64},[50,38204,38205],{"class":60}," >",[50,38207,2479],{"class":101},[50,38209,89],{"class":64},[50,38211,6192],{"class":125},[50,38213,414],{"class":64},[50,38215,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,38217,119],{"class":118},[50,38219,122],{"class":64},[50,38221,8119],{"class":1779},[50,38223,122],{"class":64},[50,38225,2285],{"class":125},[50,38227,1770],{"class":64},[20,38229,2091],{},[41,38231,38233],{"className":43,"code":38232,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38234,38235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38236,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38238,779],{"class":64},[50,38240,1736],{"class":68},[50,38242,4102],{"class":72},[50,38244,1736],{"class":68},[50,38246,89],{"class":64},[50,38248,3321],{"class":68},[50,38250,4111],{"class":72},[50,38252,1736],{"class":68},[50,38254,788],{"class":64},[20,38256,38257],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38259,38260,38261,129],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[380,38262,38264],{"href":38263},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[219,38266,8444,38268,38270],{"id":38267},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38269,37384],{}," with a named function",[20,38272,38273,38274,129],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38275,37468],{},[20,38277,38278],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[233,38280,38281,38284,38287],{},[236,38282,38283],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[236,38285,38286],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[236,38288,38289],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[41,38291,38293],{"className":43,"code":38292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38294,38295,38308,38323,38327,38359,38378,38382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38296,38297,38299,38302,38304,38306],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38298,34656],{"class":2085},[50,38300,38301],{"class":34659}," is_even",[50,38303,122],{"class":64},[50,38305,2260],{"class":37471},[50,38307,8368],{"class":64},[50,38309,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38311,34667],{"class":1622},[50,38313,6410],{"class":56},[50,38315,6427],{"class":60},[50,38317,3016],{"class":101},[50,38319,6432],{"class":60},[50,38321,38322],{"class":101}," 0\n",[50,38324,38325],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38326,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38328,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,38330,3647],{"class":56},[50,38332,61],{"class":60},[50,38334,3652],{"class":64},[50,38336,3011],{"class":101},[50,38338,89],{"class":64},[50,38340,3016],{"class":101},[50,38342,89],{"class":64},[50,38344,2473],{"class":101},[50,38346,89],{"class":64},[50,38348,2479],{"class":101},[50,38350,89],{"class":64},[50,38352,4629],{"class":101},[50,38354,89],{"class":64},[50,38356,37452],{"class":101},[50,38358,788],{"class":64},[50,38360,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38372,38374,38376],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,38362,2250],{"class":56},[50,38364,61],{"class":60},[50,38366,37463],{"class":118},[50,38368,122],{"class":64},[50,38370,38371],{"class":125},"is_even",[50,38373,89],{"class":64},[50,38375,4287],{"class":125},[50,38377,414],{"class":64},[50,38379,38380],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,38381,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38383,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,38385,119],{"class":118},[50,38387,122],{"class":64},[50,38389,8119],{"class":1779},[50,38391,122],{"class":64},[50,38393,2285],{"class":125},[50,38395,1770],{"class":64},[20,38397,2091],{},[41,38399,38401],{"className":43,"code":38400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38402,38403],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38404,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38406,779],{"class":64},[50,38408,2076],{"class":101},[50,38410,89],{"class":64},[50,38412,2479],{"class":101},[50,38414,89],{"class":64},[50,38416,37452],{"class":101},[50,38418,788],{"class":64},[20,38420,1212,38421,35,38424,38426],{},[15,38422,38423],{},"is_even()",[15,38425,3632],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[219,38428,8444,38430,8733,38432],{"id":38429},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38431,38],{},[15,38433,37384],{},[20,38435,38436,38437,38439],{},"You can pass ",[15,38438,38],{}," as the first argument:",[41,38441,38443],{"className":43,"code":38442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38444,38445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38446,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38448,37410],{"class":118},[50,38450,122],{"class":64},[50,38452,38],{"class":1494},[50,38454,89],{"class":64},[50,38456,37674],{"class":125},[50,38458,414],{"class":64},[20,38460,38461,38462,7365],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[997,38463,5620],{},[20,38465,38466],{},"Falsy values include:",[233,38468,38469,38473,38478,38482],{},[236,38470,38471],{},[15,38472,1215],{},[236,38474,38475,38477],{},[15,38476,3801],{}," (empty string)",[236,38479,38480],{},[15,38481,38],{},[236,38483,38484],{},[15,38485,3702],{},[20,38487,253],{},[41,38489,38491],{"className":43,"code":38490,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38492,38493,38537,38541,38559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38494,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38496,7805],{"class":56},[50,38498,61],{"class":60},[50,38500,3652],{"class":64},[50,38502,1215],{"class":101},[50,38504,89],{"class":64},[50,38506,5521],{"class":101},[50,38508,89],{"class":64},[50,38510,6150],{"class":68},[50,38512,89],{"class":64},[50,38514,81],{"class":68},[50,38516,3870],{"class":72},[50,38518,69],{"class":68},[50,38520,89],{"class":64},[50,38522,1495],{"class":1494},[50,38524,89],{"class":64},[50,38526,3938],{"class":1494},[50,38528,89],{"class":64},[50,38530,3929],{"class":1494},[50,38532,89],{"class":64},[50,38534,4629],{"class":101},[50,38536,788],{"class":64},[50,38538,38539],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38540,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38542,38543,38545,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38544,2250],{"class":56},[50,38546,61],{"class":60},[50,38548,37463],{"class":118},[50,38550,122],{"class":64},[50,38552,38],{"class":1494},[50,38554,89],{"class":64},[50,38556,5990],{"class":125},[50,38558,414],{"class":64},[50,38560,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,38562,119],{"class":118},[50,38564,122],{"class":64},[50,38566,8119],{"class":1779},[50,38568,122],{"class":64},[50,38570,2285],{"class":125},[50,38572,1770],{"class":64},[20,38574,2091],{},[41,38576,38578],{"className":43,"code":38577,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38579,38580],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38581,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38583,779],{"class":64},[50,38585,3011],{"class":101},[50,38587,89],{"class":64},[50,38589,3321],{"class":68},[50,38591,3870],{"class":72},[50,38593,1736],{"class":68},[50,38595,89],{"class":64},[50,38597,3938],{"class":1494},[50,38599,89],{"class":64},[50,38601,4629],{"class":101},[50,38603,788],{"class":64},[20,38605,38606],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[219,38608,582,38610],{"id":38609},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38611,37384],{},[20,38613,212,38614,38616],{},[15,38615,37384],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38618,38619],{},"It works well for:",[233,38621,38622,38625,38628],{},[236,38623,38624],{},"simple filtering rules",[236,38626,38627],{},"quick data cleaning",[236,38629,38630],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38632,253],{},[41,38634,38636],{"className":43,"code":38635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38637,38638,38670,38703,38707],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38639,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38641,3647],{"class":56},[50,38643,61],{"class":60},[50,38645,3652],{"class":64},[50,38647,3011],{"class":101},[50,38649,89],{"class":64},[50,38651,3016],{"class":101},[50,38653,89],{"class":64},[50,38655,2473],{"class":101},[50,38657,89],{"class":64},[50,38659,2479],{"class":101},[50,38661,89],{"class":64},[50,38663,4629],{"class":101},[50,38665,89],{"class":64},[50,38667,37452],{"class":101},[50,38669,788],{"class":64},[50,38671,38672,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38673,38674],{"class":56},"evens ",[50,38676,61],{"class":60},[50,38678,37463],{"class":118},[50,38680,122],{"class":64},[50,38682,37468],{"class":2085},[50,38684,37472],{"class":37471},[50,38686,78],{"class":64},[50,38688,3903],{"class":125},[50,38690,6427],{"class":60},[50,38692,3016],{"class":101},[50,38694,6432],{"class":60},[50,38696,1192],{"class":101},[50,38698,89],{"class":64},[50,38700,4287],{"class":125},[50,38702,414],{"class":64},[50,38704,38705],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38706,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38708,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38720],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,38710,119],{"class":118},[50,38712,122],{"class":64},[50,38714,8119],{"class":1779},[50,38716,122],{"class":64},[50,38718,38719],{"class":125},"evens",[50,38721,1770],{"class":64},[20,38723,2091],{},[41,38725,38726],{"className":43,"code":38400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,38727,38728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38729,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38731,779],{"class":64},[50,38733,2076],{"class":101},[50,38735,89],{"class":64},[50,38737,2479],{"class":101},[50,38739,89],{"class":64},[50,38741,37452],{"class":101},[50,38743,788],{"class":64},[20,38745,38746,38747,38749],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38748,5982],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[41,38751,38753],{"className":43,"code":38752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38754,38755,38787,38795,38799,38811,38827,38842,38846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38756,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38758,3647],{"class":56},[50,38760,61],{"class":60},[50,38762,3652],{"class":64},[50,38764,3011],{"class":101},[50,38766,89],{"class":64},[50,38768,3016],{"class":101},[50,38770,89],{"class":64},[50,38772,2473],{"class":101},[50,38774,89],{"class":64},[50,38776,2479],{"class":101},[50,38778,89],{"class":64},[50,38780,4629],{"class":101},[50,38782,89],{"class":64},[50,38784,37452],{"class":101},[50,38786,788],{"class":64},[50,38788,38789,38791,38793],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38790,38674],{"class":56},[50,38792,61],{"class":60},[50,38794,7865],{"class":64},[50,38796,38797],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38798,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38800,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,38802,5982],{"class":1622},[50,38804,6410],{"class":56},[50,38806,1562],{"class":1622},[50,38808,4287],{"class":56},[50,38810,6417],{"class":64},[50,38812,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,38814,6422],{"class":1622},[50,38816,6410],{"class":56},[50,38818,6427],{"class":60},[50,38820,3016],{"class":101},[50,38822,6432],{"class":60},[50,38824,1192],{"class":101},[50,38826,6417],{"class":64},[50,38828,38829,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,38830,38831],{"class":56},"        evens",[50,38833,129],{"class":64},[50,38835,13561],{"class":125},[50,38837,122],{"class":64},[50,38839,2260],{"class":125},[50,38841,414],{"class":64},[50,38843,38844],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,38845,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38847,38848,38850,38852,38854],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,38849,119],{"class":118},[50,38851,122],{"class":64},[50,38853,38719],{"class":125},[50,38855,414],{"class":64},[20,38857,2091],{},[41,38859,38860],{"className":43,"code":38400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,38861,38862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38863,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38865,779],{"class":64},[50,38867,2076],{"class":101},[50,38869,89],{"class":64},[50,38871,2479],{"class":101},[50,38873,89],{"class":64},[50,38875,37452],{"class":101},[50,38877,788],{"class":64},[20,38879,38880],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[41,38882,38884],{"className":43,"code":38883,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38885,38886,38918,38951,38955],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38887,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38889,3647],{"class":56},[50,38891,61],{"class":60},[50,38893,3652],{"class":64},[50,38895,3011],{"class":101},[50,38897,89],{"class":64},[50,38899,3016],{"class":101},[50,38901,89],{"class":64},[50,38903,2473],{"class":101},[50,38905,89],{"class":64},[50,38907,2479],{"class":101},[50,38909,89],{"class":64},[50,38911,4629],{"class":101},[50,38913,89],{"class":64},[50,38915,37452],{"class":101},[50,38917,788],{"class":64},[50,38919,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38921,38674],{"class":56},[50,38923,61],{"class":60},[50,38925,3652],{"class":64},[50,38927,2237],{"class":56},[50,38929,5982],{"class":1622},[50,38931,6410],{"class":56},[50,38933,1562],{"class":1622},[50,38935,38936],{"class":56}," numbers ",[50,38938,7023],{"class":1622},[50,38940,6410],{"class":56},[50,38942,6427],{"class":60},[50,38944,3016],{"class":101},[50,38946,6432],{"class":60},[50,38948,1192],{"class":101},[50,38950,788],{"class":64},[50,38952,38953],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38954,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38956,38957,38959,38961,38963],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,38958,119],{"class":118},[50,38960,122],{"class":64},[50,38962,38719],{"class":125},[50,38964,414],{"class":64},[20,38966,2091],{},[41,38968,38969],{"className":43,"code":38400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,38970,38971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38972,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38974,779],{"class":64},[50,38976,2076],{"class":101},[50,38978,89],{"class":64},[50,38980,2479],{"class":101},[50,38982,89],{"class":64},[50,38984,37452],{"class":101},[50,38986,788],{"class":64},[20,38988,38989,38990,129],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[380,38991,38993],{"href":38992},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[219,38995,1663],{"id":1662},[20,38997,14738,38998,129],{},[15,38999,37384],{},[811,39001,8480,39003,39005],{"id":39002},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39004,37384],{}," to return a list",[20,39007,39008],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[41,39010,39012],{"className":43,"code":39011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39013,39014,39056],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39015,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39017,2250],{"class":56},[50,39019,61],{"class":60},[50,39021,37463],{"class":118},[50,39023,122],{"class":64},[50,39025,37468],{"class":2085},[50,39027,37472],{"class":37471},[50,39029,78],{"class":64},[50,39031,3903],{"class":125},[50,39033,4276],{"class":60},[50,39035,3016],{"class":101},[50,39037,89],{"class":64},[50,39039,3652],{"class":64},[50,39041,3011],{"class":101},[50,39043,89],{"class":64},[50,39045,3016],{"class":101},[50,39047,89],{"class":64},[50,39049,2473],{"class":101},[50,39051,89],{"class":64},[50,39053,2479],{"class":101},[50,39055,3911],{"class":64},[50,39057,39058,39060,39062,39064],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39059,119],{"class":118},[50,39061,122],{"class":64},[50,39063,2285],{"class":125},[50,39065,414],{"class":64},[20,39067,39068],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39070,39071],{},"Fix:",[41,39073,39075],{"className":43,"code":39074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39076,39077,39119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39078,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39080,2250],{"class":56},[50,39082,61],{"class":60},[50,39084,37463],{"class":118},[50,39086,122],{"class":64},[50,39088,37468],{"class":2085},[50,39090,37472],{"class":37471},[50,39092,78],{"class":64},[50,39094,3903],{"class":125},[50,39096,4276],{"class":60},[50,39098,3016],{"class":101},[50,39100,89],{"class":64},[50,39102,3652],{"class":64},[50,39104,3011],{"class":101},[50,39106,89],{"class":64},[50,39108,3016],{"class":101},[50,39110,89],{"class":64},[50,39112,2473],{"class":101},[50,39114,89],{"class":64},[50,39116,2479],{"class":101},[50,39118,3911],{"class":64},[50,39120,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39122,119],{"class":118},[50,39124,122],{"class":64},[50,39126,8119],{"class":1779},[50,39128,122],{"class":64},[50,39130,2285],{"class":125},[50,39132,1770],{"class":64},[811,39134,39136,39137,2901,39139,39141],{"id":39135},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39138,3632],{},[15,39140,3702],{}," clearly",[20,39143,39144],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39146,39147],{},"Good example:",[41,39149,39151],{"className":43,"code":39150,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39152,39153,39166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39154,39155,39157,39160,39162,39164],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39156,34656],{"class":2085},[50,39158,39159],{"class":34659}," is_positive",[50,39161,122],{"class":64},[50,39163,2260],{"class":37471},[50,39165,8368],{"class":64},[50,39167,39168,39170,39172,39174],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39169,34667],{"class":1622},[50,39171,6410],{"class":56},[50,39173,4276],{"class":60},[50,39175,38322],{"class":101},[20,39177,39178],{},"Then use it with:",[41,39180,39182],{"className":43,"code":39181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39183,39184,39216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39185,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39187,3647],{"class":56},[50,39189,61],{"class":60},[50,39191,3652],{"class":64},[50,39193,2041],{"class":60},[50,39195,2076],{"class":101},[50,39197,89],{"class":64},[50,39199,2242],{"class":60},[50,39201,3011],{"class":101},[50,39203,89],{"class":64},[50,39205,1192],{"class":101},[50,39207,89],{"class":64},[50,39209,5521],{"class":101},[50,39211,89],{"class":64},[50,39213,3016],{"class":101},[50,39215,788],{"class":64},[50,39217,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39233,39235,39237],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39219,119],{"class":118},[50,39221,122],{"class":64},[50,39223,8119],{"class":1779},[50,39225,122],{"class":64},[50,39227,37410],{"class":118},[50,39229,122],{"class":64},[50,39231,39232],{"class":125},"is_positive",[50,39234,89],{"class":64},[50,39236,4287],{"class":125},[50,39238,1799],{"class":64},[20,39240,2091],{},[41,39242,39244],{"className":43,"code":39243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39245,39246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39247,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39249,779],{"class":64},[50,39251,3011],{"class":101},[50,39253,89],{"class":64},[50,39255,3016],{"class":101},[50,39257,788],{"class":64},[811,39259,39261],{"id":39260},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39263,39264],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[41,39266,39267],{"className":43,"code":38006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39268,39269,39311,39315,39329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39270,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39272,2250],{"class":56},[50,39274,61],{"class":60},[50,39276,37463],{"class":118},[50,39278,122],{"class":64},[50,39280,37468],{"class":2085},[50,39282,37472],{"class":37471},[50,39284,78],{"class":64},[50,39286,3903],{"class":125},[50,39288,4276],{"class":60},[50,39290,3016],{"class":101},[50,39292,89],{"class":64},[50,39294,3652],{"class":64},[50,39296,3011],{"class":101},[50,39298,89],{"class":64},[50,39300,3016],{"class":101},[50,39302,89],{"class":64},[50,39304,2473],{"class":101},[50,39306,89],{"class":64},[50,39308,2479],{"class":101},[50,39310,3911],{"class":64},[50,39312,39313],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39314,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,39316,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39318,119],{"class":118},[50,39320,122],{"class":64},[50,39322,8119],{"class":1779},[50,39324,122],{"class":64},[50,39326,2285],{"class":125},[50,39328,1770],{"class":64},[50,39330,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,39332,119],{"class":118},[50,39334,122],{"class":64},[50,39336,8119],{"class":1779},[50,39338,122],{"class":64},[50,39340,2285],{"class":125},[50,39342,1770],{"class":64},[20,39344,2091],{},[41,39346,39347],{"className":43,"code":38087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39348,39349,39361],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39350,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39352,779],{"class":64},[50,39354,2082],{"class":101},[50,39356,89],{"class":64},[50,39358,2479],{"class":101},[50,39360,788],{"class":64},[50,39362,39363],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39364,38106],{"class":64},[20,39366,39367],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[41,39369,39371],{"className":43,"code":39370,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39372,39373,39419,39423,39433],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39374,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39376,2250],{"class":56},[50,39378,61],{"class":60},[50,39380,22358],{"class":1779},[50,39382,122],{"class":64},[50,39384,37410],{"class":118},[50,39386,122],{"class":64},[50,39388,37468],{"class":2085},[50,39390,37472],{"class":37471},[50,39392,78],{"class":64},[50,39394,3903],{"class":125},[50,39396,4276],{"class":60},[50,39398,3016],{"class":101},[50,39400,89],{"class":64},[50,39402,3652],{"class":64},[50,39404,3011],{"class":101},[50,39406,89],{"class":64},[50,39408,3016],{"class":101},[50,39410,89],{"class":64},[50,39412,2473],{"class":101},[50,39414,89],{"class":64},[50,39416,2479],{"class":101},[50,39418,3023],{"class":64},[50,39420,39421],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39422,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,39424,39425,39427,39429,39431],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39426,119],{"class":118},[50,39428,122],{"class":64},[50,39430,2285],{"class":125},[50,39432,414],{"class":64},[50,39434,39435,39437,39439,39441],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,39436,119],{"class":118},[50,39438,122],{"class":64},[50,39440,2285],{"class":125},[50,39442,414],{"class":64},[811,39444,39446],{"id":39445},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39448,39449],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39451,16643],{},[41,39453,39455],{"className":43,"code":39454,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39456,39457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39458,39459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39460,39454],{"class":146},[20,39462,39463,39464,6576],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39465,2352],{},[20,39467,16655],{},[41,39469,39471],{"className":43,"code":39470,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39472,39473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39474,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39476,119],{"class":118},[50,39478,122],{"class":64},[50,39480,8119],{"class":1779},[50,39482,122],{"class":64},[50,39484,37410],{"class":118},[50,39486,122],{"class":64},[50,39488,37468],{"class":2085},[50,39490,37472],{"class":37471},[50,39492,78],{"class":64},[50,39494,3903],{"class":125},[50,39496,4276],{"class":60},[50,39498,3016],{"class":101},[50,39500,89],{"class":64},[50,39502,3652],{"class":64},[50,39504,3011],{"class":101},[50,39506,89],{"class":64},[50,39508,3016],{"class":101},[50,39510,89],{"class":64},[50,39512,2473],{"class":101},[50,39514,89],{"class":64},[50,39516,2479],{"class":101},[50,39518,37073],{"class":64},[811,39520,37012,39522,8733,39524],{"id":39521},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39523,37384],{},[15,39525,39526],{},"map()",[233,39528,39529,39534],{},[236,39530,39531,39533],{},[15,39532,37384],{}," keeps or removes items",[236,39535,39536,39538],{},[15,39537,39526],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39540,39541,39542,78],{},"Example of ",[15,39543,37384],{},[41,39545,39547],{"className":43,"code":39546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39548,39549,39573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39550,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39552,3647],{"class":56},[50,39554,61],{"class":60},[50,39556,3652],{"class":64},[50,39558,3011],{"class":101},[50,39560,89],{"class":64},[50,39562,3016],{"class":101},[50,39564,89],{"class":64},[50,39566,2473],{"class":101},[50,39568,89],{"class":64},[50,39570,2479],{"class":101},[50,39572,788],{"class":64},[50,39574,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39576,119],{"class":118},[50,39578,122],{"class":64},[50,39580,8119],{"class":1779},[50,39582,122],{"class":64},[50,39584,37410],{"class":118},[50,39586,122],{"class":64},[50,39588,37468],{"class":2085},[50,39590,37472],{"class":37471},[50,39592,78],{"class":64},[50,39594,3903],{"class":125},[50,39596,4276],{"class":60},[50,39598,3016],{"class":101},[50,39600,89],{"class":64},[50,39602,4287],{"class":125},[50,39604,1799],{"class":64},[20,39606,2091],{},[41,39608,39610],{"className":43,"code":39609,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39611,39612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39613,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39615,779],{"class":64},[50,39617,2082],{"class":101},[50,39619,89],{"class":64},[50,39621,2479],{"class":101},[50,39623,788],{"class":64},[20,39625,39541,39626,78],{},[15,39627,39526],{},[41,39629,39631],{"className":43,"code":39630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39632,39633,39657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39634,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39636,3647],{"class":56},[50,39638,61],{"class":60},[50,39640,3652],{"class":64},[50,39642,3011],{"class":101},[50,39644,89],{"class":64},[50,39646,3016],{"class":101},[50,39648,89],{"class":64},[50,39650,2473],{"class":101},[50,39652,89],{"class":64},[50,39654,2479],{"class":101},[50,39656,788],{"class":64},[50,39658,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678,39680,39683,39685,39687,39689],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39660,119],{"class":118},[50,39662,122],{"class":64},[50,39664,8119],{"class":1779},[50,39666,122],{"class":64},[50,39668,39669],{"class":118},"map",[50,39671,122],{"class":64},[50,39673,37468],{"class":2085},[50,39675,37472],{"class":37471},[50,39677,78],{"class":64},[50,39679,3903],{"class":125},[50,39681,39682],{"class":60},"*",[50,39684,3016],{"class":101},[50,39686,89],{"class":64},[50,39688,4287],{"class":125},[50,39690,1799],{"class":64},[20,39692,2091],{},[41,39694,39696],{"className":43,"code":39695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39697,39698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39699,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39701,779],{"class":64},[50,39703,2076],{"class":101},[50,39705,89],{"class":64},[50,39707,2479],{"class":101},[50,39709,89],{"class":64},[50,39711,37452],{"class":101},[50,39713,89],{"class":64},[50,39715,1158],{"class":101},[50,39717,788],{"class":64},[20,39719,39720,39721,129],{},"For the related function, see ",[380,39722,3603,39724,3536],{"href":39723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39725,39526],{},[219,39727,1857],{"id":1856},[811,39729,1861,39731,39733],{"id":39730},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39732,37384],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39735,39736,39737,39739],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39738,24580],{}," if needed.",[811,39741,39743,39744,39746],{"id":39742},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39745,37384],{}," need to return?",[20,39748,37691,39749,39751,39752,39754],{},[15,39750,3632],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39753,3702],{}," to remove it.",[811,39756,28129,39758,39760],{"id":39757},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39759,37384],{}," without lambda?",[20,39762,39763],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[811,39765,5164,39767,39770],{"id":39766},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39768,39769],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39772,39773,39774,39776,39777,17069,39779,129],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39775,1215],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39778,38],{},[15,39780,3702],{},[811,39782,1897,39784,39786],{"id":39783},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39785,37384],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39788,39789,39790,39792],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39791,5982],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39794,39795],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[233,39797,39798,39804,39810],{},[236,39799,39800,39801,39803],{},"use ",[15,39802,37384],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[236,39805,39806,39807,39809],{},"use a ",[15,39808,5982],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[236,39811,39812],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39814,39815,39816,129],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[380,39817,5154],{"href":39818},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[219,39820,1909],{"id":1908},[233,39822,39823,39828,39832,39837,39843],{},[236,39824,39825],{},[380,39826,39827],{"href":38263},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[236,39829,39830],{},[380,39831,5244],{"href":39818},[236,39833,39834],{},[380,39835,39836],{"href":38992},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[236,39838,39839],{},[380,39840,3603,39841,3536],{"href":39723},[15,39842,39526],{},[236,39844,39845],{},[380,39846,5239],{"href":5610},[1944,39848,39849],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":39851},[39852,39853,39855,39859,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39880,39892],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":37518,"depth":108,"text":39854},"What filter() does",{"id":37652,"depth":108,"text":37653,"children":39856},[39857,39858],{"id":37669,"depth":115,"text":37669},{"id":3748,"depth":115,"text":3748},{"id":37828,"depth":108,"text":37829,"children":39860},[39861],{"id":37999,"depth":115,"text":38000},{"id":38112,"depth":108,"text":39863},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38267,"depth":108,"text":39865},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38429,"depth":108,"text":39867},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38609,"depth":108,"text":39869},"When to use filter()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":39871},[39872,39874,39876,39877,39878],{"id":39002,"depth":115,"text":39873},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39135,"depth":115,"text":39875},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39260,"depth":115,"text":39261},{"id":39445,"depth":115,"text":39446},{"id":39521,"depth":115,"text":39879},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":39881},[39882,39884,39886,39888,39890],{"id":39730,"depth":115,"text":39883},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39742,"depth":115,"text":39885},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39757,"depth":115,"text":39887},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39766,"depth":115,"text":39889},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39783,"depth":115,"text":39891},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37376,"description":39893},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39900,"title":39901,"body":39902,"description":42055,"extension":1981,"meta":42056,"navigation":111,"path":42057,"seo":42058,"stem":42059,"__hash__":42060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39903,"toc":42009},[39904,39907,39912,39918,39920,39972,39974,39993,39998,40002,40007,40010,40025,40028,40050,40052,40101,40103,40127,40129,40131,40146,40151,40159,40174,40176,40185,40188,40223,40227,40232,40236,40243,40278,40280,40296,40300,40303,40344,40346,40360,40364,40367,40391,40393,40402,40406,40409,40442,40444,40457,40461,40467,40486,40488,40496,40500,40505,40509,40515,40538,40540,40569,40572,40591,40595,40598,40625,40627,40661,40665,40668,40692,40696,40707,40709,40714,40720,40722,40806,40808,40850,40853,40857,40864,40873,40929,40936,40945,40950,40954,41025,41027,41036,41040,41043,41087,41089,41098,41102,41108,41158,41162,41167,41171,41195,41197,41206,41210,41234,41236,41247,41251,41275,41277,41286,41289,41306,41312,41316,41322,41325,41330,41333,41354,41356,41388,41391,41396,41398,41409,41411,41455,41459,41466,41518,41520,41529,41533,41536,41629,41632,41656,41660,41663,41755,41760,41764,41771,41776,41800,41802,41811,41816,41839,41841,41849,41856,41879,41887,41889,41902,41912,41914,41918,41925,41929,41938,41942,41949,41953,41957,41961,41974,41976,42006],[10,39905,39901],{"id":39906},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39908,9152,39909,39911],{},[15,39910,2907],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39913,39914,39915,39917],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39916,2907],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[219,39919,2022],{"id":2021},[41,39921,39923],{"className":43,"code":39922,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39924,39925,39939,39958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39926,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935,39937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39928,119],{"class":118},[50,39930,122],{"class":64},[50,39932,2212],{"class":1779},[50,39934,122],{"class":64},[50,39936,2157],{"class":101},[50,39938,1770],{"class":64},[50,39940,39941,39943,39945,39947,39949,39951,39954,39956],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39942,119],{"class":118},[50,39944,122],{"class":64},[50,39946,2212],{"class":1779},[50,39948,122],{"class":64},[50,39950,69],{"class":68},[50,39952,39953],{"class":72},"3.14",[50,39955,69],{"class":68},[50,39957,1770],{"class":64},[50,39959,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39961,119],{"class":118},[50,39963,122],{"class":64},[50,39965,2212],{"class":1779},[50,39967,122],{"class":64},[50,39969,3632],{"class":1494},[50,39971,1770],{"class":64},[20,39973,2091],{},[41,39975,39977],{"className":43,"code":39976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39978,39979,39983,39988],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39980,39981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39982,2502],{"class":101},[50,39984,39985],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39986,39987],{"class":101},"3.14\n",[50,39989,39990],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39991,39992],{"class":101},"1.0\n",[20,39994,212,39995,39997],{},[15,39996,2907],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[219,39999,40001],{"id":40000},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40003,40004,40006],{},[15,40005,2907],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40008,40009],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[233,40011,40012,40016,40020],{},[236,40013,40014],{},[15,40015,2514],{},[236,40017,40018],{},[15,40019,39953],{},[236,40021,40022],{},[15,40023,40024],{},"0.5",[20,40026,40027],{},"A few key points:",[233,40029,40030,40037,40040,40043],{},[236,40031,40032,40034,40035],{},[15,40033,2907],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40036,2212],{},[236,40038,40039],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[236,40041,40042],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[236,40044,40045,40046],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[380,40047,40048],{"href":8245},[15,40049,2980],{},[20,40051,253],{},[41,40053,40055],{"className":43,"code":40054,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40056,40057,40077,40087],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40058,40059,40061,40063,40066,40068,40070,40073,40075],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40060,2237],{"class":56},[50,40062,61],{"class":60},[50,40064,40065],{"class":1779}," float",[50,40067,122],{"class":64},[50,40069,69],{"class":68},[50,40071,40072],{"class":72},"2.75",[50,40074,69],{"class":68},[50,40076,414],{"class":64},[50,40078,40079,40081,40083,40085],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40080,119],{"class":118},[50,40082,122],{"class":64},[50,40084,2260],{"class":125},[50,40086,414],{"class":64},[50,40088,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,40090,119],{"class":118},[50,40092,122],{"class":64},[50,40094,1780],{"class":1779},[50,40096,122],{"class":64},[50,40098,2260],{"class":125},[50,40100,1770],{"class":64},[20,40102,2091],{},[41,40104,40106],{"className":43,"code":40105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40107,40108,40113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40109,40110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40111,40112],{"class":101},"2.75\n",[50,40114,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40116,3315],{"class":60},[50,40118,3318],{"class":2085},[50,40120,3321],{"class":68},[50,40122,2212],{"class":72},[50,40124,1736],{"class":68},[50,40126,3328],{"class":60},[219,40128,387],{"id":386},[20,40130,7243],{},[41,40132,40134],{"className":43,"code":40133,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"float(value)\n",[15,40135,40136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40137,40138,40140,40142,40144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40139,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40141,122],{"class":64},[50,40143,2495],{"class":125},[50,40145,414],{"class":64},[20,40147,40148,40149,129],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40150,2907],{},[20,40152,40153,40154,40156,40157,78],{},"If you call ",[15,40155,2907],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40158,3796],{},[41,40160,40162],{"className":43,"code":40161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float())\n",[15,40163,40164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40165,40166,40168,40170,40172],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40167,119],{"class":118},[50,40169,122],{"class":64},[50,40171,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40173,1727],{"class":64},[20,40175,2091],{},[41,40177,40179],{"className":43,"code":40178,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0.0\n",[15,40180,40181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40182,40183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40184,40178],{"class":101},[20,40186,40187],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[41,40189,40191],{"className":43,"code":40190,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40192,40193,40213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40194,40195,40198,40200,40202,40204,40206,40209,40211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40196,40197],{"class":56},"price ",[50,40199,61],{"class":60},[50,40201,40065],{"class":1779},[50,40203,122],{"class":64},[50,40205,69],{"class":68},[50,40207,40208],{"class":72},"19.99",[50,40210,69],{"class":68},[50,40212,414],{"class":64},[50,40214,40215,40217,40219,40221],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40216,119],{"class":118},[50,40218,122],{"class":64},[50,40220,24949],{"class":125},[50,40222,414],{"class":64},[219,40224,40226],{"id":40225},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40228,40229,40231],{},[15,40230,2907],{}," can convert several common value types.",[811,40233,40235],{"id":40234},"integers","Integers",[20,40237,40238,40239,40242],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40240,40241],{},".0"," added:",[41,40244,40246],{"className":43,"code":40245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40247,40248,40262],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40249,40250,40252,40254,40256,40258,40260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40251,119],{"class":118},[50,40253,122],{"class":64},[50,40255,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40257,122],{"class":64},[50,40259,2157],{"class":101},[50,40261,1770],{"class":64},[50,40263,40264,40266,40268,40270,40272,40274,40276],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40265,119],{"class":118},[50,40267,122],{"class":64},[50,40269,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40271,122],{"class":64},[50,40273,2041],{"class":60},[50,40275,2076],{"class":101},[50,40277,1770],{"class":64},[20,40279,2091],{},[41,40281,40283],{"className":43,"code":40282,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40284,40285,40289],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40286,40287],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40288,2502],{"class":101},[50,40290,40291,40293],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40292,2041],{"class":60},[50,40294,40295],{"class":101},"2.0\n",[811,40297,40299],{"id":40298},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40301,40302],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[41,40304,40306],{"className":43,"code":40305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40307,40308,40326],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40309,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320,40322,40324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40311,119],{"class":118},[50,40313,122],{"class":64},[50,40315,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40317,122],{"class":64},[50,40319,69],{"class":68},[50,40321,39953],{"class":72},[50,40323,69],{"class":68},[50,40325,1770],{"class":64},[50,40327,40328,40330,40332,40334,40336,40338,40340,40342],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40329,119],{"class":118},[50,40331,122],{"class":64},[50,40333,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40335,122],{"class":64},[50,40337,69],{"class":68},[50,40339,2352],{"class":72},[50,40341,69],{"class":68},[50,40343,1770],{"class":64},[20,40345,2091],{},[41,40347,40349],{"className":43,"code":40348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40350,40351,40355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40352,40353],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40354,39987],{"class":101},[50,40356,40357],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40358,40359],{"class":101},"10.0\n",[811,40361,40363],{"id":40362},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40365,40366],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[41,40368,40370],{"className":43,"code":40369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40371,40372],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40373,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384,40387,40389],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40375,119],{"class":118},[50,40377,122],{"class":64},[50,40379,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40381,122],{"class":64},[50,40383,69],{"class":68},[50,40385,40386],{"class":72},"  8.5  ",[50,40388,69],{"class":68},[50,40390,1770],{"class":64},[20,40392,2091],{},[41,40394,40396],{"className":43,"code":40395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8.5\n",[15,40397,40398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40399,40400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40401,40395],{"class":101},[811,40403,40405],{"id":40404},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40407,40408],{},"Boolean values also work:",[41,40410,40412],{"className":43,"code":40411,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40413,40414,40428],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40415,40416,40418,40420,40422,40424,40426],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40417,119],{"class":118},[50,40419,122],{"class":64},[50,40421,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40423,122],{"class":64},[50,40425,3632],{"class":1494},[50,40427,1770],{"class":64},[50,40429,40430,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40431,119],{"class":118},[50,40433,122],{"class":64},[50,40435,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40437,122],{"class":64},[50,40439,3702],{"class":1494},[50,40441,1770],{"class":64},[20,40443,2091],{},[41,40445,40447],{"className":43,"code":40446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40448,40449,40453],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40450,40451],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40452,39992],{"class":101},[50,40454,40455],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40456,40178],{"class":101},[811,40458,40460],{"id":40459},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40462,40463,40464,40466],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40465,2907],{}," returns a float version of it:",[41,40468,40470],{"className":43,"code":40469,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40471,40472],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40473,40474,40476,40478,40480,40482,40484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40475,119],{"class":118},[50,40477,122],{"class":64},[50,40479,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40481,122],{"class":64},[50,40483,2384],{"class":101},[50,40485,1770],{"class":64},[20,40487,2091],{},[41,40489,40490],{"className":43,"code":2408,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,40491,40492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40493,40494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40495,2408],{"class":101},[219,40497,40499],{"id":40498},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40501,40502,40503,129],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40504,2907],{},[811,40506,40508],{"id":40507},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40510,40511,40512,78],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40513,40514],{},"ValueError",[41,40516,40518],{"className":43,"code":40517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40519,40520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40521,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534,40536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40523,119],{"class":118},[50,40525,122],{"class":64},[50,40527,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40529,122],{"class":64},[50,40531,69],{"class":68},[50,40533,3870],{"class":72},[50,40535,69],{"class":68},[50,40537,1770],{"class":64},[20,40539,29482],{},[41,40541,40543],{"className":43,"code":40542,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40544,40545],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40546,40547,40549,40551,40554,40556,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40548,40514],{"class":1779},[50,40550,78],{"class":64},[50,40552,40553],{"class":56}," could ",[50,40555,1262],{"class":60},[50,40557,40558],{"class":56}," convert string to ",[50,40560,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40562,78],{"class":64},[50,40564,3321],{"class":68},[50,40566,3870],{"class":72},[50,40568,29501],{"class":68},[20,40570,40571],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[41,40573,40575],{"className":43,"code":40574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40576,40577],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40578,40579,40581,40583,40585,40587,40589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40580,119],{"class":118},[50,40582,122],{"class":64},[50,40584,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40586,122],{"class":64},[50,40588,6296],{"class":68},[50,40590,1770],{"class":64},[811,40592,40594],{"id":40593},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40596,40597],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[41,40599,40601],{"className":43,"code":40600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40602,40603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40604,40605,40607,40609,40611,40613,40615,40617,40619,40621,40623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40606,119],{"class":118},[50,40608,122],{"class":64},[50,40610,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40612,3008],{"class":64},[50,40614,3011],{"class":101},[50,40616,89],{"class":64},[50,40618,3016],{"class":101},[50,40620,89],{"class":64},[50,40622,2473],{"class":101},[50,40624,3023],{"class":64},[20,40626,29482],{},[41,40628,40630],{"className":43,"code":40629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40631,40632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40633,40634,40636,40638,40640,40642,40645,40648,40651,40653,40655,40657,40659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40635,3029],{"class":1779},[50,40637,78],{"class":64},[50,40639,40065],{"class":1779},[50,40641,7391],{"class":64},[50,40643,40644],{"class":56}," argument must be a string ",[50,40646,40647],{"class":60},"or",[50,40649,40650],{"class":56}," a real number",[50,40652,89],{"class":64},[50,40654,8125],{"class":60},[50,40656,3321],{"class":68},[50,40658,8119],{"class":72},[50,40660,29501],{"class":68},[811,40662,40664],{"id":40663},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40666,40667],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[41,40669,40671],{"className":43,"code":40670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40672,40673],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40674,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40685,40688,40690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40676,119],{"class":118},[50,40678,122],{"class":64},[50,40680,2212],{"class":1779},[50,40682,122],{"class":64},[50,40684,69],{"class":68},[50,40686,40687],{"class":72},"3,14",[50,40689,69],{"class":68},[50,40691,1770],{"class":64},[20,40693,3026,40694,129],{},[15,40695,40514],{},[20,40697,40698,40699,1846,40703,129],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[380,40700,40702],{"href":40701},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[380,40704,40706],{"href":40705},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[219,40708,17411],{"id":17410},[20,40710,40711,40713],{},[15,40712,2907],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40715,40716,40717,40719],{},"It does ",[997,40718,1262],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40721,253],{},[41,40723,40725],{"className":43,"code":40724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40726,40727,40740,40754,40758,40768,40778,40792],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40728,40729,40731,40733,40735,40738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40730,34492],{"class":56},[50,40732,61],{"class":60},[50,40734,81],{"class":68},[50,40736,40737],{"class":72},"6.5",[50,40739,3384],{"class":68},[50,40741,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40743,2237],{"class":56},[50,40745,61],{"class":60},[50,40747,40065],{"class":1779},[50,40749,122],{"class":64},[50,40751,34513],{"class":125},[50,40753,414],{"class":64},[50,40755,40756],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,40757,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,40759,40760,40762,40764,40766],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,40761,119],{"class":118},[50,40763,122],{"class":64},[50,40765,34513],{"class":125},[50,40767,414],{"class":64},[50,40769,40770,40772,40774,40776],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,40771,119],{"class":118},[50,40773,122],{"class":64},[50,40775,2260],{"class":125},[50,40777,414],{"class":64},[50,40779,40780,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,40781,119],{"class":118},[50,40783,122],{"class":64},[50,40785,1780],{"class":1779},[50,40787,122],{"class":64},[50,40789,34513],{"class":125},[50,40791,1770],{"class":64},[50,40793,40794,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,40795,119],{"class":118},[50,40797,122],{"class":64},[50,40799,1780],{"class":1779},[50,40801,122],{"class":64},[50,40803,2260],{"class":125},[50,40805,1770],{"class":64},[20,40807,2091],{},[41,40809,40811],{"className":43,"code":40810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40812,40813,40818,40822,40836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40814,40815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40816,40817],{"class":101},"6.5\n",[50,40819,40820],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40821,40817],{"class":101},[50,40823,40824,40826,40828,40830,40832,40834],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,40825,3315],{"class":60},[50,40827,3318],{"class":2085},[50,40829,3321],{"class":68},[50,40831,3470],{"class":72},[50,40833,1736],{"class":68},[50,40835,3328],{"class":60},[50,40837,40838,40840,40842,40844,40846,40848],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,40839,3315],{"class":60},[50,40841,3318],{"class":2085},[50,40843,3321],{"class":68},[50,40845,2212],{"class":72},[50,40847,1736],{"class":68},[50,40849,3328],{"class":60},[20,40851,40852],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[219,40854,40856],{"id":40855},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[811,40858,40860,40861,40863],{"id":40859},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40862,2980],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40865,228,40866,40870,40871,129],{},[380,40867,40868,2324],{"href":8245},[15,40869,2980],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40872,2907],{},[41,40874,40876],{"className":43,"code":40875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40877,40878,40897,40911,40915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40879,40880,40882,40884,40886,40888,40890,40893,40895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40881,8263],{"class":56},[50,40883,61],{"class":60},[50,40885,8268],{"class":118},[50,40887,122],{"class":64},[50,40889,69],{"class":68},[50,40891,40892],{"class":72},"Enter a price: ",[50,40894,69],{"class":68},[50,40896,414],{"class":64},[50,40898,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907,40909],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40900,40197],{"class":56},[50,40902,61],{"class":60},[50,40904,40065],{"class":1779},[50,40906,122],{"class":64},[50,40908,8292],{"class":125},[50,40910,414],{"class":64},[50,40912,40913],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,40914,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,40916,40917,40919,40921,40923,40925,40927],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,40918,119],{"class":118},[50,40920,122],{"class":64},[50,40922,40197],{"class":125},[50,40924,39682],{"class":60},[50,40926,3016],{"class":101},[50,40928,414],{"class":64},[20,40930,40931,40932,40935],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40933,40934],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[41,40937,40939],{"className":43,"code":40938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"9.0\n",[15,40940,40941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40942,40943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40944,40938],{"class":101},[20,40946,40947,40948,129],{},"For more help with this, see ",[380,40949,9010],{"href":9009},[811,40951,40953],{"id":40952},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[41,40955,40957],{"className":43,"code":40956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40958,40959,40972,40985,40989,41014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40960,40961,40963,40965,40967,40970],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40962,2577],{"class":56},[50,40964,61],{"class":60},[50,40966,81],{"class":68},[50,40968,40969],{"class":72},"2.5",[50,40971,3384],{"class":68},[50,40973,40974,40976,40978,40980,40983],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40975,2605],{"class":56},[50,40977,61],{"class":60},[50,40979,81],{"class":68},[50,40981,40982],{"class":72},"1.5",[50,40984,3384],{"class":68},[50,40986,40987],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,40988,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,40990,40991,40994,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004,41006,41008,41010,41012],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,40992,40993],{"class":56},"total ",[50,40995,61],{"class":60},[50,40997,40065],{"class":1779},[50,40999,122],{"class":64},[50,41001,380],{"class":125},[50,41003,1206],{"class":64},[50,41005,2476],{"class":60},[50,41007,40065],{"class":1779},[50,41009,122],{"class":64},[50,41011,4784],{"class":125},[50,41013,414],{"class":64},[50,41015,41016,41018,41020,41023],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,41017,119],{"class":118},[50,41019,122],{"class":64},[50,41021,41022],{"class":125},"total",[50,41024,414],{"class":64},[20,41026,2091],{},[41,41028,41030],{"className":43,"code":41029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4.0\n",[15,41031,41032],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41033,41034],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41035,41029],{"class":101},[811,41037,41039],{"id":41038},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41041,41042],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[41,41044,41046],{"className":43,"code":41045,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41047,41048,41058,41073,41077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41049,41050,41053,41055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41051,41052],{"class":56},"count ",[50,41054,61],{"class":60},[50,41056,41057],{"class":101}," 7\n",[50,41059,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068,41071],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41061,2250],{"class":56},[50,41063,61],{"class":60},[50,41065,40065],{"class":1779},[50,41067,122],{"class":64},[50,41069,41070],{"class":125},"count",[50,41072,414],{"class":64},[50,41074,41075],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41076,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41078,41079,41081,41083,41085],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,41080,119],{"class":118},[50,41082,122],{"class":64},[50,41084,2285],{"class":125},[50,41086,414],{"class":64},[20,41088,2091],{},[41,41090,41092],{"className":43,"code":41091,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.0\n",[15,41093,41094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41095,41096],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41097,41091],{"class":101},[811,41099,41101],{"id":41100},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41103,41104,41105,41107],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41106,2907],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[41,41109,41111],{"className":43,"code":41110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41112,41113,41127,41143,41147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41114,41115,41118,41120,41122,41125],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41116,41117],{"class":56},"temperature_text ",[50,41119,61],{"class":60},[50,41121,81],{"class":68},[50,41123,41124],{"class":72},"21.8",[50,41126,3384],{"class":68},[50,41128,41129,41132,41134,41136,41138,41141],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41130,41131],{"class":56},"temperature ",[50,41133,61],{"class":60},[50,41135,40065],{"class":1779},[50,41137,122],{"class":64},[50,41139,41140],{"class":125},"temperature_text",[50,41142,414],{"class":64},[50,41144,41145],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41146,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41148,41149,41151,41153,41156],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,41150,119],{"class":118},[50,41152,122],{"class":64},[50,41154,41155],{"class":125},"temperature",[50,41157,414],{"class":64},[219,41159,41161],{"id":41160},"special-values","Special values",[20,41163,41164,41166],{},[15,41165,2907],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[811,41168,41170],{"id":41169},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[41,41172,41174],{"className":43,"code":41173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41175,41176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41177,41178,41180,41182,41184,41186,41188,41191,41193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41179,119],{"class":118},[50,41181,122],{"class":64},[50,41183,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41185,122],{"class":64},[50,41187,69],{"class":68},[50,41189,41190],{"class":72},"inf",[50,41192,69],{"class":68},[50,41194,1770],{"class":64},[20,41196,2091],{},[41,41198,41200],{"className":43,"code":41199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"inf\n",[15,41201,41202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41203,41204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41205,41199],{"class":56},[811,41207,41209],{"id":41208},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[41,41211,41213],{"className":43,"code":41212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41214,41215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41216,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225,41227,41230,41232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41218,119],{"class":118},[50,41220,122],{"class":64},[50,41222,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41224,122],{"class":64},[50,41226,69],{"class":68},[50,41228,41229],{"class":72},"-inf",[50,41231,69],{"class":68},[50,41233,1770],{"class":64},[20,41235,2091],{},[41,41237,41239],{"className":43,"code":41238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-inf\n",[15,41240,41241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41242,41243,41245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41244,2041],{"class":60},[50,41246,41199],{"class":56},[811,41248,41250],{"id":41249},"not-a-number","Not a number",[41,41252,41254],{"className":43,"code":41253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41255,41256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41257,41258,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268,41271,41273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41259,119],{"class":118},[50,41261,122],{"class":64},[50,41263,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41265,122],{"class":64},[50,41267,69],{"class":68},[50,41269,41270],{"class":72},"nan",[50,41272,69],{"class":68},[50,41274,1770],{"class":64},[20,41276,2091],{},[41,41278,41280],{"className":43,"code":41279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nan\n",[15,41281,41282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41283,41284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41285,41279],{"class":56},[20,41287,41288],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[233,41290,41291,41296,41301],{},[236,41292,41293,41295],{},[15,41294,41190],{}," means positive infinity",[236,41297,41298,41300],{},[15,41299,41229],{}," means negative infinity",[236,41302,41303,41305],{},[15,41304,41270],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41307,41308,41309,41311],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41310,2907],{}," accepts them.",[219,41313,41315],{"id":41314},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41317,41318,41319,41321],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41320,2907],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[811,41323,40514],{"id":41324},"valueerror",[20,41326,15193,41327,41329],{},[15,41328,40514],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41331,41332],{},"Common causes:",[233,41334,41335,41341,41344,41347],{},[236,41336,41337,41338],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41339,41340],{},"\"abc\"",[236,41342,41343],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[236,41345,41346],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[236,41348,1678,41349],{},[380,41350,41351,41353],{"href":8245},[15,41352,2980],{}," returns a string",[20,41355,253],{},[41,41357,41359],{"className":43,"code":41358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41360,41361,41374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41362,41363,41365,41367,41369,41372],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41364,2468],{"class":56},[50,41366,61],{"class":60},[50,41368,81],{"class":68},[50,41370,41371],{"class":72},"abc",[50,41373,3384],{"class":68},[50,41375,41376,41378,41380,41382,41384,41386],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41377,119],{"class":118},[50,41379,122],{"class":64},[50,41381,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41383,122],{"class":64},[50,41385,2495],{"class":125},[50,41387,1770],{"class":64},[811,41389,3029],{"id":41390},"typeerror",[20,41392,15193,41393,41395],{},[15,41394,3029],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41397,41332],{},[233,41399,41400,41403,41406],{},[236,41401,41402],{},"Passing a list",[236,41404,41405],{},"Passing a dictionary",[236,41407,41408],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41410,253],{},[41,41412,41414],{"className":43,"code":41413,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41415,41416,41441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41417,41418,41420,41422,41424,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434,41437,41439],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41419,2468],{"class":56},[50,41421,61],{"class":60},[50,41423,65],{"class":64},[50,41425,69],{"class":68},[50,41427,24949],{"class":72},[50,41429,69],{"class":68},[50,41431,78],{"class":64},[50,41433,81],{"class":68},[50,41435,41436],{"class":72},"9.99",[50,41438,69],{"class":68},[50,41440,105],{"class":64},[50,41442,41443,41445,41447,41449,41451,41453],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41444,119],{"class":118},[50,41446,122],{"class":64},[50,41448,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41450,122],{"class":64},[50,41452,2495],{"class":125},[50,41454,1770],{"class":64},[811,41456,41458],{"id":41457},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41460,41461,41462,41465],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41463,41464],{},"strip()"," can help:",[41,41467,41469],{"className":43,"code":41468,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41470,41471,41484,41499,41503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41472,41473,41475,41477,41479,41482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41474,2468],{"class":56},[50,41476,61],{"class":60},[50,41478,81],{"class":68},[50,41480,41481],{"class":72},"  7.25  ",[50,41483,3384],{"class":68},[50,41485,41486,41489,41491,41493,41495,41497],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41487,41488],{"class":56},"clean_value ",[50,41490,61],{"class":60},[50,41492,8460],{"class":56},[50,41494,129],{"class":64},[50,41496,8662],{"class":125},[50,41498,8671],{"class":64},[50,41500,41501],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41502,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41504,41505,41507,41509,41511,41513,41516],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,41506,119],{"class":118},[50,41508,122],{"class":64},[50,41510,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41512,122],{"class":64},[50,41514,41515],{"class":125},"clean_value",[50,41517,1770],{"class":64},[20,41519,2091],{},[41,41521,41523],{"className":43,"code":41522,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.25\n",[15,41524,41525],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41526,41527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41528,41522],{"class":101},[811,41530,41532],{"id":41531},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41534,41535],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[41,41537,41539],{"className":43,"code":41538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41540,41541,41554,41558,41568,41582,41597,41601,41615],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41542,41543,41545,41547,41549,41552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41544,2468],{"class":56},[50,41546,61],{"class":60},[50,41548,81],{"class":68},[50,41550,41551],{"class":72}," 3.5 ",[50,41553,3384],{"class":68},[50,41555,41556],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41557,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41559,41560,41562,41564,41566],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41561,119],{"class":118},[50,41563,122],{"class":64},[50,41565,2495],{"class":125},[50,41567,414],{"class":64},[50,41569,41570,41572,41574,41576,41578,41580],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,41571,119],{"class":118},[50,41573,122],{"class":64},[50,41575,1780],{"class":1779},[50,41577,122],{"class":64},[50,41579,2495],{"class":125},[50,41581,1770],{"class":64},[50,41583,41584,41586,41588,41591,41593,41595],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,41585,119],{"class":118},[50,41587,122],{"class":64},[50,41589,41590],{"class":118},"repr",[50,41592,122],{"class":64},[50,41594,2495],{"class":125},[50,41596,1770],{"class":64},[50,41598,41599],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,41600,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41602,41603,41605,41607,41609,41611,41613],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,41604,41488],{"class":56},[50,41606,61],{"class":60},[50,41608,8460],{"class":56},[50,41610,129],{"class":64},[50,41612,8662],{"class":125},[50,41614,8671],{"class":64},[50,41616,41617,41619,41621,41623,41625,41627],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,41618,119],{"class":118},[50,41620,122],{"class":64},[50,41622,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41624,122],{"class":64},[50,41626,41515],{"class":125},[50,41628,1770],{"class":64},[20,41630,41631],{},"Why this helps:",[233,41633,41634,41640,41645,41651],{},[236,41635,41636,41639],{},[15,41637,41638],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[236,41641,41642,1834],{},[15,41643,41644],{},"print(type(value))",[236,41646,41647,41650],{},[15,41648,41649],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[236,41652,41653,41655],{},[15,41654,41464],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[811,41657,41659],{"id":41658},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41661,41662],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[41,41664,41666],{"className":43,"code":41665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41667,41668,41687,41691,41697,41712,41731,41740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41669,41670,41672,41674,41676,41678,41680,41683,41685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41671,2468],{"class":56},[50,41673,61],{"class":60},[50,41675,8268],{"class":118},[50,41677,122],{"class":64},[50,41679,69],{"class":68},[50,41681,41682],{"class":72},"Enter a number: ",[50,41684,69],{"class":68},[50,41686,414],{"class":64},[50,41688,41689],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41690,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41692,41693,41695],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41694,29605],{"class":1622},[50,41696,6417],{"class":64},[50,41698,41699,41702,41704,41706,41708,41710],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,41700,41701],{"class":56},"    number ",[50,41703,61],{"class":60},[50,41705,40065],{"class":1779},[50,41707,122],{"class":64},[50,41709,2495],{"class":125},[50,41711,414],{"class":64},[50,41713,41714,41716,41718,41720,41723,41725,41727,41729],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,41715,8094],{"class":118},[50,41717,122],{"class":64},[50,41719,69],{"class":68},[50,41721,41722],{"class":72},"Converted:",[50,41724,69],{"class":68},[50,41726,89],{"class":64},[50,41728,2217],{"class":125},[50,41730,414],{"class":64},[50,41732,41733,41735,41738],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,41734,29636],{"class":1622},[50,41736,41737],{"class":1779}," ValueError",[50,41739,6417],{"class":64},[50,41741,41742,41744,41746,41748,41751,41753],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,41743,8094],{"class":118},[50,41745,122],{"class":64},[50,41747,69],{"class":68},[50,41749,41750],{"class":72},"That is not a valid number.",[50,41752,69],{"class":68},[50,41754,414],{"class":64},[20,41756,41757,41758,129],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[380,41759,40706],{"href":40705},[219,41761,41763],{"id":41762},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41765,10613,41766,1846,41768,41770],{},[15,41767,2907],{},[15,41769,2900],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41772,41773,41775],{},[15,41774,2907],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[41,41777,41779],{"className":43,"code":41778,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41780,41781],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41782,41783,41785,41787,41789,41791,41793,41796,41798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41784,119],{"class":118},[50,41786,122],{"class":64},[50,41788,2212],{"class":1779},[50,41790,122],{"class":64},[50,41792,69],{"class":68},[50,41794,41795],{"class":72},"3.9",[50,41797,69],{"class":68},[50,41799,1770],{"class":64},[20,41801,2091],{},[41,41803,41805],{"className":43,"code":41804,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.9\n",[15,41806,41807],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41808,41809],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41810,41804],{"class":101},[20,41812,41813,41815],{},[15,41814,2900],{}," creates whole numbers:",[41,41817,41819],{"className":43,"code":41818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41820,41821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41822,41823,41825,41827,41829,41831,41833,41835,41837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41824,119],{"class":118},[50,41826,122],{"class":64},[50,41828,2209],{"class":1779},[50,41830,122],{"class":64},[50,41832,69],{"class":68},[50,41834,2352],{"class":72},[50,41836,69],{"class":68},[50,41838,1770],{"class":64},[20,41840,2091],{},[41,41842,41843],{"className":43,"code":2398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,41844,41845],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41846,41847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41848,2398],{"class":101},[20,41850,41851,41852,41855],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41853,41854],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[41,41857,41859],{"className":43,"code":41858,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41860,41861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41862,41863,41865,41867,41869,41871,41873,41875,41877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41864,119],{"class":118},[50,41866,122],{"class":64},[50,41868,2209],{"class":1779},[50,41870,122],{"class":64},[50,41872,69],{"class":68},[50,41874,41795],{"class":72},[50,41876,69],{"class":68},[50,41878,1770],{"class":64},[20,41880,3026,41881,8629,41883,41886],{},[15,41882,40514],{},[15,41884,41885],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41888,10735],{},[233,41890,41891,41897],{},[236,41892,41893,41896],{},[15,41894,41895],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[236,41898,41899,41901],{},[15,41900,41854],{}," fails",[20,41903,41904,41905,41908,41909,41911],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[380,41906,41907],{"href":2897},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[380,41910,2441],{"href":2440}," helpful.",[219,41913,1857],{"id":1856},[811,41915,41917],{"id":41916},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41919,41920,41921,2901,41923,129],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41922,2514],{},[15,41924,39953],{},[811,41926,41928],{"id":41927},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41930,41931,41932,2901,41935,129],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41933,41934],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41936,41937],{},"\"10\"",[811,41939,41941],{"id":41940},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41943,28862,41944,41946,41947,129],{},[15,41945,41340],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41948,40514],{},[811,41950,41952],{"id":41951},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41954,5170,41955,129],{},[15,41956,3796],{},[811,41958,41960],{"id":41959},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41962,41963,41964,41966,41967,1846,41970,41966,41972,129],{},"Yes. ",[15,41965,3632],{}," becomes ",[15,41968,41969],{},"1.0",[15,41971,3702],{},[15,41973,3796],{},[219,41975,1909],{"id":1908},[233,41977,41978,41982,41988,41993,41997,42001],{},[236,41979,41980],{},[380,41981,41907],{"href":2897},[236,41983,41984],{},[380,41985,41987],{"href":41986},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[236,41989,41990],{},[380,41991,41992],{"href":40701},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[236,41994,41995],{},[380,41996,9087],{"href":9009},[236,41998,41999],{},[380,42000,40706],{"href":40705},[236,42002,42003],{},[380,42004,42005],{"href":8245},"Python input() Function Explained",[1944,42007,42008],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":42010},[42011,42012,42013,42014,42021,42026,42027,42034,42039,42046,42047,42054],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":40000,"depth":108,"text":40001},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":40225,"depth":108,"text":40226,"children":42015},[42016,42017,42018,42019,42020],{"id":40234,"depth":115,"text":40235},{"id":40298,"depth":115,"text":40299},{"id":40362,"depth":115,"text":40363},{"id":40404,"depth":115,"text":40405},{"id":40459,"depth":115,"text":40460},{"id":40498,"depth":108,"text":40499,"children":42022},[42023,42024,42025],{"id":40507,"depth":115,"text":40508},{"id":40593,"depth":115,"text":40594},{"id":40663,"depth":115,"text":40664},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":40855,"depth":108,"text":40856,"children":42028},[42029,42031,42032,42033],{"id":40859,"depth":115,"text":42030},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40952,"depth":115,"text":40953},{"id":41038,"depth":115,"text":41039},{"id":41100,"depth":115,"text":41101},{"id":41160,"depth":108,"text":41161,"children":42035},[42036,42037,42038],{"id":41169,"depth":115,"text":41170},{"id":41208,"depth":115,"text":41209},{"id":41249,"depth":115,"text":41250},{"id":41314,"depth":108,"text":41315,"children":42040},[42041,42042,42043,42044,42045],{"id":41324,"depth":115,"text":40514},{"id":41390,"depth":115,"text":3029},{"id":41457,"depth":115,"text":41458},{"id":41531,"depth":115,"text":41532},{"id":41658,"depth":115,"text":41659},{"id":41762,"depth":108,"text":41763},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":42048},[42049,42050,42051,42052,42053],{"id":41916,"depth":115,"text":41917},{"id":41927,"depth":115,"text":41928},{"id":41940,"depth":115,"text":41941},{"id":41951,"depth":115,"text":41952},{"id":41959,"depth":115,"text":41960},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39901,"description":42055},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42062,"title":42063,"body":42064,"description":43285,"extension":1981,"meta":43286,"navigation":111,"path":34829,"seo":43287,"stem":43288,"__hash__":43289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42065,"toc":43251},[42066,42069,42074,42077,42079,42118,42132,42136,42141,42144,42161,42164,42174,42189,42192,42194,42197,42213,42216,42219,42239,42243,42254,42257,42261,42265,42279,42314,42318,42329,42364,42367,42369,42377,42410,42426,42428,42438,42459,42470,42472,42477,42480,42494,42496,42515,42518,42531,42534,42538,42542,42556,42559,42577,42580,42595,42599,42604,42618,42624,42626,42683,42685,42718,42721,42737,42741,42748,42752,42757,42760,42771,42775,42780,42795,42804,42809,42828,42831,42843,42845,42850,42860,42863,42892,42897,42906,42910,42915,42918,42922,42927,42929,42959,42962,42969,42974,42979,42983,42986,42994,42997,43075,43078,43100,43102,43106,43109,43113,43119,43182,43186,43194,43198,43201,43203,43228,43248],[10,42067,42063],{"id":42068},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42070,3610,42071,42073],{},[15,42072,34832],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42075,42076],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[219,42078,2022],{"id":2021},[41,42080,42082],{"className":43,"code":42081,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42083,42084,42094,42104],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42085,42086,42088,42090,42092],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42087,31955],{"class":118},[50,42089,122],{"class":64},[50,42091,11181],{"class":118},[50,42093,414],{"class":64},[50,42095,42096,42098,42100,42102],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42097,31955],{"class":118},[50,42099,122],{"class":64},[50,42101,3470],{"class":1779},[50,42103,414],{"class":64},[50,42105,42106,42108,42110,42112,42114,42116],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,42107,31955],{"class":118},[50,42109,122],{"class":64},[50,42111,1736],{"class":68},[50,42113,34463],{"class":72},[50,42115,1736],{"class":68},[50,42117,414],{"class":64},[20,42119,212,42120,42122,42123,2901,42125,42127,42128,42131],{},[15,42121,34832],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42124,11181],{},[15,42126,3470],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42129,42130],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[219,42133,42135],{"id":42134},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42137,42138,42140],{},[15,42139,34832],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42142,42143],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[233,42145,42146,42149,42152,42155,42158],{},[236,42147,42148],{},"Functions",[236,42150,42151],{},"Classes",[236,42153,42154],{},"Methods",[236,42156,42157],{},"Modules",[236,42159,42160],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42162,42163],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42165,42166,42167,42173],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[380,42168,42170],{"href":42169},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42171,42172],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[41,42175,42177],{"className":43,"code":42176,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\n",[15,42178,42179],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42180,42181,42183,42185,42187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42182,31955],{"class":118},[50,42184,122],{"class":64},[50,42186,11181],{"class":118},[50,42188,414],{"class":64},[20,42190,42191],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[219,42193,387],{"id":386},[20,42195,42196],{},"The main form is:",[41,42198,42200],{"className":43,"code":42199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(object)\n",[15,42201,42202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42203,42204,42206,42208,42211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42205,31955],{"class":118},[50,42207,122],{"class":64},[50,42209,42210],{"class":1779},"object",[50,42212,414],{"class":64},[20,42214,42215],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42217,42218],{},"Common examples include:",[233,42220,42221,42225,42230,42234],{},[236,42222,42223],{},[15,42224,11181],{},[236,42226,42227],{},[15,42228,42229],{},"list.append",[236,42231,42232],{},[15,42233,3470],{},[236,42235,42236],{},[15,42237,42238],{},"open",[20,42240,7201,42241,7204],{},[15,42242,34832],{},[41,42244,42246],{"className":43,"code":42245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help()\n",[15,42247,42248],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42249,42250,42252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42251,31955],{"class":118},[50,42253,8671],{"class":64},[20,42255,42256],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[219,42258,42260],{"id":42259},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[811,42262,42264],{"id":42263},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42266,42267,42268,32,42270,32,42272,17069,42275,129],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42269,11181],{},[15,42271,119],{},[15,42273,42274],{},"input",[380,42276,42277],{"href":2320},[15,42278,2323],{},[41,42280,42282],{"className":43,"code":42281,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42283,42284,42294,42304],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42285,42286,42288,42290,42292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42287,31955],{"class":118},[50,42289,122],{"class":64},[50,42291,119],{"class":118},[50,42293,414],{"class":64},[50,42295,42296,42298,42300,42302],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42297,31955],{"class":118},[50,42299,122],{"class":64},[50,42301,42274],{"class":118},[50,42303,414],{"class":64},[50,42305,42306,42308,42310,42312],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,42307,31955],{"class":118},[50,42309,122],{"class":64},[50,42311,1780],{"class":1779},[50,42313,414],{"class":64},[811,42315,42317],{"id":42316},"data-types","Data types",[20,42319,42320,42321,32,42323,32,42325,17069,42327,129],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42322,3470],{},[15,42324,8119],{},[15,42326,8850],{},[15,42328,6311],{},[41,42330,42332],{"className":43,"code":42331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42333,42334,42344,42354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42335,42336,42338,42340,42342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42337,31955],{"class":118},[50,42339,122],{"class":64},[50,42341,3470],{"class":1779},[50,42343,414],{"class":64},[50,42345,42346,42348,42350,42352],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42347,31955],{"class":118},[50,42349,122],{"class":64},[50,42351,8119],{"class":1779},[50,42353,414],{"class":64},[50,42355,42356,42358,42360,42362],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,42357,31955],{"class":118},[50,42359,122],{"class":64},[50,42361,8850],{"class":1779},[50,42363,414],{"class":64},[20,42365,42366],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[811,42368,42154],{"id":34310},[20,42370,42371,42372,1846,42375,129],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42373,42374],{},"str.split",[15,42376,42229],{},[41,42378,42380],{"className":43,"code":42379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42381,42382,42396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42383,42384,42386,42388,42390,42392,42394],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42385,31955],{"class":118},[50,42387,122],{"class":64},[50,42389,3470],{"class":1779},[50,42391,129],{"class":64},[50,42393,34273],{"class":24549},[50,42395,414],{"class":64},[50,42397,42398,42400,42402,42404,42406,42408],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42399,31955],{"class":118},[50,42401,122],{"class":64},[50,42403,8119],{"class":1779},[50,42405,129],{"class":64},[50,42407,13561],{"class":24549},[50,42409,414],{"class":64},[20,42411,42412,42413,8733,42415,28114,42420,42422,42423,42425],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42414,34832],{},[380,42416,42418],{"href":42417},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42419,34115],{},[15,42421,34115],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42424,34832],{}," explains one of them.",[811,42427,42157],{"id":34463},[20,42429,42430,42431,32,42433,17069,42435,129],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42432,1137],{},[15,42434,34995],{},[15,42436,42437],{},"os",[41,42439,42441],{"className":43,"code":42440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42442,42443,42449],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42444,42445,42447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42446,34896],{"class":1622},[50,42448,34899],{"class":56},[50,42450,42451,42453,42455,42457],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42452,31955],{"class":118},[50,42454,122],{"class":64},[50,42456,1137],{"class":125},[50,42458,414],{"class":64},[20,42460,42461,42462,42466,42467,129],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[380,42463,42465],{"href":42464},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[380,42468,34962],{"href":42469},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[219,42471,34723],{"id":34722},[20,42473,42474,42476],{},[15,42475,34832],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42478,42479],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[233,42481,42482,42485,42488,42491],{},[236,42483,42484],{},"The function signature",[236,42486,42487],{},"The short description",[236,42489,42490],{},"Parameter names",[236,42492,42493],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42495,5495],{},[41,42497,42499],{"className":43,"code":42498,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42500,42501],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42502,42503,42505,42507,42509,42511,42513],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42504,31955],{"class":118},[50,42506,122],{"class":64},[50,42508,3470],{"class":1779},[50,42510,129],{"class":64},[50,42512,34273],{"class":24549},[50,42514,414],{"class":64},[20,42516,42517],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[233,42519,42520,42523,42526,42528],{},[236,42521,42522],{},"What object this is",[236,42524,42525],{},"What arguments it accepts",[236,42527,21768],{},[236,42529,42530],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42532,42533],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[219,42535,42537],{"id":42536},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42539,42540,29675],{},[15,42541,34832],{},[233,42543,42544,42547,42550,42553],{},[236,42545,42546],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[236,42548,42549],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[236,42551,42552],{},"You are exploring a new module",[236,42554,42555],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42557,42558],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[41,42560,42561],{"className":43,"code":42498,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,42562,42563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42564,42565,42567,42569,42571,42573,42575],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42566,31955],{"class":118},[50,42568,122],{"class":64},[50,42570,3470],{"class":1779},[50,42572,129],{"class":64},[50,42574,34273],{"class":24549},[50,42576,414],{"class":64},[20,42578,42579],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[41,42581,42583],{"className":43,"code":42582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(open)\n",[15,42584,42585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42586,42587,42589,42591,42593],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42588,31955],{"class":118},[50,42590,122],{"class":64},[50,42592,42238],{"class":118},[50,42594,414],{"class":64},[219,42596,42598],{"id":42597},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42600,42601,42603],{},[15,42602,34832],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[233,42605,42606,42609,42612,42615],{},[236,42607,42608],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[236,42610,42611],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[236,42613,42614],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[236,42616,42617],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42619,42620,42621,42623],{},"So, ",[15,42622,34832],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42625,5495],{},[41,42627,42629],{"className":43,"code":42628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42630,42631,42644,42668,42672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42632,42633,42635,42637,42639,42642],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42634,34492],{"class":56},[50,42636,61],{"class":60},[50,42638,81],{"class":68},[50,42640,42641],{"class":72},"a,b,c",[50,42643,3384],{"class":68},[50,42645,42646,42649,42651,42654,42656,42658,42660,42662,42664,42666],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42647,42648],{"class":56},"parts ",[50,42650,61],{"class":60},[50,42652,42653],{"class":56}," text",[50,42655,129],{"class":64},[50,42657,34273],{"class":125},[50,42659,122],{"class":64},[50,42661,69],{"class":68},[50,42663,89],{"class":72},[50,42665,69],{"class":68},[50,42667,414],{"class":64},[50,42669,42670],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,42671,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,42673,42674,42676,42678,42681],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,42675,119],{"class":118},[50,42677,122],{"class":64},[50,42679,42680],{"class":125},"parts",[50,42682,414],{"class":64},[20,42684,5583],{},[41,42686,42688],{"className":43,"code":42687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42689,42690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42691,42692,42694,42696,42698,42700,42702,42704,42706,42708,42710,42712,42714,42716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42693,779],{"class":64},[50,42695,1736],{"class":68},[50,42697,380],{"class":72},[50,42699,1736],{"class":68},[50,42701,89],{"class":64},[50,42703,3321],{"class":68},[50,42705,4784],{"class":72},[50,42707,1736],{"class":68},[50,42709,89],{"class":64},[50,42711,3321],{"class":68},[50,42713,9763],{"class":72},[50,42715,1736],{"class":68},[50,42717,788],{"class":64},[20,42719,42720],{},"A good workflow is:",[28514,42722,42723,42728,42731,42734],{},[236,42724,212,42725,42727],{},[15,42726,34832],{}," to inspect something",[236,42729,42730],{},"Write a tiny example",[236,42732,42733],{},"Check the result",[236,42735,42736],{},"Repeat",[219,42738,42740],{"id":42739},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42742,42743,1846,42745,42747],{},[15,42744,34832],{},[15,42746,34115],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[811,42749,42750],{"id":31955},[15,42751,34832],{},[20,42753,212,42754,42756],{},[15,42755,34832],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42758,42759],{},"It tells you:",[233,42761,42762,42765,42768],{},[236,42763,42764],{},"What something is",[236,42766,42767],{},"How to use it",[236,42769,42770],{},"What parameters it accepts",[811,42772,42773],{"id":34176},[15,42774,34115],{},[20,42776,212,42777,42779],{},[15,42778,34115],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[41,42781,42783],{"className":43,"code":42782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dir(str)\n",[15,42784,42785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42786,42787,42789,42791,42793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42788,34176],{"class":118},[50,42790,122],{"class":64},[50,42792,3470],{"class":1779},[50,42794,414],{"class":64},[20,42796,42797,42798,32,42800,17069,42802,129],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42799,34273],{},[15,42801,8662],{},[15,42803,8668],{},[20,42805,42806,42807,78],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42808,34832],{},[41,42810,42812],{"className":43,"code":42811,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42813,42814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42815,42816,42818,42820,42822,42824,42826],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42817,31955],{"class":118},[50,42819,122],{"class":64},[50,42821,3470],{"class":1779},[50,42823,129],{"class":64},[50,42825,8668],{"class":24549},[50,42827,414],{"class":64},[20,42829,42830],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[233,42832,42833,42838],{},[236,42834,212,42835,42837],{},[15,42836,34115],{}," to discover options",[236,42839,212,42840,42842],{},[15,42841,34832],{}," to understand one option",[219,42844,1663],{"id":1662},[20,42846,42847,42848,129],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42849,34832],{},[811,42851,8444,42853,42856,42857],{"id":42852},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42854,42855],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42858,42859],{},"help(len)",[20,42861,42862],{},"These are not always the same.",[41,42864,42866],{"className":43,"code":42865,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42867,42868,42878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42869,42870,42872,42874,42876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42871,31955],{"class":118},[50,42873,122],{"class":64},[50,42875,11181],{"class":118},[50,42877,414],{"class":64},[50,42879,42880,42882,42884,42886,42888,42890],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42881,31955],{"class":118},[50,42883,122],{"class":64},[50,42885,1736],{"class":68},[50,42887,11181],{"class":72},[50,42889,1736],{"class":68},[50,42891,414],{"class":64},[20,42893,42894,42896],{},[15,42895,42859],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42898,42899,42901,42902,42905],{},[15,42900,42855],{}," treats ",[15,42903,42904],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[811,42907,42909],{"id":42908},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42911,42912,42914],{},[15,42913,34832],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42916,42917],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[811,42919,42921],{"id":42920},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42923,40153,42924,42926],{},[15,42925,34832],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42928,253],{},[41,42930,42932],{"className":43,"code":42931,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42933,42934,42944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42935,42936,42938,42940,42942],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42937,31955],{"class":118},[50,42939,122],{"class":64},[50,42941,11181],{"class":118},[50,42943,414],{"class":64},[50,42945,42946,42948,42950,42952,42955,42957],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42947,119],{"class":118},[50,42949,122],{"class":64},[50,42951,69],{"class":68},[50,42953,42954],{"class":72},"Done",[50,42956,69],{"class":68},[50,42958,414],{"class":64},[20,42960,42961],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[811,42963,37012,42965,8733,42967],{"id":42964},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42966,34832],{},[15,42968,34115],{},[20,42970,42971,42972,129],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42973,34115],{},[20,42975,42976,42977,129],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42978,34832],{},[219,42980,42982],{"id":42981},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42984,42985],{},"Open Python:",[41,42987,42988],{"className":43,"code":35348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,42989,42990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42991,42992],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42993,35348],{"class":56},[20,42995,42996],{},"Then test these commands:",[41,42998,43000],{"className":43,"code":42999,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43001,43002,43012,43026,43040,43050,43065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43003,43004,43006,43008,43010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43005,31955],{"class":118},[50,43007,122],{"class":64},[50,43009,11181],{"class":118},[50,43011,414],{"class":64},[50,43013,43014,43016,43018,43020,43022,43024],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43015,31955],{"class":118},[50,43017,122],{"class":64},[50,43019,3470],{"class":1779},[50,43021,129],{"class":64},[50,43023,34273],{"class":24549},[50,43025,414],{"class":64},[50,43027,43028,43030,43032,43034,43036,43038],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43029,31955],{"class":118},[50,43031,122],{"class":64},[50,43033,8119],{"class":1779},[50,43035,129],{"class":64},[50,43037,13561],{"class":24549},[50,43039,414],{"class":64},[50,43041,43042,43044,43046,43048],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,43043,31955],{"class":118},[50,43045,122],{"class":64},[50,43047,42238],{"class":118},[50,43049,414],{"class":64},[50,43051,43052,43054,43056,43058,43061,43063],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,43053,31955],{"class":118},[50,43055,122],{"class":64},[50,43057,1736],{"class":68},[50,43059,43060],{"class":72},"keywords",[50,43062,1736],{"class":68},[50,43064,414],{"class":64},[50,43066,43067,43069,43071,43073],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,43068,34176],{"class":118},[50,43070,122],{"class":64},[50,43072,3470],{"class":1779},[50,43074,414],{"class":64},[20,43076,43077],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[233,43079,43080,43083,43086,43089,43092,43095],{},[236,43081,43082],{},"A built-in function",[236,43084,43085],{},"A string method",[236,43087,43088],{},"A list method",[236,43090,43091],{},"A built-in file function",[236,43093,43094],{},"A special help topic",[236,43096,15193,43097,43099],{},[15,43098,34115],{}," example for comparison",[219,43101,1857],{"id":1856},[811,43103,43105],{"id":43104},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43107,43108],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[811,43110,43112],{"id":43111},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43114,43115,43116,43118],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43117,34832],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[41,43120,43122],{"className":43,"code":43121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43123,43124,43136,43149,43168,43172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43125,43126,43128,43130,43132,43134],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43127,34656],{"class":2085},[50,43129,34660],{"class":34659},[50,43131,122],{"class":64},[50,43133,73],{"class":37471},[50,43135,8368],{"class":64},[50,43137,43138,43142,43146],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43139,43141],{"class":43140},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[50,43143,43145],{"class":43144},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[50,43147,43148],{"class":43140},"\"\"\"\n",[50,43150,43151,43153,43156,43159,43161,43163,43165],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43152,34667],{"class":1622},[50,43154,43155],{"class":2085}," f",[50,43157,43158],{"class":72},"\"Hello, ",[50,43160,9304],{"class":101},[50,43162,73],{"class":56},[50,43164,22101],{"class":101},[50,43166,43167],{"class":72},"!\"\n",[50,43169,43170],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,43171,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43173,43174,43176,43178,43180],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,43175,31955],{"class":118},[50,43177,122],{"class":64},[50,43179,34702],{"class":125},[50,43181,414],{"class":64},[811,43183,43185],{"id":43184},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43187,43188,43190,43191,43193],{},[15,43189,42859],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43192,42855],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[811,43195,43197],{"id":43196},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43199,43200],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[219,43202,1909],{"id":1908},[233,43204,43205,43210,43214,43219,43224],{},[236,43206,43207],{},[380,43208,43209],{"href":42417},"Python dir() function explained",[236,43211,43212],{},[380,43213,8469],{"href":2320},[236,43215,43216],{},[380,43217,43218],{"href":42169},"Python len() function explained",[236,43220,43221],{},[380,43222,43223],{"href":42464},"How import works in Python",[236,43225,43226],{},[380,43227,34962],{"href":42469},[20,43229,43230,43231,43233,43234,32,43236,17069,43238,43240,43241,2901,43244,43247],{},"Try ",[15,43232,34832],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43235,11181],{},[15,43237,119],{},[15,43239,42274],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43242,43243],{},"dir(str)",[15,43245,43246],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1944,43249,43250],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":43252},[43253,43254,43255,43256,43262,43263,43264,43265,43269,43277,43278,43284],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":42134,"depth":108,"text":42135},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":42259,"depth":108,"text":42260,"children":43257},[43258,43259,43260,43261],{"id":42263,"depth":115,"text":42264},{"id":42316,"depth":115,"text":42317},{"id":34310,"depth":115,"text":42154},{"id":34463,"depth":115,"text":42157},{"id":34722,"depth":108,"text":34723},{"id":42536,"depth":108,"text":42537},{"id":42597,"depth":108,"text":42598},{"id":42739,"depth":108,"text":42740,"children":43266},[43267,43268],{"id":31955,"depth":115,"text":34832},{"id":34176,"depth":115,"text":34115},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":43270},[43271,43273,43274,43275],{"id":42852,"depth":115,"text":43272},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42908,"depth":115,"text":42909},{"id":42920,"depth":115,"text":42921},{"id":42964,"depth":115,"text":43276},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42981,"depth":108,"text":42982},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":43279},[43280,43281,43282,43283],{"id":43104,"depth":115,"text":43105},{"id":43111,"depth":115,"text":43112},{"id":43184,"depth":115,"text":43185},{"id":43196,"depth":115,"text":43197},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42063,"description":43285},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43291,"title":43292,"body":43293,"description":44655,"extension":1981,"meta":44656,"navigation":111,"path":44657,"seo":44658,"stem":44659,"__hash__":44660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43294,"toc":44628},[43295,43301,43306,43312,43322,43381,43391,43402,43407,43413,43415,43433,43441,43443,43445,43460,43463,43474,43476,43567,43570,43574,43579,43600,43602,43713,43715,43742,43753,43757,43760,43843,43845,43853,43859,43865,43869,43872,43982,43984,43997,44000,44014,44022,44029,44034,44048,44054,44167,44169,44230,44233,44239,44245,44248,44270,44273,44343,44346,44378,44385,44387,44390,44408,44411,44423,44429,44431,44436,44462,44465,44537,44539,44545,44548,44554,44557,44563,44573,44579,44582,44589,44592,44594,44625],[10,43296,3603,43298,3607],{"id":43297},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43299,43300],{},"id()",[20,43302,32120,43303,43305],{},[15,43304,43300],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43307,43308,43309,43311],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43310,43300],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43313,212,43314,43316,43317,43319,43320,129],{},[15,43315,43300],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[997,43318,1262],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43321,4712],{},[41,43323,43325],{"className":43,"code":43324,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43326,43327,43339,43353,43357,43367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43328,43329,43331,43333,43335,43337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43330,7903],{"class":56},[50,43332,61],{"class":60},[50,43334,81],{"class":68},[50,43336,7322],{"class":72},[50,43338,3384],{"class":68},[50,43340,43341,43343,43345,43347,43349,43351],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43342,119],{"class":118},[50,43344,122],{"class":64},[50,43346,12661],{"class":118},[50,43348,122],{"class":64},[50,43350,73],{"class":125},[50,43352,1770],{"class":64},[50,43354,43355],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43356,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43358,43359,43362,43364],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,43360,43361],{"class":56},"other ",[50,43363,61],{"class":60},[50,43365,43366],{"class":56}," name\n",[50,43368,43369,43371,43373,43375,43377,43379],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,43370,119],{"class":118},[50,43372,122],{"class":64},[50,43374,12661],{"class":118},[50,43376,122],{"class":64},[50,43378,30545],{"class":125},[50,43380,1770],{"class":64},[20,43382,43383,43384,43387,43388,43390],{},"In this example, ",[15,43385,43386],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43389,43300],{}," values match.",[43392,43393,43394],"blockquote",{},[20,43395,212,43396,43398,43399,43401],{},[15,43397,43300],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43400,4712],{}," for value comparison.",[219,43403,222,43405,225],{"id":43404},"what-id-does",[15,43406,43300],{},[20,43408,43409,43412],{},[15,43410,43411],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43414,13060],{},[233,43416,43417,43420,43427,43430],{},[236,43418,43419],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[236,43421,43422,43423,43426],{},"It shows ",[997,43424,43425],{},"object identity",", not object value",[236,43428,43429],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[236,43431,43432],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43434,43435,43436,43440],{},"This is closely related to how ",[380,43437,43439],{"href":43438},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[219,43442,387],{"id":386},[20,43444,5457],{},[41,43446,43448],{"className":43,"code":43447,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"id(object)\n",[15,43449,43450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43451,43452,43454,43456,43458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43453,12661],{"class":118},[50,43455,122],{"class":64},[50,43457,42210],{"class":1779},[50,43459,414],{"class":64},[20,43461,43462],{},"Important details:",[233,43464,43465,43468,43471],{},[236,43466,43467],{},"It takes one argument",[236,43469,43470],{},"It returns an integer",[236,43472,43473],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43475,253],{},[41,43477,43479],{"className":43,"code":43478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43480,43481,43493,43501,43521,43525,43539,43553],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43482,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43484,34492],{"class":56},[50,43486,61],{"class":60},[50,43488,81],{"class":68},[50,43490,3870],{"class":72},[50,43492,3384],{"class":68},[50,43494,43495,43497,43499],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43496,2237],{"class":56},[50,43498,61],{"class":60},[50,43500,2792],{"class":101},[50,43502,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43504,7805],{"class":56},[50,43506,61],{"class":60},[50,43508,3652],{"class":64},[50,43510,3011],{"class":101},[50,43512,89],{"class":64},[50,43514,3016],{"class":101},[50,43516,89],{"class":64},[50,43518,2473],{"class":101},[50,43520,788],{"class":64},[50,43522,43523],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,43524,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43526,43527,43529,43531,43533,43535,43537],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,43528,119],{"class":118},[50,43530,122],{"class":64},[50,43532,12661],{"class":118},[50,43534,122],{"class":64},[50,43536,34513],{"class":125},[50,43538,1770],{"class":64},[50,43540,43541,43543,43545,43547,43549,43551],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,43542,119],{"class":118},[50,43544,122],{"class":64},[50,43546,12661],{"class":118},[50,43548,122],{"class":64},[50,43550,2260],{"class":125},[50,43552,1770],{"class":64},[50,43554,43555,43557,43559,43561,43563,43565],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,43556,119],{"class":118},[50,43558,122],{"class":64},[50,43560,12661],{"class":118},[50,43562,122],{"class":64},[50,43564,7836],{"class":125},[50,43566,1770],{"class":64},[20,43568,43569],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[219,43571,43573],{"id":43572},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43575,43576,43577,129],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43578,43300],{},[233,43580,43581,43588,43595],{},[236,43582,43583,43585,43586],{},[15,43584,4712],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[997,43587,2495],{},[236,43589,43590,43592,43593],{},[15,43591,12207],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[997,43594,42210],{},[236,43596,43597,43599],{},[15,43598,43300],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43601,253],{},[41,43603,43605],{"className":43,"code":43604,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43606,43607,43627,43647,43651,43668,43685,43699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43608,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43610,2577],{"class":56},[50,43612,61],{"class":60},[50,43614,3652],{"class":64},[50,43616,3011],{"class":101},[50,43618,89],{"class":64},[50,43620,3016],{"class":101},[50,43622,89],{"class":64},[50,43624,2473],{"class":101},[50,43626,788],{"class":64},[50,43628,43629,43631,43633,43635,43637,43639,43641,43643,43645],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43630,2605],{"class":56},[50,43632,61],{"class":60},[50,43634,3652],{"class":64},[50,43636,3011],{"class":101},[50,43638,89],{"class":64},[50,43640,3016],{"class":101},[50,43642,89],{"class":64},[50,43644,2473],{"class":101},[50,43646,788],{"class":64},[50,43648,43649],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43650,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43652,43653,43655,43657,43659,43661,43663,43665],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,43654,119],{"class":118},[50,43656,122],{"class":64},[50,43658,2577],{"class":125},[50,43660,4712],{"class":60},[50,43662,2582],{"class":125},[50,43664,1206],{"class":64},[50,43666,43667],{"class":146},"   # True\n",[50,43669,43670,43672,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,43671,119],{"class":118},[50,43673,122],{"class":64},[50,43675,2577],{"class":125},[50,43677,12207],{"class":1622},[50,43679,2582],{"class":125},[50,43681,1206],{"class":64},[50,43683,43684],{"class":146},"   # False\n",[50,43686,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695,43697],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,43688,119],{"class":118},[50,43690,122],{"class":64},[50,43692,12661],{"class":118},[50,43694,122],{"class":64},[50,43696,380],{"class":125},[50,43698,1770],{"class":64},[50,43700,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,43702,119],{"class":118},[50,43704,122],{"class":64},[50,43706,12661],{"class":118},[50,43708,122],{"class":64},[50,43710,4784],{"class":125},[50,43712,1770],{"class":64},[20,43714,2199],{},[233,43716,43717,43725,43733],{},[236,43718,43719,4807,43722,43724],{},[15,43720,43721],{},"a == b",[15,43723,3632],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[236,43726,43727,4807,43730,43732],{},[15,43728,43729],{},"a is b",[15,43731,3702],{}," because they are different list objects",[236,43734,43735,1846,43738,43741],{},[15,43736,43737],{},"id(a)",[15,43739,43740],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43743,43744,43745,1846,43749,129],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[380,43746,43748],{"href":43747},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[380,43750,43752],{"href":43751},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[219,43754,43756],{"id":43755},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43758,43759],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[41,43761,43763],{"className":43,"code":43762,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43764,43765,43785,43795,43799,43813,43828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43766,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43768,3647],{"class":56},[50,43770,61],{"class":60},[50,43772,3652],{"class":64},[50,43774,2352],{"class":101},[50,43776,89],{"class":64},[50,43778,7816],{"class":101},[50,43780,89],{"class":64},[50,43782,7821],{"class":101},[50,43784,788],{"class":64},[50,43786,43787,43790,43792],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43788,43789],{"class":56},"other_numbers ",[50,43791,61],{"class":60},[50,43793,43794],{"class":56}," numbers\n",[50,43796,43797],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43798,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43800,43801,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,43802,119],{"class":118},[50,43804,122],{"class":64},[50,43806,12661],{"class":118},[50,43808,122],{"class":64},[50,43810,3678],{"class":125},[50,43812,1770],{"class":64},[50,43814,43815,43817,43819,43821,43823,43826],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,43816,119],{"class":118},[50,43818,122],{"class":64},[50,43820,12661],{"class":118},[50,43822,122],{"class":64},[50,43824,43825],{"class":125},"other_numbers",[50,43827,1770],{"class":64},[50,43829,43830,43832,43834,43836,43838,43841],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,43831,119],{"class":118},[50,43833,122],{"class":64},[50,43835,3647],{"class":125},[50,43837,12207],{"class":1622},[50,43839,43840],{"class":125}," other_numbers",[50,43842,414],{"class":64},[20,43844,5583],{},[41,43846,43847],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,43848,43849],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43850,43851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43852,4002],{"class":1494},[20,43854,43855,43856,43858],{},"The two ",[15,43857,43300],{}," values will also match.",[20,43860,21987,43861,43864],{},[15,43862,43863],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[219,43866,43868],{"id":43867},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43870,43871],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[41,43873,43875],{"className":43,"code":43874,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43876,43877,43898,43919,43923,43938,43952,43967],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43878,43879,43882,43884,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43880,43881],{"class":56},"list_a ",[50,43883,61],{"class":60},[50,43885,3652],{"class":64},[50,43887,3011],{"class":101},[50,43889,89],{"class":64},[50,43891,3016],{"class":101},[50,43893,89],{"class":64},[50,43895,2473],{"class":101},[50,43897,788],{"class":64},[50,43899,43900,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43901,43902],{"class":56},"list_b ",[50,43904,61],{"class":60},[50,43906,3652],{"class":64},[50,43908,3011],{"class":101},[50,43910,89],{"class":64},[50,43912,3016],{"class":101},[50,43914,89],{"class":64},[50,43916,2473],{"class":101},[50,43918,788],{"class":64},[50,43920,43921],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43922,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43924,43925,43927,43929,43931,43933,43936],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,43926,119],{"class":118},[50,43928,122],{"class":64},[50,43930,43881],{"class":125},[50,43932,4712],{"class":60},[50,43934,43935],{"class":125}," list_b",[50,43937,414],{"class":64},[50,43939,43940,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,43941,119],{"class":118},[50,43943,122],{"class":64},[50,43945,43881],{"class":125},[50,43947,12207],{"class":1622},[50,43949,43935],{"class":125},[50,43951,414],{"class":64},[50,43953,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43965],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,43955,119],{"class":118},[50,43957,122],{"class":64},[50,43959,12661],{"class":118},[50,43961,122],{"class":64},[50,43963,43964],{"class":125},"list_a",[50,43966,1770],{"class":64},[50,43968,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977,43980],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,43970,119],{"class":118},[50,43972,122],{"class":64},[50,43974,12661],{"class":118},[50,43976,122],{"class":64},[50,43978,43979],{"class":125},"list_b",[50,43981,1770],{"class":64},[20,43983,5583],{},[41,43985,43987],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43988,43989,43993],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43990,43991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43992,4002],{"class":1494},[50,43994,43995],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43996,4063],{"class":1494},[20,43998,43999],{},"What this means:",[233,44001,44002,44005,44008],{},[236,44003,44004],{},"The lists are equal in value",[236,44006,44007],{},"They are not the same object",[236,44009,44010,44011,44013],{},"Their ",[15,44012,43300],{}," values are usually different",[20,44015,44016,44017,44019,44020,129],{},"This is why ",[15,44018,43300],{}," should not replace ",[15,44021,4712],{},[219,44023,44025,44026,44028],{"id":44024},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44027,43300],{}," is useful",[20,44030,44031,44033],{},[15,44032,43300],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[233,44035,44036,44039,44042,44045],{},[236,44037,44038],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[236,44040,44041],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[236,44043,44044],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[236,44046,44047],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44049,44050,44051,44053],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44052,43300],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[41,44055,44057],{"className":43,"code":44056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44058,44059,44083,44092,44096,44115,44119,44129,44139,44153],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44060,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069,44071,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44062,12099],{"class":56},[50,44064,61],{"class":60},[50,44066,3652],{"class":64},[50,44068,69],{"class":68},[50,44070,380],{"class":72},[50,44072,69],{"class":68},[50,44074,89],{"class":64},[50,44076,81],{"class":68},[50,44078,4784],{"class":72},[50,44080,69],{"class":68},[50,44082,788],{"class":64},[50,44084,44085,44088,44090],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44086,44087],{"class":56},"copy_ref ",[50,44089,61],{"class":60},[50,44091,12137],{"class":56},[50,44093,44094],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44095,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44097,44098,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,44099,44100],{"class":56},"copy_ref",[50,44102,129],{"class":64},[50,44104,13561],{"class":125},[50,44106,122],{"class":64},[50,44108,69],{"class":68},[50,44110,9763],{"class":72},[50,44112,69],{"class":68},[50,44114,414],{"class":64},[50,44116,44117],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,44118,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44120,44121,44123,44125,44127],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,44122,119],{"class":118},[50,44124,122],{"class":64},[50,44126,12146],{"class":125},[50,44128,414],{"class":64},[50,44130,44131,44133,44135,44137],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,44132,119],{"class":118},[50,44134,122],{"class":64},[50,44136,44100],{"class":125},[50,44138,414],{"class":64},[50,44140,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,44142,119],{"class":118},[50,44144,122],{"class":64},[50,44146,12661],{"class":118},[50,44148,122],{"class":64},[50,44150,12146],{"class":125},[50,44152,1770],{"class":64},[50,44154,44155,44157,44159,44161,44163,44165],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,44156,119],{"class":118},[50,44158,122],{"class":64},[50,44160,12661],{"class":118},[50,44162,122],{"class":64},[50,44164,44100],{"class":125},[50,44166,1770],{"class":64},[20,44168,5583],{},[41,44170,44172],{"className":43,"code":44171,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44173,44174,44202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44175,44176,44178,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44177,779],{"class":64},[50,44179,1736],{"class":68},[50,44181,380],{"class":72},[50,44183,1736],{"class":68},[50,44185,89],{"class":64},[50,44187,3321],{"class":68},[50,44189,4784],{"class":72},[50,44191,1736],{"class":68},[50,44193,89],{"class":64},[50,44195,3321],{"class":68},[50,44197,9763],{"class":72},[50,44199,1736],{"class":68},[50,44201,788],{"class":64},[50,44203,44204,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44205,779],{"class":64},[50,44207,1736],{"class":68},[50,44209,380],{"class":72},[50,44211,1736],{"class":68},[50,44213,89],{"class":64},[50,44215,3321],{"class":68},[50,44217,4784],{"class":72},[50,44219,1736],{"class":68},[50,44221,89],{"class":64},[50,44223,3321],{"class":68},[50,44225,9763],{"class":72},[50,44227,1736],{"class":68},[50,44229,788],{"class":64},[20,44231,44232],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[219,44234,44236,44237],{"id":44235},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44238,43300],{},[20,44240,44241,44242,44244],{},"Do not use ",[15,44243,43300],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44246,44247],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[233,44249,44250,44256,44262,44265],{},[236,44251,44252,44253,44255],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44254,4712],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[236,44257,44258,44259,44261],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44260,43300],{}," values across program runs",[236,44263,44264],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[236,44266,44267,44268],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44269,43300],{},[20,44271,44272],{},"Bad example:",[41,44274,44276],{"className":43,"code":44275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44277,44278,44290,44302,44306,44328],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44279,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44281,2577],{"class":56},[50,44283,61],{"class":60},[50,44285,81],{"class":68},[50,44287,36855],{"class":72},[50,44289,3384],{"class":68},[50,44291,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44293,2605],{"class":56},[50,44295,61],{"class":60},[50,44297,81],{"class":68},[50,44299,36855],{"class":72},[50,44301,3384],{"class":68},[50,44303,44304],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44305,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44307,44308,44310,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,44309,7023],{"class":1622},[50,44311,14821],{"class":118},[50,44313,122],{"class":64},[50,44315,380],{"class":125},[50,44317,1206],{"class":64},[50,44319,6432],{"class":60},[50,44321,14821],{"class":118},[50,44323,122],{"class":64},[50,44325,4784],{"class":125},[50,44327,8368],{"class":64},[50,44329,44330,44332,44334,44336,44339,44341],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,44331,8094],{"class":118},[50,44333,122],{"class":64},[50,44335,69],{"class":68},[50,44337,44338],{"class":72},"The values are equal",[50,44340,69],{"class":68},[50,44342,414],{"class":64},[20,44344,44345],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[41,44347,44349],{"className":43,"code":44348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44350,44351,44364],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44352,44353,44355,44358,44360,44362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44354,7023],{"class":1622},[50,44356,44357],{"class":56}," a ",[50,44359,4712],{"class":60},[50,44361,2582],{"class":56},[50,44363,6417],{"class":64},[50,44365,44366,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44367,8094],{"class":118},[50,44369,122],{"class":64},[50,44371,69],{"class":68},[50,44373,44338],{"class":72},[50,44375,69],{"class":68},[50,44377,414],{"class":64},[20,44379,212,44380,2901,44382,44384],{},[15,44381,12207],{},[15,44383,43300],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[219,44386,1245],{"id":1244},[20,44388,44389],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[233,44391,44392,44395,44398,44403],{},[236,44393,44394],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[236,44396,44397],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[236,44399,44400,44401],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44402,43300],{},[236,44404,44405,44406],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44407,43300],{},[20,44409,44410],{},"The important rule is:",[233,44412,44413,44418],{},[236,44414,212,44415,44417],{},[15,44416,4712],{}," to check value",[236,44419,212,44420,44422],{},[15,44421,12207],{}," to check identity",[20,44424,44425,44426,44428],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44427,43300],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[219,44430,1663],{"id":1662},[20,44432,44433,44434,78],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44435,43300],{},[233,44437,44438,44446,44449,44452,44457],{},[236,44439,8444,44440,44442,44443,44445],{},[15,44441,43300],{}," when ",[15,44444,4712],{}," should be used",[236,44447,44448],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[236,44450,44451],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[236,44453,44454,44455],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44456,43300],{},[236,44458,8444,44459,44461],{},[15,44460,43300],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44463,44464],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[41,44466,44468],{"className":43,"code":44467,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44469,44470,44485,44499,44513,44527],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44471,44472,44474,44476,44478,44480,44483],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44473,119],{"class":118},[50,44475,122],{"class":64},[50,44477,12661],{"class":118},[50,44479,122],{"class":64},[50,44481,44482],{"class":125},"my_object",[50,44484,1770],{"class":64},[50,44486,44487,44489,44491,44493,44495,44497],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44488,119],{"class":118},[50,44490,122],{"class":64},[50,44492,2577],{"class":125},[50,44494,4712],{"class":60},[50,44496,2582],{"class":125},[50,44498,414],{"class":64},[50,44500,44501,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44502,119],{"class":118},[50,44504,122],{"class":64},[50,44506,2577],{"class":125},[50,44508,12207],{"class":1622},[50,44510,2582],{"class":125},[50,44512,414],{"class":64},[50,44514,44515,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,44516,119],{"class":118},[50,44518,122],{"class":64},[50,44520,1780],{"class":1779},[50,44522,122],{"class":64},[50,44524,44482],{"class":125},[50,44526,1770],{"class":64},[50,44528,44529,44531,44533,44535],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,44530,31955],{"class":118},[50,44532,122],{"class":64},[50,44534,12661],{"class":118},[50,44536,414],{"class":64},[219,44538,1857],{"id":1856},[811,44540,44542,44543,12726],{"id":44541},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44544,43300],{},[20,44546,44547],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[811,44549,14907,44551,44553],{"id":44550},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44552,43300],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44555,44556],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[811,44558,1897,44560,44562],{"id":44559},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44561,43300],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44564,30072,44565,44567,44568,2901,44570,44572],{},[15,44566,4712],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44569,43300],{},[15,44571,12207],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[811,44574,44576,44577,1867],{"id":44575},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44578,43300],{},[20,44580,44581],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[811,44583,44585,44586,44588],{"id":44584},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44587,43300],{}," values?",[20,44590,44591],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[219,44593,1909],{"id":1908},[233,44595,44596,44601,44606,44611,44619],{},[236,44597,44598],{},[380,44599,44600],{"href":43438},"Python variables explained for beginners",[236,44602,44603],{},[380,44604,44605],{"href":43747},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[236,44607,44608],{},[380,44609,44610],{"href":43751},"Python data types overview",[236,44612,44613],{},[380,44614,3603,44616,3536],{"href":44615},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44617,44618],{},"isinstance()",[236,44620,44621],{},[380,44622,44624],{"href":44623},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1944,44626,44627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":44629},[44630,44632,44633,44634,44635,44636,44638,44640,44641,44642,44654],{"id":43404,"depth":108,"text":44631},"What id() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":43572,"depth":108,"text":43573},{"id":43755,"depth":108,"text":43756},{"id":43867,"depth":108,"text":43868},{"id":44024,"depth":108,"text":44637},"When id() is useful",{"id":44235,"depth":108,"text":44639},"When not to use id()",{"id":1244,"depth":108,"text":1245},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":44643},[44644,44646,44648,44650,44652],{"id":44541,"depth":115,"text":44645},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44550,"depth":115,"text":44647},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44559,"depth":115,"text":44649},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44575,"depth":115,"text":44651},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44584,"depth":115,"text":44653},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43292,"description":44655},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44662,"title":42005,"body":44663,"description":46303,"extension":1981,"meta":46304,"navigation":111,"path":46305,"seo":46306,"stem":46307,"__hash__":46308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44664,"toc":46269},[44665,44670,44675,44678,44680,44723,44728,44731,44736,44741,44744,44760,44762,44806,44808,44835,44837,44852,44854,44856,44858,44874,44876,44888,44891,44925,44928,44953,44958,44960,44965,44969,44972,44974,45022,45024,45057,45063,45074,45076,45128,45130,45161,45163,45167,45171,45214,45220,45226,45278,45286,45291,45295,45386,45388,45421,45424,45426,45486,45488,45514,45524,45526,45530,45535,45540,45542,45579,45581,45600,45603,45607,45610,45666,45678,45687,45689,45716,45724,45731,45735,45738,45775,45778,45784,45821,45823,45827,45833,45851,45856,45904,45908,45997,46000,46007,46009,46011,46016,46034,46036,46079,46085,46102,46104,46166,46168,46170,46176,46184,46190,46196,46205,46215,46219,46227,46229,46231,46266],[10,44666,3603,44668,3607],{"id":44667},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44669,2980],{},[20,44671,228,44672,44674],{},[15,44673,2980],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44676,44677],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[219,44679,2022],{"id":2021},[41,44681,44683],{"className":43,"code":44682,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44684,44685,44704],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44686,44687,44689,44691,44693,44695,44697,44700,44702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44688,7903],{"class":56},[50,44690,61],{"class":60},[50,44692,8268],{"class":118},[50,44694,122],{"class":64},[50,44696,69],{"class":68},[50,44698,44699],{"class":72},"Enter your name: ",[50,44701,69],{"class":68},[50,44703,414],{"class":64},[50,44705,44706,44708,44710,44712,44715,44717,44719,44721],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44707,119],{"class":118},[50,44709,122],{"class":64},[50,44711,69],{"class":68},[50,44713,44714],{"class":72},"Hello, ",[50,44716,69],{"class":68},[50,44718,2476],{"class":60},[50,44720,35798],{"class":125},[50,44722,414],{"class":64},[20,44724,212,44725,44727],{},[15,44726,2980],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44729,44730],"hr",{},[219,44732,222,44734,225],{"id":44733},"what-input-does",[15,44735,2980],{},[20,44737,44738,44740],{},[15,44739,2980],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44742,44743],{},"Here is what happens:",[233,44745,44746,44751,44754,44757],{},[236,44747,44748,44750],{},[15,44749,2980],{}," waits for the user to type",[236,44752,44753],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[236,44755,44756],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[236,44758,44759],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44761,253],{},[41,44763,44765],{"className":43,"code":44764,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44766,44767,44787],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44768,44769,44772,44774,44776,44778,44780,44783,44785],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44770,44771],{"class":56},"color ",[50,44773,61],{"class":60},[50,44775,8268],{"class":118},[50,44777,122],{"class":64},[50,44779,69],{"class":68},[50,44781,44782],{"class":72},"What is your favorite color? ",[50,44784,69],{"class":68},[50,44786,414],{"class":64},[50,44788,44789,44791,44793,44795,44798,44800,44802,44804],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44790,119],{"class":118},[50,44792,122],{"class":64},[50,44794,69],{"class":68},[50,44796,44797],{"class":72},"Your favorite color is",[50,44799,69],{"class":68},[50,44801,89],{"class":64},[50,44803,35657],{"class":125},[50,44805,414],{"class":64},[20,44807,29831],{},[41,44809,44811],{"className":43,"code":44810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44812,44813,44826],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44814,44815,44817,44819,44822,44824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44816,222],{"class":56},[50,44818,12207],{"class":60},[50,44820,44821],{"class":56}," your favorite color",[50,44823,1867],{"class":37175},[50,44825,35687],{"class":56},[50,44827,44828,44831,44833],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44829,44830],{"class":56},"Your favorite color ",[50,44832,12207],{"class":60},[50,44834,35687],{"class":56},[20,44836,357],{},[233,44838,44839,44844,44849],{},[236,44840,44841,44842],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44843,44782],{},[236,44845,44846,44847],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44848,32694],{},[236,44850,44851],{},"That value is then printed",[44729,44853],{},[219,44855,387],{"id":386},[20,44857,7243],{},[41,44859,44861],{"className":43,"code":44860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44862,44863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44864,44865,44867,44869,44872],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44866,42274],{"class":118},[50,44868,122],{"class":64},[50,44870,44871],{"class":125},"prompt",[50,44873,414],{"class":64},[20,44875,11473],{},[233,44877,44878,44882,44885],{},[236,44879,228,44880,449],{},[15,44881,44871],{},[236,44883,44884],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[236,44886,44887],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44889,44890],{},"Example with a prompt:",[41,44892,44894],{"className":43,"code":44893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44895,44896,44915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44897,44898,44900,44902,44904,44906,44908,44911,44913],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44899,7987],{"class":56},[50,44901,61],{"class":60},[50,44903,8268],{"class":118},[50,44905,122],{"class":64},[50,44907,69],{"class":68},[50,44909,44910],{"class":72},"Enter your username: ",[50,44912,69],{"class":68},[50,44914,414],{"class":64},[50,44916,44917,44919,44921,44923],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44918,119],{"class":118},[50,44920,122],{"class":64},[50,44922,627],{"class":125},[50,44924,414],{"class":64},[20,44926,44927],{},"Example without a prompt:",[41,44929,44931],{"className":43,"code":44930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44932,44933,44943],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44934,44935,44937,44939,44941],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44936,2468],{"class":56},[50,44938,61],{"class":60},[50,44940,8268],{"class":118},[50,44942,8671],{"class":64},[50,44944,44945,44947,44949,44951],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44946,119],{"class":118},[50,44948,122],{"class":64},[50,44950,2495],{"class":125},[50,44952,414],{"class":64},[20,44954,7788,44955,44957],{},[15,44956,2980],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44729,44959],{},[219,44961,222,44963,11719],{"id":44962},"what-input-returns",[15,44964,2980],{},[20,44966,44967,8251],{},[15,44968,2980],{},[20,44970,44971],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44973,253],{},[41,44975,44977],{"className":43,"code":44976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44978,44979,44998,45008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44980,44981,44983,44985,44987,44989,44991,44994,44996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44982,21426],{"class":56},[50,44984,61],{"class":60},[50,44986,8268],{"class":118},[50,44988,122],{"class":64},[50,44990,69],{"class":68},[50,44992,44993],{"class":72},"Enter your age: ",[50,44995,69],{"class":68},[50,44997,414],{"class":64},[50,44999,45000,45002,45004,45006],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45001,119],{"class":118},[50,45003,122],{"class":64},[50,45005,94],{"class":125},[50,45007,414],{"class":64},[50,45009,45010,45012,45014,45016,45018,45020],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45011,119],{"class":118},[50,45013,122],{"class":64},[50,45015,1780],{"class":1779},[50,45017,122],{"class":64},[50,45019,94],{"class":125},[50,45021,1770],{"class":64},[20,45023,29831],{},[41,45025,45027],{"className":43,"code":45026,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45028,45029,45039,45043],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45030,45031,45034,45036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45032,45033],{"class":56},"Enter your age",[50,45035,78],{"class":64},[50,45037,45038],{"class":101}," 25\n",[50,45040,45041],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45042,2732],{"class":101},[50,45044,45045,45047,45049,45051,45053,45055],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45046,3315],{"class":60},[50,45048,3318],{"class":2085},[50,45050,3321],{"class":68},[50,45052,3470],{"class":72},[50,45054,1736],{"class":68},[50,45056,3328],{"class":60},[20,45058,45059,45060,45062],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45061,9220],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45064,45065,45066,2901,45070,129],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[380,45067,45068],{"href":2897},[15,45069,2900],{},[380,45071,45072],{"href":2904},[15,45073,2907],{},[20,45075,253],{},[41,45077,45079],{"className":43,"code":45078,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45080,45081,45104,45114],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45082,45083,45085,45087,45090,45092,45094,45096,45098,45100,45102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45084,21426],{"class":56},[50,45086,61],{"class":60},[50,45088,45089],{"class":1779}," int",[50,45091,122],{"class":64},[50,45093,42274],{"class":118},[50,45095,122],{"class":64},[50,45097,69],{"class":68},[50,45099,44993],{"class":72},[50,45101,69],{"class":68},[50,45103,1770],{"class":64},[50,45105,45106,45108,45110,45112],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45107,119],{"class":118},[50,45109,122],{"class":64},[50,45111,94],{"class":125},[50,45113,414],{"class":64},[50,45115,45116,45118,45120,45122,45124,45126],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45117,119],{"class":118},[50,45119,122],{"class":64},[50,45121,1780],{"class":1779},[50,45123,122],{"class":64},[50,45125,94],{"class":125},[50,45127,1770],{"class":64},[20,45129,29831],{},[41,45131,45133],{"className":43,"code":45132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45134,45135,45143,45147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45136,45137,45139,45141],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45138,45033],{"class":56},[50,45140,78],{"class":64},[50,45142,45038],{"class":101},[50,45144,45145],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45146,2732],{"class":101},[50,45148,45149,45151,45153,45155,45157,45159],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45150,3315],{"class":60},[50,45152,3318],{"class":2085},[50,45154,3321],{"class":68},[50,45156,2209],{"class":72},[50,45158,1736],{"class":68},[50,45160,3328],{"class":60},[44729,45162],{},[219,45164,45166],{"id":45165},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[811,45168,45170],{"id":45169},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[41,45172,45174],{"className":43,"code":45173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45175,45176,45195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45177,45178,45180,45182,45184,45186,45188,45191,45193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45179,7903],{"class":56},[50,45181,61],{"class":60},[50,45183,8268],{"class":118},[50,45185,122],{"class":64},[50,45187,69],{"class":68},[50,45189,45190],{"class":72},"What is your name? ",[50,45192,69],{"class":68},[50,45194,414],{"class":64},[50,45196,45197,45199,45201,45203,45206,45208,45210,45212],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45198,119],{"class":118},[50,45200,122],{"class":64},[50,45202,69],{"class":68},[50,45204,45205],{"class":72},"Hello,",[50,45207,69],{"class":68},[50,45209,89],{"class":64},[50,45211,35798],{"class":125},[50,45213,414],{"class":64},[20,45215,45216,45217,45219],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45218,73],{}," and prints it.",[811,45221,45223,45224],{"id":45222},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45225,2900],{},[41,45227,45229],{"className":43,"code":45228,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45230,45231,45254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45232,45233,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45250,45252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45234,21426],{"class":56},[50,45236,61],{"class":60},[50,45238,45089],{"class":1779},[50,45240,122],{"class":64},[50,45242,42274],{"class":118},[50,45244,122],{"class":64},[50,45246,69],{"class":68},[50,45248,45249],{"class":72},"How old are you? ",[50,45251,69],{"class":68},[50,45253,1770],{"class":64},[50,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262,45265,45267,45269,45272,45274,45276],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45257,119],{"class":118},[50,45259,122],{"class":64},[50,45261,69],{"class":68},[50,45263,45264],{"class":72},"Next year you will be",[50,45266,69],{"class":68},[50,45268,89],{"class":64},[50,45270,45271],{"class":125}," age ",[50,45273,2079],{"class":60},[50,45275,5521],{"class":101},[50,45277,414],{"class":64},[20,45279,6084,45280,45282,45283,45285],{},[15,45281,2900],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45284,2980],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45287,45288,45289,129],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[380,45290,9010],{"href":9009},[811,45292,45294],{"id":45293},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[41,45296,45298],{"className":43,"code":45297,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45299,45300,45324,45348,45362,45366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45301,45302,45305,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317,45320,45322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45303,45304],{"class":56},"num1 ",[50,45306,61],{"class":60},[50,45308,45089],{"class":1779},[50,45310,122],{"class":64},[50,45312,42274],{"class":118},[50,45314,122],{"class":64},[50,45316,69],{"class":68},[50,45318,45319],{"class":72},"Enter the first number: ",[50,45321,69],{"class":68},[50,45323,1770],{"class":64},[50,45325,45326,45329,45331,45333,45335,45337,45339,45341,45344,45346],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45327,45328],{"class":56},"num2 ",[50,45330,61],{"class":60},[50,45332,45089],{"class":1779},[50,45334,122],{"class":64},[50,45336,42274],{"class":118},[50,45338,122],{"class":64},[50,45340,69],{"class":68},[50,45342,45343],{"class":72},"Enter the second number: ",[50,45345,69],{"class":68},[50,45347,1770],{"class":64},[50,45349,45350,45352,45354,45357,45359],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45351,40993],{"class":56},[50,45353,61],{"class":60},[50,45355,45356],{"class":56}," num1 ",[50,45358,2079],{"class":60},[50,45360,45361],{"class":56}," num2\n",[50,45363,45364],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,45365,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,45367,45368,45370,45372,45374,45377,45379,45381,45384],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,45369,119],{"class":118},[50,45371,122],{"class":64},[50,45373,69],{"class":68},[50,45375,45376],{"class":72},"Total:",[50,45378,69],{"class":68},[50,45380,89],{"class":64},[50,45382,45383],{"class":125}," total",[50,45385,414],{"class":64},[20,45387,29831],{},[41,45389,45391],{"className":43,"code":45390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45392,45393,45403,45412],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45394,45395,45398,45400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45396,45397],{"class":56},"Enter the first number",[50,45399,78],{"class":64},[50,45401,45402],{"class":101}," 2\n",[50,45404,45405,45408,45410],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45406,45407],{"class":56},"Enter the second number",[50,45409,78],{"class":64},[50,45411,2600],{"class":101},[50,45413,45414,45417,45419],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45415,45416],{"class":56},"Total",[50,45418,78],{"class":64},[50,45420,34647],{"class":101},[20,45422,45423],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45425,253],{},[41,45427,45429],{"className":43,"code":45428,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45430,45431,45449,45467,45471],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45432,45433,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445,45447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45434,45304],{"class":56},[50,45436,61],{"class":60},[50,45438,8268],{"class":118},[50,45440,122],{"class":64},[50,45442,69],{"class":68},[50,45444,45319],{"class":72},[50,45446,69],{"class":68},[50,45448,414],{"class":64},[50,45450,45451,45453,45455,45457,45459,45461,45463,45465],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45452,45328],{"class":56},[50,45454,61],{"class":60},[50,45456,8268],{"class":118},[50,45458,122],{"class":64},[50,45460,69],{"class":68},[50,45462,45343],{"class":72},[50,45464,69],{"class":68},[50,45466,414],{"class":64},[50,45468,45469],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45470,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,45472,45473,45475,45477,45479,45481,45484],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,45474,119],{"class":118},[50,45476,122],{"class":64},[50,45478,45304],{"class":125},[50,45480,2079],{"class":60},[50,45482,45483],{"class":125}," num2",[50,45485,414],{"class":64},[20,45487,29831],{},[41,45489,45491],{"className":43,"code":45490,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45492,45493,45501,45509],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45494,45495,45497,45499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45496,45397],{"class":56},[50,45498,78],{"class":64},[50,45500,45402],{"class":101},[50,45502,45503,45505,45507],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45504,45407],{"class":56},[50,45506,78],{"class":64},[50,45508,2600],{"class":101},[50,45510,45511],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45512,45513],{"class":101},"23\n",[20,45515,45516,45517,45520,45521,129],{},"That happens because ",[15,45518,45519],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45522,45523],{},"\"23\"",[44729,45525],{},[219,45527,45529],{"id":45528},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45531,45532,45533,129],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45534,2980],{},[811,45536,1678,45538,41353],{"id":45537},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45539,2980],{},[20,45541,39008],{},[41,45543,45545],{"className":43,"code":45544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45546,45547,45565],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45548,45549,45551,45553,45555,45557,45559,45561,45563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45550,2468],{"class":56},[50,45552,61],{"class":60},[50,45554,8268],{"class":118},[50,45556,122],{"class":64},[50,45558,69],{"class":68},[50,45560,41682],{"class":72},[50,45562,69],{"class":68},[50,45564,414],{"class":64},[50,45566,45567,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45568,119],{"class":118},[50,45570,122],{"class":64},[50,45572,1780],{"class":1779},[50,45574,122],{"class":64},[50,45576,2495],{"class":125},[50,45578,1770],{"class":64},[20,45580,2091],{},[41,45582,45584],{"className":43,"code":45583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45585,45586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45587,45588,45590,45592,45594,45596,45598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45589,3315],{"class":60},[50,45591,3318],{"class":2085},[50,45593,3321],{"class":68},[50,45595,3470],{"class":72},[50,45597,1736],{"class":68},[50,45599,3328],{"class":60},[20,45601,45602],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[811,45604,45606],{"id":45605},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45608,45609],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[41,45611,45613],{"className":43,"code":45612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45614,45615,45633,45652],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45616,45617,45619,45621,45623,45625,45627,45629,45631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45618,2577],{"class":56},[50,45620,61],{"class":60},[50,45622,8268],{"class":118},[50,45624,122],{"class":64},[50,45626,69],{"class":68},[50,45628,41682],{"class":72},[50,45630,69],{"class":68},[50,45632,414],{"class":64},[50,45634,45635,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645,45648,45650],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45636,2605],{"class":56},[50,45638,61],{"class":60},[50,45640,8268],{"class":118},[50,45642,122],{"class":64},[50,45644,69],{"class":68},[50,45646,45647],{"class":72},"Enter another number: ",[50,45649,69],{"class":68},[50,45651,414],{"class":64},[50,45653,45654,45656,45658,45660,45662,45664],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45655,119],{"class":118},[50,45657,122],{"class":64},[50,45659,2577],{"class":125},[50,45661,2079],{"class":60},[50,45663,2582],{"class":125},[50,45665,414],{"class":64},[20,45667,40931,45668,1846,45670,45672,45673,18953,45676,129],{},[15,45669,2527],{},[15,45671,2157],{},", the result is ",[15,45674,45675],{},"45",[15,45677,2165],{},[811,45679,45681,45682,45684,45685],{"id":45680},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45683,40514],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45686,2900],{},[20,45688,253],{},[41,45690,45692],{"className":43,"code":45691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45693,45694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45695,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712,45714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45697,21426],{"class":56},[50,45699,61],{"class":60},[50,45701,45089],{"class":1779},[50,45703,122],{"class":64},[50,45705,42274],{"class":118},[50,45707,122],{"class":64},[50,45709,69],{"class":68},[50,45711,44993],{"class":72},[50,45713,69],{"class":68},[50,45715,1770],{"class":64},[20,45717,8297,45718,45721,45722,129],{},[15,45719,45720],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45723,40514],{},[20,45725,45726,45727,129],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[380,45728,45730],{"href":45729},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[811,45732,45734],{"id":45733},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45736,45737],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[41,45739,45741],{"className":43,"code":45740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45742,45743,45761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45744,45745,45747,45749,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45746,7903],{"class":56},[50,45748,61],{"class":60},[50,45750,8268],{"class":118},[50,45752,122],{"class":64},[50,45754,69],{"class":68},[50,45756,44699],{"class":72},[50,45758,69],{"class":68},[50,45760,414],{"class":64},[50,45762,45763,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45764,119],{"class":118},[50,45766,122],{"class":64},[50,45768,41590],{"class":118},[50,45770,122],{"class":64},[50,45772,73],{"class":125},[50,45774,1770],{"class":64},[20,45776,45777],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45779,45780,45781,78],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45782,45783],{},".strip()",[41,45785,45787],{"className":43,"code":45786,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45788,45789,45811],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45790,45791,45793,45795,45797,45799,45801,45803,45805,45807,45809],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45792,7903],{"class":56},[50,45794,61],{"class":60},[50,45796,8268],{"class":118},[50,45798,122],{"class":64},[50,45800,69],{"class":68},[50,45802,44699],{"class":72},[50,45804,69],{"class":68},[50,45806,8659],{"class":64},[50,45808,8662],{"class":125},[50,45810,8671],{"class":64},[50,45812,45813,45815,45817,45819],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45814,119],{"class":118},[50,45816,122],{"class":64},[50,45818,73],{"class":125},[50,45820,414],{"class":64},[44729,45822],{},[219,45824,45826],{"id":45825},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45828,45829,45830,45832],{},"These habits make ",[15,45831,2980],{}," easier and safer to use.",[233,45834,45835,45838,45843,45846],{},[236,45836,45837],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[236,45839,212,45840,45842],{},[15,45841,45783],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[236,45844,45845],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[236,45847,212,45848,45850],{},[15,45849,29583],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45852,45853,45854,78],{},"Example with ",[15,45855,45783],{},[41,45857,45859],{"className":43,"code":45858,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45860,45861,45885],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45862,45863,45866,45868,45870,45872,45874,45877,45879,45881,45883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45864,45865],{"class":56},"city ",[50,45867,61],{"class":60},[50,45869,8268],{"class":118},[50,45871,122],{"class":64},[50,45873,69],{"class":68},[50,45875,45876],{"class":72},"Enter your city: ",[50,45878,69],{"class":68},[50,45880,8659],{"class":64},[50,45882,8662],{"class":125},[50,45884,8671],{"class":64},[50,45886,45887,45889,45891,45893,45896,45898,45900,45902],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45888,119],{"class":118},[50,45890,122],{"class":64},[50,45892,69],{"class":68},[50,45894,45895],{"class":72},"City:",[50,45897,69],{"class":68},[50,45899,89],{"class":64},[50,45901,31187],{"class":125},[50,45903,414],{"class":64},[20,45905,45853,45906,78],{},[15,45907,29583],{},[41,45909,45911],{"className":43,"code":45910,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45912,45913,45919,45942,45974,45982],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45914,45915,45917],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45916,29605],{"class":1622},[50,45918,6417],{"class":64},[50,45920,45921,45924,45926,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936,45938,45940],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45922,45923],{"class":56},"    age ",[50,45925,61],{"class":60},[50,45927,45089],{"class":1779},[50,45929,122],{"class":64},[50,45931,42274],{"class":118},[50,45933,122],{"class":64},[50,45935,69],{"class":68},[50,45937,44993],{"class":72},[50,45939,69],{"class":68},[50,45941,1770],{"class":64},[50,45943,45944,45946,45948,45950,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961,45963,45965,45967,45970,45972],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45945,8094],{"class":118},[50,45947,122],{"class":64},[50,45949,69],{"class":68},[50,45951,45952],{"class":72},"You will be",[50,45954,69],{"class":68},[50,45956,89],{"class":64},[50,45958,45271],{"class":125},[50,45960,2079],{"class":60},[50,45962,5521],{"class":101},[50,45964,89],{"class":64},[50,45966,81],{"class":68},[50,45968,45969],{"class":72},"next year",[50,45971,69],{"class":68},[50,45973,414],{"class":64},[50,45975,45976,45978,45980],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,45977,29636],{"class":1622},[50,45979,41737],{"class":1779},[50,45981,6417],{"class":64},[50,45983,45984,45986,45988,45990,45993,45995],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,45985,8094],{"class":118},[50,45987,122],{"class":64},[50,45989,69],{"class":68},[50,45991,45992],{"class":72},"Please enter a whole number.",[50,45994,69],{"class":68},[50,45996,414],{"class":64},[20,45998,45999],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46001,46002,46003,129],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[380,46004,46006],{"href":46005},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44729,46008],{},[219,46010,1663],{"id":1662},[20,46012,46013,46014,78],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46015,2980],{},[233,46017,46018,46025,46028,46031],{},[236,46019,46020,46021,2901,46023],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46022,2900],{},[15,46024,2907],{},[236,46026,46027],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[236,46029,46030],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[236,46032,46033],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46035,31885],{},[41,46037,46039],{"className":43,"code":46038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46040,46041,46051,46065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46042,46043,46045,46047,46049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46044,119],{"class":118},[50,46046,122],{"class":64},[50,46048,2495],{"class":125},[50,46050,414],{"class":64},[50,46052,46053,46055,46057,46059,46061,46063],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46054,119],{"class":118},[50,46056,122],{"class":64},[50,46058,1780],{"class":1779},[50,46060,122],{"class":64},[50,46062,2495],{"class":125},[50,46064,1770],{"class":64},[50,46066,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46068,119],{"class":118},[50,46070,122],{"class":64},[50,46072,41590],{"class":118},[50,46074,122],{"class":64},[50,46076,2495],{"class":125},[50,46078,1770],{"class":64},[20,46080,46081,46082,46084],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46083,2980],{}," actually returned:",[233,46086,46087,46092,46097],{},[236,46088,46089,46091],{},[15,46090,41638],{}," shows the value",[236,46093,46094,46096],{},[15,46095,41644],{}," shows the data type",[236,46098,46099,46101],{},[15,46100,41649],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46103,253],{},[41,46105,46107],{"className":43,"code":46106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46108,46109,46128,46138,46152],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46110,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121,46124,46126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46112,2468],{"class":56},[50,46114,61],{"class":60},[50,46116,8268],{"class":118},[50,46118,122],{"class":64},[50,46120,69],{"class":68},[50,46122,46123],{"class":72},"Enter something: ",[50,46125,69],{"class":68},[50,46127,414],{"class":64},[50,46129,46130,46132,46134,46136],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46131,119],{"class":118},[50,46133,122],{"class":64},[50,46135,2495],{"class":125},[50,46137,414],{"class":64},[50,46139,46140,46142,46144,46146,46148,46150],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46141,119],{"class":118},[50,46143,122],{"class":64},[50,46145,1780],{"class":1779},[50,46147,122],{"class":64},[50,46149,2495],{"class":125},[50,46151,1770],{"class":64},[50,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160,46162,46164],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,46155,119],{"class":118},[50,46157,122],{"class":64},[50,46159,41590],{"class":118},[50,46161,122],{"class":64},[50,46163,2495],{"class":125},[50,46165,1770],{"class":64},[44729,46167],{},[219,46169,1857],{"id":1856},[811,46171,1861,46173,46175],{"id":46172},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46174,2980],{}," return an integer?",[20,46177,46178,46179,46181,46182,39739],{},"No. ",[15,46180,2980],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46183,2900],{},[811,46185,46187,46188,1867],{"id":46186},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46189,2980],{},[20,46191,46192,46193,46195],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46194,2980],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[811,46197,5180,46199,46202,46203,1867],{"id":46198},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46200,46201],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46204,2980],{},[20,46206,28862,46207,46209,46210,41966,46212,46214],{},[15,46208,2980],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46211,45519],{},[15,46213,45523],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[811,46216,46218],{"id":46217},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46220,212,46221,46223,46224,129],{},[15,46222,45783],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46225,46226],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44729,46228],{},[219,46230,1909],{"id":1908},[233,46232,46233,46238,46242,46248,46254,46258],{},[236,46234,46235],{},[380,46236,46237],{"href":46005},"How to get user input in Python",[236,46239,46240],{},[380,46241,9087],{"href":9009},[236,46243,46244],{},[380,46245,3603,46246,3536],{"href":2897},[15,46247,2900],{},[236,46249,46250],{},[380,46251,3603,46252,3536],{"href":2904},[15,46253,2907],{},[236,46255,46256],{},[380,46257,45730],{"href":45729},[236,46259,46260],{},[380,46261,3603,46263,3536],{"href":46262},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46264,46265],{},"print()",[1944,46267,46268],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":46270},[46271,46272,46274,46275,46277,46283,46291,46292,46293,46302],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":44733,"depth":108,"text":46273},"What input() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":44962,"depth":108,"text":46276},"What input() returns",{"id":45165,"depth":108,"text":45166,"children":46278},[46279,46280,46282],{"id":45169,"depth":115,"text":45170},{"id":45222,"depth":115,"text":46281},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45293,"depth":115,"text":45294},{"id":45528,"depth":108,"text":45529,"children":46284},[46285,46287,46288,46290],{"id":45537,"depth":115,"text":46286},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45605,"depth":115,"text":45606},{"id":45680,"depth":115,"text":46289},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45733,"depth":115,"text":45734},{"id":45825,"depth":108,"text":45826},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":46294},[46295,46297,46299,46301],{"id":46172,"depth":115,"text":46296},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46186,"depth":115,"text":46298},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46198,"depth":115,"text":46300},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46217,"depth":115,"text":46218},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42005,"description":46303},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46310,"title":41907,"body":46311,"description":48624,"extension":1981,"meta":48625,"navigation":111,"path":48626,"seo":48627,"stem":48628,"__hash__":48629},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46312,"toc":48576},[46313,46318,46323,46328,46349,46352,46354,46414,46416,46435,46440,46445,46450,46452,46465,46467,46550,46552,46593,46599,46601,46631,46637,46640,46657,46659,46711,46713,46731,46737,46743,46746,46764,46766,46839,46841,46860,46867,46873,46878,46881,46941,46943,46962,46965,46968,46983,46989,46993,47054,47056,47077,47081,47210,47212,47342,47352,47358,47364,47372,47438,47440,47465,47468,47485,47498,47504,47507,47540,47542,47555,47558,47601,47603,47611,47618,47622,47629,47633,47660,47662,47670,47676,47693,47698,47702,47729,47731,47739,47743,47748,47751,47777,47780,47789,47797,47801,47811,47815,47818,47820,47871,47873,47903,47913,47940,47942,47950,47960,47964,47967,47969,48017,48019,48063,48069,48120,48122,48141,48146,48151,48154,48173,48176,48228,48230,48239,48241,48245,48249,48252,48261,48268,48270,48297,48301,48303,48312,48315,48322,48328,48388,48392,48394,48402,48405,48431,48437,48440,48460,48462,48471,48479,48481,48487,48492,48499,48509,48515,48523,48527,48530,48532,48573],[10,46314,3603,46316,3607],{"id":46315},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46317,2900],{},[20,46319,32120,46320,46322],{},[15,46321,2900],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46324,35211,46325,46327],{},[15,46326,2900],{}," when they want to:",[233,46329,46330,46340,46343,46346],{},[236,46331,46332,46333,46336,46337],{},"turn text like ",[15,46334,46335],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46338,46339],{},"42",[236,46341,46342],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[236,46344,46345],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[236,46347,46348],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46350,46351],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[219,46353,2022],{"id":2021},[41,46355,46357],{"className":43,"code":46356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46358,46359,46377,46391],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46360,46361,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46362,119],{"class":118},[50,46364,122],{"class":64},[50,46366,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46368,122],{"class":64},[50,46370,69],{"class":68},[50,46372,46339],{"class":72},[50,46374,69],{"class":68},[50,46376,1770],{"class":64},[50,46378,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387,46389],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46380,119],{"class":118},[50,46382,122],{"class":64},[50,46384,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46386,122],{"class":64},[50,46388,41795],{"class":101},[50,46390,1770],{"class":64},[50,46392,46393,46395,46397,46399,46401,46403,46406,46408,46410,46412],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46394,119],{"class":118},[50,46396,122],{"class":64},[50,46398,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46400,122],{"class":64},[50,46402,69],{"class":68},[50,46404,46405],{"class":72},"101",[50,46407,69],{"class":68},[50,46409,89],{"class":64},[50,46411,3016],{"class":101},[50,46413,1770],{"class":64},[20,46415,2091],{},[41,46417,46419],{"className":43,"code":46418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46420,46421,46426,46431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46422,46423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46424,46425],{"class":101},"42\n",[50,46427,46428],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46429,46430],{"class":101},"3\n",[50,46432,46433],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46434,2969],{"class":101},[20,46436,212,46437,46439],{},[15,46438,2900],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[219,46441,222,46443,225],{"id":46442},"what-int-does",[15,46444,2900],{},[20,46446,46447,46449],{},[15,46448,2900],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46451,13060],{},[233,46453,46454,46459,46462],{},[236,46455,46456,46457,7365],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46458,2209],{},[236,46460,46461],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[236,46463,46464],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46466,253],{},[41,46468,46470],{"className":43,"code":46469,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46471,46472,46484,46498,46502,46512,46522,46536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46473,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46475,34492],{"class":56},[50,46477,61],{"class":60},[50,46479,81],{"class":68},[50,46481,9220],{"class":72},[50,46483,3384],{"class":68},[50,46485,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494,46496],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46487,2237],{"class":56},[50,46489,61],{"class":60},[50,46491,45089],{"class":1779},[50,46493,122],{"class":64},[50,46495,34513],{"class":125},[50,46497,414],{"class":64},[50,46499,46500],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46501,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,46503,46504,46506,46508,46510],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,46505,119],{"class":118},[50,46507,122],{"class":64},[50,46509,34513],{"class":125},[50,46511,414],{"class":64},[50,46513,46514,46516,46518,46520],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,46515,119],{"class":118},[50,46517,122],{"class":64},[50,46519,2260],{"class":125},[50,46521,414],{"class":64},[50,46523,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532,46534],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,46525,119],{"class":118},[50,46527,122],{"class":64},[50,46529,1780],{"class":1779},[50,46531,122],{"class":64},[50,46533,34513],{"class":125},[50,46535,1770],{"class":64},[50,46537,46538,46540,46542,46544,46546,46548],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,46539,119],{"class":118},[50,46541,122],{"class":64},[50,46543,1780],{"class":1779},[50,46545,122],{"class":64},[50,46547,2260],{"class":125},[50,46549,1770],{"class":64},[20,46551,2091],{},[41,46553,46555],{"className":43,"code":46554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46556,46557,46561,46565,46579],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46558,46559],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46560,2732],{"class":101},[50,46562,46563],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46564,2732],{"class":101},[50,46566,46567,46569,46571,46573,46575,46577],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46568,3315],{"class":60},[50,46570,3318],{"class":2085},[50,46572,3321],{"class":68},[50,46574,3470],{"class":72},[50,46576,1736],{"class":68},[50,46578,3328],{"class":60},[50,46580,46581,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,46582,3315],{"class":60},[50,46584,3318],{"class":2085},[50,46586,3321],{"class":68},[50,46588,2209],{"class":72},[50,46590,1736],{"class":68},[50,46592,3328],{"class":60},[20,46594,46595,46596,46598],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46597,2900],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[219,46600,387],{"id":386},[41,46602,46604],{"className":43,"code":46603,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46605,46606,46616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46607,46608,46610,46612,46614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46609,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46611,122],{"class":64},[50,46613,2194],{"class":125},[50,46615,414],{"class":64},[50,46617,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626,46629],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46619,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46621,122],{"class":64},[50,46623,2194],{"class":125},[50,46625,89],{"class":64},[50,46627,46628],{"class":125}," base",[50,46630,414],{"class":64},[811,46632,46634],{"id":46633},"intx",[15,46635,46636],{},"int(x)",[20,46638,46639],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[233,46641,46642,46647,46652],{},[236,46643,46644,46645],{},"a string such as ",[15,46646,41937],{},[236,46648,46649,46650],{},"a float such as ",[15,46651,41795],{},[236,46653,46654,46655],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46656,3632],{},[20,46658,253],{},[41,46660,46662],{"className":43,"code":46661,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46663,46664,46682,46697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46665,46666,46668,46670,46672,46674,46676,46678,46680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46667,119],{"class":118},[50,46669,122],{"class":64},[50,46671,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46673,122],{"class":64},[50,46675,69],{"class":68},[50,46677,2352],{"class":72},[50,46679,69],{"class":68},[50,46681,1770],{"class":64},[50,46683,46684,46686,46688,46690,46692,46695],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46685,119],{"class":118},[50,46687,122],{"class":64},[50,46689,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46691,122],{"class":64},[50,46693,46694],{"class":101},"8.7",[50,46696,1770],{"class":64},[50,46698,46699,46701,46703,46705,46707,46709],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46700,119],{"class":118},[50,46702,122],{"class":64},[50,46704,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46706,122],{"class":64},[50,46708,3632],{"class":1494},[50,46710,1770],{"class":64},[20,46712,2091],{},[41,46714,46716],{"className":43,"code":46715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46717,46718,46722,46726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46719,46720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46721,2398],{"class":101},[50,46723,46724],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46725,2403],{"class":101},[50,46727,46728],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46729,46730],{"class":101},"1\n",[811,46732,46734],{"id":46733},"intx-base",[15,46735,46736],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46738,46739,46740,46742],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46741,2194],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46744,46745],{},"Common bases:",[233,46747,46748,46753,46758],{},[236,46749,46750,46752],{},[15,46751,2076],{}," for binary",[236,46754,46755,46757],{},[15,46756,2367],{}," for octal",[236,46759,46760,46763],{},[15,46761,46762],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46765,253],{},[41,46767,46769],{"className":43,"code":46768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46770,46771,46793,46816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46772,46773,46775,46777,46779,46781,46783,46785,46787,46789,46791],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46774,119],{"class":118},[50,46776,122],{"class":64},[50,46778,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46780,122],{"class":64},[50,46782,69],{"class":68},[50,46784,46405],{"class":72},[50,46786,69],{"class":68},[50,46788,89],{"class":64},[50,46790,3016],{"class":101},[50,46792,1770],{"class":64},[50,46794,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803,46805,46808,46810,46812,46814],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46796,119],{"class":118},[50,46798,122],{"class":64},[50,46800,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46802,122],{"class":64},[50,46804,69],{"class":68},[50,46806,46807],{"class":72},"17",[50,46809,69],{"class":68},[50,46811,89],{"class":64},[50,46813,1158],{"class":101},[50,46815,1770],{"class":64},[50,46817,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46828,46831,46833,46835,46837],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46819,119],{"class":118},[50,46821,122],{"class":64},[50,46823,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46825,122],{"class":64},[50,46827,69],{"class":68},[50,46829,46830],{"class":72},"1A",[50,46832,69],{"class":68},[50,46834,89],{"class":64},[50,46836,13993],{"class":101},[50,46838,1770],{"class":64},[20,46840,2091],{},[41,46842,46844],{"className":43,"code":46843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46845,46846,46850,46855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46847,46848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46849,2969],{"class":101},[50,46851,46852],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46853,46854],{"class":101},"15\n",[50,46856,46857],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46858,46859],{"class":101},"26\n",[20,46861,46862,46863,129],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[380,46864,46865,2324],{"href":2904},[15,46866,2907],{},[219,46868,8444,46870,46872],{"id":46869},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46871,2900],{}," with strings",[20,46874,46875,46877],{},[15,46876,2900],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46879,46880],{},"Examples that work:",[41,46882,46884],{"className":43,"code":46883,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46885,46886,46904,46922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46887,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896,46898,46900,46902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46889,119],{"class":118},[50,46891,122],{"class":64},[50,46893,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46895,122],{"class":64},[50,46897,69],{"class":68},[50,46899,2157],{"class":72},[50,46901,69],{"class":68},[50,46903,1770],{"class":64},[50,46905,46906,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916,46918,46920],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46907,119],{"class":118},[50,46909,122],{"class":64},[50,46911,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46913,122],{"class":64},[50,46915,69],{"class":68},[50,46917,2313],{"class":72},[50,46919,69],{"class":68},[50,46921,1770],{"class":64},[50,46923,46924,46926,46928,46930,46932,46934,46937,46939],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46925,119],{"class":118},[50,46927,122],{"class":64},[50,46929,2209],{"class":1779},[50,46931,122],{"class":64},[50,46933,69],{"class":68},[50,46935,46936],{"class":72},"  42  ",[50,46938,69],{"class":68},[50,46940,1770],{"class":64},[20,46942,2091],{},[41,46944,46946],{"className":43,"code":46945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46947,46948,46952,46958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46949,46950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46951,2969],{"class":101},[50,46953,46954,46956],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46955,2041],{"class":60},[50,46957,2245],{"class":101},[50,46959,46960],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46961,46425],{"class":101},[20,46963,46964],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46966,46967],{},"Examples that fail:",[41,46969,46971],{"className":43,"code":46970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46972,46973,46978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46974,46975],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46976,46977],{"class":146},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[50,46979,46980],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46981,46982],{"class":146},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46984,46985,46986,46988],{},"These raise ",[15,46987,40514],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[811,46990,46992],{"id":46991},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[41,46994,46996],{"className":43,"code":46995,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46997,46998,47016,47035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46999,47000,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47001,119],{"class":118},[50,47003,122],{"class":64},[50,47005,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47007,122],{"class":64},[50,47009,69],{"class":68},[50,47011,1215],{"class":72},[50,47013,69],{"class":68},[50,47015,1770],{"class":64},[50,47017,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028,47031,47033],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47019,119],{"class":118},[50,47021,122],{"class":64},[50,47023,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47025,122],{"class":64},[50,47027,69],{"class":68},[50,47029,47030],{"class":72},"+7",[50,47032,69],{"class":68},[50,47034,1770],{"class":64},[50,47036,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045,47047,47050,47052],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47038,119],{"class":118},[50,47040,122],{"class":64},[50,47042,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47044,122],{"class":64},[50,47046,69],{"class":68},[50,47048,47049],{"class":72},"-100",[50,47051,69],{"class":68},[50,47053,1770],{"class":64},[20,47055,2091],{},[41,47057,47059],{"className":43,"code":47058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47060,47061,47066,47070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47062,47063],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47064,47065],{"class":101},"0\n",[50,47067,47068],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47069,2101],{"class":101},[50,47071,47072,47074],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47073,2041],{"class":60},[50,47075,47076],{"class":101},"100\n",[811,47078,47080],{"id":47079},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[41,47082,47084],{"className":43,"code":47083,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47085,47086,47124,47128,47140,47147,47162,47177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47087,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117,47120,47122],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47089,3848],{"class":56},[50,47091,61],{"class":60},[50,47093,3652],{"class":64},[50,47095,69],{"class":68},[50,47097,39953],{"class":72},[50,47099,69],{"class":68},[50,47101,89],{"class":64},[50,47103,81],{"class":68},[50,47105,47106],{"class":72},"12abc",[50,47108,69],{"class":68},[50,47110,89],{"class":64},[50,47112,6150],{"class":68},[50,47114,89],{"class":64},[50,47116,81],{"class":68},[50,47118,47119],{"class":72},"seven",[50,47121,69],{"class":68},[50,47123,788],{"class":64},[50,47125,47126],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47127,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,47129,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47131,5982],{"class":1622},[50,47133,21382],{"class":56},[50,47135,1562],{"class":1622},[50,47137,3908],{"class":56},[50,47139,6417],{"class":64},[50,47141,47142,47145],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,47143,47144],{"class":1622},"    try",[50,47146,6417],{"class":64},[50,47148,47149,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,47150,47151],{"class":118},"        print",[50,47153,122],{"class":64},[50,47155,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47157,122],{"class":64},[50,47159,2495],{"class":125},[50,47161,1770],{"class":64},[50,47163,47164,47167,47169,47172,47175],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,47165,47166],{"class":1622},"    except",[50,47168,41737],{"class":1779},[50,47170,47171],{"class":1622}," as",[50,47173,47174],{"class":56}," error",[50,47176,6417],{"class":64},[50,47178,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191,47194,47196,47199,47201,47204,47206,47208],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,47180,47151],{"class":118},[50,47182,122],{"class":64},[50,47184,22092],{"class":2085},[50,47186,69],{"class":72},[50,47188,9304],{"class":101},[50,47190,2495],{"class":125},[50,47192,47193],{"class":2085},"!r",[50,47195,22101],{"class":101},[50,47197,47198],{"class":72}," -> ",[50,47200,9304],{"class":101},[50,47202,47203],{"class":125},"error",[50,47205,22101],{"class":101},[50,47207,69],{"class":72},[50,47209,414],{"class":64},[20,47211,2091],{},[41,47213,47215],{"className":43,"code":47214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47216,47217,47253,47285,47310],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47218,47219,47221,47223,47225,47228,47231,47233,47235,47237,47240,47243,47245,47247,47249,47251],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47220,1736],{"class":43140},[50,47222,39953],{"class":43144},[50,47224,1736],{"class":43140},[50,47226,47227],{"class":37175}," ->",[50,47229,47230],{"class":56}," invalid literal ",[50,47232,5982],{"class":1622},[50,47234,45089],{"class":1779},[50,47236,7391],{"class":64},[50,47238,47239],{"class":1622}," with",[50,47241,47242],{"class":56}," base ",[50,47244,2352],{"class":101},[50,47246,78],{"class":64},[50,47248,3321],{"class":68},[50,47250,39953],{"class":72},[50,47252,29501],{"class":68},[50,47254,47255,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47256,1736],{"class":68},[50,47258,47106],{"class":72},[50,47260,1736],{"class":68},[50,47262,47227],{"class":37175},[50,47264,47230],{"class":56},[50,47266,5982],{"class":1622},[50,47268,45089],{"class":1779},[50,47270,7391],{"class":64},[50,47272,47239],{"class":1622},[50,47274,47242],{"class":56},[50,47276,2352],{"class":101},[50,47278,78],{"class":64},[50,47280,3321],{"class":68},[50,47282,47106],{"class":72},[50,47284,29501],{"class":68},[50,47286,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305,47307],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47288,3801],{"class":68},[50,47290,47227],{"class":37175},[50,47292,47230],{"class":56},[50,47294,5982],{"class":1622},[50,47296,45089],{"class":1779},[50,47298,7391],{"class":64},[50,47300,47239],{"class":1622},[50,47302,47242],{"class":56},[50,47304,2352],{"class":101},[50,47306,78],{"class":64},[50,47308,47309],{"class":68}," ''\n",[50,47311,47312,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338,47340],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,47313,1736],{"class":68},[50,47315,47119],{"class":72},[50,47317,1736],{"class":68},[50,47319,47227],{"class":37175},[50,47321,47230],{"class":56},[50,47323,5982],{"class":1622},[50,47325,45089],{"class":1779},[50,47327,7391],{"class":64},[50,47329,47239],{"class":1622},[50,47331,47242],{"class":56},[50,47333,2352],{"class":101},[50,47335,78],{"class":64},[50,47337,3321],{"class":68},[50,47339,47119],{"class":72},[50,47341,29501],{"class":68},[20,47343,47344,47345,47347,47348,129],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[380,47346,9010],{"href":9009}," and the ",[380,47349,47350,2324],{"href":8245},[15,47351,2980],{},[219,47353,8444,47355,47357],{"id":47354},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47356,2900],{}," with floats",[20,47359,47360,47361,47363],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47362,2900],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47365,47366,47367,14059,47369,47371],{},"Important: ",[15,47368,2900],{},[997,47370,1262],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[41,47373,47375],{"className":43,"code":47374,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47376,47377,47391,47406,47422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47378,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47380,119],{"class":118},[50,47382,122],{"class":64},[50,47384,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47386,122],{"class":64},[50,47388,41795],{"class":101},[50,47390,1770],{"class":64},[50,47392,47393,47395,47397,47399,47401,47404],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47394,119],{"class":118},[50,47396,122],{"class":64},[50,47398,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47400,122],{"class":64},[50,47402,47403],{"class":101},"3.1",[50,47405,1770],{"class":64},[50,47407,47408,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47409,119],{"class":118},[50,47411,122],{"class":64},[50,47413,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47415,122],{"class":64},[50,47417,2041],{"class":60},[50,47419,41795],{"class":101},[50,47421,1770],{"class":64},[50,47423,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,47425,119],{"class":118},[50,47427,122],{"class":64},[50,47429,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47431,122],{"class":64},[50,47433,2041],{"class":60},[50,47435,47403],{"class":101},[50,47437,1770],{"class":64},[20,47439,2091],{},[41,47441,47443],{"className":43,"code":47442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47444,47445,47449,47453,47459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47446,47447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47448,46430],{"class":101},[50,47450,47451],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47452,46430],{"class":101},[50,47454,47455,47457],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47456,2041],{"class":60},[50,47458,46430],{"class":101},[50,47460,47461,47463],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,47462,2041],{"class":60},[50,47464,46430],{"class":101},[20,47466,47467],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[233,47469,47470,47477],{},[236,47471,47472,41966,47475],{},[15,47473,47474],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47476,2082],{},[236,47478,47479,41966,47482],{},[15,47480,47481],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47483,47484],{},"-3",[20,47486,47487,47488,47492,47493,129],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[380,47489,47490],{"href":2904},[15,47491,2907],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[380,47494,47495],{"href":41986},[15,47496,47497],{},"str()",[219,47499,8444,47501,47503],{"id":47500},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47502,2900],{}," with booleans",[20,47505,47506],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[41,47508,47510],{"className":43,"code":47509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47511,47512,47526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47513,47514,47516,47518,47520,47522,47524],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47515,119],{"class":118},[50,47517,122],{"class":64},[50,47519,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47521,122],{"class":64},[50,47523,3632],{"class":1494},[50,47525,1770],{"class":64},[50,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47529,119],{"class":118},[50,47531,122],{"class":64},[50,47533,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47535,122],{"class":64},[50,47537,3702],{"class":1494},[50,47539,1770],{"class":64},[20,47541,2091],{},[41,47543,47545],{"className":43,"code":47544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n0\n",[15,47546,47547,47551],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47548,47549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47550,46730],{"class":101},[50,47552,47553],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47554,47065],{"class":101},[20,47556,47557],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[41,47559,47561],{"className":43,"code":47560,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47562,47563,47572,47587,47591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47564,47565,47568,47570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47566,47567],{"class":56},"passed ",[50,47569,61],{"class":60},[50,47571,6447],{"class":1494},[50,47573,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47585],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47575,40993],{"class":56},[50,47577,61],{"class":60},[50,47579,45089],{"class":1779},[50,47581,122],{"class":64},[50,47583,47584],{"class":125},"passed",[50,47586,414],{"class":64},[50,47588,47589],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47590,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,47592,47593,47595,47597,47599],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,47594,119],{"class":118},[50,47596,122],{"class":64},[50,47598,41022],{"class":125},[50,47600,414],{"class":64},[20,47602,2091],{},[41,47604,47605],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47606,47607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47608,47609],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47610,46730],{"class":101},[20,47612,47613,47614,129],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[380,47615,47616,2324],{"href":5804},[15,47617,3838],{},[219,47619,47621],{"id":47620},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47623,47624,47625,47628],{},"Use the ",[15,47626,47627],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[811,47630,47632],{"id":47631},"binary-example","Binary example",[41,47634,47636],{"className":43,"code":47635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47637,47638],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47639,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47641,119],{"class":118},[50,47643,122],{"class":64},[50,47645,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47647,122],{"class":64},[50,47649,69],{"class":68},[50,47651,46405],{"class":72},[50,47653,69],{"class":68},[50,47655,89],{"class":64},[50,47657,3016],{"class":101},[50,47659,1770],{"class":64},[20,47661,2091],{},[41,47663,47664],{"className":43,"code":2969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47665,47666],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47667,47668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47669,2969],{"class":101},[20,47671,47672,47675],{},[15,47673,47674],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[233,47677,47678,47683,47688],{},[236,47679,47680],{},[15,47681,47682],{},"1 × 4",[236,47684,47685],{},[15,47686,47687],{},"0 × 2",[236,47689,47690],{},[15,47691,47692],{},"1 × 1",[20,47694,47695,47696,129],{},"So the result is ",[15,47697,2157],{},[811,47699,47701],{"id":47700},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[41,47703,47705],{"className":43,"code":47704,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47706,47707],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47708,47709,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719,47721,47723,47725,47727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47710,119],{"class":118},[50,47712,122],{"class":64},[50,47714,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47716,122],{"class":64},[50,47718,69],{"class":68},[50,47720,46830],{"class":72},[50,47722,69],{"class":68},[50,47724,89],{"class":64},[50,47726,13993],{"class":101},[50,47728,1770],{"class":64},[20,47730,2091],{},[41,47732,47733],{"className":43,"code":46859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47734,47735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47736,47737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47738,46859],{"class":101},[811,47740,47742],{"id":47741},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47744,228,47745,47747],{},[15,47746,47627],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47749,47750],{},"Good:",[41,47752,47753],{"className":43,"code":47635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47754,47755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47756,47757,47759,47761,47763,47765,47767,47769,47771,47773,47775],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47758,119],{"class":118},[50,47760,122],{"class":64},[50,47762,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47764,122],{"class":64},[50,47766,69],{"class":68},[50,47768,46405],{"class":72},[50,47770,69],{"class":68},[50,47772,89],{"class":64},[50,47774,3016],{"class":101},[50,47776,1770],{"class":64},[20,47778,47779],{},"Not correct:",[41,47781,47783],{"className":43,"code":47782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47784,47785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47786,47787],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47788,47782],{"class":146},[20,47790,47791,47792,8629,47794,47796],{},"That causes a ",[15,47793,3029],{},[15,47795,47627],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[219,47798,47800],{"id":47799},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47802,47803,47804,47806,47807,1846,47809,129],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47805,2900],{}," are ",[15,47808,40514],{},[15,47810,3029],{},[811,47812,47813],{"id":41324},[15,47814,40514],{},[20,47816,47817],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47819,253],{},[41,47821,47823],{"className":43,"code":47822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47824,47825,47831,47849,47861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47826,47827,47829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47828,29605],{"class":1622},[50,47830,6417],{"class":64},[50,47832,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845,47847],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47834,8094],{"class":118},[50,47836,122],{"class":64},[50,47838,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47840,122],{"class":64},[50,47842,69],{"class":68},[50,47844,39953],{"class":72},[50,47846,69],{"class":68},[50,47848,1770],{"class":64},[50,47850,47851,47853,47855,47857,47859],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47852,29636],{"class":1622},[50,47854,41737],{"class":1779},[50,47856,47171],{"class":1622},[50,47858,47174],{"class":56},[50,47860,6417],{"class":64},[50,47862,47863,47865,47867,47869],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,47864,8094],{"class":118},[50,47866,122],{"class":64},[50,47868,47203],{"class":125},[50,47870,414],{"class":64},[20,47872,2091],{},[41,47874,47876],{"className":43,"code":47875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47877,47878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47879,47880,47883,47885,47887,47889,47891,47893,47895,47897,47899,47901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47881,47882],{"class":56},"invalid literal ",[50,47884,5982],{"class":1622},[50,47886,45089],{"class":1779},[50,47888,7391],{"class":64},[50,47890,47239],{"class":1622},[50,47892,47242],{"class":56},[50,47894,2352],{"class":101},[50,47896,78],{"class":64},[50,47898,3321],{"class":68},[50,47900,39953],{"class":72},[50,47902,29501],{"class":68},[20,47904,47905,47906,47909,47910,47912],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47907,47908],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47911,2900],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[41,47914,47916],{"className":43,"code":47915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47917,47918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47919,47920,47922,47924,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934,47936,47938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47921,119],{"class":118},[50,47923,122],{"class":64},[50,47925,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47927,122],{"class":64},[50,47929,2212],{"class":1779},[50,47931,122],{"class":64},[50,47933,69],{"class":68},[50,47935,39953],{"class":72},[50,47937,69],{"class":68},[50,47939,1799],{"class":64},[20,47941,2091],{},[41,47943,47944],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47945,47946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47947,47948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47949,46430],{"class":101},[20,47951,47952,47953,1846,47956,129],{},"If you see this often, read ",[380,47954,47955],{"href":2984},"how to convert string to int in Python",[380,47957,25479,47958],{"href":45729},[15,47959,45730],{},[811,47961,47962],{"id":41390},[15,47963,3029],{},[20,47965,47966],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47968,253],{},[41,47970,47972],{"className":43,"code":47971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47973,47974,47980,47994,48007],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47975,47976,47978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47977,29605],{"class":1622},[50,47979,6417],{"class":64},[50,47981,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47983,8094],{"class":118},[50,47985,122],{"class":64},[50,47987,2209],{"class":1779},[50,47989,122],{"class":64},[50,47991,38],{"class":1494},[50,47993,1770],{"class":64},[50,47995,47996,47998,48001,48003,48005],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47997,29636],{"class":1622},[50,47999,48000],{"class":1779}," TypeError",[50,48002,47171],{"class":1622},[50,48004,47174],{"class":56},[50,48006,6417],{"class":64},[50,48008,48009,48011,48013,48015],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,48010,8094],{"class":118},[50,48012,122],{"class":64},[50,48014,47203],{"class":125},[50,48016,414],{"class":64},[20,48018,2091],{},[41,48020,48022],{"className":43,"code":48021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48023,48024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48025,48026,48028,48030,48033,48035,48037,48040,48042,48045,48047,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48027,2209],{"class":1779},[50,48029,7391],{"class":64},[50,48031,48032],{"class":56}," argument must be a string",[50,48034,89],{"class":64},[50,48036,44357],{"class":56},[50,48038,48039],{"class":1779},"bytes",[50,48041,2041],{"class":60},[50,48043,48044],{"class":56},"like ",[50,48046,42210],{"class":1779},[50,48048,48049],{"class":60}," or",[50,48051,40650],{"class":56},[50,48053,89],{"class":64},[50,48055,8125],{"class":60},[50,48057,3321],{"class":68},[50,48059,48060],{"class":72},"NoneType",[50,48062,29501],{"class":68},[20,48064,48065,48066,48068],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48067,47627],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[41,48070,48072],{"className":43,"code":48071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48073,48074,48080,48098,48110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48075,48076,48078],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48077,29605],{"class":1622},[50,48079,6417],{"class":64},[50,48081,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092,48094,48096],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48083,8094],{"class":118},[50,48085,122],{"class":64},[50,48087,2209],{"class":1779},[50,48089,122],{"class":64},[50,48091,46405],{"class":101},[50,48093,89],{"class":64},[50,48095,3016],{"class":101},[50,48097,1770],{"class":64},[50,48099,48100,48102,48104,48106,48108],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48101,29636],{"class":1622},[50,48103,48000],{"class":1779},[50,48105,47171],{"class":1622},[50,48107,47174],{"class":56},[50,48109,6417],{"class":64},[50,48111,48112,48114,48116,48118],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,48113,8094],{"class":118},[50,48115,122],{"class":64},[50,48117,47203],{"class":125},[50,48119,414],{"class":64},[20,48121,2091],{},[41,48123,48125],{"className":43,"code":48124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48126,48127],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48128,48129,48131,48133,48136,48138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48130,2209],{"class":1779},[50,48132,7391],{"class":64},[50,48134,48135],{"class":56}," can",[50,48137,1736],{"class":68},[50,48139,48140],{"class":72},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[219,48142,582,48144],{"id":48143},"when-to-use-int",[15,48145,2900],{},[20,48147,212,48148,48150],{},[15,48149,2900],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48152,48153],{},"Common uses:",[233,48155,48156,48162,48165,48168],{},[236,48157,48158,48159,48161],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48160,2980],{}," into integers",[236,48163,48164],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[236,48166,48167],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[236,48169,48170,48171,36423],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48172,47627],{},[20,48174,48175],{},"Example with user input:",[41,48177,48179],{"className":43,"code":48178,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48180,48181,48195,48210,48214],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48182,48183,48186,48188,48190,48193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48184,48185],{"class":56},"age_text ",[50,48187,61],{"class":60},[50,48189,81],{"class":68},[50,48191,48192],{"class":72},"18",[50,48194,3384],{"class":68},[50,48196,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205,48208],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48198,21426],{"class":56},[50,48200,61],{"class":60},[50,48202,45089],{"class":1779},[50,48204,122],{"class":64},[50,48206,48207],{"class":125},"age_text",[50,48209,414],{"class":64},[50,48211,48212],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48213,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48215,48216,48218,48220,48222,48224,48226],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,48217,119],{"class":118},[50,48219,122],{"class":64},[50,48221,21426],{"class":125},[50,48223,2079],{"class":60},[50,48225,5521],{"class":101},[50,48227,414],{"class":64},[20,48229,2091],{},[41,48231,48233],{"className":43,"code":48232,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"19\n",[15,48234,48235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48236,48237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48238,48232],{"class":101},[219,48240,1663],{"id":1662},[20,48242,14738,48243,129],{},[15,48244,2900],{},[811,48246,48248],{"id":48247},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48250,48251],{},"This fails:",[41,48253,48255],{"className":43,"code":48254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48256,48257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48258,48259],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48260,48254],{"class":146},[20,48262,48263,48264,48267],{},"Why: ",[15,48265,48266],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48269,18830],{},[41,48271,48273],{"className":43,"code":48272,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48274,48275],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48276,48277,48279,48281,48283,48285,48287,48289,48291,48293,48295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48278,119],{"class":118},[50,48280,122],{"class":64},[50,48282,2209],{"class":1779},[50,48284,122],{"class":64},[50,48286,2212],{"class":1779},[50,48288,122],{"class":64},[50,48290,69],{"class":68},[50,48292,40934],{"class":72},[50,48294,69],{"class":68},[50,48296,1799],{"class":64},[811,48298,48300],{"id":48299},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48302,48251],{},[41,48304,48306],{"className":43,"code":48305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48307,48308],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48309,48310],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48311,48305],{"class":146},[20,48313,48314],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[811,48316,48318,48319],{"id":48317},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48320,48321],{},"int(None)",[20,48323,48324,48325,48327],{},"This fails because ",[15,48326,38],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[41,48329,48331],{"className":43,"code":48330,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48332,48333,48342,48346,48352,48366,48378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48334,48335,48337,48339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48336,2468],{"class":56},[50,48338,61],{"class":60},[50,48340,48341],{"class":1494}," None\n",[50,48343,48344],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48345,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48347,48348,48350],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48349,29605],{"class":1622},[50,48351,6417],{"class":64},[50,48353,48354,48356,48358,48360,48362,48364],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,48355,8094],{"class":118},[50,48357,122],{"class":64},[50,48359,2209],{"class":1779},[50,48361,122],{"class":64},[50,48363,2495],{"class":125},[50,48365,1770],{"class":64},[50,48367,48368,48370,48372,48374,48376],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,48369,29636],{"class":1622},[50,48371,48000],{"class":1779},[50,48373,47171],{"class":1622},[50,48375,47174],{"class":56},[50,48377,6417],{"class":64},[50,48379,48380,48382,48384,48386],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,48381,8094],{"class":118},[50,48383,122],{"class":64},[50,48385,47203],{"class":125},[50,48387,414],{"class":64},[811,48389,48391],{"id":48390},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48393,48251],{},[41,48395,48396],{"className":43,"code":47782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48397,48398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48399,48400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48401,47782],{"class":146},[20,48403,48404],{},"Use a string instead:",[41,48406,48407],{"className":43,"code":47635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48408,48409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48410,48411,48413,48415,48417,48419,48421,48423,48425,48427,48429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48412,119],{"class":118},[50,48414,122],{"class":64},[50,48416,2209],{"class":1779},[50,48418,122],{"class":64},[50,48420,69],{"class":68},[50,48422,46405],{"class":72},[50,48424,69],{"class":68},[50,48426,89],{"class":64},[50,48428,3016],{"class":101},[50,48430,1770],{"class":64},[811,48432,8480,48434,48436],{"id":48433},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48435,2900],{}," to round",[20,48438,48439],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[41,48441,48443],{"className":43,"code":48442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48444,48445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48446,48447,48449,48451,48453,48455,48458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48448,119],{"class":118},[50,48450,122],{"class":64},[50,48452,2209],{"class":1779},[50,48454,122],{"class":64},[50,48456,48457],{"class":101},"4.9",[50,48459,1770],{"class":64},[20,48461,2091],{},[41,48463,48465],{"className":43,"code":48464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4\n",[15,48466,48467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48468,48469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48470,48464],{"class":101},[20,48472,3194,48473,48475,48476,48478],{},[15,48474,2157],{},", remember that ",[15,48477,2900],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[219,48480,1857],{"id":1856},[811,48482,1861,48484,48486],{"id":48483},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48485,2900],{}," round numbers?",[20,48488,46178,48489,48491],{},[15,48490,2900],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[811,48493,5180,48495,48498],{"id":48494},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48496,48497],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48500,28862,48501,48503,48504,48506,48507,39739],{},[15,48502,47908],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48505,2907],{}," first, then use ",[15,48508,2900],{},[811,48510,5164,48512,12726],{"id":48511},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48513,48514],{},"int(True)",[20,48516,5170,48517,28114,48519,41966,48521,129],{},[15,48518,3011],{},[15,48520,3702],{},[15,48522,1215],{},[811,48524,48526],{"id":48525},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48528,48529],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[219,48531,1909],{"id":1908},[233,48533,48534,48540,48546,48552,48557,48561,48567],{},[236,48535,48536],{},[380,48537,48538,3536],{"href":2904},[15,48539,2907],{},[236,48541,48542],{},[380,48543,48544,3536],{"href":41986},[15,48545,47497],{},[236,48547,48548],{},[380,48549,48550,3536],{"href":5804},[15,48551,3838],{},[236,48553,48554],{},[380,48555,48556],{"href":2984},"How to convert string to int in Python",[236,48558,48559],{},[380,48560,9087],{"href":9009},[236,48562,48563],{},[380,48564,48565,3536],{"href":8245},[15,48566,2980],{},[236,48568,48569],{},[380,48570,30149,48571],{"href":45729},[15,48572,45730],{},[1944,48574,48575],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":48577},[48578,48579,48581,48585,48590,48592,48594,48599,48603,48605,48614,48623],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":46442,"depth":108,"text":48580},"What int() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":48582},[48583,48584],{"id":46633,"depth":115,"text":46636},{"id":46733,"depth":115,"text":46736},{"id":46869,"depth":108,"text":48586,"children":48587},"Using int() with strings",[48588,48589],{"id":46991,"depth":115,"text":46992},{"id":47079,"depth":115,"text":47080},{"id":47354,"depth":108,"text":48591},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47500,"depth":108,"text":48593},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47620,"depth":108,"text":47621,"children":48595},[48596,48597,48598],{"id":47631,"depth":115,"text":47632},{"id":47700,"depth":115,"text":47701},{"id":47741,"depth":115,"text":47742},{"id":47799,"depth":108,"text":47800,"children":48600},[48601,48602],{"id":41324,"depth":115,"text":40514},{"id":41390,"depth":115,"text":3029},{"id":48143,"depth":108,"text":48604},"When to use int()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":48606},[48607,48608,48609,48611,48612],{"id":48247,"depth":115,"text":48248},{"id":48299,"depth":115,"text":48300},{"id":48317,"depth":115,"text":48610},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48390,"depth":115,"text":48391},{"id":48433,"depth":115,"text":48613},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":48615},[48616,48618,48620,48622],{"id":48483,"depth":115,"text":48617},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48494,"depth":115,"text":48619},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48511,"depth":115,"text":48621},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48525,"depth":115,"text":48526},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41907,"description":48624},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48631,"title":48632,"body":48633,"description":50469,"extension":1981,"meta":50470,"navigation":111,"path":44615,"seo":50471,"stem":50472,"__hash__":50473},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48634,"toc":50425},[48635,48640,48645,48653,48662,48664,48723,48729,48734,48739,48742,48770,48773,48776,48787,48797,48799,48801,48821,48825,48853,48855,48894,48896,48904,48906,48909,48913,48966,48968,48980,48984,49041,49043,49055,49061,49067,49071,49074,49077,49143,49145,49157,49163,49165,49217,49220,49261,49264,49271,49280,49286,49289,49322,49328,49331,49362,49368,49371,49383,49387,49392,49396,49554,49556,49571,49574,49578,49682,49684,49701,49705,49766,49768,49776,49779,49783,49850,49852,49861,49867,49869,49878,49880,49915,49920,49922,49952,49956,49958,49995,49998,50000,50037,50043,50045,50095,50097,50105,50115,50121,50125,50130,50179,50181,50194,50197,50199,50202,50277,50280,50299,50302,50332,50342,50344,50349,50356,50362,50368,50375,50383,50389,50392,50394,50422],[10,48636,3603,48638,3607],{"id":48637},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48639,44618],{},[20,48641,48642,48644],{},[15,48643,44618],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48646,48647,48648,2901,48650,48652],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48649,3632],{},[15,48651,3702],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48654,48655,48656,48658,48659,48661],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48657,44618],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48660,2323],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[219,48663,3637],{"id":3636},[41,48665,48667],{"className":43,"code":48666,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48668,48669,48677,48681,48702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48670,48671,48673,48675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48672,2468],{"class":56},[50,48674,61],{"class":60},[50,48676,2610],{"class":101},[50,48678,48679],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48680,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48682,48683,48685,48687,48690,48692,48694,48696,48698,48700],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48684,119],{"class":118},[50,48686,122],{"class":64},[50,48688,48689],{"class":118},"isinstance",[50,48691,122],{"class":64},[50,48693,2495],{"class":125},[50,48695,89],{"class":64},[50,48697,45089],{"class":1779},[50,48699,143],{"class":64},[50,48701,43667],{"class":146},[50,48703,48704,48706,48708,48710,48712,48714,48716,48719,48721],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,48705,119],{"class":118},[50,48707,122],{"class":64},[50,48709,48689],{"class":118},[50,48711,122],{"class":64},[50,48713,2495],{"class":125},[50,48715,89],{"class":64},[50,48717,48718],{"class":1779}," str",[50,48720,143],{"class":64},[50,48722,43684],{"class":146},[20,48724,212,48725,48728],{},[15,48726,48727],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[219,48730,222,48732,225],{"id":48731},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48733,44618],{},[20,48735,48736,48738],{},[15,48737,44618],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48740,48741],{},"It:",[233,48743,48744,48747,48753,48756],{},[236,48745,48746],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[236,48748,241,48749,2901,48751],{},[15,48750,3632],{},[15,48752,3702],{},[236,48754,48755],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[236,48757,48758,48759,32,48761,32,48763,32,48765,17069,48768],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48760,3470],{},[15,48762,2209],{},[15,48764,8119],{},[15,48766,48767],{},"tuple",[15,48769,8850],{},[20,48771,48772],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48774,48775],{},"For example, you might want to:",[233,48777,48778,48781,48784],{},[236,48779,48780],{},"loop through a list",[236,48782,48783],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[236,48785,48786],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48788,48789,48790,2901,48793,129],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[380,48791,44610],{"href":48792},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[380,48794,48796],{"href":48795},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[219,48798,387],{"id":386},[20,48800,2180],{},[41,48802,48804],{"className":43,"code":48803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48805,48806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48807,48808,48810,48812,48814,48816,48819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48809,48689],{"class":118},[50,48811,122],{"class":64},[50,48813,42210],{"class":1779},[50,48815,89],{"class":64},[50,48817,48818],{"class":125}," classinfo",[50,48820,414],{"class":64},[811,48822,48824],{"id":48823},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[233,48826,48827,48832,48846],{},[236,48828,48829,48831],{},[15,48830,42210],{}," is the value you want to test",[236,48833,48834,48837,48838,32,48840,32,48842,2213,48844],{},[15,48835,48836],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48839,2209],{},[15,48841,3470],{},[15,48843,8119],{},[15,48845,8850],{},[236,48847,48848,48849,2901,48851],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48850,3632],{},[15,48852,3702],{},[20,48854,253],{},[41,48856,48858],{"className":43,"code":48857,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48859,48860,48872,48876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48861,48862,48864,48866,48868,48870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48863,7903],{"class":56},[50,48865,61],{"class":60},[50,48867,81],{"class":68},[50,48869,11523],{"class":72},[50,48871,3384],{"class":68},[50,48873,48874],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48875,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48877,48878,48880,48882,48884,48886,48888,48890,48892],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48879,119],{"class":118},[50,48881,122],{"class":64},[50,48883,48689],{"class":118},[50,48885,122],{"class":64},[50,48887,73],{"class":125},[50,48889,89],{"class":64},[50,48891,48718],{"class":1779},[50,48893,1770],{"class":64},[20,48895,2091],{},[41,48897,48898],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48899,48900],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48901,48902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48903,4002],{"class":1494},[219,48905,11490],{"id":11489},[20,48907,48908],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[811,48910,48912],{"id":48911},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[41,48914,48916],{"className":43,"code":48915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48917,48918,48926,48930,48948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48919,48920,48922,48924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48921,2468],{"class":56},[50,48923,61],{"class":60},[50,48925,45038],{"class":101},[50,48927,48928],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48929,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48931,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940,48942,48944,48946],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48933,119],{"class":118},[50,48935,122],{"class":64},[50,48937,48689],{"class":118},[50,48939,122],{"class":64},[50,48941,2495],{"class":125},[50,48943,89],{"class":64},[50,48945,45089],{"class":1779},[50,48947,1770],{"class":64},[50,48949,48950,48952,48954,48956,48958,48960,48962,48964],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,48951,119],{"class":118},[50,48953,122],{"class":64},[50,48955,48689],{"class":118},[50,48957,122],{"class":64},[50,48959,2495],{"class":125},[50,48961,89],{"class":64},[50,48963,48718],{"class":1779},[50,48965,1770],{"class":64},[20,48967,2091],{},[41,48969,48970],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48971,48972,48976],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48973,48974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48975,4002],{"class":1494},[50,48977,48978],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48979,4063],{"class":1494},[811,48981,48983],{"id":48982},"check-text","Check text",[41,48985,48987],{"className":43,"code":48986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48988,48989,49001,49005,49023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48990,48991,48993,48995,48997,48999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48992,34492],{"class":56},[50,48994,61],{"class":60},[50,48996,81],{"class":68},[50,48998,3870],{"class":72},[50,49000,3384],{"class":68},[50,49002,49003],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49004,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49006,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49021],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49008,119],{"class":118},[50,49010,122],{"class":64},[50,49012,48689],{"class":118},[50,49014,122],{"class":64},[50,49016,34513],{"class":125},[50,49018,89],{"class":64},[50,49020,48718],{"class":1779},[50,49022,1770],{"class":64},[50,49024,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033,49035,49037,49039],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,49026,119],{"class":118},[50,49028,122],{"class":64},[50,49030,48689],{"class":118},[50,49032,122],{"class":64},[50,49034,34513],{"class":125},[50,49036,89],{"class":64},[50,49038,45089],{"class":1779},[50,49040,1770],{"class":64},[20,49042,2091],{},[41,49044,49045],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49046,49047,49051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49048,49049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49050,4002],{"class":1494},[50,49052,49053],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49054,4063],{"class":1494},[20,49056,49057,49058,49060],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49059,44618],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49062,49063,49064,129],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[380,49065,49066],{"href":2984},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[219,49068,49070],{"id":49069},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49072,49073],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49075,49076],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[41,49078,49080],{"className":43,"code":49079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49081,49082,49091,49095,49119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49083,49084,49086,49088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49085,2468],{"class":56},[50,49087,61],{"class":60},[50,49089,49090],{"class":101}," 3.5\n",[50,49092,49093],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49094,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49096,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105,49107,49109,49111,49113,49115,49117],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49098,119],{"class":118},[50,49100,122],{"class":64},[50,49102,48689],{"class":118},[50,49104,122],{"class":64},[50,49106,2495],{"class":125},[50,49108,89],{"class":64},[50,49110,9262],{"class":64},[50,49112,2209],{"class":1779},[50,49114,89],{"class":64},[50,49116,40065],{"class":1779},[50,49118,1799],{"class":64},[50,49120,49121,49123,49125,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,49122,119],{"class":118},[50,49124,122],{"class":64},[50,49126,48689],{"class":118},[50,49128,122],{"class":64},[50,49130,2495],{"class":125},[50,49132,89],{"class":64},[50,49134,9262],{"class":64},[50,49136,3470],{"class":1779},[50,49138,89],{"class":64},[50,49140,22358],{"class":1779},[50,49142,1799],{"class":64},[20,49144,2091],{},[41,49146,49147],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49148,49149,49153],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49150,49151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49152,4002],{"class":1494},[50,49154,49155],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49156,4063],{"class":1494},[20,49158,49159,49160,49162],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49161,40647],{}," conditions.",[20,49164,8324],{},[41,49166,49168],{"className":43,"code":49167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49169,49170,49178,49182],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49171,49172,49174,49176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49173,2468],{"class":56},[50,49175,61],{"class":60},[50,49177,49090],{"class":101},[50,49179,49180],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49181,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49183,49184,49186,49188,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49185,119],{"class":118},[50,49187,122],{"class":64},[50,49189,1780],{"class":1779},[50,49191,122],{"class":64},[50,49193,2495],{"class":125},[50,49195,1206],{"class":64},[50,49197,6432],{"class":60},[50,49199,45089],{"class":1779},[50,49201,48049],{"class":1622},[50,49203,49204],{"class":1779}," type",[50,49206,122],{"class":64},[50,49208,2495],{"class":125},[50,49210,1206],{"class":64},[50,49212,6432],{"class":60},[50,49214,40065],{"class":1779},[50,49216,414],{"class":64},[20,49218,49219],{},"you can write this:",[41,49221,49223],{"className":43,"code":49222,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49224,49225,49233,49237],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49226,49227,49229,49231],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49228,2468],{"class":56},[50,49230,61],{"class":60},[50,49232,49090],{"class":101},[50,49234,49235],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49236,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49238,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49240,119],{"class":118},[50,49242,122],{"class":64},[50,49244,48689],{"class":118},[50,49246,122],{"class":64},[50,49248,2495],{"class":125},[50,49250,89],{"class":64},[50,49252,9262],{"class":64},[50,49254,2209],{"class":1779},[50,49256,89],{"class":64},[50,49258,40065],{"class":1779},[50,49260,1799],{"class":64},[20,49262,49263],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[219,49265,49267,10608,49269],{"id":49266},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49268,44618],{},[15,49270,2323],{},[20,49272,10613,49273,1846,49275,49279],{},[15,49274,44618],{},[380,49276,49277],{"href":2320},[15,49278,2323],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[811,49281,49283],{"id":49282},"typevalue-int",[15,49284,49285],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49287,49288],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[41,49290,49292],{"className":43,"code":49291,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49293,49294,49302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49295,49296,49298,49300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49297,2468],{"class":56},[50,49299,61],{"class":60},[50,49301,2610],{"class":101},[50,49303,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318,49320],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49305,119],{"class":118},[50,49307,122],{"class":64},[50,49309,1780],{"class":1779},[50,49311,122],{"class":64},[50,49313,2495],{"class":125},[50,49315,1206],{"class":64},[50,49317,6432],{"class":60},[50,49319,45089],{"class":1779},[50,49321,414],{"class":64},[811,49323,49325],{"id":49324},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49326,49327],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49329,49330],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[41,49332,49334],{"className":43,"code":49333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49335,49336,49344],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49337,49338,49340,49342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49339,2468],{"class":56},[50,49341,61],{"class":60},[50,49343,2610],{"class":101},[50,49345,49346,49348,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49347,119],{"class":118},[50,49349,122],{"class":64},[50,49351,48689],{"class":118},[50,49353,122],{"class":64},[50,49355,2495],{"class":125},[50,49357,89],{"class":64},[50,49359,45089],{"class":1779},[50,49361,1770],{"class":64},[20,49363,49364,49365,49367],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49366,44618],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49369,49370],{},"In everyday code:",[233,49372,49373,49378],{},[236,49374,39800,49375,49377],{},[15,49376,2323],{}," when you need the exact type",[236,49379,39800,49380,49382],{},[15,49381,44618],{}," when you want a practical type check",[219,49384,49386],{"id":49385},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49388,49389,49390,129],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49391,44618],{},[811,49393,49395],{"id":49394},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[41,49397,49399],{"className":43,"code":49398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49400,49401,49419,49438,49450,49455,49473,49484,49488,49500,49504,49528],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49402,49403,49405,49408,49410,49412,49414,49417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49404,34656],{"class":2085},[50,49406,49407],{"class":34659}," repeat_text",[50,49409,122],{"class":64},[50,49411,34513],{"class":37471},[50,49413,89],{"class":64},[50,49415,49416],{"class":37471}," count",[50,49418,8368],{"class":64},[50,49420,49421,49423,49425,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49422,6422],{"class":1622},[50,49424,8125],{"class":60},[50,49426,49427],{"class":118}," isinstance",[50,49429,122],{"class":64},[50,49431,34513],{"class":125},[50,49433,89],{"class":64},[50,49435,48718],{"class":1779},[50,49437,8368],{"class":64},[50,49439,49440,49443,49445,49448],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49441,49442],{"class":1622},"        return",[50,49444,81],{"class":68},[50,49446,49447],{"class":72},"text must be a string",[50,49449,3384],{"class":68},[50,49451,49452],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,49453,49454],{"class":56},"    \n",[50,49456,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,49458,6422],{"class":1622},[50,49460,8125],{"class":60},[50,49462,49427],{"class":118},[50,49464,122],{"class":64},[50,49466,41070],{"class":125},[50,49468,89],{"class":64},[50,49470,45089],{"class":1779},[50,49472,8368],{"class":64},[50,49474,49475,49477,49479,49482],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,49476,49442],{"class":1622},[50,49478,81],{"class":68},[50,49480,49481],{"class":72},"count must be an integer",[50,49483,3384],{"class":68},[50,49485,49486],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,49487,49454],{"class":56},[50,49489,49490,49492,49495,49497],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,49491,34667],{"class":1622},[50,49493,49494],{"class":56}," text ",[50,49496,39682],{"class":60},[50,49498,49499],{"class":56}," count\n",[50,49501,49502],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,49503,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49505,49506,49508,49510,49513,49515,49517,49520,49522,49524,49526],{"class":52,"line":6461},[50,49507,119],{"class":118},[50,49509,122],{"class":64},[50,49511,49512],{"class":125},"repeat_text",[50,49514,122],{"class":64},[50,49516,69],{"class":68},[50,49518,49519],{"class":72},"Hi ",[50,49521,69],{"class":68},[50,49523,89],{"class":64},[50,49525,2473],{"class":101},[50,49527,1770],{"class":64},[50,49529,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552],{"class":52,"line":11608},[50,49531,119],{"class":118},[50,49533,122],{"class":64},[50,49535,49512],{"class":125},[50,49537,122],{"class":64},[50,49539,69],{"class":68},[50,49541,49519],{"class":72},[50,49543,69],{"class":68},[50,49545,89],{"class":64},[50,49547,81],{"class":68},[50,49549,2082],{"class":72},[50,49551,69],{"class":68},[50,49553,1770],{"class":64},[20,49555,2091],{},[41,49557,49559],{"className":43,"code":49558,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49560,49561,49566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49562,49563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49564,49565],{"class":56},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[50,49567,49568],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49569,49570],{"class":56},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49572,49573],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[811,49575,49577],{"id":49576},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[41,49579,49581],{"className":43,"code":49580,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49582,49583,49615,49619,49635,49650,49667],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49584,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49586,2468],{"class":56},[50,49588,61],{"class":60},[50,49590,3652],{"class":64},[50,49592,69],{"class":68},[50,49594,380],{"class":72},[50,49596,69],{"class":68},[50,49598,89],{"class":64},[50,49600,81],{"class":68},[50,49602,4784],{"class":72},[50,49604,69],{"class":68},[50,49606,89],{"class":64},[50,49608,81],{"class":68},[50,49610,9763],{"class":72},[50,49612,69],{"class":68},[50,49614,788],{"class":64},[50,49616,49617],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49618,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49620,49621,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49622,7023],{"class":1622},[50,49624,49427],{"class":118},[50,49626,122],{"class":64},[50,49628,2495],{"class":125},[50,49630,89],{"class":64},[50,49632,48718],{"class":1779},[50,49634,8368],{"class":64},[50,49636,49637,49639,49641,49643,49646,49648],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,49638,8094],{"class":118},[50,49640,122],{"class":64},[50,49642,69],{"class":68},[50,49644,49645],{"class":72},"This is text",[50,49647,69],{"class":68},[50,49649,414],{"class":64},[50,49651,49652,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,49653,49654],{"class":1622},"elif",[50,49656,49427],{"class":118},[50,49658,122],{"class":64},[50,49660,2495],{"class":125},[50,49662,89],{"class":64},[50,49664,22358],{"class":1779},[50,49666,8368],{"class":64},[50,49668,49669,49671,49673,49675,49678,49680],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,49670,8094],{"class":118},[50,49672,122],{"class":64},[50,49674,69],{"class":68},[50,49676,49677],{"class":72},"This is a list",[50,49679,69],{"class":68},[50,49681,414],{"class":64},[20,49683,2091],{},[41,49685,49687],{"className":43,"code":49686,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This is a list\n",[15,49688,49689],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49690,49691,49694,49696,49698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49692,49693],{"class":56},"This ",[50,49695,12207],{"class":60},[50,49697,44357],{"class":56},[50,49699,49700],{"class":1779},"list\n",[811,49702,49704],{"id":49703},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[41,49706,49708],{"className":43,"code":49707,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49709,49710,49722,49726,49742,49756],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49711,49712,49714,49716,49718,49720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49713,2468],{"class":56},[50,49715,61],{"class":60},[50,49717,81],{"class":68},[50,49719,46339],{"class":72},[50,49721,3384],{"class":68},[50,49723,49724],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49725,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49727,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49729,7023],{"class":1622},[50,49731,49427],{"class":118},[50,49733,122],{"class":64},[50,49735,2495],{"class":125},[50,49737,89],{"class":64},[50,49739,48718],{"class":1779},[50,49741,8368],{"class":64},[50,49743,49744,49746,49748,49750,49752,49754],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,49745,41701],{"class":56},[50,49747,61],{"class":60},[50,49749,45089],{"class":1779},[50,49751,122],{"class":64},[50,49753,2495],{"class":125},[50,49755,414],{"class":64},[50,49757,49758,49760,49762,49764],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,49759,8094],{"class":118},[50,49761,122],{"class":64},[50,49763,2260],{"class":125},[50,49765,414],{"class":64},[20,49767,2091],{},[41,49769,49770],{"className":43,"code":46425,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49771,49772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49773,49774],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49775,46425],{"class":101},[20,49777,49778],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[811,49780,49782],{"id":49781},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[41,49784,49786],{"className":43,"code":49785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49787,49788,49812,49816,49832],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49789,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49791,2468],{"class":56},[50,49793,61],{"class":60},[50,49795,65],{"class":64},[50,49797,69],{"class":68},[50,49799,73],{"class":72},[50,49801,69],{"class":68},[50,49803,78],{"class":64},[50,49805,81],{"class":68},[50,49807,84],{"class":72},[50,49809,69],{"class":68},[50,49811,105],{"class":64},[50,49813,49814],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49815,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49817,49818,49820,49822,49824,49826,49828,49830],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49819,7023],{"class":1622},[50,49821,49427],{"class":118},[50,49823,122],{"class":64},[50,49825,2495],{"class":125},[50,49827,89],{"class":64},[50,49829,9197],{"class":1779},[50,49831,8368],{"class":64},[50,49833,49834,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,49835,8094],{"class":118},[50,49837,122],{"class":64},[50,49839,2495],{"class":125},[50,49841,779],{"class":64},[50,49843,69],{"class":68},[50,49845,73],{"class":72},[50,49847,69],{"class":68},[50,49849,3911],{"class":64},[20,49851,2091],{},[41,49853,49855],{"className":43,"code":49854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\n",[15,49856,49857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49858,49859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49860,49854],{"class":56},[20,49862,49863,49864,49866],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49865,3029],{}," messages later.",[219,49868,4543],{"id":4542},[811,49870,49872,49873,11111,49876],{"id":49871},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49874,49875],{},"\"int\"",[15,49877,2209],{},[20,49879,16643],{},[41,49881,49883],{"className":43,"code":49882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49884,49885,49893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49886,49887,49889,49891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49888,2468],{"class":56},[50,49890,61],{"class":60},[50,49892,2610],{"class":101},[50,49894,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49896,119],{"class":118},[50,49898,122],{"class":64},[50,49900,48689],{"class":118},[50,49902,122],{"class":64},[50,49904,2495],{"class":125},[50,49906,89],{"class":64},[50,49908,81],{"class":68},[50,49910,2209],{"class":72},[50,49912,69],{"class":68},[50,49914,1770],{"class":64},[20,49916,49917,49919],{},[15,49918,49875],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49921,16655],{},[41,49923,49924],{"className":43,"code":49333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49925,49926,49934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49927,49928,49930,49932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49929,2468],{"class":56},[50,49931,61],{"class":60},[50,49933,2610],{"class":101},[50,49935,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49937,119],{"class":118},[50,49939,122],{"class":64},[50,49941,48689],{"class":118},[50,49943,122],{"class":64},[50,49945,2495],{"class":125},[50,49947,89],{"class":64},[50,49949,45089],{"class":1779},[50,49951,1770],{"class":64},[811,49953,49955],{"id":49954},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49957,16643],{},[41,49959,49961],{"className":43,"code":49960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49962,49963,49971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49964,49965,49967,49969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49966,2468],{"class":56},[50,49968,61],{"class":60},[50,49970,34647],{"class":101},[50,49972,49973,49975,49977,49979,49981,49983,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49974,119],{"class":118},[50,49976,122],{"class":64},[50,49978,48689],{"class":118},[50,49980,122],{"class":64},[50,49982,2495],{"class":125},[50,49984,89],{"class":64},[50,49986,3652],{"class":64},[50,49988,2209],{"class":1779},[50,49990,89],{"class":64},[50,49992,40065],{"class":1779},[50,49994,3023],{"class":64},[20,49996,49997],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49999,16655],{},[41,50001,50003],{"className":43,"code":50002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50004,50005,50013],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50006,50007,50009,50011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50008,2468],{"class":56},[50,50010,61],{"class":60},[50,50012,34647],{"class":101},[50,50014,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023,50025,50027,50029,50031,50033,50035],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50016,119],{"class":118},[50,50018,122],{"class":64},[50,50020,48689],{"class":118},[50,50022,122],{"class":64},[50,50024,2495],{"class":125},[50,50026,89],{"class":64},[50,50028,9262],{"class":64},[50,50030,2209],{"class":1779},[50,50032,89],{"class":64},[50,50034,40065],{"class":1779},[50,50036,1799],{"class":64},[811,50038,25574,50040,50042],{"id":50039},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50041,44618],{}," converts a value",[20,50044,18903],{},[41,50046,50048],{"className":43,"code":50047,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50049,50050,50063,50081,50085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50051,50052,50054,50056,50058,50061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50053,2468],{"class":56},[50,50055,61],{"class":60},[50,50057,81],{"class":68},[50,50059,50060],{"class":72},"123",[50,50062,3384],{"class":68},[50,50064,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50066,2250],{"class":56},[50,50068,61],{"class":60},[50,50070,49427],{"class":118},[50,50072,122],{"class":64},[50,50074,2495],{"class":125},[50,50076,89],{"class":64},[50,50078,45089],{"class":1779},[50,50080,414],{"class":64},[50,50082,50083],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50084,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50086,50087,50089,50091,50093],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,50088,119],{"class":118},[50,50090,122],{"class":64},[50,50092,2285],{"class":125},[50,50094,414],{"class":64},[20,50096,2091],{},[41,50098,50099],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50100,50101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50102,50103],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50104,4063],{"class":1494},[20,50106,50107,50108,50111,50112,50114],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50109,50110],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50113,50060],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50116,50117,50118,6656],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50119,50120],{},"int(value)",[811,50122,50124],{"id":50123},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50126,50127,50129],{},[15,50128,44618],{}," does not modify anything.",[41,50131,50133],{"className":43,"code":50132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50134,50135,50147,50151,50169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50136,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50138,2468],{"class":56},[50,50140,61],{"class":60},[50,50142,81],{"class":68},[50,50144,13566],{"class":72},[50,50146,3384],{"class":68},[50,50148,50149],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50150,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50152,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50154,119],{"class":118},[50,50156,122],{"class":64},[50,50158,48689],{"class":118},[50,50160,122],{"class":64},[50,50162,2495],{"class":125},[50,50164,89],{"class":64},[50,50166,48718],{"class":1779},[50,50168,1770],{"class":64},[50,50170,50171,50173,50175,50177],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,50172,119],{"class":118},[50,50174,122],{"class":64},[50,50176,2495],{"class":125},[50,50178,414],{"class":64},[20,50180,2091],{},[41,50182,50184],{"className":43,"code":50183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n100\n",[15,50185,50186,50190],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50187,50188],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50189,4002],{"class":1494},[50,50191,50192],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50193,47076],{"class":101},[20,50195,50196],{},"The value stays the same.",[219,50198,25742],{"id":25741},[20,50200,50201],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[41,50203,50205],{"className":43,"code":50204,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50206,50207,50221,50239,50263],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50208,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50210,119],{"class":118},[50,50212,122],{"class":64},[50,50214,1780],{"class":1779},[50,50216,122],{"class":64},[50,50218,2495],{"class":125},[50,50220,1770],{"class":64},[50,50222,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50224,119],{"class":118},[50,50226,122],{"class":64},[50,50228,48689],{"class":118},[50,50230,122],{"class":64},[50,50232,2495],{"class":125},[50,50234,89],{"class":64},[50,50236,45089],{"class":1779},[50,50238,1770],{"class":64},[50,50240,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50242,119],{"class":118},[50,50244,122],{"class":64},[50,50246,48689],{"class":118},[50,50248,122],{"class":64},[50,50250,2495],{"class":125},[50,50252,89],{"class":64},[50,50254,9262],{"class":64},[50,50256,2209],{"class":1779},[50,50258,89],{"class":64},[50,50260,40065],{"class":1779},[50,50262,1799],{"class":64},[50,50264,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,50266,119],{"class":118},[50,50268,122],{"class":64},[50,50270,41590],{"class":118},[50,50272,122],{"class":64},[50,50274,2495],{"class":125},[50,50276,1770],{"class":64},[20,50278,50279],{},"These can help when:",[233,50281,50282,50285,50290,50293],{},[236,50283,50284],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[236,50286,50287,50288],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50289,3029],{},[236,50291,50292],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[236,50294,50295,50296,50298],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50297,44618],{}," is invalid",[20,50300,50301],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[233,50303,50304,50318,50324,50329],{},[236,50305,50306,50307,2901,50310,50313,50314,2901,50316],{},"using ",[15,50308,50309],{},"'int'",[15,50311,50312],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50315,2209],{},[15,50317,3470],{},[236,50319,50320,50321,50323],{},"expecting ",[15,50322,44618],{}," to convert a value",[236,50325,50306,50326,50328],{},[15,50327,2323],{}," when inherited types should also match",[236,50330,50331],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50333,50334,50335,129],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[380,50336,50338,50339],{"href":50337},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50340,50341],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[219,50343,1857],{"id":1856},[811,50345,5164,50347,5167],{"id":50346},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50348,44618],{},[20,50350,5170,50351,50353,50354,129],{},[15,50352,3632],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50355,3702],{},[811,50357,5192,50359,50361],{"id":50358},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50360,44618],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50363,50364,50365,129],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50366,50367],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[811,50369,5202,50371,1846,50373,1867],{"id":50370},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50372,44618],{},[15,50374,2323],{},[20,50376,50377,50379,50380,50382],{},[15,50378,2323],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50381,44618],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[811,50384,1861,50386,50388],{"id":50385},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50387,44618],{}," convert a value?",[20,50390,50391],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[219,50393,1909],{"id":1908},[233,50395,50396,50402,50406,50411,50416],{},[236,50397,50398],{},[380,50399,3603,50400,3536],{"href":2320},[15,50401,2323],{},[236,50403,50404],{},[380,50405,44610],{"href":48792},[236,50407,50408],{},[380,50409,50410],{"href":2984},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[236,50412,50413],{},[380,50414,50415],{"href":48795},"What is a data type in Python?",[236,50417,50418],{},[380,50419,50338,50420],{"href":50337},[15,50421,50341],{},[1944,50423,50424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":50426},[50427,50428,50430,50433,50437,50438,50443,50449,50457,50458,50468],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":48731,"depth":108,"text":50429},"What isinstance() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":50431},[50432],{"id":48823,"depth":115,"text":48824},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490,"children":50434},[50435,50436],{"id":48911,"depth":115,"text":48912},{"id":48982,"depth":115,"text":48983},{"id":49069,"depth":108,"text":49070},{"id":49266,"depth":108,"text":50439,"children":50440},"isinstance() vs type()",[50441,50442],{"id":49282,"depth":115,"text":49285},{"id":49324,"depth":115,"text":49327},{"id":49385,"depth":108,"text":49386,"children":50444},[50445,50446,50447,50448],{"id":49394,"depth":115,"text":49395},{"id":49576,"depth":115,"text":49577},{"id":49703,"depth":115,"text":49704},{"id":49781,"depth":115,"text":49782},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":50450},[50451,50453,50454,50456],{"id":49871,"depth":115,"text":50452},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49954,"depth":115,"text":49955},{"id":50039,"depth":115,"text":50455},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50123,"depth":115,"text":50124},{"id":25741,"depth":108,"text":25742},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":50459},[50460,50462,50464,50466],{"id":50346,"depth":115,"text":50461},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50358,"depth":115,"text":50463},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50370,"depth":115,"text":50465},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50385,"depth":115,"text":50467},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48632,"description":50469},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50475,"title":50476,"body":50477,"description":52450,"extension":1981,"meta":52451,"navigation":111,"path":52452,"seo":52453,"stem":52454,"__hash__":52455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50478,"toc":52425},[50479,50482,50487,50492,50506,50509,50511,50586,50591,50595,50600,50603,50617,50619,50785,50798,50800,50802,50817,50820,50823,50836,50838,50936,50940,50946,50949,50958,50960,50995,51000,51021,51026,51031,51063,51066,51123,51127,51133,51136,51189,51191,51231,51234,51302,51305,51356,51363,51367,51373,51458,51464,51470,51519,51522,51525,51575,51577,51582,51586,51636,51640,51687,51691,51768,51772,51837,51840,51844,51849,51854,51866,51868,51887,51893,51896,51915,51920,51947,51954,51958,51964,51967,52062,52065,52068,52117,52122,52124,52128,52163,52166,52223,52233,52236,52270,52273,52275,52279,52282,52286,52289,52293,52296,52300,52313,52317,52322,52324,52374,52386,52388,52422],[10,50480,50476],{"id":50481},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50483,9152,50484,50486],{},[15,50485,42172],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50488,35211,50489,50491],{},[15,50490,42172],{}," to count:",[233,50493,50494,50497,50500,50503],{},[236,50495,50496],{},"characters in a string",[236,50498,50499],{},"items in a list or tuple",[236,50501,50502],{},"keys in a dictionary",[236,50504,50505],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50507,50508],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[219,50510,2022],{"id":2021},[41,50512,50514],{"className":43,"code":50513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50515,50516,50528,50548,50552,50569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50517,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50519,34492],{"class":56},[50,50521,61],{"class":60},[50,50523,81],{"class":68},[50,50525,3870],{"class":72},[50,50527,3384],{"class":68},[50,50529,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50531,7805],{"class":56},[50,50533,61],{"class":60},[50,50535,3652],{"class":64},[50,50537,2352],{"class":101},[50,50539,89],{"class":64},[50,50541,7816],{"class":101},[50,50543,89],{"class":64},[50,50545,7821],{"class":101},[50,50547,788],{"class":64},[50,50549,50550],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50551,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50553,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,50555,119],{"class":118},[50,50557,122],{"class":64},[50,50559,11181],{"class":118},[50,50561,122],{"class":64},[50,50563,34513],{"class":125},[50,50565,143],{"class":64},[50,50567,50568],{"class":146},"   # 5\n",[50,50570,50571,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,50572,119],{"class":118},[50,50574,122],{"class":64},[50,50576,11181],{"class":118},[50,50578,122],{"class":64},[50,50580,7836],{"class":125},[50,50582,143],{"class":64},[50,50584,50585],{"class":146},"  # 3\n",[20,50587,212,50588,50590],{},[15,50589,42172],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[219,50592,50594],{"id":50593},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50596,50597,50599],{},[15,50598,42172],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50601,50602],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[233,50604,50605,50608,50611,50614],{},[236,50606,50607],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[236,50609,50610],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[236,50612,50613],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[236,50615,50616],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50618,253],{},[41,50620,50622],{"className":43,"code":50621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50623,50624,50636,50661,50693,50713,50717,50734,50751,50768],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50625,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50627,7903],{"class":56},[50,50629,61],{"class":60},[50,50631,81],{"class":68},[50,50633,7702],{"class":72},[50,50635,3384],{"class":68},[50,50637,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50659],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50639,3647],{"class":56},[50,50641,61],{"class":60},[50,50643,3652],{"class":64},[50,50645,2352],{"class":101},[50,50647,89],{"class":64},[50,50649,7816],{"class":101},[50,50651,89],{"class":64},[50,50653,7821],{"class":101},[50,50655,89],{"class":64},[50,50657,50658],{"class":101}," 40",[50,50660,788],{"class":64},[50,50662,50663,50665,50667,50669,50671,50673,50675,50677,50679,50681,50683,50685,50687,50689,50691],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50664,829],{"class":56},[50,50666,61],{"class":60},[50,50668,65],{"class":64},[50,50670,69],{"class":68},[50,50672,380],{"class":72},[50,50674,69],{"class":68},[50,50676,78],{"class":64},[50,50678,5521],{"class":101},[50,50680,89],{"class":64},[50,50682,81],{"class":68},[50,50684,4784],{"class":72},[50,50686,69],{"class":68},[50,50688,78],{"class":64},[50,50690,3016],{"class":101},[50,50692,105],{"class":64},[50,50694,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,50696,3848],{"class":56},[50,50698,61],{"class":60},[50,50700,65],{"class":64},[50,50702,2157],{"class":101},[50,50704,89],{"class":64},[50,50706,37452],{"class":101},[50,50708,89],{"class":64},[50,50710,6018],{"class":101},[50,50712,105],{"class":64},[50,50714,50715],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,50716,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50718,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,50720,119],{"class":118},[50,50722,122],{"class":64},[50,50724,11181],{"class":118},[50,50726,122],{"class":64},[50,50728,73],{"class":125},[50,50730,143],{"class":64},[50,50732,50733],{"class":146},"     # 3\n",[50,50735,50736,50738,50740,50742,50744,50746,50748],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,50737,119],{"class":118},[50,50739,122],{"class":64},[50,50741,11181],{"class":118},[50,50743,122],{"class":64},[50,50745,3678],{"class":125},[50,50747,143],{"class":64},[50,50749,50750],{"class":146},"  # 4\n",[50,50752,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,50754,119],{"class":118},[50,50756,122],{"class":64},[50,50758,11181],{"class":118},[50,50760,122],{"class":64},[50,50762,776],{"class":125},[50,50764,143],{"class":64},[50,50766,50767],{"class":146},"     # 2\n",[50,50769,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778,50780,50782],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,50771,119],{"class":118},[50,50773,122],{"class":64},[50,50775,11181],{"class":118},[50,50777,122],{"class":64},[50,50779,5382],{"class":125},[50,50781,143],{"class":64},[50,50783,50784],{"class":146},"   # 3\n",[20,50786,50787,50788,32,50792,17069,50796,129],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[380,50789,50791],{"href":50790},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[380,50793,50795],{"href":50794},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[380,50797,383],{"href":382},[219,50799,387],{"id":386},[20,50801,2180],{},[41,50803,50805],{"className":43,"code":50804,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len(object)\n",[15,50806,50807],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50808,50809,50811,50813,50815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50810,11181],{"class":118},[50,50812,122],{"class":64},[50,50814,42210],{"class":1779},[50,50816,414],{"class":64},[20,50818,50819],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50821,50822],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[233,50824,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833],{},[236,50826,37716],{},[236,50828,37710],{},[236,50830,37713],{},[236,50832,37719],{},[236,50834,50835],{},"a dictionary",[20,50837,253],{},[41,50839,50841],{"className":43,"code":50840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50842,50843,50864,50888,50910],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50844,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50846,119],{"class":118},[50,50848,122],{"class":64},[50,50850,11181],{"class":118},[50,50852,122],{"class":64},[50,50854,69],{"class":68},[50,50856,45],{"class":72},[50,50858,69],{"class":68},[50,50860,143],{"class":64},[50,50862,50863],{"class":146},"      # 6\n",[50,50865,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878,50880,50882,50884,50886],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50867,119],{"class":118},[50,50869,122],{"class":64},[50,50871,11181],{"class":118},[50,50873,3008],{"class":64},[50,50875,3011],{"class":101},[50,50877,89],{"class":64},[50,50879,3016],{"class":101},[50,50881,89],{"class":64},[50,50883,2473],{"class":101},[50,50885,4758],{"class":64},[50,50887,50733],{"class":146},[50,50889,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898,50900,50902,50904,50907],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50891,119],{"class":118},[50,50893,122],{"class":64},[50,50895,11181],{"class":118},[50,50897,5534],{"class":64},[50,50899,2352],{"class":101},[50,50901,89],{"class":64},[50,50903,7816],{"class":101},[50,50905,50906],{"class":64},")))",[50,50908,50909],{"class":146},"      # 2\n",[50,50911,50912,50914,50916,50918,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930,50933],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,50913,119],{"class":118},[50,50915,122],{"class":64},[50,50917,11181],{"class":118},[50,50919,5553],{"class":64},[50,50921,69],{"class":68},[50,50923,2194],{"class":72},[50,50925,69],{"class":68},[50,50927,78],{"class":64},[50,50929,5521],{"class":101},[50,50931,50932],{"class":64},"}))",[50,50934,50935],{"class":146},"      # 1\n",[219,50937,50939],{"id":50938},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50941,50942,50943,50945],{},"When you use ",[15,50944,42172],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50947,50948],{},"That includes:",[233,50950,50951,50953,50955],{},[236,50952,35950],{},[236,50954,10475],{},[236,50956,50957],{},"punctuation",[20,50959,253],{},[41,50961,50963],{"className":43,"code":50962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50964,50965,50978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50966,50967,50969,50971,50973,50976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50968,34492],{"class":56},[50,50970,61],{"class":60},[50,50972,81],{"class":68},[50,50974,50975],{"class":72},"Hi there!",[50,50977,3384],{"class":68},[50,50979,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50981,119],{"class":118},[50,50983,122],{"class":64},[50,50985,11181],{"class":118},[50,50987,122],{"class":64},[50,50989,34513],{"class":125},[50,50991,143],{"class":64},[50,50993,50994],{"class":146},"  # 9\n",[20,50996,50997,50998,1867],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50999,2165],{},[233,51001,51002,51008,51012,51015],{},[236,51003,51004,51007],{},[15,51005,51006],{},"H"," = 1",[236,51009,51010,51007],{},[15,51011,35961],{},[236,51013,51014],{},"space = 1",[236,51016,51017,51020],{},[15,51018,51019],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51022,51023,51024],{},"Total: ",[15,51025,2165],{},[20,51027,51028,51029,78],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51030,1215],{},[41,51032,51034],{"className":43,"code":51033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51035,51036,51045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51037,51038,51041,51043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51039,51040],{"class":56},"empty_text ",[50,51042,61],{"class":60},[50,51044,7908],{"class":68},[50,51046,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51058,51060],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51048,119],{"class":118},[50,51050,122],{"class":64},[50,51052,11181],{"class":118},[50,51054,122],{"class":64},[50,51056,51057],{"class":125},"empty_text",[50,51059,143],{"class":64},[50,51061,51062],{"class":146},"  # 0\n",[20,51064,51065],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[41,51067,51069],{"className":43,"code":51068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51070,51071,51084,51088,51108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51072,51073,51076,51078,51080,51082],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51074,51075],{"class":56},"user_name ",[50,51077,61],{"class":60},[50,51079,81],{"class":68},[50,51081,5027],{"class":72},[50,51083,3384],{"class":68},[50,51085,51086],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51087,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51089,51090,51092,51094,51096,51099,51101,51104,51106],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51091,7023],{"class":1622},[50,51093,38195],{"class":118},[50,51095,122],{"class":64},[50,51097,51098],{"class":125},"user_name",[50,51100,1206],{"class":64},[50,51102,51103],{"class":60}," >=",[50,51105,2473],{"class":101},[50,51107,6417],{"class":64},[50,51109,51110,51112,51114,51116,51119,51121],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,51111,8094],{"class":118},[50,51113,122],{"class":64},[50,51115,69],{"class":68},[50,51117,51118],{"class":72},"Name is long enough",[50,51120,69],{"class":68},[50,51122,414],{"class":64},[219,51124,51126],{"id":51125},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51128,51129,51130,51132],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51131,42172],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51134,51135],{},"Example with a list:",[41,51137,51139],{"className":43,"code":51138,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51140,51141,51173],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51142,51143,51145,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51144,13084],{"class":56},[50,51146,61],{"class":60},[50,51148,3652],{"class":64},[50,51150,69],{"class":68},[50,51152,13101],{"class":72},[50,51154,69],{"class":68},[50,51156,89],{"class":64},[50,51158,81],{"class":68},[50,51160,17448],{"class":72},[50,51162,69],{"class":68},[50,51164,89],{"class":64},[50,51166,81],{"class":68},[50,51168,13118],{"class":72},[50,51170,69],{"class":68},[50,51172,788],{"class":64},[50,51174,51175,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51176,119],{"class":118},[50,51178,122],{"class":64},[50,51180,11181],{"class":118},[50,51182,122],{"class":64},[50,51184,17495],{"class":125},[50,51186,143],{"class":64},[50,51188,50585],{"class":146},[20,51190,37725],{},[41,51192,51194],{"className":43,"code":51193,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51195,51196,51213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51197,51198,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51199,51200],{"class":56},"point ",[50,51202,61],{"class":60},[50,51204,9262],{"class":64},[50,51206,2352],{"class":101},[50,51208,89],{"class":64},[50,51210,7816],{"class":101},[50,51212,414],{"class":64},[50,51214,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51226,51228],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51216,119],{"class":118},[50,51218,122],{"class":64},[50,51220,11181],{"class":118},[50,51222,122],{"class":64},[50,51224,51225],{"class":125},"point",[50,51227,143],{"class":64},[50,51229,51230],{"class":146},"  # 2\n",[20,51232,51233],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[41,51235,51237],{"className":43,"code":51236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51238,51239,51263,51267,51285],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51240,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51242,7805],{"class":56},[50,51244,61],{"class":60},[50,51246,3652],{"class":64},[50,51248,69],{"class":68},[50,51250,4102],{"class":72},[50,51252,69],{"class":68},[50,51254,89],{"class":64},[50,51256,81],{"class":68},[50,51258,4111],{"class":72},[50,51260,69],{"class":68},[50,51262,788],{"class":64},[50,51264,51265],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51266,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51268,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51270,7023],{"class":1622},[50,51272,38195],{"class":118},[50,51274,122],{"class":64},[50,51276,7836],{"class":125},[50,51278,1206],{"class":64},[50,51280,38205],{"class":60},[50,51282,5521],{"class":101},[50,51284,6417],{"class":64},[50,51286,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,51288,8094],{"class":118},[50,51290,122],{"class":64},[50,51292,7836],{"class":125},[50,51294,779],{"class":64},[50,51296,3011],{"class":101},[50,51298,872],{"class":64},[50,51300,51301],{"class":146},"  # banana\n",[20,51303,51304],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[41,51306,51308],{"className":43,"code":51307,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51309,51310,51333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51311,51312,51314,51316,51318,51321,51323,51326,51328,51331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51313,1128],{"class":56},[50,51315,61],{"class":60},[50,51317,3652],{"class":64},[50,51319,51320],{"class":101},"88",[50,51322,89],{"class":64},[50,51324,51325],{"class":101}," 91",[50,51327,89],{"class":64},[50,51329,51330],{"class":101}," 75",[50,51332,788],{"class":64},[50,51334,51335,51337,51339,51341,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51336,119],{"class":118},[50,51338,122],{"class":64},[50,51340,69],{"class":68},[50,51342,51343],{"class":72},"Number of scores:",[50,51345,69],{"class":68},[50,51347,89],{"class":64},[50,51349,38195],{"class":118},[50,51351,122],{"class":64},[50,51353,16390],{"class":125},[50,51355,1770],{"class":64},[20,51357,51358,51359,129],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[380,51360,51362],{"href":51361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[219,51364,51366],{"id":51365},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51368,51369,51370,51372],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51371,42172],{}," counts keys.",[41,51374,51376],{"className":43,"code":51375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51377,51378,51386,51404,51418,51434,51438,51442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51379,51380,51382,51384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51381,263],{"class":56},[50,51383,61],{"class":60},[50,51385,11507],{"class":64},[50,51387,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396,51398,51400,51402],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51389,11512],{"class":68},[50,51391,73],{"class":72},[50,51393,69],{"class":68},[50,51395,78],{"class":64},[50,51397,81],{"class":68},[50,51399,1051],{"class":72},[50,51401,69],{"class":68},[50,51403,11528],{"class":64},[50,51405,51406,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51407,11512],{"class":68},[50,51409,94],{"class":72},[50,51411,69],{"class":68},[50,51413,78],{"class":64},[50,51415,30745],{"class":101},[50,51417,11528],{"class":64},[50,51419,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430,51432],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,51421,11512],{"class":68},[50,51423,289],{"class":72},[50,51425,69],{"class":68},[50,51427,78],{"class":64},[50,51429,81],{"class":68},[50,51431,22043],{"class":72},[50,51433,3384],{"class":68},[50,51435,51436],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,51437,105],{"class":64},[50,51439,51440],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,51441,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51443,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,51445,119],{"class":118},[50,51447,122],{"class":64},[50,51449,11181],{"class":118},[50,51451,122],{"class":64},[50,51453,311],{"class":125},[50,51455,143],{"class":64},[50,51457,50585],{"class":146},[20,51459,51460,51461,51463],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51462,42172],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51465,51466,51467,51469],{},"For sets, ",[15,51468,42172],{}," counts unique items:",[41,51471,51473],{"className":43,"code":51472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51474,51475,51503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51476,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51478,3647],{"class":56},[50,51480,61],{"class":60},[50,51482,65],{"class":64},[50,51484,3011],{"class":101},[50,51486,89],{"class":64},[50,51488,3016],{"class":101},[50,51490,89],{"class":64},[50,51492,2473],{"class":101},[50,51494,89],{"class":64},[50,51496,2473],{"class":101},[50,51498,89],{"class":64},[50,51500,3016],{"class":101},[50,51502,105],{"class":64},[50,51504,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51506,119],{"class":118},[50,51508,122],{"class":64},[50,51510,11181],{"class":118},[50,51512,122],{"class":64},[50,51514,3678],{"class":125},[50,51516,143],{"class":64},[50,51518,50585],{"class":146},[20,51520,51521],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51523,51524],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[41,51526,51528],{"className":43,"code":51527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51529,51530,51538,51542,51560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51531,51532,51534,51536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51533,829],{"class":56},[50,51535,61],{"class":60},[50,51537,9862],{"class":64},[50,51539,51540],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51541,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51543,51544,51546,51548,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51545,7023],{"class":1622},[50,51547,38195],{"class":118},[50,51549,122],{"class":64},[50,51551,776],{"class":125},[50,51553,1206],{"class":64},[50,51555,6432],{"class":60},[50,51557,1192],{"class":101},[50,51559,6417],{"class":64},[50,51561,51562,51564,51566,51568,51571,51573],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,51563,8094],{"class":118},[50,51565,122],{"class":64},[50,51567,69],{"class":68},[50,51569,51570],{"class":72},"The dictionary is empty",[50,51572,69],{"class":68},[50,51574,414],{"class":64},[219,51576,40856],{"id":40855},[20,51578,51579,51580,129],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51581,42172],{},[811,51583,51585],{"id":51584},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[41,51587,51589],{"className":43,"code":51588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51590,51591,51599,51603,51621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51592,51593,51595,51597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51594,7805],{"class":56},[50,51596,61],{"class":60},[50,51598,7865],{"class":64},[50,51600,51601],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51602,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51604,51605,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51606,7023],{"class":1622},[50,51608,38195],{"class":118},[50,51610,122],{"class":64},[50,51612,7836],{"class":125},[50,51614,1206],{"class":64},[50,51616,6432],{"class":60},[50,51618,1192],{"class":101},[50,51620,6417],{"class":64},[50,51622,51623,51625,51627,51629,51632,51634],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,51624,8094],{"class":118},[50,51626,122],{"class":64},[50,51628,69],{"class":68},[50,51630,51631],{"class":72},"The list is empty",[50,51633,69],{"class":68},[50,51635,414],{"class":64},[811,51637,51639],{"id":51638},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[41,51641,51643],{"className":43,"code":51642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51644,51645,51664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51646,51647,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51660,51662],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51648,6178],{"class":56},[50,51650,61],{"class":60},[50,51652,8268],{"class":118},[50,51654,122],{"class":64},[50,51656,69],{"class":68},[50,51658,51659],{"class":72},"Enter a word: ",[50,51661,69],{"class":68},[50,51663,414],{"class":64},[50,51665,51666,51668,51670,51672,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51667,119],{"class":118},[50,51669,122],{"class":64},[50,51671,69],{"class":68},[50,51673,51674],{"class":72},"Number of characters:",[50,51676,69],{"class":68},[50,51678,89],{"class":64},[50,51680,38195],{"class":118},[50,51682,122],{"class":64},[50,51684,38200],{"class":125},[50,51686,1770],{"class":64},[811,51688,51690],{"id":51689},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[41,51692,51694],{"className":43,"code":51693,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51695,51696,51710,51714,51732,51747,51753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51697,51698,51701,51703,51705,51708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51699,51700],{"class":56},"password ",[50,51702,61],{"class":60},[50,51704,81],{"class":68},[50,51706,51707],{"class":72},"secret123",[50,51709,3384],{"class":68},[50,51711,51712],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51713,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51715,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51717,7023],{"class":1622},[50,51719,38195],{"class":118},[50,51721,122],{"class":64},[50,51723,17614],{"class":125},[50,51725,1206],{"class":64},[50,51727,51103],{"class":60},[50,51729,1158],{"class":101},[50,51731,6417],{"class":64},[50,51733,51734,51736,51738,51740,51743,51745],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,51735,8094],{"class":118},[50,51737,122],{"class":64},[50,51739,69],{"class":68},[50,51741,51742],{"class":72},"Password length is valid",[50,51744,69],{"class":68},[50,51746,414],{"class":64},[50,51748,51749,51751],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,51750,27234],{"class":1622},[50,51752,6417],{"class":64},[50,51754,51755,51757,51759,51761,51764,51766],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,51756,8094],{"class":118},[50,51758,122],{"class":64},[50,51760,69],{"class":68},[50,51762,51763],{"class":72},"Password is too short",[50,51765,69],{"class":68},[50,51767,414],{"class":64},[811,51769,51771],{"id":51770},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[41,51773,51775],{"className":43,"code":51774,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51776,51777,51813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51778,51779,51782,51784,51786,51788,51791,51793,51795,51797,51800,51802,51804,51806,51809,51811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51780,51781],{"class":56},"results ",[50,51783,61],{"class":60},[50,51785,3652],{"class":64},[50,51787,69],{"class":68},[50,51789,51790],{"class":72},"item1",[50,51792,69],{"class":68},[50,51794,89],{"class":64},[50,51796,81],{"class":68},[50,51798,51799],{"class":72},"item2",[50,51801,69],{"class":68},[50,51803,89],{"class":64},[50,51805,81],{"class":68},[50,51807,51808],{"class":72},"item3",[50,51810,69],{"class":68},[50,51812,788],{"class":64},[50,51814,51815,51817,51819,51821,51824,51826,51828,51830,51832,51835],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51816,119],{"class":118},[50,51818,122],{"class":64},[50,51820,69],{"class":68},[50,51822,51823],{"class":72},"Items found:",[50,51825,69],{"class":68},[50,51827,89],{"class":64},[50,51829,38195],{"class":118},[50,51831,122],{"class":64},[50,51833,51834],{"class":125},"results",[50,51836,1770],{"class":64},[20,51838,51839],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[219,51841,51843],{"id":51842},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51845,51846,51848],{},[15,51847,42172],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51850,51851,51852,78],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51853,3029],{},[233,51855,51856,51859,51862],{},[236,51857,51858],{},"plain integers",[236,51860,51861],{},"floats",[236,51863,51864],{},[15,51865,38],{},[20,51867,253],{},[41,51869,51871],{"className":43,"code":51870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51872,51873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51874,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51876,119],{"class":118},[50,51878,122],{"class":64},[50,51880,11181],{"class":118},[50,51882,122],{"class":64},[50,51884,2157],{"class":101},[50,51886,1770],{"class":64},[20,51888,51889,51890,51892],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51891,2157],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51894,51895],{},"Another example:",[41,51897,51899],{"className":43,"code":51898,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51900,51901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51902,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51913],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51904,119],{"class":118},[50,51906,122],{"class":64},[50,51908,11181],{"class":118},[50,51910,122],{"class":64},[50,51912,39953],{"class":101},[50,51914,1770],{"class":64},[20,51916,51917,51918,78],{},"And with ",[15,51919,38],{},[41,51921,51923],{"className":43,"code":51922,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51924,51925,51933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51926,51927,51929,51931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51928,2468],{"class":56},[50,51930,61],{"class":60},[50,51932,48341],{"class":1494},[50,51934,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51936,119],{"class":118},[50,51938,122],{"class":64},[50,51940,11181],{"class":118},[50,51942,122],{"class":64},[50,51944,2495],{"class":125},[50,51946,1770],{"class":64},[20,51948,51949,51950,129],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[380,51951,51953],{"href":51952},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[219,51955,51957],{"id":51956},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51959,51960,51961,51963],{},"Before using ",[15,51962,42172],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51965,51966],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[41,51968,51970],{"className":43,"code":51969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51971,51972,51980,51984,51994,52008,52026,52044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51973,51974,51976,51978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51975,2468],{"class":56},[50,51977,61],{"class":60},[50,51979,48341],{"class":1494},[50,51981,51982],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51983,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51985,51986,51988,51990,51992],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51987,119],{"class":118},[50,51989,122],{"class":64},[50,51991,2495],{"class":125},[50,51993,414],{"class":64},[50,51995,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,51997,119],{"class":118},[50,51999,122],{"class":64},[50,52001,1780],{"class":1779},[50,52003,122],{"class":64},[50,52005,2495],{"class":125},[50,52007,1770],{"class":64},[50,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,52011,119],{"class":118},[50,52013,122],{"class":64},[50,52015,48689],{"class":118},[50,52017,122],{"class":64},[50,52019,2495],{"class":125},[50,52021,89],{"class":64},[50,52023,48718],{"class":1779},[50,52025,1770],{"class":64},[50,52027,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,52029,119],{"class":118},[50,52031,122],{"class":64},[50,52033,48689],{"class":118},[50,52035,122],{"class":64},[50,52037,2495],{"class":125},[50,52039,89],{"class":64},[50,52041,22358],{"class":1779},[50,52043,1770],{"class":64},[50,52045,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058,52060],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,52047,119],{"class":118},[50,52049,122],{"class":64},[50,52051,48689],{"class":118},[50,52053,122],{"class":64},[50,52055,2495],{"class":125},[50,52057,89],{"class":64},[50,52059,9197],{"class":1779},[50,52061,1770],{"class":64},[20,52063,52064],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52066,52067],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[41,52069,52071],{"className":43,"code":52070,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52072,52073,52085,52089,52103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52074,52075,52077,52079,52081,52083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52076,2468],{"class":56},[50,52078,61],{"class":60},[50,52080,81],{"class":68},[50,52082,3870],{"class":72},[50,52084,3384],{"class":68},[50,52086,52087],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52088,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52090,52091,52093,52095,52097,52099,52101],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52092,7023],{"class":1622},[50,52094,21382],{"class":56},[50,52096,12207],{"class":60},[50,52098,8125],{"class":60},[50,52100,1495],{"class":1494},[50,52102,6417],{"class":64},[50,52104,52105,52107,52109,52111,52113,52115],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,52106,8094],{"class":118},[50,52108,122],{"class":64},[50,52110,11181],{"class":118},[50,52112,122],{"class":64},[50,52114,2495],{"class":125},[50,52116,1770],{"class":64},[20,52118,52119,52120,129],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[380,52121,8469],{"href":2320},[219,52123,1663],{"id":1662},[20,52125,22893,52126,78],{},[15,52127,42172],{},[233,52129,52130,52138,52146,52154,52160],{},[236,52131,8444,52132,52134,52135],{},[15,52133,42172],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52136,52137],{},"len(5)",[236,52139,8444,52140,52142,52143],{},[15,52141,42172],{}," on a float like ",[15,52144,52145],{},"len(3.14)",[236,52147,8444,52148,52150,52151,52153],{},[15,52149,42172],{}," on ",[15,52152,38],{}," after a function returns nothing",[236,52155,1686,52156,52159],{},[15,52157,52158],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[236,52161,52162],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52164,52165],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[41,52167,52169],{"className":43,"code":52168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52170,52171,52207],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52172,52173,52175,52177,52179,52181,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203,52205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52174,57],{"class":56},[50,52176,61],{"class":60},[50,52178,65],{"class":64},[50,52180,69],{"class":68},[50,52182,73],{"class":72},[50,52184,69],{"class":68},[50,52186,78],{"class":64},[50,52188,81],{"class":68},[50,52190,84],{"class":72},[50,52192,69],{"class":68},[50,52194,89],{"class":64},[50,52196,81],{"class":68},[50,52198,94],{"class":72},[50,52200,69],{"class":68},[50,52202,78],{"class":64},[50,52204,7816],{"class":101},[50,52206,105],{"class":64},[50,52208,52209,52211,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52210,119],{"class":118},[50,52212,122],{"class":64},[50,52214,11181],{"class":118},[50,52216,122],{"class":64},[50,52218,126],{"class":125},[50,52220,143],{"class":64},[50,52222,51230],{"class":146},[20,52224,37403,52225,52227,52228,1846,52230,129],{},[15,52226,2076],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52229,364],{},[15,52231,52232],{},"\"age\"",[20,52234,52235],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[41,52237,52239],{"className":43,"code":52238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52240,52241,52254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52242,52243,52245,52247,52249,52252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52244,34492],{"class":56},[50,52246,61],{"class":60},[50,52248,81],{"class":68},[50,52250,52251],{"class":72},"a b",[50,52253,3384],{"class":68},[50,52255,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52257,119],{"class":118},[50,52259,122],{"class":64},[50,52261,11181],{"class":118},[50,52263,122],{"class":64},[50,52265,34513],{"class":125},[50,52267,143],{"class":64},[50,52269,50585],{"class":146},[20,52271,52272],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[219,52274,1857],{"id":1856},[811,52276,52278],{"id":52277},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52280,52281],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[811,52283,52285],{"id":52284},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52287,52288],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[811,52290,52292],{"id":52291},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52294,52295],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[811,52297,52299],{"id":52298},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52301,52302,52303,52305,52306,2901,52308,52310,52311,129],{},"No. Using ",[15,52304,42172],{}," on an ",[15,52307,2209],{},[15,52309,2212],{}," raises a ",[15,52312,3029],{},[811,52314,52316],{"id":52315},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52318,7788,52319,129],{},[15,52320,52321],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52323,253],{},[41,52325,52327],{"className":43,"code":52326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52328,52329,52337,52341,52359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52330,52331,52333,52335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52332,8334],{"class":56},[50,52334,61],{"class":60},[50,52336,7865],{"class":64},[50,52338,52339],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52340,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52342,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355,52357],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52344,7023],{"class":1622},[50,52346,38195],{"class":118},[50,52348,122],{"class":64},[50,52350,8365],{"class":125},[50,52352,1206],{"class":64},[50,52354,6432],{"class":60},[50,52356,1192],{"class":101},[50,52358,6417],{"class":64},[50,52360,52361,52363,52365,52367,52370,52372],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,52362,8094],{"class":118},[50,52364,122],{"class":64},[50,52366,69],{"class":68},[50,52368,52369],{"class":72},"Empty list",[50,52371,69],{"class":68},[50,52373,414],{"class":64},[20,52375,52376,52377,52379,52380,52382,52383,52385],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52378,3702],{}," in an ",[15,52381,7023],{}," statement, but ",[15,52384,42172],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[219,52387,1909],{"id":1908},[233,52389,52390,52394,52398,52402,52407,52411,52417],{},[236,52391,52392],{},[380,52393,50791],{"href":50790},[236,52395,52396],{},[380,52397,50795],{"href":50794},[236,52399,52400],{},[380,52401,383],{"href":382},[236,52403,52404],{},[380,52405,52406],{"href":51361},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[236,52408,52409],{},[380,52410,8469],{"href":2320},[236,52412,52413],{},[380,52414,52416],{"href":52415},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[236,52418,52419],{},[380,52420,52421],{"href":51952},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1944,52423,52424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":52426},[52427,52428,52429,52430,52431,52432,52433,52439,52440,52441,52442,52449],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":50593,"depth":108,"text":50594},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":50938,"depth":108,"text":50939},{"id":51125,"depth":108,"text":51126},{"id":51365,"depth":108,"text":51366},{"id":40855,"depth":108,"text":40856,"children":52434},[52435,52436,52437,52438],{"id":51584,"depth":115,"text":51585},{"id":51638,"depth":115,"text":51639},{"id":51689,"depth":115,"text":51690},{"id":51770,"depth":115,"text":51771},{"id":51842,"depth":108,"text":51843},{"id":51956,"depth":108,"text":51957},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":52443},[52444,52445,52446,52447,52448],{"id":52277,"depth":115,"text":52278},{"id":52284,"depth":115,"text":52285},{"id":52291,"depth":115,"text":52292},{"id":52298,"depth":115,"text":52299},{"id":52315,"depth":115,"text":52316},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50476,"description":52450},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52457,"title":52458,"body":52459,"description":54144,"extension":1981,"meta":54145,"navigation":111,"path":54146,"seo":54147,"stem":54148,"__hash__":54149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52460,"toc":54117},[52461,52464,52478,52484,52486,52540,52545,52549,52565,52568,52582,52588,52590,52593,52612,52628,52630,52706,52708,52745,52756,52758,52761,52822,52824,52857,52860,52866,52870,52873,52998,53000,53059,53067,53120,53122,53149,53155,53165,53169,53172,53177,53229,53231,53257,53263,53317,53319,53344,53347,53371,53377,53379,53383,53385,53442,53444,53452,53454,53476,53478,53531,53533,53557,53561,53563,53602,53604,53612,53618,53622,53674,53676,53702,53710,53714,53719,53728,53730,53796,53798,53830,53834,53839,53841,53855,53858,53931,53933,53959,53961,53965,53972,53976,53983,53987,53990,53992,54045,54047,54073,54077,54086,54088,54114],[10,52462,52458],{"id":52463},"python-list-append-method",[20,52465,228,52466,52469,52470,52473,52474,52477],{},[15,52467,52468],{},"append()"," method adds ",[997,52471,52472],{},"one item"," to the ",[997,52475,52476],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52479,52480,52481,52483],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[997,52482,1262],{}," create a new list.",[219,52485,3637],{"id":3636},[41,52487,52489],{"className":43,"code":52488,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52490,52491,52511,52525,52535],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52492,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52494,3647],{"class":56},[50,52496,61],{"class":60},[50,52498,3652],{"class":64},[50,52500,3011],{"class":101},[50,52502,89],{"class":64},[50,52504,3016],{"class":101},[50,52506,89],{"class":64},[50,52508,2473],{"class":101},[50,52510,788],{"class":64},[50,52512,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52514,3678],{"class":56},[50,52516,129],{"class":64},[50,52518,13561],{"class":125},[50,52520,122],{"class":64},[50,52522,2527],{"class":101},[50,52524,414],{"class":64},[50,52526,52527,52529,52531,52533],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52528,119],{"class":118},[50,52530,122],{"class":64},[50,52532,3678],{"class":125},[50,52534,414],{"class":64},[50,52536,52537],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,52538,52539],{"class":146},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52541,212,52542,52544],{},[15,52543,52468],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[219,52546,52548],{"id":52547},"what-append-does","What append() does",[233,52550,52551,52556,52559,52562],{},[236,52552,52553,52555],{},[15,52554,52468],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[236,52557,52558],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[236,52560,52561],{},"It does not create a new list",[236,52563,52564],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52566,52567],{},"This means you can append:",[233,52569,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580],{},[236,52571,3678],{},[236,52573,5332],{},[236,52575,40404],{},[236,52577,5323],{},[236,52579,7276],{},[236,52581,34466],{},[20,52583,52584,52585,129],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[380,52586,52587],{"href":50794},"Python lists explained for beginners",[219,52589,5454],{"id":5453},[20,52591,52592],{},"Basic form:",[41,52594,52596],{"className":43,"code":52595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52597,52598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52599,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608,52610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52601,8365],{"class":56},[50,52603,129],{"class":64},[50,52605,13561],{"class":125},[50,52607,122],{"class":64},[50,52609,23109],{"class":125},[50,52611,414],{"class":64},[233,52613,52614,52619,52624],{},[236,52615,52616,52618],{},[15,52617,8365],{}," is the list you want to change",[236,52620,52621,52623],{},[15,52622,23109],{}," is the value or object to add",[236,52625,11924,52626],{},[15,52627,38],{},[20,52629,253],{},[41,52631,52633],{"className":43,"code":52632,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52634,52635,52659,52682,52686,52696],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52636,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655,52657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52638,36046],{"class":56},[50,52640,61],{"class":60},[50,52642,3652],{"class":64},[50,52644,69],{"class":68},[50,52646,4102],{"class":72},[50,52648,69],{"class":68},[50,52650,89],{"class":64},[50,52652,81],{"class":68},[50,52654,4111],{"class":72},[50,52656,69],{"class":68},[50,52658,788],{"class":64},[50,52660,52661,52663,52665,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678,52680],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52662,2250],{"class":56},[50,52664,61],{"class":60},[50,52666,52667],{"class":56}," fruits",[50,52669,129],{"class":64},[50,52671,13561],{"class":125},[50,52673,122],{"class":64},[50,52675,69],{"class":68},[50,52677,33024],{"class":72},[50,52679,69],{"class":68},[50,52681,414],{"class":64},[50,52683,52684],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52685,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52687,52688,52690,52692,52694],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,52689,119],{"class":118},[50,52691,122],{"class":64},[50,52693,36098],{"class":125},[50,52695,414],{"class":64},[50,52697,52698,52700,52702,52704],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,52699,119],{"class":118},[50,52701,122],{"class":64},[50,52703,2285],{"class":125},[50,52705,414],{"class":64},[20,52707,2091],{},[41,52709,52711],{"className":43,"code":52710,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52712,52713,52741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52714,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52716,779],{"class":64},[50,52718,1736],{"class":68},[50,52720,4102],{"class":72},[50,52722,1736],{"class":68},[50,52724,89],{"class":64},[50,52726,3321],{"class":68},[50,52728,4111],{"class":72},[50,52730,1736],{"class":68},[50,52732,89],{"class":64},[50,52734,3321],{"class":68},[50,52736,33024],{"class":72},[50,52738,1736],{"class":68},[50,52740,788],{"class":64},[50,52742,52743],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52744,11821],{"class":1494},[20,52746,52747,52748,52750,52751,52753,52754,129],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52749,52468],{}," updates ",[15,52752,36098],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52755,38],{},[219,52757,11490],{"id":11489},[20,52759,52760],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[41,52762,52764],{"className":43,"code":52763,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52765,52766,52790,52808,52812],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52767,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52769,13084],{"class":56},[50,52771,61],{"class":60},[50,52773,3652],{"class":64},[50,52775,69],{"class":68},[50,52777,13101],{"class":72},[50,52779,69],{"class":68},[50,52781,89],{"class":64},[50,52783,81],{"class":68},[50,52785,13118],{"class":72},[50,52787,69],{"class":68},[50,52789,788],{"class":64},[50,52791,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52793,17495],{"class":56},[50,52795,129],{"class":64},[50,52797,13561],{"class":125},[50,52799,122],{"class":64},[50,52801,69],{"class":68},[50,52803,17448],{"class":72},[50,52805,69],{"class":68},[50,52807,414],{"class":64},[50,52809,52810],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52811,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52813,52814,52816,52818,52820],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,52815,119],{"class":118},[50,52817,122],{"class":64},[50,52819,17495],{"class":125},[50,52821,414],{"class":64},[20,52823,2091],{},[41,52825,52827],{"className":43,"code":52826,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52828,52829],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52830,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52832,779],{"class":64},[50,52834,1736],{"class":68},[50,52836,13101],{"class":72},[50,52838,1736],{"class":68},[50,52840,89],{"class":64},[50,52842,3321],{"class":68},[50,52844,13118],{"class":72},[50,52846,1736],{"class":68},[50,52848,89],{"class":64},[50,52850,3321],{"class":68},[50,52852,17448],{"class":72},[50,52854,1736],{"class":68},[50,52856,788],{"class":64},[20,52858,52859],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52861,30885,52862,129],{},[380,52863,52865],{"href":52864},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[219,52867,52869],{"id":52868},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52871,52872],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[41,52874,52876],{"className":43,"code":52875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52877,52878,52886,52890,52904,52922,52936,52962,52984,52988],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52879,52880,52882,52884],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52881,7805],{"class":56},[50,52883,61],{"class":60},[50,52885,7865],{"class":64},[50,52887,52888],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52889,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52891,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52893,7836],{"class":56},[50,52895,129],{"class":64},[50,52897,13561],{"class":125},[50,52899,122],{"class":64},[50,52901,2352],{"class":101},[50,52903,414],{"class":64},[50,52905,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,52907,7836],{"class":56},[50,52909,129],{"class":64},[50,52911,13561],{"class":125},[50,52913,122],{"class":64},[50,52915,69],{"class":68},[50,52917,3870],{"class":72},[50,52919,69],{"class":68},[50,52921,414],{"class":64},[50,52923,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,52925,7836],{"class":56},[50,52927,129],{"class":64},[50,52929,13561],{"class":125},[50,52931,122],{"class":64},[50,52933,3632],{"class":1494},[50,52935,414],{"class":64},[50,52937,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,52939,7836],{"class":56},[50,52941,129],{"class":64},[50,52943,13561],{"class":125},[50,52945,5553],{"class":64},[50,52947,69],{"class":68},[50,52949,73],{"class":72},[50,52951,69],{"class":68},[50,52953,78],{"class":64},[50,52955,81],{"class":68},[50,52957,7702],{"class":72},[50,52959,69],{"class":68},[50,52961,30298],{"class":64},[50,52963,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,52965,7836],{"class":56},[50,52967,129],{"class":64},[50,52969,13561],{"class":125},[50,52971,3008],{"class":64},[50,52973,3011],{"class":101},[50,52975,89],{"class":64},[50,52977,3016],{"class":101},[50,52979,89],{"class":64},[50,52981,2473],{"class":101},[50,52983,3911],{"class":64},[50,52985,52986],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,52987,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52989,52990,52992,52994,52996],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,52991,119],{"class":118},[50,52993,122],{"class":64},[50,52995,7836],{"class":125},[50,52997,414],{"class":64},[20,52999,2091],{},[41,53001,53003],{"className":43,"code":53002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53004,53005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53006,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53008,779],{"class":64},[50,53010,2352],{"class":101},[50,53012,89],{"class":64},[50,53014,3321],{"class":68},[50,53016,3870],{"class":72},[50,53018,1736],{"class":68},[50,53020,89],{"class":64},[50,53022,3938],{"class":1494},[50,53024,89],{"class":64},[50,53026,65],{"class":64},[50,53028,1736],{"class":68},[50,53030,73],{"class":72},[50,53032,1736],{"class":68},[50,53034,78],{"class":64},[50,53036,3321],{"class":68},[50,53038,7702],{"class":72},[50,53040,1736],{"class":68},[50,53042,53043],{"class":64},"},",[50,53045,3652],{"class":64},[50,53047,3011],{"class":101},[50,53049,89],{"class":64},[50,53051,3016],{"class":101},[50,53053,89],{"class":64},[50,53055,2473],{"class":101},[50,53057,53058],{"class":64},"]]\n",[20,53060,53061,53062,41966,53064,129],{},"A list added with ",[15,53063,52468],{},[997,53065,53066],{},"one single item",[41,53068,53070],{"className":43,"code":53069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53071,53072,53088,53106,53110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53073,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53075,3647],{"class":56},[50,53077,61],{"class":60},[50,53079,3652],{"class":64},[50,53081,3011],{"class":101},[50,53083,89],{"class":64},[50,53085,3016],{"class":101},[50,53087,788],{"class":64},[50,53089,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53091,3678],{"class":56},[50,53093,129],{"class":64},[50,53095,13561],{"class":125},[50,53097,3008],{"class":64},[50,53099,2082],{"class":101},[50,53101,89],{"class":64},[50,53103,2479],{"class":101},[50,53105,3911],{"class":64},[50,53107,53108],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53109,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53111,53112,53114,53116,53118],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53113,119],{"class":118},[50,53115,122],{"class":64},[50,53117,3678],{"class":125},[50,53119,414],{"class":64},[20,53121,2091],{},[41,53123,53125],{"className":43,"code":53124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53126,53127],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53128,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53130,779],{"class":64},[50,53132,3011],{"class":101},[50,53134,89],{"class":64},[50,53136,3016],{"class":101},[50,53138,89],{"class":64},[50,53140,3652],{"class":64},[50,53142,2082],{"class":101},[50,53144,89],{"class":64},[50,53146,2479],{"class":101},[50,53148,53058],{"class":64},[20,53150,2307,53151,53154],{},[15,53152,53153],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53156,53157,53158,53164],{},"This is different from ",[380,53159,53161],{"href":53160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53162,53163],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[219,53166,53168],{"id":53167},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53170,53171],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[811,53173,8444,53175],{"id":53174},"using-append",[15,53176,52468],{},[41,53178,53179],{"className":43,"code":53069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53180,53181,53197,53215,53219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53182,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53184,3647],{"class":56},[50,53186,61],{"class":60},[50,53188,3652],{"class":64},[50,53190,3011],{"class":101},[50,53192,89],{"class":64},[50,53194,3016],{"class":101},[50,53196,788],{"class":64},[50,53198,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53200,3678],{"class":56},[50,53202,129],{"class":64},[50,53204,13561],{"class":125},[50,53206,3008],{"class":64},[50,53208,2082],{"class":101},[50,53210,89],{"class":64},[50,53212,2479],{"class":101},[50,53214,3911],{"class":64},[50,53216,53217],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53218,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53220,53221,53223,53225,53227],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53222,119],{"class":118},[50,53224,122],{"class":64},[50,53226,3678],{"class":125},[50,53228,414],{"class":64},[20,53230,2091],{},[41,53232,53233],{"className":43,"code":53124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53234,53235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53236,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53238,779],{"class":64},[50,53240,3011],{"class":101},[50,53242,89],{"class":64},[50,53244,3016],{"class":101},[50,53246,89],{"class":64},[50,53248,3652],{"class":64},[50,53250,2082],{"class":101},[50,53252,89],{"class":64},[50,53254,2479],{"class":101},[50,53256,53058],{"class":64},[811,53258,8444,53260],{"id":53259},"using-extend",[15,53261,53262],{},"extend()",[41,53264,53266],{"className":43,"code":53265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53267,53268,53284,53303,53307],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53269,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53271,3647],{"class":56},[50,53273,61],{"class":60},[50,53275,3652],{"class":64},[50,53277,3011],{"class":101},[50,53279,89],{"class":64},[50,53281,3016],{"class":101},[50,53283,788],{"class":64},[50,53285,53286,53288,53290,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53287,3678],{"class":56},[50,53289,129],{"class":64},[50,53291,53292],{"class":125},"extend",[50,53294,3008],{"class":64},[50,53296,2082],{"class":101},[50,53298,89],{"class":64},[50,53300,2479],{"class":101},[50,53302,3911],{"class":64},[50,53304,53305],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53306,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53308,53309,53311,53313,53315],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53310,119],{"class":118},[50,53312,122],{"class":64},[50,53314,3678],{"class":125},[50,53316,414],{"class":64},[20,53318,2091],{},[41,53320,53322],{"className":43,"code":53321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53323,53324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53325,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53327,779],{"class":64},[50,53329,3011],{"class":101},[50,53331,89],{"class":64},[50,53333,3016],{"class":101},[50,53335,89],{"class":64},[50,53337,2473],{"class":101},[50,53339,89],{"class":64},[50,53341,2479],{"class":101},[50,53343,788],{"class":64},[20,53345,53346],{},"The difference:",[233,53348,53349,53355,53361,53366],{},[236,53350,53351,53354],{},[15,53352,53353],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[236,53356,53357,53360],{},[15,53358,53359],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[236,53362,212,53363,53365],{},[15,53364,52468],{}," for one item",[236,53367,212,53368,53370],{},[15,53369,53262],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53372,53373,53374,129],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[380,53375,53376],{"href":53160},"Python list extend() method",[219,53378,4543],{"id":4542},[811,53380,53382],{"id":53381},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53384,25490],{},[41,53386,53388],{"className":43,"code":53387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53389,53390,53410,53428,53432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53391,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53393,7805],{"class":56},[50,53395,61],{"class":60},[50,53397,3652],{"class":64},[50,53399,3011],{"class":101},[50,53401,89],{"class":64},[50,53403,3016],{"class":101},[50,53405,89],{"class":64},[50,53407,2473],{"class":101},[50,53409,788],{"class":64},[50,53411,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53413,7805],{"class":56},[50,53415,61],{"class":60},[50,53417,5990],{"class":56},[50,53419,129],{"class":64},[50,53421,13561],{"class":125},[50,53423,122],{"class":64},[50,53425,2527],{"class":101},[50,53427,414],{"class":64},[50,53429,53430],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53431,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53433,53434,53436,53438,53440],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53435,119],{"class":118},[50,53437,122],{"class":64},[50,53439,7836],{"class":125},[50,53441,414],{"class":64},[20,53443,2091],{},[41,53445,53446],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53447,53448],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53449,53450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53451,11821],{"class":1494},[20,53453,11913],{},[233,53455,53456,53461,53467],{},[236,53457,53458,53460],{},[15,53459,52468],{}," changes the list in place",[236,53462,53463,35,53465],{},[15,53464,52468],{},[15,53466,38],{},[236,53468,53469,53470,53473,53474],{},"So ",[15,53471,53472],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53475,38],{},[20,53477,10827],{},[41,53479,53481],{"className":43,"code":53480,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53482,53483,53503,53517,53521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53484,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53486,7805],{"class":56},[50,53488,61],{"class":60},[50,53490,3652],{"class":64},[50,53492,3011],{"class":101},[50,53494,89],{"class":64},[50,53496,3016],{"class":101},[50,53498,89],{"class":64},[50,53500,2473],{"class":101},[50,53502,788],{"class":64},[50,53504,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53506,7836],{"class":56},[50,53508,129],{"class":64},[50,53510,13561],{"class":125},[50,53512,122],{"class":64},[50,53514,2527],{"class":101},[50,53516,414],{"class":64},[50,53518,53519],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53520,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53522,53523,53525,53527,53529],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53524,119],{"class":118},[50,53526,122],{"class":64},[50,53528,7836],{"class":125},[50,53530,414],{"class":64},[20,53532,2091],{},[41,53534,53535],{"className":43,"code":53321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53536,53537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53538,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53540,779],{"class":64},[50,53542,3011],{"class":101},[50,53544,89],{"class":64},[50,53546,3016],{"class":101},[50,53548,89],{"class":64},[50,53550,2473],{"class":101},[50,53552,89],{"class":64},[50,53554,2479],{"class":101},[50,53556,788],{"class":64},[811,53558,53560],{"id":53559},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53562,18903],{},[41,53564,53566],{"className":43,"code":53565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53567,53568,53592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53569,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53571,31685],{"class":56},[50,53573,61],{"class":60},[50,53575,3652],{"class":64},[50,53577,3011],{"class":101},[50,53579,89],{"class":64},[50,53581,3016],{"class":101},[50,53583,13558],{"class":64},[50,53585,13561],{"class":125},[50,53587,122],{"class":64},[50,53589,2082],{"class":101},[50,53591,414],{"class":64},[50,53593,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53595,119],{"class":118},[50,53597,122],{"class":64},[50,53599,31704],{"class":125},[50,53601,414],{"class":64},[20,53603,2091],{},[41,53605,53606],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53607,53608],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53609,53610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53611,11821],{"class":1494},[20,53613,53614,53615,53617],{},"Remember: ",[15,53616,52468],{}," updates the list you already have.",[811,53619,53621],{"id":53620},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[41,53623,53624],{"className":43,"code":53069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53625,53626,53642,53660,53664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53627,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53629,3647],{"class":56},[50,53631,61],{"class":60},[50,53633,3652],{"class":64},[50,53635,3011],{"class":101},[50,53637,89],{"class":64},[50,53639,3016],{"class":101},[50,53641,788],{"class":64},[50,53643,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53645,3678],{"class":56},[50,53647,129],{"class":64},[50,53649,13561],{"class":125},[50,53651,3008],{"class":64},[50,53653,2082],{"class":101},[50,53655,89],{"class":64},[50,53657,2479],{"class":101},[50,53659,3911],{"class":64},[50,53661,53662],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53663,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53665,53666,53668,53670,53672],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53667,119],{"class":118},[50,53669,122],{"class":64},[50,53671,3678],{"class":125},[50,53673,414],{"class":64},[20,53675,2091],{},[41,53677,53678],{"className":43,"code":53124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53679,53680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53681,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698,53700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53683,779],{"class":64},[50,53685,3011],{"class":101},[50,53687,89],{"class":64},[50,53689,3016],{"class":101},[50,53691,89],{"class":64},[50,53693,3652],{"class":64},[50,53695,2082],{"class":101},[50,53697,89],{"class":64},[50,53699,2479],{"class":101},[50,53701,53058],{"class":64},[20,53703,3194,53704,53707,53708,6656],{},[15,53705,53706],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53709,53262],{},[811,53711,53713],{"id":53712},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53715,53716,53718],{},[15,53717,52468],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53720,53721,53722,129],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[380,53723,53725],{"href":53724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53726,53727],{},"list.insert()",[20,53729,253],{},[41,53731,53733],{"className":43,"code":53732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53734,53735,53759,53782,53786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53736,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53738,35897],{"class":56},[50,53740,61],{"class":60},[50,53742,3652],{"class":64},[50,53744,69],{"class":68},[50,53746,380],{"class":72},[50,53748,69],{"class":68},[50,53750,89],{"class":64},[50,53752,81],{"class":68},[50,53754,9763],{"class":72},[50,53756,69],{"class":68},[50,53758,788],{"class":64},[50,53760,53761,53763,53765,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53762,35950],{"class":56},[50,53764,129],{"class":64},[50,53766,53767],{"class":125},"insert",[50,53769,122],{"class":64},[50,53771,3011],{"class":101},[50,53773,89],{"class":64},[50,53775,81],{"class":68},[50,53777,4784],{"class":72},[50,53779,69],{"class":68},[50,53781,414],{"class":64},[50,53783,53784],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53785,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53787,53788,53790,53792,53794],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53789,119],{"class":118},[50,53791,122],{"class":64},[50,53793,35950],{"class":125},[50,53795,414],{"class":64},[20,53797,2091],{},[41,53799,53800],{"className":43,"code":42687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53801,53802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53803,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53805,779],{"class":64},[50,53807,1736],{"class":68},[50,53809,380],{"class":72},[50,53811,1736],{"class":68},[50,53813,89],{"class":64},[50,53815,3321],{"class":68},[50,53817,4784],{"class":72},[50,53819,1736],{"class":68},[50,53821,89],{"class":64},[50,53823,3321],{"class":68},[50,53825,9763],{"class":72},[50,53827,1736],{"class":68},[50,53829,788],{"class":64},[219,53831,53833],{"id":53832},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53835,53836,53838],{},[15,53837,52468],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53840,36233],{},[233,53842,53843,53846,53849,53852],{},[236,53844,53845],{},"building a list in a loop",[236,53847,53848],{},"collecting user input",[236,53850,53851],{},"storing results step by step",[236,53853,53854],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53856,53857],{},"Example with a loop:",[41,53859,53861],{"className":43,"code":53860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53862,53863,53872,53876,53897,53916,53920],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53864,53865,53868,53870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53866,53867],{"class":56},"squares ",[50,53869,61],{"class":60},[50,53871,7865],{"class":64},[50,53873,53874],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53875,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53877,53878,53880,53882,53884,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53879,5982],{"class":1622},[50,53881,6410],{"class":56},[50,53883,1562],{"class":1622},[50,53885,53886],{"class":118}," range",[50,53888,122],{"class":64},[50,53890,3011],{"class":101},[50,53892,89],{"class":64},[50,53894,4629],{"class":101},[50,53896,8368],{"class":64},[50,53898,53899,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,53900,53901],{"class":56},"    squares",[50,53903,129],{"class":64},[50,53905,13561],{"class":125},[50,53907,122],{"class":64},[50,53909,2237],{"class":125},[50,53911,39682],{"class":60},[50,53913,2217],{"class":125},[50,53915,414],{"class":64},[50,53917,53918],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,53919,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53921,53922,53924,53926,53929],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,53923,119],{"class":118},[50,53925,122],{"class":64},[50,53927,53928],{"class":125},"squares",[50,53930,414],{"class":64},[20,53932,2091],{},[41,53934,53936],{"className":43,"code":53935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53937,53938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53939,53940,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53953,53955,53957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53941,779],{"class":64},[50,53943,3011],{"class":101},[50,53945,89],{"class":64},[50,53947,2479],{"class":101},[50,53949,89],{"class":64},[50,53951,53952],{"class":101}," 9",[50,53954,89],{"class":64},[50,53956,13993],{"class":101},[50,53958,788],{"class":64},[219,53960,1857],{"id":1856},[811,53962,53964],{"id":53963},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53966,46178,53967,53969,53970,129],{},[15,53968,52468],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53971,38],{},[811,53973,53975],{"id":53974},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53977,53978,53979,129],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[380,53980,53981],{"href":53160},[15,53982,53262],{},[811,53984,53986],{"id":53985},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53988,53989],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53991,253],{},[41,53993,53995],{"className":43,"code":53994,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53996,53997,54013,54031,54035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53998,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54000,829],{"class":56},[50,54002,61],{"class":60},[50,54004,3652],{"class":64},[50,54006,3011],{"class":101},[50,54008,89],{"class":64},[50,54010,3016],{"class":101},[50,54012,788],{"class":64},[50,54014,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027,54029],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54016,776],{"class":56},[50,54018,129],{"class":64},[50,54020,13561],{"class":125},[50,54022,3008],{"class":64},[50,54024,2082],{"class":101},[50,54026,89],{"class":64},[50,54028,2479],{"class":101},[50,54030,3911],{"class":64},[50,54032,54033],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54034,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54036,54037,54039,54041,54043],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,54038,119],{"class":118},[50,54040,122],{"class":64},[50,54042,776],{"class":125},[50,54044,414],{"class":64},[20,54046,2091],{},[41,54048,54049],{"className":43,"code":53124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54050,54051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54052,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54054,779],{"class":64},[50,54056,3011],{"class":101},[50,54058,89],{"class":64},[50,54060,3016],{"class":101},[50,54062,89],{"class":64},[50,54064,3652],{"class":64},[50,54066,2082],{"class":101},[50,54068,89],{"class":64},[50,54070,2479],{"class":101},[50,54072,53058],{"class":64},[811,54074,54076],{"id":54075},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54078,54079,54081,54082,54085],{},[15,54080,52468],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54083,54084],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[219,54087,1909],{"id":1908},[233,54089,54090,54095,54099,54104,54108],{},[236,54091,54092],{},[380,54093,54094],{"href":52864},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[236,54096,54097],{},[380,54098,53376],{"href":53160},[236,54100,54101],{},[380,54102,54103],{"href":53724},"Python list insert() method",[236,54105,54106],{},[380,54107,52587],{"href":50794},[236,54109,54110],{},[380,54111,54113],{"href":54112},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1944,54115,54116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":54118},[54119,54120,54121,54122,54123,54124,54130,54136,54137,54143],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":52547,"depth":108,"text":52548},{"id":5453,"depth":108,"text":5454},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":52868,"depth":108,"text":52869},{"id":53167,"depth":108,"text":53168,"children":54125},[54126,54128],{"id":53174,"depth":115,"text":54127},"Using append()",{"id":53259,"depth":115,"text":54129},"Using extend()",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":54131},[54132,54133,54134,54135],{"id":53381,"depth":115,"text":53382},{"id":53559,"depth":115,"text":53560},{"id":53620,"depth":115,"text":53621},{"id":53712,"depth":115,"text":53713},{"id":53832,"depth":108,"text":53833},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":54138},[54139,54140,54141,54142],{"id":53963,"depth":115,"text":53964},{"id":53974,"depth":115,"text":53975},{"id":53985,"depth":115,"text":53986},{"id":54075,"depth":115,"text":54076},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52458,"description":54144},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54151,"title":54152,"body":54153,"description":55397,"extension":1981,"meta":55398,"navigation":111,"path":55399,"seo":55400,"stem":55401,"__hash__":55402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54154,"toc":55362},[54155,54161,54167,54173,54175,54223,54228,54233,54237,54253,54259,54261,54264,54279,54281,54292,54294,54296,54353,54355,54363,54365,54381,54387,54389,54395,54399,54483,54486,54535,54542,54550,54553,54567,54580,54586,54661,54668,54675,54749,54757,54760,54771,54780,54784,54788,54799,54801,54878,54899,54901,54911,54914,54962,54964,54985,54988,54990,55041,55047,55054,55121,55127,55133,55136,55163,55168,55174,55177,55249,55252,55263,55269,55271,55277,55280,55286,55292,55299,55307,55313,55319,55321,55359],[10,54156,54158,54159,18],{"id":54157},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54160,11339],{},[20,54162,54163,54166],{},[15,54164,54165],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54168,54169,54170,54172],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[997,54171,11351],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[219,54174,3637],{"id":3636},[41,54176,54178],{"className":43,"code":54177,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54179,54180,54200,54210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54181,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196,54198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54183,7805],{"class":56},[50,54185,61],{"class":60},[50,54187,3652],{"class":64},[50,54189,3011],{"class":101},[50,54191,89],{"class":64},[50,54193,3016],{"class":101},[50,54195,89],{"class":64},[50,54197,2473],{"class":101},[50,54199,788],{"class":64},[50,54201,54202,54204,54206,54208],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54203,7836],{"class":56},[50,54205,129],{"class":64},[50,54207,11400],{"class":125},[50,54209,8671],{"class":64},[50,54211,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54213,119],{"class":118},[50,54215,122],{"class":64},[50,54217,7836],{"class":125},[50,54219,1206],{"class":64},[50,54221,54222],{"class":146},"  # []\n",[20,54224,212,54225,54227],{},[15,54226,11339],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[219,54229,222,54231,225],{"id":54230},"what-listclear-does",[15,54232,54165],{},[20,54234,54235,78],{},[15,54236,54165],{},[233,54238,54239,54242,54245,54250],{},[236,54240,54241],{},"Removes every item from a list",[236,54243,54244],{},"Changes the original list in place",[236,54246,54247,54248],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54249,1234],{},[236,54251,54252],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54254,54255,54256,54258],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54257,11339],{},", but it contains no values.",[219,54260,387],{"id":386},[20,54262,54263],{},"Syntax:",[41,54265,54267],{"className":43,"code":54266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54268,54269],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54272,8365],{"class":56},[50,54274,129],{"class":64},[50,54276,11400],{"class":125},[50,54278,8671],{"class":64},[20,54280,11473],{},[233,54282,54283,54286,54289],{},[236,54284,54285],{},"Call it on a list object",[236,54287,54288],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[236,54290,54291],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[219,54293,11490],{"id":11489},[20,54295,11493],{},[41,54297,54299],{"className":43,"code":54298,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54300,54301,54325,54329,54339,54343],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54302,54303,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54304,3647],{"class":56},[50,54306,61],{"class":60},[50,54308,3652],{"class":64},[50,54310,2352],{"class":101},[50,54312,89],{"class":64},[50,54314,7816],{"class":101},[50,54316,89],{"class":64},[50,54318,7821],{"class":101},[50,54320,89],{"class":64},[50,54322,50658],{"class":101},[50,54324,788],{"class":64},[50,54326,54327],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54328,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54330,54331,54333,54335,54337],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54332,3678],{"class":56},[50,54334,129],{"class":64},[50,54336,11400],{"class":125},[50,54338,8671],{"class":64},[50,54340,54341],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,54342,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54344,54345,54347,54349,54351],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,54346,119],{"class":118},[50,54348,122],{"class":64},[50,54350,3678],{"class":125},[50,54352,414],{"class":64},[20,54354,2091],{},[41,54356,54357],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54358,54359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54360,54361],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54362,38106],{"class":64},[20,54364,11697],{},[233,54366,54367,54372,54378],{},[236,54368,54369,54371],{},[15,54370,3678],{}," starts with four items",[236,54373,54374,54377],{},[15,54375,54376],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[236,54379,54380],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54382,54383,54384,129],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[380,54385,52587],{"href":54386},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[219,54388,17411],{"id":17410},[20,54390,54391,35,54393,129],{},[15,54392,11339],{},[15,54394,38],{},[20,54396,40716,54397,52483],{},[997,54398,1262],{},[41,54400,54402],{"className":43,"code":54401,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54403,54404,54436,54440,54454,54458,54471],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54405,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54407,7805],{"class":56},[50,54409,61],{"class":60},[50,54411,3652],{"class":64},[50,54413,69],{"class":68},[50,54415,380],{"class":72},[50,54417,69],{"class":68},[50,54419,89],{"class":64},[50,54421,81],{"class":68},[50,54423,4784],{"class":72},[50,54425,69],{"class":68},[50,54427,89],{"class":64},[50,54429,81],{"class":68},[50,54431,9763],{"class":72},[50,54433,69],{"class":68},[50,54435,788],{"class":64},[50,54437,54438],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54439,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54441,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450,54452],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54443,2250],{"class":56},[50,54445,61],{"class":60},[50,54447,5990],{"class":56},[50,54449,129],{"class":64},[50,54451,11400],{"class":125},[50,54453,8671],{"class":64},[50,54455,54456],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,54457,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54459,54460,54462,54464,54466,54468],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,54461,119],{"class":118},[50,54463,122],{"class":64},[50,54465,7836],{"class":125},[50,54467,1206],{"class":64},[50,54469,54470],{"class":146},"   # []\n",[50,54472,54473,54475,54477,54479,54481],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,54474,119],{"class":118},[50,54476,122],{"class":64},[50,54478,2285],{"class":125},[50,54480,1206],{"class":64},[50,54482,1321],{"class":146},[20,54484,54485],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[41,54487,54489],{"className":43,"code":54488,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54490,54491,54511,54525],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54492,54493,54495,54497,54499,54501,54503,54505,54507,54509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54494,7805],{"class":56},[50,54496,61],{"class":60},[50,54498,3652],{"class":64},[50,54500,3011],{"class":101},[50,54502,89],{"class":64},[50,54504,3016],{"class":101},[50,54506,89],{"class":64},[50,54508,2473],{"class":101},[50,54510,788],{"class":64},[50,54512,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521,54523],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54514,7805],{"class":56},[50,54516,61],{"class":60},[50,54518,5990],{"class":56},[50,54520,129],{"class":64},[50,54522,11400],{"class":125},[50,54524,8671],{"class":64},[50,54526,54527,54529,54531,54533],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54528,119],{"class":118},[50,54530,122],{"class":64},[50,54532,7836],{"class":125},[50,54534,414],{"class":64},[20,54536,11929,54537,41966,54539,54541],{},[15,54538,7836],{},[15,54540,38],{},", not an empty list.",[219,54543,54545,54547,54548],{"id":54544},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54546,11339],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54549,1234],{},[20,54551,54552],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[41,54554,54555],{"className":43,"code":54266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54556,54557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54558,54559,54561,54563,54565],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54560,8365],{"class":56},[50,54562,129],{"class":64},[50,54564,11400],{"class":125},[50,54566,8671],{"class":64},[41,54568,54570],{"className":43,"code":54569,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n",[15,54571,54572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54573,54574,54576,54578],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54575,8334],{"class":56},[50,54577,61],{"class":60},[50,54579,7865],{"class":64},[811,54581,54583,54585],{"id":54582},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54584,11339],{}," empties the same list object",[41,54587,54589],{"className":43,"code":54588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54590,54591,54611,54619,54623,54633,54637,54649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54592,54593,54595,54597,54599,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54594,2577],{"class":56},[50,54596,61],{"class":60},[50,54598,3652],{"class":64},[50,54600,3011],{"class":101},[50,54602,89],{"class":64},[50,54604,3016],{"class":101},[50,54606,89],{"class":64},[50,54608,2473],{"class":101},[50,54610,788],{"class":64},[50,54612,54613,54615,54617],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54614,2605],{"class":56},[50,54616,61],{"class":60},[50,54618,35982],{"class":56},[50,54620,54621],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54622,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54624,54625,54627,54629,54631],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,54626,380],{"class":56},[50,54628,129],{"class":64},[50,54630,11400],{"class":125},[50,54632,8671],{"class":64},[50,54634,54635],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,54636,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54638,54639,54641,54643,54645,54647],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,54640,119],{"class":118},[50,54642,122],{"class":64},[50,54644,380],{"class":125},[50,54646,1206],{"class":64},[50,54648,54222],{"class":146},[50,54650,54651,54653,54655,54657,54659],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,54652,119],{"class":118},[50,54654,122],{"class":64},[50,54656,4784],{"class":125},[50,54658,1206],{"class":64},[50,54660,54222],{"class":146},[20,54662,10613,54663,1846,54665,54667],{},[15,54664,380],{},[15,54666,4784],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[811,54669,54671,54674],{"id":54670},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54672,54673],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[41,54676,54678],{"className":43,"code":54677,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54679,54680,54700,54708,54712,54720,54724,54736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54681,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690,54692,54694,54696,54698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54683,2577],{"class":56},[50,54685,61],{"class":60},[50,54687,3652],{"class":64},[50,54689,3011],{"class":101},[50,54691,89],{"class":64},[50,54693,3016],{"class":101},[50,54695,89],{"class":64},[50,54697,2473],{"class":101},[50,54699,788],{"class":64},[50,54701,54702,54704,54706],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54703,2605],{"class":56},[50,54705,61],{"class":60},[50,54707,35982],{"class":56},[50,54709,54710],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54711,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54713,54714,54716,54718],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,54715,2577],{"class":56},[50,54717,61],{"class":60},[50,54719,7865],{"class":64},[50,54721,54722],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,54723,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54725,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,54727,119],{"class":118},[50,54729,122],{"class":64},[50,54731,380],{"class":125},[50,54733,1206],{"class":64},[50,54735,54222],{"class":146},[50,54737,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,54739,119],{"class":118},[50,54741,122],{"class":64},[50,54743,4784],{"class":125},[50,54745,1206],{"class":64},[50,54747,54748],{"class":146},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54750,1212,54751,54753,54754,54756],{},[15,54752,380],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54755,4784],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54758,54759],{},"This difference matters when:",[233,54761,54762,54765,54768],{},[236,54763,54764],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[236,54766,54767],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[236,54769,54770],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54772,54773,54774,129],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[380,54775,54777,54778,1845],{"href":54776},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54779,12787],{},[219,54781,582,54782],{"id":12451},[15,54783,11339],{},[20,54785,212,54786,6342],{},[15,54787,11339],{},[233,54789,54790,54793,54796],{},[236,54791,54792],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[236,54794,54795],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[236,54797,54798],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54800,253],{},[41,54802,54804],{"className":43,"code":54803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54805,54806,54842,54846,54851,54862,54866],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54807,54808,54811,54813,54815,54817,54820,54822,54824,54826,54829,54831,54833,54835,54838,54840],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54809,54810],{"class":56},"shopping_cart ",[50,54812,61],{"class":60},[50,54814,3652],{"class":64},[50,54816,69],{"class":68},[50,54818,54819],{"class":72},"milk",[50,54821,69],{"class":68},[50,54823,89],{"class":64},[50,54825,81],{"class":68},[50,54827,54828],{"class":72},"bread",[50,54830,69],{"class":68},[50,54832,89],{"class":64},[50,54834,81],{"class":68},[50,54836,54837],{"class":72},"eggs",[50,54839,69],{"class":68},[50,54841,788],{"class":64},[50,54843,54844],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54845,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54847,54848],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54849,54850],{"class":146},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[50,54852,54853,54856,54858,54860],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,54854,54855],{"class":56},"shopping_cart",[50,54857,129],{"class":64},[50,54859,11400],{"class":125},[50,54861,8671],{"class":64},[50,54863,54864],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,54865,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54867,54868,54870,54872,54874,54876],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,54869,119],{"class":118},[50,54871,122],{"class":64},[50,54873,54855],{"class":125},[50,54875,1206],{"class":64},[50,54877,54222],{"class":146},[20,54879,54880,54881,54885,54886,54892,54893,129],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[380,54882,54884],{"href":54883},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[380,54887,54889,1845],{"href":54888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54890,54891],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[380,54894,54896,1845],{"href":54895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54897,54898],{},"list.pop()",[219,54900,4543],{"id":4542},[811,54902,54904,54905,11111,54908],{"id":54903},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54906,54907],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54909,54910],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54912,54913],{},"This does not call the method.",[41,54915,54917],{"className":43,"code":54916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54918,54919,54939,54943,54952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54920,54921,54923,54925,54927,54929,54931,54933,54935,54937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54922,7805],{"class":56},[50,54924,61],{"class":60},[50,54926,3652],{"class":64},[50,54928,3011],{"class":101},[50,54930,89],{"class":64},[50,54932,3016],{"class":101},[50,54934,89],{"class":64},[50,54936,2473],{"class":101},[50,54938,788],{"class":64},[50,54940,54941],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54942,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54944,54945,54947,54949],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54946,7836],{"class":56},[50,54948,129],{"class":64},[50,54950,54951],{"class":24549},"clear\n",[50,54953,54954,54956,54958,54960],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,54955,119],{"class":118},[50,54957,122],{"class":64},[50,54959,7836],{"class":125},[50,54961,414],{"class":64},[20,54963,2091],{},[41,54965,54967],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54968,54969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54970,54971,54973,54975,54977,54979,54981,54983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54972,779],{"class":64},[50,54974,3011],{"class":101},[50,54976,89],{"class":64},[50,54978,3016],{"class":101},[50,54980,89],{"class":64},[50,54982,2473],{"class":101},[50,54984,788],{"class":64},[20,54986,54987],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54989,10827],{},[41,54991,54993],{"className":43,"code":54992,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54994,54995,55015,55019,55029],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54996,54997,54999,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54998,7805],{"class":56},[50,55000,61],{"class":60},[50,55002,3652],{"class":64},[50,55004,3011],{"class":101},[50,55006,89],{"class":64},[50,55008,3016],{"class":101},[50,55010,89],{"class":64},[50,55012,2473],{"class":101},[50,55014,788],{"class":64},[50,55016,55017],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55018,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55020,55021,55023,55025,55027],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55022,7836],{"class":56},[50,55024,129],{"class":64},[50,55026,11400],{"class":125},[50,55028,8671],{"class":64},[50,55030,55031,55033,55035,55037,55039],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55032,119],{"class":118},[50,55034,122],{"class":64},[50,55036,7836],{"class":125},[50,55038,1206],{"class":64},[50,55040,54222],{"class":146},[811,55042,8480,55044,55046],{"id":55043},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55045,11339],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55048,55049,35,55051,55053],{},[15,55050,11339],{},[15,55052,38],{},", not the list.",[41,55055,55057],{"className":43,"code":55056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55058,55059,55079,55093,55097,55109],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55060,55061,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071,55073,55075,55077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55062,7805],{"class":56},[50,55064,61],{"class":60},[50,55066,3652],{"class":64},[50,55068,3011],{"class":101},[50,55070,89],{"class":64},[50,55072,3016],{"class":101},[50,55074,89],{"class":64},[50,55076,2473],{"class":101},[50,55078,788],{"class":64},[50,55080,55081,55083,55085,55087,55089,55091],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55082,2250],{"class":56},[50,55084,61],{"class":60},[50,55086,5990],{"class":56},[50,55088,129],{"class":64},[50,55090,11400],{"class":125},[50,55092,8671],{"class":64},[50,55094,55095],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55096,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55098,55099,55101,55103,55105,55107],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55100,119],{"class":118},[50,55102,122],{"class":64},[50,55104,2285],{"class":125},[50,55106,1206],{"class":64},[50,55108,1321],{"class":146},[50,55110,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,55112,119],{"class":118},[50,55114,122],{"class":64},[50,55116,7836],{"class":125},[50,55118,1206],{"class":64},[50,55120,54470],{"class":146},[811,55122,8444,55124,55126],{"id":55123},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55125,11339],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55128,55129,55130,55132],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55131,11339],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55134,55135],{},"This will fail:",[41,55137,55139],{"className":43,"code":55138,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55140,55141,55153],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55142,55143,55145,55147,55149,55151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55144,34492],{"class":56},[50,55146,61],{"class":60},[50,55148,81],{"class":68},[50,55150,3870],{"class":72},[50,55152,3384],{"class":68},[50,55154,55155,55157,55159,55161],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55156,34513],{"class":56},[50,55158,129],{"class":64},[50,55160,11400],{"class":125},[50,55162,8671],{"class":64},[20,55164,55165,55166,33404],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55167,11339],{},[20,55169,55170,55171,55173],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55172,38],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55175,55176],{},"Useful checks:",[41,55178,55180],{"className":43,"code":55179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55181,55182,55192,55206,55220,55229,55239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55183,55184,55186,55188,55190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55185,119],{"class":118},[50,55187,122],{"class":64},[50,55189,8365],{"class":125},[50,55191,414],{"class":64},[50,55193,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55195,119],{"class":118},[50,55197,122],{"class":64},[50,55199,1780],{"class":1779},[50,55201,122],{"class":64},[50,55203,8365],{"class":125},[50,55205,1770],{"class":64},[50,55207,55208,55210,55212,55214,55216,55218],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55209,119],{"class":118},[50,55211,122],{"class":64},[50,55213,12661],{"class":118},[50,55215,122],{"class":64},[50,55217,8365],{"class":125},[50,55219,1770],{"class":64},[50,55221,55222,55224,55226],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55223,43361],{"class":56},[50,55225,61],{"class":60},[50,55227,55228],{"class":56}," my_list\n",[50,55230,55231,55233,55235,55237],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,55232,8365],{"class":56},[50,55234,129],{"class":64},[50,55236,11400],{"class":125},[50,55238,8671],{"class":64},[50,55240,55241,55243,55245,55247],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,55242,119],{"class":118},[50,55244,122],{"class":64},[50,55246,30545],{"class":125},[50,55248,414],{"class":64},[20,55250,55251],{},"These can help you see:",[233,55253,55254,55257,55260],{},[236,55255,55256],{},"What the variable currently contains",[236,55258,55259],{},"Whether it is really a list",[236,55261,55262],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55264,55265,55266,129],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[380,55267,55268],{"href":54112},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[219,55270,1857],{"id":1856},[811,55272,1861,55274,55276],{"id":55273},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55275,54165],{}," delete the list?",[20,55278,55279],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[811,55281,1861,55283,55285],{"id":55282},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55284,54165],{}," return a new list?",[20,55287,55288,55289,55291],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55290,38],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[811,55293,5202,55295,1846,55297,1867],{"id":55294},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55296,11339],{},[15,55298,54673],{},[20,55300,55301,55303,55304,55306],{},[15,55302,11339],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55305,54673],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[811,55308,28129,55310,55312],{"id":55309},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55311,11339],{}," on other types?",[20,55314,55315,55316,55318],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55317,11339],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[219,55320,1909],{"id":1908},[233,55322,55323,55327,55332,55339,55346,55352],{},[236,55324,55325],{},[380,55326,52587],{"href":54386},[236,55328,55329],{},[380,55330,55331],{"href":54883},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[236,55333,55334],{},[380,55335,55336,55337,1845],{"href":54895},"Python list ",[15,55338,12773],{},[236,55340,55341],{},[380,55342,55336,55343,1845],{"href":54888},[15,55344,55345],{},"remove()",[236,55347,55348],{},[380,55349,55336,55350,1845],{"href":54776},[15,55351,12787],{},[236,55353,55354],{},[380,55355,30149,55356,33437],{"href":54112},[15,55357,55358],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1944,55360,55361],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":55363},[55364,55365,55367,55368,55369,55370,55377,55378,55386,55396],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":54230,"depth":108,"text":55366},"What list.clear() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":54544,"depth":108,"text":55371,"children":55372},"clear() vs assigning []",[55373,55375],{"id":54582,"depth":115,"text":55374},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54670,"depth":115,"text":55376},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12451,"depth":108,"text":12819},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":55379},[55380,55382,55384],{"id":54903,"depth":115,"text":55381},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55043,"depth":115,"text":55383},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55123,"depth":115,"text":55385},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":55387},[55388,55390,55392,55394],{"id":55273,"depth":115,"text":55389},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55282,"depth":115,"text":55391},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55294,"depth":115,"text":55393},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55309,"depth":115,"text":55395},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54152,"description":55397},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55404,"title":55405,"body":55406,"description":57091,"extension":1981,"meta":57092,"navigation":111,"path":57093,"seo":57094,"stem":57095,"__hash__":57096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55407,"toc":57059},[55408,55413,55419,55427,55429,55518,55525,55530,55534,55548,55550,55627,55629,55690,55693,55695,55697,55718,55721,55735,55738,55783,55785,55793,55796,55802,55808,55811,55888,55890,55935,55938,55943,56026,56028,56069,56074,56078,56084,56086,56094,56097,56190,56192,56250,56253,56269,56274,56284,56289,56291,56296,56301,56304,56306,56363,56366,56419,56425,56430,56434,56451,56453,56537,56539,56580,56588,56590,56595,56601,56603,56666,56671,56741,56745,56780,56783,56785,56824,56828,56904,56910,56916,56921,56943,56946,56965,56973,56975,56981,56984,56991,56999,57004,57007,57011,57017,57025,57028,57030,57056],[10,55409,54158,55411,18],{"id":55410},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55412,12787],{},[20,55414,55415,55418],{},[15,55416,55417],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55420,55421,55422,14059,55424,55426],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55423,61],{},[997,55425,1262],{}," make a real copy.",[219,55428,2022],{"id":2021},[41,55430,55432],{"className":43,"code":55431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55433,55434,55454,55469,55473,55488,55492,55505],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55435,55436,55438,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55437,3647],{"class":56},[50,55439,61],{"class":60},[50,55441,3652],{"class":64},[50,55443,3011],{"class":101},[50,55445,89],{"class":64},[50,55447,3016],{"class":101},[50,55449,89],{"class":64},[50,55451,2473],{"class":101},[50,55453,788],{"class":64},[50,55455,55456,55459,55461,55463,55465,55467],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55457,55458],{"class":56},"new_numbers ",[50,55460,61],{"class":60},[50,55462,4287],{"class":56},[50,55464,129],{"class":64},[50,55466,12920],{"class":125},[50,55468,8671],{"class":64},[50,55470,55471],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55472,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55474,55475,55478,55480,55482,55484,55486],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55476,55477],{"class":56},"new_numbers",[50,55479,129],{"class":64},[50,55481,13561],{"class":125},[50,55483,122],{"class":64},[50,55485,2527],{"class":101},[50,55487,414],{"class":64},[50,55489,55490],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,55491,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55493,55494,55496,55498,55500,55502],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,55495,119],{"class":118},[50,55497,122],{"class":64},[50,55499,3678],{"class":125},[50,55501,1206],{"class":64},[50,55503,55504],{"class":146},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[50,55506,55507,55509,55511,55513,55515],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,55508,119],{"class":118},[50,55510,122],{"class":64},[50,55512,55477],{"class":125},[50,55514,1206],{"class":64},[50,55516,55517],{"class":146},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55519,212,55520,55522,55523,129],{},[15,55521,55417],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[997,55524,12861],{},[219,55526,222,55528,225],{"id":55527},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55529,55417],{},[20,55531,55532,78],{},[15,55533,55417],{},[233,55535,55536,55539,55542,55545],{},[236,55537,55538],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[236,55540,55541],{},"Returns that new list",[236,55543,55544],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[236,55546,55547],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55549,253],{},[41,55551,55553],{"className":43,"code":55552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55554,55555,55587,55602,55606,55616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55556,55557,55559,55561,55563,55565,55567,55569,55571,55573,55575,55577,55579,55581,55583,55585],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55558,36046],{"class":56},[50,55560,61],{"class":60},[50,55562,3652],{"class":64},[50,55564,69],{"class":68},[50,55566,4102],{"class":72},[50,55568,69],{"class":68},[50,55570,89],{"class":64},[50,55572,81],{"class":68},[50,55574,4111],{"class":72},[50,55576,69],{"class":68},[50,55578,89],{"class":64},[50,55580,81],{"class":68},[50,55582,33024],{"class":72},[50,55584,69],{"class":68},[50,55586,788],{"class":64},[50,55588,55589,55592,55594,55596,55598,55600],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55590,55591],{"class":56},"copied_fruits ",[50,55593,61],{"class":60},[50,55595,52667],{"class":56},[50,55597,129],{"class":64},[50,55599,12920],{"class":125},[50,55601,8671],{"class":64},[50,55603,55604],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55605,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55607,55608,55610,55612,55614],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55609,119],{"class":118},[50,55611,122],{"class":64},[50,55613,36098],{"class":125},[50,55615,414],{"class":64},[50,55617,55618,55620,55622,55625],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,55619,119],{"class":118},[50,55621,122],{"class":64},[50,55623,55624],{"class":125},"copied_fruits",[50,55626,414],{"class":64},[20,55628,2091],{},[41,55630,55632],{"className":43,"code":55631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55633,55634,55662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55635,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652,55654,55656,55658,55660],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55637,779],{"class":64},[50,55639,1736],{"class":68},[50,55641,4102],{"class":72},[50,55643,1736],{"class":68},[50,55645,89],{"class":64},[50,55647,3321],{"class":68},[50,55649,4111],{"class":72},[50,55651,1736],{"class":68},[50,55653,89],{"class":64},[50,55655,3321],{"class":68},[50,55657,33024],{"class":72},[50,55659,1736],{"class":68},[50,55661,788],{"class":64},[50,55663,55664,55666,55668,55670,55672,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55665,779],{"class":64},[50,55667,1736],{"class":68},[50,55669,4102],{"class":72},[50,55671,1736],{"class":68},[50,55673,89],{"class":64},[50,55675,3321],{"class":68},[50,55677,4111],{"class":72},[50,55679,1736],{"class":68},[50,55681,89],{"class":64},[50,55683,3321],{"class":68},[50,55685,33024],{"class":72},[50,55687,1736],{"class":68},[50,55689,788],{"class":64},[20,55691,55692],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[219,55694,387],{"id":386},[20,55696,2180],{},[41,55698,55700],{"className":43,"code":55699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55701,55702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55703,55704,55707,55709,55712,55714,55716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55705,55706],{"class":56},"new_list ",[50,55708,61],{"class":60},[50,55710,55711],{"class":56}," old_list",[50,55713,129],{"class":64},[50,55715,12920],{"class":125},[50,55717,8671],{"class":64},[20,55719,55720],{},"How it works:",[233,55722,55723,55729,55732],{},[236,55724,55725,55726,55728],{},"Call ",[15,55727,12787],{}," on an existing list",[236,55730,55731],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[236,55733,55734],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55736,55737],{},"Example with an empty list:",[41,55739,55741],{"className":43,"code":55740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55742,55743,55752,55768,55772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55744,55745,55748,55750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55746,55747],{"class":56},"empty_list ",[50,55749,61],{"class":60},[50,55751,7865],{"class":64},[50,55753,55754,55757,55759,55762,55764,55766],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55755,55756],{"class":56},"new_empty_list ",[50,55758,61],{"class":60},[50,55760,55761],{"class":56}," empty_list",[50,55763,129],{"class":64},[50,55765,12920],{"class":125},[50,55767,8671],{"class":64},[50,55769,55770],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55771,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55773,55774,55776,55778,55781],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55775,119],{"class":118},[50,55777,122],{"class":64},[50,55779,55780],{"class":125},"new_empty_list",[50,55782,414],{"class":64},[20,55784,2091],{},[41,55786,55787],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,55788,55789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55790,55791],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55792,38106],{"class":64},[20,55794,55795],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[219,55797,55799,55800],{"id":55798},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55801,61],{},[20,55803,8444,55804,14059,55806,52483],{},[15,55805,61],{},[997,55807,1262],{},[20,55809,55810],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[41,55812,55814],{"className":43,"code":55813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55815,55816,55836,55845,55849,55864,55868,55878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55817,55818,55820,55822,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55819,3647],{"class":56},[50,55821,61],{"class":60},[50,55823,3652],{"class":64},[50,55825,3011],{"class":101},[50,55827,89],{"class":64},[50,55829,3016],{"class":101},[50,55831,89],{"class":64},[50,55833,2473],{"class":101},[50,55835,788],{"class":64},[50,55837,55838,55841,55843],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55839,55840],{"class":56},"same_list ",[50,55842,61],{"class":60},[50,55844,43794],{"class":56},[50,55846,55847],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55848,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55850,55851,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55852,55853],{"class":56},"same_list",[50,55855,129],{"class":64},[50,55857,13561],{"class":125},[50,55859,122],{"class":64},[50,55861,2527],{"class":101},[50,55863,414],{"class":64},[50,55865,55866],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,55867,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55869,55870,55872,55874,55876],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,55871,119],{"class":118},[50,55873,122],{"class":64},[50,55875,3678],{"class":125},[50,55877,414],{"class":64},[50,55879,55880,55882,55884,55886],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,55881,119],{"class":118},[50,55883,122],{"class":64},[50,55885,55853],{"class":125},[50,55887,414],{"class":64},[20,55889,2091],{},[41,55891,55893],{"className":43,"code":55892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55894,55895,55915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55896,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55898,779],{"class":64},[50,55900,3011],{"class":101},[50,55902,89],{"class":64},[50,55904,3016],{"class":101},[50,55906,89],{"class":64},[50,55908,2473],{"class":101},[50,55910,89],{"class":64},[50,55912,2479],{"class":101},[50,55914,788],{"class":64},[50,55916,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55918,779],{"class":64},[50,55920,3011],{"class":101},[50,55922,89],{"class":64},[50,55924,3016],{"class":101},[50,55926,89],{"class":64},[50,55928,2473],{"class":101},[50,55930,89],{"class":64},[50,55932,2479],{"class":101},[50,55934,788],{"class":64},[20,55936,55937],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55939,55940,55941,78],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55942,12787],{},[41,55944,55946],{"className":43,"code":55945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55947,55948,55968,55983,55987,56002,56006,56016],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55949,55950,55952,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964,55966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55951,3647],{"class":56},[50,55953,61],{"class":60},[50,55955,3652],{"class":64},[50,55957,3011],{"class":101},[50,55959,89],{"class":64},[50,55961,3016],{"class":101},[50,55963,89],{"class":64},[50,55965,2473],{"class":101},[50,55967,788],{"class":64},[50,55969,55970,55973,55975,55977,55979,55981],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55971,55972],{"class":56},"copied_numbers ",[50,55974,61],{"class":60},[50,55976,4287],{"class":56},[50,55978,129],{"class":64},[50,55980,12920],{"class":125},[50,55982,8671],{"class":64},[50,55984,55985],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55986,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55988,55989,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,55990,55991],{"class":56},"copied_numbers",[50,55993,129],{"class":64},[50,55995,13561],{"class":125},[50,55997,122],{"class":64},[50,55999,2527],{"class":101},[50,56001,414],{"class":64},[50,56003,56004],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,56005,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56007,56008,56010,56012,56014],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,56009,119],{"class":118},[50,56011,122],{"class":64},[50,56013,3678],{"class":125},[50,56015,414],{"class":64},[50,56017,56018,56020,56022,56024],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,56019,119],{"class":118},[50,56021,122],{"class":64},[50,56023,55991],{"class":125},[50,56025,414],{"class":64},[20,56027,2091],{},[41,56029,56031],{"className":43,"code":56030,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56032,56033,56049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56034,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56036,779],{"class":64},[50,56038,3011],{"class":101},[50,56040,89],{"class":64},[50,56042,3016],{"class":101},[50,56044,89],{"class":64},[50,56046,2473],{"class":101},[50,56048,788],{"class":64},[50,56050,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56052,779],{"class":64},[50,56054,3011],{"class":101},[50,56056,89],{"class":64},[50,56058,3016],{"class":101},[50,56060,89],{"class":64},[50,56062,2473],{"class":101},[50,56064,89],{"class":64},[50,56066,2479],{"class":101},[50,56068,788],{"class":64},[20,56070,56071,56072,129],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[380,56073,52587],{"href":50794},[219,56075,56077],{"id":56076},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56079,56080,12858,56082,129],{},[15,56081,55417],{},[997,56083,12861],{},[20,56085,2128],{},[233,56087,56088,56091],{},[236,56089,56090],{},"The outer list is new",[236,56092,56093],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56095,56096],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[41,56098,56100],{"className":43,"code":56099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56101,56102,56129,56143,56147,56166,56170,56180],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56103,56104,56106,56108,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56105,12099],{"class":56},[50,56107,61],{"class":60},[50,56109,56110],{"class":64}," [[",[50,56112,3011],{"class":101},[50,56114,89],{"class":64},[50,56116,3016],{"class":101},[50,56118,18055],{"class":64},[50,56120,3652],{"class":64},[50,56122,2082],{"class":101},[50,56124,89],{"class":64},[50,56126,2479],{"class":101},[50,56128,53058],{"class":64},[50,56130,56131,56133,56135,56137,56139,56141],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56132,14317],{"class":56},[50,56134,61],{"class":60},[50,56136,12174],{"class":56},[50,56138,129],{"class":64},[50,56140,12920],{"class":125},[50,56142,8671],{"class":64},[50,56144,56145],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56146,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56148,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56164],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,56150,14336],{"class":56},[50,56152,779],{"class":64},[50,56154,1215],{"class":101},[50,56156,13558],{"class":64},[50,56158,13561],{"class":125},[50,56160,122],{"class":64},[50,56162,56163],{"class":101},"99",[50,56165,414],{"class":64},[50,56167,56168],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,56169,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56171,56172,56174,56176,56178],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,56173,119],{"class":118},[50,56175,122],{"class":64},[50,56177,12146],{"class":125},[50,56179,414],{"class":64},[50,56181,56182,56184,56186,56188],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,56183,119],{"class":118},[50,56185,122],{"class":64},[50,56187,14336],{"class":125},[50,56189,414],{"class":64},[20,56191,2091],{},[41,56193,56195],{"className":43,"code":56194,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56196,56197,56224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56198,56199,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56200,56201],{"class":64},"[[",[50,56203,3011],{"class":101},[50,56205,89],{"class":64},[50,56207,3016],{"class":101},[50,56209,89],{"class":64},[50,56211,10221],{"class":101},[50,56213,18055],{"class":64},[50,56215,3652],{"class":64},[50,56217,2082],{"class":101},[50,56219,89],{"class":64},[50,56221,2479],{"class":101},[50,56223,53058],{"class":64},[50,56225,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244,56246,56248],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56227,56201],{"class":64},[50,56229,3011],{"class":101},[50,56231,89],{"class":64},[50,56233,3016],{"class":101},[50,56235,89],{"class":64},[50,56237,10221],{"class":101},[50,56239,18055],{"class":64},[50,56241,3652],{"class":64},[50,56243,2082],{"class":101},[50,56245,89],{"class":64},[50,56247,2479],{"class":101},[50,56249,53058],{"class":64},[20,56251,56252],{},"Why did both change?",[233,56254,56255,56262],{},[236,56256,56257,1846,56259,56261],{},[15,56258,12146],{},[15,56260,14336],{}," are different outer lists",[236,56263,56264,56265,56268],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56266,56267],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56270,53469,56271,56273],{},[15,56272,12787],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[233,56275,56276,56279,56282],{},[236,56277,56278],{},"Numbers",[236,56280,56281],{},"Strings",[236,56283,40405],{},[20,56285,56286,56287,129],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[380,56288,13798],{"href":13797},[219,56290,17411],{"id":17410},[20,56292,56293,56295],{},[15,56294,55417],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56297,40716,56298,56300],{},[997,56299,1262],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56302,56303],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56305,16655],{},[41,56307,56309],{"className":43,"code":56308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56310,56311,56335,56349,56353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56312,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56314,13084],{"class":56},[50,56316,61],{"class":60},[50,56318,3652],{"class":64},[50,56320,69],{"class":68},[50,56322,13101],{"class":72},[50,56324,69],{"class":68},[50,56326,89],{"class":64},[50,56328,81],{"class":68},[50,56330,13118],{"class":72},[50,56332,69],{"class":68},[50,56334,788],{"class":64},[50,56336,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56338,13127],{"class":56},[50,56340,61],{"class":60},[50,56342,13132],{"class":56},[50,56344,129],{"class":64},[50,56346,12920],{"class":125},[50,56348,8671],{"class":64},[50,56350,56351],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56352,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56354,56355,56357,56359,56361],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,56356,119],{"class":118},[50,56358,122],{"class":64},[50,56360,13151],{"class":125},[50,56362,414],{"class":64},[20,56364,56365],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[41,56367,56369],{"className":43,"code":56368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56370,56371,56395,56405,56409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56372,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56374,13084],{"class":56},[50,56376,61],{"class":60},[50,56378,3652],{"class":64},[50,56380,69],{"class":68},[50,56382,13101],{"class":72},[50,56384,69],{"class":68},[50,56386,89],{"class":64},[50,56388,81],{"class":68},[50,56390,13118],{"class":72},[50,56392,69],{"class":68},[50,56394,788],{"class":64},[50,56396,56397,56399,56401,56403],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56398,17495],{"class":56},[50,56400,129],{"class":64},[50,56402,12920],{"class":125},[50,56404,8671],{"class":64},[50,56406,56407],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56408,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56410,56411,56413,56415,56417],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,56412,119],{"class":118},[50,56414,122],{"class":64},[50,56416,17495],{"class":125},[50,56418,414],{"class":64},[20,56420,56421,56422,56424],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56423,12787],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[219,56426,582,56428],{"id":56427},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56429,55417],{},[20,56431,212,56432,589],{},[15,56433,55417],{},[233,56435,56436,56439,56442,56445],{},[236,56437,56438],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[236,56440,56441],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[236,56443,56444],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[236,56446,56447,56448],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56449,56450],{},"[:]",[20,56452,253],{},[41,56454,56456],{"className":43,"code":56455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56457,56458,56478,56493,56497,56512,56516,56526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56459,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56461,1128],{"class":56},[50,56463,61],{"class":60},[50,56465,3652],{"class":64},[50,56467,2352],{"class":101},[50,56469,89],{"class":64},[50,56471,7816],{"class":101},[50,56473,89],{"class":64},[50,56475,7821],{"class":101},[50,56477,788],{"class":64},[50,56479,56480,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56481,56482],{"class":56},"backup_scores ",[50,56484,61],{"class":60},[50,56486,1174],{"class":56},[50,56488,129],{"class":64},[50,56490,12920],{"class":125},[50,56492,8671],{"class":64},[50,56494,56495],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56496,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56498,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56510],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,56500,16390],{"class":56},[50,56502,129],{"class":64},[50,56504,13561],{"class":125},[50,56506,122],{"class":64},[50,56508,56509],{"class":101},"40",[50,56511,414],{"class":64},[50,56513,56514],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,56515,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56517,56518,56520,56522,56524],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,56519,119],{"class":118},[50,56521,122],{"class":64},[50,56523,16390],{"class":125},[50,56525,414],{"class":64},[50,56527,56528,56530,56532,56535],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,56529,119],{"class":118},[50,56531,122],{"class":64},[50,56533,56534],{"class":125},"backup_scores",[50,56536,414],{"class":64},[20,56538,2091],{},[41,56540,56542],{"className":43,"code":56541,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56543,56544,56564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56545,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56547,779],{"class":64},[50,56549,2352],{"class":101},[50,56551,89],{"class":64},[50,56553,7816],{"class":101},[50,56555,89],{"class":64},[50,56557,7821],{"class":101},[50,56559,89],{"class":64},[50,56561,50658],{"class":101},[50,56563,788],{"class":64},[50,56565,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56567,779],{"class":64},[50,56569,2352],{"class":101},[50,56571,89],{"class":64},[50,56573,7816],{"class":101},[50,56575,89],{"class":64},[50,56577,7821],{"class":101},[50,56579,788],{"class":64},[20,56581,56582,56583,129],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[380,56584,55336,56586,1845],{"href":56585},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56587,52468],{},[219,56589,4543],{"id":4542},[20,56591,56592,56593,129],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56594,55417],{},[811,56596,8444,56598,56600],{"id":56597},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56599,61],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56602,39008],{},[41,56604,56606],{"className":43,"code":56605,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56607,56608,56628,56636,56650,56654],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56609,56610,56612,56614,56616,56618,56620,56622,56624,56626],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56611,2577],{"class":56},[50,56613,61],{"class":60},[50,56615,3652],{"class":64},[50,56617,3011],{"class":101},[50,56619,89],{"class":64},[50,56621,3016],{"class":101},[50,56623,89],{"class":64},[50,56625,2473],{"class":101},[50,56627,788],{"class":64},[50,56629,56630,56632,56634],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56631,2605],{"class":56},[50,56633,61],{"class":60},[50,56635,35982],{"class":56},[50,56637,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56639,4784],{"class":56},[50,56641,129],{"class":64},[50,56643,13561],{"class":125},[50,56645,122],{"class":64},[50,56647,2527],{"class":101},[50,56649,414],{"class":64},[50,56651,56652],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,56653,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56655,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,56657,119],{"class":118},[50,56659,122],{"class":64},[50,56661,380],{"class":125},[50,56663,1206],{"class":64},[50,56665,55517],{"class":146},[20,56667,56668,56669,6656],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56670,12787],{},[41,56672,56674],{"className":43,"code":56673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56675,56676,56696,56711,56725,56729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56677,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56679,2577],{"class":56},[50,56681,61],{"class":60},[50,56683,3652],{"class":64},[50,56685,3011],{"class":101},[50,56687,89],{"class":64},[50,56689,3016],{"class":101},[50,56691,89],{"class":64},[50,56693,2473],{"class":101},[50,56695,788],{"class":64},[50,56697,56698,56700,56702,56705,56707,56709],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56699,2605],{"class":56},[50,56701,61],{"class":60},[50,56703,56704],{"class":56}," a",[50,56706,129],{"class":64},[50,56708,12920],{"class":125},[50,56710,8671],{"class":64},[50,56712,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56714,4784],{"class":56},[50,56716,129],{"class":64},[50,56718,13561],{"class":125},[50,56720,122],{"class":64},[50,56722,2527],{"class":101},[50,56724,414],{"class":64},[50,56726,56727],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,56728,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56730,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,56732,119],{"class":118},[50,56734,122],{"class":64},[50,56736,380],{"class":125},[50,56738,1206],{"class":64},[50,56740,54748],{"class":146},[811,56742,56744],{"id":56743},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[41,56746,56748],{"className":43,"code":56747,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56749,56750,56770],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56751,56752,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764,56766,56768],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56753,3647],{"class":56},[50,56755,61],{"class":60},[50,56757,3652],{"class":64},[50,56759,3011],{"class":101},[50,56761,89],{"class":64},[50,56763,3016],{"class":101},[50,56765,89],{"class":64},[50,56767,2473],{"class":101},[50,56769,788],{"class":64},[50,56771,56772,56774,56776,56778],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56773,3678],{"class":56},[50,56775,129],{"class":64},[50,56777,12920],{"class":125},[50,56779,8671],{"class":64},[20,56781,56782],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56784,39071],{},[41,56786,56788],{"className":43,"code":56787,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56789,56790,56810],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56791,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56793,3647],{"class":56},[50,56795,61],{"class":60},[50,56797,3652],{"class":64},[50,56799,3011],{"class":101},[50,56801,89],{"class":64},[50,56803,3016],{"class":101},[50,56805,89],{"class":64},[50,56807,2473],{"class":101},[50,56809,788],{"class":64},[50,56811,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56813,55972],{"class":56},[50,56815,61],{"class":60},[50,56817,4287],{"class":56},[50,56819,129],{"class":64},[50,56821,12920],{"class":125},[50,56823,8671],{"class":64},[811,56825,56827],{"id":56826},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[41,56829,56831],{"className":43,"code":56830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56832,56833,56851,56865,56869,56887,56891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56834,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56836,2577],{"class":56},[50,56838,61],{"class":60},[50,56840,56110],{"class":64},[50,56842,3011],{"class":101},[50,56844,18055],{"class":64},[50,56846,3652],{"class":64},[50,56848,2076],{"class":101},[50,56850,53058],{"class":64},[50,56852,56853,56855,56857,56859,56861,56863],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56854,2605],{"class":56},[50,56856,61],{"class":60},[50,56858,56704],{"class":56},[50,56860,129],{"class":64},[50,56862,12920],{"class":125},[50,56864,8671],{"class":64},[50,56866,56867],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56868,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56870,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,56872,4784],{"class":56},[50,56874,779],{"class":64},[50,56876,1215],{"class":101},[50,56878,13558],{"class":64},[50,56880,13561],{"class":125},[50,56882,122],{"class":64},[50,56884,56163],{"class":101},[50,56886,414],{"class":64},[50,56888,56889],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,56890,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56892,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,56894,119],{"class":118},[50,56896,122],{"class":64},[50,56898,380],{"class":125},[50,56900,1206],{"class":64},[50,56902,56903],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56905,56906,56907,56909],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56908,55417],{}," is shallow.",[811,56911,25416,56913,56915],{"id":56912},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56914,12787],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56917,56918,56920],{},[15,56919,12787],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[41,56922,56924],{"className":43,"code":56923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56925,56926,56938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56927,56928,56930,56932,56934,56936],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56929,7903],{"class":56},[50,56931,61],{"class":60},[50,56933,81],{"class":68},[50,56935,5027],{"class":72},[50,56937,3384],{"class":68},[50,56939,56940],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56941,56942],{"class":146},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56944,56945],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[41,56947,56949],{"className":43,"code":56948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56950,56951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56952,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56954,119],{"class":118},[50,56956,122],{"class":64},[50,56958,1780],{"class":1779},[50,56960,122],{"class":64},[50,56962,73],{"class":125},[50,56964,1770],{"class":64},[20,56966,56967,56968,56972],{},"You can also review ",[380,56969,56971],{"href":56970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[219,56974,1857],{"id":1856},[811,56976,1861,56978,56980],{"id":56977},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56979,55417],{}," change the original list?",[20,56982,56983],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[811,56985,5202,56987,1846,56989,1867],{"id":56986},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56988,55417],{},[15,56990,61],{},[20,56992,56993,56995,56996,56998],{},[15,56994,12787],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56997,61],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[811,57000,14907,57002,14910],{"id":57001},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57003,55417],{},[20,57005,57006],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[811,57008,57010],{"id":57009},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57012,41963,57013,57016],{},[15,57014,57015],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[811,57018,14907,57020,57022,57023,1867],{"id":57019},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57021,55417],{}," the same as ",[15,57024,56450],{},[20,57026,57027],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[219,57029,1909],{"id":1908},[233,57031,57032,57037,57041,57046,57052],{},[236,57033,57034],{},[380,57035,14969],{"href":57036},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[236,57038,57039],{},[380,57040,52587],{"href":50794},[236,57042,57043],{},[380,57044,57045],{"href":56970},"Creating a list in Python",[236,57047,57048],{},[380,57049,55336,57050,1845],{"href":56585},[15,57051,52468],{},[236,57053,57054],{},[380,57055,13798],{"href":13797},[1944,57057,57058],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":57060},[57061,57062,57064,57065,57067,57068,57069,57071,57079,57090],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":55527,"depth":108,"text":57063},"What list.copy() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":55798,"depth":108,"text":57066},"Why not use =",{"id":56076,"depth":108,"text":56077},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":56427,"depth":108,"text":57070},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":57072},[57073,57075,57076,57077],{"id":56597,"depth":115,"text":57074},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56743,"depth":115,"text":56744},{"id":56826,"depth":115,"text":56827},{"id":56912,"depth":115,"text":57078},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":57080},[57081,57083,57085,57087,57088],{"id":56977,"depth":115,"text":57082},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56986,"depth":115,"text":57084},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57001,"depth":115,"text":57086},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57009,"depth":115,"text":57010},{"id":57019,"depth":115,"text":57089},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55405,"description":57091},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57098,"title":57099,"body":57100,"description":58842,"extension":1981,"meta":58843,"navigation":111,"path":58844,"seo":58845,"stem":58846,"__hash__":58847},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57101,"toc":58801},[57102,57108,57114,57117,57128,57131,57133,57196,57202,57207,57211,57225,57228,57233,57238,57240,57242,57261,57273,57275,57342,57344,57352,57357,57359,57367,57370,57387,57389,57513,57524,57528,57533,57536,57538,57556,57560,57646,57655,57663,57732,57734,57737,57749,57754,57758,57829,57832,57836,57840,57905,57907,57915,57919,58002,58004,58012,58016,58077,58079,58087,58091,58178,58180,58188,58193,58198,58201,58212,58214,58299,58304,58313,58315,58319,58323,58328,58390,58394,58402,58408,58417,58422,58471,58474,58495,58499,58561,58568,58573,58576,58663,58666,58677,58680,58700,58702,58708,58711,58715,58719,58725,58728,58734,58741,58749,58760,58762,58798],[10,57103,54158,57105,18],{"id":57104},"python-list-count-method",[15,57106,57107],{},"count()",[20,57109,57110,57113],{},[15,57111,57112],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57115,57116],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[233,57118,57119,57122,57125],{},[236,57120,57121],{},"count one specific item",[236,57123,57124],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[236,57126,57127],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57129,57130],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[219,57132,3637],{"id":3636},[41,57134,57136],{"className":43,"code":57135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57137,57138,57166,57184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57139,57140,57142,57144,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57141,3647],{"class":56},[50,57143,61],{"class":60},[50,57145,3652],{"class":64},[50,57147,3011],{"class":101},[50,57149,89],{"class":64},[50,57151,3016],{"class":101},[50,57153,89],{"class":64},[50,57155,3016],{"class":101},[50,57157,89],{"class":64},[50,57159,2473],{"class":101},[50,57161,89],{"class":64},[50,57163,3016],{"class":101},[50,57165,788],{"class":64},[50,57167,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57169,2250],{"class":56},[50,57171,61],{"class":60},[50,57173,4287],{"class":56},[50,57175,129],{"class":64},[50,57177,41070],{"class":125},[50,57179,122],{"class":64},[50,57181,2076],{"class":101},[50,57183,414],{"class":64},[50,57185,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57187,119],{"class":118},[50,57189,122],{"class":64},[50,57191,2285],{"class":125},[50,57193,1206],{"class":64},[50,57195,50585],{"class":146},[20,57197,212,57198,57201],{},[15,57199,57200],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[219,57203,222,57205,225],{"id":57204},"what-listcount-does",[15,57206,57112],{},[20,57208,57209,78],{},[15,57210,57112],{},[233,57212,57213,57216,57219,57222],{},[236,57214,57215],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[236,57217,57218],{},"returns an integer",[236,57220,57221],{},"does not change the original list",[236,57223,57224],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57226,57227],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57229,57230,57231,129],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57232,2082],{},[20,57234,57235,57236,129],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57237,1215],{},[219,57239,387],{"id":386},[20,57241,2180],{},[41,57243,57245],{"className":43,"code":57244,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57246,57247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57248,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57250,8365],{"class":56},[50,57252,129],{"class":64},[50,57254,41070],{"class":125},[50,57256,122],{"class":64},[50,57258,2495],{"class":125},[50,57260,414],{"class":64},[233,57262,57263,57268],{},[236,57264,57265,57267],{},[15,57266,8365],{}," is the list you want to search",[236,57269,57270,57272],{},[15,57271,2495],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57274,253],{},[41,57276,57278],{"className":43,"code":57277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57279,57280,57320],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57281,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57283,35897],{"class":56},[50,57285,61],{"class":60},[50,57287,3652],{"class":64},[50,57289,69],{"class":68},[50,57291,380],{"class":72},[50,57293,69],{"class":68},[50,57295,89],{"class":64},[50,57297,81],{"class":68},[50,57299,4784],{"class":72},[50,57301,69],{"class":68},[50,57303,89],{"class":64},[50,57305,81],{"class":68},[50,57307,380],{"class":72},[50,57309,69],{"class":68},[50,57311,89],{"class":64},[50,57313,81],{"class":68},[50,57315,9763],{"class":72},[50,57317,69],{"class":68},[50,57319,788],{"class":64},[50,57321,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57323,119],{"class":118},[50,57325,122],{"class":64},[50,57327,35950],{"class":125},[50,57329,129],{"class":64},[50,57331,41070],{"class":125},[50,57333,122],{"class":64},[50,57335,69],{"class":68},[50,57337,380],{"class":72},[50,57339,69],{"class":68},[50,57341,1770],{"class":64},[20,57343,2091],{},[41,57345,57346],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,57347,57348],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57349,57350],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57351,17055],{"class":101},[20,57353,57354,57355,129],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57356,1215],{},[219,57358,37829],{"id":37828},[20,57360,57361,57362,57364,57365,129],{},"The return value from ",[15,57363,57107],{}," is always an ",[15,57366,2209],{},[20,57368,57369],{},"Possible results:",[233,57371,57372,57377,57382],{},[236,57373,57374,57376],{},[15,57375,1215],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[236,57378,57379,57381],{},[15,57380,3011],{}," if it appears once",[236,57383,57384,57386],{},[15,57385,2076],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57388,253],{},[41,57390,57392],{"className":43,"code":57391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57393,57394,57434,57438,57463,57488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57395,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57397,13084],{"class":56},[50,57399,61],{"class":60},[50,57401,3652],{"class":64},[50,57403,69],{"class":68},[50,57405,13101],{"class":72},[50,57407,69],{"class":68},[50,57409,89],{"class":64},[50,57411,81],{"class":68},[50,57413,13118],{"class":72},[50,57415,69],{"class":68},[50,57417,89],{"class":64},[50,57419,81],{"class":68},[50,57421,17448],{"class":72},[50,57423,69],{"class":68},[50,57425,89],{"class":64},[50,57427,81],{"class":68},[50,57429,13118],{"class":72},[50,57431,69],{"class":68},[50,57433,788],{"class":64},[50,57435,57436],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57437,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,57439,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57441,119],{"class":118},[50,57443,122],{"class":64},[50,57445,17495],{"class":125},[50,57447,129],{"class":64},[50,57449,41070],{"class":125},[50,57451,122],{"class":64},[50,57453,69],{"class":68},[50,57455,13118],{"class":72},[50,57457,69],{"class":68},[50,57459,143],{"class":64},[50,57461,57462],{"class":146},"   # 2\n",[50,57464,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,57466,119],{"class":118},[50,57468,122],{"class":64},[50,57470,17495],{"class":125},[50,57472,129],{"class":64},[50,57474,41070],{"class":125},[50,57476,122],{"class":64},[50,57478,69],{"class":68},[50,57480,13101],{"class":72},[50,57482,69],{"class":68},[50,57484,143],{"class":64},[50,57486,57487],{"class":146},"    # 1\n",[50,57489,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,57491,119],{"class":118},[50,57493,122],{"class":64},[50,57495,17495],{"class":125},[50,57497,129],{"class":64},[50,57499,41070],{"class":125},[50,57501,122],{"class":64},[50,57503,69],{"class":68},[50,57505,22322],{"class":72},[50,57507,69],{"class":68},[50,57509,143],{"class":64},[50,57511,57512],{"class":146}," # 0\n",[20,57514,57515,57516,57518,57519,57521,57522,129],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57517,57107],{}," works, but using ",[15,57520,1562],{}," is often simpler. See ",[380,57523,6222],{"href":6221},[219,57525,57527],{"id":57526},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57529,57530,57532],{},[15,57531,57112],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57534,57535],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57537,43462],{},[233,57539,57540,57543,57546,57553],{},[236,57541,57542],{},"matches are based on equality",[236,57544,57545],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[236,57547,57548,1846,57550,57552],{},[15,57549,3011],{},[15,57551,3632],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[236,57554,57555],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[811,57557,57559],{"id":57558},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[41,57561,57563],{"className":43,"code":57562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57564,57565,57598,57622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57566,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57568,4093],{"class":56},[50,57570,61],{"class":60},[50,57572,3652],{"class":64},[50,57574,69],{"class":68},[50,57576,4102],{"class":72},[50,57578,69],{"class":68},[50,57580,89],{"class":64},[50,57582,81],{"class":68},[50,57584,57585],{"class":72},"Apple",[50,57587,69],{"class":68},[50,57589,89],{"class":64},[50,57591,81],{"class":68},[50,57593,4102],{"class":72},[50,57595,69],{"class":68},[50,57597,788],{"class":64},[50,57599,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57601,119],{"class":118},[50,57603,122],{"class":64},[50,57605,4137],{"class":125},[50,57607,129],{"class":64},[50,57609,41070],{"class":125},[50,57611,122],{"class":64},[50,57613,69],{"class":68},[50,57615,4102],{"class":72},[50,57617,69],{"class":68},[50,57619,143],{"class":64},[50,57621,51230],{"class":146},[50,57623,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57625,119],{"class":118},[50,57627,122],{"class":64},[50,57629,4137],{"class":125},[50,57631,129],{"class":64},[50,57633,41070],{"class":125},[50,57635,122],{"class":64},[50,57637,69],{"class":68},[50,57639,57585],{"class":72},[50,57641,69],{"class":68},[50,57643,143],{"class":64},[50,57645,27580],{"class":146},[20,57647,57648,1846,57651,57654],{},[15,57649,57650],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57652,57653],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[811,57656,57658,1846,57660,57662],{"id":57657},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57659,3011],{},[15,57661,3632],{}," can match",[41,57664,57666],{"className":43,"code":57665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57667,57668,57692,57712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57669,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57671,3848],{"class":56},[50,57673,61],{"class":60},[50,57675,3652],{"class":64},[50,57677,3011],{"class":101},[50,57679,89],{"class":64},[50,57681,3938],{"class":1494},[50,57683,89],{"class":64},[50,57685,3016],{"class":101},[50,57687,89],{"class":64},[50,57689,5521],{"class":101},[50,57691,788],{"class":64},[50,57693,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57695,119],{"class":118},[50,57697,122],{"class":64},[50,57699,5382],{"class":125},[50,57701,129],{"class":64},[50,57703,41070],{"class":125},[50,57705,122],{"class":64},[50,57707,3011],{"class":101},[50,57709,143],{"class":64},[50,57711,50733],{"class":146},[50,57713,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57715,119],{"class":118},[50,57717,122],{"class":64},[50,57719,5382],{"class":125},[50,57721,129],{"class":64},[50,57723,41070],{"class":125},[50,57725,122],{"class":64},[50,57727,3632],{"class":1494},[50,57729,143],{"class":64},[50,57731,50585],{"class":146},[20,57733,4434],{},[20,57735,57736],{},"In Python:",[233,57738,57739,57744],{},[236,57740,57741],{},[15,57742,57743],{},"True == 1",[236,57745,57746],{},[15,57747,57748],{},"False == 0",[20,57750,53469,57751,57753],{},[15,57752,57107],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[811,57755,57757],{"id":57756},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[41,57759,57761],{"className":43,"code":57760,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57762,57763,57805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57764,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57766,7805],{"class":56},[50,57768,61],{"class":60},[50,57770,56110],{"class":64},[50,57772,3011],{"class":101},[50,57774,89],{"class":64},[50,57776,3016],{"class":101},[50,57778,18055],{"class":64},[50,57780,3652],{"class":64},[50,57782,2082],{"class":101},[50,57784,89],{"class":64},[50,57786,2479],{"class":101},[50,57788,18055],{"class":64},[50,57790,3652],{"class":64},[50,57792,3011],{"class":101},[50,57794,89],{"class":64},[50,57796,3016],{"class":101},[50,57798,18055],{"class":64},[50,57800,3652],{"class":64},[50,57802,3011],{"class":101},[50,57804,53058],{"class":64},[50,57806,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57808,119],{"class":118},[50,57810,122],{"class":64},[50,57812,7836],{"class":125},[50,57814,129],{"class":64},[50,57816,41070],{"class":125},[50,57818,3008],{"class":64},[50,57820,3011],{"class":101},[50,57822,89],{"class":64},[50,57824,3016],{"class":101},[50,57826,4758],{"class":64},[50,57828,51230],{"class":146},[20,57830,57831],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[219,57833,57835],{"id":57834},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[811,57837,57839],{"id":57838},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[41,57841,57843],{"className":43,"code":57842,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57844,57845,57873,57891,57895],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57846,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57848,3647],{"class":56},[50,57850,61],{"class":60},[50,57852,3652],{"class":64},[50,57854,2352],{"class":101},[50,57856,89],{"class":64},[50,57858,7816],{"class":101},[50,57860,89],{"class":64},[50,57862,1144],{"class":101},[50,57864,89],{"class":64},[50,57866,7821],{"class":101},[50,57868,89],{"class":64},[50,57870,1144],{"class":101},[50,57872,788],{"class":64},[50,57874,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57876,2250],{"class":56},[50,57878,61],{"class":60},[50,57880,4287],{"class":56},[50,57882,129],{"class":64},[50,57884,41070],{"class":125},[50,57886,122],{"class":64},[50,57888,2352],{"class":101},[50,57890,414],{"class":64},[50,57892,57893],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57894,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,57896,57897,57899,57901,57903],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,57898,119],{"class":118},[50,57900,122],{"class":64},[50,57902,2285],{"class":125},[50,57904,414],{"class":64},[20,57906,2091],{},[41,57908,57909],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,57910,57911],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57912,57913],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57914,46430],{"class":101},[811,57916,57918],{"id":57917},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[41,57920,57922],{"className":43,"code":57921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57923,57924,57966,57988,57992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57925,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57962,57964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57927,4093],{"class":56},[50,57929,61],{"class":60},[50,57931,3652],{"class":64},[50,57933,69],{"class":68},[50,57935,36855],{"class":72},[50,57937,69],{"class":68},[50,57939,89],{"class":64},[50,57941,81],{"class":68},[50,57943,57944],{"class":72},"dog",[50,57946,69],{"class":68},[50,57948,89],{"class":64},[50,57950,81],{"class":68},[50,57952,36855],{"class":72},[50,57954,69],{"class":68},[50,57956,89],{"class":64},[50,57958,81],{"class":68},[50,57960,57961],{"class":72},"bird",[50,57963,69],{"class":68},[50,57965,788],{"class":64},[50,57967,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57969,2250],{"class":56},[50,57971,61],{"class":60},[50,57973,6192],{"class":56},[50,57975,129],{"class":64},[50,57977,41070],{"class":125},[50,57979,122],{"class":64},[50,57981,69],{"class":68},[50,57983,36855],{"class":72},[50,57985,69],{"class":68},[50,57987,414],{"class":64},[50,57989,57990],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57991,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,57993,57994,57996,57998,58000],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,57995,119],{"class":118},[50,57997,122],{"class":64},[50,57999,2285],{"class":125},[50,58001,414],{"class":64},[20,58003,2091],{},[41,58005,58006],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58007,58008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58009,58010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58011,17055],{"class":101},[811,58013,58015],{"id":58014},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[41,58017,58019],{"className":43,"code":58018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58020,58021,58045,58063,58067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58024,3647],{"class":56},[50,58026,61],{"class":60},[50,58028,3652],{"class":64},[50,58030,3011],{"class":101},[50,58032,89],{"class":64},[50,58034,3016],{"class":101},[50,58036,89],{"class":64},[50,58038,2473],{"class":101},[50,58040,89],{"class":64},[50,58042,2479],{"class":101},[50,58044,788],{"class":64},[50,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58048,2250],{"class":56},[50,58050,61],{"class":60},[50,58052,4287],{"class":56},[50,58054,129],{"class":64},[50,58056,41070],{"class":125},[50,58058,122],{"class":64},[50,58060,2157],{"class":101},[50,58062,414],{"class":64},[50,58064,58065],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58066,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58068,58069,58071,58073,58075],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,58070,119],{"class":118},[50,58072,122],{"class":64},[50,58074,2285],{"class":125},[50,58076,414],{"class":64},[20,58078,2091],{},[41,58080,58081],{"className":43,"code":47065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58082,58083],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58084,58085],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58086,47065],{"class":101},[811,58088,58090],{"id":58089},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[41,58092,58094],{"className":43,"code":58093,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58095,58096,58142,58164,58168],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58097,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58099,829],{"class":56},[50,58101,61],{"class":60},[50,58103,56110],{"class":64},[50,58105,3011],{"class":101},[50,58107,89],{"class":64},[50,58109,3016],{"class":101},[50,58111,18055],{"class":64},[50,58113,3652],{"class":64},[50,58115,3011],{"class":101},[50,58117,89],{"class":64},[50,58119,3016],{"class":101},[50,58121,18055],{"class":64},[50,58123,3652],{"class":64},[50,58125,2076],{"class":101},[50,58127,89],{"class":64},[50,58129,2473],{"class":101},[50,58131,18055],{"class":64},[50,58133,3652],{"class":64},[50,58135,3011],{"class":101},[50,58137,89],{"class":64},[50,58139,3016],{"class":101},[50,58141,53058],{"class":64},[50,58143,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58145,2250],{"class":56},[50,58147,61],{"class":60},[50,58149,1626],{"class":56},[50,58151,129],{"class":64},[50,58153,41070],{"class":125},[50,58155,3008],{"class":64},[50,58157,3011],{"class":101},[50,58159,89],{"class":64},[50,58161,3016],{"class":101},[50,58163,3911],{"class":64},[50,58165,58166],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58167,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58169,58170,58172,58174,58176],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,58171,119],{"class":118},[50,58173,122],{"class":64},[50,58175,2285],{"class":125},[50,58177,414],{"class":64},[20,58179,2091],{},[41,58181,58182],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58183,58184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58185,58186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58187,46430],{"class":101},[219,58189,582,58191],{"id":58190},"when-to-use-count",[15,58192,57107],{},[20,58194,212,58195,58197],{},[15,58196,57107],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58199,58200],{},"Good use cases:",[233,58202,58203,58206,58209],{},[236,58204,58205],{},"counting one specific item",[236,58207,58208],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[236,58210,58211],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58213,253],{},[41,58215,58217],{"className":43,"code":58216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58218,58219,58260,58284,58288],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58220,58221,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58222,58223],{"class":56},"votes ",[50,58225,61],{"class":60},[50,58227,3652],{"class":64},[50,58229,69],{"class":68},[50,58231,8686],{"class":72},[50,58233,69],{"class":68},[50,58235,89],{"class":64},[50,58237,81],{"class":68},[50,58239,8625],{"class":72},[50,58241,69],{"class":68},[50,58243,89],{"class":64},[50,58245,81],{"class":68},[50,58247,8686],{"class":72},[50,58249,69],{"class":68},[50,58251,89],{"class":64},[50,58253,81],{"class":68},[50,58255,8686],{"class":72},[50,58257,69],{"class":68},[50,58259,788],{"class":64},[50,58261,58262,58265,58267,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58263,58264],{"class":56},"yes_votes ",[50,58266,61],{"class":60},[50,58268,58269],{"class":56}," votes",[50,58271,129],{"class":64},[50,58273,41070],{"class":125},[50,58275,122],{"class":64},[50,58277,69],{"class":68},[50,58279,8686],{"class":72},[50,58281,69],{"class":68},[50,58283,414],{"class":64},[50,58285,58286],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58287,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58289,58290,58292,58294,58297],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,58291,119],{"class":118},[50,58293,122],{"class":64},[50,58295,58296],{"class":125},"yes_votes",[50,58298,414],{"class":64},[20,58300,58301,58303],{},[15,58302,57107],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58305,58306,58307,1846,58309,129],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[380,58308,52587],{"href":50794},[380,58310,58312],{"href":58311},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[219,58314,1663],{"id":1662},[20,58316,8474,58317,129],{},[15,58318,57112],{},[811,58320,58322],{"id":58321},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58324,58325,58327],{},[15,58326,57112],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[41,58329,58331],{"className":43,"code":58330,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58332,58333,58366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58334,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58336,4093],{"class":56},[50,58338,61],{"class":60},[50,58340,3652],{"class":64},[50,58342,69],{"class":68},[50,58344,58345],{"class":72},"apple pie",[50,58347,69],{"class":68},[50,58349,89],{"class":64},[50,58351,81],{"class":68},[50,58353,4111],{"class":72},[50,58355,69],{"class":68},[50,58357,89],{"class":64},[50,58359,81],{"class":68},[50,58361,58345],{"class":72},[50,58363,69],{"class":68},[50,58365,788],{"class":64},[50,58367,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58369,119],{"class":118},[50,58371,122],{"class":64},[50,58373,4137],{"class":125},[50,58375,129],{"class":64},[50,58377,41070],{"class":125},[50,58379,122],{"class":64},[50,58381,69],{"class":68},[50,58383,4102],{"class":72},[50,58385,69],{"class":68},[50,58387,143],{"class":64},[50,58389,51062],{"class":146},[20,58391,2511,58392,1867],{},[15,58393,1215],{},[20,58395,28862,58396,58398,58399,129],{},[15,58397,57650],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58400,58401],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58403,58404,58405,129],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58406,58407],{},"str.count()",[811,58409,8480,58411,8483,58413,2901,58415],{"id":58410},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58412,57107],{},[15,58414,3632],{},[15,58416,3702],{},[20,58418,58419,58421],{},[15,58420,57107],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[41,58423,58425],{"className":43,"code":58424,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58426,58427,58451],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58428,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58430,3647],{"class":56},[50,58432,61],{"class":60},[50,58434,3652],{"class":64},[50,58436,3011],{"class":101},[50,58438,89],{"class":64},[50,58440,3016],{"class":101},[50,58442,89],{"class":64},[50,58444,3016],{"class":101},[50,58446,89],{"class":64},[50,58448,2473],{"class":101},[50,58450,788],{"class":64},[50,58452,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58454,119],{"class":118},[50,58456,122],{"class":64},[50,58458,3678],{"class":125},[50,58460,129],{"class":64},[50,58462,41070],{"class":125},[50,58464,122],{"class":64},[50,58466,2076],{"class":101},[50,58468,143],{"class":64},[50,58470,51230],{"class":146},[20,58472,58473],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[41,58475,58477],{"className":43,"code":58476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58478,58479],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58480,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58482,119],{"class":118},[50,58484,122],{"class":64},[50,58486,2076],{"class":101},[50,58488,1623],{"class":1622},[50,58490,4287],{"class":125},[50,58492,1206],{"class":64},[50,58494,1631],{"class":146},[811,58496,58498],{"id":58497},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[41,58500,58502],{"className":43,"code":58501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58503,58504,58537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58505,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58533,58535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58507,5018],{"class":56},[50,58509,61],{"class":60},[50,58511,3652],{"class":64},[50,58513,69],{"class":68},[50,58515,7702],{"class":72},[50,58517,69],{"class":68},[50,58519,89],{"class":64},[50,58521,81],{"class":68},[50,58523,636],{"class":72},[50,58525,69],{"class":68},[50,58527,89],{"class":64},[50,58529,81],{"class":68},[50,58531,58532],{"class":72},"SAM",[50,58534,69],{"class":68},[50,58536,788],{"class":64},[50,58538,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58540,119],{"class":118},[50,58542,122],{"class":64},[50,58544,5062],{"class":125},[50,58546,129],{"class":64},[50,58548,41070],{"class":125},[50,58550,122],{"class":64},[50,58552,69],{"class":68},[50,58554,636],{"class":72},[50,58556,69],{"class":68},[50,58558,143],{"class":64},[50,58560,27580],{"class":146},[20,58562,58563,58564,58567],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58565,58566],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[811,58569,29451,58571,33352],{"id":58570},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58572,57107],{},[20,58574,58575],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[41,58577,58579],{"className":43,"code":58578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58580,58581,58591,58605,58623,58637,58649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58582,58583,58585,58587,58589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58584,119],{"class":118},[50,58586,122],{"class":64},[50,58588,8365],{"class":125},[50,58590,414],{"class":64},[50,58592,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58594,119],{"class":118},[50,58596,122],{"class":64},[50,58598,1780],{"class":1779},[50,58600,122],{"class":64},[50,58602,8365],{"class":125},[50,58604,1770],{"class":64},[50,58606,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58608,119],{"class":118},[50,58610,122],{"class":64},[50,58612,8365],{"class":125},[50,58614,129],{"class":64},[50,58616,41070],{"class":125},[50,58618,122],{"class":64},[50,58620,2495],{"class":125},[50,58622,1770],{"class":64},[50,58624,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,58626,119],{"class":118},[50,58628,122],{"class":64},[50,58630,2468],{"class":125},[50,58632,1562],{"class":1622},[50,58634,8422],{"class":125},[50,58636,414],{"class":64},[50,58638,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,58640,5982],{"class":1622},[50,58642,5985],{"class":56},[50,58644,1562],{"class":1622},[50,58646,8422],{"class":56},[50,58648,6417],{"class":64},[50,58650,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,58652,8094],{"class":118},[50,58654,122],{"class":64},[50,58656,41590],{"class":118},[50,58658,122],{"class":64},[50,58660,23109],{"class":125},[50,58662,1770],{"class":64},[20,58664,58665],{},"These checks can help you see:",[233,58667,58668,58671,58674],{},[236,58669,58670],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[236,58672,58673],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[236,58675,58676],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58678,58679],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[233,58681,58682,58687,58690,58697],{},[236,58683,50306,58684,58686],{},[15,58685,57107],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[236,58688,58689],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[236,58691,11126,58692,58694,58695],{},[15,58693,57112],{}," with string ",[15,58696,57107],{},[236,58698,58699],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[219,58701,1857],{"id":1856},[811,58703,1861,58705,58707],{"id":58704},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58706,57112],{}," change the list?",[20,58709,58710],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[811,58712,58714],{"id":58713},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58716,11924,58717,129],{},[15,58718,1215],{},[811,58720,5192,58722,58724],{"id":58721},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58723,57112],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58726,58727],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[811,58729,14907,58731,58733],{"id":58730},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58732,57112],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58735,41963,58736,1846,58738,58740],{},[15,58737,57653],{},[15,58739,57650],{}," are different values.",[811,58742,5180,58744,58746,58747,1867],{"id":58743},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58745,3632],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58748,3011],{},[20,58750,8814,58751,58753,58754,1846,58756,58753,58758,129],{},[15,58752,3632],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58755,3011],{},[15,58757,3702],{},[15,58759,1215],{},[219,58761,1909],{"id":1908},[233,58763,58764,58768,58774,58778,58786,58793],{},[236,58765,58766],{},[380,58767,52587],{"href":50794},[236,58769,58770],{},[380,58771,58773],{"href":58772},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[236,58775,58776],{},[380,58777,6961],{"href":6221},[236,58779,58780],{},[380,58781,55336,58783,1845],{"href":58782},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58784,58785],{},"index()",[236,58787,58788],{},[380,58789,3603,58791],{"href":58790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58792,42172],{},[236,58794,58795],{},[380,58796,58797],{"href":58311},"What is a list in Python",[1944,58799,58800],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":58802},[58803,58804,58806,58807,58808,58814,58820,58822,58830,58841],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":57204,"depth":108,"text":58805},"What list.count() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":37828,"depth":108,"text":37829},{"id":57526,"depth":108,"text":57527,"children":58809},[58810,58811,58813],{"id":57558,"depth":115,"text":57559},{"id":57657,"depth":115,"text":58812},"1 and True can match",{"id":57756,"depth":115,"text":57757},{"id":57834,"depth":108,"text":57835,"children":58815},[58816,58817,58818,58819],{"id":57838,"depth":115,"text":57839},{"id":57917,"depth":115,"text":57918},{"id":58014,"depth":115,"text":58015},{"id":58089,"depth":115,"text":58090},{"id":58190,"depth":108,"text":58821},"When to use count()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":58823},[58824,58825,58827,58828],{"id":58321,"depth":115,"text":58322},{"id":58410,"depth":115,"text":58826},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58497,"depth":115,"text":58498},{"id":58570,"depth":115,"text":58829},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":58831},[58832,58834,58835,58837,58839],{"id":58704,"depth":115,"text":58833},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58713,"depth":115,"text":58714},{"id":58721,"depth":115,"text":58836},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58730,"depth":115,"text":58838},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58743,"depth":115,"text":58840},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57099,"description":58842},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58849,"title":58850,"body":58851,"description":60814,"extension":1981,"meta":60815,"navigation":111,"path":60816,"seo":60817,"stem":60818,"__hash__":60819},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58852,"toc":60777},[58853,58856,58859,58861,58989,58993,59074,59085,59087,59106,59110,59113,59116,59134,59136,59179,59183,59208,59217,59221,59226,59229,59346,59350,59419,59423,59435,59439,59442,59483,59487,59500,59503,59588,59592,59625,59632,59638,59643,59645,59657,59661,59694,59698,59730,59734,59771,59775,59795,59799,59833,59837,59866,59877,59881,59884,59887,59900,59957,59961,60000,60006,60009,60011,60014,60018,60021,60046,60048,60073,60080,60083,60128,60132,60151,60154,60193,60200,60205,60239,60243,60344,60351,60384,60388,60414,60418,60421,60459,60462,60499,60503,60506,60525,60529,60590,60592,60610,60614,60617,60620,60649,60651,60655,60658,60666,60670,60673,60693,60699,60705,60709,60712,60719,60727,60729,60768,60774],[10,58854,58850],{"id":58855},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58857,58858],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[219,58860,3637],{"id":3636},[41,58862,58864],{"className":43,"code":58863,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58865,58866,58886,58918,58926,58944,58948,58958,58968,58979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58867,58868,58870,58872,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58869,3647],{"class":56},[50,58871,61],{"class":60},[50,58873,3652],{"class":64},[50,58875,3011],{"class":101},[50,58877,89],{"class":64},[50,58879,3016],{"class":101},[50,58881,89],{"class":64},[50,58883,2473],{"class":101},[50,58885,788],{"class":64},[50,58887,58888,58890,58892,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58889,5018],{"class":56},[50,58891,61],{"class":60},[50,58893,3652],{"class":64},[50,58895,69],{"class":68},[50,58897,84],{"class":72},[50,58899,69],{"class":68},[50,58901,89],{"class":64},[50,58903,81],{"class":68},[50,58905,35747],{"class":72},[50,58907,69],{"class":68},[50,58909,89],{"class":64},[50,58911,81],{"class":68},[50,58913,35756],{"class":72},[50,58915,69],{"class":68},[50,58917,788],{"class":64},[50,58919,58920,58922,58924],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58921,55747],{"class":56},[50,58923,61],{"class":60},[50,58925,7865],{"class":64},[50,58927,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940,58942],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,58929,35897],{"class":56},[50,58931,61],{"class":60},[50,58933,22358],{"class":1779},[50,58935,122],{"class":64},[50,58937,69],{"class":68},[50,58939,41371],{"class":72},[50,58941,69],{"class":68},[50,58943,414],{"class":64},[50,58945,58946],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,58947,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58949,58950,58952,58954,58956],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,58951,119],{"class":118},[50,58953,122],{"class":64},[50,58955,3678],{"class":125},[50,58957,414],{"class":64},[50,58959,58960,58962,58964,58966],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,58961,119],{"class":118},[50,58963,122],{"class":64},[50,58965,5062],{"class":125},[50,58967,414],{"class":64},[50,58969,58970,58972,58974,58977],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,58971,119],{"class":118},[50,58973,122],{"class":64},[50,58975,58976],{"class":125},"empty_list",[50,58978,414],{"class":64},[50,58980,58981,58983,58985,58987],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,58982,119],{"class":118},[50,58984,122],{"class":64},[50,58986,35950],{"class":125},[50,58988,414],{"class":64},[20,58990,58991],{},[997,58992,2091],{},[41,58994,58996],{"className":43,"code":58995,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58997,58998,59014,59042,59046],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58999,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59001,779],{"class":64},[50,59003,3011],{"class":101},[50,59005,89],{"class":64},[50,59007,3016],{"class":101},[50,59009,89],{"class":64},[50,59011,2473],{"class":101},[50,59013,788],{"class":64},[50,59015,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032,59034,59036,59038,59040],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59017,779],{"class":64},[50,59019,1736],{"class":68},[50,59021,84],{"class":72},[50,59023,1736],{"class":68},[50,59025,89],{"class":64},[50,59027,3321],{"class":68},[50,59029,35747],{"class":72},[50,59031,1736],{"class":68},[50,59033,89],{"class":64},[50,59035,3321],{"class":68},[50,59037,35756],{"class":72},[50,59039,1736],{"class":68},[50,59041,788],{"class":64},[50,59043,59044],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59045,38106],{"class":64},[50,59047,59048,59050,59052,59054,59056,59058,59060,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,59049,779],{"class":64},[50,59051,1736],{"class":68},[50,59053,380],{"class":72},[50,59055,1736],{"class":68},[50,59057,89],{"class":64},[50,59059,3321],{"class":68},[50,59061,4784],{"class":72},[50,59063,1736],{"class":68},[50,59065,89],{"class":64},[50,59067,3321],{"class":68},[50,59069,9763],{"class":72},[50,59071,1736],{"class":68},[50,59073,788],{"class":64},[20,59075,59076,59077,59079,59080,59082,59083,129],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59078,1234],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59081,24580],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59084,36005],{},[219,59086,15167],{"id":15166},[233,59088,59089,59092,59095,59098,59103],{},[236,59090,59091],{},"What a list is in Python",[236,59093,59094],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[236,59096,59097],{},"How to create an empty list",[236,59099,59100,59101,2324],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59102,24580],{},[236,59104,59105],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[219,59107,59109],{"id":59108},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59111,59112],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59114,59115],{},"This means:",[233,59117,59118,59121,59124,59127],{},[236,59119,59120],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[236,59122,59123],{},"The order of items is kept",[236,59125,59126],{},"A list can hold different data types",[236,59128,59129,59130,59133],{},"A list is ",[997,59131,59132],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59135,253],{},[41,59137,59139],{"className":43,"code":59138,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59140,59141,59165,59169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59142,59143,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59144,7805],{"class":56},[50,59146,61],{"class":60},[50,59148,3652],{"class":64},[50,59150,69],{"class":68},[50,59152,4102],{"class":72},[50,59154,69],{"class":68},[50,59156,89],{"class":64},[50,59158,1144],{"class":101},[50,59160,89],{"class":64},[50,59162,3938],{"class":1494},[50,59164,788],{"class":64},[50,59166,59167],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59168,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59170,59171,59173,59175,59177],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59172,119],{"class":118},[50,59174,122],{"class":64},[50,59176,7836],{"class":125},[50,59178,414],{"class":64},[20,59180,59181],{},[997,59182,2091],{},[41,59184,59186],{"className":43,"code":59185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59187,59188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59189,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59191,779],{"class":64},[50,59193,1736],{"class":68},[50,59195,4102],{"class":72},[50,59197,1736],{"class":68},[50,59199,89],{"class":64},[50,59201,1144],{"class":101},[50,59203,89],{"class":64},[50,59205,3938],{"class":1494},[50,59207,788],{"class":64},[20,59209,59210,59211,2901,59214,129],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[380,59212,59213],{"href":50794},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[380,59215,59216],{"href":58311},"What is a List in Python?",[219,59218,59220],{"id":59219},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59222,59076,59223,59225],{},[15,59224,1234],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59227,59228],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[41,59230,59232],{"className":43,"code":59231,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59233,59234,59254,59286,59311,59315,59325,59335],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59235,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59237,3647],{"class":56},[50,59239,61],{"class":60},[50,59241,3652],{"class":64},[50,59243,3011],{"class":101},[50,59245,89],{"class":64},[50,59247,3016],{"class":101},[50,59249,89],{"class":64},[50,59251,2473],{"class":101},[50,59253,788],{"class":64},[50,59255,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59257,5018],{"class":56},[50,59259,61],{"class":60},[50,59261,3652],{"class":64},[50,59263,69],{"class":68},[50,59265,84],{"class":72},[50,59267,69],{"class":68},[50,59269,89],{"class":64},[50,59271,81],{"class":68},[50,59273,35747],{"class":72},[50,59275,69],{"class":68},[50,59277,89],{"class":64},[50,59279,81],{"class":68},[50,59281,35756],{"class":72},[50,59283,69],{"class":68},[50,59285,788],{"class":64},[50,59287,59288,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59289,59290],{"class":56},"mixed ",[50,59292,61],{"class":60},[50,59294,3652],{"class":64},[50,59296,2352],{"class":101},[50,59298,89],{"class":64},[50,59300,81],{"class":68},[50,59302,3870],{"class":72},[50,59304,69],{"class":68},[50,59306,89],{"class":64},[50,59308,3929],{"class":1494},[50,59310,788],{"class":64},[50,59312,59313],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,59314,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59316,59317,59319,59321,59323],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,59318,119],{"class":118},[50,59320,122],{"class":64},[50,59322,3678],{"class":125},[50,59324,414],{"class":64},[50,59326,59327,59329,59331,59333],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,59328,119],{"class":118},[50,59330,122],{"class":64},[50,59332,5062],{"class":125},[50,59334,414],{"class":64},[50,59336,59337,59339,59341,59344],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,59338,119],{"class":118},[50,59340,122],{"class":64},[50,59342,59343],{"class":125},"mixed",[50,59345,414],{"class":64},[20,59347,59348],{},[997,59349,2091],{},[41,59351,59353],{"className":43,"code":59352,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59354,59355,59371,59399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59356,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365,59367,59369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59358,779],{"class":64},[50,59360,3011],{"class":101},[50,59362,89],{"class":64},[50,59364,3016],{"class":101},[50,59366,89],{"class":64},[50,59368,2473],{"class":101},[50,59370,788],{"class":64},[50,59372,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59374,779],{"class":64},[50,59376,1736],{"class":68},[50,59378,84],{"class":72},[50,59380,1736],{"class":68},[50,59382,89],{"class":64},[50,59384,3321],{"class":68},[50,59386,35747],{"class":72},[50,59388,1736],{"class":68},[50,59390,89],{"class":64},[50,59392,3321],{"class":68},[50,59394,35756],{"class":72},[50,59396,1736],{"class":68},[50,59398,788],{"class":64},[50,59400,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59402,779],{"class":64},[50,59404,2352],{"class":101},[50,59406,89],{"class":64},[50,59408,3321],{"class":68},[50,59410,3870],{"class":72},[50,59412,1736],{"class":68},[50,59414,89],{"class":64},[50,59416,3929],{"class":1494},[50,59418,788],{"class":64},[811,59420,59422],{"id":59421},"key-points","Key points",[233,59424,59425,59430,59432],{},[236,59426,212,59427,59429],{},[15,59428,1234],{}," to make a new list",[236,59431,15434],{},[236,59433,59434],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[219,59436,59438],{"id":59437},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59440,59441],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[41,59443,59445],{"className":43,"code":59444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59446,59447,59455,59459,59469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59448,59449,59451,59453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59450,8334],{"class":56},[50,59452,61],{"class":60},[50,59454,7865],{"class":64},[50,59456,59457],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59458,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59460,59461,59463,59465,59467],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59462,119],{"class":118},[50,59464,122],{"class":64},[50,59466,8365],{"class":125},[50,59468,414],{"class":64},[50,59470,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,59472,119],{"class":118},[50,59474,122],{"class":64},[50,59476,11181],{"class":118},[50,59478,122],{"class":64},[50,59480,8365],{"class":125},[50,59482,1770],{"class":64},[20,59484,59485],{},[997,59486,2091],{},[41,59488,59490],{"className":43,"code":59489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[]\n0\n",[15,59491,59492,59496],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59493,59494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59495,38106],{"class":64},[50,59497,59498],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59499,47065],{"class":101},[20,59501,59502],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[41,59504,59506],{"className":43,"code":59505,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59507,59508,59516,59520,59538,59556,59574,59578],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59509,59510,59512,59514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59511,5018],{"class":56},[50,59513,61],{"class":60},[50,59515,7865],{"class":64},[50,59517,59518],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59519,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59521,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59523,5062],{"class":56},[50,59525,129],{"class":64},[50,59527,13561],{"class":125},[50,59529,122],{"class":64},[50,59531,69],{"class":68},[50,59533,84],{"class":72},[50,59535,69],{"class":68},[50,59537,414],{"class":64},[50,59539,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,59541,5062],{"class":56},[50,59543,129],{"class":64},[50,59545,13561],{"class":125},[50,59547,122],{"class":64},[50,59549,69],{"class":68},[50,59551,35747],{"class":72},[50,59553,69],{"class":68},[50,59555,414],{"class":64},[50,59557,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,59559,5062],{"class":56},[50,59561,129],{"class":64},[50,59563,13561],{"class":125},[50,59565,122],{"class":64},[50,59567,69],{"class":68},[50,59569,35756],{"class":72},[50,59571,69],{"class":68},[50,59573,414],{"class":64},[50,59575,59576],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,59577,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59579,59580,59582,59584,59586],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,59581,119],{"class":118},[50,59583,122],{"class":64},[50,59585,5062],{"class":125},[50,59587,414],{"class":64},[20,59589,59590],{},[997,59591,2091],{},[41,59593,59595],{"className":43,"code":59594,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59596,59597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59598,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59600,779],{"class":64},[50,59602,1736],{"class":68},[50,59604,84],{"class":72},[50,59606,1736],{"class":68},[50,59608,89],{"class":64},[50,59610,3321],{"class":68},[50,59612,35747],{"class":72},[50,59614,1736],{"class":68},[50,59616,89],{"class":64},[50,59618,3321],{"class":68},[50,59620,35756],{"class":72},[50,59622,1736],{"class":68},[50,59624,788],{"class":64},[20,59626,59627,59628,129],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[380,59629,59630,1845],{"href":56585},[15,59631,52468],{},[219,59633,59635,59636],{"id":59634},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59637,24580],{},[20,59639,212,59640,59642],{},[15,59641,24580],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59644,5480],{},[233,59646,59647,59649,59651,59653],{},[236,59648,5332],{},[236,59650,5326],{},[236,59652,5329],{},[236,59654,59655],{},[15,59656,36005],{},[811,59658,59660],{"id":59659},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[41,59662,59664],{"className":43,"code":59663,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59665,59666,59684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59667,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59669,35897],{"class":56},[50,59671,61],{"class":60},[50,59673,22358],{"class":1779},[50,59675,122],{"class":64},[50,59677,69],{"class":68},[50,59679,41371],{"class":72},[50,59681,69],{"class":68},[50,59683,414],{"class":64},[50,59685,59686,59688,59690,59692],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59687,119],{"class":118},[50,59689,122],{"class":64},[50,59691,35950],{"class":125},[50,59693,414],{"class":64},[20,59695,59696],{},[997,59697,2091],{},[41,59699,59700],{"className":43,"code":42687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,59701,59702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59703,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59705,779],{"class":64},[50,59707,1736],{"class":68},[50,59709,380],{"class":72},[50,59711,1736],{"class":68},[50,59713,89],{"class":64},[50,59715,3321],{"class":68},[50,59717,4784],{"class":72},[50,59719,1736],{"class":68},[50,59721,89],{"class":64},[50,59723,3321],{"class":68},[50,59725,9763],{"class":72},[50,59727,1736],{"class":68},[50,59729,788],{"class":64},[811,59731,59733],{"id":59732},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[41,59735,59737],{"className":43,"code":59736,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59738,59739,59761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59740,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59742,3647],{"class":56},[50,59744,61],{"class":60},[50,59746,22358],{"class":1779},[50,59748,5534],{"class":64},[50,59750,3011],{"class":101},[50,59752,89],{"class":64},[50,59754,3016],{"class":101},[50,59756,89],{"class":64},[50,59758,2473],{"class":101},[50,59760,1770],{"class":64},[50,59762,59763,59765,59767,59769],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59764,119],{"class":118},[50,59766,122],{"class":64},[50,59768,3678],{"class":125},[50,59770,414],{"class":64},[20,59772,59773],{},[997,59774,2091],{},[41,59776,59777],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,59778,59779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59780,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59782,779],{"class":64},[50,59784,3011],{"class":101},[50,59786,89],{"class":64},[50,59788,3016],{"class":101},[50,59790,89],{"class":64},[50,59792,2473],{"class":101},[50,59794,788],{"class":64},[811,59796,59798],{"id":59797},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[41,59800,59802],{"className":43,"code":59801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59803,59804,59823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59805,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59817,59819,59821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59807,3848],{"class":56},[50,59809,61],{"class":60},[50,59811,22358],{"class":1779},[50,59813,122],{"class":64},[50,59815,59816],{"class":118},"range",[50,59818,122],{"class":64},[50,59820,2157],{"class":101},[50,59822,1770],{"class":64},[50,59824,59825,59827,59829,59831],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59826,119],{"class":118},[50,59828,122],{"class":64},[50,59830,5382],{"class":125},[50,59832,414],{"class":64},[20,59834,59835],{},[997,59836,2091],{},[41,59838,59840],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59841,59842],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59843,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59845,779],{"class":64},[50,59847,1215],{"class":101},[50,59849,89],{"class":64},[50,59851,5521],{"class":101},[50,59853,89],{"class":64},[50,59855,3016],{"class":101},[50,59857,89],{"class":64},[50,59859,2473],{"class":101},[50,59861,89],{"class":64},[50,59863,2479],{"class":101},[50,59865,788],{"class":64},[20,59867,59868,59870,59871,129],{},[15,59869,24580],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[380,59872,59874,59876],{"href":59873},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59875,24580],{},": Function Explained",[219,59878,59880],{"id":59879},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59882,59883],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59885,59886],{},"Examples include:",[233,59888,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897],{},[236,59890,5332],{},[236,59892,40234],{},[236,59894,51861],{},[236,59896,40404],{},[236,59898,59899],{},"other lists",[41,59901,59903],{"className":43,"code":59902,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59904,59905,59943,59947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59906,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59908,829],{"class":56},[50,59910,61],{"class":60},[50,59912,3652],{"class":64},[50,59914,69],{"class":68},[50,59916,84],{"class":72},[50,59918,69],{"class":68},[50,59920,89],{"class":64},[50,59922,102],{"class":101},[50,59924,89],{"class":64},[50,59926,3938],{"class":1494},[50,59928,89],{"class":64},[50,59930,3652],{"class":64},[50,59932,3011],{"class":101},[50,59934,89],{"class":64},[50,59936,3016],{"class":101},[50,59938,89],{"class":64},[50,59940,2473],{"class":101},[50,59942,53058],{"class":64},[50,59944,59945],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59946,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59948,59949,59951,59953,59955],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59950,119],{"class":118},[50,59952,122],{"class":64},[50,59954,776],{"class":125},[50,59956,414],{"class":64},[20,59958,59959],{},[997,59960,2091],{},[41,59962,59964],{"className":43,"code":59963,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59965,59966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59967,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59969,779],{"class":64},[50,59971,1736],{"class":68},[50,59973,84],{"class":72},[50,59975,1736],{"class":68},[50,59977,89],{"class":64},[50,59979,102],{"class":101},[50,59981,89],{"class":64},[50,59983,3938],{"class":1494},[50,59985,89],{"class":64},[50,59987,3652],{"class":64},[50,59989,3011],{"class":101},[50,59991,89],{"class":64},[50,59993,3016],{"class":101},[50,59995,89],{"class":64},[50,59997,2473],{"class":101},[50,59999,53058],{"class":64},[20,60001,60002,60003,129],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[997,60004,60005],{},"nested list",[20,60007,60008],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[219,60010,4543],{"id":4542},[20,60012,60013],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[811,60015,60017],{"id":60016},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60019,60020],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[41,60022,60024],{"className":43,"code":60023,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60025,60026,60030],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60027,60028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60029,4560],{"class":146},[50,60031,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60033,3647],{"class":56},[50,60035,61],{"class":60},[50,60037,3652],{"class":64},[50,60039,3011],{"class":101},[50,60041,3016],{"class":101},[50,60043,2473],{"class":101},[50,60045,788],{"class":64},[20,60047,10827],{},[41,60049,60051],{"className":43,"code":60050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60052,60053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60054,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60056,3647],{"class":56},[50,60058,61],{"class":60},[50,60060,3652],{"class":64},[50,60062,3011],{"class":101},[50,60064,89],{"class":64},[50,60066,3016],{"class":101},[50,60068,89],{"class":64},[50,60070,2473],{"class":101},[50,60072,788],{"class":64},[811,60074,8444,60076,11111,60078],{"id":60075},"using-instead-of",[15,60077,7391],{},[15,60079,1234],{},[20,60081,60082],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[41,60084,60086],{"className":43,"code":60085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60087,60088,60109,60113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60089,60090,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60091,60092],{"class":56},"my_values ",[50,60094,61],{"class":60},[50,60096,9262],{"class":64},[50,60098,3011],{"class":101},[50,60100,89],{"class":64},[50,60102,3016],{"class":101},[50,60104,89],{"class":64},[50,60106,2473],{"class":101},[50,60108,414],{"class":64},[50,60110,60111],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60112,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,60114,60115,60117,60119,60121,60123,60126],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,60116,119],{"class":118},[50,60118,122],{"class":64},[50,60120,1780],{"class":1779},[50,60122,122],{"class":64},[50,60124,60125],{"class":125},"my_values",[50,60127,1770],{"class":64},[20,60129,60130],{},[997,60131,2091],{},[41,60133,60135],{"className":43,"code":60134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60136,60137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60138,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60140,3315],{"class":60},[50,60142,3318],{"class":2085},[50,60144,3321],{"class":68},[50,60146,48767],{"class":72},[50,60148,1736],{"class":68},[50,60150,3328],{"class":60},[20,60152,60153],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[41,60155,60157],{"className":43,"code":60156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60158,60159,60179],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60160,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60162,60092],{"class":56},[50,60164,61],{"class":60},[50,60166,3652],{"class":64},[50,60168,3011],{"class":101},[50,60170,89],{"class":64},[50,60172,3016],{"class":101},[50,60174,89],{"class":64},[50,60176,2473],{"class":101},[50,60178,788],{"class":64},[50,60180,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60182,119],{"class":118},[50,60184,122],{"class":64},[50,60186,1780],{"class":1779},[50,60188,122],{"class":64},[50,60190,60125],{"class":125},[50,60192,1770],{"class":64},[811,60194,8480,60196,60199],{"id":60195},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60197,60198],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60201,60202,60204],{},[15,60203,24580],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[41,60206,60208],{"className":43,"code":60207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60209,60210,60229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60211,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60225,60227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60213,2250],{"class":56},[50,60215,61],{"class":60},[50,60217,22358],{"class":1779},[50,60219,122],{"class":64},[50,60221,69],{"class":68},[50,60223,60224],{"class":72},"hello world",[50,60226,69],{"class":68},[50,60228,414],{"class":64},[50,60230,60231,60233,60235,60237],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60232,119],{"class":118},[50,60234,122],{"class":64},[50,60236,2285],{"class":125},[50,60238,414],{"class":64},[20,60240,60241],{},[997,60242,2091],{},[41,60244,60246],{"className":43,"code":60245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60247,60248],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60249,60250,60252,60254,60257,60259,60261,60263,60266,60268,60270,60272,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60251,779],{"class":64},[50,60253,1736],{"class":68},[50,60255,60256],{"class":72},"h",[50,60258,1736],{"class":68},[50,60260,89],{"class":64},[50,60262,3321],{"class":68},[50,60264,60265],{"class":72},"e",[50,60267,1736],{"class":68},[50,60269,89],{"class":64},[50,60271,3321],{"class":68},[50,60273,60274],{"class":72},"l",[50,60276,1736],{"class":68},[50,60278,89],{"class":64},[50,60280,3321],{"class":68},[50,60282,60274],{"class":72},[50,60284,1736],{"class":68},[50,60286,89],{"class":64},[50,60288,3321],{"class":68},[50,60290,60291],{"class":72},"o",[50,60293,1736],{"class":68},[50,60295,89],{"class":64},[50,60297,3321],{"class":68},[50,60299,3321],{"class":68},[50,60301,89],{"class":64},[50,60303,3321],{"class":68},[50,60305,60306],{"class":72},"w",[50,60308,1736],{"class":68},[50,60310,89],{"class":64},[50,60312,3321],{"class":68},[50,60314,60291],{"class":72},[50,60316,1736],{"class":68},[50,60318,89],{"class":64},[50,60320,3321],{"class":68},[50,60322,60323],{"class":72},"r",[50,60325,1736],{"class":68},[50,60327,89],{"class":64},[50,60329,3321],{"class":68},[50,60331,60274],{"class":72},[50,60333,1736],{"class":68},[50,60335,89],{"class":64},[50,60337,3321],{"class":68},[50,60339,18757],{"class":72},[50,60341,1736],{"class":68},[50,60343,788],{"class":64},[20,60345,60346,60347,60350],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60348,60349],{},"split()"," instead:",[41,60352,60354],{"className":43,"code":60353,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60355,60356,60374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60357,60358,60360,60362,60364,60366,60368,60370,60372],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60359,4093],{"class":56},[50,60361,61],{"class":60},[50,60363,81],{"class":68},[50,60365,60224],{"class":72},[50,60367,69],{"class":68},[50,60369,129],{"class":64},[50,60371,34273],{"class":125},[50,60373,8671],{"class":64},[50,60375,60376,60378,60380,60382],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60377,119],{"class":118},[50,60379,122],{"class":64},[50,60381,4137],{"class":125},[50,60383,414],{"class":64},[20,60385,60386],{},[997,60387,2091],{},[41,60389,60391],{"className":43,"code":60390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60392,60393],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60394,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60410,60412],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60396,779],{"class":64},[50,60398,1736],{"class":68},[50,60400,3870],{"class":72},[50,60402,1736],{"class":68},[50,60404,89],{"class":64},[50,60406,3321],{"class":68},[50,60408,60409],{"class":72},"world",[50,60411,1736],{"class":68},[50,60413,788],{"class":64},[811,60415,60417],{"id":60416},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60419,60420],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[41,60422,60424],{"className":43,"code":60423,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60425,60426,60430],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60427,60428],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60429,4560],{"class":146},[50,60431,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60451,60453,60455,60457],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60433,5018],{"class":56},[50,60435,61],{"class":60},[50,60437,3652],{"class":64},[50,60439,69],{"class":68},[50,60441,84],{"class":72},[50,60443,69],{"class":68},[50,60445,89],{"class":64},[50,60447,81],{"class":68},[50,60449,60450],{"class":72},"Ben', ",[50,60452,69],{"class":68},[50,60454,35756],{"class":56},[50,60456,69],{"class":68},[50,60458,788],{"class":72},[20,60460,60461],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[41,60463,60465],{"className":43,"code":60464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60466,60467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60468,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60470,5018],{"class":56},[50,60472,61],{"class":60},[50,60474,3652],{"class":64},[50,60476,69],{"class":68},[50,60478,84],{"class":72},[50,60480,69],{"class":68},[50,60482,89],{"class":64},[50,60484,81],{"class":68},[50,60486,35747],{"class":72},[50,60488,69],{"class":68},[50,60490,89],{"class":64},[50,60492,81],{"class":68},[50,60494,35756],{"class":72},[50,60496,69],{"class":68},[50,60498,788],{"class":64},[811,60500,60502],{"id":60501},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60504,60505],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[233,60507,60508,60511,60514,60519],{},[236,60509,60510],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[236,60512,60513],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[236,60515,60516,60517],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60518,24580],{},[236,60520,8480,60521,60524],{},[15,60522,60523],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[811,60526,60528],{"id":60527},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[41,60530,60532],{"className":43,"code":60531,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60533,60534,60544,60558,60572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60535,60536,60538,60540,60542],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60537,119],{"class":118},[50,60539,122],{"class":64},[50,60541,8365],{"class":125},[50,60543,414],{"class":64},[50,60545,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60547,119],{"class":118},[50,60549,122],{"class":64},[50,60551,1780],{"class":1779},[50,60553,122],{"class":64},[50,60555,8365],{"class":125},[50,60557,1770],{"class":64},[50,60559,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,60561,119],{"class":118},[50,60563,122],{"class":64},[50,60565,11181],{"class":118},[50,60567,122],{"class":64},[50,60569,8365],{"class":125},[50,60571,1770],{"class":64},[50,60573,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,60575,119],{"class":118},[50,60577,122],{"class":64},[50,60579,8119],{"class":1779},[50,60581,122],{"class":64},[50,60583,59816],{"class":118},[50,60585,122],{"class":64},[50,60587,2157],{"class":101},[50,60589,1799],{"class":64},[20,60591,25808],{},[233,60593,60594,60597,60600,60603],{},[236,60595,60596],{},"what the list contains",[236,60598,60599],{},"whether the value is really a list",[236,60601,60602],{},"how many items it has",[236,60604,25819,60605,60607,60608],{},[15,60606,24580],{}," does with ",[15,60609,36005],{},[219,60611,60613],{"id":60612},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60615,60616],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60618,60619],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[233,60621,60622,60637,60642],{},[236,60623,212,60624,32,60628,17069,60632,60636],{},[380,60625,60626],{"href":56585},[15,60627,52468],{},[380,60629,60630],{"href":53160},[15,60631,53262],{},[380,60633,60634],{"href":53724},[15,60635,54084],{}," to add items later",[236,60638,212,60639,60641],{},[380,60640,59213],{"href":50794}," for a broader introduction",[236,60643,212,60644,60648],{},[380,60645,60646,59876],{"href":59873},[15,60647,24580],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[219,60650,1857],{"id":1856},[811,60652,60654],{"id":60653},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60656,60657],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[41,60659,60660],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,60661,60662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60663,60664],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60665,38106],{"class":64},[811,60667,60669],{"id":60668},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60671,60672],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[41,60674,60675],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,60676,60677],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60678,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689,60691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60680,779],{"class":64},[50,60682,3011],{"class":101},[50,60684,89],{"class":64},[50,60686,3016],{"class":101},[50,60688,89],{"class":64},[50,60690,2473],{"class":101},[50,60692,788],{"class":64},[811,60694,5164,60696,60698],{"id":60695},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60697,24580],{}," do in Python?",[20,60700,60701,60702,60704],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60703,36005],{},", into a list.",[811,60706,60708],{"id":60707},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60710,60711],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[811,60713,5202,60715,1846,60717,1867],{"id":60714},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60716,1234],{},[15,60718,7391],{},[20,60720,60721,60723,60724,60726],{},[15,60722,1234],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60725,7391],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[219,60728,1909],{"id":1908},[233,60730,60731,60735,60741,60747,60753,60759,60763],{},[236,60732,60733],{},[380,60734,59213],{"href":50794},[236,60736,60737],{},[380,60738,55336,60739,18],{"href":56585},[15,60740,52468],{},[236,60742,60743],{},[380,60744,55336,60745,18],{"href":53160},[15,60746,53262],{},[236,60748,60749],{},[380,60750,55336,60751,18],{"href":53724},[15,60752,54084],{},[236,60754,60755],{},[380,60756,3603,60757,3607],{"href":59873},[15,60758,24580],{},[236,60760,60761],{},[380,60762,59216],{"href":58311},[236,60764,60765],{},[380,60766,60767],{"href":12078},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60769,60770,60771,60773],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60772,52468],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1944,60775,60776],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":60778},[60779,60780,60781,60782,60785,60786,60792,60793,60803,60804,60813],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":15166,"depth":108,"text":15167},{"id":59108,"depth":108,"text":59109},{"id":59219,"depth":108,"text":59220,"children":60783},[60784],{"id":59421,"depth":115,"text":59422},{"id":59437,"depth":108,"text":59438},{"id":59634,"depth":108,"text":60787,"children":60788},"Create a list with list()",[60789,60790,60791],{"id":59659,"depth":115,"text":59660},{"id":59732,"depth":115,"text":59733},{"id":59797,"depth":115,"text":59798},{"id":59879,"depth":108,"text":59880},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":60794},[60795,60796,60798,60800,60801,60802],{"id":60016,"depth":115,"text":60017},{"id":60075,"depth":115,"text":60797},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60195,"depth":115,"text":60799},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60416,"depth":115,"text":60417},{"id":60501,"depth":115,"text":60502},{"id":60527,"depth":115,"text":60528},{"id":60612,"depth":108,"text":60613},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":60805},[60806,60807,60808,60810,60811],{"id":60653,"depth":115,"text":60654},{"id":60668,"depth":115,"text":60669},{"id":60695,"depth":115,"text":60809},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60707,"depth":115,"text":60708},{"id":60714,"depth":115,"text":60812},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58850,"description":60814},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60821,"title":60822,"body":60823,"description":62564,"extension":1981,"meta":62565,"navigation":111,"path":62566,"seo":62567,"stem":62568,"__hash__":62569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60824,"toc":62519},[60825,60830,60835,60838,60840,60911,60916,60921,60925,60939,60944,60946,60966,60971,60974,60997,61001,61006,61098,61100,61122,61128,61134,61141,61148,61154,61211,61217,61275,61277,61289,61297,61303,61308,61312,61369,61372,61376,61435,61438,61442,61500,61512,61516,61569,61572,61576,61582,61588,61650,61653,61714,61717,61773,61778,61780,61784,61791,61852,61857,61866,61922,61929,61933,61991,62000,62058,62062,62097,62101,62111,62114,62169,62183,62186,62301,62306,62310,62321,62323,62402,62412,62414,62419,62424,62431,62439,62445,62448,62454,62457,62463,62469,62471,62507,62516],[10,60826,54158,60828,18],{"id":60827},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60829,53262],{},[20,60831,60832,60834],{},[15,60833,53163],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60836,60837],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[219,60839,2022],{"id":2021},[41,60841,60843],{"className":43,"code":60842,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60844,60845,60861,60878,60882,60897,60907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60846,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60848,3647],{"class":56},[50,60850,61],{"class":60},[50,60852,3652],{"class":64},[50,60854,3011],{"class":101},[50,60856,89],{"class":64},[50,60858,3016],{"class":101},[50,60860,788],{"class":64},[50,60862,60863,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60864,60865],{"class":56},"more_numbers ",[50,60867,61],{"class":60},[50,60869,3652],{"class":64},[50,60871,2082],{"class":101},[50,60873,89],{"class":64},[50,60875,2479],{"class":101},[50,60877,788],{"class":64},[50,60879,60880],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,60881,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,60883,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892,60895],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,60885,3678],{"class":56},[50,60887,129],{"class":64},[50,60889,53292],{"class":125},[50,60891,122],{"class":64},[50,60893,60894],{"class":125},"more_numbers",[50,60896,414],{"class":64},[50,60898,60899,60901,60903,60905],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,60900,119],{"class":118},[50,60902,122],{"class":64},[50,60904,3678],{"class":125},[50,60906,414],{"class":64},[50,60908,60909],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,60910,52539],{"class":146},[20,60912,212,60913,60915],{},[15,60914,53262],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[219,60917,222,60919,225],{"id":60918},"what-listextend-does",[15,60920,53163],{},[20,60922,60923,78],{},[15,60924,53262],{},[233,60926,60927,60930,60932,60935],{},[236,60928,60929],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[236,60931,54244],{},[236,60933,60934],{},"Does not create a new list",[236,60936,241,60937],{},[15,60938,38],{},[20,60940,60941,60942,53617],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60943,53262],{},[219,60945,387],{"id":386},[41,60947,60949],{"className":43,"code":60948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60950,60951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60952,60953,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60954,60955],{"class":56},"list_name",[50,60957,129],{"class":64},[50,60959,53292],{"class":125},[50,60961,122],{"class":64},[50,60963,3748],{"class":125},[50,60965,414],{"class":64},[20,60967,5475,60968,60970],{},[997,60969,3748],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60972,60973],{},"Common iterables include:",[233,60975,60976,60980,60984,60988,60993],{},[236,60977,60978],{},[15,60979,8119],{},[236,60981,60982],{},[15,60983,48767],{},[236,60985,60986],{},[15,60987,6311],{},[236,60989,60990],{},[15,60991,60992],{},"string",[236,60994,60995],{},[15,60996,59816],{},[219,60998,61000],{"id":60999},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61002,61003,61004,78],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61005,53262],{},[41,61007,61009],{"className":43,"code":61008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61010,61011,61035,61060,61064,61079,61083,61093],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61012,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61014,36046],{"class":56},[50,61016,61],{"class":60},[50,61018,3652],{"class":64},[50,61020,69],{"class":68},[50,61022,4102],{"class":72},[50,61024,69],{"class":68},[50,61026,89],{"class":64},[50,61028,81],{"class":68},[50,61030,4111],{"class":72},[50,61032,69],{"class":68},[50,61034,788],{"class":64},[50,61036,61037,61040,61042,61044,61046,61048,61050,61052,61054,61056,61058],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61038,61039],{"class":56},"more_fruits ",[50,61041,61],{"class":60},[50,61043,3652],{"class":64},[50,61045,69],{"class":68},[50,61047,33024],{"class":72},[50,61049,69],{"class":68},[50,61051,89],{"class":64},[50,61053,81],{"class":68},[50,61055,22331],{"class":72},[50,61057,69],{"class":68},[50,61059,788],{"class":64},[50,61061,61062],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61063,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61065,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074,61077],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61067,36098],{"class":56},[50,61069,129],{"class":64},[50,61071,53292],{"class":125},[50,61073,122],{"class":64},[50,61075,61076],{"class":125},"more_fruits",[50,61078,414],{"class":64},[50,61080,61081],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61082,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61084,61085,61087,61089,61091],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,61086,119],{"class":118},[50,61088,122],{"class":64},[50,61090,36098],{"class":125},[50,61092,414],{"class":64},[50,61094,61095],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,61096,61097],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61099,11697],{},[233,61101,61102,61107,61112],{},[236,61103,61104,61106],{},[15,61105,36098],{}," starts with two items",[236,61108,61109,61111],{},[15,61110,61076],{}," has two more items",[236,61113,61114,61116,61117,61119,61120],{},[15,61115,53262],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61118,61076],{}," to ",[15,61121,36098],{},[20,61123,61124,61125,61127],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61126,36098],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61129,54383,61130,1846,61132,129],{},[380,61131,52587],{"href":50794},[380,61133,56971],{"href":56970},[219,61135,61137,10608,61139],{"id":61136},"extend-vs-append",[15,61138,53262],{},[15,61140,52468],{},[20,61142,61143,1846,61145,61147],{},[15,61144,53262],{},[15,61146,52468],{}," are often confused.",[811,61149,61151,61153],{"id":61150},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61152,53262],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[41,61155,61157],{"className":43,"code":61156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61158,61159,61175,61193,61197,61207],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61160,61161,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61162,3647],{"class":56},[50,61164,61],{"class":60},[50,61166,3652],{"class":64},[50,61168,3011],{"class":101},[50,61170,89],{"class":64},[50,61172,3016],{"class":101},[50,61174,788],{"class":64},[50,61176,61177,61179,61181,61183,61185,61187,61189,61191],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61178,3678],{"class":56},[50,61180,129],{"class":64},[50,61182,53292],{"class":125},[50,61184,3008],{"class":64},[50,61186,2082],{"class":101},[50,61188,89],{"class":64},[50,61190,2479],{"class":101},[50,61192,3911],{"class":64},[50,61194,61195],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61196,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61198,61199,61201,61203,61205],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61200,119],{"class":118},[50,61202,122],{"class":64},[50,61204,3678],{"class":125},[50,61206,414],{"class":64},[50,61208,61209],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61210,52539],{"class":146},[811,61212,61214,61216],{"id":61213},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61215,52468],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[41,61218,61220],{"className":43,"code":61219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61221,61222,61238,61256,61260,61270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61223,61224,61226,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61225,3647],{"class":56},[50,61227,61],{"class":60},[50,61229,3652],{"class":64},[50,61231,3011],{"class":101},[50,61233,89],{"class":64},[50,61235,3016],{"class":101},[50,61237,788],{"class":64},[50,61239,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252,61254],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61241,3678],{"class":56},[50,61243,129],{"class":64},[50,61245,13561],{"class":125},[50,61247,3008],{"class":64},[50,61249,2082],{"class":101},[50,61251,89],{"class":64},[50,61253,2479],{"class":101},[50,61255,3911],{"class":64},[50,61257,61258],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61259,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61261,61262,61264,61266,61268],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61263,119],{"class":118},[50,61265,122],{"class":64},[50,61267,3678],{"class":125},[50,61269,414],{"class":64},[50,61271,61272],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61273,61274],{"class":146},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61276,990],{},[233,61278,61279,61284],{},[236,61280,61281,61283],{},[15,61282,53262],{}," to combine values",[236,61285,61286,61288],{},[15,61287,52468],{}," to add one item",[20,61290,41904,61291,1846,61295,129],{},[380,61292,55336,61293,1845],{"href":56585},[15,61294,52468],{},[380,61296,52865],{"href":52864},[219,61298,8444,61300,61302],{"id":61299},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61301,53262],{}," with different iterables",[20,61304,61305,61307],{},[15,61306,53262],{}," works with more than just lists.",[811,61309,61311],{"id":61310},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[41,61313,61315],{"className":43,"code":61314,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61316,61317,61333,61351,61355,61365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61318,61319,61321,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61320,3848],{"class":56},[50,61322,61],{"class":60},[50,61324,3652],{"class":64},[50,61326,3011],{"class":101},[50,61328,89],{"class":64},[50,61330,3016],{"class":101},[50,61332,788],{"class":64},[50,61334,61335,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61336,5382],{"class":56},[50,61338,129],{"class":64},[50,61340,53292],{"class":125},[50,61342,5534],{"class":64},[50,61344,2082],{"class":101},[50,61346,89],{"class":64},[50,61348,2479],{"class":101},[50,61350,1770],{"class":64},[50,61352,61353],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61354,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61356,61357,61359,61361,61363],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61358,119],{"class":118},[50,61360,122],{"class":64},[50,61362,5382],{"class":125},[50,61364,414],{"class":64},[50,61366,61367],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61368,52539],{"class":146},[20,61370,61371],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[811,61373,61375],{"id":61374},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[41,61377,61379],{"className":43,"code":61378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61380,61381,61397,61416,61420,61430],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61382,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61395],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61384,35897],{"class":56},[50,61386,61],{"class":60},[50,61388,3652],{"class":64},[50,61390,69],{"class":68},[50,61392,380],{"class":72},[50,61394,69],{"class":68},[50,61396,788],{"class":64},[50,61398,61399,61401,61403,61405,61407,61409,61412,61414],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61400,35950],{"class":56},[50,61402,129],{"class":64},[50,61404,53292],{"class":125},[50,61406,122],{"class":64},[50,61408,69],{"class":68},[50,61410,61411],{"class":72},"bc",[50,61413,69],{"class":68},[50,61415,414],{"class":64},[50,61417,61418],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61419,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61421,61422,61424,61426,61428],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61423,119],{"class":118},[50,61425,122],{"class":64},[50,61427,35950],{"class":125},[50,61429,414],{"class":64},[50,61431,61432],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61433,61434],{"class":146},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61436,61437],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[811,61439,61441],{"id":61440},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[41,61443,61445],{"className":43,"code":61444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61446,61447,61459,61481,61485,61495],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61448,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61450,3647],{"class":56},[50,61452,61],{"class":60},[50,61454,3652],{"class":64},[50,61456,1215],{"class":101},[50,61458,788],{"class":64},[50,61460,61461,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61462,3678],{"class":56},[50,61464,129],{"class":64},[50,61466,53292],{"class":125},[50,61468,122],{"class":64},[50,61470,59816],{"class":118},[50,61472,122],{"class":64},[50,61474,3011],{"class":101},[50,61476,89],{"class":64},[50,61478,2479],{"class":101},[50,61480,1770],{"class":64},[50,61482,61483],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61484,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61486,61487,61489,61491,61493],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61488,119],{"class":118},[50,61490,122],{"class":64},[50,61492,3678],{"class":125},[50,61494,414],{"class":64},[50,61496,61497],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61498,61499],{"class":146},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61501,61502,61505,61506,32,61508,17069,61510,129],{},[15,61503,61504],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61507,3011],{},[15,61509,2076],{},[15,61511,2082],{},[811,61513,61515],{"id":61514},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[41,61517,61519],{"className":43,"code":61518,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61520,61521,61537,61555,61559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61522,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61524,7805],{"class":56},[50,61526,61],{"class":60},[50,61528,3652],{"class":64},[50,61530,3011],{"class":101},[50,61532,89],{"class":64},[50,61534,3016],{"class":101},[50,61536,788],{"class":64},[50,61538,61539,61541,61543,61545,61547,61549,61551,61553],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61540,7836],{"class":56},[50,61542,129],{"class":64},[50,61544,53292],{"class":125},[50,61546,5553],{"class":64},[50,61548,2082],{"class":101},[50,61550,89],{"class":64},[50,61552,2479],{"class":101},[50,61554,30298],{"class":64},[50,61556,61557],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61558,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61560,61561,61563,61565,61567],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61562,119],{"class":118},[50,61564,122],{"class":64},[50,61566,7836],{"class":125},[50,61568,414],{"class":64},[20,61570,61571],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[219,61573,61575],{"id":61574},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61577,61578,35,61580,129],{},[15,61579,53262],{},[15,61581,38],{},[20,61583,61584,61585,78],{},"That means this is ",[997,61586,61587],{},"wrong",[41,61589,61591],{"className":43,"code":61590,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61592,61593,61609,61631,61635,61645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61594,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61596,3647],{"class":56},[50,61598,61],{"class":60},[50,61600,3652],{"class":64},[50,61602,3011],{"class":101},[50,61604,89],{"class":64},[50,61606,3016],{"class":101},[50,61608,788],{"class":64},[50,61610,61611,61613,61615,61617,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61612,2250],{"class":56},[50,61614,61],{"class":60},[50,61616,4287],{"class":56},[50,61618,129],{"class":64},[50,61620,53292],{"class":125},[50,61622,3008],{"class":64},[50,61624,2082],{"class":101},[50,61626,89],{"class":64},[50,61628,2479],{"class":101},[50,61630,3911],{"class":64},[50,61632,61633],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61634,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61636,61637,61639,61641,61643],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61638,119],{"class":118},[50,61640,122],{"class":64},[50,61642,2285],{"class":125},[50,61644,414],{"class":64},[50,61646,61647],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61648,61649],{"class":146},"# None\n",[20,61651,61652],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[41,61654,61656],{"className":43,"code":61655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61657,61658,61674,61696,61700,61710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61659,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668,61670,61672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61661,3647],{"class":56},[50,61663,61],{"class":60},[50,61665,3652],{"class":64},[50,61667,3011],{"class":101},[50,61669,89],{"class":64},[50,61671,3016],{"class":101},[50,61673,788],{"class":64},[50,61675,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61677,3647],{"class":56},[50,61679,61],{"class":60},[50,61681,4287],{"class":56},[50,61683,129],{"class":64},[50,61685,53292],{"class":125},[50,61687,3008],{"class":64},[50,61689,2082],{"class":101},[50,61691,89],{"class":64},[50,61693,2479],{"class":101},[50,61695,3911],{"class":64},[50,61697,61698],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61699,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61701,61702,61704,61706,61708],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61703,119],{"class":118},[50,61705,122],{"class":64},[50,61707,3678],{"class":125},[50,61709,414],{"class":64},[50,61711,61712],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61713,61649],{"class":146},[20,61715,61716],{},"The correct way is:",[41,61718,61719],{"className":43,"code":61156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,61720,61721,61737,61755,61759,61769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61722,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61724,3647],{"class":56},[50,61726,61],{"class":60},[50,61728,3652],{"class":64},[50,61730,3011],{"class":101},[50,61732,89],{"class":64},[50,61734,3016],{"class":101},[50,61736,788],{"class":64},[50,61738,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61740,3678],{"class":56},[50,61742,129],{"class":64},[50,61744,53292],{"class":125},[50,61746,3008],{"class":64},[50,61748,2082],{"class":101},[50,61750,89],{"class":64},[50,61752,2479],{"class":101},[50,61754,3911],{"class":64},[50,61756,61757],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61758,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61760,61761,61763,61765,61767],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61762,119],{"class":118},[50,61764,122],{"class":64},[50,61766,3678],{"class":125},[50,61768,414],{"class":64},[50,61770,61771],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61772,52539],{"class":146},[20,61774,55725,61775,61777],{},[15,61776,53262],{}," first, then use the original list.",[219,61779,4543],{"id":4542},[20,61781,14738,61782,129],{},[15,61783,53262],{},[811,61785,61787,61788,61790],{"id":61786},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61789,53262],{}," to return a new list",[41,61792,61794],{"className":43,"code":61793,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61795,61796,61812,61834,61838,61848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61797,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808,61810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61799,3647],{"class":56},[50,61801,61],{"class":60},[50,61803,3652],{"class":64},[50,61805,3011],{"class":101},[50,61807,89],{"class":64},[50,61809,3016],{"class":101},[50,61811,788],{"class":64},[50,61813,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61815,55458],{"class":56},[50,61817,61],{"class":60},[50,61819,4287],{"class":56},[50,61821,129],{"class":64},[50,61823,53292],{"class":125},[50,61825,3008],{"class":64},[50,61827,2082],{"class":101},[50,61829,89],{"class":64},[50,61831,2479],{"class":101},[50,61833,3911],{"class":64},[50,61835,61836],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61837,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61839,61840,61842,61844,61846],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61841,119],{"class":118},[50,61843,122],{"class":64},[50,61845,55477],{"class":125},[50,61847,414],{"class":64},[50,61849,61850],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61851,61649],{"class":146},[20,61853,61854,61855,129],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61856,53262],{},[811,61858,61860,61861,44442,61863,61865],{"id":61859},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61862,52468],{},[15,61864,53262],{}," is needed",[41,61867,61868],{"className":43,"code":61219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,61869,61870,61886,61904,61908,61918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61871,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61873,3647],{"class":56},[50,61875,61],{"class":60},[50,61877,3652],{"class":64},[50,61879,3011],{"class":101},[50,61881,89],{"class":64},[50,61883,3016],{"class":101},[50,61885,788],{"class":64},[50,61887,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61889,3678],{"class":56},[50,61891,129],{"class":64},[50,61893,13561],{"class":125},[50,61895,3008],{"class":64},[50,61897,2082],{"class":101},[50,61899,89],{"class":64},[50,61901,2479],{"class":101},[50,61903,3911],{"class":64},[50,61905,61906],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61907,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61909,61910,61912,61914,61916],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61911,119],{"class":118},[50,61913,122],{"class":64},[50,61915,3678],{"class":125},[50,61917,414],{"class":64},[50,61919,61920],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61921,61274],{"class":146},[20,61923,61924,61925,53707,61927,6656],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61926,53706],{},[15,61928,53262],{},[811,61930,61932],{"id":61931},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[41,61934,61936],{"className":43,"code":61935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61937,61938,61954,61972,61976,61986],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61939,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61941,4093],{"class":56},[50,61943,61],{"class":60},[50,61945,3652],{"class":64},[50,61947,69],{"class":68},[50,61949,3870],{"class":72},[50,61951,69],{"class":68},[50,61953,788],{"class":64},[50,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61957,4137],{"class":56},[50,61959,129],{"class":64},[50,61961,53292],{"class":125},[50,61963,122],{"class":64},[50,61965,69],{"class":68},[50,61967,60409],{"class":72},[50,61969,69],{"class":68},[50,61971,414],{"class":64},[50,61973,61974],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61975,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61977,61978,61980,61982,61984],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,61979,119],{"class":118},[50,61981,122],{"class":64},[50,61983,4137],{"class":125},[50,61985,414],{"class":64},[50,61987,61988],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,61989,61990],{"class":146},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61992,61993,61994,61997,61998,78],{},"If you want ",[15,61995,61996],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61999,52468],{},[41,62001,62003],{"className":43,"code":62002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62004,62005,62021,62039,62043,62053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62006,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62008,4093],{"class":56},[50,62010,61],{"class":60},[50,62012,3652],{"class":64},[50,62014,69],{"class":68},[50,62016,3870],{"class":72},[50,62018,69],{"class":68},[50,62020,788],{"class":64},[50,62022,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62024,4137],{"class":56},[50,62026,129],{"class":64},[50,62028,13561],{"class":125},[50,62030,122],{"class":64},[50,62032,69],{"class":68},[50,62034,60409],{"class":72},[50,62036,69],{"class":68},[50,62038,414],{"class":64},[50,62040,62041],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62042,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62044,62045,62047,62049,62051],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,62046,119],{"class":118},[50,62048,122],{"class":64},[50,62050,4137],{"class":125},[50,62052,414],{"class":64},[50,62054,62055],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,62056,62057],{"class":146},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[811,62059,62061],{"id":62060},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[41,62063,62065],{"className":43,"code":62064,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62066,62067,62083],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62068,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62070,3647],{"class":56},[50,62072,61],{"class":60},[50,62074,3652],{"class":64},[50,62076,3011],{"class":101},[50,62078,89],{"class":64},[50,62080,3016],{"class":101},[50,62082,788],{"class":64},[50,62084,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62086,3678],{"class":56},[50,62088,129],{"class":64},[50,62090,53292],{"class":125},[50,62092,122],{"class":64},[50,62094,2157],{"class":101},[50,62096,414],{"class":64},[20,62098,39463,62099,6576],{},[15,62100,2157],{},[20,62102,62103,62104,62106,62107,62110],{},"You will get a ",[15,62105,3029],{},". See ",[380,62108,62109],{"href":52415},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62112,62113],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[41,62115,62117],{"className":43,"code":62116,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62118,62119,62129,62143,62155],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62120,62121,62123,62125,62127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62122,119],{"class":118},[50,62124,122],{"class":64},[50,62126,8365],{"class":125},[50,62128,414],{"class":64},[50,62130,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62132,119],{"class":118},[50,62134,122],{"class":64},[50,62136,1780],{"class":1779},[50,62138,122],{"class":64},[50,62140,5382],{"class":125},[50,62142,1770],{"class":64},[50,62144,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62146,119],{"class":118},[50,62148,122],{"class":64},[50,62150,2285],{"class":125},[50,62152,1206],{"class":64},[50,62154,414],{"class":56},[50,62156,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165,62167],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,62158,31955],{"class":118},[50,62160,122],{"class":64},[50,62162,8119],{"class":1779},[50,62164,129],{"class":64},[50,62166,53292],{"class":24549},[50,62168,414],{"class":64},[43392,62170,62171],{},[20,62172,62173,62174,62177,62178,62180,62181,129],{},"Note: ",[15,62175,62176],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62179,1206],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62182,32830],{},[20,62184,62185],{},"Correct debugging example:",[41,62187,62189],{"className":43,"code":62188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62190,62191,62207,62223,62227,62241,62245,62253,62263,62277,62287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62192,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62194,8334],{"class":56},[50,62196,61],{"class":60},[50,62198,3652],{"class":64},[50,62200,3011],{"class":101},[50,62202,89],{"class":64},[50,62204,3016],{"class":101},[50,62206,788],{"class":64},[50,62208,62209,62211,62213,62215,62217,62219,62221],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62210,3848],{"class":56},[50,62212,61],{"class":60},[50,62214,3652],{"class":64},[50,62216,2082],{"class":101},[50,62218,89],{"class":64},[50,62220,2479],{"class":101},[50,62222,788],{"class":64},[50,62224,62225],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62226,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235,62237,62239],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,62230,8365],{"class":56},[50,62232,129],{"class":64},[50,62234,53292],{"class":125},[50,62236,122],{"class":64},[50,62238,5382],{"class":125},[50,62240,414],{"class":64},[50,62242,62243],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,62244,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62246,62247,62249,62251],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,62248,2250],{"class":56},[50,62250,61],{"class":60},[50,62252,48341],{"class":1494},[50,62254,62255,62257,62259,62261],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,62256,119],{"class":118},[50,62258,122],{"class":64},[50,62260,8365],{"class":125},[50,62262,414],{"class":64},[50,62264,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273,62275],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,62266,119],{"class":118},[50,62268,122],{"class":64},[50,62270,1780],{"class":1779},[50,62272,122],{"class":64},[50,62274,5382],{"class":125},[50,62276,1770],{"class":64},[50,62278,62279,62281,62283,62285],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,62280,119],{"class":118},[50,62282,122],{"class":64},[50,62284,2285],{"class":125},[50,62286,414],{"class":64},[50,62288,62289,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299],{"class":52,"line":6461},[50,62290,31955],{"class":118},[50,62292,122],{"class":64},[50,62294,8119],{"class":1779},[50,62296,129],{"class":64},[50,62298,53292],{"class":24549},[50,62300,414],{"class":64},[219,62302,582,62304],{"id":62303},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62305,53262],{},[20,62307,212,62308,6342],{},[15,62309,53262],{},[233,62311,62312,62315,62318],{},[236,62313,62314],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[236,62316,62317],{},"Add multiple values at once",[236,62319,62320],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62322,5495],{},[41,62324,62326],{"className":43,"code":62325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62327,62328,62345,62363,62367,62383,62387,62397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62329,62330,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62331,62332],{"class":56},"all_scores ",[50,62334,61],{"class":60},[50,62336,3652],{"class":64},[50,62338,13510],{"class":101},[50,62340,89],{"class":64},[50,62342,13515],{"class":101},[50,62344,788],{"class":64},[50,62346,62347,62350,62352,62354,62356,62358,62361],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62348,62349],{"class":56},"new_scores ",[50,62351,61],{"class":60},[50,62353,3652],{"class":64},[50,62355,51320],{"class":101},[50,62357,89],{"class":64},[50,62359,62360],{"class":101}," 92",[50,62362,788],{"class":64},[50,62364,62365],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62366,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62368,62369,62372,62374,62376,62378,62381],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,62370,62371],{"class":56},"all_scores",[50,62373,129],{"class":64},[50,62375,53292],{"class":125},[50,62377,122],{"class":64},[50,62379,62380],{"class":125},"new_scores",[50,62382,414],{"class":64},[50,62384,62385],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,62386,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62388,62389,62391,62393,62395],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,62390,119],{"class":118},[50,62392,122],{"class":64},[50,62394,62371],{"class":125},[50,62396,414],{"class":64},[50,62398,62399],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,62400,62401],{"class":146},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62403,62404,62405,62407,62408,129],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62406,52468],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[380,62409,55336,62410,1845],{"href":53724},[15,62411,54084],{},[219,62413,1857],{"id":1856},[811,62415,1861,62417,55285],{"id":62416},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62418,53163],{},[20,62420,62421,62422,129],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62423,38],{},[811,62425,5202,62427,1846,62429,1867],{"id":62426},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62428,53262],{},[15,62430,52468],{},[20,62432,62433,62435,62436,62438],{},[15,62434,53262],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62437,52468],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[811,62440,28129,62442,62444],{"id":62441},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62443,53262],{}," with a string?",[20,62446,62447],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[811,62449,28129,62451,62453],{"id":62450},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62452,53262],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62455,62456],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[811,62458,62460,62461,1867],{"id":62459},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62462,53262],{},[20,62464,62465,62466,62468],{},"You get a ",[15,62467,3029],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[219,62470,1909],{"id":1908},[233,62472,62473,62479,62483,62487,62491,62497,62501],{},[236,62474,62475],{},[380,62476,55336,62477,1845],{"href":56585},[15,62478,52468],{},[236,62480,62481],{},[380,62482,54094],{"href":52864},[236,62484,62485],{},[380,62486,57045],{"href":56970},[236,62488,62489],{},[380,62490,52587],{"href":50794},[236,62492,62493],{},[380,62494,55336,62495,1845],{"href":53724},[15,62496,54084],{},[236,62498,62499],{},[380,62500,62109],{"href":52415},[236,62502,62503],{},[380,62504,55336,62505,1845],{"href":54776},[15,62506,12787],{},[20,62508,62509,62510,62512,62513,62515],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62511,52468],{},", when to use ",[15,62514,54084],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1944,62517,62518],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":62520},[62521,62522,62524,62525,62526,62533,62540,62541,62549,62551,62563],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":60918,"depth":108,"text":62523},"What list.extend() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":60999,"depth":108,"text":61000},{"id":61136,"depth":108,"text":62527,"children":62528},"extend() vs append()",[62529,62531],{"id":61150,"depth":115,"text":62530},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61213,"depth":115,"text":62532},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61299,"depth":108,"text":62534,"children":62535},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62536,62537,62538,62539],{"id":61310,"depth":115,"text":61311},{"id":61374,"depth":115,"text":61375},{"id":61440,"depth":115,"text":61441},{"id":61514,"depth":115,"text":61515},{"id":61574,"depth":108,"text":61575},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":62542},[62543,62545,62547,62548],{"id":61786,"depth":115,"text":62544},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61859,"depth":115,"text":62546},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61931,"depth":115,"text":61932},{"id":62060,"depth":115,"text":62061},{"id":62303,"depth":108,"text":62550},"When to use extend()",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":62552},[62553,62555,62557,62559,62561],{"id":62416,"depth":115,"text":62554},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62426,"depth":115,"text":62556},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62441,"depth":115,"text":62558},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62450,"depth":115,"text":62560},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62459,"depth":115,"text":62562},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60822,"description":62564},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62571,"title":62572,"body":62573,"description":64664,"extension":1981,"meta":64665,"navigation":111,"path":64666,"seo":64667,"stem":64668,"__hash__":64669},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62574,"toc":64627},[62575,62578,62583,62589,62600,62606,62608,62677,62679,62728,62736,62740,62745,62748,62759,62764,62766,62768,62789,62802,62805,62818,62820,62825,62850,62852,62860,62863,62932,62934,62958,62964,62968,62972,63008,63010,63030,63037,63041,63074,63076,63110,63115,63119,63152,63154,63182,63190,63194,63231,63233,63254,63257,63261,63330,63332,63356,63362,63369,63373,63376,63378,63392,63395,63419,63421,63446,63449,63468,63470,63496,63505,63509,63516,63593,63595,63636,63642,63648,63739,63741,63797,63800,63805,63809,63814,63818,63877,63879,63904,63908,63971,63973,63998,64002,64065,64067,64110,64113,64117,64121,64143,64147,64229,64231,64266,64274,64276,64280,64284,64286,64313,64318,64320,64347,64354,64357,64380,64382,64431,64434,64437,64456,64460,64463,64514,64517,64523,64527,64532,64535,64537,64543,64552,64556,64562,64566,64569,64573,64576,64580,64586,64588,64624],[10,62576,62572],{"id":62577},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62579,9152,62580,62582],{},[15,62581,24580],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62584,62585,62586,62588],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62587,24580],{}," for two main reasons:",[233,62590,62591,62594],{},[236,62592,62593],{},"to make an empty list",[236,62595,62596,62597,62599],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62598,59816],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62601,62602,62603,62605],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62604,24580],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[219,62607,2022],{"id":2021},[41,62609,62611],{"className":43,"code":62610,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62612,62613,62635,62653,62657,62667],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62614,62615,62617,62619,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62616,3647],{"class":56},[50,62618,61],{"class":60},[50,62620,22358],{"class":1779},[50,62622,5534],{"class":64},[50,62624,3011],{"class":101},[50,62626,89],{"class":64},[50,62628,3016],{"class":101},[50,62630,89],{"class":64},[50,62632,2473],{"class":101},[50,62634,1770],{"class":64},[50,62636,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649,62651],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62638,35897],{"class":56},[50,62640,61],{"class":60},[50,62642,22358],{"class":1779},[50,62644,122],{"class":64},[50,62646,69],{"class":68},[50,62648,41371],{"class":72},[50,62650,69],{"class":68},[50,62652,414],{"class":64},[50,62654,62655],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62656,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62658,62659,62661,62663,62665],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,62660,119],{"class":118},[50,62662,122],{"class":64},[50,62664,3678],{"class":125},[50,62666,414],{"class":64},[50,62668,62669,62671,62673,62675],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,62670,119],{"class":118},[50,62672,122],{"class":64},[50,62674,35950],{"class":125},[50,62676,414],{"class":64},[20,62678,2091],{},[41,62680,62682],{"className":43,"code":62681,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62683,62684,62700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62685,62686,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62687,779],{"class":64},[50,62689,3011],{"class":101},[50,62691,89],{"class":64},[50,62693,3016],{"class":101},[50,62695,89],{"class":64},[50,62697,2473],{"class":101},[50,62699,788],{"class":64},[50,62701,62702,62704,62706,62708,62710,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720,62722,62724,62726],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62703,779],{"class":64},[50,62705,1736],{"class":68},[50,62707,380],{"class":72},[50,62709,1736],{"class":68},[50,62711,89],{"class":64},[50,62713,3321],{"class":68},[50,62715,4784],{"class":72},[50,62717,1736],{"class":68},[50,62719,89],{"class":64},[50,62721,3321],{"class":68},[50,62723,9763],{"class":72},[50,62725,1736],{"class":68},[50,62727,788],{"class":64},[20,62729,212,62730,62732,62733,62735],{},[15,62731,24580],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62734,59816],{},", set, or dictionary.",[219,62737,62739],{"id":62738},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62741,62742,62744],{},[15,62743,24580],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62746,62747],{},"It can:",[233,62749,62750,62753,62756],{},[236,62751,62752],{},"create a new list object",[236,62754,62755],{},"make an empty list",[236,62757,62758],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62760,62761,62762,129],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[380,62763,52587],{"href":50794},[219,62765,387],{"id":386},[20,62767,26287],{},[41,62769,62771],{"className":43,"code":62770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62772,62773,62779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62774,62775,62777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62776,8119],{"class":1779},[50,62778,8671],{"class":64},[50,62780,62781,62783,62785,62787],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62782,8119],{"class":1779},[50,62784,122],{"class":64},[50,62786,3748],{"class":125},[50,62788,414],{"class":64},[233,62790,62791,62796],{},[236,62792,62793,62795],{},[15,62794,24580],{}," makes an empty list",[236,62797,62798,62801],{},[15,62799,62800],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62803,62804],{},"Common iterable values include:",[233,62806,62807,62809,62811,62813,62816],{},[236,62808,5332],{},[236,62810,5326],{},[236,62812,5329],{},[236,62814,62815],{},"ranges",[236,62817,7276],{},[219,62819,59438],{"id":59437},[20,62821,212,62822,62824],{},[15,62823,24580],{}," with no arguments:",[41,62826,62828],{"className":43,"code":62827,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62829,62830,62840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62831,62832,62834,62836,62838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62833,7805],{"class":56},[50,62835,61],{"class":60},[50,62837,22358],{"class":1779},[50,62839,8671],{"class":64},[50,62841,62842,62844,62846,62848],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62843,119],{"class":118},[50,62845,122],{"class":64},[50,62847,7836],{"class":125},[50,62849,414],{"class":64},[20,62851,2091],{},[41,62853,62854],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,62855,62856],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62857,62858],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62859,38106],{"class":64},[20,62861,62862],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[41,62864,62866],{"className":43,"code":62865,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62867,62868,62878,62882,62900,62918,62922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62869,62870,62872,62874,62876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62871,7805],{"class":56},[50,62873,61],{"class":60},[50,62875,22358],{"class":1779},[50,62877,8671],{"class":64},[50,62879,62880],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62881,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62883,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62885,7836],{"class":56},[50,62887,129],{"class":64},[50,62889,13561],{"class":125},[50,62891,122],{"class":64},[50,62893,69],{"class":68},[50,62895,4102],{"class":72},[50,62897,69],{"class":68},[50,62899,414],{"class":64},[50,62901,62902,62904,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914,62916],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,62903,7836],{"class":56},[50,62905,129],{"class":64},[50,62907,13561],{"class":125},[50,62909,122],{"class":64},[50,62911,69],{"class":68},[50,62913,4111],{"class":72},[50,62915,69],{"class":68},[50,62917,414],{"class":64},[50,62919,62920],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,62921,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62923,62924,62926,62928,62930],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,62925,119],{"class":118},[50,62927,122],{"class":64},[50,62929,7836],{"class":125},[50,62931,414],{"class":64},[20,62933,2091],{},[41,62935,62936],{"className":43,"code":38232,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,62937,62938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62939,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62941,779],{"class":64},[50,62943,1736],{"class":68},[50,62945,4102],{"class":72},[50,62947,1736],{"class":68},[50,62949,89],{"class":64},[50,62951,3321],{"class":68},[50,62953,4111],{"class":72},[50,62955,1736],{"class":68},[50,62957,788],{"class":64},[20,62959,62960,62961,62963],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62962,1234],{},". Both are valid.",[219,62965,62967],{"id":62966},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[811,62969,62971],{"id":62970},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[41,62973,62974],{"className":43,"code":59736,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,62975,62976,62998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62977,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990,62992,62994,62996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62979,3647],{"class":56},[50,62981,61],{"class":60},[50,62983,22358],{"class":1779},[50,62985,5534],{"class":64},[50,62987,3011],{"class":101},[50,62989,89],{"class":64},[50,62991,3016],{"class":101},[50,62993,89],{"class":64},[50,62995,2473],{"class":101},[50,62997,1770],{"class":64},[50,62999,63000,63002,63004,63006],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63001,119],{"class":118},[50,63003,122],{"class":64},[50,63005,3678],{"class":125},[50,63007,414],{"class":64},[20,63009,2091],{},[41,63011,63012],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63013,63014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63015,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63017,779],{"class":64},[50,63019,3011],{"class":101},[50,63021,89],{"class":64},[50,63023,3016],{"class":101},[50,63025,89],{"class":64},[50,63027,2473],{"class":101},[50,63029,788],{"class":64},[20,63031,63032,63033,129],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[380,63034,63036],{"href":63035},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[811,63038,63040],{"id":63039},"string-to-list","String to list",[41,63042,63044],{"className":43,"code":63043,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63045,63046,63064],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63047,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63049,35897],{"class":56},[50,63051,61],{"class":60},[50,63053,22358],{"class":1779},[50,63055,122],{"class":64},[50,63057,69],{"class":68},[50,63059,36855],{"class":72},[50,63061,69],{"class":68},[50,63063,414],{"class":64},[50,63065,63066,63068,63070,63072],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63067,119],{"class":118},[50,63069,122],{"class":64},[50,63071,35950],{"class":125},[50,63073,414],{"class":64},[20,63075,2091],{},[41,63077,63079],{"className":43,"code":63078,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63080,63081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63082,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63106,63108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63084,779],{"class":64},[50,63086,1736],{"class":68},[50,63088,9763],{"class":72},[50,63090,1736],{"class":68},[50,63092,89],{"class":64},[50,63094,3321],{"class":68},[50,63096,380],{"class":72},[50,63098,1736],{"class":68},[50,63100,89],{"class":64},[50,63102,3321],{"class":68},[50,63104,63105],{"class":72},"t",[50,63107,1736],{"class":68},[50,63109,788],{"class":64},[20,63111,63112,63114],{},[15,63113,24580],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[811,63116,63118],{"id":63117},"range-to-list","Range to list",[41,63120,63122],{"className":43,"code":63121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63123,63124,63142],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63125,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63127,3647],{"class":56},[50,63129,61],{"class":60},[50,63131,22358],{"class":1779},[50,63133,122],{"class":64},[50,63135,59816],{"class":118},[50,63137,122],{"class":64},[50,63139,2157],{"class":101},[50,63141,1770],{"class":64},[50,63143,63144,63146,63148,63150],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63145,119],{"class":118},[50,63147,122],{"class":64},[50,63149,3678],{"class":125},[50,63151,414],{"class":64},[20,63153,2091],{},[41,63155,63156],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63157,63158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63159,63160,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63161,779],{"class":64},[50,63163,1215],{"class":101},[50,63165,89],{"class":64},[50,63167,5521],{"class":101},[50,63169,89],{"class":64},[50,63171,3016],{"class":101},[50,63173,89],{"class":64},[50,63175,2473],{"class":101},[50,63177,89],{"class":64},[50,63179,2479],{"class":101},[50,63181,788],{"class":64},[20,63183,63184,63185,63189],{},"This is common when working with ",[380,63186,63187],{"href":36002},[15,63188,36005],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[811,63191,63193],{"id":63192},"set-to-list","Set to list",[41,63195,63197],{"className":43,"code":63196,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63198,63199,63221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63200,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63202,3848],{"class":56},[50,63204,61],{"class":60},[50,63206,22358],{"class":1779},[50,63208,5553],{"class":64},[50,63210,2352],{"class":101},[50,63212,89],{"class":64},[50,63214,7816],{"class":101},[50,63216,89],{"class":64},[50,63218,7821],{"class":101},[50,63220,30298],{"class":64},[50,63222,63223,63225,63227,63229],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63224,119],{"class":118},[50,63226,122],{"class":64},[50,63228,5382],{"class":125},[50,63230,414],{"class":64},[20,63232,16957],{},[41,63234,63236],{"className":43,"code":63235,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63237,63238],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63239,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63241,779],{"class":64},[50,63243,2352],{"class":101},[50,63245,89],{"class":64},[50,63247,7816],{"class":101},[50,63249,89],{"class":64},[50,63251,7821],{"class":101},[50,63253,788],{"class":64},[20,63255,63256],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[811,63258,63260],{"id":63259},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[41,63262,63264],{"className":43,"code":63263,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63265,63266,63302,63316,63320],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63267,63268,63270,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63269,57],{"class":56},[50,63271,61],{"class":60},[50,63273,65],{"class":64},[50,63275,69],{"class":68},[50,63277,73],{"class":72},[50,63279,69],{"class":68},[50,63281,78],{"class":64},[50,63283,81],{"class":68},[50,63285,84],{"class":72},[50,63287,69],{"class":68},[50,63289,89],{"class":64},[50,63291,81],{"class":68},[50,63293,94],{"class":72},[50,63295,69],{"class":68},[50,63297,78],{"class":64},[50,63299,102],{"class":101},[50,63301,105],{"class":64},[50,63303,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63305,2250],{"class":56},[50,63307,61],{"class":60},[50,63309,22358],{"class":1779},[50,63311,122],{"class":64},[50,63313,126],{"class":125},[50,63315,414],{"class":64},[50,63317,63318],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63319,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63321,63322,63324,63326,63328],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,63323,119],{"class":118},[50,63325,122],{"class":64},[50,63327,2285],{"class":125},[50,63329,414],{"class":64},[20,63331,2091],{},[41,63333,63334],{"className":43,"code":25280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63335,63336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63337,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63339,779],{"class":64},[50,63341,1736],{"class":68},[50,63343,73],{"class":72},[50,63345,1736],{"class":68},[50,63347,89],{"class":64},[50,63349,3321],{"class":68},[50,63351,94],{"class":72},[50,63353,1736],{"class":68},[50,63355,788],{"class":64},[20,63357,63358,63359,63361],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63360,24580],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63363,63364,63365,129],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[380,63366,63368],{"href":63367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[219,63370,63372],{"id":63371},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63374,63375],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63377,60973],{},[233,63379,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390],{},[236,63381,5323],{},[236,63383,5326],{},[236,63385,5332],{},[236,63387,5329],{},[236,63389,62815],{},[236,63391,7276],{},[20,63393,63394],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[41,63396,63398],{"className":43,"code":63397,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63399,63400],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63401,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63415,63417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63403,119],{"class":118},[50,63405,122],{"class":64},[50,63407,8119],{"class":1779},[50,63409,122],{"class":64},[50,63411,69],{"class":68},[50,63413,63414],{"class":72},"hi",[50,63416,69],{"class":68},[50,63418,1770],{"class":64},[20,63420,2091],{},[41,63422,63424],{"className":43,"code":63423,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63425,63426],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63427,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63429,779],{"class":64},[50,63431,1736],{"class":68},[50,63433,60256],{"class":72},[50,63435,1736],{"class":68},[50,63437,89],{"class":64},[50,63439,3321],{"class":68},[50,63441,35961],{"class":72},[50,63443,1736],{"class":68},[50,63445,788],{"class":64},[20,63447,63448],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[41,63450,63452],{"className":43,"code":63451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63453,63454],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63455,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63457,119],{"class":118},[50,63459,122],{"class":64},[50,63461,8119],{"class":1779},[50,63463,122],{"class":64},[50,63465,2157],{"class":101},[50,63467,1770],{"class":64},[20,63469,2091],{},[41,63471,63473],{"className":43,"code":63472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63474,63475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63476,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63478,3029],{"class":1779},[50,63480,78],{"class":64},[50,63482,3321],{"class":68},[50,63484,2209],{"class":72},[50,63486,1736],{"class":68},[50,63488,24416],{"class":1779},[50,63490,8122],{"class":60},[50,63492,8125],{"class":60},[50,63494,63495],{"class":56}," iterable\n",[20,63497,63498,63499,63501,63502,129],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[380,63500,5158],{"href":5610},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[380,63503,63504],{"href":52415},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[219,63506,63508],{"id":63507},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63510,63511,63512,63515],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63513,63514],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[41,63517,63519],{"className":43,"code":63518,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63520,63521,63541,63555,63559,63569,63579],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63522,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63524,12099],{"class":56},[50,63526,61],{"class":60},[50,63528,3652],{"class":64},[50,63530,3011],{"class":101},[50,63532,89],{"class":64},[50,63534,3016],{"class":101},[50,63536,89],{"class":64},[50,63538,2473],{"class":101},[50,63540,788],{"class":64},[50,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63544,14317],{"class":56},[50,63546,61],{"class":60},[50,63548,22358],{"class":1779},[50,63550,122],{"class":64},[50,63552,12146],{"class":125},[50,63554,414],{"class":64},[50,63556,63557],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63558,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63560,63561,63563,63565,63567],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,63562,119],{"class":118},[50,63564,122],{"class":64},[50,63566,12146],{"class":125},[50,63568,414],{"class":64},[50,63570,63571,63573,63575,63577],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,63572,119],{"class":118},[50,63574,122],{"class":64},[50,63576,14336],{"class":125},[50,63578,414],{"class":64},[50,63580,63581,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,63582,119],{"class":118},[50,63584,122],{"class":64},[50,63586,12099],{"class":125},[50,63588,12207],{"class":1622},[50,63590,14390],{"class":125},[50,63592,414],{"class":64},[20,63594,2091],{},[41,63596,63598],{"className":43,"code":63597,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63599,63600,63616,63632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63601,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63603,779],{"class":64},[50,63605,3011],{"class":101},[50,63607,89],{"class":64},[50,63609,3016],{"class":101},[50,63611,89],{"class":64},[50,63613,2473],{"class":101},[50,63615,788],{"class":64},[50,63617,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63619,779],{"class":64},[50,63621,3011],{"class":101},[50,63623,89],{"class":64},[50,63625,3016],{"class":101},[50,63627,89],{"class":64},[50,63629,2473],{"class":101},[50,63631,788],{"class":64},[50,63633,63634],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63635,4063],{"class":1494},[20,63637,63638,63639,63641],{},"This means ",[15,63640,14336],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63643,63644,63645,63647],{},"However, this is only a ",[997,63646,12861],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[41,63649,63651],{"className":43,"code":63650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63652,63653,63679,63693,63697,63715,63719,63729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63654,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63656,12099],{"class":56},[50,63658,61],{"class":60},[50,63660,56110],{"class":64},[50,63662,3011],{"class":101},[50,63664,89],{"class":64},[50,63666,3016],{"class":101},[50,63668,18055],{"class":64},[50,63670,3652],{"class":64},[50,63672,2082],{"class":101},[50,63674,89],{"class":64},[50,63676,2479],{"class":101},[50,63678,53058],{"class":64},[50,63680,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63682,14317],{"class":56},[50,63684,61],{"class":60},[50,63686,22358],{"class":1779},[50,63688,122],{"class":64},[50,63690,12146],{"class":125},[50,63692,414],{"class":64},[50,63694,63695],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63696,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63698,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,63700,14336],{"class":56},[50,63702,779],{"class":64},[50,63704,1215],{"class":101},[50,63706,13558],{"class":64},[50,63708,13561],{"class":125},[50,63710,122],{"class":64},[50,63712,56163],{"class":101},[50,63714,414],{"class":64},[50,63716,63717],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,63718,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63720,63721,63723,63725,63727],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,63722,119],{"class":118},[50,63724,122],{"class":64},[50,63726,12146],{"class":125},[50,63728,414],{"class":64},[50,63730,63731,63733,63735,63737],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,63732,119],{"class":118},[50,63734,122],{"class":64},[50,63736,14336],{"class":125},[50,63738,414],{"class":64},[20,63740,2091],{},[41,63742,63743],{"className":43,"code":56194,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63744,63745,63771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63746,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63748,56201],{"class":64},[50,63750,3011],{"class":101},[50,63752,89],{"class":64},[50,63754,3016],{"class":101},[50,63756,89],{"class":64},[50,63758,10221],{"class":101},[50,63760,18055],{"class":64},[50,63762,3652],{"class":64},[50,63764,2082],{"class":101},[50,63766,89],{"class":64},[50,63768,2479],{"class":101},[50,63770,53058],{"class":64},[50,63772,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63774,56201],{"class":64},[50,63776,3011],{"class":101},[50,63778,89],{"class":64},[50,63780,3016],{"class":101},[50,63782,89],{"class":64},[50,63784,10221],{"class":101},[50,63786,18055],{"class":64},[50,63788,3652],{"class":64},[50,63790,2082],{"class":101},[50,63792,89],{"class":64},[50,63794,2479],{"class":101},[50,63796,53058],{"class":64},[20,63798,63799],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63801,63802,63803,129],{},"For more on this, see ",[380,63804,13798],{"href":13797},[219,63806,63808],{"id":63807},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63810,63811,63812,129],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63813,24580],{},[811,63815,63817],{"id":63816},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[41,63819,63821],{"className":43,"code":63820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63822,63823,63863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63824,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63826,263],{"class":56},[50,63828,61],{"class":60},[50,63830,65],{"class":64},[50,63832,69],{"class":68},[50,63834,73],{"class":72},[50,63836,69],{"class":68},[50,63838,78],{"class":64},[50,63840,81],{"class":68},[50,63842,1051],{"class":72},[50,63844,69],{"class":68},[50,63846,89],{"class":64},[50,63848,81],{"class":68},[50,63850,289],{"class":72},[50,63852,69],{"class":68},[50,63854,78],{"class":64},[50,63856,81],{"class":68},[50,63858,22043],{"class":72},[50,63860,69],{"class":68},[50,63862,105],{"class":64},[50,63864,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63866,119],{"class":118},[50,63868,122],{"class":64},[50,63870,8119],{"class":1779},[50,63872,122],{"class":64},[50,63874,311],{"class":125},[50,63876,1770],{"class":64},[20,63878,2091],{},[41,63880,63882],{"className":43,"code":63881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63883,63884],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63885,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63887,779],{"class":64},[50,63889,1736],{"class":68},[50,63891,73],{"class":72},[50,63893,1736],{"class":68},[50,63895,89],{"class":64},[50,63897,3321],{"class":68},[50,63899,289],{"class":72},[50,63901,1736],{"class":68},[50,63903,788],{"class":64},[811,63905,63907],{"id":63906},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[41,63909,63911],{"className":43,"code":63910,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63912,63913,63953],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63914,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63916,263],{"class":56},[50,63918,61],{"class":60},[50,63920,65],{"class":64},[50,63922,69],{"class":68},[50,63924,73],{"class":72},[50,63926,69],{"class":68},[50,63928,78],{"class":64},[50,63930,81],{"class":68},[50,63932,1051],{"class":72},[50,63934,69],{"class":68},[50,63936,89],{"class":64},[50,63938,81],{"class":68},[50,63940,289],{"class":72},[50,63942,69],{"class":68},[50,63944,78],{"class":64},[50,63946,81],{"class":68},[50,63948,22043],{"class":72},[50,63950,69],{"class":68},[50,63952,105],{"class":64},[50,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63956,119],{"class":118},[50,63958,122],{"class":64},[50,63960,8119],{"class":1779},[50,63962,122],{"class":64},[50,63964,311],{"class":125},[50,63966,129],{"class":64},[50,63968,5382],{"class":125},[50,63970,6314],{"class":64},[20,63972,2091],{},[41,63974,63976],{"className":43,"code":63975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63977,63978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63979,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63981,779],{"class":64},[50,63983,1736],{"class":68},[50,63985,1051],{"class":72},[50,63987,1736],{"class":68},[50,63989,89],{"class":64},[50,63991,3321],{"class":68},[50,63993,22043],{"class":72},[50,63995,1736],{"class":68},[50,63997,788],{"class":64},[811,63999,64001],{"id":64000},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[41,64003,64005],{"className":43,"code":64004,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64006,64007,64047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64008,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64010,263],{"class":56},[50,64012,61],{"class":60},[50,64014,65],{"class":64},[50,64016,69],{"class":68},[50,64018,73],{"class":72},[50,64020,69],{"class":68},[50,64022,78],{"class":64},[50,64024,81],{"class":68},[50,64026,1051],{"class":72},[50,64028,69],{"class":68},[50,64030,89],{"class":64},[50,64032,81],{"class":68},[50,64034,289],{"class":72},[50,64036,69],{"class":68},[50,64038,78],{"class":64},[50,64040,81],{"class":68},[50,64042,22043],{"class":72},[50,64044,69],{"class":68},[50,64046,105],{"class":64},[50,64048,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,64050,119],{"class":118},[50,64052,122],{"class":64},[50,64054,8119],{"class":1779},[50,64056,122],{"class":64},[50,64058,311],{"class":125},[50,64060,129],{"class":64},[50,64062,7836],{"class":125},[50,64064,6314],{"class":64},[20,64066,2091],{},[41,64068,64070],{"className":43,"code":64069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64071,64072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64073,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64075,21538],{"class":64},[50,64077,1736],{"class":68},[50,64079,73],{"class":72},[50,64081,1736],{"class":68},[50,64083,89],{"class":64},[50,64085,3321],{"class":68},[50,64087,1051],{"class":72},[50,64089,1736],{"class":68},[50,64091,9259],{"class":64},[50,64093,9262],{"class":64},[50,64095,1736],{"class":68},[50,64097,289],{"class":72},[50,64099,1736],{"class":68},[50,64101,89],{"class":64},[50,64103,3321],{"class":68},[50,64105,22043],{"class":72},[50,64107,1736],{"class":68},[50,64109,9275],{"class":64},[20,64111,64112],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[219,64114,64116],{"id":64115},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64118,212,64119,589],{},[15,64120,24580],{},[233,64122,64123,64131,64140],{},[236,64124,64125,64126,2901,64128],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64127,52468],{},[15,64129,64130],{},"sort()",[236,64132,64133,64134,2901,64136,64139],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64135,36005],{},[15,64137,64138],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[236,64141,64142],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64144,45853,64145,78],{},[15,64146,64138],{},[41,64148,64150],{"className":43,"code":64149,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64151,64152,64176,64192,64196,64219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64153,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64155,5018],{"class":56},[50,64157,61],{"class":60},[50,64159,3652],{"class":64},[50,64161,69],{"class":68},[50,64163,84],{"class":72},[50,64165,69],{"class":68},[50,64167,89],{"class":64},[50,64169,81],{"class":68},[50,64171,35747],{"class":72},[50,64173,69],{"class":68},[50,64175,788],{"class":64},[50,64177,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,64179,1128],{"class":56},[50,64181,61],{"class":60},[50,64183,3652],{"class":64},[50,64185,13510],{"class":101},[50,64187,89],{"class":64},[50,64189,13515],{"class":101},[50,64191,788],{"class":64},[50,64193,64194],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,64195,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,64197,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,64199,9241],{"class":56},[50,64201,61],{"class":60},[50,64203,22358],{"class":1779},[50,64205,122],{"class":64},[50,64207,64208],{"class":118},"zip",[50,64210,122],{"class":64},[50,64212,5062],{"class":125},[50,64214,89],{"class":64},[50,64216,1174],{"class":125},[50,64218,1770],{"class":64},[50,64220,64221,64223,64225,64227],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,64222,119],{"class":118},[50,64224,122],{"class":64},[50,64226,9288],{"class":125},[50,64228,414],{"class":64},[20,64230,2091],{},[41,64232,64234],{"className":43,"code":64233,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64235,64236],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64237,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64239,21538],{"class":64},[50,64241,1736],{"class":68},[50,64243,84],{"class":72},[50,64245,1736],{"class":68},[50,64247,89],{"class":64},[50,64249,296],{"class":101},[50,64251,9259],{"class":64},[50,64253,9262],{"class":64},[50,64255,1736],{"class":68},[50,64257,35747],{"class":72},[50,64259,1736],{"class":68},[50,64261,89],{"class":64},[50,64263,13515],{"class":101},[50,64265,9275],{"class":64},[20,64267,64268,64269,64271,64272,129],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64270,52468],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[380,64273,52865],{"href":52864},[219,64275,4543],{"id":4542},[20,64277,56592,64278,129],{},[15,64279,24580],{},[811,64281,64283],{"id":64282},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64285,4550],{},[41,64287,64289],{"className":43,"code":64288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64290,64291,64295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64292,64293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64294,4560],{"class":146},[50,64296,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,64298,8119],{"class":1779},[50,64300,122],{"class":64},[50,64302,3011],{"class":101},[50,64304,89],{"class":64},[50,64306,3016],{"class":101},[50,64308,89],{"class":64},[50,64310,2473],{"class":101},[50,64312,414],{"class":64},[20,64314,64315,64317],{},[15,64316,24580],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64319,990],{},[41,64321,64323],{"className":43,"code":64322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64324,64325],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64326,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64328,119],{"class":118},[50,64330,122],{"class":64},[50,64332,8119],{"class":1779},[50,64334,5534],{"class":64},[50,64336,3011],{"class":101},[50,64338,89],{"class":64},[50,64340,3016],{"class":101},[50,64342,89],{"class":64},[50,64344,2473],{"class":101},[50,64346,1799],{"class":64},[811,64348,64350,64351],{"id":64349},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[50,64352,64353],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64355,64356],{},"This is a common surprise:",[41,64358,64360],{"className":43,"code":64359,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64361,64362],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64363,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64365,119],{"class":118},[50,64367,122],{"class":64},[50,64369,8119],{"class":1779},[50,64371,122],{"class":64},[50,64373,69],{"class":68},[50,64375,3870],{"class":72},[50,64377,69],{"class":68},[50,64379,1770],{"class":64},[20,64381,2091],{},[41,64383,64385],{"className":43,"code":64384,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64386,64387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64388,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64390,779],{"class":64},[50,64392,1736],{"class":68},[50,64394,60256],{"class":72},[50,64396,1736],{"class":68},[50,64398,89],{"class":64},[50,64400,3321],{"class":68},[50,64402,60265],{"class":72},[50,64404,1736],{"class":68},[50,64406,89],{"class":64},[50,64408,3321],{"class":68},[50,64410,60274],{"class":72},[50,64412,1736],{"class":68},[50,64414,89],{"class":64},[50,64416,3321],{"class":68},[50,64418,60274],{"class":72},[50,64420,1736],{"class":68},[50,64422,89],{"class":64},[50,64424,3321],{"class":68},[50,64426,60291],{"class":72},[50,64428,1736],{"class":68},[50,64430,788],{"class":64},[20,64432,64433],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64435,64436],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[41,64438,64440],{"className":43,"code":64439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64441,64442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64443,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64445,119],{"class":118},[50,64447,3008],{"class":64},[50,64449,69],{"class":68},[50,64451,3870],{"class":72},[50,64453,69],{"class":68},[50,64455,3911],{"class":64},[811,64457,64459],{"id":64458},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64461,64462],{},"This:",[41,64464,64466],{"className":43,"code":64465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64467,64468,64500],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64469,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64471,829],{"class":56},[50,64473,61],{"class":60},[50,64475,65],{"class":64},[50,64477,69],{"class":68},[50,64479,380],{"class":72},[50,64481,69],{"class":68},[50,64483,78],{"class":64},[50,64485,5521],{"class":101},[50,64487,89],{"class":64},[50,64489,81],{"class":68},[50,64491,4784],{"class":72},[50,64493,69],{"class":68},[50,64495,78],{"class":64},[50,64497,3016],{"class":101},[50,64499,105],{"class":64},[50,64501,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,64503,119],{"class":118},[50,64505,122],{"class":64},[50,64507,8119],{"class":1779},[50,64509,122],{"class":64},[50,64511,776],{"class":125},[50,64513,1770],{"class":64},[20,64515,64516],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64518,212,64519,64522],{},[15,64520,64521],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[811,64524,64526],{"id":64525},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64528,64529,64531],{},[15,64530,24580],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64533,64534],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[219,64536,1857],{"id":1856},[811,64538,5202,64540,64542],{"id":64539},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[50,64541],{}," and list()?",[20,64544,64545,64546,64548,64549,64551],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64547,1234],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64550,24580],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[811,64553,64555],{"id":64554},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64557,64558,64559,64561],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64560,24580],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[811,64563,64565],{"id":64564},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64567,64568],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[811,64570,64572],{"id":64571},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64574,64575],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[811,64577,64579],{"id":64578},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64581,64582,64583,64585],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64584,24580],{}," cannot loop through it.",[219,64587,1909],{"id":1908},[233,64589,64590,64594,64599,64603,64607,64611,64615,64620],{},[236,64591,64592],{},[380,64593,52587],{"href":50794},[236,64595,64596],{},[380,64597,64598],{"href":36002},"Python range() function explained",[236,64600,64601],{},[380,64602,63036],{"href":63035},[236,64604,64605],{},[380,64606,63368],{"href":63367},[236,64608,64609],{},[380,64610,5239],{"href":5610},[236,64612,64613],{},[380,64614,13798],{"href":13797},[236,64616,64617],{},[380,64618,64619],{"href":52415},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[236,64621,64622],{},[380,64623,54094],{"href":52864},[1944,64625,64626],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":64628},[64629,64630,64631,64632,64633,64640,64641,64642,64647,64648,64655,64663],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":62738,"depth":108,"text":62739},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":59437,"depth":108,"text":59438},{"id":62966,"depth":108,"text":62967,"children":64634},[64635,64636,64637,64638,64639],{"id":62970,"depth":115,"text":62971},{"id":63039,"depth":115,"text":63040},{"id":63117,"depth":115,"text":63118},{"id":63192,"depth":115,"text":63193},{"id":63259,"depth":115,"text":63260},{"id":63371,"depth":108,"text":63372},{"id":63507,"depth":108,"text":63508},{"id":63807,"depth":108,"text":63808,"children":64643},[64644,64645,64646],{"id":63816,"depth":115,"text":63817},{"id":63906,"depth":115,"text":63907},{"id":64000,"depth":115,"text":64001},{"id":64115,"depth":108,"text":64116},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":64649},[64650,64651,64653,64654],{"id":64282,"depth":115,"text":64283},{"id":64349,"depth":115,"text":64652},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64458,"depth":115,"text":64459},{"id":64525,"depth":115,"text":64526},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":64656},[64657,64659,64660,64661,64662],{"id":64539,"depth":115,"text":64658},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64554,"depth":115,"text":64555},{"id":64564,"depth":115,"text":64565},{"id":64571,"depth":115,"text":64572},{"id":64578,"depth":115,"text":64579},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62572,"description":64664},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64671,"title":64672,"body":64673,"description":66024,"extension":1981,"meta":66025,"navigation":111,"path":66026,"seo":66027,"stem":66028,"__hash__":66029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64674,"toc":65998},[64675,64680,64686,64695,64697,64770,64779,64784,64788,64804,64808,64810,64812,64831,64834,64862,64865,64890,64898,64900,64905,64912,64914,64971,64973,64981,64987,64991,64994,65067,65069,65077,65080,65103,65110,65116,65120,65126,65197,65199,65207,65216,65223,65230,65238,65382,65384,65401,65404,65443,65446,65450,65455,65457,65516,65522,65525,65632,65634,65649,65652,65659,65661,65665,65813,65816,65877,65880,65883,65904,65909,65913,65924,65927,65929,65934,65937,65945,65950,65956,65959,65965,65973,65975,65995],[10,64676,54158,64678,18],{"id":64677},"python-list-index-method",[15,64679,58785],{},[20,64681,64682,64685],{},[15,64683,64684],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64687,64688,64689,64692,64693,129],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[997,64690,64691],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64694,40514],{},[219,64696,3637],{"id":3636},[41,64698,64700],{"className":43,"code":64699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64701,64702,64734,64757],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64703,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64705,7805],{"class":56},[50,64707,61],{"class":60},[50,64709,3652],{"class":64},[50,64711,69],{"class":68},[50,64713,4102],{"class":72},[50,64715,69],{"class":68},[50,64717,89],{"class":64},[50,64719,81],{"class":68},[50,64721,4111],{"class":72},[50,64723,69],{"class":68},[50,64725,89],{"class":64},[50,64727,81],{"class":68},[50,64729,4120],{"class":72},[50,64731,69],{"class":68},[50,64733,788],{"class":64},[50,64735,64736,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,64737,64738],{"class":56},"position ",[50,64740,61],{"class":60},[50,64742,5990],{"class":56},[50,64744,129],{"class":64},[50,64746,35652],{"class":125},[50,64748,122],{"class":64},[50,64750,69],{"class":68},[50,64752,4111],{"class":72},[50,64754,69],{"class":68},[50,64756,414],{"class":64},[50,64758,64759,64761,64763,64766,64768],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,64760,119],{"class":118},[50,64762,122],{"class":64},[50,64764,64765],{"class":125},"position",[50,64767,1206],{"class":64},[50,64769,27580],{"class":146},[20,64771,212,64772,64775,64776,64778],{},[15,64773,64774],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64777,40514],{}," if the item is not found.",[219,64780,222,64782,225],{"id":64781},"what-listindex-does",[15,64783,64684],{},[20,64785,64786,78],{},[15,64787,64684],{},[233,64789,64790,64793,64796,64801],{},[236,64791,64792],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[236,64794,64795],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[236,64797,64798,64799],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64800,1215],{},[236,64802,64803],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64805,54383,64806,129],{},[380,64807,52587],{"href":54386},[219,64809,387],{"id":386},[20,64811,30527],{},[41,64813,64815],{"className":43,"code":64814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64816,64817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64818,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64820,8365],{"class":56},[50,64822,129],{"class":64},[50,64824,35652],{"class":125},[50,64826,122],{"class":64},[50,64828,2495],{"class":125},[50,64830,414],{"class":64},[20,64832,64833],{},"You can also limit the search:",[41,64835,64837],{"className":43,"code":64836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64838,64839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64840,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64842,8365],{"class":56},[50,64844,129],{"class":64},[50,64846,35652],{"class":125},[50,64848,122],{"class":64},[50,64850,2495],{"class":125},[50,64852,89],{"class":64},[50,64854,35858],{"class":125},[50,64856,89],{"class":64},[50,64858,64859],{"class":125}," end",[50,64861,414],{"class":64},[20,64863,64864],{},"Here is what each part means:",[233,64866,64867,64872,64877,64882],{},[236,64868,64869,64871],{},[15,64870,2495],{},": the item to search for",[236,64873,64874,64876],{},[15,64875,35879],{},": where the search begins",[236,64878,64879,64881],{},[15,64880,52476],{},": where the search stops",[236,64883,64884,4807,64886,64889],{},[15,64885,52476],{},[997,64887,64888],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64891,64892,64893,64895,64896,129],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64894,35879],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64897,52476],{},[219,64899,37829],{"id":37828},[20,64901,64902,64904],{},[15,64903,64684],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64906,64907,64908,64911],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[997,64909,64910],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64913,253],{},[41,64915,64917],{"className":43,"code":64916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64918,64919,64939,64957,64961],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64920,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64922,3647],{"class":56},[50,64924,61],{"class":60},[50,64926,3652],{"class":64},[50,64928,2352],{"class":101},[50,64930,89],{"class":64},[50,64932,7816],{"class":101},[50,64934,89],{"class":64},[50,64936,7821],{"class":101},[50,64938,788],{"class":64},[50,64940,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,64942,2250],{"class":56},[50,64944,61],{"class":60},[50,64946,4287],{"class":56},[50,64948,129],{"class":64},[50,64950,35652],{"class":125},[50,64952,122],{"class":64},[50,64954,15755],{"class":101},[50,64956,414],{"class":64},[50,64958,64959],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,64960,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,64962,64963,64965,64967,64969],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,64964,119],{"class":118},[50,64966,122],{"class":64},[50,64968,2285],{"class":125},[50,64970,414],{"class":64},[20,64972,2091],{},[41,64974,64975],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,64976,64977],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64978,64979],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64980,46730],{"class":101},[20,64982,64983,64984,64986],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64985,58785],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[219,64988,64990],{"id":64989},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64992,64993],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[41,64995,64997],{"className":43,"code":64996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64998,64999,65031,65053,65057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65000,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65002,36046],{"class":56},[50,65004,61],{"class":60},[50,65006,3652],{"class":64},[50,65008,69],{"class":68},[50,65010,4102],{"class":72},[50,65012,69],{"class":68},[50,65014,89],{"class":64},[50,65016,81],{"class":68},[50,65018,4111],{"class":72},[50,65020,69],{"class":68},[50,65022,89],{"class":64},[50,65024,81],{"class":68},[50,65026,4120],{"class":72},[50,65028,69],{"class":68},[50,65030,788],{"class":64},[50,65032,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65034,64738],{"class":56},[50,65036,61],{"class":60},[50,65038,52667],{"class":56},[50,65040,129],{"class":64},[50,65042,35652],{"class":125},[50,65044,122],{"class":64},[50,65046,69],{"class":68},[50,65048,4120],{"class":72},[50,65050,69],{"class":68},[50,65052,414],{"class":64},[50,65054,65055],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65056,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65058,65059,65061,65063,65065],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,65060,119],{"class":118},[50,65062,122],{"class":64},[50,65064,64765],{"class":125},[50,65066,414],{"class":64},[20,65068,2091],{},[41,65070,65071],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,65072,65073],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65074,65075],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65076,17055],{"class":101},[20,65078,65079],{},"In this list:",[233,65081,65082,65089,65096],{},[236,65083,65084,65086,65087],{},[15,65085,57650],{}," is at index ",[15,65088,1215],{},[236,65090,65091,65086,65094],{},[15,65092,65093],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65095,3011],{},[236,65097,65098,65086,65101],{},[15,65099,65100],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65102,2076],{},[20,65104,53469,65105,35,65108,129],{},[15,65106,65107],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65109,2076],{},[20,65111,51358,65112,129],{},[380,65113,65115],{"href":65114},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[219,65117,65119],{"id":65118},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65121,65122,65123,65125],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65124,58785],{}," returns the first match only.",[41,65127,65129],{"className":43,"code":65128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65130,65131,65171,65175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65132,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65134,13084],{"class":56},[50,65136,61],{"class":60},[50,65138,3652],{"class":64},[50,65140,69],{"class":68},[50,65142,13101],{"class":72},[50,65144,69],{"class":68},[50,65146,89],{"class":64},[50,65148,81],{"class":68},[50,65150,13118],{"class":72},[50,65152,69],{"class":68},[50,65154,89],{"class":64},[50,65156,81],{"class":68},[50,65158,13101],{"class":72},[50,65160,69],{"class":68},[50,65162,89],{"class":64},[50,65164,81],{"class":68},[50,65166,17448],{"class":72},[50,65168,69],{"class":68},[50,65170,788],{"class":64},[50,65172,65173],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65174,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65176,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65178,119],{"class":118},[50,65180,122],{"class":64},[50,65182,17495],{"class":125},[50,65184,129],{"class":64},[50,65186,35652],{"class":125},[50,65188,122],{"class":64},[50,65190,69],{"class":68},[50,65192,13101],{"class":72},[50,65194,69],{"class":68},[50,65196,1770],{"class":64},[20,65198,2091],{},[41,65200,65201],{"className":43,"code":47065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,65202,65203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65204,65205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65206,47065],{"class":101},[20,65208,1423,65209,65212,65213,65215],{},[15,65210,65211],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65214,1215],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65217,65218,65219,129],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[380,65220,55336,65221,1845],{"href":58844},[15,65222,57107],{},[219,65224,8444,65226,1846,65228],{"id":65225},"using-start-and-end",[15,65227,35879],{},[15,65229,52476],{},[20,65231,65232,65233,1846,65235,65237],{},"The optional ",[15,65234,35879],{},[15,65236,52476],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[41,65239,65241],{"className":43,"code":65240,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65242,65243,65291,65295,65320,65349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65244,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65246,35897],{"class":56},[50,65248,61],{"class":60},[50,65250,3652],{"class":64},[50,65252,69],{"class":68},[50,65254,380],{"class":72},[50,65256,69],{"class":68},[50,65258,89],{"class":64},[50,65260,81],{"class":68},[50,65262,4784],{"class":72},[50,65264,69],{"class":68},[50,65266,89],{"class":64},[50,65268,81],{"class":68},[50,65270,9763],{"class":72},[50,65272,69],{"class":68},[50,65274,89],{"class":64},[50,65276,81],{"class":68},[50,65278,4784],{"class":72},[50,65280,69],{"class":68},[50,65282,89],{"class":64},[50,65284,81],{"class":68},[50,65286,18757],{"class":72},[50,65288,69],{"class":68},[50,65290,788],{"class":64},[50,65292,65293],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65294,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65296,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65298,119],{"class":118},[50,65300,122],{"class":64},[50,65302,35950],{"class":125},[50,65304,129],{"class":64},[50,65306,35652],{"class":125},[50,65308,122],{"class":64},[50,65310,69],{"class":68},[50,65312,4784],{"class":72},[50,65314,69],{"class":68},[50,65316,143],{"class":64},[50,65318,65319],{"class":146},"        # first match\n",[50,65321,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,65323,119],{"class":118},[50,65325,122],{"class":64},[50,65327,35950],{"class":125},[50,65329,129],{"class":64},[50,65331,35652],{"class":125},[50,65333,122],{"class":64},[50,65335,69],{"class":68},[50,65337,4784],{"class":72},[50,65339,69],{"class":68},[50,65341,89],{"class":64},[50,65343,3016],{"class":101},[50,65345,143],{"class":64},[50,65347,65348],{"class":146},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[50,65350,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,65352,119],{"class":118},[50,65354,122],{"class":64},[50,65356,35950],{"class":125},[50,65358,129],{"class":64},[50,65360,35652],{"class":125},[50,65362,122],{"class":64},[50,65364,69],{"class":68},[50,65366,4784],{"class":72},[50,65368,69],{"class":68},[50,65370,89],{"class":64},[50,65372,5521],{"class":101},[50,65374,89],{"class":64},[50,65376,2479],{"class":101},[50,65378,143],{"class":64},[50,65380,65381],{"class":146},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65383,2091],{},[41,65385,65387],{"className":43,"code":65386,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65388,65389,65393,65397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65390,65391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65392,46730],{"class":101},[50,65394,65395],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65396,46430],{"class":101},[50,65398,65399],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65400,46730],{"class":101},[20,65402,65403],{},"How this works:",[233,65405,65406,65418,65431],{},[236,65407,65408,65411,65412,65415,65416],{},[15,65409,65410],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65413,65414],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65417,3011],{},[236,65419,65420,65423,65424,65426,65427,65415,65429],{},[15,65421,65422],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65425,2076],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65428,65414],{},[15,65430,2082],{},[236,65432,65433,65436,65437,32,65439,17069,65441],{},[15,65434,65435],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65438,3011],{},[15,65440,2076],{},[15,65442,2082],{},[20,65444,65445],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[219,65447,65449],{"id":65448},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65451,65452,65453,129],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65454,40514],{},[20,65456,253],{},[41,65458,65460],{"className":43,"code":65459,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65461,65462,65494],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65463,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474,65476,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65465,7805],{"class":56},[50,65467,61],{"class":60},[50,65469,3652],{"class":64},[50,65471,69],{"class":68},[50,65473,4102],{"class":72},[50,65475,69],{"class":68},[50,65477,89],{"class":64},[50,65479,81],{"class":68},[50,65481,4111],{"class":72},[50,65483,69],{"class":68},[50,65485,89],{"class":64},[50,65487,81],{"class":68},[50,65489,4120],{"class":72},[50,65491,69],{"class":68},[50,65493,788],{"class":64},[50,65495,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65497,119],{"class":118},[50,65499,122],{"class":64},[50,65501,7836],{"class":125},[50,65503,129],{"class":64},[50,65505,35652],{"class":125},[50,65507,122],{"class":64},[50,65509,69],{"class":68},[50,65511,33024],{"class":72},[50,65513,69],{"class":68},[50,65515,1770],{"class":64},[20,65517,39463,65518,65521],{},[15,65519,65520],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65523,65524],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[41,65526,65528],{"className":43,"code":65527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65529,65530,65562,65575,65579,65592,65611,65617],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65531,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65533,7805],{"class":56},[50,65535,61],{"class":60},[50,65537,3652],{"class":64},[50,65539,69],{"class":68},[50,65541,4102],{"class":72},[50,65543,69],{"class":68},[50,65545,89],{"class":64},[50,65547,81],{"class":68},[50,65549,4111],{"class":72},[50,65551,69],{"class":68},[50,65553,89],{"class":64},[50,65555,81],{"class":68},[50,65557,4120],{"class":72},[50,65559,69],{"class":68},[50,65561,788],{"class":64},[50,65563,65564,65567,65569,65571,65573],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65565,65566],{"class":56},"search_value ",[50,65568,61],{"class":60},[50,65570,81],{"class":68},[50,65572,33024],{"class":72},[50,65574,3384],{"class":68},[50,65576,65577],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65578,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65580,65581,65583,65586,65588,65590],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,65582,7023],{"class":1622},[50,65584,65585],{"class":56}," search_value ",[50,65587,1562],{"class":60},[50,65589,5990],{"class":56},[50,65591,6417],{"class":64},[50,65593,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65609],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,65595,8094],{"class":118},[50,65597,122],{"class":64},[50,65599,7836],{"class":125},[50,65601,129],{"class":64},[50,65603,35652],{"class":125},[50,65605,122],{"class":64},[50,65607,65608],{"class":125},"search_value",[50,65610,1770],{"class":64},[50,65612,65613,65615],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,65614,27234],{"class":1622},[50,65616,6417],{"class":64},[50,65618,65619,65621,65623,65625,65628,65630],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,65620,8094],{"class":118},[50,65622,122],{"class":64},[50,65624,69],{"class":68},[50,65626,65627],{"class":72},"Item not found",[50,65629,69],{"class":68},[50,65631,414],{"class":64},[20,65633,2091],{},[41,65635,65637],{"className":43,"code":65636,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Item not found\n",[15,65638,65639],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65640,65641,65644,65646],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65642,65643],{"class":56},"Item ",[50,65645,1262],{"class":60},[50,65647,65648],{"class":56}," found\n",[20,65650,65651],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65653,65654,65655,129],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[380,65656,65658],{"href":65657},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[219,65660,4543],{"id":4542},[20,65662,1666,65663,78],{},[15,65664,64684],{},[233,65666,65667,65685,65697,65757],{},[236,65668,25574,65669,35,65671,65674,65675,65677,65678,5183,65680,65682,65683,129],{},[15,65670,58785],{},[15,65672,65673],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9870,65676],{},"\nPython does ",[997,65679,1262],{},[15,65681,65673],{},". It raises ",[15,65684,40514],{},[236,65686,65687,65688,65690,65693,65694,65696],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9870,65689],{},[15,65691,65692],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65695,65093],{},", not the value itself.",[236,65698,8444,65699,11111,65702,65704,65706,65707,16655,65709,65732,16643,65734],{},[15,65700,65701],{},"index[]",[15,65703,58785],{},[9870,65705],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9870,65708],{},[41,65710,65712],{"className":43,"code":65711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65713,65714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65715,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65717,7836],{"class":56},[50,65719,129],{"class":64},[50,65721,35652],{"class":125},[50,65723,122],{"class":64},[50,65725,69],{"class":68},[50,65727,4111],{"class":72},[50,65729,69],{"class":68},[50,65731,414],{"class":64},[9870,65733],{},[41,65735,65737],{"className":43,"code":65736,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65738,65739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65740,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65742,7836],{"class":56},[50,65744,129],{"class":64},[50,65746,35652],{"class":24549},[50,65748,779],{"class":64},[50,65750,69],{"class":68},[50,65752,4111],{"class":72},[50,65754,69],{"class":68},[50,65756,788],{"class":64},[236,65758,65759,65760,65762,1846,65765,65767,65768],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9870,65761],{},[15,65763,65764],{},"\"3\"",[15,65766,2082],{}," are different values in Python.",[41,65769,65771],{"className":43,"code":65770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65772,65773,65793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65774,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65776,3647],{"class":56},[50,65778,61],{"class":60},[50,65780,3652],{"class":64},[50,65782,3011],{"class":101},[50,65784,89],{"class":64},[50,65786,3016],{"class":101},[50,65788,89],{"class":64},[50,65790,2473],{"class":101},[50,65792,788],{"class":64},[50,65794,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803,65805,65807,65809,65811],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65796,119],{"class":118},[50,65798,122],{"class":64},[50,65800,69],{"class":68},[50,65802,2082],{"class":72},[50,65804,69],{"class":68},[50,65806,1623],{"class":1622},[50,65808,4287],{"class":125},[50,65810,1206],{"class":64},[50,65812,4795],{"class":146},[20,65814,65815],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[41,65817,65819],{"className":43,"code":65818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65820,65821,65831,65845,65859],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65822,65823,65825,65827,65829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65824,119],{"class":118},[50,65826,122],{"class":64},[50,65828,8365],{"class":125},[50,65830,414],{"class":64},[50,65832,65833,65835,65837,65839,65841,65843],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65834,119],{"class":118},[50,65836,122],{"class":64},[50,65838,1780],{"class":1779},[50,65840,122],{"class":64},[50,65842,65608],{"class":125},[50,65844,1770],{"class":64},[50,65846,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65848,119],{"class":118},[50,65850,122],{"class":64},[50,65852,65566],{"class":125},[50,65854,1562],{"class":1622},[50,65856,8422],{"class":125},[50,65858,414],{"class":64},[50,65860,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,65862,119],{"class":118},[50,65864,122],{"class":64},[50,65866,8365],{"class":125},[50,65868,129],{"class":64},[50,65870,35652],{"class":125},[50,65872,122],{"class":64},[50,65874,65608],{"class":125},[50,65876,1770],{"class":64},[20,65878,65879],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65881,65882],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[233,65884,65885,65888,65895,65901],{},[236,65886,65887],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[236,65889,65890,65891,11111,65893],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65892,65764],{},[15,65894,2082],{},[236,65896,65897,65898,65900],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65899,58785],{}," returns only the first one",[236,65902,65903],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[219,65905,582,65907],{"id":65906},"when-to-use-index",[15,65908,58785],{},[20,65910,212,65911,589],{},[15,65912,58785],{},[233,65914,65915,65918,65921],{},[236,65916,65917],{},"You need the position of a known value",[236,65919,65920],{},"You are working with a small list",[236,65922,65923],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65925,65926],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[219,65928,1857],{"id":1856},[811,65930,5164,65932,5167],{"id":65931},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65933,64684],{},[20,65935,65936],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[811,65938,1861,65940,5183,65942,65944],{"id":65939},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65941,64684],{},[15,65943,65673],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65946,65947,65948,6656],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65949,40514],{},[811,65951,5192,65953,65955],{"id":65952},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65954,64684],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65957,65958],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[811,65960,65962,65963,1867],{"id":65961},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65964,58785],{},[20,65966,65967,65968,1846,65970,65972],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65969,35879],{},[15,65971,52476],{}," arguments.",[219,65974,1909],{"id":1908},[233,65976,65977,65981,65985,65989],{},[236,65978,65979],{},[380,65980,58773],{"href":65114},[236,65982,65983],{},[380,65984,52587],{"href":54386},[236,65986,65987],{},[380,65988,65658],{"href":65657},[236,65990,65991],{},[380,65992,55336,65993,1845],{"href":58844},[15,65994,57107],{},[1944,65996,65997],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":65999},[66000,66001,66003,66004,66005,66006,66007,66009,66010,66011,66013,66023],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":64781,"depth":108,"text":66002},"What list.index() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":37828,"depth":108,"text":37829},{"id":64989,"depth":108,"text":64990},{"id":65118,"depth":108,"text":65119},{"id":65225,"depth":108,"text":66008},"Using start and end",{"id":65448,"depth":108,"text":65449},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543},{"id":65906,"depth":108,"text":66012},"When to use index()",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":66014},[66015,66017,66019,66021],{"id":65931,"depth":115,"text":66016},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65939,"depth":115,"text":66018},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65952,"depth":115,"text":66020},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65961,"depth":115,"text":66022},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64672,"description":66024},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66031,"title":66032,"body":66033,"description":67975,"extension":1981,"meta":67976,"navigation":111,"path":67977,"seo":67978,"stem":67979,"__hash__":67980},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66034,"toc":67935},[66035,66040,66045,66048,66057,66114,66120,66125,66129,66143,66149,66151,66174,66191,66193,66254,66256,66288,66301,66303,66306,66406,66408,66486,66492,66496,66504,66508,66514,66569,66571,66595,66599,66602,66655,66657,66681,66685,66688,66741,66743,66767,66771,66777,66848,66850,66891,66897,66904,66907,66912,66920,66925,66933,66935,67032,67034,67103,67110,67115,67117,67121,67126,67128,67199,67201,67230,67236,67238,67265,67268,67291,67295,67298,67320,67323,67346,67348,67408,67410,67442,67448,67453,67506,67508,67533,67536,67585,67587,67608,67612,67617,67620,67675,67677,67704,67711,67715,67720,67791,67794,67808,67813,67818,67820,67834,67846,67851,67853,67858,67863,67867,67870,67876,67882,67889,67897,67899,67932],[10,66036,54158,66038,18],{"id":66037},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66039,54084],{},[20,66041,66042,66044],{},[15,66043,53727],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66046,66047],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66049,212,66050,66052,66053,129],{},[15,66051,54084],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[380,66054,55336,66055,1845],{"href":56585},[15,66056,52468],{},[41,66058,66060],{"className":43,"code":66059,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66061,66062,66082,66100,66110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66063,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66065,3647],{"class":56},[50,66067,61],{"class":60},[50,66069,3652],{"class":64},[50,66071,3011],{"class":101},[50,66073,89],{"class":64},[50,66075,3016],{"class":101},[50,66077,89],{"class":64},[50,66079,2479],{"class":101},[50,66081,788],{"class":64},[50,66083,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66085,3678],{"class":56},[50,66087,129],{"class":64},[50,66089,53767],{"class":125},[50,66091,122],{"class":64},[50,66093,2076],{"class":101},[50,66095,89],{"class":64},[50,66097,2473],{"class":101},[50,66099,414],{"class":64},[50,66101,66102,66104,66106,66108],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66103,119],{"class":118},[50,66105,122],{"class":64},[50,66107,3678],{"class":125},[50,66109,414],{"class":64},[50,66111,66112],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,66113,52539],{"class":146},[20,66115,212,66116,66119],{},[15,66117,66118],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[219,66121,222,66123,225],{"id":66122},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66124,53727],{},[20,66126,66127,78],{},[15,66128,53727],{},[233,66130,66131,66134,66137,66139],{},[236,66132,66133],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[236,66135,66136],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[236,66138,54244],{},[236,66140,241,66141],{},[15,66142,38],{},[20,66144,66145,66146,66148],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66147,54084],{}," does not create a new list.",[219,66150,5454],{"id":5453},[41,66152,66154],{"className":43,"code":66153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66155,66156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66157,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66159,8365],{"class":56},[50,66161,129],{"class":64},[50,66163,53767],{"class":125},[50,66165,122],{"class":64},[50,66167,35652],{"class":125},[50,66169,89],{"class":64},[50,66171,29308],{"class":125},[50,66173,414],{"class":64},[233,66175,66176,66181,66186],{},[236,66177,66178,66180],{},[15,66179,35652],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[236,66182,66183,66185],{},[15,66184,23109],{}," is the value to add",[236,66187,66188,66189],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66190,1215],{},[20,66192,253],{},[41,66194,66196],{"className":43,"code":66195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66197,66198,66222,66244],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66199,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66201,35897],{"class":56},[50,66203,61],{"class":60},[50,66205,3652],{"class":64},[50,66207,69],{"class":68},[50,66209,380],{"class":72},[50,66211,69],{"class":68},[50,66213,89],{"class":64},[50,66215,81],{"class":68},[50,66217,9763],{"class":72},[50,66219,69],{"class":68},[50,66221,788],{"class":64},[50,66223,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66225,35950],{"class":56},[50,66227,129],{"class":64},[50,66229,53767],{"class":125},[50,66231,122],{"class":64},[50,66233,3011],{"class":101},[50,66235,89],{"class":64},[50,66237,81],{"class":68},[50,66239,4784],{"class":72},[50,66241,69],{"class":68},[50,66243,414],{"class":64},[50,66245,66246,66248,66250,66252],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66247,119],{"class":118},[50,66249,122],{"class":64},[50,66251,35950],{"class":125},[50,66253,414],{"class":64},[20,66255,2091],{},[41,66257,66258],{"className":43,"code":42687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66259,66260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66261,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66263,779],{"class":64},[50,66265,1736],{"class":68},[50,66267,380],{"class":72},[50,66269,1736],{"class":68},[50,66271,89],{"class":64},[50,66273,3321],{"class":68},[50,66275,4784],{"class":72},[50,66277,1736],{"class":68},[50,66279,89],{"class":64},[50,66281,3321],{"class":68},[50,66283,9763],{"class":72},[50,66285,1736],{"class":68},[50,66287,788],{"class":64},[20,66289,1212,66290,66292,66293,66295,66296,1846,66298,129],{},[15,66291,65414],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66294,3011],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66297,18089],{},[15,66299,66300],{},"\"c\"",[219,66302,5811],{"id":5810},[20,66304,66305],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[41,66307,66309],{"className":43,"code":66308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66310,66311,66343,66361,66365,66387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66312,66313,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66314,13084],{"class":56},[50,66316,61],{"class":60},[50,66318,3652],{"class":64},[50,66320,69],{"class":68},[50,66322,13101],{"class":72},[50,66324,69],{"class":68},[50,66326,89],{"class":64},[50,66328,81],{"class":68},[50,66330,13118],{"class":72},[50,66332,69],{"class":68},[50,66334,89],{"class":64},[50,66336,81],{"class":68},[50,66338,17448],{"class":72},[50,66340,69],{"class":68},[50,66342,788],{"class":64},[50,66344,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66346,119],{"class":118},[50,66348,122],{"class":64},[50,66350,69],{"class":68},[50,66352,11578],{"class":72},[50,66354,69],{"class":68},[50,66356,89],{"class":64},[50,66358,13132],{"class":125},[50,66360,414],{"class":64},[50,66362,66363],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66364,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,66366,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,66368,17495],{"class":56},[50,66370,129],{"class":64},[50,66372,53767],{"class":125},[50,66374,122],{"class":64},[50,66376,3011],{"class":101},[50,66378,89],{"class":64},[50,66380,81],{"class":68},[50,66382,22322],{"class":72},[50,66384,69],{"class":68},[50,66386,414],{"class":64},[50,66388,66389,66391,66393,66395,66398,66400,66402,66404],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,66390,119],{"class":118},[50,66392,122],{"class":64},[50,66394,69],{"class":68},[50,66396,66397],{"class":72},"After: ",[50,66399,69],{"class":68},[50,66401,89],{"class":64},[50,66403,13132],{"class":125},[50,66405,414],{"class":64},[20,66407,2091],{},[41,66409,66411],{"className":43,"code":66410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66412,66413,66445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66414,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66416,11637],{"class":56},[50,66418,78],{"class":64},[50,66420,3652],{"class":64},[50,66422,1736],{"class":68},[50,66424,13101],{"class":72},[50,66426,1736],{"class":68},[50,66428,89],{"class":64},[50,66430,3321],{"class":68},[50,66432,13118],{"class":72},[50,66434,1736],{"class":68},[50,66436,89],{"class":64},[50,66438,3321],{"class":68},[50,66440,17448],{"class":72},[50,66442,1736],{"class":68},[50,66444,788],{"class":64},[50,66446,66447,66449,66451,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66448,11690],{"class":56},[50,66450,78],{"class":64},[50,66452,66453],{"class":64},"  [",[50,66455,1736],{"class":68},[50,66457,13101],{"class":72},[50,66459,1736],{"class":68},[50,66461,89],{"class":64},[50,66463,3321],{"class":68},[50,66465,22322],{"class":72},[50,66467,1736],{"class":68},[50,66469,89],{"class":64},[50,66471,3321],{"class":68},[50,66473,13118],{"class":72},[50,66475,1736],{"class":68},[50,66477,89],{"class":64},[50,66479,3321],{"class":68},[50,66481,17448],{"class":72},[50,66483,1736],{"class":68},[50,66485,788],{"class":64},[20,66487,66488,66489,66491],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66490,3011],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[219,66493,66495],{"id":66494},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66497,228,66498,35135,66500,66503],{},[15,66499,35652],{},[15,66501,66502],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[811,66505,66507],{"id":66506},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66509,66510,66511,66513],{},"Use index ",[15,66512,1215],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[41,66515,66517],{"className":43,"code":66516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66518,66519,66540,66559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66520,66521,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66522,66523],{"class":56},"nums ",[50,66525,61],{"class":60},[50,66527,3652],{"class":64},[50,66529,2076],{"class":101},[50,66531,89],{"class":64},[50,66533,2473],{"class":101},[50,66535,89],{"class":64},[50,66537,2479],{"class":101},[50,66539,788],{"class":64},[50,66541,66542,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66543,66544],{"class":56},"nums",[50,66546,129],{"class":64},[50,66548,53767],{"class":125},[50,66550,122],{"class":64},[50,66552,1215],{"class":101},[50,66554,89],{"class":64},[50,66556,5521],{"class":101},[50,66558,414],{"class":64},[50,66560,66561,66563,66565,66567],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66562,119],{"class":118},[50,66564,122],{"class":64},[50,66566,66544],{"class":125},[50,66568,414],{"class":64},[20,66570,2091],{},[41,66572,66573],{"className":43,"code":53321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66574,66575],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66576,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66578,779],{"class":64},[50,66580,3011],{"class":101},[50,66582,89],{"class":64},[50,66584,3016],{"class":101},[50,66586,89],{"class":64},[50,66588,2473],{"class":101},[50,66590,89],{"class":64},[50,66592,2479],{"class":101},[50,66594,788],{"class":64},[811,66596,66598],{"id":66597},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66600,66601],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[41,66603,66605],{"className":43,"code":66604,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66606,66607,66627,66645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66608,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66610,66523],{"class":56},[50,66612,61],{"class":60},[50,66614,3652],{"class":64},[50,66616,3011],{"class":101},[50,66618,89],{"class":64},[50,66620,3016],{"class":101},[50,66622,89],{"class":64},[50,66624,2479],{"class":101},[50,66626,788],{"class":64},[50,66628,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66630,66544],{"class":56},[50,66632,129],{"class":64},[50,66634,53767],{"class":125},[50,66636,122],{"class":64},[50,66638,2076],{"class":101},[50,66640,89],{"class":64},[50,66642,2473],{"class":101},[50,66644,414],{"class":64},[50,66646,66647,66649,66651,66653],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66648,119],{"class":118},[50,66650,122],{"class":64},[50,66652,66544],{"class":125},[50,66654,414],{"class":64},[20,66656,2091],{},[41,66658,66659],{"className":43,"code":53321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66660,66661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66662,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66664,779],{"class":64},[50,66666,3011],{"class":101},[50,66668,89],{"class":64},[50,66670,3016],{"class":101},[50,66672,89],{"class":64},[50,66674,2473],{"class":101},[50,66676,89],{"class":64},[50,66678,2479],{"class":101},[50,66680,788],{"class":64},[811,66682,66684],{"id":66683},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66686,66687],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[41,66689,66691],{"className":43,"code":66690,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66692,66693,66713,66731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66694,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66696,66523],{"class":56},[50,66698,61],{"class":60},[50,66700,3652],{"class":64},[50,66702,3011],{"class":101},[50,66704,89],{"class":64},[50,66706,3016],{"class":101},[50,66708,89],{"class":64},[50,66710,2473],{"class":101},[50,66712,788],{"class":64},[50,66714,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66716,66544],{"class":56},[50,66718,129],{"class":64},[50,66720,53767],{"class":125},[50,66722,122],{"class":64},[50,66724,2352],{"class":101},[50,66726,89],{"class":64},[50,66728,2479],{"class":101},[50,66730,414],{"class":64},[50,66732,66733,66735,66737,66739],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66734,119],{"class":118},[50,66736,122],{"class":64},[50,66738,66544],{"class":125},[50,66740,414],{"class":64},[20,66742,2091],{},[41,66744,66745],{"className":43,"code":53321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66746,66747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66748,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66750,779],{"class":64},[50,66752,3011],{"class":101},[50,66754,89],{"class":64},[50,66756,3016],{"class":101},[50,66758,89],{"class":64},[50,66760,2473],{"class":101},[50,66762,89],{"class":64},[50,66764,2479],{"class":101},[50,66766,788],{"class":64},[811,66768,66770],{"id":66769},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66772,66773,66774,66776],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66775,54084],{}," places the item before that position.",[41,66778,66780],{"className":43,"code":66779,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66781,66782,66814,66838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66783,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66785,35897],{"class":56},[50,66787,61],{"class":60},[50,66789,3652],{"class":64},[50,66791,69],{"class":68},[50,66793,380],{"class":72},[50,66795,69],{"class":68},[50,66797,89],{"class":64},[50,66799,81],{"class":68},[50,66801,4784],{"class":72},[50,66803,69],{"class":68},[50,66805,89],{"class":64},[50,66807,81],{"class":68},[50,66809,18757],{"class":72},[50,66811,69],{"class":68},[50,66813,788],{"class":64},[50,66815,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66817,35950],{"class":56},[50,66819,129],{"class":64},[50,66821,53767],{"class":125},[50,66823,122],{"class":64},[50,66825,2041],{"class":60},[50,66827,3011],{"class":101},[50,66829,89],{"class":64},[50,66831,81],{"class":68},[50,66833,9763],{"class":72},[50,66835,69],{"class":68},[50,66837,414],{"class":64},[50,66839,66840,66842,66844,66846],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66841,119],{"class":118},[50,66843,122],{"class":64},[50,66845,35950],{"class":125},[50,66847,414],{"class":64},[20,66849,2091],{},[41,66851,66853],{"className":43,"code":66852,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66854,66855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66856,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66858,779],{"class":64},[50,66860,1736],{"class":68},[50,66862,380],{"class":72},[50,66864,1736],{"class":68},[50,66866,89],{"class":64},[50,66868,3321],{"class":68},[50,66870,4784],{"class":72},[50,66872,1736],{"class":68},[50,66874,89],{"class":64},[50,66876,3321],{"class":68},[50,66878,9763],{"class":72},[50,66880,1736],{"class":68},[50,66882,89],{"class":64},[50,66884,3321],{"class":68},[50,66886,18757],{"class":72},[50,66888,1736],{"class":68},[50,66890,788],{"class":64},[20,66892,66893,66894,2325],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[380,66895,66896],{"href":50794},"Python lists beginner guide",[219,66898,66900,10608,66902],{"id":66899},"insert-vs-append",[15,66901,54084],{},[15,66903,52468],{},[20,66905,66906],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[811,66908,212,66910,589],{"id":66909},"use-insert-when",[15,66911,54084],{},[233,66913,66914,66917],{},[236,66915,66916],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[236,66918,66919],{},"The order of the list matters",[811,66921,212,66923,589],{"id":66922},"use-append-when",[15,66924,52468],{},[233,66926,66927,66930],{},[236,66928,66929],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[236,66931,66932],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66934,253],{},[41,66936,66938],{"className":43,"code":66937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66939,66940,66964,66968,66990,67000,67004,67022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66941,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66943,7805],{"class":56},[50,66945,61],{"class":60},[50,66947,3652],{"class":64},[50,66949,69],{"class":68},[50,66951,4102],{"class":72},[50,66953,69],{"class":68},[50,66955,89],{"class":64},[50,66957,81],{"class":68},[50,66959,33024],{"class":72},[50,66961,69],{"class":68},[50,66963,788],{"class":64},[50,66965,66966],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66967,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,66969,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66971,7836],{"class":56},[50,66973,129],{"class":64},[50,66975,53767],{"class":125},[50,66977,122],{"class":64},[50,66979,3011],{"class":101},[50,66981,89],{"class":64},[50,66983,81],{"class":68},[50,66985,4111],{"class":72},[50,66987,69],{"class":68},[50,66989,414],{"class":64},[50,66991,66992,66994,66996,66998],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,66993,119],{"class":118},[50,66995,122],{"class":64},[50,66997,7836],{"class":125},[50,66999,414],{"class":64},[50,67001,67002],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,67003,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,67005,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,67007,7836],{"class":56},[50,67009,129],{"class":64},[50,67011,13561],{"class":125},[50,67013,122],{"class":64},[50,67015,69],{"class":68},[50,67017,22331],{"class":72},[50,67019,69],{"class":68},[50,67021,414],{"class":64},[50,67023,67024,67026,67028,67030],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,67025,119],{"class":118},[50,67027,122],{"class":64},[50,67029,7836],{"class":125},[50,67031,414],{"class":64},[20,67033,2091],{},[41,67035,67037],{"className":43,"code":67036,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67038,67039,67067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67040,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67042,779],{"class":64},[50,67044,1736],{"class":68},[50,67046,4102],{"class":72},[50,67048,1736],{"class":68},[50,67050,89],{"class":64},[50,67052,3321],{"class":68},[50,67054,4111],{"class":72},[50,67056,1736],{"class":68},[50,67058,89],{"class":64},[50,67060,3321],{"class":68},[50,67062,33024],{"class":72},[50,67064,1736],{"class":68},[50,67066,788],{"class":64},[50,67068,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67070,779],{"class":64},[50,67072,1736],{"class":68},[50,67074,4102],{"class":72},[50,67076,1736],{"class":68},[50,67078,89],{"class":64},[50,67080,3321],{"class":68},[50,67082,4111],{"class":72},[50,67084,1736],{"class":68},[50,67086,89],{"class":64},[50,67088,3321],{"class":68},[50,67090,33024],{"class":72},[50,67092,1736],{"class":68},[50,67094,89],{"class":64},[50,67096,3321],{"class":68},[50,67098,22331],{"class":72},[50,67100,1736],{"class":68},[50,67102,788],{"class":64},[20,67104,67105,67106,129],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[380,67107,55336,67108,1845],{"href":56585},[15,67109,52468],{},[20,67111,67112,67113,129],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[380,67114,52865],{"href":52864},[219,67116,4543],{"id":4542},[20,67118,14738,67119,129],{},[15,67120,54084],{},[811,67122,12606,67124],{"id":67123},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67125,54084],{},[20,67127,25490],{},[41,67129,67131],{"className":43,"code":67130,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67132,67133,67153,67175,67179,67189],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67134,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67136,3647],{"class":56},[50,67138,61],{"class":60},[50,67140,3652],{"class":64},[50,67142,3011],{"class":101},[50,67144,89],{"class":64},[50,67146,3016],{"class":101},[50,67148,89],{"class":64},[50,67150,2473],{"class":101},[50,67152,788],{"class":64},[50,67154,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67156,2250],{"class":56},[50,67158,61],{"class":60},[50,67160,4287],{"class":56},[50,67162,129],{"class":64},[50,67164,53767],{"class":125},[50,67166,122],{"class":64},[50,67168,3011],{"class":101},[50,67170,89],{"class":64},[50,67172,10221],{"class":101},[50,67174,414],{"class":64},[50,67176,67177],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67178,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,67180,67181,67183,67185,67187],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,67182,119],{"class":118},[50,67184,122],{"class":64},[50,67186,2285],{"class":125},[50,67188,414],{"class":64},[50,67190,67191,67193,67195,67197],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,67192,119],{"class":118},[50,67194,122],{"class":64},[50,67196,3678],{"class":125},[50,67198,414],{"class":64},[20,67200,2091],{},[41,67202,67204],{"className":43,"code":67203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67205,67206,67210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67207,67208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67209,11821],{"class":1494},[50,67211,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67213,779],{"class":64},[50,67215,3011],{"class":101},[50,67217,89],{"class":64},[50,67219,10221],{"class":101},[50,67221,89],{"class":64},[50,67223,3016],{"class":101},[50,67225,89],{"class":64},[50,67227,2473],{"class":101},[50,67229,788],{"class":64},[20,67231,67232,53969,67234,129],{},[15,67233,54084],{},[15,67235,38],{},[20,67237,16643],{},[41,67239,67241],{"className":43,"code":67240,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67242,67243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67244,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67246,55706],{"class":56},[50,67248,61],{"class":60},[50,67250,4287],{"class":56},[50,67252,129],{"class":64},[50,67254,53767],{"class":125},[50,67256,122],{"class":64},[50,67258,3011],{"class":101},[50,67260,89],{"class":64},[50,67262,10221],{"class":101},[50,67264,414],{"class":64},[20,67266,67267],{},"Right:",[41,67269,67271],{"className":43,"code":67270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67272,67273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67274,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67276,3678],{"class":56},[50,67278,129],{"class":64},[50,67280,53767],{"class":125},[50,67282,122],{"class":64},[50,67284,3011],{"class":101},[50,67286,89],{"class":64},[50,67288,10221],{"class":101},[50,67290,414],{"class":64},[811,67292,67294],{"id":67293},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67296,67297],{},"The correct order is:",[41,67299,67300],{"className":43,"code":66153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67301,67302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67303,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67305,8365],{"class":56},[50,67307,129],{"class":64},[50,67309,53767],{"class":125},[50,67311,122],{"class":64},[50,67313,35652],{"class":125},[50,67315,89],{"class":64},[50,67317,29308],{"class":125},[50,67319,414],{"class":64},[20,67321,67322],{},"Not:",[41,67324,67326],{"className":43,"code":67325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67327,67328],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67329,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67331,8365],{"class":56},[50,67333,129],{"class":64},[50,67335,53767],{"class":125},[50,67337,122],{"class":64},[50,67339,23109],{"class":125},[50,67341,89],{"class":64},[50,67343,35627],{"class":125},[50,67345,414],{"class":64},[20,67347,253],{},[41,67349,67350],{"className":43,"code":66195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67351,67352,67376,67398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67355,35897],{"class":56},[50,67357,61],{"class":60},[50,67359,3652],{"class":64},[50,67361,69],{"class":68},[50,67363,380],{"class":72},[50,67365,69],{"class":68},[50,67367,89],{"class":64},[50,67369,81],{"class":68},[50,67371,9763],{"class":72},[50,67373,69],{"class":68},[50,67375,788],{"class":64},[50,67377,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67379,35950],{"class":56},[50,67381,129],{"class":64},[50,67383,53767],{"class":125},[50,67385,122],{"class":64},[50,67387,3011],{"class":101},[50,67389,89],{"class":64},[50,67391,81],{"class":68},[50,67393,4784],{"class":72},[50,67395,69],{"class":68},[50,67397,414],{"class":64},[50,67399,67400,67402,67404,67406],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67401,119],{"class":118},[50,67403,122],{"class":64},[50,67405,35950],{"class":125},[50,67407,414],{"class":64},[20,67409,2091],{},[41,67411,67412],{"className":43,"code":42687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67413,67414],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67415,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67417,779],{"class":64},[50,67419,1736],{"class":68},[50,67421,380],{"class":72},[50,67423,1736],{"class":68},[50,67425,89],{"class":64},[50,67427,3321],{"class":68},[50,67429,4784],{"class":72},[50,67431,1736],{"class":68},[50,67433,89],{"class":64},[50,67435,3321],{"class":68},[50,67437,9763],{"class":72},[50,67439,1736],{"class":68},[50,67441,788],{"class":64},[811,67443,8480,67445,67447],{"id":67444},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67446,54084],{}," to replace an item",[20,67449,67450,67452],{},[15,67451,54084],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[41,67454,67456],{"className":43,"code":67455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67457,67458,67478,67496],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67459,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67461,3647],{"class":56},[50,67463,61],{"class":60},[50,67465,3652],{"class":64},[50,67467,3011],{"class":101},[50,67469,89],{"class":64},[50,67471,3016],{"class":101},[50,67473,89],{"class":64},[50,67475,2473],{"class":101},[50,67477,788],{"class":64},[50,67479,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67481,3678],{"class":56},[50,67483,129],{"class":64},[50,67485,53767],{"class":125},[50,67487,122],{"class":64},[50,67489,3011],{"class":101},[50,67491,89],{"class":64},[50,67493,10221],{"class":101},[50,67495,414],{"class":64},[50,67497,67498,67500,67502,67504],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67499,119],{"class":118},[50,67501,122],{"class":64},[50,67503,3678],{"class":125},[50,67505,414],{"class":64},[20,67507,2091],{},[41,67509,67511],{"className":43,"code":67510,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67512,67513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67514,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67516,779],{"class":64},[50,67518,3011],{"class":101},[50,67520,89],{"class":64},[50,67522,10221],{"class":101},[50,67524,89],{"class":64},[50,67526,3016],{"class":101},[50,67528,89],{"class":64},[50,67530,2473],{"class":101},[50,67532,788],{"class":64},[20,67534,67535],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[41,67537,67539],{"className":43,"code":67538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67540,67541,67561,67575],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67542,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67544,3647],{"class":56},[50,67546,61],{"class":60},[50,67548,3652],{"class":64},[50,67550,3011],{"class":101},[50,67552,89],{"class":64},[50,67554,3016],{"class":101},[50,67556,89],{"class":64},[50,67558,2473],{"class":101},[50,67560,788],{"class":64},[50,67562,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571,67573],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67564,3678],{"class":56},[50,67566,779],{"class":64},[50,67568,3011],{"class":101},[50,67570,13281],{"class":64},[50,67572,13284],{"class":60},[50,67574,14136],{"class":101},[50,67576,67577,67579,67581,67583],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67578,119],{"class":118},[50,67580,122],{"class":64},[50,67582,3678],{"class":125},[50,67584,414],{"class":64},[20,67586,2091],{},[41,67588,67590],{"className":43,"code":67589,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67591,67592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67595,779],{"class":64},[50,67597,3011],{"class":101},[50,67599,89],{"class":64},[50,67601,10221],{"class":101},[50,67603,89],{"class":64},[50,67605,2473],{"class":101},[50,67607,788],{"class":64},[811,67609,67611],{"id":67610},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67613,67614,67616],{},[15,67615,54084],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67618,67619],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[41,67621,67623],{"className":43,"code":67622,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67624,67625,67641,67665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67626,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67628,3647],{"class":56},[50,67630,61],{"class":60},[50,67632,3652],{"class":64},[50,67634,3011],{"class":101},[50,67636,89],{"class":64},[50,67638,2479],{"class":101},[50,67640,788],{"class":64},[50,67642,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67644,3678],{"class":56},[50,67646,129],{"class":64},[50,67648,53767],{"class":125},[50,67650,122],{"class":64},[50,67652,3011],{"class":101},[50,67654,89],{"class":64},[50,67656,3652],{"class":64},[50,67658,2076],{"class":101},[50,67660,89],{"class":64},[50,67662,2473],{"class":101},[50,67664,3911],{"class":64},[50,67666,67667,67669,67671,67673],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67668,119],{"class":118},[50,67670,122],{"class":64},[50,67672,3678],{"class":125},[50,67674,414],{"class":64},[20,67676,2091],{},[41,67678,67680],{"className":43,"code":67679,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67681,67682],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67683,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67685,779],{"class":64},[50,67687,3011],{"class":101},[50,67689,89],{"class":64},[50,67691,3652],{"class":64},[50,67693,2076],{"class":101},[50,67695,89],{"class":64},[50,67697,2473],{"class":101},[50,67699,18055],{"class":64},[50,67701,2479],{"class":101},[50,67703,788],{"class":64},[20,67705,67706,67707,129],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[380,67708,55336,67709,1845],{"href":53160},[15,67710,53262],{},[811,67712,67714],{"id":67713},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67716,8904,67717,67719],{},[15,67718,54084],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[41,67721,67723],{"className":43,"code":67722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67724,67725,67735,67749,67767,67781],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67726,67727,67729,67731,67733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67728,119],{"class":118},[50,67730,122],{"class":64},[50,67732,8365],{"class":125},[50,67734,414],{"class":64},[50,67736,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67738,119],{"class":118},[50,67740,122],{"class":64},[50,67742,11181],{"class":118},[50,67744,122],{"class":64},[50,67746,8365],{"class":125},[50,67748,1770],{"class":64},[50,67750,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67752,119],{"class":118},[50,67754,122],{"class":64},[50,67756,8365],{"class":125},[50,67758,129],{"class":64},[50,67760,53767],{"class":24549},[50,67762,129],{"class":64},[50,67764,34250],{"class":34257},[50,67766,414],{"class":64},[50,67768,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,67770,31955],{"class":118},[50,67772,122],{"class":64},[50,67774,8119],{"class":1779},[50,67776,129],{"class":64},[50,67778,53767],{"class":24549},[50,67780,414],{"class":64},[50,67782,67783,67785,67787,67789],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,67784,1780],{"class":1779},[50,67786,122],{"class":64},[50,67788,8365],{"class":125},[50,67790,414],{"class":64},[20,67792,67793],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[233,67795,67796,67799,67802,67805],{},[236,67797,67798],{},"What is currently in the list",[236,67800,67801],{},"How long the list is",[236,67803,67804],{},"That you are working with a real list",[236,67806,67807],{},"How Python describes the method",[219,67809,582,67811],{"id":67810},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67812,54084],{},[20,67814,212,67815,67817],{},[15,67816,54084],{}," when position matters.",[20,67819,36233],{},[233,67821,67822,67825,67828,67831],{},[236,67823,67824],{},"Ordered menus",[236,67826,67827],{},"Rankings or score lists",[236,67829,67830],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[236,67832,67833],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67835,67836,67837,67839,67840,67842,67843,67845],{},"You usually do ",[997,67838,1262],{}," need ",[15,67841,54084],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67844,52468],{}," is simpler.",[20,67847,67848,67849,129],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[380,67850,56971],{"href":56970},[219,67852,1857],{"id":1856},[811,67854,1861,67856,55285],{"id":67855},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67857,53727],{},[20,67859,67860,67861,129],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67862,38],{},[811,67864,67866],{"id":67865},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67868,67869],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[811,67871,5192,67873,67875],{"id":67872},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67874,53727],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67877,67878,67879,67881],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67880,53262],{}," or slicing.",[811,67883,5202,67885,1846,67887,1867],{"id":67884},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67886,54084],{},[15,67888,52468],{},[20,67890,67891,67893,67894,67896],{},[15,67892,54084],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67895,52468],{}," adds only at the end.",[219,67898,1909],{"id":1908},[233,67900,67901,67907,67913,67917,67921,67925],{},[236,67902,67903],{},[380,67904,55336,67905,1845],{"href":56585},[15,67906,52468],{},[236,67908,67909],{},[380,67910,55336,67911,1845],{"href":53160},[15,67912,53262],{},[236,67914,67915],{},[380,67916,54094],{"href":52864},[236,67918,67919],{},[380,67920,52587],{"href":50794},[236,67922,67923],{},[380,67924,57045],{"href":56970},[236,67926,67927],{},[380,67928,30149,67929,33437],{"href":54112},[15,67930,67931],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1944,67933,67934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":67936},[67937,67939,67940,67941,67947,67954,67963,67965,67974],{"id":66122,"depth":108,"text":67938},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5453,"depth":108,"text":5454},{"id":5810,"depth":108,"text":5811},{"id":66494,"depth":108,"text":66495,"children":67942},[67943,67944,67945,67946],{"id":66506,"depth":115,"text":66507},{"id":66597,"depth":115,"text":66598},{"id":66683,"depth":115,"text":66684},{"id":66769,"depth":115,"text":66770},{"id":66899,"depth":108,"text":67948,"children":67949},"insert() vs append()",[67950,67952],{"id":66909,"depth":115,"text":67951},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66922,"depth":115,"text":67953},"Use append() when:",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":67955},[67956,67958,67959,67961,67962],{"id":67123,"depth":115,"text":67957},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67293,"depth":115,"text":67294},{"id":67444,"depth":115,"text":67960},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67610,"depth":115,"text":67611},{"id":67713,"depth":115,"text":67714},{"id":67810,"depth":108,"text":67964},"When to use insert()",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":67966},[67967,67969,67970,67972],{"id":67855,"depth":115,"text":67968},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67865,"depth":115,"text":67866},{"id":67872,"depth":115,"text":67971},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67884,"depth":115,"text":67973},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66032,"description":67975},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67982,"title":67983,"body":67984,"description":69539,"extension":1981,"meta":69540,"navigation":111,"path":58790,"seo":69541,"stem":69542,"__hash__":69543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67985,"toc":69512},[67986,67992,68001,68050,68052,68060,68066,68068,68086,68092,68097,68100,68103,68118,68120,68172,68174,68182,68190,68197,68199,68205,68270,68272,68280,68282,68301,68304,68355,68359,68364,68391,68393,68401,68404,68473,68475,68490,68496,68500,68509,68512,68567,68569,68577,68580,68582,68627,68629,68637,68643,68645,68653,68656,68658,68697,68699,68738,68743,68745,68747,68782,68785,68787,68825,68829,68835,68837,68888,68890,68898,68905,68908,68929,68932,68987,68998,69000,69061,69063,69072,69079,69085,69088,69091,69148,69151,69164,69171,69177,69183,69185,69198,69201,69298,69300,69317,69320,69402,69404,69426,69433,69439,69441,69445,69451,69457,69462,69466,69469,69475,69482,69484,69509],[10,67987,67989,67990,1206],{"id":67988},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67991,11181],{},[20,67993,67994,67995,67997,67998,68000],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67996,42172],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67999,42172],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[41,68002,68004],{"className":43,"code":68003,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68005,68006,68026,68040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68007,68008,68010,68012,68014,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68009,3647],{"class":56},[50,68011,61],{"class":60},[50,68013,3652],{"class":64},[50,68015,2352],{"class":101},[50,68017,89],{"class":64},[50,68019,7816],{"class":101},[50,68021,89],{"class":64},[50,68023,7821],{"class":101},[50,68025,788],{"class":64},[50,68027,68028,68030,68032,68034,68036,68038],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68029,41052],{"class":56},[50,68031,61],{"class":60},[50,68033,38195],{"class":118},[50,68035,122],{"class":64},[50,68037,3678],{"class":125},[50,68039,414],{"class":64},[50,68041,68042,68044,68046,68048],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,68043,119],{"class":118},[50,68045,122],{"class":64},[50,68047,41070],{"class":125},[50,68049,414],{"class":64},[20,68051,2091],{},[41,68053,68054],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68055,68056],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68057,68058],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68059,46430],{"class":101},[20,68061,212,68062,68065],{},[15,68063,68064],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[219,68067,15167],{"id":15166},[233,68069,68070,68075,68080,68083],{},[236,68071,4222,68072,68074],{},[15,68073,42172],{}," works with Python lists",[236,68076,68077,68078,11719],{},"What value ",[15,68079,42172],{},[236,68081,68082],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[236,68084,68085],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[219,68087,222,68089,68091],{"id":68088},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68090,42172],{}," returns for a list",[20,68093,68094,64904],{},[15,68095,68096],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68098,68099],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68101,68102],{},"A few important points:",[233,68104,68105,68108,68113],{},[236,68106,68107],{},"It counts list items",[236,68109,40716,68110,68112],{},[997,68111,1262],{}," count characters inside a string item",[236,68114,68115,68116],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68117,1215],{},[20,68119,253],{},[41,68121,68123],{"className":43,"code":68122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68124,68125,68158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68126,68127,68129,68131,68133,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68128,4093],{"class":56},[50,68130,61],{"class":60},[50,68132,3652],{"class":64},[50,68134,69],{"class":68},[50,68136,36855],{"class":72},[50,68138,69],{"class":68},[50,68140,89],{"class":64},[50,68142,81],{"class":68},[50,68144,68145],{"class":72},"elephant",[50,68147,69],{"class":68},[50,68149,89],{"class":64},[50,68151,81],{"class":68},[50,68153,57944],{"class":72},[50,68155,69],{"class":68},[50,68157,788],{"class":64},[50,68159,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68161,119],{"class":118},[50,68163,122],{"class":64},[50,68165,11181],{"class":118},[50,68167,122],{"class":64},[50,68169,4137],{"class":125},[50,68171,1770],{"class":64},[20,68173,2091],{},[41,68175,68176],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68177,68178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68179,68180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68181,46430],{"class":101},[20,68183,1423,68184,68187,68188,64911],{},[15,68185,68186],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[997,68189,52472],{},[20,68191,68192,68193,129],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[380,68194,3603,68195,3536],{"href":42169},[15,68196,42172],{},[219,68198,5811],{"id":5810},[20,68200,68201,68202,68204],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68203,42172],{},", and print the result.",[41,68206,68208],{"className":43,"code":68207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68209,68210,68242,68256,68260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68211,68212,68214,68216,68218,68220,68222,68224,68226,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236,68238,68240],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68213,13084],{"class":56},[50,68215,61],{"class":60},[50,68217,3652],{"class":64},[50,68219,69],{"class":68},[50,68221,13101],{"class":72},[50,68223,69],{"class":68},[50,68225,89],{"class":64},[50,68227,81],{"class":68},[50,68229,17448],{"class":72},[50,68231,69],{"class":68},[50,68233,89],{"class":64},[50,68235,81],{"class":68},[50,68237,13118],{"class":72},[50,68239,69],{"class":68},[50,68241,788],{"class":64},[50,68243,68244,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68245,41052],{"class":56},[50,68247,61],{"class":60},[50,68249,38195],{"class":118},[50,68251,122],{"class":64},[50,68253,17495],{"class":125},[50,68255,414],{"class":64},[50,68257,68258],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,68259,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,68261,68262,68264,68266,68268],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,68263,119],{"class":118},[50,68265,122],{"class":64},[50,68267,41070],{"class":125},[50,68269,414],{"class":64},[20,68271,2091],{},[41,68273,68274],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68275,68276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68277,68278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68279,46430],{"class":101},[20,68281,11697],{},[233,68283,68284,68289,68296],{},[236,68285,68286,68288],{},[15,68287,17495],{}," is a list with 3 items",[236,68290,68291,35,68294],{},[15,68292,68293],{},"len(colors)",[15,68295,2082],{},[236,68297,68298,68299],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68300,41070],{},[20,68302,68303],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[41,68305,68307],{"className":43,"code":68306,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68308,68309,68341],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68310,68311,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68312,13084],{"class":56},[50,68314,61],{"class":60},[50,68316,3652],{"class":64},[50,68318,69],{"class":68},[50,68320,13101],{"class":72},[50,68322,69],{"class":68},[50,68324,89],{"class":64},[50,68326,81],{"class":68},[50,68328,17448],{"class":72},[50,68330,69],{"class":68},[50,68332,89],{"class":64},[50,68334,81],{"class":68},[50,68336,13118],{"class":72},[50,68338,69],{"class":68},[50,68340,788],{"class":64},[50,68342,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68344,119],{"class":118},[50,68346,122],{"class":64},[50,68348,11181],{"class":118},[50,68350,122],{"class":64},[50,68352,17495],{"class":125},[50,68354,1770],{"class":64},[219,68356,68358],{"id":68357},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68360,68361,68362,129],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68363,1215],{},[41,68365,68367],{"className":43,"code":68366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68368,68369,68377],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68370,68371,68373,68375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68372,7805],{"class":56},[50,68374,61],{"class":60},[50,68376,7865],{"class":64},[50,68378,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68380,119],{"class":118},[50,68382,122],{"class":64},[50,68384,11181],{"class":118},[50,68386,122],{"class":64},[50,68388,7836],{"class":125},[50,68390,1770],{"class":64},[20,68392,2091],{},[41,68394,68395],{"className":43,"code":47065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68396,68397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68398,68399],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68400,47065],{"class":101},[20,68402,68403],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[41,68405,68407],{"className":43,"code":68406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68408,68409,68417,68421,68439,68453,68459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68410,68411,68413,68415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68412,7805],{"class":56},[50,68414,61],{"class":60},[50,68416,7865],{"class":64},[50,68418,68419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68420,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,68422,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,68424,7023],{"class":1622},[50,68426,38195],{"class":118},[50,68428,122],{"class":64},[50,68430,7836],{"class":125},[50,68432,1206],{"class":64},[50,68434,38205],{"class":60},[50,68436,1192],{"class":101},[50,68438,6417],{"class":64},[50,68440,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,68442,8094],{"class":118},[50,68444,122],{"class":64},[50,68446,7836],{"class":125},[50,68448,779],{"class":64},[50,68450,1215],{"class":101},[50,68452,3911],{"class":64},[50,68454,68455,68457],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,68456,27234],{"class":1622},[50,68458,6417],{"class":64},[50,68460,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,68462,8094],{"class":118},[50,68464,122],{"class":64},[50,68466,69],{"class":68},[50,68468,51631],{"class":72},[50,68470,69],{"class":68},[50,68472,414],{"class":64},[20,68474,2091],{},[41,68476,68478],{"className":43,"code":68477,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The list is empty\n",[15,68479,68480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68481,68482,68484,68486,68488],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68483,228],{"class":56},[50,68485,8119],{"class":1779},[50,68487,8122],{"class":60},[50,68489,8128],{"class":56},[20,68491,68492,68493,68495],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[380,68494,52587],{"href":50794}," is a good next step.",[219,68497,68499],{"id":68498},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68501,68502,68504,68505,68508],{},[15,68503,42172],{}," counts only the ",[997,68506,68507],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68510,68511],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[41,68513,68515],{"className":43,"code":68514,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68516,68517,68553],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68518,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543,68545,68547,68549,68551],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68520,829],{"class":56},[50,68522,61],{"class":60},[50,68524,56110],{"class":64},[50,68526,3011],{"class":101},[50,68528,89],{"class":64},[50,68530,3016],{"class":101},[50,68532,18055],{"class":64},[50,68534,3652],{"class":64},[50,68536,2082],{"class":101},[50,68538,89],{"class":64},[50,68540,2479],{"class":101},[50,68542,18055],{"class":64},[50,68544,3652],{"class":64},[50,68546,2157],{"class":101},[50,68548,89],{"class":64},[50,68550,37452],{"class":101},[50,68552,53058],{"class":64},[50,68554,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68556,119],{"class":118},[50,68558,122],{"class":64},[50,68560,11181],{"class":118},[50,68562,122],{"class":64},[50,68564,776],{"class":125},[50,68566,1770],{"class":64},[20,68568,2091],{},[41,68570,68571],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68572,68573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68574,68575],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68576,46430],{"class":101},[20,68578,68579],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68581,51895],{},[41,68583,68585],{"className":43,"code":68584,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68586,68587,68613],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68588,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607,68609,68611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68590,59290],{"class":56},[50,68592,61],{"class":60},[50,68594,3652],{"class":64},[50,68596,3011],{"class":101},[50,68598,89],{"class":64},[50,68600,3652],{"class":64},[50,68602,2076],{"class":101},[50,68604,89],{"class":64},[50,68606,2473],{"class":101},[50,68608,18055],{"class":64},[50,68610,2479],{"class":101},[50,68612,788],{"class":64},[50,68614,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623,68625],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68616,119],{"class":118},[50,68618,122],{"class":64},[50,68620,11181],{"class":118},[50,68622,122],{"class":64},[50,68624,59343],{"class":125},[50,68626,1770],{"class":64},[20,68628,2091],{},[41,68630,68631],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68632,68633],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68634,68635],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68636,46430],{"class":101},[20,68638,1423,68639,68642],{},[15,68640,68641],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[219,68644,4543],{"id":4542},[811,68646,8444,68648,11111,68651],{"id":68647},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68649,68650],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68652,68096],{},[20,68654,68655],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68657,16643],{},[41,68659,68661],{"className":43,"code":68660,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68662,68663,68683],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68664,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68666,3647],{"class":56},[50,68668,61],{"class":60},[50,68670,3652],{"class":64},[50,68672,2352],{"class":101},[50,68674,89],{"class":64},[50,68676,7816],{"class":101},[50,68678,89],{"class":64},[50,68680,7821],{"class":101},[50,68682,788],{"class":64},[50,68684,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68686,119],{"class":118},[50,68688,122],{"class":64},[50,68690,3678],{"class":125},[50,68692,129],{"class":64},[50,68694,11181],{"class":125},[50,68696,1727],{"class":64},[20,68698,16655],{},[41,68700,68702],{"className":43,"code":68701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68703,68704,68724],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68705,68706,68708,68710,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68707,3647],{"class":56},[50,68709,61],{"class":60},[50,68711,3652],{"class":64},[50,68713,2352],{"class":101},[50,68715,89],{"class":64},[50,68717,7816],{"class":101},[50,68719,89],{"class":64},[50,68721,7821],{"class":101},[50,68723,788],{"class":64},[50,68725,68726,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68727,119],{"class":118},[50,68729,122],{"class":64},[50,68731,11181],{"class":118},[50,68733,122],{"class":64},[50,68735,3678],{"class":125},[50,68737,1770],{"class":64},[20,68739,68740,68742],{},[15,68741,42172],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[811,68744,25487],{"id":25486},[20,68746,16643],{},[41,68748,68750],{"className":43,"code":68749,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68751,68752,68772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68753,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68755,3647],{"class":56},[50,68757,61],{"class":60},[50,68759,3652],{"class":64},[50,68761,2352],{"class":101},[50,68763,89],{"class":64},[50,68765,7816],{"class":101},[50,68767,89],{"class":64},[50,68769,7821],{"class":101},[50,68771,788],{"class":64},[50,68773,68774,68776,68778,68780],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68775,119],{"class":118},[50,68777,122],{"class":64},[50,68779,11181],{"class":118},[50,68781,414],{"class":64},[20,68783,68784],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68786,16655],{},[41,68788,68789],{"className":43,"code":68701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68790,68791,68811],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68792,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68794,3647],{"class":56},[50,68796,61],{"class":60},[50,68798,3652],{"class":64},[50,68800,2352],{"class":101},[50,68802,89],{"class":64},[50,68804,7816],{"class":101},[50,68806,89],{"class":64},[50,68808,7821],{"class":101},[50,68810,788],{"class":64},[50,68812,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68814,119],{"class":118},[50,68816,122],{"class":64},[50,68818,11181],{"class":118},[50,68820,122],{"class":64},[50,68822,3678],{"class":125},[50,68824,1770],{"class":64},[811,68826,68828],{"id":68827},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68830,68831,68832,68834],{},"The length of a list is ",[997,68833,1262],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68836,253],{},[41,68838,68840],{"className":43,"code":68839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68841,68842,68874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68843,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68845,35897],{"class":56},[50,68847,61],{"class":60},[50,68849,3652],{"class":64},[50,68851,69],{"class":68},[50,68853,380],{"class":72},[50,68855,69],{"class":68},[50,68857,89],{"class":64},[50,68859,81],{"class":68},[50,68861,4784],{"class":72},[50,68863,69],{"class":68},[50,68865,89],{"class":64},[50,68867,81],{"class":68},[50,68869,9763],{"class":72},[50,68871,69],{"class":68},[50,68873,788],{"class":64},[50,68875,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68877,119],{"class":118},[50,68879,122],{"class":64},[50,68881,11181],{"class":118},[50,68883,122],{"class":64},[50,68885,35950],{"class":125},[50,68887,1770],{"class":64},[20,68889,2091],{},[41,68891,68892],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68893,68894],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68895,68896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68897,46430],{"class":101},[20,68899,68900,68901,18953,68903,129],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68902,2076],{},[15,68904,2082],{},[20,68906,68907],{},"Indexes are:",[233,68909,68910,68917,68923],{},[236,68911,68912,68914,68915],{},[15,68913,1215],{}," for ",[15,68916,18089],{},[236,68918,68919,68914,68921],{},[15,68920,3011],{},[15,68922,65414],{},[236,68924,68925,68914,68927],{},[15,68926,2076],{},[15,68928,66300],{},[20,68930,68931],{},"So this causes an error:",[41,68933,68935],{"className":43,"code":68934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68936,68937,68969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68938,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963,68965,68967],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68940,35897],{"class":56},[50,68942,61],{"class":60},[50,68944,3652],{"class":64},[50,68946,69],{"class":68},[50,68948,380],{"class":72},[50,68950,69],{"class":68},[50,68952,89],{"class":64},[50,68954,81],{"class":68},[50,68956,4784],{"class":72},[50,68958,69],{"class":68},[50,68960,89],{"class":64},[50,68962,81],{"class":68},[50,68964,9763],{"class":72},[50,68966,69],{"class":68},[50,68968,788],{"class":64},[50,68970,68971,68973,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68972,119],{"class":118},[50,68974,122],{"class":64},[50,68976,35950],{"class":125},[50,68978,779],{"class":64},[50,68980,11181],{"class":118},[50,68982,122],{"class":64},[50,68984,35950],{"class":125},[50,68986,10701],{"class":64},[20,68988,8523,68989,4807,68992,68994,68995,68997],{},[15,68990,68991],{},"len(letters)",[15,68993,2082],{},", and index ",[15,68996,2082],{}," does not exist.",[20,68999,18830],{},[41,69001,69003],{"className":43,"code":69002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69004,69005,69037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69006,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69008,35897],{"class":56},[50,69010,61],{"class":60},[50,69012,3652],{"class":64},[50,69014,69],{"class":68},[50,69016,380],{"class":72},[50,69018,69],{"class":68},[50,69020,89],{"class":64},[50,69022,81],{"class":68},[50,69024,4784],{"class":72},[50,69026,69],{"class":68},[50,69028,89],{"class":64},[50,69030,81],{"class":68},[50,69032,9763],{"class":72},[50,69034,69],{"class":68},[50,69036,788],{"class":64},[50,69038,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69040,119],{"class":118},[50,69042,122],{"class":64},[50,69044,35950],{"class":125},[50,69046,779],{"class":64},[50,69048,11181],{"class":118},[50,69050,122],{"class":64},[50,69052,35950],{"class":125},[50,69054,1206],{"class":64},[50,69056,2242],{"class":60},[50,69058,5521],{"class":101},[50,69060,3911],{"class":64},[20,69062,2091],{},[41,69064,69066],{"className":43,"code":69065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"c\n",[15,69067,69068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69069,69070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69071,69065],{"class":56},[20,69073,69074,69075,129],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[380,69076,69078],{"href":69077},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[811,69080,8444,69082,69084],{"id":69081},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69083,42172],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69086,69087],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69089,69090],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[41,69092,69094],{"className":43,"code":69093,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69095,69096,69106,69120,69134],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69097,69098,69100,69102,69104],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69099,119],{"class":118},[50,69101,122],{"class":64},[50,69103,8365],{"class":125},[50,69105,414],{"class":64},[50,69107,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69109,119],{"class":118},[50,69111,122],{"class":64},[50,69113,11181],{"class":118},[50,69115,122],{"class":64},[50,69117,8365],{"class":125},[50,69119,1770],{"class":64},[50,69121,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69123,119],{"class":118},[50,69125,122],{"class":64},[50,69127,1780],{"class":1779},[50,69129,122],{"class":64},[50,69131,8365],{"class":125},[50,69133,1770],{"class":64},[50,69135,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,69137,119],{"class":118},[50,69139,122],{"class":64},[50,69141,8365],{"class":125},[50,69143,779],{"class":64},[50,69145,1215],{"class":101},[50,69147,3911],{"class":64},[20,69149,69150],{},"These help you verify:",[233,69152,69153,69156,69158,69161],{},[236,69154,69155],{},"what the variable contains",[236,69157,60602],{},[236,69159,69160],{},"whether it is really a list",[236,69162,69163],{},"what the first item is",[20,69165,69166,69167,69170],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69168,69169],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[219,69172,582,69174,69176],{"id":69173},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69175,42172],{}," with lists",[20,69178,69179,69180,69182],{},"You will often use ",[15,69181,42172],{}," in real programs.",[20,69184,9397],{},[233,69186,69187,69189,69192,69195],{},[236,69188,51585],{},[236,69190,69191],{},"Control loops",[236,69193,69194],{},"Validate input or results",[236,69196,69197],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69199,69200],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[41,69202,69204],{"className":43,"code":69203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69205,69206,69226,69242,69246,69260,69274],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69207,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69209,2577],{"class":56},[50,69211,61],{"class":60},[50,69213,3652],{"class":64},[50,69215,3011],{"class":101},[50,69217,89],{"class":64},[50,69219,3016],{"class":101},[50,69221,89],{"class":64},[50,69223,2473],{"class":101},[50,69225,788],{"class":64},[50,69227,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69229,2605],{"class":56},[50,69231,61],{"class":60},[50,69233,3652],{"class":64},[50,69235,2352],{"class":101},[50,69237,89],{"class":64},[50,69239,7816],{"class":101},[50,69241,788],{"class":64},[50,69243,69244],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69245,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69247,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,69249,119],{"class":118},[50,69251,122],{"class":64},[50,69253,11181],{"class":118},[50,69255,122],{"class":64},[50,69257,380],{"class":125},[50,69259,1770],{"class":64},[50,69261,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,69263,119],{"class":118},[50,69265,122],{"class":64},[50,69267,11181],{"class":118},[50,69269,122],{"class":64},[50,69271,4784],{"class":125},[50,69273,1770],{"class":64},[50,69275,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,69277,119],{"class":118},[50,69279,122],{"class":64},[50,69281,11181],{"class":118},[50,69283,122],{"class":64},[50,69285,380],{"class":125},[50,69287,1206],{"class":64},[50,69289,38205],{"class":60},[50,69291,38195],{"class":118},[50,69293,122],{"class":64},[50,69295,4784],{"class":125},[50,69297,1770],{"class":64},[20,69299,2091],{},[41,69301,69303],{"className":43,"code":69302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69304,69305,69309,69313],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69306,69307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69308,46430],{"class":101},[50,69310,69311],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69312,17055],{"class":101},[50,69314,69315],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69316,4002],{"class":1494},[20,69318,69319],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[41,69321,69323],{"className":43,"code":69322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69324,69325,69357,69361,69383],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69326,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335,69337,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69328,5018],{"class":56},[50,69330,61],{"class":60},[50,69332,3652],{"class":64},[50,69334,69],{"class":68},[50,69336,84],{"class":72},[50,69338,69],{"class":68},[50,69340,89],{"class":64},[50,69342,81],{"class":68},[50,69344,35747],{"class":72},[50,69346,69],{"class":68},[50,69348,89],{"class":64},[50,69350,81],{"class":68},[50,69352,35756],{"class":72},[50,69354,69],{"class":68},[50,69356,788],{"class":64},[50,69358,69359],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69360,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69362,69363,69365,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69364,5982],{"class":1622},[50,69366,69367],{"class":56}," i ",[50,69369,1562],{"class":1622},[50,69371,53886],{"class":118},[50,69373,122],{"class":64},[50,69375,11181],{"class":118},[50,69377,122],{"class":64},[50,69379,5062],{"class":125},[50,69381,69382],{"class":64},")):\n",[50,69384,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69396,69398,69400],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,69386,8094],{"class":118},[50,69388,122],{"class":64},[50,69390,35961],{"class":125},[50,69392,89],{"class":64},[50,69394,69395],{"class":125}," names",[50,69397,779],{"class":64},[50,69399,35961],{"class":125},[50,69401,3911],{"class":64},[20,69403,2091],{},[41,69405,69406],{"className":43,"code":35805,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69407,69408,69414,69420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69409,69410,69412],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69411,1215],{"class":101},[50,69413,35814],{"class":56},[50,69415,69416,69418],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69417,3011],{"class":101},[50,69419,35821],{"class":56},[50,69421,69422,69424],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69423,2076],{"class":101},[50,69425,35828],{"class":56},[20,69427,69428,69429,129],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[380,69430,69432],{"href":69431},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69434,69435,69436,69438],{},"You can also read ",[380,69437,51362],{"href":51361}," for a task-focused guide.",[219,69440,1857],{"id":1856},[811,69442,69444],{"id":69443},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69446,212,69447,69450],{},[15,69448,69449],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[811,69452,5164,69454,12726],{"id":69453},"what-does-len-return",[15,69455,69456],{},"len([])",[20,69458,5170,69459,69461],{},[15,69460,1215],{}," because the list is empty.",[811,69463,69465],{"id":69464},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69467,69468],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[811,69470,28129,69472,69474],{"id":69471},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69473,68650],{}," in Python?",[20,69476,30072,69477,8248,69479,69481],{},[15,69478,68096],{},[15,69480,42172],{}," is a built-in function.",[219,69483,1909],{"id":1908},[233,69485,69486,69492,69496,69500,69504],{},[236,69487,69488],{},[380,69489,3603,69490,3536],{"href":42169},[15,69491,42172],{},[236,69493,69494],{},[380,69495,52406],{"href":51361},[236,69497,69498],{},[380,69499,52587],{"href":50794},[236,69501,69502],{},[380,69503,69078],{"href":69077},[236,69505,69506],{},[380,69507,69508],{"href":69431},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1944,69510,69511],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":69513},[69514,69515,69517,69518,69519,69520,69528,69530,69538],{"id":15166,"depth":108,"text":15167},{"id":68088,"depth":108,"text":69516},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5810,"depth":108,"text":5811},{"id":68357,"depth":108,"text":68358},{"id":68498,"depth":108,"text":68499},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":69521},[69522,69524,69525,69526],{"id":68647,"depth":115,"text":69523},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25486,"depth":115,"text":25487},{"id":68827,"depth":115,"text":68828},{"id":69081,"depth":115,"text":69527},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69173,"depth":108,"text":69529},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":69531},[69532,69533,69535,69536],{"id":69443,"depth":115,"text":69444},{"id":69453,"depth":115,"text":69534},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69464,"depth":115,"text":69465},{"id":69471,"depth":115,"text":69537},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67983,"description":69539},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69545,"title":69546,"body":69547,"description":71529,"extension":1981,"meta":71530,"navigation":111,"path":71531,"seo":71532,"stem":71533,"__hash__":71534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69548,"toc":71502},[69549,69552,69557,69560,69568,69581,69583,69648,69650,69672,69677,69681,69686,69694,69696,69706,69708,69789,69791,69821,69823,69842,69847,69864,69866,69950,69952,69982,69987,69991,69997,70081,70083,70113,70116,70120,70123,70214,70216,70254,70257,70342,70344,70374,70380,70387,70391,70396,70405,70407,70492,70494,70523,70526,70534,70538,70542,70551,70574,70576,70598,70600,70614,70616,70676,70680,70685,70724,70726,70743,70745,70755,70854,70859,70863,70868,70911,70913,70941,70943,70957,71032,71034,71056,71060,71063,71068,71079,71084,71092,71095,71166,71168,71193,71250,71252,71273,71282,71290,71295,71297,71302,71323,71326,71401,71404,71418,71425,71427,71431,71437,71441,71451,71455,71462,71466,71472,71474,71499],[10,69550,69546],{"id":69551},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69553,69554,69556],{},[15,69555,54898],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69558,69559],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[233,69561,69562,69565],{},[236,69563,69564],{},"delete an item from a list",[236,69566,69567],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69569,69570,69571,69573,69574,8733,69576,69580],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69572,12773],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69575,12773],{},[380,69577,69578],{"href":54888},[15,69579,55345],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[219,69582,2022],{"id":2021},[41,69584,69586],{"className":43,"code":69585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69587,69588,69608,69623,69627,69638],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69589,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69591,3647],{"class":56},[50,69593,61],{"class":60},[50,69595,3652],{"class":64},[50,69597,2352],{"class":101},[50,69599,89],{"class":64},[50,69601,7816],{"class":101},[50,69603,89],{"class":64},[50,69605,7821],{"class":101},[50,69607,788],{"class":64},[50,69609,69610,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69611,69612],{"class":56},"last_item ",[50,69614,61],{"class":60},[50,69616,4287],{"class":56},[50,69618,129],{"class":64},[50,69620,26041],{"class":125},[50,69622,8671],{"class":64},[50,69624,69625],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69626,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69628,69629,69631,69633,69636],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,69630,119],{"class":118},[50,69632,122],{"class":64},[50,69634,69635],{"class":125},"last_item",[50,69637,414],{"class":64},[50,69639,69640,69642,69644,69646],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,69641,119],{"class":118},[50,69643,122],{"class":64},[50,69645,3678],{"class":125},[50,69647,414],{"class":64},[20,69649,2091],{},[41,69651,69653],{"className":43,"code":69652,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69654,69655,69660],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69656,69657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69658,69659],{"class":101},"30\n",[50,69661,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69663,779],{"class":64},[50,69665,2352],{"class":101},[50,69667,89],{"class":64},[50,69669,7816],{"class":101},[50,69671,788],{"class":64},[20,69673,212,69674,69676],{},[15,69675,12773],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[219,69678,69680],{"id":69679},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69682,69683,69685],{},[15,69684,12773],{}," has two main jobs:",[233,69687,69688,69691],{},[236,69689,69690],{},"It removes one item from a list",[236,69692,69693],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69695,43462],{},[233,69697,69698,69701,69704],{},[236,69699,69700],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[236,69702,69703],{},"It changes the original list",[236,69705,52561],{},[20,69707,253],{},[41,69709,69711],{"className":43,"code":69710,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69712,69713,69745,69749,69764,69768,69779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69714,69715,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69716,13084],{"class":56},[50,69718,61],{"class":60},[50,69720,3652],{"class":64},[50,69722,69],{"class":68},[50,69724,13101],{"class":72},[50,69726,69],{"class":68},[50,69728,89],{"class":64},[50,69730,81],{"class":68},[50,69732,17448],{"class":72},[50,69734,69],{"class":68},[50,69736,89],{"class":64},[50,69738,81],{"class":68},[50,69740,13118],{"class":72},[50,69742,69],{"class":68},[50,69744,788],{"class":64},[50,69746,69747],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69748,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69750,69751,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69752,69753],{"class":56},"removed ",[50,69755,61],{"class":60},[50,69757,13132],{"class":56},[50,69759,129],{"class":64},[50,69761,26041],{"class":125},[50,69763,8671],{"class":64},[50,69765,69766],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,69767,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69769,69770,69772,69774,69777],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,69771,119],{"class":118},[50,69773,122],{"class":64},[50,69775,69776],{"class":125},"removed",[50,69778,414],{"class":64},[50,69780,69781,69783,69785,69787],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,69782,119],{"class":118},[50,69784,122],{"class":64},[50,69786,17495],{"class":125},[50,69788,414],{"class":64},[20,69790,2091],{},[41,69792,69794],{"className":43,"code":69793,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69795,69796,69801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69797,69798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69799,69800],{"class":56},"blue\n",[50,69802,69803,69805,69807,69809,69811,69813,69815,69817,69819],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69804,779],{"class":64},[50,69806,1736],{"class":68},[50,69808,13101],{"class":72},[50,69810,1736],{"class":68},[50,69812,89],{"class":64},[50,69814,3321],{"class":68},[50,69816,17448],{"class":72},[50,69818,1736],{"class":68},[50,69820,788],{"class":64},[219,69822,387],{"id":386},[41,69824,69826],{"className":43,"code":69825,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69827,69828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69829,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69831,8119],{"class":1779},[50,69833,129],{"class":64},[50,69835,26041],{"class":125},[50,69837,3008],{"class":64},[50,69839,35652],{"class":125},[50,69841,3911],{"class":64},[20,69843,228,69844,69846],{},[15,69845,35652],{}," is optional.",[233,69848,69849,69855,69861],{},[236,69850,69851,69852,69854],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69853,12773],{}," removes the last item",[236,69856,69857,69858,69860],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69859,12773],{}," removes the item at that position",[236,69862,69863],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69865,253],{},[41,69867,69869],{"className":43,"code":69868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69870,69871,69903,69907,69926,69930,69940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69872,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899,69901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69874,35897],{"class":56},[50,69876,61],{"class":60},[50,69878,3652],{"class":64},[50,69880,69],{"class":68},[50,69882,380],{"class":72},[50,69884,69],{"class":68},[50,69886,89],{"class":64},[50,69888,81],{"class":68},[50,69890,4784],{"class":72},[50,69892,69],{"class":68},[50,69894,89],{"class":64},[50,69896,81],{"class":68},[50,69898,9763],{"class":72},[50,69900,69],{"class":68},[50,69902,788],{"class":64},[50,69904,69905],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69906,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69908,69909,69911,69913,69916,69918,69920,69922,69924],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69910,28339],{"class":56},[50,69912,61],{"class":60},[50,69914,69915],{"class":56}," letters",[50,69917,129],{"class":64},[50,69919,26041],{"class":125},[50,69921,122],{"class":64},[50,69923,3011],{"class":101},[50,69925,414],{"class":64},[50,69927,69928],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,69929,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69931,69932,69934,69936,69938],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,69933,119],{"class":118},[50,69935,122],{"class":64},[50,69937,23109],{"class":125},[50,69939,414],{"class":64},[50,69941,69942,69944,69946,69948],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,69943,119],{"class":118},[50,69945,122],{"class":64},[50,69947,35950],{"class":125},[50,69949,414],{"class":64},[20,69951,2091],{},[41,69953,69955],{"className":43,"code":69954,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69956,69957,69962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69958,69959],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69960,69961],{"class":56},"b\n",[50,69963,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69965,779],{"class":64},[50,69967,1736],{"class":68},[50,69969,380],{"class":72},[50,69971,1736],{"class":68},[50,69973,89],{"class":64},[50,69975,3321],{"class":68},[50,69977,9763],{"class":72},[50,69979,1736],{"class":68},[50,69981,788],{"class":64},[20,69983,69984,69985,129],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[380,69986,52587],{"href":50794},[219,69988,69990],{"id":69989},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69992,69993,69994,69996],{},"When you call ",[15,69995,12773],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[41,69998,70000],{"className":43,"code":69999,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70001,70002,70037,70041,70056,70060,70071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70003,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70015,70017,70019,70021,70024,70026,70028,70030,70033,70035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70005,29699],{"class":56},[50,70007,61],{"class":60},[50,70009,3652],{"class":64},[50,70011,69],{"class":68},[50,70013,70014],{"class":72},"write",[50,70016,69],{"class":68},[50,70018,89],{"class":64},[50,70020,81],{"class":68},[50,70022,70023],{"class":72},"test",[50,70025,69],{"class":68},[50,70027,89],{"class":64},[50,70029,81],{"class":68},[50,70031,70032],{"class":72},"submit",[50,70034,69],{"class":68},[50,70036,788],{"class":64},[50,70038,70039],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70040,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70042,70043,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70044,70045],{"class":56},"last_task ",[50,70047,61],{"class":60},[50,70049,29777],{"class":56},[50,70051,129],{"class":64},[50,70053,26041],{"class":125},[50,70055,8671],{"class":64},[50,70057,70058],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,70059,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70061,70062,70064,70066,70069],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,70063,119],{"class":118},[50,70065,122],{"class":64},[50,70067,70068],{"class":125},"last_task",[50,70070,414],{"class":64},[50,70072,70073,70075,70077,70079],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,70074,119],{"class":118},[50,70076,122],{"class":64},[50,70078,36313],{"class":125},[50,70080,414],{"class":64},[20,70082,2091],{},[41,70084,70086],{"className":43,"code":70085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70087,70088,70093],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70089,70090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70091,70092],{"class":56},"submit\n",[50,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70096,779],{"class":64},[50,70098,1736],{"class":68},[50,70100,70014],{"class":72},[50,70102,1736],{"class":68},[50,70104,89],{"class":64},[50,70106,3321],{"class":68},[50,70108,70023],{"class":72},[50,70110,1736],{"class":68},[50,70112,788],{"class":64},[20,70114,70115],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[219,70117,70119],{"id":70118},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70121,70122],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[41,70124,70126],{"className":43,"code":70125,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70127,70128,70168,70172,70190,70194,70204],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70129,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70131,36046],{"class":56},[50,70133,61],{"class":60},[50,70135,3652],{"class":64},[50,70137,69],{"class":68},[50,70139,4102],{"class":72},[50,70141,69],{"class":68},[50,70143,89],{"class":64},[50,70145,81],{"class":68},[50,70147,4111],{"class":72},[50,70149,69],{"class":68},[50,70151,89],{"class":64},[50,70153,81],{"class":68},[50,70155,4120],{"class":72},[50,70157,69],{"class":68},[50,70159,89],{"class":64},[50,70161,81],{"class":68},[50,70163,33024],{"class":72},[50,70165,69],{"class":68},[50,70167,788],{"class":64},[50,70169,70170],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70171,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70173,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70175,69753],{"class":56},[50,70177,61],{"class":60},[50,70179,52667],{"class":56},[50,70181,129],{"class":64},[50,70183,26041],{"class":125},[50,70185,122],{"class":64},[50,70187,3011],{"class":101},[50,70189,414],{"class":64},[50,70191,70192],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,70193,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70195,70196,70198,70200,70202],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,70197,119],{"class":118},[50,70199,122],{"class":64},[50,70201,69776],{"class":125},[50,70203,414],{"class":64},[50,70205,70206,70208,70210,70212],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,70207,119],{"class":118},[50,70209,122],{"class":64},[50,70211,36098],{"class":125},[50,70213,414],{"class":64},[20,70215,2091],{},[41,70217,70219],{"className":43,"code":70218,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70220,70221,70226],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70222,70223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70224,70225],{"class":56},"banana\n",[50,70227,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70229,779],{"class":64},[50,70231,1736],{"class":68},[50,70233,4102],{"class":72},[50,70235,1736],{"class":68},[50,70237,89],{"class":64},[50,70239,3321],{"class":68},[50,70241,4120],{"class":72},[50,70243,1736],{"class":68},[50,70245,89],{"class":64},[50,70247,3321],{"class":68},[50,70249,33024],{"class":72},[50,70251,1736],{"class":68},[50,70253,788],{"class":64},[20,70255,70256],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[41,70258,70260],{"className":43,"code":70259,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70261,70262,70294,70298,70318,70322,70332],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70263,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70265,36046],{"class":56},[50,70267,61],{"class":60},[50,70269,3652],{"class":64},[50,70271,69],{"class":68},[50,70273,4102],{"class":72},[50,70275,69],{"class":68},[50,70277,89],{"class":64},[50,70279,81],{"class":68},[50,70281,4111],{"class":72},[50,70283,69],{"class":68},[50,70285,89],{"class":64},[50,70287,81],{"class":68},[50,70289,4120],{"class":72},[50,70291,69],{"class":68},[50,70293,788],{"class":64},[50,70295,70296],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70297,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70299,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70301,69753],{"class":56},[50,70303,61],{"class":60},[50,70305,52667],{"class":56},[50,70307,129],{"class":64},[50,70309,26041],{"class":125},[50,70311,122],{"class":64},[50,70313,2041],{"class":60},[50,70315,3011],{"class":101},[50,70317,414],{"class":64},[50,70319,70320],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,70321,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70323,70324,70326,70328,70330],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,70325,119],{"class":118},[50,70327,122],{"class":64},[50,70329,69776],{"class":125},[50,70331,414],{"class":64},[50,70333,70334,70336,70338,70340],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,70335,119],{"class":118},[50,70337,122],{"class":64},[50,70339,36098],{"class":125},[50,70341,414],{"class":64},[20,70343,2091],{},[41,70345,70347],{"className":43,"code":70346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70348,70349,70354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70350,70351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70352,70353],{"class":56},"cherry\n",[50,70355,70356,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70357,779],{"class":64},[50,70359,1736],{"class":68},[50,70361,4102],{"class":72},[50,70363,1736],{"class":68},[50,70365,89],{"class":64},[50,70367,3321],{"class":68},[50,70369,4111],{"class":72},[50,70371,1736],{"class":68},[50,70373,788],{"class":64},[20,70375,70376,70377,70379],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70378,65673],{}," means the last item.",[20,70381,70382,70383,129],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[380,70384,70385,1845],{"href":58782},[15,70386,64684],{},[219,70388,70390],{"id":70389},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70392,70393,70395],{},[15,70394,12773],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70397,70398,70399,1846,70401,129],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70400,12773],{},[380,70402,70403],{"href":54888},[15,70404,55345],{},[20,70406,253],{},[41,70408,70410],{"className":43,"code":70409,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70411,70412,70444,70448,70467,70471,70482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70413,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70415,5018],{"class":56},[50,70417,61],{"class":60},[50,70419,3652],{"class":64},[50,70421,69],{"class":68},[50,70423,84],{"class":72},[50,70425,69],{"class":68},[50,70427,89],{"class":64},[50,70429,81],{"class":68},[50,70431,35747],{"class":72},[50,70433,69],{"class":68},[50,70435,89],{"class":64},[50,70437,81],{"class":68},[50,70439,35756],{"class":72},[50,70441,69],{"class":68},[50,70443,788],{"class":64},[50,70445,70446],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70447,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70449,70450,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70451,70452],{"class":56},"removed_name ",[50,70454,61],{"class":60},[50,70456,69395],{"class":56},[50,70458,129],{"class":64},[50,70460,26041],{"class":125},[50,70462,122],{"class":64},[50,70464,1215],{"class":101},[50,70466,414],{"class":64},[50,70468,70469],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,70470,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70472,70473,70475,70477,70480],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,70474,119],{"class":118},[50,70476,122],{"class":64},[50,70478,70479],{"class":125},"removed_name",[50,70481,414],{"class":64},[50,70483,70484,70486,70488,70490],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,70485,119],{"class":118},[50,70487,122],{"class":64},[50,70489,5062],{"class":125},[50,70491,414],{"class":64},[20,70493,2091],{},[41,70495,70497],{"className":43,"code":70496,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70498,70499,70503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70500,70501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70502,49854],{"class":56},[50,70504,70505,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70506,779],{"class":64},[50,70508,1736],{"class":68},[50,70510,35747],{"class":72},[50,70512,1736],{"class":68},[50,70514,89],{"class":64},[50,70516,3321],{"class":68},[50,70518,35756],{"class":72},[50,70520,1736],{"class":68},[50,70522,788],{"class":64},[20,70524,70525],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70527,70528,70529,70531,70532,129],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70530,55345],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70533,38],{},[219,70535,70537],{"id":70536},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[811,70539,70541],{"id":70540},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70543,70544,70545,70547,70548,129],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70546,12773],{}," raises an ",[15,70549,70550],{},"IndexError",[41,70552,70554],{"className":43,"code":70553,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70555,70556,70564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70557,70558,70560,70562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70559,7805],{"class":56},[50,70561,61],{"class":60},[50,70563,7865],{"class":64},[50,70565,70566,70568,70570,70572],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70567,7836],{"class":56},[50,70569,129],{"class":64},[50,70571,26041],{"class":125},[50,70573,8671],{"class":64},[20,70575,2091],{},[41,70577,70579],{"className":43,"code":70578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70580,70581],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70582,70583,70585,70587,70590,70593,70596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70584,70550],{"class":1779},[50,70586,78],{"class":64},[50,70588,70589],{"class":56}," pop ",[50,70591,70592],{"class":1622},"from",[50,70594,70595],{"class":56}," empty ",[50,70597,49700],{"class":1779},[20,70599,39071],{},[233,70601,70602,70607],{},[236,70603,70604,70605],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70606,12773],{},[236,70608,70609,70610,1846,70612],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70611,29605],{},[15,70613,29636],{},[20,70615,253],{},[41,70617,70619],{"className":43,"code":70618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70620,70621,70629,70633,70641,70655,70661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70622,70623,70625,70627],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70624,7805],{"class":56},[50,70626,61],{"class":60},[50,70628,7865],{"class":64},[50,70630,70631],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70632,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70634,70635,70637,70639],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70636,7023],{"class":1622},[50,70638,5990],{"class":56},[50,70640,6417],{"class":64},[50,70642,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,70644,8094],{"class":118},[50,70646,122],{"class":64},[50,70648,7836],{"class":125},[50,70650,129],{"class":64},[50,70652,26041],{"class":125},[50,70654,1727],{"class":64},[50,70656,70657,70659],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,70658,27234],{"class":1622},[50,70660,6417],{"class":64},[50,70662,70663,70665,70667,70669,70672,70674],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,70664,8094],{"class":118},[50,70666,122],{"class":64},[50,70668,69],{"class":68},[50,70670,70671],{"class":72},"The list is empty.",[50,70673,69],{"class":68},[50,70675,414],{"class":64},[811,70677,70679],{"id":70678},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70681,70682,70683,129],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70684,70550],{},[41,70686,70688],{"className":43,"code":70687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70689,70690,70710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70691,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70693,3647],{"class":56},[50,70695,61],{"class":60},[50,70697,3652],{"class":64},[50,70699,2352],{"class":101},[50,70701,89],{"class":64},[50,70703,7816],{"class":101},[50,70705,89],{"class":64},[50,70707,7821],{"class":101},[50,70709,788],{"class":64},[50,70711,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720,70722],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70713,3678],{"class":56},[50,70715,129],{"class":64},[50,70717,26041],{"class":125},[50,70719,122],{"class":64},[50,70721,2157],{"class":101},[50,70723,414],{"class":64},[20,70725,2091],{},[41,70727,70729],{"className":43,"code":70728,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70730,70731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70732,70733,70735,70737,70740],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70734,70550],{"class":1779},[50,70736,78],{"class":64},[50,70738,70739],{"class":56}," pop index out of ",[50,70741,70742],{"class":118},"range\n",[20,70744,39071],{},[233,70746,70747,70752],{},[236,70748,70749,70750],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70751,42172],{},[236,70753,70754],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[41,70756,70758],{"className":43,"code":70757,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70759,70760,70780,70789,70793,70815,70833,70839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70761,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70763,3647],{"class":56},[50,70765,61],{"class":60},[50,70767,3652],{"class":64},[50,70769,2352],{"class":101},[50,70771,89],{"class":64},[50,70773,7816],{"class":101},[50,70775,89],{"class":64},[50,70777,7821],{"class":101},[50,70779,788],{"class":64},[50,70781,70782,70785,70787],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70783,70784],{"class":56},"index ",[50,70786,61],{"class":60},[50,70788,45402],{"class":101},[50,70790,70791],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70792,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70794,70795,70797,70799,70802,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,70796,7023],{"class":1622},[50,70798,1192],{"class":101},[50,70800,70801],{"class":60}," \u003C=",[50,70803,70804],{"class":56}," index ",[50,70806,3315],{"class":60},[50,70808,38195],{"class":118},[50,70810,122],{"class":64},[50,70812,3678],{"class":125},[50,70814,8368],{"class":64},[50,70816,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,70818,8094],{"class":118},[50,70820,122],{"class":64},[50,70822,3678],{"class":125},[50,70824,129],{"class":64},[50,70826,26041],{"class":125},[50,70828,122],{"class":64},[50,70830,35652],{"class":125},[50,70832,1770],{"class":64},[50,70834,70835,70837],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,70836,27234],{"class":1622},[50,70838,6417],{"class":64},[50,70840,70841,70843,70845,70847,70850,70852],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,70842,8094],{"class":118},[50,70844,122],{"class":64},[50,70846,69],{"class":68},[50,70848,70849],{"class":72},"Index is out of range.",[50,70851,69],{"class":68},[50,70853,414],{"class":64},[20,70855,70856,70857,129],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[380,70858,69078],{"href":69077},[811,70860,70862],{"id":70861},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70864,70865,70867],{},[15,70866,12773],{}," expects an integer index.",[41,70869,70871],{"className":43,"code":70870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70872,70873,70893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70874,70875,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70876,3647],{"class":56},[50,70878,61],{"class":60},[50,70880,3652],{"class":64},[50,70882,2352],{"class":101},[50,70884,89],{"class":64},[50,70886,7816],{"class":101},[50,70888,89],{"class":64},[50,70890,7821],{"class":101},[50,70892,788],{"class":64},[50,70894,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907,70909],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70896,3678],{"class":56},[50,70898,129],{"class":64},[50,70900,26041],{"class":125},[50,70902,122],{"class":64},[50,70904,69],{"class":68},[50,70906,3011],{"class":72},[50,70908,69],{"class":68},[50,70910,414],{"class":64},[20,70912,2091],{},[41,70914,70916],{"className":43,"code":70915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70917,70918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70919,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928,70930,70932,70935,70938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70921,3029],{"class":1779},[50,70923,78],{"class":64},[50,70925,3321],{"class":68},[50,70927,3470],{"class":72},[50,70929,1736],{"class":68},[50,70931,24416],{"class":1779},[50,70933,70934],{"class":56}," cannot be interpreted ",[50,70936,70937],{"class":1622},"as",[50,70939,70940],{"class":56}," an integer\n",[20,70942,39071],{},[233,70944,70945,70954],{},[236,70946,70947,70948,32,70950,2213,70952],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70949,1215],{},[15,70951,3011],{},[15,70953,65673],{},[236,70955,70956],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[41,70958,70960],{"className":43,"code":70959,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70961,70962,70982,71000,71004,71022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70963,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978,70980],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70965,3647],{"class":56},[50,70967,61],{"class":60},[50,70969,3652],{"class":64},[50,70971,2352],{"class":101},[50,70973,89],{"class":64},[50,70975,7816],{"class":101},[50,70977,89],{"class":64},[50,70979,7821],{"class":101},[50,70981,788],{"class":64},[50,70983,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992,70994,70996,70998],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70985,70784],{"class":56},[50,70987,61],{"class":60},[50,70989,45089],{"class":1779},[50,70991,122],{"class":64},[50,70993,69],{"class":68},[50,70995,3011],{"class":72},[50,70997,69],{"class":68},[50,70999,414],{"class":64},[50,71001,71002],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71003,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71005,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,71007,119],{"class":118},[50,71009,122],{"class":64},[50,71011,3678],{"class":125},[50,71013,129],{"class":64},[50,71015,26041],{"class":125},[50,71017,122],{"class":64},[50,71019,35652],{"class":125},[50,71021,1770],{"class":64},[50,71023,71024,71026,71028,71030],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,71025,119],{"class":118},[50,71027,122],{"class":64},[50,71029,3678],{"class":125},[50,71031,414],{"class":64},[20,71033,2091],{},[41,71035,71037],{"className":43,"code":71036,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71038,71039,71044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71040,71041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71042,71043],{"class":101},"20\n",[50,71045,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71047,779],{"class":64},[50,71049,2352],{"class":101},[50,71051,89],{"class":64},[50,71053,7821],{"class":101},[50,71055,788],{"class":64},[219,71057,71059],{"id":71058},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71061,71062],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[811,71064,212,71066,589],{"id":71065},"use-pop-when",[15,71067,12773],{},[233,71069,71070,71073,71076],{},[236,71071,71072],{},"you want to remove by index",[236,71074,71075],{},"you want the removed item returned",[236,71077,71078],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[811,71080,212,71082,589],{"id":71081},"use-remove-when",[15,71083,55345],{},[233,71085,71086,71089],{},[236,71087,71088],{},"you want to remove by value",[236,71090,71091],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71093,71094],{},"Compare these examples:",[41,71096,71098],{"className":43,"code":71097,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71099,71100,71124,71128,71146,71156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71101,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71103,3647],{"class":56},[50,71105,61],{"class":60},[50,71107,3652],{"class":64},[50,71109,2352],{"class":101},[50,71111,89],{"class":64},[50,71113,7816],{"class":101},[50,71115,89],{"class":64},[50,71117,7821],{"class":101},[50,71119,89],{"class":64},[50,71121,7816],{"class":101},[50,71123,788],{"class":64},[50,71125,71126],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71127,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71129,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71131,69753],{"class":56},[50,71133,61],{"class":60},[50,71135,4287],{"class":56},[50,71137,129],{"class":64},[50,71139,26041],{"class":125},[50,71141,122],{"class":64},[50,71143,3011],{"class":101},[50,71145,414],{"class":64},[50,71147,71148,71150,71152,71154],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,71149,119],{"class":118},[50,71151,122],{"class":64},[50,71153,69776],{"class":125},[50,71155,414],{"class":64},[50,71157,71158,71160,71162,71164],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,71159,119],{"class":118},[50,71161,122],{"class":64},[50,71163,3678],{"class":125},[50,71165,414],{"class":64},[20,71167,2091],{},[41,71169,71171],{"className":43,"code":71170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71172,71173,71177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71174,71175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71176,71043],{"class":101},[50,71178,71179,71181,71183,71185,71187,71189,71191],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71180,779],{"class":64},[50,71182,2352],{"class":101},[50,71184,89],{"class":64},[50,71186,7821],{"class":101},[50,71188,89],{"class":64},[50,71190,7816],{"class":101},[50,71192,788],{"class":64},[41,71194,71196],{"className":43,"code":71195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71197,71198,71222,71226,71240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71199,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71201,3647],{"class":56},[50,71203,61],{"class":60},[50,71205,3652],{"class":64},[50,71207,2352],{"class":101},[50,71209,89],{"class":64},[50,71211,7816],{"class":101},[50,71213,89],{"class":64},[50,71215,7821],{"class":101},[50,71217,89],{"class":64},[50,71219,7816],{"class":101},[50,71221,788],{"class":64},[50,71223,71224],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71225,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71227,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71229,3678],{"class":56},[50,71231,129],{"class":64},[50,71233,34599],{"class":125},[50,71235,122],{"class":64},[50,71237,15755],{"class":101},[50,71239,414],{"class":64},[50,71241,71242,71244,71246,71248],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,71243,119],{"class":118},[50,71245,122],{"class":64},[50,71247,3678],{"class":125},[50,71249,414],{"class":64},[20,71251,2091],{},[41,71253,71255],{"className":43,"code":71254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71256,71257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71258,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71260,779],{"class":64},[50,71262,2352],{"class":101},[50,71264,89],{"class":64},[50,71266,7821],{"class":101},[50,71268,89],{"class":64},[50,71270,7816],{"class":101},[50,71272,788],{"class":64},[20,71274,71275,71276,71279,71280,129],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71277,71278],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71281,3011],{},[20,71283,56421,71284,71287,71288,129],{},[15,71285,71286],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71289,15755],{},[20,71291,71292,71293,129],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[380,71294,54884],{"href":54883},[219,71296,1663],{"id":1662},[20,71298,71299,71300,78],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71301,12773],{},[233,71303,71304,71307,71310,71316,71320],{},[236,71305,71306],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[236,71308,71309],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[236,71311,37012,71312,8733,71314],{},[15,71313,12773],{},[15,71315,55345],{},[236,71317,8480,71318,61790],{},[15,71319,12773],{},[236,71321,71322],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71324,71325],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[41,71327,71329],{"className":43,"code":71328,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71330,71331,71341,71355,71369,71387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71332,71333,71335,71337,71339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71334,119],{"class":118},[50,71336,122],{"class":64},[50,71338,8365],{"class":125},[50,71340,414],{"class":64},[50,71342,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351,71353],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71344,119],{"class":118},[50,71346,122],{"class":64},[50,71348,11181],{"class":118},[50,71350,122],{"class":64},[50,71352,8365],{"class":125},[50,71354,1770],{"class":64},[50,71356,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71358,119],{"class":118},[50,71360,122],{"class":64},[50,71362,8365],{"class":125},[50,71364,129],{"class":64},[50,71366,26041],{"class":125},[50,71368,1727],{"class":64},[50,71370,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,71372,119],{"class":118},[50,71374,122],{"class":64},[50,71376,8365],{"class":125},[50,71378,129],{"class":64},[50,71380,26041],{"class":125},[50,71382,122],{"class":64},[50,71384,1215],{"class":101},[50,71386,1770],{"class":64},[50,71388,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,71390,119],{"class":118},[50,71392,122],{"class":64},[50,71394,1780],{"class":1779},[50,71396,122],{"class":64},[50,71398,35652],{"class":125},[50,71400,1770],{"class":64},[20,71402,71403],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[233,71405,71406,71412],{},[236,71407,71408,71411],{},[15,71409,71410],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[236,71413,71414,71417],{},[15,71415,71416],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71419,71420,71421,71424],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71422,71423],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[219,71426,1857],{"id":1856},[811,71428,71430],{"id":71429},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71432,71433,71434,71436],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71435,12773],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[811,71438,71440],{"id":71439},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71442,71443,71445,71446,71448,71449,129],{},[15,71444,12773],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71447,55345],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71450,38],{},[811,71452,71454],{"id":71453},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71456,71457,71458,71461],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71459,71460],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[811,71463,71465],{"id":71464},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71467,71468,71469,71471],{},"Python raises ",[15,71470,70550],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[219,71473,1909],{"id":1908},[233,71475,71476,71480,71485,71490,71495],{},[236,71477,71478],{},[380,71479,55331],{"href":54883},[236,71481,71482],{},[380,71483,71484],{"href":54888},"Python list remove() method",[236,71486,71487],{},[380,71488,71489],{"href":58782},"Python list index() method",[236,71491,71492],{},[380,71493,71494],{"href":50794},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[236,71496,71497],{},[380,71498,69078],{"href":69077},[1944,71500,71501],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":71503},[71504,71505,71506,71507,71508,71509,71510,71515,71521,71522,71528],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":69679,"depth":108,"text":69680},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":69989,"depth":108,"text":69990},{"id":70118,"depth":108,"text":70119},{"id":70389,"depth":108,"text":70390},{"id":70536,"depth":108,"text":70537,"children":71511},[71512,71513,71514],{"id":70540,"depth":115,"text":70541},{"id":70678,"depth":115,"text":70679},{"id":70861,"depth":115,"text":70862},{"id":71058,"depth":108,"text":71059,"children":71516},[71517,71519],{"id":71065,"depth":115,"text":71518},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71081,"depth":115,"text":71520},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":71523},[71524,71525,71526,71527],{"id":71429,"depth":115,"text":71430},{"id":71439,"depth":115,"text":71440},{"id":71453,"depth":115,"text":71454},{"id":71464,"depth":115,"text":71465},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69546,"description":71529},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71536,"title":71537,"body":71538,"description":73324,"extension":1981,"meta":73325,"navigation":111,"path":73326,"seo":73327,"stem":73328,"__hash__":73329},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71539,"toc":73306},[71540,71543,71548,71554,71556,71626,71632,71636,71641,71662,71665,71732,71734,71755,71763,71765,71784,71800,71802,71867,71869,71894,71896,71898,71963,71965,71990,71992,72006,72009,72062,72064,72085,72089,72097,72170,72172,72205,72211,72217,72308,72310,72335,72341,72430,72432,72456,72458,72462,72517,72519,72551,72554,72557,72651,72653,72686,72692,72698,72702,72709,72735,72739,72804,72806,72831,72835,72916,72918,72947,72952,72957,72963,72967,72974,72996,73000,73059,73061,73085,73094,73099,73101,73105,73134,73136,73211,73214,73228,73234,73236,73240,73243,73247,73252,73256,73265,73269,73277,73279,73303],[10,71541,71537],{"id":71542},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71544,228,71545,71547],{},[15,71546,54891],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71549,71550,71551,71553],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[997,71552,2495],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[219,71555,2022],{"id":2021},[41,71557,71559],{"className":43,"code":71558,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71560,71561,71593,71611,71621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71562,71563,71565,71567,71569,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579,71581,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71564,7805],{"class":56},[50,71566,61],{"class":60},[50,71568,3652],{"class":64},[50,71570,69],{"class":68},[50,71572,4102],{"class":72},[50,71574,69],{"class":68},[50,71576,89],{"class":64},[50,71578,81],{"class":68},[50,71580,4111],{"class":72},[50,71582,69],{"class":68},[50,71584,89],{"class":64},[50,71586,81],{"class":68},[50,71588,33024],{"class":72},[50,71590,69],{"class":68},[50,71592,788],{"class":64},[50,71594,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71596,7836],{"class":56},[50,71598,129],{"class":64},[50,71600,34599],{"class":125},[50,71602,122],{"class":64},[50,71604,69],{"class":68},[50,71606,4111],{"class":72},[50,71608,69],{"class":68},[50,71610,414],{"class":64},[50,71612,71613,71615,71617,71619],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71614,119],{"class":118},[50,71616,122],{"class":64},[50,71618,7836],{"class":125},[50,71620,414],{"class":64},[50,71622,71623],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,71624,71625],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71627,212,71628,71631],{},[15,71629,71630],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[219,71633,71635],{"id":71634},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71637,71638,71640],{},[15,71639,55345],{}," is a list method that:",[233,71642,71643,71649,71654,71659],{},[236,71644,71645,71646,71648],{},"Deletes the ",[997,71647,29710],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[236,71650,71651,71652],{},"Changes the original list ",[997,71653,11351],{},[236,71655,1861,71656,71658],{},[997,71657,1262],{}," return a new list",[236,71660,71661],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71663,71664],{},"This is important for beginners:",[41,71666,71668],{"className":43,"code":71667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71669,71670,71690,71708,71712,71722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71671,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71673,3647],{"class":56},[50,71675,61],{"class":60},[50,71677,3652],{"class":64},[50,71679,3011],{"class":101},[50,71681,89],{"class":64},[50,71683,3016],{"class":101},[50,71685,89],{"class":64},[50,71687,2473],{"class":101},[50,71689,788],{"class":64},[50,71691,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704,71706],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71693,2250],{"class":56},[50,71695,61],{"class":60},[50,71697,4287],{"class":56},[50,71699,129],{"class":64},[50,71701,34599],{"class":125},[50,71703,122],{"class":64},[50,71705,2076],{"class":101},[50,71707,414],{"class":64},[50,71709,71710],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71711,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71713,71714,71716,71718,71720],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,71715,119],{"class":118},[50,71717,122],{"class":64},[50,71719,3678],{"class":125},[50,71721,414],{"class":64},[50,71723,71724,71726,71728,71730],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,71725,119],{"class":118},[50,71727,122],{"class":64},[50,71729,2285],{"class":125},[50,71731,414],{"class":64},[20,71733,2091],{},[41,71735,71737],{"className":43,"code":71736,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71738,71739,71751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71740,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71742,779],{"class":64},[50,71744,3011],{"class":101},[50,71746,89],{"class":64},[50,71748,2473],{"class":101},[50,71750,788],{"class":64},[50,71752,71753],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71754,11821],{"class":1494},[20,71756,71757,71758,71760,71761,129],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71759,55345],{}," itself returned ",[15,71762,38],{},[219,71764,5454],{"id":5453},[41,71766,71768],{"className":43,"code":71767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71769,71770],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71771,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71773,8119],{"class":1779},[50,71775,129],{"class":64},[50,71777,34599],{"class":125},[50,71779,122],{"class":64},[50,71781,2495],{"class":125},[50,71783,414],{"class":64},[233,71785,71786,71791,71794],{},[236,71787,71788,71790],{},[15,71789,2495],{}," is the item you want to delete",[236,71792,71793],{},"Python searches from left to right",[236,71795,71796,71797,71799],{},"Only the ",[997,71798,29710],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71801,253],{},[41,71803,71805],{"className":43,"code":71804,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71806,71807,71839,71857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71808,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71810,35897],{"class":56},[50,71812,61],{"class":60},[50,71814,3652],{"class":64},[50,71816,69],{"class":68},[50,71818,380],{"class":72},[50,71820,69],{"class":68},[50,71822,89],{"class":64},[50,71824,81],{"class":68},[50,71826,4784],{"class":72},[50,71828,69],{"class":68},[50,71830,89],{"class":64},[50,71832,81],{"class":68},[50,71834,9763],{"class":72},[50,71836,69],{"class":68},[50,71838,788],{"class":64},[50,71840,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71842,35950],{"class":56},[50,71844,129],{"class":64},[50,71846,34599],{"class":125},[50,71848,122],{"class":64},[50,71850,69],{"class":68},[50,71852,4784],{"class":72},[50,71854,69],{"class":68},[50,71856,414],{"class":64},[50,71858,71859,71861,71863,71865],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71860,119],{"class":118},[50,71862,122],{"class":64},[50,71864,35950],{"class":125},[50,71866,414],{"class":64},[20,71868,2091],{},[41,71870,71872],{"className":43,"code":71871,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71873,71874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71875,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71877,779],{"class":64},[50,71879,1736],{"class":68},[50,71881,380],{"class":72},[50,71883,1736],{"class":68},[50,71885,89],{"class":64},[50,71887,3321],{"class":68},[50,71889,9763],{"class":72},[50,71891,1736],{"class":68},[50,71893,788],{"class":64},[219,71895,5811],{"id":5810},[20,71897,64993],{},[41,71899,71901],{"className":43,"code":71900,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71902,71903,71935,71953],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71904,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71906,13084],{"class":56},[50,71908,61],{"class":60},[50,71910,3652],{"class":64},[50,71912,69],{"class":68},[50,71914,13101],{"class":72},[50,71916,69],{"class":68},[50,71918,89],{"class":64},[50,71920,81],{"class":68},[50,71922,13118],{"class":72},[50,71924,69],{"class":68},[50,71926,89],{"class":64},[50,71928,81],{"class":68},[50,71930,17448],{"class":72},[50,71932,69],{"class":68},[50,71934,788],{"class":64},[50,71936,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71938,17495],{"class":56},[50,71940,129],{"class":64},[50,71942,34599],{"class":125},[50,71944,122],{"class":64},[50,71946,69],{"class":68},[50,71948,13118],{"class":72},[50,71950,69],{"class":68},[50,71952,414],{"class":64},[50,71954,71955,71957,71959,71961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71956,119],{"class":118},[50,71958,122],{"class":64},[50,71960,17495],{"class":125},[50,71962,414],{"class":64},[20,71964,2091],{},[41,71966,71968],{"className":43,"code":71967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71969,71970],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71971,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71973,779],{"class":64},[50,71975,1736],{"class":68},[50,71977,13101],{"class":72},[50,71979,1736],{"class":68},[50,71981,89],{"class":64},[50,71983,3321],{"class":68},[50,71985,17448],{"class":72},[50,71987,1736],{"class":68},[50,71989,788],{"class":64},[20,71991,11697],{},[233,71993,71994,71997,72003],{},[236,71995,71996],{},"A list is created with three values",[236,71998,71999,72002],{},[15,72000,72001],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[236,72004,72005],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72007,72008],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[41,72010,72012],{"className":43,"code":72011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72013,72014,72038,72052],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72015,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72017,1128],{"class":56},[50,72019,61],{"class":60},[50,72021,3652],{"class":64},[50,72023,2352],{"class":101},[50,72025,89],{"class":64},[50,72027,7816],{"class":101},[50,72029,89],{"class":64},[50,72031,7821],{"class":101},[50,72033,89],{"class":64},[50,72035,50658],{"class":101},[50,72037,788],{"class":64},[50,72039,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72041,16390],{"class":56},[50,72043,129],{"class":64},[50,72045,34599],{"class":125},[50,72047,122],{"class":64},[50,72049,36649],{"class":101},[50,72051,414],{"class":64},[50,72053,72054,72056,72058,72060],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72055,119],{"class":118},[50,72057,122],{"class":64},[50,72059,16390],{"class":125},[50,72061,414],{"class":64},[20,72063,2091],{},[41,72065,72067],{"className":43,"code":72066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72068,72069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72070,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72072,779],{"class":64},[50,72074,2352],{"class":101},[50,72076,89],{"class":64},[50,72078,7816],{"class":101},[50,72080,89],{"class":64},[50,72082,50658],{"class":101},[50,72084,788],{"class":64},[219,72086,72088],{"id":72087},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72090,64983,72091,72093,72094,72096],{},[15,72092,55345],{}," deletes only the ",[997,72095,29710],{}," one.",[41,72098,72100],{"className":43,"code":72099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72101,72102,72142,72160],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72103,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72105,7805],{"class":56},[50,72107,61],{"class":60},[50,72109,3652],{"class":64},[50,72111,69],{"class":68},[50,72113,4102],{"class":72},[50,72115,69],{"class":68},[50,72117,89],{"class":64},[50,72119,81],{"class":68},[50,72121,4111],{"class":72},[50,72123,69],{"class":68},[50,72125,89],{"class":64},[50,72127,81],{"class":68},[50,72129,4102],{"class":72},[50,72131,69],{"class":68},[50,72133,89],{"class":64},[50,72135,81],{"class":68},[50,72137,33024],{"class":72},[50,72139,69],{"class":68},[50,72141,788],{"class":64},[50,72143,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72145,7836],{"class":56},[50,72147,129],{"class":64},[50,72149,34599],{"class":125},[50,72151,122],{"class":64},[50,72153,69],{"class":68},[50,72155,4102],{"class":72},[50,72157,69],{"class":68},[50,72159,414],{"class":64},[50,72161,72162,72164,72166,72168],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72163,119],{"class":118},[50,72165,122],{"class":64},[50,72167,7836],{"class":125},[50,72169,414],{"class":64},[20,72171,2091],{},[41,72173,72175],{"className":43,"code":72174,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72176,72177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72178,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72180,779],{"class":64},[50,72182,1736],{"class":68},[50,72184,4111],{"class":72},[50,72186,1736],{"class":68},[50,72188,89],{"class":64},[50,72190,3321],{"class":68},[50,72192,4102],{"class":72},[50,72194,1736],{"class":68},[50,72196,89],{"class":64},[50,72198,3321],{"class":68},[50,72200,33024],{"class":72},[50,72202,1736],{"class":68},[50,72204,788],{"class":64},[20,72206,72207,72208,72210],{},"Only the first ",[15,72209,57650],{}," was removed.",[20,72212,72213,72214,72216],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72215,55345],{}," again:",[41,72218,72220],{"className":43,"code":72219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72221,72222,72262,72280,72298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72223,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72225,7805],{"class":56},[50,72227,61],{"class":60},[50,72229,3652],{"class":64},[50,72231,69],{"class":68},[50,72233,4102],{"class":72},[50,72235,69],{"class":68},[50,72237,89],{"class":64},[50,72239,81],{"class":68},[50,72241,4111],{"class":72},[50,72243,69],{"class":68},[50,72245,89],{"class":64},[50,72247,81],{"class":68},[50,72249,4102],{"class":72},[50,72251,69],{"class":68},[50,72253,89],{"class":64},[50,72255,81],{"class":68},[50,72257,33024],{"class":72},[50,72259,69],{"class":68},[50,72261,788],{"class":64},[50,72263,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72265,7836],{"class":56},[50,72267,129],{"class":64},[50,72269,34599],{"class":125},[50,72271,122],{"class":64},[50,72273,69],{"class":68},[50,72275,4102],{"class":72},[50,72277,69],{"class":68},[50,72279,414],{"class":64},[50,72281,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72283,7836],{"class":56},[50,72285,129],{"class":64},[50,72287,34599],{"class":125},[50,72289,122],{"class":64},[50,72291,69],{"class":68},[50,72293,4102],{"class":72},[50,72295,69],{"class":68},[50,72297,414],{"class":64},[50,72299,72300,72302,72304,72306],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,72301,119],{"class":118},[50,72303,122],{"class":64},[50,72305,7836],{"class":125},[50,72307,414],{"class":64},[20,72309,2091],{},[41,72311,72313],{"className":43,"code":72312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72314,72315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72316,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72318,779],{"class":64},[50,72320,1736],{"class":68},[50,72322,4111],{"class":72},[50,72324,1736],{"class":68},[50,72326,89],{"class":64},[50,72328,3321],{"class":68},[50,72330,33024],{"class":72},[50,72332,1736],{"class":68},[50,72334,788],{"class":64},[20,72336,72337,72338,72340],{},"If you need to remove ",[997,72339,3743],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[41,72342,72344],{"className":43,"code":72343,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72345,72346,72386,72420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72347,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72349,7805],{"class":56},[50,72351,61],{"class":60},[50,72353,3652],{"class":64},[50,72355,69],{"class":68},[50,72357,4102],{"class":72},[50,72359,69],{"class":68},[50,72361,89],{"class":64},[50,72363,81],{"class":68},[50,72365,4111],{"class":72},[50,72367,69],{"class":68},[50,72369,89],{"class":64},[50,72371,81],{"class":68},[50,72373,4102],{"class":72},[50,72375,69],{"class":68},[50,72377,89],{"class":64},[50,72379,81],{"class":68},[50,72381,33024],{"class":72},[50,72383,69],{"class":68},[50,72385,788],{"class":64},[50,72387,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72405,72407,72409,72412,72414,72416,72418],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72389,7805],{"class":56},[50,72391,61],{"class":60},[50,72393,3652],{"class":64},[50,72395,28339],{"class":56},[50,72397,5982],{"class":1622},[50,72399,5985],{"class":56},[50,72401,1562],{"class":1622},[50,72403,72404],{"class":56}," items ",[50,72406,7023],{"class":1622},[50,72408,5985],{"class":56},[50,72410,72411],{"class":60},"!=",[50,72413,81],{"class":68},[50,72415,4102],{"class":72},[50,72417,69],{"class":68},[50,72419,788],{"class":64},[50,72421,72422,72424,72426,72428],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72423,119],{"class":118},[50,72425,122],{"class":64},[50,72427,7836],{"class":125},[50,72429,414],{"class":64},[20,72431,2091],{},[41,72433,72434],{"className":43,"code":72312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,72435,72436],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72437,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72439,779],{"class":64},[50,72441,1736],{"class":68},[50,72443,4111],{"class":72},[50,72445,1736],{"class":68},[50,72447,89],{"class":64},[50,72449,3321],{"class":68},[50,72451,33024],{"class":72},[50,72453,1736],{"class":68},[50,72455,788],{"class":64},[219,72457,65449],{"id":65448},[20,72459,65452,72460,129],{},[15,72461,40514],{},[41,72463,72465],{"className":43,"code":72464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72466,72467,72499],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72468,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72470,7805],{"class":56},[50,72472,61],{"class":60},[50,72474,3652],{"class":64},[50,72476,69],{"class":68},[50,72478,4102],{"class":72},[50,72480,69],{"class":68},[50,72482,89],{"class":64},[50,72484,81],{"class":68},[50,72486,4111],{"class":72},[50,72488,69],{"class":68},[50,72490,89],{"class":64},[50,72492,81],{"class":68},[50,72494,33024],{"class":72},[50,72496,69],{"class":68},[50,72498,788],{"class":64},[50,72500,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72502,7836],{"class":56},[50,72504,129],{"class":64},[50,72506,34599],{"class":125},[50,72508,122],{"class":64},[50,72510,69],{"class":68},[50,72512,22331],{"class":72},[50,72514,69],{"class":68},[50,72516,414],{"class":64},[20,72518,2091],{},[41,72520,72522],{"className":43,"code":72521,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72523,72524],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72525,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72527,40514],{"class":1779},[50,72529,78],{"class":64},[50,72531,22358],{"class":1779},[50,72533,129],{"class":64},[50,72535,34599],{"class":125},[50,72537,122],{"class":64},[50,72539,2194],{"class":125},[50,72541,16453],{"class":64},[50,72543,3903],{"class":56},[50,72545,1262],{"class":60},[50,72547,1623],{"class":60},[50,72549,72550],{"class":1779}," list\n",[20,72552,72553],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72555,72556],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[41,72558,72560],{"className":43,"code":72559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72561,72562,72594,72606,72610,72622,72637,72641],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72563,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72565,7805],{"class":56},[50,72567,61],{"class":60},[50,72569,3652],{"class":64},[50,72571,69],{"class":68},[50,72573,4102],{"class":72},[50,72575,69],{"class":68},[50,72577,89],{"class":64},[50,72579,81],{"class":68},[50,72581,4111],{"class":72},[50,72583,69],{"class":68},[50,72585,89],{"class":64},[50,72587,81],{"class":68},[50,72589,33024],{"class":72},[50,72591,69],{"class":68},[50,72593,788],{"class":64},[50,72595,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72597,2468],{"class":56},[50,72599,61],{"class":60},[50,72601,81],{"class":68},[50,72603,22331],{"class":72},[50,72605,3384],{"class":68},[50,72607,72608],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72609,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,72611,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,72613,7023],{"class":1622},[50,72615,21382],{"class":56},[50,72617,1562],{"class":60},[50,72619,5990],{"class":56},[50,72621,6417],{"class":64},[50,72623,72624,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,72625,72626],{"class":56},"    items",[50,72628,129],{"class":64},[50,72630,34599],{"class":125},[50,72632,122],{"class":64},[50,72634,2495],{"class":125},[50,72636,414],{"class":64},[50,72638,72639],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,72640,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,72642,72643,72645,72647,72649],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,72644,119],{"class":118},[50,72646,122],{"class":64},[50,72648,7836],{"class":125},[50,72650,414],{"class":64},[20,72652,2091],{},[41,72654,72656],{"className":43,"code":72655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72657,72658],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72659,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72661,779],{"class":64},[50,72663,1736],{"class":68},[50,72665,4102],{"class":72},[50,72667,1736],{"class":68},[50,72669,89],{"class":64},[50,72671,3321],{"class":68},[50,72673,4111],{"class":72},[50,72675,1736],{"class":68},[50,72677,89],{"class":64},[50,72679,3321],{"class":68},[50,72681,33024],{"class":72},[50,72683,1736],{"class":68},[50,72685,788],{"class":64},[20,72687,72688,72689,72691],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72690,55345],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72693,72694,72695,129],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[380,72696,65658],{"href":72697},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[219,72699,72701],{"id":72700},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72703,72704,1846,72706,72708],{},[15,72705,55345],{},[15,72707,12773],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[233,72710,72711,72718,72724,72730],{},[236,72712,72713,72715,72716],{},[15,72714,55345],{}," deletes by ",[997,72717,2495],{},[236,72719,72720,72715,72722],{},[15,72721,12773],{},[997,72723,35652],{},[236,72725,72726,35,72728],{},[15,72727,55345],{},[15,72729,38],{},[236,72731,72732,72734],{},[15,72733,12773],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72736,45853,72737,78],{},[15,72738,55345],{},[41,72740,72742],{"className":43,"code":72741,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72743,72744,72776,72794],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72745,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72747,7805],{"class":56},[50,72749,61],{"class":60},[50,72751,3652],{"class":64},[50,72753,69],{"class":68},[50,72755,4102],{"class":72},[50,72757,69],{"class":68},[50,72759,89],{"class":64},[50,72761,81],{"class":68},[50,72763,4111],{"class":72},[50,72765,69],{"class":68},[50,72767,89],{"class":64},[50,72769,81],{"class":68},[50,72771,33024],{"class":72},[50,72773,69],{"class":68},[50,72775,788],{"class":64},[50,72777,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72779,7836],{"class":56},[50,72781,129],{"class":64},[50,72783,34599],{"class":125},[50,72785,122],{"class":64},[50,72787,69],{"class":68},[50,72789,4111],{"class":72},[50,72791,69],{"class":68},[50,72793,414],{"class":64},[50,72795,72796,72798,72800,72802],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72797,119],{"class":118},[50,72799,122],{"class":64},[50,72801,7836],{"class":125},[50,72803,414],{"class":64},[20,72805,2091],{},[41,72807,72809],{"className":43,"code":72808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72810,72811],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72812,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72814,779],{"class":64},[50,72816,1736],{"class":68},[50,72818,4102],{"class":72},[50,72820,1736],{"class":68},[50,72822,89],{"class":64},[50,72824,3321],{"class":68},[50,72826,33024],{"class":72},[50,72828,1736],{"class":68},[50,72830,788],{"class":64},[20,72832,45853,72833,78],{},[15,72834,12773],{},[41,72836,72838],{"className":43,"code":72837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72839,72840,72872,72891,72895,72905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72841,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72843,7805],{"class":56},[50,72845,61],{"class":60},[50,72847,3652],{"class":64},[50,72849,69],{"class":68},[50,72851,4102],{"class":72},[50,72853,69],{"class":68},[50,72855,89],{"class":64},[50,72857,81],{"class":68},[50,72859,4111],{"class":72},[50,72861,69],{"class":68},[50,72863,89],{"class":64},[50,72865,81],{"class":68},[50,72867,33024],{"class":72},[50,72869,69],{"class":68},[50,72871,788],{"class":64},[50,72873,72874,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72875,72876],{"class":56},"removed_item ",[50,72878,61],{"class":60},[50,72880,5990],{"class":56},[50,72882,129],{"class":64},[50,72884,26041],{"class":125},[50,72886,122],{"class":64},[50,72888,3011],{"class":101},[50,72890,414],{"class":64},[50,72892,72893],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72894,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,72896,72897,72899,72901,72903],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,72898,119],{"class":118},[50,72900,122],{"class":64},[50,72902,7836],{"class":125},[50,72904,414],{"class":64},[50,72906,72907,72909,72911,72914],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,72908,119],{"class":118},[50,72910,122],{"class":64},[50,72912,72913],{"class":125},"removed_item",[50,72915,414],{"class":64},[20,72917,2091],{},[41,72919,72921],{"className":43,"code":72920,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72922,72923,72943],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72924,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72926,779],{"class":64},[50,72928,1736],{"class":68},[50,72930,4102],{"class":72},[50,72932,1736],{"class":68},[50,72934,89],{"class":64},[50,72936,3321],{"class":68},[50,72938,33024],{"class":72},[50,72940,1736],{"class":68},[50,72942,788],{"class":64},[50,72944,72945],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72946,70225],{"class":56},[20,72948,212,72949,72951],{},[15,72950,55345],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72953,212,72954,72956],{},[15,72955,12773],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72958,72959,72960,129],{},"For more detail, see the ",[380,72961,72962],{"href":54895},"Python list pop() method",[219,72964,72966],{"id":72965},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72968,72969,1846,72971,72973],{},[15,72970,55345],{},[15,72972,26825],{}," are also different.",[233,72975,72976,72981,72986,72991],{},[236,72977,72978,72980],{},[15,72979,55345],{}," deletes by matching value",[236,72982,72983,72985],{},[15,72984,26825],{}," deletes by index or slice",[236,72987,212,72988,72990],{},[15,72989,26825],{}," when you know the position",[236,72992,212,72993,72995],{},[15,72994,55345],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72997,45853,72998,78],{},[15,72999,26825],{},[41,73001,73003],{"className":43,"code":73002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73004,73005,73037,73049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73006,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73008,7805],{"class":56},[50,73010,61],{"class":60},[50,73012,3652],{"class":64},[50,73014,69],{"class":68},[50,73016,4102],{"class":72},[50,73018,69],{"class":68},[50,73020,89],{"class":64},[50,73022,81],{"class":68},[50,73024,4111],{"class":72},[50,73026,69],{"class":68},[50,73028,89],{"class":64},[50,73030,81],{"class":68},[50,73032,33024],{"class":72},[50,73034,69],{"class":68},[50,73036,788],{"class":64},[50,73038,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73040,26825],{"class":1622},[50,73042,5990],{"class":56},[50,73044,779],{"class":64},[50,73046,3011],{"class":101},[50,73048,788],{"class":64},[50,73050,73051,73053,73055,73057],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73052,119],{"class":118},[50,73054,122],{"class":64},[50,73056,7836],{"class":125},[50,73058,414],{"class":64},[20,73060,2091],{},[41,73062,73063],{"className":43,"code":72808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,73064,73065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73066,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73068,779],{"class":64},[50,73070,1736],{"class":68},[50,73072,4102],{"class":72},[50,73074,1736],{"class":68},[50,73076,89],{"class":64},[50,73078,3321],{"class":68},[50,73080,33024],{"class":72},[50,73082,1736],{"class":68},[50,73084,788],{"class":64},[20,73086,73087,73088,73090,73091,73093],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73089,3011],{},", not the value ",[15,73092,65093],{}," directly.",[20,73095,73096,73097,129],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[380,73098,54884],{"href":54883},[219,73100,1663],{"id":1662},[20,73102,1666,73103,78],{},[15,73104,55345],{},[233,73106,73107,73110,73115,73122,73131],{},[236,73108,73109],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[236,73111,8480,73112,73114],{},[15,73113,55345],{}," to delete all matching values",[236,73116,12606,73117,73119,73120],{},[15,73118,55345],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73121,38],{},[236,73123,8444,73124,44442,73126,2901,73128,73130],{},[15,73125,55345],{},[15,73127,12773],{},[15,73129,26825],{}," would be a better fit",[236,73132,73133],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73135,71325],{},[41,73137,73139],{"className":43,"code":73138,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73140,73141,73151,73165,73183,73197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73142,73143,73145,73147,73149],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73144,119],{"class":118},[50,73146,122],{"class":64},[50,73148,8365],{"class":125},[50,73150,414],{"class":64},[50,73152,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73154,119],{"class":118},[50,73156,122],{"class":64},[50,73158,2468],{"class":125},[50,73160,1562],{"class":1622},[50,73162,8422],{"class":125},[50,73164,414],{"class":64},[50,73166,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73168,119],{"class":118},[50,73170,122],{"class":64},[50,73172,8365],{"class":125},[50,73174,129],{"class":64},[50,73176,41070],{"class":125},[50,73178,122],{"class":64},[50,73180,2495],{"class":125},[50,73182,1770],{"class":64},[50,73184,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,73186,119],{"class":118},[50,73188,122],{"class":64},[50,73190,1780],{"class":1779},[50,73192,122],{"class":64},[50,73194,8365],{"class":125},[50,73196,1770],{"class":64},[50,73198,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,73200,31955],{"class":118},[50,73202,122],{"class":64},[50,73204,8119],{"class":1779},[50,73206,129],{"class":64},[50,73208,34599],{"class":24549},[50,73210,414],{"class":64},[20,73212,73213],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[233,73215,73216,73219,73222,73225],{},[236,73217,73218],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[236,73220,73221],{},"How many times does it appear?",[236,73223,73224],{},"Am I working with a list?",[236,73226,73227],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73229,73230,73231,73233],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[380,73232,71489],{"href":58782}," may also help.",[219,73235,1857],{"id":1856},[811,73237,73239],{"id":73238},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73241,73242],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[811,73244,73246],{"id":73245},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73248,5170,73249,73251],{},[15,73250,38],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[811,73253,73255],{"id":73254},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73257,73258,73259,73262,73263,129],{},"Check with ",[15,73260,73261],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73264,55345],{},[811,73266,73268],{"id":73267},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73270,212,73271,73273,73274,73276],{},[15,73272,55345],{}," for a value and ",[15,73275,12773],{}," for an index.",[219,73278,1909],{"id":1908},[233,73280,73281,73285,73289,73293,73297],{},[236,73282,73283],{},[380,73284,55331],{"href":54883},[236,73286,73287],{},[380,73288,72962],{"href":54895},[236,73290,73291],{},[380,73292,71489],{"href":58782},[236,73294,73295],{},[380,73296,65658],{"href":72697},[236,73298,73299],{},[380,73300,73302],{"href":73301},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1944,73304,73305],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":73307},[73308,73309,73310,73311,73312,73313,73314,73315,73316,73317,73323],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":71634,"depth":108,"text":71635},{"id":5453,"depth":108,"text":5454},{"id":5810,"depth":108,"text":5811},{"id":72087,"depth":108,"text":72088},{"id":65448,"depth":108,"text":65449},{"id":72700,"depth":108,"text":72701},{"id":72965,"depth":108,"text":72966},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":73318},[73319,73320,73321,73322],{"id":73238,"depth":115,"text":73239},{"id":73245,"depth":115,"text":73246},{"id":73254,"depth":115,"text":73255},{"id":73267,"depth":115,"text":73268},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71537,"description":73324},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73331,"title":73332,"body":73333,"description":75224,"extension":1981,"meta":75225,"navigation":111,"path":75226,"seo":75227,"stem":75228,"__hash__":75229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73334,"toc":75194},[73335,73341,73347,73350,73361,73363,73412,73417,73422,73426,73441,73443,73508,73510,73551,73553,73555,73570,73572,73583,73585,73642,73644,73677,73679,73682,73731,73733,73758,73760,73776,73782,73789,73850,73852,73885,73890,73893,73973,73975,74036,74042,74046,74049,74113,74115,74140,74142,74162,74164,74213,74215,74236,74245,74248,74252,74257,74302,74304,74325,74331,74336,74344,74408,74410,74447,74453,74457,74464,74529,74531,74568,74572,74589,74599,74604,74609,74620,74627,74629,74635,74658,74661,74688,74693,74696,74797,74799,74854,74857,74964,74966,75037,75040,75066,75068,75073,75077,75085,75090,75095,75101,75106,75110,75113,75130,75133,75153,75161,75163,75191],[10,73336,54158,73338,18],{"id":73337},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73339,73340],{},"reverse()",[20,73342,73343,73346],{},[15,73344,73345],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73348,73349],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73351,73352,73353,73355,73356,73360],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73354,73340],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[380,73357,73359],{"href":73358},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[219,73362,3637],{"id":3636},[41,73364,73366],{"className":43,"code":73365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73367,73368,73388,73399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73369,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73371,3647],{"class":56},[50,73373,61],{"class":60},[50,73375,3652],{"class":64},[50,73377,3011],{"class":101},[50,73379,89],{"class":64},[50,73381,3016],{"class":101},[50,73383,89],{"class":64},[50,73385,2473],{"class":101},[50,73387,788],{"class":64},[50,73389,73390,73392,73394,73397],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73391,3678],{"class":56},[50,73393,129],{"class":64},[50,73395,73396],{"class":125},"reverse",[50,73398,8671],{"class":64},[50,73400,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73402,119],{"class":118},[50,73404,122],{"class":64},[50,73406,3678],{"class":125},[50,73408,1206],{"class":64},[50,73410,73411],{"class":146},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73413,73414,73416],{},[15,73415,73340],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[219,73418,222,73420,225],{"id":73419},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73421,73345],{},[20,73423,73424,78],{},[15,73425,73345],{},[233,73427,73428,73431,73434,73438],{},[236,73429,73430],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[236,73432,73433],{},"Changes the original list directly",[236,73435,241,73436],{},[15,73437,38],{},[236,73439,73440],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73442,253],{},[41,73444,73446],{"className":43,"code":73445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73447,73448,73488,73498],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73449,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73451,35897],{"class":56},[50,73453,61],{"class":60},[50,73455,3652],{"class":64},[50,73457,69],{"class":68},[50,73459,380],{"class":72},[50,73461,69],{"class":68},[50,73463,89],{"class":64},[50,73465,81],{"class":68},[50,73467,4784],{"class":72},[50,73469,69],{"class":68},[50,73471,89],{"class":64},[50,73473,81],{"class":68},[50,73475,9763],{"class":72},[50,73477,69],{"class":68},[50,73479,89],{"class":64},[50,73481,81],{"class":68},[50,73483,18757],{"class":72},[50,73485,69],{"class":68},[50,73487,788],{"class":64},[50,73489,73490,73492,73494,73496],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73491,35950],{"class":56},[50,73493,129],{"class":64},[50,73495,73396],{"class":125},[50,73497,8671],{"class":64},[50,73499,73500,73502,73504,73506],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73501,119],{"class":118},[50,73503,122],{"class":64},[50,73505,35950],{"class":125},[50,73507,414],{"class":64},[20,73509,2091],{},[41,73511,73513],{"className":43,"code":73512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73514,73515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73516,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73518,779],{"class":64},[50,73520,1736],{"class":68},[50,73522,18757],{"class":72},[50,73524,1736],{"class":68},[50,73526,89],{"class":64},[50,73528,3321],{"class":68},[50,73530,9763],{"class":72},[50,73532,1736],{"class":68},[50,73534,89],{"class":64},[50,73536,3321],{"class":68},[50,73538,4784],{"class":72},[50,73540,1736],{"class":68},[50,73542,89],{"class":64},[50,73544,3321],{"class":68},[50,73546,380],{"class":72},[50,73548,1736],{"class":68},[50,73550,788],{"class":64},[219,73552,387],{"id":386},[20,73554,2180],{},[41,73556,73558],{"className":43,"code":73557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73559,73560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73561,73562,73564,73566,73568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73563,8365],{"class":56},[50,73565,129],{"class":64},[50,73567,73396],{"class":125},[50,73569,8671],{"class":64},[20,73571,13060],{},[233,73573,73574,73577,73580],{},[236,73575,73576],{},"No arguments are needed",[236,73578,73579],{},"You call it on an existing list",[236,73581,73582],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73584,253],{},[41,73586,73588],{"className":43,"code":73587,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73589,73590,73622,73632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73591,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73593,13084],{"class":56},[50,73595,61],{"class":60},[50,73597,3652],{"class":64},[50,73599,69],{"class":68},[50,73601,13101],{"class":72},[50,73603,69],{"class":68},[50,73605,89],{"class":64},[50,73607,81],{"class":68},[50,73609,17448],{"class":72},[50,73611,69],{"class":68},[50,73613,89],{"class":64},[50,73615,81],{"class":68},[50,73617,13118],{"class":72},[50,73619,69],{"class":68},[50,73621,788],{"class":64},[50,73623,73624,73626,73628,73630],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73625,17495],{"class":56},[50,73627,129],{"class":64},[50,73629,73396],{"class":125},[50,73631,8671],{"class":64},[50,73633,73634,73636,73638,73640],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73635,119],{"class":118},[50,73637,122],{"class":64},[50,73639,17495],{"class":125},[50,73641,414],{"class":64},[20,73643,2091],{},[41,73645,73647],{"className":43,"code":73646,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73648,73649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73650,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73652,779],{"class":64},[50,73654,1736],{"class":68},[50,73656,13118],{"class":72},[50,73658,1736],{"class":68},[50,73660,89],{"class":64},[50,73662,3321],{"class":68},[50,73664,17448],{"class":72},[50,73666,1736],{"class":68},[50,73668,89],{"class":64},[50,73670,3321],{"class":68},[50,73672,13101],{"class":72},[50,73674,1736],{"class":68},[50,73676,788],{"class":64},[219,73678,11490],{"id":11489},[20,73680,73681],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[41,73683,73685],{"className":43,"code":73684,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73686,73687,73711,73721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73688,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703,73705,73707,73709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73690,3647],{"class":56},[50,73692,61],{"class":60},[50,73694,3652],{"class":64},[50,73696,2352],{"class":101},[50,73698,89],{"class":64},[50,73700,7816],{"class":101},[50,73702,89],{"class":64},[50,73704,7821],{"class":101},[50,73706,89],{"class":64},[50,73708,50658],{"class":101},[50,73710,788],{"class":64},[50,73712,73713,73715,73717,73719],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73714,3678],{"class":56},[50,73716,129],{"class":64},[50,73718,73396],{"class":125},[50,73720,8671],{"class":64},[50,73722,73723,73725,73727,73729],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73724,119],{"class":118},[50,73726,122],{"class":64},[50,73728,3678],{"class":125},[50,73730,414],{"class":64},[20,73732,2091],{},[41,73734,73736],{"className":43,"code":73735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73737,73738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73739,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754,73756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73741,779],{"class":64},[50,73743,56509],{"class":101},[50,73745,89],{"class":64},[50,73747,7821],{"class":101},[50,73749,89],{"class":64},[50,73751,7816],{"class":101},[50,73753,89],{"class":64},[50,73755,1144],{"class":101},[50,73757,788],{"class":64},[20,73759,11697],{},[233,73761,73762,73768,73773],{},[236,73763,73764,73765],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73766,73767],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[236,73769,73770,73772],{},[15,73771,73340],{}," flips the order",[236,73774,73775],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[219,73777,73779,73781],{"id":73778},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73780,73340],{}," changes the original list",[20,73783,73784,73785,73788],{},"This method is ",[997,73786,73787],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[41,73790,73792],{"className":43,"code":73791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73793,73794,73826,73836,73840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73795,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73797,36046],{"class":56},[50,73799,61],{"class":60},[50,73801,3652],{"class":64},[50,73803,69],{"class":68},[50,73805,4102],{"class":72},[50,73807,69],{"class":68},[50,73809,89],{"class":64},[50,73811,81],{"class":68},[50,73813,4111],{"class":72},[50,73815,69],{"class":68},[50,73817,89],{"class":64},[50,73819,81],{"class":68},[50,73821,4120],{"class":72},[50,73823,69],{"class":68},[50,73825,788],{"class":64},[50,73827,73828,73830,73832,73834],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73829,36098],{"class":56},[50,73831,129],{"class":64},[50,73833,73396],{"class":125},[50,73835,8671],{"class":64},[50,73837,73838],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73839,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,73841,73842,73844,73846,73848],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,73843,119],{"class":118},[50,73845,122],{"class":64},[50,73847,36098],{"class":125},[50,73849,414],{"class":64},[20,73851,2091],{},[41,73853,73855],{"className":43,"code":73854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73856,73857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73858,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73860,779],{"class":64},[50,73862,1736],{"class":68},[50,73864,4120],{"class":72},[50,73866,1736],{"class":68},[50,73868,89],{"class":64},[50,73870,3321],{"class":68},[50,73872,4111],{"class":72},[50,73874,1736],{"class":68},[50,73876,89],{"class":64},[50,73878,3321],{"class":68},[50,73880,4102],{"class":72},[50,73882,1736],{"class":68},[50,73884,788],{"class":64},[20,73886,212,73887,73889],{},[15,73888,73340],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73891,73892],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[41,73894,73896],{"className":43,"code":73895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73897,73898,73930,73948,73952,73962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73899,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73901,36046],{"class":56},[50,73903,61],{"class":60},[50,73905,3652],{"class":64},[50,73907,69],{"class":68},[50,73909,4102],{"class":72},[50,73911,69],{"class":68},[50,73913,89],{"class":64},[50,73915,81],{"class":68},[50,73917,4111],{"class":72},[50,73919,69],{"class":68},[50,73921,89],{"class":64},[50,73923,81],{"class":68},[50,73925,4120],{"class":72},[50,73927,69],{"class":68},[50,73929,788],{"class":64},[50,73931,73932,73935,73937,73939,73942,73944,73946],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73933,73934],{"class":56},"reversed_fruits ",[50,73936,61],{"class":60},[50,73938,52667],{"class":56},[50,73940,73941],{"class":64},"[::",[50,73943,2041],{"class":60},[50,73945,3011],{"class":101},[50,73947,788],{"class":64},[50,73949,73950],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73951,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,73953,73954,73956,73958,73960],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,73955,119],{"class":118},[50,73957,122],{"class":64},[50,73959,36098],{"class":125},[50,73961,414],{"class":64},[50,73963,73964,73966,73968,73971],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,73965,119],{"class":118},[50,73967,122],{"class":64},[50,73969,73970],{"class":125},"reversed_fruits",[50,73972,414],{"class":64},[20,73974,2091],{},[41,73976,73978],{"className":43,"code":73977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73979,73980,74008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73981,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73983,779],{"class":64},[50,73985,1736],{"class":68},[50,73987,4102],{"class":72},[50,73989,1736],{"class":68},[50,73991,89],{"class":64},[50,73993,3321],{"class":68},[50,73995,4111],{"class":72},[50,73997,1736],{"class":68},[50,73999,89],{"class":64},[50,74001,3321],{"class":68},[50,74003,4120],{"class":72},[50,74005,1736],{"class":68},[50,74007,788],{"class":64},[50,74009,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74011,779],{"class":64},[50,74013,1736],{"class":68},[50,74015,4120],{"class":72},[50,74017,1736],{"class":68},[50,74019,89],{"class":64},[50,74021,3321],{"class":68},[50,74023,4111],{"class":72},[50,74025,1736],{"class":68},[50,74027,89],{"class":64},[50,74029,3321],{"class":68},[50,74031,4102],{"class":72},[50,74033,1736],{"class":68},[50,74035,788],{"class":64},[20,74037,74038,74039,129],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[380,74040,74041],{"href":73358},"Python list slicing explained",[219,74043,74045],{"id":74044},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74047,74048],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[41,74050,74052],{"className":43,"code":74051,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74053,74054,74074,74088,74092,74103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74055,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74057,3647],{"class":56},[50,74059,61],{"class":60},[50,74061,3652],{"class":64},[50,74063,3011],{"class":101},[50,74065,89],{"class":64},[50,74067,3016],{"class":101},[50,74069,89],{"class":64},[50,74071,2473],{"class":101},[50,74073,788],{"class":64},[50,74075,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74077,55706],{"class":56},[50,74079,61],{"class":60},[50,74081,4287],{"class":56},[50,74083,129],{"class":64},[50,74085,73396],{"class":125},[50,74087,8671],{"class":64},[50,74089,74090],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74091,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74093,74094,74096,74098,74101],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,74095,119],{"class":118},[50,74097,122],{"class":64},[50,74099,74100],{"class":125},"new_list",[50,74102,414],{"class":64},[50,74104,74105,74107,74109,74111],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,74106,119],{"class":118},[50,74108,122],{"class":64},[50,74110,3678],{"class":125},[50,74112,414],{"class":64},[20,74114,2091],{},[41,74116,74118],{"className":43,"code":74117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74119,74120,74124],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74121,74122],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74123,11821],{"class":1494},[50,74125,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74127,779],{"class":64},[50,74129,2082],{"class":101},[50,74131,89],{"class":64},[50,74133,3016],{"class":101},[50,74135,89],{"class":64},[50,74137,5521],{"class":101},[50,74139,788],{"class":64},[20,74141,11913],{},[233,74143,74144,74152,74156],{},[236,74145,74146,74148,74149,74151],{},[15,74147,73340],{}," changes ",[15,74150,3678],{}," directly",[236,74153,40716,74154,71658],{},[997,74155,1262],{},[236,74157,53469,74158,41966,74160],{},[15,74159,74100],{},[15,74161,38],{},[20,74163,61716],{},[41,74165,74167],{"className":43,"code":74166,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74168,74169,74189,74199,74203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74170,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74172,3647],{"class":56},[50,74174,61],{"class":60},[50,74176,3652],{"class":64},[50,74178,3011],{"class":101},[50,74180,89],{"class":64},[50,74182,3016],{"class":101},[50,74184,89],{"class":64},[50,74186,2473],{"class":101},[50,74188,788],{"class":64},[50,74190,74191,74193,74195,74197],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74192,3678],{"class":56},[50,74194,129],{"class":64},[50,74196,73396],{"class":125},[50,74198,8671],{"class":64},[50,74200,74201],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74202,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74204,74205,74207,74209,74211],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,74206,119],{"class":118},[50,74208,122],{"class":64},[50,74210,3678],{"class":125},[50,74212,414],{"class":64},[20,74214,2091],{},[41,74216,74218],{"className":43,"code":74217,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74219,74220],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74221,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74223,779],{"class":64},[50,74225,2082],{"class":101},[50,74227,89],{"class":64},[50,74229,3016],{"class":101},[50,74231,89],{"class":64},[50,74233,5521],{"class":101},[50,74235,788],{"class":64},[219,74237,74239,10608,74241,74244],{"id":74238},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74240,73340],{},[15,74242,74243],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74246,74247],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[811,74249,74250],{"id":73396},[15,74251,73340],{},[20,74253,74254,74256],{},[15,74255,73340],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[41,74258,74260],{"className":43,"code":74259,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74261,74262,74282,74292],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74263,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274,74276,74278,74280],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74265,3647],{"class":56},[50,74267,61],{"class":60},[50,74269,3652],{"class":64},[50,74271,2082],{"class":101},[50,74273,89],{"class":64},[50,74275,5521],{"class":101},[50,74277,89],{"class":64},[50,74279,3016],{"class":101},[50,74281,788],{"class":64},[50,74283,74284,74286,74288,74290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74285,3678],{"class":56},[50,74287,129],{"class":64},[50,74289,73396],{"class":125},[50,74291,8671],{"class":64},[50,74293,74294,74296,74298,74300],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74295,119],{"class":118},[50,74297,122],{"class":64},[50,74299,3678],{"class":125},[50,74301,414],{"class":64},[20,74303,2091],{},[41,74305,74307],{"className":43,"code":74306,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74308,74309],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74310,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74312,779],{"class":64},[50,74314,2076],{"class":101},[50,74316,89],{"class":64},[50,74318,5521],{"class":101},[50,74320,89],{"class":64},[50,74322,2473],{"class":101},[50,74324,788],{"class":64},[20,74326,74327,74328,74330],{},"Notice that this is ",[997,74329,1262],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[811,74332,74334],{"id":74333},"sorted",[15,74335,74243],{},[20,74337,74338,74343],{},[380,74339,74341],{"href":74340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74342,74243],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[41,74345,74347],{"className":43,"code":74346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74348,74349,74369,74384,74388,74398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74350,74351,74353,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74352,3647],{"class":56},[50,74354,61],{"class":60},[50,74356,3652],{"class":64},[50,74358,2082],{"class":101},[50,74360,89],{"class":64},[50,74362,5521],{"class":101},[50,74364,89],{"class":64},[50,74366,3016],{"class":101},[50,74368,788],{"class":64},[50,74370,74371,74373,74375,74378,74380,74382],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74372,2250],{"class":56},[50,74374,61],{"class":60},[50,74376,74377],{"class":118}," sorted",[50,74379,122],{"class":64},[50,74381,3678],{"class":125},[50,74383,414],{"class":64},[50,74385,74386],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74387,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74389,74390,74392,74394,74396],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,74391,119],{"class":118},[50,74393,122],{"class":64},[50,74395,3678],{"class":125},[50,74397,414],{"class":64},[50,74399,74400,74402,74404,74406],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,74401,119],{"class":118},[50,74403,122],{"class":64},[50,74405,2285],{"class":125},[50,74407,414],{"class":64},[20,74409,2091],{},[41,74411,74413],{"className":43,"code":74412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74414,74415,74431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74416,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74418,779],{"class":64},[50,74420,2082],{"class":101},[50,74422,89],{"class":64},[50,74424,5521],{"class":101},[50,74426,89],{"class":64},[50,74428,3016],{"class":101},[50,74430,788],{"class":64},[50,74432,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74434,779],{"class":64},[50,74436,3011],{"class":101},[50,74438,89],{"class":64},[50,74440,3016],{"class":101},[50,74442,89],{"class":64},[50,74444,2473],{"class":101},[50,74446,788],{"class":64},[20,74448,74449,74450,129],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74451,74452],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[811,74454,74456],{"id":74455},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74458,74459,74460,74463],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74461,74462],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[41,74465,74467],{"className":43,"code":74466,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74468,74469,74489,74505,74509,74519],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74470,74471,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74472,3647],{"class":56},[50,74474,61],{"class":60},[50,74476,3652],{"class":64},[50,74478,2082],{"class":101},[50,74480,89],{"class":64},[50,74482,5521],{"class":101},[50,74484,89],{"class":64},[50,74486,3016],{"class":101},[50,74488,788],{"class":64},[50,74490,74491,74493,74495,74497,74499,74501,74503],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74492,2250],{"class":56},[50,74494,61],{"class":60},[50,74496,4287],{"class":56},[50,74498,73941],{"class":64},[50,74500,2041],{"class":60},[50,74502,3011],{"class":101},[50,74504,788],{"class":64},[50,74506,74507],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74508,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74510,74511,74513,74515,74517],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,74512,119],{"class":118},[50,74514,122],{"class":64},[50,74516,3678],{"class":125},[50,74518,414],{"class":64},[50,74520,74521,74523,74525,74527],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,74522,119],{"class":118},[50,74524,122],{"class":64},[50,74526,2285],{"class":125},[50,74528,414],{"class":64},[20,74530,2091],{},[41,74532,74534],{"className":43,"code":74533,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74535,74536,74552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74537,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74539,779],{"class":64},[50,74541,2082],{"class":101},[50,74543,89],{"class":64},[50,74545,5521],{"class":101},[50,74547,89],{"class":64},[50,74549,3016],{"class":101},[50,74551,788],{"class":64},[50,74553,74554,74556,74558,74560,74562,74564,74566],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74555,779],{"class":64},[50,74557,2076],{"class":101},[50,74559,89],{"class":64},[50,74561,5521],{"class":101},[50,74563,89],{"class":64},[50,74565,2473],{"class":101},[50,74567,788],{"class":64},[811,74569,74571],{"id":74570},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[233,74573,74574,74579,74584],{},[236,74575,212,74576,74578],{},[15,74577,73340],{}," when you want to change the original list",[236,74580,212,74581,74583],{},[15,74582,74462],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[236,74585,212,74586,74588],{},[15,74587,74243],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74590,74591,74592,74598],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[380,74593,74595,74596,1845],{"href":74594},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74597,64130],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[219,74600,582,74602],{"id":74601},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74603,73340],{},[20,74605,74606,74608],{},[15,74607,73340],{}," is a good choice:",[233,74610,74611,74614,74617],{},[236,74612,74613],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[236,74615,74616],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[236,74618,74619],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74621,74622,74623,129],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[380,74624,74626],{"href":74625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[219,74628,1663],{"id":1662},[20,74630,74631,74632,74634],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74633,73340],{}," for these reasons:",[233,74636,74637,74641,74646,74651],{},[236,74638,12606,74639,12609],{},[15,74640,73340],{},[236,74642,8480,74643,74645],{},[15,74644,73340],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[236,74647,8444,74648,74650],{},[15,74649,73340],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[236,74652,37012,74653,8733,74655],{},[15,74654,73340],{},[15,74656,74657],{},"reversed()",[20,74659,74660],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[41,74662,74664],{"className":43,"code":74663,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74665,74666,74678],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74667,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74669,34492],{"class":56},[50,74671,61],{"class":60},[50,74673,81],{"class":68},[50,74675,3870],{"class":72},[50,74677,3384],{"class":68},[50,74679,74680,74682,74684,74686],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74681,34513],{"class":56},[50,74683,129],{"class":64},[50,74685,73396],{"class":125},[50,74687,8671],{"class":64},[20,74689,74690,74691,33404],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74692,73340],{},[20,74694,74695],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[41,74697,74699],{"className":43,"code":74698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74700,74701,74721,74725,74735,74749,74753,74767,74777,74781],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74702,74703,74705,74707,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74704,8334],{"class":56},[50,74706,61],{"class":60},[50,74708,3652],{"class":64},[50,74710,3011],{"class":101},[50,74712,89],{"class":64},[50,74714,3016],{"class":101},[50,74716,89],{"class":64},[50,74718,2473],{"class":101},[50,74720,788],{"class":64},[50,74722,74723],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74724,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74726,74727,74729,74731,74733],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74728,119],{"class":118},[50,74730,122],{"class":64},[50,74732,8365],{"class":125},[50,74734,414],{"class":64},[50,74736,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,74738,119],{"class":118},[50,74740,122],{"class":64},[50,74742,1780],{"class":1779},[50,74744,122],{"class":64},[50,74746,8365],{"class":125},[50,74748,1770],{"class":64},[50,74750,74751],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,74752,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74754,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,74756,2250],{"class":56},[50,74758,61],{"class":60},[50,74760,8422],{"class":56},[50,74762,129],{"class":64},[50,74764,73396],{"class":125},[50,74766,8671],{"class":64},[50,74768,74769,74771,74773,74775],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,74770,119],{"class":118},[50,74772,122],{"class":64},[50,74774,2285],{"class":125},[50,74776,414],{"class":64},[50,74778,74779],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,74780,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74782,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,74784,119],{"class":118},[50,74786,122],{"class":64},[50,74788,8365],{"class":125},[50,74790,73941],{"class":64},[50,74792,2041],{"class":60},[50,74794,3011],{"class":101},[50,74796,3911],{"class":64},[20,74798,2091],{},[41,74800,74802],{"className":43,"code":74801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74803,74804,74820,74834,74838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74807,779],{"class":64},[50,74809,3011],{"class":101},[50,74811,89],{"class":64},[50,74813,3016],{"class":101},[50,74815,89],{"class":64},[50,74817,2473],{"class":101},[50,74819,788],{"class":64},[50,74821,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74823,3315],{"class":60},[50,74825,3318],{"class":2085},[50,74827,3321],{"class":68},[50,74829,8119],{"class":72},[50,74831,1736],{"class":68},[50,74833,3328],{"class":60},[50,74835,74836],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74837,11821],{"class":1494},[50,74839,74840,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,74841,779],{"class":64},[50,74843,3011],{"class":101},[50,74845,89],{"class":64},[50,74847,3016],{"class":101},[50,74849,89],{"class":64},[50,74851,5521],{"class":101},[50,74853,788],{"class":64},[20,74855,74856],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[41,74858,74860],{"className":43,"code":74859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74861,74862,74882,74886,74896,74910,74914,74928,74938,74948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74863,74864,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74865,8334],{"class":56},[50,74867,61],{"class":60},[50,74869,3652],{"class":64},[50,74871,3011],{"class":101},[50,74873,89],{"class":64},[50,74875,3016],{"class":101},[50,74877,89],{"class":64},[50,74879,2473],{"class":101},[50,74881,788],{"class":64},[50,74883,74884],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74885,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74887,74888,74890,74892,74894],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74889,119],{"class":118},[50,74891,122],{"class":64},[50,74893,8365],{"class":125},[50,74895,414],{"class":64},[50,74897,74898,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,74899,119],{"class":118},[50,74901,122],{"class":64},[50,74903,1780],{"class":1779},[50,74905,122],{"class":64},[50,74907,8365],{"class":125},[50,74909,1770],{"class":64},[50,74911,74912],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,74913,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74915,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,74917,2250],{"class":56},[50,74919,61],{"class":60},[50,74921,8422],{"class":56},[50,74923,129],{"class":64},[50,74925,73396],{"class":125},[50,74927,8671],{"class":64},[50,74929,74930,74932,74934,74936],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,74931,119],{"class":118},[50,74933,122],{"class":64},[50,74935,2285],{"class":125},[50,74937,414],{"class":64},[50,74939,74940,74942,74944,74946],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,74941,119],{"class":118},[50,74943,122],{"class":64},[50,74945,8365],{"class":125},[50,74947,414],{"class":64},[50,74949,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,74951,119],{"class":118},[50,74953,122],{"class":64},[50,74955,8365],{"class":125},[50,74957,73941],{"class":64},[50,74959,2041],{"class":60},[50,74961,3011],{"class":101},[50,74963,3911],{"class":64},[20,74965,2091],{},[41,74967,74969],{"className":43,"code":74968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74970,74971,74987,75001,75005,75021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74972,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74974,779],{"class":64},[50,74976,3011],{"class":101},[50,74978,89],{"class":64},[50,74980,3016],{"class":101},[50,74982,89],{"class":64},[50,74984,2473],{"class":101},[50,74986,788],{"class":64},[50,74988,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74990,3315],{"class":60},[50,74992,3318],{"class":2085},[50,74994,3321],{"class":68},[50,74996,8119],{"class":72},[50,74998,1736],{"class":68},[50,75000,3328],{"class":60},[50,75002,75003],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75004,11821],{"class":1494},[50,75006,75007,75009,75011,75013,75015,75017,75019],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,75008,779],{"class":64},[50,75010,2082],{"class":101},[50,75012,89],{"class":64},[50,75014,3016],{"class":101},[50,75016,89],{"class":64},[50,75018,5521],{"class":101},[50,75020,788],{"class":64},[50,75022,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,75024,779],{"class":64},[50,75026,3011],{"class":101},[50,75028,89],{"class":64},[50,75030,3016],{"class":101},[50,75032,89],{"class":64},[50,75034,2473],{"class":101},[50,75036,788],{"class":64},[20,75038,75039],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[233,75041,75042,75051,75060],{},[236,75043,27596,75044,75047,75048],{},[15,75045,75046],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75049,75050],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[236,75052,11929,75053,75056,75057,22358],{},[15,75054,75055],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[997,75058,75059],{},"current",[236,75061,75062,75063],{},"So it prints ",[15,75064,75065],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[219,75067,1857],{"id":1856},[811,75069,1861,75071,55285],{"id":75070},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75072,73345],{},[20,75074,62421,75075,129],{},[15,75076,38],{},[811,75078,34009,75080,34012,75082,1867],{"id":75079},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75081,73340],{},[15,75083,75084],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75086,75087,75089],{},[15,75088,73340],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75091,75092,75094],{},[15,75093,75084],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[811,75096,28129,75098,75100],{"id":75097},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75099,73340],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75102,46178,75103,75105],{},[15,75104,73340],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[811,75107,75109],{"id":75108},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75111,75112],{},"Use slicing:",[41,75114,75116],{"className":43,"code":75115,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75117,75118],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75119,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75121,8365],{"class":56},[50,75123,73941],{"class":64},[50,75125,2041],{"class":60},[50,75127,3011],{"class":101},[50,75129,788],{"class":64},[20,75131,75132],{},"Or use:",[41,75134,75136],{"className":43,"code":75135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75137,75138],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75139,75140,75142,75144,75147,75149,75151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75141,8119],{"class":1779},[50,75143,122],{"class":64},[50,75145,75146],{"class":118},"reversed",[50,75148,122],{"class":64},[50,75150,8365],{"class":125},[50,75152,1770],{"class":64},[20,75154,75155,75156,75160],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[380,75157,55336,75158],{"href":54776},[15,75159,12787],{}," can also help.",[219,75162,1909],{"id":1908},[233,75164,75165,75171,75177,75181,75185],{},[236,75166,75167],{},[380,75168,55336,75169,1845],{"href":74594},[15,75170,64130],{},[236,75172,75173],{},[380,75174,3603,75175,3536],{"href":74340},[15,75176,74243],{},[236,75178,75179],{},[380,75180,74626],{"href":74625},[236,75182,75183],{},[380,75184,74041],{"href":73358},[236,75186,75187],{},[380,75188,55336,75189,1845],{"href":54776},[15,75190,12787],{},[1944,75192,75193],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":75195},[75196,75197,75199,75200,75201,75203,75204,75211,75213,75214,75223],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":73419,"depth":108,"text":75198},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":73778,"depth":108,"text":75202},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74044,"depth":108,"text":74045},{"id":74238,"depth":108,"text":75205,"children":75206},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75207,75208,75209,75210],{"id":73396,"depth":115,"text":73340},{"id":74333,"depth":115,"text":74243},{"id":74455,"depth":115,"text":74456},{"id":74570,"depth":115,"text":74571},{"id":74601,"depth":108,"text":75212},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":75215},[75216,75218,75220,75222],{"id":75070,"depth":115,"text":75217},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75079,"depth":115,"text":75219},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75097,"depth":115,"text":75221},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75108,"depth":115,"text":75109},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73332,"description":75224},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75231,"title":75232,"body":75233,"description":77666,"extension":1981,"meta":77667,"navigation":111,"path":77668,"seo":77669,"stem":77670,"__hash__":77671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75234,"toc":77634},[75235,75238,75250,75253,75276,75284,75286,75398,75407,75411,75414,75417,75504,75506,75539,75541,75564,75570,75574,75577,75599,75601,75618,75621,75641,75643,75753,75755,75832,75836,75839,75882,75884,76017,76019,76121,76126,76130,76133,76135,76149,76152,76266,76268,76342,76344,76372,76376,76381,76411,76414,76540,76542,76624,76630,76634,76636,76675,76684,76688,76691,76695,76742,76744,76752,76756,76807,76809,76822,76824,76838,76841,76849,76851,76898,76900,76908,76911,76954,76959,76962,76965,76988,76992,77043,77046,77067,77077,77081,77083,77113,77116,77139,77143,77146,77213,77215,77252,77255,77263,77330,77332,77369,77375,77382,77386,77389,77419,77424,77428,77431,77455,77458,77552,77562,77564,77568,77571,77575,77578,77583,77586,77592,77595,77597,77625,77631],[10,75236,75232],{"id":75237},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75239,75240,75241,32,75243,17069,75246,75249],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75242,35879],{},[15,75244,75245],{},"stop",[15,75247,75248],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75251,75252],{},"The basic slice form is:",[41,75254,75256],{"className":43,"code":75255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75257,75258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75259,75260,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75261,8365],{"class":56},[50,75263,779],{"class":64},[50,75265,35879],{"class":56},[50,75267,78],{"class":64},[50,75269,75245],{"class":56},[50,75271,78],{"class":64},[50,75273,75248],{"class":56},[50,75275,788],{"class":64},[20,75277,75278,75279,75281,75282,129],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75280,75245],{}," position is ",[997,75283,64888],{},[219,75285,2022],{"id":2021},[41,75287,75289],{"className":43,"code":75288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75290,75291,75319,75323,75344,75362,75379],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75292,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75294,3647],{"class":56},[50,75296,61],{"class":60},[50,75298,3652],{"class":64},[50,75300,2352],{"class":101},[50,75302,89],{"class":64},[50,75304,7816],{"class":101},[50,75306,89],{"class":64},[50,75308,7821],{"class":101},[50,75310,89],{"class":64},[50,75312,50658],{"class":101},[50,75314,89],{"class":64},[50,75316,5103],{"class":101},[50,75318,788],{"class":64},[50,75320,75321],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75322,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75324,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337,75339,75341],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75326,119],{"class":118},[50,75328,122],{"class":64},[50,75330,3678],{"class":125},[50,75332,779],{"class":64},[50,75334,3011],{"class":101},[50,75336,78],{"class":64},[50,75338,2527],{"class":101},[50,75340,872],{"class":64},[50,75342,75343],{"class":146},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[50,75345,75346,75348,75350,75352,75355,75357,75359],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,75347,119],{"class":118},[50,75349,122],{"class":64},[50,75351,3678],{"class":125},[50,75353,75354],{"class":64},"[:",[50,75356,2082],{"class":101},[50,75358,872],{"class":64},[50,75360,75361],{"class":146},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[50,75363,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,75365,119],{"class":118},[50,75367,122],{"class":64},[50,75369,3678],{"class":125},[50,75371,73941],{"class":64},[50,75373,2076],{"class":101},[50,75375,872],{"class":64},[50,75377,75378],{"class":146},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[50,75380,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,75382,119],{"class":118},[50,75384,122],{"class":64},[50,75386,3678],{"class":125},[50,75388,73941],{"class":64},[50,75390,2041],{"class":60},[50,75392,3011],{"class":101},[50,75394,872],{"class":64},[50,75396,75397],{"class":146},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75399,212,75400,75403,75404,75406],{},[15,75401,75402],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75405,75245],{}," value is not included.",[219,75408,75410],{"id":75409},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75412,75413],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75415,75416],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[41,75418,75420],{"className":43,"code":75419,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75421,75422,75470,75474,75493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75423,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75425,35897],{"class":56},[50,75427,61],{"class":60},[50,75429,3652],{"class":64},[50,75431,69],{"class":68},[50,75433,380],{"class":72},[50,75435,69],{"class":68},[50,75437,89],{"class":64},[50,75439,81],{"class":68},[50,75441,4784],{"class":72},[50,75443,69],{"class":68},[50,75445,89],{"class":64},[50,75447,81],{"class":68},[50,75449,9763],{"class":72},[50,75451,69],{"class":68},[50,75453,89],{"class":64},[50,75455,81],{"class":68},[50,75457,18757],{"class":72},[50,75459,69],{"class":68},[50,75461,89],{"class":64},[50,75463,81],{"class":68},[50,75465,60265],{"class":72},[50,75467,69],{"class":68},[50,75469,788],{"class":64},[50,75471,75472],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75473,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75475,75476,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75477,75478],{"class":56},"part ",[50,75480,61],{"class":60},[50,75482,69915],{"class":56},[50,75484,779],{"class":64},[50,75486,3011],{"class":101},[50,75488,78],{"class":64},[50,75490,2527],{"class":101},[50,75492,788],{"class":64},[50,75494,75495,75497,75499,75502],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,75496,119],{"class":118},[50,75498,122],{"class":64},[50,75500,75501],{"class":125},"part",[50,75503,414],{"class":64},[20,75505,2091],{},[41,75507,75509],{"className":43,"code":75508,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75510,75511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75512,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75514,779],{"class":64},[50,75516,1736],{"class":68},[50,75518,4784],{"class":72},[50,75520,1736],{"class":68},[50,75522,89],{"class":64},[50,75524,3321],{"class":68},[50,75526,9763],{"class":72},[50,75528,1736],{"class":68},[50,75530,89],{"class":64},[50,75532,3321],{"class":68},[50,75534,18757],{"class":72},[50,75536,1736],{"class":68},[50,75538,788],{"class":64},[20,75540,13060],{},[233,75542,75543,75546,75549,75555,75561],{},[236,75544,75545],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[236,75547,75548],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[236,75550,75551,75552],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75553,75554],{},"list[start:stop]",[236,75556,75557,75558,75560],{},"The item at ",[15,75559,75245],{}," is not included",[236,75562,75563],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75565,75566,75567,129],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[380,75568,75569],{"href":50794},"beginner guide to Python lists",[219,75571,75573],{"id":75572},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75575,75576],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[41,75578,75579],{"className":43,"code":75255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,75580,75581],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75582,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75584,8365],{"class":56},[50,75586,779],{"class":64},[50,75588,35879],{"class":56},[50,75590,78],{"class":64},[50,75592,75245],{"class":56},[50,75594,78],{"class":64},[50,75596,75248],{"class":56},[50,75598,788],{"class":64},[20,75600,64864],{},[233,75602,75603,75608,75613],{},[236,75604,75605,75607],{},[15,75606,35879],{}," is where slicing begins",[236,75609,75610,75612],{},[15,75611,75245],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[236,75614,75615,75617],{},[15,75616,75248],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75619,75620],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[233,75622,75623,75629,75634],{},[236,75624,75625,75626,75628],{},"Missing ",[15,75627,35879],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[236,75630,75625,75631,75633],{},[15,75632,75245],{}," means go to the end of the list",[236,75635,75625,75636,75638,75639],{},[15,75637,75248],{}," means use ",[15,75640,3011],{},[20,75642,253],{},[41,75644,75646],{"className":43,"code":75645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75647,75648,75676,75680,75701,75718,75736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75649,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75651,3647],{"class":56},[50,75653,61],{"class":60},[50,75655,3652],{"class":64},[50,75657,2352],{"class":101},[50,75659,89],{"class":64},[50,75661,7816],{"class":101},[50,75663,89],{"class":64},[50,75665,7821],{"class":101},[50,75667,89],{"class":64},[50,75669,50658],{"class":101},[50,75671,89],{"class":64},[50,75673,5103],{"class":101},[50,75675,788],{"class":64},[50,75677,75678],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75679,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75681,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75683,119],{"class":118},[50,75685,122],{"class":64},[50,75687,3678],{"class":125},[50,75689,779],{"class":64},[50,75691,3011],{"class":101},[50,75693,78],{"class":64},[50,75695,2527],{"class":101},[50,75697,872],{"class":64},[50,75699,75700],{"class":146},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[50,75702,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,75704,119],{"class":118},[50,75706,122],{"class":64},[50,75708,3678],{"class":125},[50,75710,75354],{"class":64},[50,75712,2082],{"class":101},[50,75714,872],{"class":64},[50,75716,75717],{"class":146},"    # start from the beginning\n",[50,75719,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75733],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,75721,119],{"class":118},[50,75723,122],{"class":64},[50,75725,3678],{"class":125},[50,75727,779],{"class":64},[50,75729,2076],{"class":101},[50,75731,75732],{"class":64},":])",[50,75734,75735],{"class":146},"    # go to the end\n",[50,75737,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,75739,119],{"class":118},[50,75741,122],{"class":64},[50,75743,3678],{"class":125},[50,75745,73941],{"class":64},[50,75747,3011],{"class":101},[50,75749,872],{"class":64},[50,75751,75752],{"class":146},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75754,2091],{},[41,75756,75758],{"className":43,"code":75757,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75759,75760,75776,75792,75808],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75761,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75763,779],{"class":64},[50,75765,15755],{"class":101},[50,75767,89],{"class":64},[50,75769,7821],{"class":101},[50,75771,89],{"class":64},[50,75773,50658],{"class":101},[50,75775,788],{"class":64},[50,75777,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75779,779],{"class":64},[50,75781,2352],{"class":101},[50,75783,89],{"class":64},[50,75785,7816],{"class":101},[50,75787,89],{"class":64},[50,75789,7821],{"class":101},[50,75791,788],{"class":64},[50,75793,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75795,779],{"class":64},[50,75797,36649],{"class":101},[50,75799,89],{"class":64},[50,75801,50658],{"class":101},[50,75803,89],{"class":64},[50,75805,5103],{"class":101},[50,75807,788],{"class":64},[50,75809,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,75811,779],{"class":64},[50,75813,2352],{"class":101},[50,75815,89],{"class":64},[50,75817,7816],{"class":101},[50,75819,89],{"class":64},[50,75821,7821],{"class":101},[50,75823,89],{"class":64},[50,75825,50658],{"class":101},[50,75827,89],{"class":64},[50,75829,5103],{"class":101},[50,75831,788],{"class":64},[219,75833,75835],{"id":75834},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75837,75838],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[233,75840,75841,75850,75859,75870,75876],{},[236,75842,75843,75846,75847,5990],{},[15,75844,75845],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75848,75849],{},"n",[236,75851,75852,75855,75856,75858],{},[15,75853,75854],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75857,75849],{}," to the end",[236,75860,75861,75864,75865,75867,75868],{},[15,75862,75863],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75866,380],{}," up to ",[15,75869,4784],{},[236,75871,75872,75875],{},[15,75873,75874],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[236,75877,75878,75881],{},[15,75879,75880],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75883,253],{},[41,75885,75887],{"className":43,"code":75886,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75888,75889,75922,75926,75943,75960,75981,75998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75890,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75892,3647],{"class":56},[50,75894,61],{"class":60},[50,75896,3652],{"class":64},[50,75898,2352],{"class":101},[50,75900,89],{"class":64},[50,75902,7816],{"class":101},[50,75904,89],{"class":64},[50,75906,7821],{"class":101},[50,75908,89],{"class":64},[50,75910,50658],{"class":101},[50,75912,89],{"class":64},[50,75914,5103],{"class":101},[50,75916,89],{"class":64},[50,75918,75919],{"class":101}," 60",[50,75921,788],{"class":64},[50,75923,75924],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75925,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75927,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75929,119],{"class":118},[50,75931,122],{"class":64},[50,75933,3678],{"class":125},[50,75935,75354],{"class":64},[50,75937,2082],{"class":101},[50,75939,872],{"class":64},[50,75941,75942],{"class":146},"    # first 3 items\n",[50,75944,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,75946,119],{"class":118},[50,75948,122],{"class":64},[50,75950,3678],{"class":125},[50,75952,779],{"class":64},[50,75954,2082],{"class":101},[50,75956,75732],{"class":64},[50,75958,75959],{"class":146},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[50,75961,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,75963,119],{"class":118},[50,75965,122],{"class":64},[50,75967,3678],{"class":125},[50,75969,779],{"class":64},[50,75971,3011],{"class":101},[50,75973,78],{"class":64},[50,75975,2157],{"class":101},[50,75977,872],{"class":64},[50,75979,75980],{"class":146},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[50,75982,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,75984,119],{"class":118},[50,75986,122],{"class":64},[50,75988,3678],{"class":125},[50,75990,73941],{"class":64},[50,75992,2076],{"class":101},[50,75994,872],{"class":64},[50,75996,75997],{"class":146},"   # every second item\n",[50,75999,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,76001,119],{"class":118},[50,76003,122],{"class":64},[50,76005,3678],{"class":125},[50,76007,73941],{"class":64},[50,76009,2041],{"class":60},[50,76011,3011],{"class":101},[50,76013,872],{"class":64},[50,76015,76016],{"class":146},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76018,2091],{},[41,76020,76022],{"className":43,"code":76021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76023,76024,76040,76056,76076,76092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76025,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76027,779],{"class":64},[50,76029,2352],{"class":101},[50,76031,89],{"class":64},[50,76033,7816],{"class":101},[50,76035,89],{"class":64},[50,76037,7821],{"class":101},[50,76039,788],{"class":64},[50,76041,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76043,779],{"class":64},[50,76045,56509],{"class":101},[50,76047,89],{"class":64},[50,76049,5103],{"class":101},[50,76051,89],{"class":64},[50,76053,75919],{"class":101},[50,76055,788],{"class":64},[50,76057,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76059,779],{"class":64},[50,76061,15755],{"class":101},[50,76063,89],{"class":64},[50,76065,7821],{"class":101},[50,76067,89],{"class":64},[50,76069,50658],{"class":101},[50,76071,89],{"class":64},[50,76073,5103],{"class":101},[50,76075,788],{"class":64},[50,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,76079,779],{"class":64},[50,76081,2352],{"class":101},[50,76083,89],{"class":64},[50,76085,7821],{"class":101},[50,76087,89],{"class":64},[50,76089,5103],{"class":101},[50,76091,788],{"class":64},[50,76093,76094,76096,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,76095,779],{"class":64},[50,76097,76098],{"class":101},"60",[50,76100,89],{"class":64},[50,76102,5103],{"class":101},[50,76104,89],{"class":64},[50,76106,50658],{"class":101},[50,76108,89],{"class":64},[50,76110,7821],{"class":101},[50,76112,89],{"class":64},[50,76114,7816],{"class":101},[50,76116,89],{"class":64},[50,76118,1144],{"class":101},[50,76120,788],{"class":64},[20,76122,76123,76124,129],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[380,76125,14892],{"href":57036},[219,76127,76129],{"id":76128},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76131,76132],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76134,5495],{},[233,76136,76137,76143],{},[236,76138,76139,76142],{},[15,76140,76141],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[236,76144,76145,76148],{},[15,76146,76147],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76150,76151],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[41,76153,76155],{"className":43,"code":76154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76156,76157,76205,76209,76228,76247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76158,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76160,35897],{"class":56},[50,76162,61],{"class":60},[50,76164,3652],{"class":64},[50,76166,69],{"class":68},[50,76168,380],{"class":72},[50,76170,69],{"class":68},[50,76172,89],{"class":64},[50,76174,81],{"class":68},[50,76176,4784],{"class":72},[50,76178,69],{"class":68},[50,76180,89],{"class":64},[50,76182,81],{"class":68},[50,76184,9763],{"class":72},[50,76186,69],{"class":68},[50,76188,89],{"class":64},[50,76190,81],{"class":68},[50,76192,18757],{"class":72},[50,76194,69],{"class":68},[50,76196,89],{"class":64},[50,76198,81],{"class":68},[50,76200,60265],{"class":72},[50,76202,69],{"class":68},[50,76204,788],{"class":64},[50,76206,76207],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76208,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76210,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76212,119],{"class":118},[50,76214,122],{"class":64},[50,76216,35950],{"class":125},[50,76218,779],{"class":64},[50,76220,2041],{"class":60},[50,76222,3011],{"class":101},[50,76224,872],{"class":64},[50,76226,76227],{"class":146},"    # last item\n",[50,76229,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,76231,119],{"class":118},[50,76233,122],{"class":64},[50,76235,35950],{"class":125},[50,76237,779],{"class":64},[50,76239,2041],{"class":60},[50,76241,2082],{"class":101},[50,76243,75732],{"class":64},[50,76245,76246],{"class":146},"   # last 3 items\n",[50,76248,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,76250,119],{"class":118},[50,76252,122],{"class":64},[50,76254,35950],{"class":125},[50,76256,75354],{"class":64},[50,76258,2041],{"class":60},[50,76260,3011],{"class":101},[50,76262,872],{"class":64},[50,76264,76265],{"class":146},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76267,2091],{},[41,76269,76271],{"className":43,"code":76270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76272,76273,76278,76306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76274,76275],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76276,76277],{"class":56},"e\n",[50,76279,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76281,779],{"class":64},[50,76283,1736],{"class":68},[50,76285,9763],{"class":72},[50,76287,1736],{"class":68},[50,76289,89],{"class":64},[50,76291,3321],{"class":68},[50,76293,18757],{"class":72},[50,76295,1736],{"class":68},[50,76297,89],{"class":64},[50,76299,3321],{"class":68},[50,76301,60265],{"class":72},[50,76303,1736],{"class":68},[50,76305,788],{"class":64},[50,76307,76308,76310,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76309,779],{"class":64},[50,76311,1736],{"class":68},[50,76313,380],{"class":72},[50,76315,1736],{"class":68},[50,76317,89],{"class":64},[50,76319,3321],{"class":68},[50,76321,4784],{"class":72},[50,76323,1736],{"class":68},[50,76325,89],{"class":64},[50,76327,3321],{"class":68},[50,76329,9763],{"class":72},[50,76331,1736],{"class":68},[50,76333,89],{"class":64},[50,76335,3321],{"class":68},[50,76337,18757],{"class":72},[50,76339,1736],{"class":68},[50,76341,788],{"class":64},[20,76343,13060],{},[233,76345,76346,76349,76353,76359,76365],{},[236,76347,76348],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[236,76350,76351,76142],{},[15,76352,76141],{},[236,76354,76355,76358],{},[15,76356,76357],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[236,76360,76361,76364],{},[15,76362,76363],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[236,76366,76367,76368,1846,76370],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76369,35879],{},[15,76371,75245],{},[219,76373,76375],{"id":76374},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76377,228,76378,76380],{},[15,76379,75248],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[233,76382,76383,76386,76389,76394,76404],{},[236,76384,76385],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[236,76387,76388],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[236,76390,76391,76393],{},[15,76392,75880],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[236,76395,8904,76396,76398,76399,76401,76402],{},[15,76397,75248],{}," is negative, ",[15,76400,35879],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76403,75245],{},[236,76405,76406,76408,76409],{},[15,76407,75248],{}," cannot be ",[15,76410,1215],{},[20,76412,76413],{},"Example with different step values:",[41,76415,76417],{"className":43,"code":76416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76418,76419,76451,76455,76472,76494,76513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76420,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76422,3647],{"class":56},[50,76424,61],{"class":60},[50,76426,3652],{"class":64},[50,76428,2352],{"class":101},[50,76430,89],{"class":64},[50,76432,7816],{"class":101},[50,76434,89],{"class":64},[50,76436,7821],{"class":101},[50,76438,89],{"class":64},[50,76440,50658],{"class":101},[50,76442,89],{"class":64},[50,76444,5103],{"class":101},[50,76446,89],{"class":64},[50,76448,75919],{"class":101},[50,76450,788],{"class":64},[50,76452,76453],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76454,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76456,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76458,119],{"class":118},[50,76460,122],{"class":64},[50,76462,3678],{"class":125},[50,76464,73941],{"class":64},[50,76466,2076],{"class":101},[50,76468,872],{"class":64},[50,76470,76471],{"class":146},"     # every second item\n",[50,76473,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76487,76489,76491],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,76475,119],{"class":118},[50,76477,122],{"class":64},[50,76479,3678],{"class":125},[50,76481,779],{"class":64},[50,76483,3011],{"class":101},[50,76485,76486],{"class":64},"::",[50,76488,2076],{"class":101},[50,76490,872],{"class":64},[50,76492,76493],{"class":146},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[50,76495,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,76497,119],{"class":118},[50,76499,122],{"class":64},[50,76501,3678],{"class":125},[50,76503,73941],{"class":64},[50,76505,2041],{"class":60},[50,76507,3011],{"class":101},[50,76509,872],{"class":64},[50,76511,76512],{"class":146},"    # reverse the list\n",[50,76514,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,76516,119],{"class":118},[50,76518,122],{"class":64},[50,76520,3678],{"class":125},[50,76522,779],{"class":64},[50,76524,2527],{"class":101},[50,76526,78],{"class":64},[50,76528,3011],{"class":101},[50,76530,78],{"class":64},[50,76532,2041],{"class":60},[50,76534,3011],{"class":101},[50,76536,872],{"class":64},[50,76538,76539],{"class":146},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76541,2091],{},[41,76543,76545],{"className":43,"code":76544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76546,76547,76563,76579,76607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76548,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76550,779],{"class":64},[50,76552,2352],{"class":101},[50,76554,89],{"class":64},[50,76556,7821],{"class":101},[50,76558,89],{"class":64},[50,76560,5103],{"class":101},[50,76562,788],{"class":64},[50,76564,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76566,779],{"class":64},[50,76568,15755],{"class":101},[50,76570,89],{"class":64},[50,76572,50658],{"class":101},[50,76574,89],{"class":64},[50,76576,75919],{"class":101},[50,76578,788],{"class":64},[50,76580,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76582,779],{"class":64},[50,76584,76098],{"class":101},[50,76586,89],{"class":64},[50,76588,5103],{"class":101},[50,76590,89],{"class":64},[50,76592,50658],{"class":101},[50,76594,89],{"class":64},[50,76596,7821],{"class":101},[50,76598,89],{"class":64},[50,76600,7816],{"class":101},[50,76602,89],{"class":64},[50,76604,1144],{"class":101},[50,76606,788],{"class":64},[50,76608,76609,76611,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,76610,779],{"class":64},[50,76612,76613],{"class":101},"50",[50,76615,89],{"class":64},[50,76617,50658],{"class":101},[50,76619,89],{"class":64},[50,76621,7821],{"class":101},[50,76623,788],{"class":64},[20,76625,76626,76627,129],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[380,76628,76629],{"href":74625},"how to reverse a list in Python",[811,76631,76633],{"id":76632},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76635,2859],{},[41,76637,76639],{"className":43,"code":76638,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76640,76641,76661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76642,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76644,3647],{"class":56},[50,76646,61],{"class":60},[50,76648,3652],{"class":64},[50,76650,3011],{"class":101},[50,76652,89],{"class":64},[50,76654,3016],{"class":101},[50,76656,89],{"class":64},[50,76658,2473],{"class":101},[50,76660,788],{"class":64},[50,76662,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76664,119],{"class":118},[50,76666,122],{"class":64},[50,76668,3678],{"class":125},[50,76670,73941],{"class":64},[50,76672,1215],{"class":101},[50,76674,3911],{"class":64},[20,76676,76677,76678,76680,76681,76683],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76679,40514],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76682,1215],{}," does not make sense.",[219,76685,76687],{"id":76686},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76689,76690],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[811,76692,76694],{"id":76693},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[41,76696,76698],{"className":43,"code":76697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76699,76700,76724,76728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76701,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76703,3647],{"class":56},[50,76705,61],{"class":60},[50,76707,3652],{"class":64},[50,76709,2352],{"class":101},[50,76711,89],{"class":64},[50,76713,7816],{"class":101},[50,76715,89],{"class":64},[50,76717,7821],{"class":101},[50,76719,89],{"class":64},[50,76721,50658],{"class":101},[50,76723,788],{"class":64},[50,76725,76726],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76727,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76729,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76731,119],{"class":118},[50,76733,122],{"class":64},[50,76735,3678],{"class":125},[50,76737,779],{"class":64},[50,76739,2076],{"class":101},[50,76741,3911],{"class":64},[20,76743,2091],{},[41,76745,76746],{"className":43,"code":69659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,76747,76748],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76749,76750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76751,69659],{"class":101},[811,76753,76755],{"id":76754},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[41,76757,76759],{"className":43,"code":76758,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76760,76761,76785,76789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76762,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76764,3647],{"class":56},[50,76766,61],{"class":60},[50,76768,3652],{"class":64},[50,76770,2352],{"class":101},[50,76772,89],{"class":64},[50,76774,7816],{"class":101},[50,76776,89],{"class":64},[50,76778,7821],{"class":101},[50,76780,89],{"class":64},[50,76782,50658],{"class":101},[50,76784,788],{"class":64},[50,76786,76787],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76788,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76790,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76792,119],{"class":118},[50,76794,122],{"class":64},[50,76796,3678],{"class":125},[50,76798,779],{"class":64},[50,76800,2076],{"class":101},[50,76802,78],{"class":64},[50,76804,2082],{"class":101},[50,76806,3911],{"class":64},[20,76808,2091],{},[41,76810,76812],{"className":43,"code":76811,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[30]\n",[15,76813,76814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76815,76816,76818,76820],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76817,779],{"class":64},[50,76819,36649],{"class":101},[50,76821,788],{"class":64},[20,76823,13770],{},[233,76825,76826,76832],{},[236,76827,76828,76831],{},[15,76829,76830],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[236,76833,76834,76837],{},[15,76835,76836],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76839,76840],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[233,76842,76843,76846],{},[236,76844,76845],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[236,76847,76848],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76850,253],{},[41,76852,76854],{"className":43,"code":76853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76855,76856,76876,76880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76857,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76859,3647],{"class":56},[50,76861,61],{"class":60},[50,76863,3652],{"class":64},[50,76865,2352],{"class":101},[50,76867,89],{"class":64},[50,76869,7816],{"class":101},[50,76871,89],{"class":64},[50,76873,7821],{"class":101},[50,76875,788],{"class":64},[50,76877,76878],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76879,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76881,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76883,119],{"class":118},[50,76885,122],{"class":64},[50,76887,3678],{"class":125},[50,76889,779],{"class":64},[50,76891,2157],{"class":101},[50,76893,78],{"class":64},[50,76895,2352],{"class":101},[50,76897,3911],{"class":64},[20,76899,2091],{},[41,76901,76902],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,76903,76904],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76905,76906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76907,38106],{"class":64},[20,76909,76910],{},"But this would raise an error:",[41,76912,76914],{"className":43,"code":76913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76915,76916,76936,76940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76919,3647],{"class":56},[50,76921,61],{"class":60},[50,76923,3652],{"class":64},[50,76925,2352],{"class":101},[50,76927,89],{"class":64},[50,76929,7816],{"class":101},[50,76931,89],{"class":64},[50,76933,7821],{"class":101},[50,76935,788],{"class":64},[50,76937,76938],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76939,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76941,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76943,119],{"class":118},[50,76945,122],{"class":64},[50,76947,3678],{"class":125},[50,76949,779],{"class":64},[50,76951,2157],{"class":101},[50,76953,3911],{"class":64},[20,76955,76956,76957,129],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[380,76958,69078],{"href":69077},[219,76960,15181],{"id":76961},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76963,76964],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[233,76966,76967,76971,76973,76976,76982],{},[236,76968,1678,76969,75560],{},[15,76970,75245],{},[236,76972,60510],{},[236,76974,76975],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[236,76977,37012,76978,8733,76980],{},[15,76979,75880],{},[15,76981,73345],{},[236,76983,76984,76985,76987],{},"Using step ",[15,76986,1215],{},", which causes an error",[811,76989,76991],{"id":76990},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[41,76993,76995],{"className":43,"code":76994,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76996,76997,77025],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76998,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77000,3647],{"class":56},[50,77002,61],{"class":60},[50,77004,3652],{"class":64},[50,77006,2352],{"class":101},[50,77008,89],{"class":64},[50,77010,7816],{"class":101},[50,77012,89],{"class":64},[50,77014,7821],{"class":101},[50,77016,89],{"class":64},[50,77018,50658],{"class":101},[50,77020,89],{"class":64},[50,77022,5103],{"class":101},[50,77024,788],{"class":64},[50,77026,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77028,119],{"class":118},[50,77030,122],{"class":64},[50,77032,3678],{"class":125},[50,77034,779],{"class":64},[50,77036,3011],{"class":101},[50,77038,78],{"class":64},[50,77040,2527],{"class":101},[50,77042,3911],{"class":64},[20,77044,77045],{},"This returns:",[41,77047,77049],{"className":43,"code":77048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77050,77051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77052,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77054,779],{"class":64},[50,77056,15755],{"class":101},[50,77058,89],{"class":64},[50,77060,7821],{"class":101},[50,77062,89],{"class":64},[50,77064,50658],{"class":101},[50,77066,788],{"class":64},[20,77068,40716,77069,77071,77072,77074,77075,129],{},[997,77070,1262],{}," include ",[15,77073,76613],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77076,2527],{},[811,77078,77080],{"id":77079},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77082,16643],{},[41,77084,77086],{"className":43,"code":77085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77087,77088,77108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77089,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77091,3647],{"class":56},[50,77093,61],{"class":60},[50,77095,3652],{"class":64},[50,77097,2352],{"class":101},[50,77099,89],{"class":64},[50,77101,7816],{"class":101},[50,77103,89],{"class":64},[50,77105,7821],{"class":101},[50,77107,788],{"class":64},[50,77109,77110],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77111,77112],{"class":146},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77114,77115],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[41,77117,77119],{"className":43,"code":77118,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77120,77121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77122,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77124,119],{"class":118},[50,77126,122],{"class":64},[50,77128,3678],{"class":125},[50,77130,779],{"class":64},[50,77132,3011],{"class":101},[50,77134,78],{"class":64},[50,77136,2082],{"class":101},[50,77138,3911],{"class":64},[811,77140,77142],{"id":77141},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77144,77145],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[41,77147,77149],{"className":43,"code":77148,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77150,77151,77175,77189,77193,77203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77154,3647],{"class":56},[50,77156,61],{"class":60},[50,77158,3652],{"class":64},[50,77160,2352],{"class":101},[50,77162,89],{"class":64},[50,77164,7816],{"class":101},[50,77166,89],{"class":64},[50,77168,7821],{"class":101},[50,77170,89],{"class":64},[50,77172,50658],{"class":101},[50,77174,788],{"class":64},[50,77176,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77178,75478],{"class":56},[50,77180,61],{"class":60},[50,77182,4287],{"class":56},[50,77184,75354],{"class":64},[50,77186,2076],{"class":101},[50,77188,788],{"class":64},[50,77190,77191],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77192,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77194,77195,77197,77199,77201],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,77196,119],{"class":118},[50,77198,122],{"class":64},[50,77200,75501],{"class":125},[50,77202,414],{"class":64},[50,77204,77205,77207,77209,77211],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,77206,119],{"class":118},[50,77208,122],{"class":64},[50,77210,3678],{"class":125},[50,77212,414],{"class":64},[20,77214,2091],{},[41,77216,77218],{"className":43,"code":77217,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77219,77220,77232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77221,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77223,779],{"class":64},[50,77225,2352],{"class":101},[50,77227,89],{"class":64},[50,77229,7816],{"class":101},[50,77231,788],{"class":64},[50,77233,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77235,779],{"class":64},[50,77237,2352],{"class":101},[50,77239,89],{"class":64},[50,77241,7816],{"class":101},[50,77243,89],{"class":64},[50,77245,7821],{"class":101},[50,77247,89],{"class":64},[50,77249,50658],{"class":101},[50,77251,788],{"class":64},[20,77253,77254],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[811,77256,77258,77259,8733,77261],{"id":77257},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77260,75880],{},[15,77262,73345],{},[41,77264,77266],{"className":43,"code":77265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77267,77268,77288,77292,77309,77320],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77269,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77271,3647],{"class":56},[50,77273,61],{"class":60},[50,77275,3652],{"class":64},[50,77277,2352],{"class":101},[50,77279,89],{"class":64},[50,77281,7816],{"class":101},[50,77283,89],{"class":64},[50,77285,7821],{"class":101},[50,77287,788],{"class":64},[50,77289,77290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77291,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77293,77294,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305,77307],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77295,77296],{"class":56},"reversed_copy ",[50,77298,61],{"class":60},[50,77300,4287],{"class":56},[50,77302,73941],{"class":64},[50,77304,2041],{"class":60},[50,77306,3011],{"class":101},[50,77308,788],{"class":64},[50,77310,77311,77313,77315,77318],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,77312,119],{"class":118},[50,77314,122],{"class":64},[50,77316,77317],{"class":125},"reversed_copy",[50,77319,414],{"class":64},[50,77321,77322,77324,77326,77328],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,77323,119],{"class":118},[50,77325,122],{"class":64},[50,77327,3678],{"class":125},[50,77329,414],{"class":64},[20,77331,2091],{},[41,77333,77335],{"className":43,"code":77334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77336,77337,77353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77340,779],{"class":64},[50,77342,36649],{"class":101},[50,77344,89],{"class":64},[50,77346,7816],{"class":101},[50,77348,89],{"class":64},[50,77350,1144],{"class":101},[50,77352,788],{"class":64},[50,77354,77355,77357,77359,77361,77363,77365,77367],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77356,779],{"class":64},[50,77358,2352],{"class":101},[50,77360,89],{"class":64},[50,77362,7816],{"class":101},[50,77364,89],{"class":64},[50,77366,7821],{"class":101},[50,77368,788],{"class":64},[20,77370,77371,77374],{},[15,77372,77373],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77376,77377,77378,77381],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77379,77380],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[811,77383,77385],{"id":77384},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77387,77388],{},"This is not allowed:",[41,77390,77392],{"className":43,"code":77391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77393,77394,77414],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77395,77396,77398,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77397,3647],{"class":56},[50,77399,61],{"class":60},[50,77401,3652],{"class":64},[50,77403,2352],{"class":101},[50,77405,89],{"class":64},[50,77407,7816],{"class":101},[50,77409,89],{"class":64},[50,77411,7821],{"class":101},[50,77413,788],{"class":64},[50,77415,77416],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77417,77418],{"class":146},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77420,77421,77422,129],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77423,40514],{},[219,77425,77427],{"id":77426},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77429,77430],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[233,77432,77433,77440,77446,77449,77452],{},[236,77434,37012,77435,1846,77437,77439],{},[15,77436,35879],{},[15,77438,75245],{}," positions",[236,77441,77442,77443,77445],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77444,75245],{}," index is included",[236,77447,77448],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[236,77450,77451],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[236,77453,77454],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77456,77457],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[41,77459,77461],{"className":43,"code":77460,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77462,77463,77473,77487,77505,77519,77536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77464,77465,77467,77469,77471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77466,119],{"class":118},[50,77468,122],{"class":64},[50,77470,8365],{"class":125},[50,77472,414],{"class":64},[50,77474,77475,77477,77479,77481,77483,77485],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77476,119],{"class":118},[50,77478,122],{"class":64},[50,77480,11181],{"class":118},[50,77482,122],{"class":64},[50,77484,8365],{"class":125},[50,77486,1770],{"class":64},[50,77488,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77490,119],{"class":118},[50,77492,122],{"class":64},[50,77494,8365],{"class":125},[50,77496,779],{"class":64},[50,77498,3011],{"class":101},[50,77500,78],{"class":64},[50,77502,2527],{"class":101},[50,77504,3911],{"class":64},[50,77506,77507,77509,77511,77513,77515,77517],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,77508,119],{"class":118},[50,77510,122],{"class":64},[50,77512,8365],{"class":125},[50,77514,75354],{"class":64},[50,77516,2082],{"class":101},[50,77518,3911],{"class":64},[50,77520,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,77522,119],{"class":118},[50,77524,122],{"class":64},[50,77526,8365],{"class":125},[50,77528,779],{"class":64},[50,77530,2041],{"class":60},[50,77532,2082],{"class":101},[50,77534,77535],{"class":64},":])\n",[50,77537,77538,77540,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,77539,119],{"class":118},[50,77541,122],{"class":64},[50,77543,8365],{"class":125},[50,77545,73941],{"class":64},[50,77547,2041],{"class":60},[50,77549,3011],{"class":101},[50,77551,3911],{"class":64},[20,77553,8444,77554,77556,77557,77561],{},[15,77555,42172],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[380,77558,77560],{"href":77559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[219,77563,1857],{"id":1856},[811,77565,77567],{"id":77566},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77569,77570],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[811,77572,77574],{"id":77573},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77576,77577],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[811,77579,5164,77581,39770],{"id":77580},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77582,75880],{},[20,77584,77585],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[811,77587,77589,77590,1867],{"id":77588},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77591,70550],{},[20,77593,77594],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[219,77596,1909],{"id":1908},[233,77598,77599,77604,77609,77613,77617,77621],{},[236,77600,77601],{},[380,77602,77603],{"href":50794},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[236,77605,77606],{},[380,77607,77608],{"href":56970},"How to create a list in Python",[236,77610,77611],{},[380,77612,14969],{"href":57036},[236,77614,77615],{},[380,77616,74626],{"href":74625},[236,77618,77619],{},[380,77620,77560],{"href":77559},[236,77622,77623],{},[380,77624,69078],{"href":69077},[20,77626,77627,77628,77630],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77629,42172],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1944,77632,77633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":77635},[77636,77637,77638,77639,77640,77641,77644,77648,77656,77657,77665],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":75409,"depth":108,"text":75410},{"id":75572,"depth":108,"text":75573},{"id":75834,"depth":108,"text":75835},{"id":76128,"depth":108,"text":76129},{"id":76374,"depth":108,"text":76375,"children":77642},[77643],{"id":76632,"depth":115,"text":76633},{"id":76686,"depth":108,"text":76687,"children":77645},[77646,77647],{"id":76693,"depth":115,"text":76694},{"id":76754,"depth":115,"text":76755},{"id":76961,"depth":108,"text":15181,"children":77649},[77650,77651,77652,77653,77655],{"id":76990,"depth":115,"text":76991},{"id":77079,"depth":115,"text":77080},{"id":77141,"depth":115,"text":77142},{"id":77257,"depth":115,"text":77654},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77384,"depth":115,"text":77385},{"id":77426,"depth":108,"text":77427},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":77658},[77659,77660,77661,77663],{"id":77566,"depth":115,"text":77567},{"id":77573,"depth":115,"text":77574},{"id":77580,"depth":115,"text":77662},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77588,"depth":115,"text":77664},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75232,"description":77666},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77673,"title":77674,"body":77675,"description":79744,"extension":1981,"meta":79745,"navigation":111,"path":79746,"seo":79747,"stem":79748,"__hash__":79749},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77676,"toc":79710},[77677,77682,77688,77694,77696,77743,77750,77755,77759,77774,77777,77830,77832,77857,77862,77864,77896,77899,77915,77917,77978,77980,78005,78009,78014,78067,78069,78094,78099,78160,78162,78187,78190,78197,78201,78204,78265,78267,78300,78303,78364,78366,78399,78405,78478,78480,78512,78519,78524,78529,78531,78543,78546,78624,78626,78667,78670,78744,78746,78779,78784,78791,78798,78802,78811,78815,78823,78825,78892,78894,78930,78935,78946,78948,78953,78958,78960,79023,79025,79050,79057,79062,79066,79069,79109,79114,79120,79125,79127,79154,79159,79162,79209,79211,79268,79275,79280,79286,79355,79359,79362,79425,79427,79460,79465,79467,79470,79551,79553,79577,79583,79585,79590,79594,79601,79609,79613,79615,79638,79642,79644,79671,79674,79681,79684,79686,79707],[10,77678,54158,77680,18],{"id":77679},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77681,64130],{},[20,77683,77684,77687],{},[15,77685,77686],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77689,77690,77691,77693],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77692,64130],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[219,77695,2022],{"id":2021},[41,77697,77699],{"className":43,"code":77698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77700,77701,77721,77731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77702,77703,77705,77707,77709,77711,77713,77715,77717,77719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77704,3647],{"class":56},[50,77706,61],{"class":60},[50,77708,3652],{"class":64},[50,77710,2082],{"class":101},[50,77712,89],{"class":64},[50,77714,5521],{"class":101},[50,77716,89],{"class":64},[50,77718,3016],{"class":101},[50,77720,788],{"class":64},[50,77722,77723,77725,77727,77729],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77724,3678],{"class":56},[50,77726,129],{"class":64},[50,77728,34604],{"class":125},[50,77730,8671],{"class":64},[50,77732,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77734,119],{"class":118},[50,77736,122],{"class":64},[50,77738,3678],{"class":125},[50,77740,1206],{"class":64},[50,77742,54748],{"class":146},[20,77744,212,77745,77747,77748,129],{},[15,77746,77686],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77749,38],{},[219,77751,222,77753,225],{"id":77752},"what-listsort-does",[15,77754,77686],{},[20,77756,77757,78],{},[15,77758,77686],{},[233,77760,77761,77764,77767,77771],{},[236,77762,77763],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[236,77765,77766],{},"Changes the original list",[236,77768,241,77769],{},[15,77770,38],{},[236,77772,77773],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77775,77776],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[41,77778,77780],{"className":43,"code":77779,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77781,77782,77806,77816,77820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77783,77784,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77785,3647],{"class":56},[50,77787,61],{"class":60},[50,77789,3652],{"class":64},[50,77791,2157],{"class":101},[50,77793,89],{"class":64},[50,77795,3016],{"class":101},[50,77797,89],{"class":64},[50,77799,53952],{"class":101},[50,77801,89],{"class":64},[50,77803,5521],{"class":101},[50,77805,788],{"class":64},[50,77807,77808,77810,77812,77814],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77809,3678],{"class":56},[50,77811,129],{"class":64},[50,77813,34604],{"class":125},[50,77815,8671],{"class":64},[50,77817,77818],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77819,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77821,77822,77824,77826,77828],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,77823,119],{"class":118},[50,77825,122],{"class":64},[50,77827,3678],{"class":125},[50,77829,414],{"class":64},[20,77831,2091],{},[41,77833,77835],{"className":43,"code":77834,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77836,77837],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77838,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851,77853,77855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77840,779],{"class":64},[50,77842,3011],{"class":101},[50,77844,89],{"class":64},[50,77846,3016],{"class":101},[50,77848,89],{"class":64},[50,77850,4629],{"class":101},[50,77852,89],{"class":64},[50,77854,53952],{"class":101},[50,77856,788],{"class":64},[20,77858,77859,77860,129],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[380,77861,66896],{"href":50794},[219,77863,387],{"id":386},[41,77865,77867],{"className":43,"code":77866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77868,77869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77870,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77890,77892,77894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77872,8365],{"class":56},[50,77874,129],{"class":64},[50,77876,34604],{"class":125},[50,77878,122],{"class":64},[50,77880,411],{"class":9202},[50,77882,61],{"class":60},[50,77884,38],{"class":1494},[50,77886,89],{"class":64},[50,77888,77889],{"class":9202}," reverse",[50,77891,61],{"class":60},[50,77893,3702],{"class":1494},[50,77895,414],{"class":64},[20,77897,77898],{},"Main arguments:",[233,77900,77901,77906,77912],{},[236,77902,77903,77905],{},[15,77904,411],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[236,77907,77908,77911],{},[15,77909,77910],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[236,77913,77914],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77916,253],{},[41,77918,77920],{"className":43,"code":77919,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77921,77922,77946,77964,77968],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77923,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77925,3647],{"class":56},[50,77927,61],{"class":60},[50,77929,3652],{"class":64},[50,77931,2527],{"class":101},[50,77933,89],{"class":64},[50,77935,5521],{"class":101},[50,77937,89],{"class":64},[50,77939,6018],{"class":101},[50,77941,89],{"class":64},[50,77943,3016],{"class":101},[50,77945,788],{"class":64},[50,77947,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77949,3678],{"class":56},[50,77951,129],{"class":64},[50,77953,34604],{"class":125},[50,77955,122],{"class":64},[50,77957,73396],{"class":9202},[50,77959,61],{"class":60},[50,77961,3632],{"class":1494},[50,77963,414],{"class":64},[50,77965,77966],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77967,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77969,77970,77972,77974,77976],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,77971,119],{"class":118},[50,77973,122],{"class":64},[50,77975,3678],{"class":125},[50,77977,414],{"class":64},[20,77979,2091],{},[41,77981,77983],{"className":43,"code":77982,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77984,77985],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77986,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77988,779],{"class":64},[50,77990,2044],{"class":101},[50,77992,89],{"class":64},[50,77994,2479],{"class":101},[50,77996,89],{"class":64},[50,77998,3016],{"class":101},[50,78000,89],{"class":64},[50,78002,5521],{"class":101},[50,78004,788],{"class":64},[219,78006,78008],{"id":78007},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78010,212,78011,78013],{},[15,78012,64130],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[41,78015,78017],{"className":43,"code":78016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78018,78019,78043,78053,78057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78020,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78022,3647],{"class":56},[50,78024,61],{"class":60},[50,78026,3652],{"class":64},[50,78028,2352],{"class":101},[50,78030,89],{"class":64},[50,78032,2473],{"class":101},[50,78034,89],{"class":64},[50,78036,1158],{"class":101},[50,78038,89],{"class":64},[50,78040,5521],{"class":101},[50,78042,788],{"class":64},[50,78044,78045,78047,78049,78051],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78046,3678],{"class":56},[50,78048,129],{"class":64},[50,78050,34604],{"class":125},[50,78052,8671],{"class":64},[50,78054,78055],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78056,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78058,78059,78061,78063,78065],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78060,119],{"class":118},[50,78062,122],{"class":64},[50,78064,3678],{"class":125},[50,78066,414],{"class":64},[20,78068,2091],{},[41,78070,78072],{"className":43,"code":78071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78073,78074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78075,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78077,779],{"class":64},[50,78079,3011],{"class":101},[50,78081,89],{"class":64},[50,78083,2473],{"class":101},[50,78085,89],{"class":64},[50,78087,1158],{"class":101},[50,78089,89],{"class":64},[50,78091,1144],{"class":101},[50,78093,788],{"class":64},[20,78095,212,78096,78098],{},[15,78097,77910],{}," for descending order:",[41,78100,78102],{"className":43,"code":78101,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78103,78104,78128,78146,78150],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78105,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78107,3647],{"class":56},[50,78109,61],{"class":60},[50,78111,3652],{"class":64},[50,78113,2352],{"class":101},[50,78115,89],{"class":64},[50,78117,2473],{"class":101},[50,78119,89],{"class":64},[50,78121,1158],{"class":101},[50,78123,89],{"class":64},[50,78125,5521],{"class":101},[50,78127,788],{"class":64},[50,78129,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78131,3678],{"class":56},[50,78133,129],{"class":64},[50,78135,34604],{"class":125},[50,78137,122],{"class":64},[50,78139,73396],{"class":9202},[50,78141,61],{"class":60},[50,78143,3632],{"class":1494},[50,78145,414],{"class":64},[50,78147,78148],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78149,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78151,78152,78154,78156,78158],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78153,119],{"class":118},[50,78155,122],{"class":64},[50,78157,3678],{"class":125},[50,78159,414],{"class":64},[20,78161,2091],{},[41,78163,78165],{"className":43,"code":78164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78166,78167],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78168,78169,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78170,779],{"class":64},[50,78172,2352],{"class":101},[50,78174,89],{"class":64},[50,78176,1158],{"class":101},[50,78178,89],{"class":64},[50,78180,2473],{"class":101},[50,78182,89],{"class":64},[50,78184,5521],{"class":101},[50,78186,788],{"class":64},[20,78188,78189],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78191,78192,78193,129],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[380,78194,78196],{"href":78195},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[219,78198,78200],{"id":78199},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78202,78203],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[41,78205,78207],{"className":43,"code":78206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78208,78209,78241,78251,78255],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78210,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78212,4093],{"class":56},[50,78214,61],{"class":60},[50,78216,3652],{"class":64},[50,78218,69],{"class":68},[50,78220,4111],{"class":72},[50,78222,69],{"class":68},[50,78224,89],{"class":64},[50,78226,81],{"class":68},[50,78228,4102],{"class":72},[50,78230,69],{"class":68},[50,78232,89],{"class":64},[50,78234,81],{"class":68},[50,78236,4120],{"class":72},[50,78238,69],{"class":68},[50,78240,788],{"class":64},[50,78242,78243,78245,78247,78249],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78244,4137],{"class":56},[50,78246,129],{"class":64},[50,78248,34604],{"class":125},[50,78250,8671],{"class":64},[50,78252,78253],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78254,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78256,78257,78259,78261,78263],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78258,119],{"class":118},[50,78260,122],{"class":64},[50,78262,4137],{"class":125},[50,78264,414],{"class":64},[20,78266,2091],{},[41,78268,78270],{"className":43,"code":78269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78271,78272],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78273,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78275,779],{"class":64},[50,78277,1736],{"class":68},[50,78279,4102],{"class":72},[50,78281,1736],{"class":68},[50,78283,89],{"class":64},[50,78285,3321],{"class":68},[50,78287,4111],{"class":72},[50,78289,1736],{"class":68},[50,78291,89],{"class":64},[50,78293,3321],{"class":68},[50,78295,4120],{"class":72},[50,78297,1736],{"class":68},[50,78299,788],{"class":64},[20,78301,78302],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[41,78304,78306],{"className":43,"code":78305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78307,78308,78340,78350,78354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78309,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78311,4093],{"class":56},[50,78313,61],{"class":60},[50,78315,3652],{"class":64},[50,78317,69],{"class":68},[50,78319,4111],{"class":72},[50,78321,69],{"class":68},[50,78323,89],{"class":64},[50,78325,81],{"class":68},[50,78327,57585],{"class":72},[50,78329,69],{"class":68},[50,78331,89],{"class":64},[50,78333,81],{"class":68},[50,78335,4120],{"class":72},[50,78337,69],{"class":68},[50,78339,788],{"class":64},[50,78341,78342,78344,78346,78348],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78343,4137],{"class":56},[50,78345,129],{"class":64},[50,78347,34604],{"class":125},[50,78349,8671],{"class":64},[50,78351,78352],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78353,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78355,78356,78358,78360,78362],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78357,119],{"class":118},[50,78359,122],{"class":64},[50,78361,4137],{"class":125},[50,78363,414],{"class":64},[20,78365,2091],{},[41,78367,78369],{"className":43,"code":78368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78370,78371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78372,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78374,779],{"class":64},[50,78376,1736],{"class":68},[50,78378,57585],{"class":72},[50,78380,1736],{"class":68},[50,78382,89],{"class":64},[50,78384,3321],{"class":68},[50,78386,4111],{"class":72},[50,78388,1736],{"class":68},[50,78390,89],{"class":64},[50,78392,3321],{"class":68},[50,78394,4120],{"class":72},[50,78396,1736],{"class":68},[50,78398,788],{"class":64},[20,78400,78401,78402,78],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78403,78404],{},"key=str.lower",[41,78406,78408],{"className":43,"code":78407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78409,78410,78442,78464,78468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78411,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78413,4093],{"class":56},[50,78415,61],{"class":60},[50,78417,3652],{"class":64},[50,78419,69],{"class":68},[50,78421,4111],{"class":72},[50,78423,69],{"class":68},[50,78425,89],{"class":64},[50,78427,81],{"class":68},[50,78429,57585],{"class":72},[50,78431,69],{"class":68},[50,78433,89],{"class":64},[50,78435,81],{"class":68},[50,78437,4120],{"class":72},[50,78439,69],{"class":68},[50,78441,788],{"class":64},[50,78443,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78445,4137],{"class":56},[50,78447,129],{"class":64},[50,78449,34604],{"class":125},[50,78451,122],{"class":64},[50,78453,411],{"class":9202},[50,78455,61],{"class":60},[50,78457,3470],{"class":1779},[50,78459,129],{"class":64},[50,78461,8668],{"class":24549},[50,78463,414],{"class":64},[50,78465,78466],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78467,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78469,78470,78472,78474,78476],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78471,119],{"class":118},[50,78473,122],{"class":64},[50,78475,4137],{"class":125},[50,78477,414],{"class":64},[20,78479,2091],{},[41,78481,78482],{"className":43,"code":78368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,78483,78484],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78485,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78487,779],{"class":64},[50,78489,1736],{"class":68},[50,78491,57585],{"class":72},[50,78493,1736],{"class":68},[50,78495,89],{"class":64},[50,78497,3321],{"class":68},[50,78499,4111],{"class":72},[50,78501,1736],{"class":68},[50,78503,89],{"class":64},[50,78505,3321],{"class":68},[50,78507,4120],{"class":72},[50,78509,1736],{"class":68},[50,78511,788],{"class":64},[20,78513,78514,78515,78518],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78516,78517],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[219,78520,36420,78522,36423],{"id":78521},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78523,411],{},[20,78525,228,78526,78528],{},[15,78527,411],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78530,7368],{},[233,78532,78533,78538],{},[236,78534,78535,78537],{},[15,78536,11181],{}," to sort by length",[236,78539,78540,78542],{},[15,78541,78517],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78544,78545],{},"Sort words by length:",[41,78547,78549],{"className":43,"code":78548,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78550,78551,78592,78610,78614],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78552,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78554,4093],{"class":56},[50,78556,61],{"class":60},[50,78558,3652],{"class":64},[50,78560,69],{"class":68},[50,78562,78563],{"class":72},"pear",[50,78565,69],{"class":68},[50,78567,89],{"class":64},[50,78569,81],{"class":68},[50,78571,4111],{"class":72},[50,78573,69],{"class":68},[50,78575,89],{"class":64},[50,78577,81],{"class":68},[50,78579,38167],{"class":72},[50,78581,69],{"class":68},[50,78583,89],{"class":64},[50,78585,81],{"class":68},[50,78587,4102],{"class":72},[50,78589,69],{"class":68},[50,78591,788],{"class":64},[50,78593,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78595,4137],{"class":56},[50,78597,129],{"class":64},[50,78599,34604],{"class":125},[50,78601,122],{"class":64},[50,78603,411],{"class":9202},[50,78605,61],{"class":60},[50,78607,11181],{"class":118},[50,78609,414],{"class":64},[50,78611,78612],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78613,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78615,78616,78618,78620,78622],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78617,119],{"class":118},[50,78619,122],{"class":64},[50,78621,4137],{"class":125},[50,78623,414],{"class":64},[20,78625,2091],{},[41,78627,78629],{"className":43,"code":78628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78630,78631],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78632,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78634,779],{"class":64},[50,78636,1736],{"class":68},[50,78638,38167],{"class":72},[50,78640,1736],{"class":68},[50,78642,89],{"class":64},[50,78644,3321],{"class":68},[50,78646,78563],{"class":72},[50,78648,1736],{"class":68},[50,78650,89],{"class":64},[50,78652,3321],{"class":68},[50,78654,4102],{"class":72},[50,78656,1736],{"class":68},[50,78658,89],{"class":64},[50,78660,3321],{"class":68},[50,78662,4111],{"class":72},[50,78664,1736],{"class":68},[50,78666,788],{"class":64},[20,78668,78669],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[41,78671,78673],{"className":43,"code":78672,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78674,78675,78708,78730,78734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78676,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78704,78706],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78678,4093],{"class":56},[50,78680,61],{"class":60},[50,78682,3652],{"class":64},[50,78684,69],{"class":68},[50,78686,5036],{"class":72},[50,78688,69],{"class":68},[50,78690,89],{"class":64},[50,78692,81],{"class":68},[50,78694,17796],{"class":72},[50,78696,69],{"class":68},[50,78698,89],{"class":64},[50,78700,81],{"class":68},[50,78702,78703],{"class":72},"Carol",[50,78705,69],{"class":68},[50,78707,788],{"class":64},[50,78709,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78711,4137],{"class":56},[50,78713,129],{"class":64},[50,78715,34604],{"class":125},[50,78717,122],{"class":64},[50,78719,411],{"class":9202},[50,78721,61],{"class":60},[50,78723,3470],{"class":1779},[50,78725,129],{"class":64},[50,78727,8668],{"class":24549},[50,78729,414],{"class":64},[50,78731,78732],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78733,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78735,78736,78738,78740,78742],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78737,119],{"class":118},[50,78739,122],{"class":64},[50,78741,4137],{"class":125},[50,78743,414],{"class":64},[20,78745,2091],{},[41,78747,78749],{"className":43,"code":78748,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78750,78751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78752,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78754,779],{"class":64},[50,78756,1736],{"class":68},[50,78758,17796],{"class":72},[50,78760,1736],{"class":68},[50,78762,89],{"class":64},[50,78764,3321],{"class":68},[50,78766,5036],{"class":72},[50,78768,1736],{"class":68},[50,78770,89],{"class":64},[50,78772,3321],{"class":68},[50,78774,78703],{"class":72},[50,78776,1736],{"class":68},[50,78778,788],{"class":64},[20,78780,228,78781,78783],{},[15,78782,411],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[219,78785,78787,10608,78789],{"id":78786},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78788,77686],{},[15,78790,74243],{},[20,78792,78793,1846,78795,78797],{},[15,78794,77686],{},[15,78796,74243],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78799,78800,78],{},[15,78801,77686],{},[233,78803,78804,78807],{},[236,78805,78806],{},"Changes the existing list",[236,78808,241,78809],{},[15,78810,38],{},[20,78812,78813,78],{},[15,78814,74243],{},[233,78816,78817,78820],{},[236,78818,78819],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[236,78821,78822],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78824,253],{},[41,78826,78828],{"className":43,"code":78827,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78829,78830,78850,78854,78868,78872,78882],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78831,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78833,3647],{"class":56},[50,78835,61],{"class":60},[50,78837,3652],{"class":64},[50,78839,2082],{"class":101},[50,78841,89],{"class":64},[50,78843,5521],{"class":101},[50,78845,89],{"class":64},[50,78847,3016],{"class":101},[50,78849,788],{"class":64},[50,78851,78852],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78853,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78855,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78857,55706],{"class":56},[50,78859,61],{"class":60},[50,78861,74377],{"class":118},[50,78863,122],{"class":64},[50,78865,3678],{"class":125},[50,78867,414],{"class":64},[50,78869,78870],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,78871,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78873,78874,78876,78878,78880],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,78875,119],{"class":118},[50,78877,122],{"class":64},[50,78879,3678],{"class":125},[50,78881,414],{"class":64},[50,78883,78884,78886,78888,78890],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,78885,119],{"class":118},[50,78887,122],{"class":64},[50,78889,74100],{"class":125},[50,78891,414],{"class":64},[20,78893,2091],{},[41,78895,78896],{"className":43,"code":74412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,78897,78898,78914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78899,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78901,779],{"class":64},[50,78903,2082],{"class":101},[50,78905,89],{"class":64},[50,78907,5521],{"class":101},[50,78909,89],{"class":64},[50,78911,3016],{"class":101},[50,78913,788],{"class":64},[50,78915,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78917,779],{"class":64},[50,78919,3011],{"class":101},[50,78921,89],{"class":64},[50,78923,3016],{"class":101},[50,78925,89],{"class":64},[50,78927,2473],{"class":101},[50,78929,788],{"class":64},[20,78931,212,78932,78934],{},[15,78933,74243],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78936,78937,78938,1846,78942,129],{},"You can learn more in ",[380,78939,3603,78940,5807],{"href":74340},[15,78941,74243],{},[380,78943,78945],{"href":78944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[219,78947,1663],{"id":1662},[20,78949,78950,78951,129],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78952,77686],{},[811,78954,12606,78956],{"id":78955},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78957,64130],{},[20,78959,25490],{},[41,78961,78963],{"className":43,"code":78962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78964,78965,78985,78999,79003,79013],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78966,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977,78979,78981,78983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78968,3647],{"class":56},[50,78970,61],{"class":60},[50,78972,3652],{"class":64},[50,78974,2082],{"class":101},[50,78976,89],{"class":64},[50,78978,5521],{"class":101},[50,78980,89],{"class":64},[50,78982,3016],{"class":101},[50,78984,788],{"class":64},[50,78986,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78988,2250],{"class":56},[50,78990,61],{"class":60},[50,78992,4287],{"class":56},[50,78994,129],{"class":64},[50,78996,34604],{"class":125},[50,78998,8671],{"class":64},[50,79000,79001],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79002,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79004,79005,79007,79009,79011],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,79006,119],{"class":118},[50,79008,122],{"class":64},[50,79010,2285],{"class":125},[50,79012,414],{"class":64},[50,79014,79015,79017,79019,79021],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,79016,119],{"class":118},[50,79018,122],{"class":64},[50,79020,3678],{"class":125},[50,79022,414],{"class":64},[20,79024,2091],{},[41,79026,79028],{"className":43,"code":79027,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79029,79030,79034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79031,79032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79033,11821],{"class":1494},[50,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79037,779],{"class":64},[50,79039,3011],{"class":101},[50,79041,89],{"class":64},[50,79043,3016],{"class":101},[50,79045,89],{"class":64},[50,79047,2473],{"class":101},[50,79049,788],{"class":64},[20,79051,79052,79054,79055,129],{},[15,79053,64130],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79056,38],{},[20,79058,79059,79060,6656],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79061,74243],{},[811,79063,79065],{"id":79064},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79067,79068],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[41,79070,79072],{"className":43,"code":79071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79073,79074,79099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79075,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79091,79093,79095,79097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79077,7805],{"class":56},[50,79079,61],{"class":60},[50,79081,3652],{"class":64},[50,79083,3011],{"class":101},[50,79085,89],{"class":64},[50,79087,81],{"class":68},[50,79089,79090],{"class":72},"two",[50,79092,69],{"class":68},[50,79094,89],{"class":64},[50,79096,2473],{"class":101},[50,79098,788],{"class":64},[50,79100,79101,79103,79105,79107],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79102,7836],{"class":56},[50,79104,129],{"class":64},[50,79106,34604],{"class":125},[50,79108,8671],{"class":64},[20,79110,3026,79111,79113],{},[15,79112,3029],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[811,79115,1678,79117,79119],{"id":79116},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79118,64130],{}," only works on lists",[20,79121,79122,79124],{},[15,79123,64130],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79126,16643],{},[41,79128,79130],{"className":43,"code":79129,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79131,79132,79144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79133,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79135,34492],{"class":56},[50,79137,61],{"class":60},[50,79139,81],{"class":68},[50,79141,45],{"class":72},[50,79143,3384],{"class":68},[50,79145,79146,79148,79150,79152],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79147,34513],{"class":56},[50,79149,129],{"class":64},[50,79151,34604],{"class":125},[50,79153,8671],{"class":64},[20,79155,79156,79157,33404],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79158,64130],{},[20,79160,79161],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[41,79163,79165],{"className":43,"code":79164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79166,79167,79185,79195,79199],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79168,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79170,35897],{"class":56},[50,79172,61],{"class":60},[50,79174,22358],{"class":1779},[50,79176,122],{"class":64},[50,79178,69],{"class":68},[50,79180,45],{"class":72},[50,79182,69],{"class":68},[50,79184,414],{"class":64},[50,79186,79187,79189,79191,79193],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79188,35950],{"class":56},[50,79190,129],{"class":64},[50,79192,34604],{"class":125},[50,79194,8671],{"class":64},[50,79196,79197],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79198,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,79202,119],{"class":118},[50,79204,122],{"class":64},[50,79206,35950],{"class":125},[50,79208,414],{"class":64},[20,79210,2091],{},[41,79212,79214],{"className":43,"code":79213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79215,79216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79217,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79219,779],{"class":64},[50,79221,1736],{"class":68},[50,79223,60256],{"class":72},[50,79225,1736],{"class":68},[50,79227,89],{"class":64},[50,79229,3321],{"class":68},[50,79231,75849],{"class":72},[50,79233,1736],{"class":68},[50,79235,89],{"class":64},[50,79237,3321],{"class":68},[50,79239,60291],{"class":72},[50,79241,1736],{"class":68},[50,79243,89],{"class":64},[50,79245,3321],{"class":68},[50,79247,20],{"class":72},[50,79249,1736],{"class":68},[50,79251,89],{"class":64},[50,79253,3321],{"class":68},[50,79255,63105],{"class":72},[50,79257,1736],{"class":68},[50,79259,89],{"class":64},[50,79261,3321],{"class":68},[50,79263,11759],{"class":72},[50,79265,1736],{"class":68},[50,79267,788],{"class":64},[811,79269,79271,79272,79274],{"id":79270},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79273,411],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79276,79277,79278,129],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79279,411],{},[20,79281,79282,79283,79285],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79284,64130],{}," will not do that:",[41,79287,79289],{"className":43,"code":79288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79290,79291,79323,79341,79345],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79292,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79294,4093],{"class":56},[50,79296,61],{"class":60},[50,79298,3652],{"class":64},[50,79300,69],{"class":68},[50,79302,4111],{"class":72},[50,79304,69],{"class":68},[50,79306,89],{"class":64},[50,79308,81],{"class":68},[50,79310,38167],{"class":72},[50,79312,69],{"class":68},[50,79314,89],{"class":64},[50,79316,81],{"class":68},[50,79318,4102],{"class":72},[50,79320,69],{"class":68},[50,79322,788],{"class":64},[50,79324,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79326,4137],{"class":56},[50,79328,129],{"class":64},[50,79330,34604],{"class":125},[50,79332,122],{"class":64},[50,79334,411],{"class":9202},[50,79336,61],{"class":60},[50,79338,11181],{"class":118},[50,79340,414],{"class":64},[50,79342,79343],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79344,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79346,79347,79349,79351,79353],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,79348,119],{"class":118},[50,79350,122],{"class":64},[50,79352,4137],{"class":125},[50,79354,414],{"class":64},[811,79356,79358],{"id":79357},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79360,79361],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[41,79363,79365],{"className":43,"code":79364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79366,79367,79401,79411,79415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79368,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394,79397,79399],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79370,4093],{"class":56},[50,79372,61],{"class":60},[50,79374,3652],{"class":64},[50,79376,69],{"class":68},[50,79378,79379],{"class":72},"zebra",[50,79381,69],{"class":68},[50,79383,89],{"class":64},[50,79385,81],{"class":68},[50,79387,57585],{"class":72},[50,79389,69],{"class":68},[50,79391,89],{"class":64},[50,79393,81],{"class":68},[50,79395,79396],{"class":72},"monkey",[50,79398,69],{"class":68},[50,79400,788],{"class":64},[50,79402,79403,79405,79407,79409],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79404,4137],{"class":56},[50,79406,129],{"class":64},[50,79408,34604],{"class":125},[50,79410,8671],{"class":64},[50,79412,79413],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79414,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79416,79417,79419,79421,79423],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,79418,119],{"class":118},[50,79420,122],{"class":64},[50,79422,4137],{"class":125},[50,79424,414],{"class":64},[20,79426,2091],{},[41,79428,79430],{"className":43,"code":79429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79431,79432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79433,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79435,779],{"class":64},[50,79437,1736],{"class":68},[50,79439,57585],{"class":72},[50,79441,1736],{"class":68},[50,79443,89],{"class":64},[50,79445,3321],{"class":68},[50,79447,79396],{"class":72},[50,79449,1736],{"class":68},[50,79451,89],{"class":64},[50,79453,3321],{"class":68},[50,79455,79379],{"class":72},[50,79457,1736],{"class":68},[50,79459,788],{"class":64},[20,79461,212,79462,79464],{},[15,79463,78404],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[811,79466,60528],{"id":60527},[20,79468,79469],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[41,79471,79473],{"className":43,"code":79472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79474,79475,79485,79499,79513,79527],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79476,79477,79479,79481,79483],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79478,119],{"class":118},[50,79480,122],{"class":64},[50,79482,8365],{"class":125},[50,79484,414],{"class":64},[50,79486,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79488,119],{"class":118},[50,79490,122],{"class":64},[50,79492,1780],{"class":1779},[50,79494,122],{"class":64},[50,79496,8365],{"class":125},[50,79498,1770],{"class":64},[50,79500,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79502,119],{"class":118},[50,79504,122],{"class":64},[50,79506,8365],{"class":125},[50,79508,129],{"class":64},[50,79510,34604],{"class":125},[50,79512,1727],{"class":64},[50,79514,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,79516,119],{"class":118},[50,79518,122],{"class":64},[50,79520,74333],{"class":118},[50,79522,122],{"class":64},[50,79524,8365],{"class":125},[50,79526,1770],{"class":64},[50,79528,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,79530,119],{"class":118},[50,79532,3008],{"class":64},[50,79534,1780],{"class":1779},[50,79536,122],{"class":64},[50,79538,23109],{"class":125},[50,79540,1206],{"class":64},[50,79542,3900],{"class":1622},[50,79544,5985],{"class":125},[50,79546,1562],{"class":1622},[50,79548,8422],{"class":125},[50,79550,3911],{"class":64},[20,79552,11190],{},[233,79554,79555,79558,79561,79568,79574],{},[236,79556,79557],{},"What values are in the list",[236,79559,79560],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[236,79562,79563,79564,35,79566],{},"That ",[15,79565,64130],{},[15,79567,38],{},[236,79569,79570,79571,79573],{},"Whether ",[15,79572,74243],{}," works better for your case",[236,79575,79576],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79578,79579,79580,79582],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79581,3029],{}," problems.",[219,79584,1857],{"id":1856},[811,79586,1861,79588,55285],{"id":79587},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79589,77686],{},[20,79591,62421,79592,129],{},[15,79593,38],{},[811,79595,5202,79597,1846,79599,1867],{"id":79596},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79598,64130],{},[15,79600,74243],{},[20,79602,79603,79605,79606,79608],{},[15,79604,64130],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79607,74243],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[811,79610,79612],{"id":79611},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79614,990],{},[41,79616,79618],{"className":43,"code":79617,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79619,79620],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79621,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79623,8365],{"class":56},[50,79625,129],{"class":64},[50,79627,34604],{"class":125},[50,79629,122],{"class":64},[50,79631,73396],{"class":9202},[50,79633,61],{"class":60},[50,79635,3632],{"class":1494},[50,79637,414],{"class":64},[811,79639,79641],{"id":79640},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79643,990],{},[41,79645,79647],{"className":43,"code":79646,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79648,79649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79650,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79652,8365],{"class":56},[50,79654,129],{"class":64},[50,79656,34604],{"class":125},[50,79658,122],{"class":64},[50,79660,411],{"class":9202},[50,79662,61],{"class":60},[50,79664,3470],{"class":1779},[50,79666,129],{"class":64},[50,79668,8668],{"class":24549},[50,79670,414],{"class":64},[20,79672,79673],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[811,79675,79677,79678,79680],{"id":79676},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79679,3029],{}," when sorting?",[20,79682,79683],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[219,79685,1909],{"id":1908},[233,79687,79688,79693,79699,79703],{},[236,79689,79690],{},[380,79691,79692],{"href":78195},"How to sort a list in Python",[236,79694,79695],{},[380,79696,3603,79697,5807],{"href":74340},[15,79698,74243],{},[236,79700,79701],{},[380,79702,66896],{"href":50794},[236,79704,79705],{},[380,79706,78945],{"href":78944},[1944,79708,79709],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":79711},[79712,79713,79715,79716,79717,79718,79720,79722,79733,79743],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":77752,"depth":108,"text":79714},"What list.sort() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":78007,"depth":108,"text":78008},{"id":78199,"depth":108,"text":78200},{"id":78521,"depth":108,"text":79719},"Using the key argument",{"id":78786,"depth":108,"text":79721},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":79723},[79724,79726,79727,79729,79731,79732],{"id":78955,"depth":115,"text":79725},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79064,"depth":115,"text":79065},{"id":79116,"depth":115,"text":79728},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79270,"depth":115,"text":79730},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79357,"depth":115,"text":79358},{"id":60527,"depth":115,"text":60528},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":79734},[79735,79737,79739,79740,79741],{"id":79587,"depth":115,"text":79736},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79596,"depth":115,"text":79738},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79611,"depth":115,"text":79612},{"id":79640,"depth":115,"text":79641},{"id":79676,"depth":115,"text":79742},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77674,"description":79744},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79751,"title":79752,"body":79753,"description":82384,"extension":1981,"meta":82385,"navigation":111,"path":82386,"seo":82387,"stem":82388,"__hash__":82389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79754,"toc":82343},[79755,79760,79765,79768,79779,79782,79802,79804,79866,79868,79909,79918,79923,79928,79934,79945,79947,79966,79969,79974,79979,79981,79986,80000,80002,80020,80023,80040,80043,80049,80072,80077,80079,80082,80143,80145,80178,80180,80219,80227,80237,80243,80248,80341,80343,80367,80369,80387,80390,80421,80427,80432,80435,80437,80562,80564,80588,80590,80609,80615,80621,80740,80742,80759,80766,80772,80777,80784,80790,80792,80849,80852,80873,80876,80879,80940,80942,80975,80979,81049,81051,81068,81072,81075,81150,81152,81189,81192,81195,81266,81268,81329,81334,81339,81342,81356,81358,81431,81433,81453,81456,81459,81516,81578,81581,81613,81616,81631,81636,81638,81644,81647,81703,81706,81708,81727,81731,81733,81777,81786,81788,81848,81852,81855,81857,81950,81952,82067,82071,82073,82147,82150,82153,82155,82160,82225,82227,82251,82261,82263,82269,82278,82287,82296,82302,82305,82309,82312,82314,82340],[10,79756,3603,79758,3607],{"id":79757},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79759,39526],{},[20,79761,3610,79762,79764],{},[15,79763,39526],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79766,79767],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[233,79769,79770,79773,79776],{},[236,79771,79772],{},"converting numbers to strings",[236,79774,79775],{},"changing strings to integers",[236,79777,79778],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79780,79781],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[233,79783,79784,79791,79797],{},[236,79785,79786,14059,79788,79790],{},[15,79787,39526],{},[997,79789,1262],{}," return a list in Python 3",[236,79792,79793,79794],{},"it returns a ",[997,79795,79796],{},"map object",[236,79798,79799,79800],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79801,24580],{},[219,79803,2022],{"id":2021},[41,79805,79807],{"className":43,"code":79806,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79808,79809,79833,79852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79810,79811,79813,79815,79817,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829,79831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79812,3647],{"class":56},[50,79814,61],{"class":60},[50,79816,3652],{"class":64},[50,79818,3011],{"class":101},[50,79820,89],{"class":64},[50,79822,3016],{"class":101},[50,79824,89],{"class":64},[50,79826,2473],{"class":101},[50,79828,89],{"class":64},[50,79830,2479],{"class":101},[50,79832,788],{"class":64},[50,79834,79835,79837,79839,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79836,2250],{"class":56},[50,79838,61],{"class":60},[50,79840,79841],{"class":118}," map",[50,79843,122],{"class":64},[50,79845,3470],{"class":1779},[50,79847,89],{"class":64},[50,79849,4287],{"class":125},[50,79851,414],{"class":64},[50,79853,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862,79864],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79855,119],{"class":118},[50,79857,122],{"class":64},[50,79859,8119],{"class":1779},[50,79861,122],{"class":64},[50,79863,2285],{"class":125},[50,79865,1770],{"class":64},[20,79867,2091],{},[41,79869,79871],{"className":43,"code":79870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79872,79873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79874,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79876,779],{"class":64},[50,79878,1736],{"class":68},[50,79880,3011],{"class":72},[50,79882,1736],{"class":68},[50,79884,89],{"class":64},[50,79886,3321],{"class":68},[50,79888,2076],{"class":72},[50,79890,1736],{"class":68},[50,79892,89],{"class":64},[50,79894,3321],{"class":68},[50,79896,2082],{"class":72},[50,79898,1736],{"class":68},[50,79900,89],{"class":64},[50,79902,3321],{"class":68},[50,79904,2527],{"class":72},[50,79906,1736],{"class":68},[50,79908,788],{"class":64},[20,79910,212,79911,79914,79915,79917],{},[15,79912,79913],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79916,24580],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[219,79919,222,79921,225],{"id":79920},"what-map-does",[15,79922,39526],{},[20,79924,79925,79927],{},[15,79926,39526],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79929,79930,79931,79933],{},"An ",[997,79932,3748],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[233,79935,79936,79938,79940,79942],{},[236,79937,37710],{},[236,79939,37713],{},[236,79941,37716],{},[236,79943,79944],{},"a range object",[20,79946,30527],{},[41,79948,79950],{"className":43,"code":79949,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79951,79952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79953,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79955,39669],{"class":118},[50,79957,122],{"class":64},[50,79959,37669],{"class":125},[50,79961,89],{"class":64},[50,79963,37674],{"class":125},[50,79965,414],{"class":64},[20,79967,79968],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79970,79971,79972,33545],{},"Important: the result is a ",[997,79973,79796],{},[20,79975,79976,79977,129],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[380,79978,5158],{"href":5157},[219,79980,387],{"id":386},[20,79982,79983,79985],{},[15,79984,39526],{}," needs at least two parts:",[233,79987,79988,79994],{},[236,79989,79990,79993],{},[997,79991,79992],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[236,79995,79996,79999],{},[997,79997,79998],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80001,3733],{},[41,80003,80004],{"className":43,"code":79949,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,80005,80006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80007,80008,80010,80012,80014,80016,80018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80009,39669],{"class":118},[50,80011,122],{"class":64},[50,80013,37669],{"class":125},[50,80015,89],{"class":64},[50,80017,37674],{"class":125},[50,80019,414],{"class":64},[20,80021,80022],{},"You can pass:",[233,80024,80025,80034,80037],{},[236,80026,80027,80028,32,80030,2213,80032],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80029,3470],{},[15,80031,2209],{},[15,80033,2036],{},[236,80035,80036],{},"your own custom function",[236,80038,80039],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80041,80042],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80044,80045,80046,80048],{},"You will often see ",[15,80047,39526],{}," used like this:",[41,80050,80052],{"className":43,"code":80051,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80053,80054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80055,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80057,8119],{"class":1779},[50,80059,122],{"class":64},[50,80061,39669],{"class":118},[50,80063,122],{"class":64},[50,80065,37669],{"class":125},[50,80067,89],{"class":64},[50,80069,3908],{"class":125},[50,80071,1770],{"class":64},[20,80073,6702,80074,80076],{},[15,80075,24580],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[219,80078,11490],{"id":11489},[20,80080,80081],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[41,80083,80085],{"className":43,"code":80084,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80086,80087,80107,80125,80129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80088,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80090,3647],{"class":56},[50,80092,61],{"class":60},[50,80094,3652],{"class":64},[50,80096,2352],{"class":101},[50,80098,89],{"class":64},[50,80100,7816],{"class":101},[50,80102,89],{"class":64},[50,80104,7821],{"class":101},[50,80106,788],{"class":64},[50,80108,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80110,2250],{"class":56},[50,80112,61],{"class":60},[50,80114,79841],{"class":118},[50,80116,122],{"class":64},[50,80118,3470],{"class":1779},[50,80120,89],{"class":64},[50,80122,4287],{"class":125},[50,80124,414],{"class":64},[50,80126,80127],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80128,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80130,80131,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,80132,119],{"class":118},[50,80134,122],{"class":64},[50,80136,8119],{"class":1779},[50,80138,122],{"class":64},[50,80140,2285],{"class":125},[50,80142,1770],{"class":64},[20,80144,2091],{},[41,80146,80148],{"className":43,"code":80147,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80149,80150],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80151,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160,80162,80164,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80153,779],{"class":64},[50,80155,1736],{"class":68},[50,80157,2352],{"class":72},[50,80159,1736],{"class":68},[50,80161,89],{"class":64},[50,80163,3321],{"class":68},[50,80165,15755],{"class":72},[50,80167,1736],{"class":68},[50,80169,89],{"class":64},[50,80171,3321],{"class":68},[50,80173,36649],{"class":72},[50,80175,1736],{"class":68},[50,80177,788],{"class":64},[20,80179,11697],{},[233,80181,80182,80187,80195,80203,80211],{},[236,80183,80184,80186],{},[15,80185,3678],{}," contains integers",[236,80188,80189,80192,80193],{},[15,80190,80191],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80194,47497],{},[236,80196,80197,41966,80200],{},[15,80198,80199],{},"str(10)",[15,80201,80202],{},"'10'",[236,80204,80205,41966,80208],{},[15,80206,80207],{},"str(20)",[15,80209,80210],{},"'20'",[236,80212,80213,41966,80216],{},[15,80214,80215],{},"str(30)",[15,80217,80218],{},"'30'",[20,80220,53469,80221,80223,80224,80226],{},[15,80222,39526],{}," applies ",[15,80225,47497],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80228,80229,80230,80232,80233,129],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80231,24580],{}," better, see ",[380,80234,3603,80235,3536],{"href":64666},[15,80236,24580],{},[219,80238,8444,80240,80242],{"id":80239},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80241,39526],{}," with your own function",[20,80244,15715,80245,80247],{},[15,80246,39526],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[41,80249,80251],{"className":43,"code":80250,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80252,80253,80266,80276,80280,80304,80323,80327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80254,80255,80257,80260,80262,80264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80256,34656],{"class":2085},[50,80258,80259],{"class":34659}," double",[50,80261,122],{"class":64},[50,80263,2194],{"class":37471},[50,80265,8368],{"class":64},[50,80267,80268,80270,80272,80274],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80269,34667],{"class":1622},[50,80271,3903],{"class":56},[50,80273,39682],{"class":60},[50,80275,45402],{"class":101},[50,80277,80278],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80279,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80281,80282,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,80283,3647],{"class":56},[50,80285,61],{"class":60},[50,80287,3652],{"class":64},[50,80289,3011],{"class":101},[50,80291,89],{"class":64},[50,80293,3016],{"class":101},[50,80295,89],{"class":64},[50,80297,2473],{"class":101},[50,80299,89],{"class":64},[50,80301,2479],{"class":101},[50,80303,788],{"class":64},[50,80305,80306,80308,80310,80312,80314,80317,80319,80321],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,80307,2250],{"class":56},[50,80309,61],{"class":60},[50,80311,79841],{"class":118},[50,80313,122],{"class":64},[50,80315,80316],{"class":125},"double",[50,80318,89],{"class":64},[50,80320,4287],{"class":125},[50,80322,414],{"class":64},[50,80324,80325],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,80326,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80328,80329,80331,80333,80335,80337,80339],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,80330,119],{"class":118},[50,80332,122],{"class":64},[50,80334,8119],{"class":1779},[50,80336,122],{"class":64},[50,80338,2285],{"class":125},[50,80340,1770],{"class":64},[20,80342,2091],{},[41,80344,80345],{"className":43,"code":39695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,80346,80347],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80348,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80350,779],{"class":64},[50,80352,2076],{"class":101},[50,80354,89],{"class":64},[50,80356,2479],{"class":101},[50,80358,89],{"class":64},[50,80360,37452],{"class":101},[50,80362,89],{"class":64},[50,80364,1158],{"class":101},[50,80366,788],{"class":64},[20,80368,65403],{},[233,80370,80371,80378,80384],{},[236,80372,80373,80375,80376],{},[15,80374,39526],{}," takes the function ",[15,80377,80316],{},[236,80379,80380,80381,80383],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80382,3678],{}," into that function",[236,80385,80386],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80388,80389],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[233,80391,80392,80399,80406,80414],{},[236,80393,80394,6096,80397],{},[15,80395,80396],{},"double(1)",[15,80398,2076],{},[236,80400,80401,6096,80404],{},[15,80402,80403],{},"double(2)",[15,80405,2527],{},[236,80407,80408,6096,80411],{},[15,80409,80410],{},"double(3)",[15,80412,80413],{},"6",[236,80415,80416,6096,80419],{},[15,80417,80418],{},"double(4)",[15,80420,2367],{},[219,80422,8444,80424,80426],{"id":80423},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80425,39526],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80428,80429,80431],{},[15,80430,39526],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80433,80434],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80436,253],{},[41,80438,80440],{"className":43,"code":80439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80441,80442,80459,80469,80473,80494,80515,80519,80544,80548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80443,80444,80446,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80445,34656],{"class":2085},[50,80447,80448],{"class":34659}," add_numbers",[50,80450,122],{"class":64},[50,80452,380],{"class":37471},[50,80454,89],{"class":64},[50,80456,2582],{"class":37471},[50,80458,8368],{"class":64},[50,80460,80461,80463,80465,80467],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80462,34667],{"class":1622},[50,80464,44357],{"class":56},[50,80466,2079],{"class":60},[50,80468,35989],{"class":56},[50,80470,80471],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80472,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80474,80475,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488,80490,80492],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,80476,80477],{"class":56},"list1 ",[50,80479,61],{"class":60},[50,80481,3652],{"class":64},[50,80483,3011],{"class":101},[50,80485,89],{"class":64},[50,80487,3016],{"class":101},[50,80489,89],{"class":64},[50,80491,2473],{"class":101},[50,80493,788],{"class":64},[50,80495,80496,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,80497,80498],{"class":56},"list2 ",[50,80500,61],{"class":60},[50,80502,3652],{"class":64},[50,80504,2352],{"class":101},[50,80506,89],{"class":64},[50,80508,7816],{"class":101},[50,80510,89],{"class":64},[50,80512,7821],{"class":101},[50,80514,788],{"class":64},[50,80516,80517],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,80518,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80520,80521,80523,80525,80527,80529,80532,80534,80537,80539,80542],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,80522,2250],{"class":56},[50,80524,61],{"class":60},[50,80526,79841],{"class":118},[50,80528,122],{"class":64},[50,80530,80531],{"class":125},"add_numbers",[50,80533,89],{"class":64},[50,80535,80536],{"class":125}," list1",[50,80538,89],{"class":64},[50,80540,80541],{"class":125}," list2",[50,80543,414],{"class":64},[50,80545,80546],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,80547,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80549,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,80551,119],{"class":118},[50,80553,122],{"class":64},[50,80555,8119],{"class":1779},[50,80557,122],{"class":64},[50,80559,2285],{"class":125},[50,80561,1770],{"class":64},[20,80563,2091],{},[41,80565,80567],{"className":43,"code":80566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80568,80569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80570,80571,80573,80576,80578,80581,80583,80586],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80572,779],{"class":64},[50,80574,80575],{"class":101},"11",[50,80577,89],{"class":64},[50,80579,80580],{"class":101}," 22",[50,80582,89],{"class":64},[50,80584,80585],{"class":101}," 33",[50,80587,788],{"class":64},[20,80589,2199],{},[233,80591,80592,80598,80604],{},[236,80593,80594,80595],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80596,80597],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[236,80599,80600,80601],{},"then ",[15,80602,80603],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[236,80605,80600,80606],{},[15,80607,80608],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[811,80610,80612,80614],{"id":80611},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80613,39526],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80616,80617,80618,80620],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80619,39526],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[41,80622,80624],{"className":43,"code":80623,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80625,80626,80642,80652,80656,80680,80696,80700,80722,80726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80627,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80629,34656],{"class":2085},[50,80631,80448],{"class":34659},[50,80633,122],{"class":64},[50,80635,380],{"class":37471},[50,80637,89],{"class":64},[50,80639,2582],{"class":37471},[50,80641,8368],{"class":64},[50,80643,80644,80646,80648,80650],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80645,34667],{"class":1622},[50,80647,44357],{"class":56},[50,80649,2079],{"class":60},[50,80651,35989],{"class":56},[50,80653,80654],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80655,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80657,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,80659,80477],{"class":56},[50,80661,61],{"class":60},[50,80663,3652],{"class":64},[50,80665,3011],{"class":101},[50,80667,89],{"class":64},[50,80669,3016],{"class":101},[50,80671,89],{"class":64},[50,80673,2473],{"class":101},[50,80675,89],{"class":64},[50,80677,2479],{"class":101},[50,80679,788],{"class":64},[50,80681,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,80683,80498],{"class":56},[50,80685,61],{"class":60},[50,80687,3652],{"class":64},[50,80689,2352],{"class":101},[50,80691,89],{"class":64},[50,80693,7816],{"class":101},[50,80695,788],{"class":64},[50,80697,80698],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,80699,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80701,80702,80704,80706,80708,80710,80712,80714,80716,80718,80720],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,80703,2250],{"class":56},[50,80705,61],{"class":60},[50,80707,79841],{"class":118},[50,80709,122],{"class":64},[50,80711,80531],{"class":125},[50,80713,89],{"class":64},[50,80715,80536],{"class":125},[50,80717,89],{"class":64},[50,80719,80541],{"class":125},[50,80721,414],{"class":64},[50,80723,80724],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,80725,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80727,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,80729,119],{"class":118},[50,80731,122],{"class":64},[50,80733,8119],{"class":1779},[50,80735,122],{"class":64},[50,80737,2285],{"class":125},[50,80739,1770],{"class":64},[20,80741,2091],{},[41,80743,80745],{"className":43,"code":80744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80746,80747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80748,80749,80751,80753,80755,80757],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80750,779],{"class":64},[50,80752,80575],{"class":101},[50,80754,89],{"class":64},[50,80756,80580],{"class":101},[50,80758,788],{"class":64},[20,80760,80761,80762,80765],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80763,80764],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[219,80767,80769,80771],{"id":80768},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80770,39526],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80773,37832,80774,80776],{},[15,80775,39526],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80778,80779,80780,80783],{},"This object is ",[997,80781,80782],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[811,80785,2511,80787,80789],{"id":80786},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80788,32830],{}," looks strange",[20,80791,33446],{},[41,80793,80795],{"className":43,"code":80794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80796,80797,80817,80835,80839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80798,80799,80801,80803,80805,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80800,3647],{"class":56},[50,80802,61],{"class":60},[50,80804,3652],{"class":64},[50,80806,3011],{"class":101},[50,80808,89],{"class":64},[50,80810,3016],{"class":101},[50,80812,89],{"class":64},[50,80814,2473],{"class":101},[50,80816,788],{"class":64},[50,80818,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80820,2250],{"class":56},[50,80822,61],{"class":60},[50,80824,79841],{"class":118},[50,80826,122],{"class":64},[50,80828,3470],{"class":1779},[50,80830,89],{"class":64},[50,80832,4287],{"class":125},[50,80834,414],{"class":64},[50,80836,80837],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80838,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80840,80841,80843,80845,80847],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,80842,119],{"class":118},[50,80844,122],{"class":64},[50,80846,2285],{"class":125},[50,80848,414],{"class":64},[20,80850,80851],{},"Output will look something like this:",[41,80853,80855],{"className":43,"code":80854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80856,80857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80858,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80860,3315],{"class":60},[50,80862,39669],{"class":118},[50,80864,24416],{"class":1779},[50,80866,37172],{"class":56},[50,80868,37176],{"class":37175},[50,80870,37179],{"class":34257},[50,80872,3328],{"class":60},[20,80874,80875],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80877,80878],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[41,80880,80882],{"className":43,"code":80881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80883,80884,80904,80922,80926],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80885,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80887,3647],{"class":56},[50,80889,61],{"class":60},[50,80891,3652],{"class":64},[50,80893,3011],{"class":101},[50,80895,89],{"class":64},[50,80897,3016],{"class":101},[50,80899,89],{"class":64},[50,80901,2473],{"class":101},[50,80903,788],{"class":64},[50,80905,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80907,2250],{"class":56},[50,80909,61],{"class":60},[50,80911,79841],{"class":118},[50,80913,122],{"class":64},[50,80915,3470],{"class":1779},[50,80917,89],{"class":64},[50,80919,4287],{"class":125},[50,80921,414],{"class":64},[50,80923,80924],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80925,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80927,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,80929,119],{"class":118},[50,80931,122],{"class":64},[50,80933,8119],{"class":1779},[50,80935,122],{"class":64},[50,80937,2285],{"class":125},[50,80939,1770],{"class":64},[20,80941,2091],{},[41,80943,80945],{"className":43,"code":80944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80946,80947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80948,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80950,779],{"class":64},[50,80952,1736],{"class":68},[50,80954,3011],{"class":72},[50,80956,1736],{"class":68},[50,80958,89],{"class":64},[50,80960,3321],{"class":68},[50,80962,2076],{"class":72},[50,80964,1736],{"class":68},[50,80966,89],{"class":64},[50,80968,3321],{"class":68},[50,80970,2082],{"class":72},[50,80972,1736],{"class":68},[50,80974,788],{"class":64},[811,80976,80978],{"id":80977},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[41,80980,80982],{"className":43,"code":80981,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80983,80984,81004,81022,81026,81039],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80985,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80987,3647],{"class":56},[50,80989,61],{"class":60},[50,80991,3652],{"class":64},[50,80993,3011],{"class":101},[50,80995,89],{"class":64},[50,80997,3016],{"class":101},[50,80999,89],{"class":64},[50,81001,2473],{"class":101},[50,81003,788],{"class":64},[50,81005,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81007,2250],{"class":56},[50,81009,61],{"class":60},[50,81011,79841],{"class":118},[50,81013,122],{"class":64},[50,81015,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81017,89],{"class":64},[50,81019,4287],{"class":125},[50,81021,414],{"class":64},[50,81023,81024],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81025,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81027,81028,81030,81032,81034,81037],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81029,5982],{"class":1622},[50,81031,5985],{"class":56},[50,81033,1562],{"class":1622},[50,81035,81036],{"class":56}," result",[50,81038,6417],{"class":64},[50,81040,81041,81043,81045,81047],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,81042,8094],{"class":118},[50,81044,122],{"class":64},[50,81046,23109],{"class":125},[50,81048,414],{"class":64},[20,81050,2091],{},[41,81052,81054],{"className":43,"code":81053,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81055,81056,81060,81064],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81057,81058],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81059,46730],{"class":101},[50,81061,81062],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81063,17055],{"class":101},[50,81065,81066],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81067,46430],{"class":101},[811,81069,81071],{"id":81070},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81073,81074],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[41,81076,81078],{"className":43,"code":81077,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81079,81080,81100,81118,81122,81136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81081,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81083,3647],{"class":56},[50,81085,61],{"class":60},[50,81087,3652],{"class":64},[50,81089,3011],{"class":101},[50,81091,89],{"class":64},[50,81093,3016],{"class":101},[50,81095,89],{"class":64},[50,81097,2473],{"class":101},[50,81099,788],{"class":64},[50,81101,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81103,2250],{"class":56},[50,81105,61],{"class":60},[50,81107,79841],{"class":118},[50,81109,122],{"class":64},[50,81111,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81113,89],{"class":64},[50,81115,4287],{"class":125},[50,81117,414],{"class":64},[50,81119,81120],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81121,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81123,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81125,119],{"class":118},[50,81127,122],{"class":64},[50,81129,8119],{"class":1779},[50,81131,122],{"class":64},[50,81133,2285],{"class":125},[50,81135,1770],{"class":64},[50,81137,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,81139,119],{"class":118},[50,81141,122],{"class":64},[50,81143,8119],{"class":1779},[50,81145,122],{"class":64},[50,81147,2285],{"class":125},[50,81149,1770],{"class":64},[20,81151,2091],{},[41,81153,81155],{"className":43,"code":81154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81156,81157,81185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81158,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81160,779],{"class":64},[50,81162,1736],{"class":68},[50,81164,3011],{"class":72},[50,81166,1736],{"class":68},[50,81168,89],{"class":64},[50,81170,3321],{"class":68},[50,81172,2076],{"class":72},[50,81174,1736],{"class":68},[50,81176,89],{"class":64},[50,81178,3321],{"class":68},[50,81180,2082],{"class":72},[50,81182,1736],{"class":68},[50,81184,788],{"class":64},[50,81186,81187],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81188,38106],{"class":64},[20,81190,81191],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81193,81194],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[41,81196,81198],{"className":43,"code":81197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81199,81200,81220,81242,81246,81256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81201,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81203,3647],{"class":56},[50,81205,61],{"class":60},[50,81207,3652],{"class":64},[50,81209,3011],{"class":101},[50,81211,89],{"class":64},[50,81213,3016],{"class":101},[50,81215,89],{"class":64},[50,81217,2473],{"class":101},[50,81219,788],{"class":64},[50,81221,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81223,2250],{"class":56},[50,81225,61],{"class":60},[50,81227,22358],{"class":1779},[50,81229,122],{"class":64},[50,81231,39669],{"class":118},[50,81233,122],{"class":64},[50,81235,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81237,89],{"class":64},[50,81239,4287],{"class":125},[50,81241,1770],{"class":64},[50,81243,81244],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81245,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81247,81248,81250,81252,81254],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81249,119],{"class":118},[50,81251,122],{"class":64},[50,81253,2285],{"class":125},[50,81255,414],{"class":64},[50,81257,81258,81260,81262,81264],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,81259,119],{"class":118},[50,81261,122],{"class":64},[50,81263,2285],{"class":125},[50,81265,414],{"class":64},[20,81267,2091],{},[41,81269,81271],{"className":43,"code":81270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81272,81273,81301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81274,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81276,779],{"class":64},[50,81278,1736],{"class":68},[50,81280,3011],{"class":72},[50,81282,1736],{"class":68},[50,81284,89],{"class":64},[50,81286,3321],{"class":68},[50,81288,2076],{"class":72},[50,81290,1736],{"class":68},[50,81292,89],{"class":64},[50,81294,3321],{"class":68},[50,81296,2082],{"class":72},[50,81298,1736],{"class":68},[50,81300,788],{"class":64},[50,81302,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81304,779],{"class":64},[50,81306,1736],{"class":68},[50,81308,3011],{"class":72},[50,81310,1736],{"class":68},[50,81312,89],{"class":64},[50,81314,3321],{"class":68},[50,81316,2076],{"class":72},[50,81318,1736],{"class":68},[50,81320,89],{"class":64},[50,81322,3321],{"class":68},[50,81324,2082],{"class":72},[50,81326,1736],{"class":68},[50,81328,788],{"class":64},[219,81330,582,81332],{"id":81331},"when-to-use-map",[15,81333,39526],{},[20,81335,81336,81338],{},[15,81337,39526],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81340,81341],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[233,81343,81344,81348,81352],{},[236,81345,81346],{},[15,81347,3470],{},[236,81349,81350],{},[15,81351,2209],{},[236,81353,81354],{},[15,81355,2036],{},[20,81357,253],{},[41,81359,81361],{"className":43,"code":81360,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81362,81363,81395,81417,81421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81364,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81366,3848],{"class":56},[50,81368,61],{"class":60},[50,81370,3652],{"class":64},[50,81372,1736],{"class":68},[50,81374,3011],{"class":72},[50,81376,1736],{"class":68},[50,81378,89],{"class":64},[50,81380,3321],{"class":68},[50,81382,2076],{"class":72},[50,81384,1736],{"class":68},[50,81386,89],{"class":64},[50,81388,3321],{"class":68},[50,81390,2082],{"class":72},[50,81392,1736],{"class":68},[50,81394,788],{"class":64},[50,81396,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81398,3647],{"class":56},[50,81400,61],{"class":60},[50,81402,22358],{"class":1779},[50,81404,122],{"class":64},[50,81406,39669],{"class":118},[50,81408,122],{"class":64},[50,81410,2209],{"class":1779},[50,81412,89],{"class":64},[50,81414,3908],{"class":125},[50,81416,1770],{"class":64},[50,81418,81419],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81420,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81422,81423,81425,81427,81429],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81424,119],{"class":118},[50,81426,122],{"class":64},[50,81428,3678],{"class":125},[50,81430,414],{"class":64},[20,81432,2091],{},[41,81434,81435],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81436,81437],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81438,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81440,779],{"class":64},[50,81442,3011],{"class":101},[50,81444,89],{"class":64},[50,81446,3016],{"class":101},[50,81448,89],{"class":64},[50,81450,2473],{"class":101},[50,81452,788],{"class":64},[20,81454,81455],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81457,81458],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[41,81460,81462],{"className":43,"code":81461,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81463,81464,81484,81506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81467,3647],{"class":56},[50,81469,61],{"class":60},[50,81471,3652],{"class":64},[50,81473,3011],{"class":101},[50,81475,89],{"class":64},[50,81477,3016],{"class":101},[50,81479,89],{"class":64},[50,81481,2473],{"class":101},[50,81483,788],{"class":64},[50,81485,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81487,2250],{"class":56},[50,81489,61],{"class":60},[50,81491,22358],{"class":1779},[50,81493,122],{"class":64},[50,81495,39669],{"class":118},[50,81497,122],{"class":64},[50,81499,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81501,89],{"class":64},[50,81503,4287],{"class":125},[50,81505,1770],{"class":64},[50,81507,81508,81510,81512,81514],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81509,119],{"class":118},[50,81511,122],{"class":64},[50,81513,2285],{"class":125},[50,81515,414],{"class":64},[41,81517,81519],{"className":43,"code":81518,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81520,81521,81541,81568],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81522,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81524,3647],{"class":56},[50,81526,61],{"class":60},[50,81528,3652],{"class":64},[50,81530,3011],{"class":101},[50,81532,89],{"class":64},[50,81534,3016],{"class":101},[50,81536,89],{"class":64},[50,81538,2473],{"class":101},[50,81540,788],{"class":64},[50,81542,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81562,81564,81566],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81544,2250],{"class":56},[50,81546,61],{"class":60},[50,81548,3652],{"class":64},[50,81550,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81552,122],{"class":64},[50,81554,75849],{"class":125},[50,81556,1206],{"class":64},[50,81558,3900],{"class":1622},[50,81560,81561],{"class":56}," n ",[50,81563,1562],{"class":1622},[50,81565,4287],{"class":56},[50,81567,788],{"class":64},[50,81569,81570,81572,81574,81576],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81571,119],{"class":118},[50,81573,122],{"class":64},[50,81575,2285],{"class":125},[50,81577,414],{"class":64},[20,81579,81580],{},"Both produce:",[41,81582,81583],{"className":43,"code":80944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81584,81585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81586,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81588,779],{"class":64},[50,81590,1736],{"class":68},[50,81592,3011],{"class":72},[50,81594,1736],{"class":68},[50,81596,89],{"class":64},[50,81598,3321],{"class":68},[50,81600,2076],{"class":72},[50,81602,1736],{"class":68},[50,81604,89],{"class":64},[50,81606,3321],{"class":68},[50,81608,2082],{"class":72},[50,81610,1736],{"class":68},[50,81612,788],{"class":64},[20,81614,81615],{},"A simple rule:",[233,81617,81618,81623,81628],{},[236,81619,39800,81620,81622],{},[15,81621,39526],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[236,81624,39806,81625,81627],{},[15,81626,5982],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[236,81629,81630],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81632,81633,81634,129],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[380,81635,4417],{"href":4416},[219,81637,4543],{"id":4542},[811,81639,81641,81642],{"id":81640},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81643,24580],{},[20,81645,81646],{},"This is very common:",[41,81648,81649],{"className":43,"code":80794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81650,81651,81671,81689,81693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81652,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81654,3647],{"class":56},[50,81656,61],{"class":60},[50,81658,3652],{"class":64},[50,81660,3011],{"class":101},[50,81662,89],{"class":64},[50,81664,3016],{"class":101},[50,81666,89],{"class":64},[50,81668,2473],{"class":101},[50,81670,788],{"class":64},[50,81672,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81674,2250],{"class":56},[50,81676,61],{"class":60},[50,81678,79841],{"class":118},[50,81680,122],{"class":64},[50,81682,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81684,89],{"class":64},[50,81686,4287],{"class":125},[50,81688,414],{"class":64},[50,81690,81691],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81692,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81694,81695,81697,81699,81701],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81696,119],{"class":118},[50,81698,122],{"class":64},[50,81700,2285],{"class":125},[50,81702,414],{"class":64},[20,81704,81705],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81707,39071],{},[41,81709,81711],{"className":43,"code":81710,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81712,81713],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81714,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81716,119],{"class":118},[50,81718,122],{"class":64},[50,81720,8119],{"class":1779},[50,81722,122],{"class":64},[50,81724,2285],{"class":125},[50,81726,1770],{"class":64},[811,81728,81730],{"id":81729},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81732,16643],{},[41,81734,81736],{"className":43,"code":81735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81737,81738,81758],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81739,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81741,3647],{"class":56},[50,81743,61],{"class":60},[50,81745,3652],{"class":64},[50,81747,3011],{"class":101},[50,81749,89],{"class":64},[50,81751,3016],{"class":101},[50,81753,89],{"class":64},[50,81755,2473],{"class":101},[50,81757,788],{"class":64},[50,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81773,81775],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81761,2250],{"class":56},[50,81763,61],{"class":60},[50,81765,79841],{"class":118},[50,81767,122],{"class":64},[50,81769,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81771,81772],{"class":64},"(),",[50,81774,4287],{"class":125},[50,81776,414],{"class":64},[20,81778,81779,81780,81782,81783,81785],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81781,47497],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81784,39526],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81787,16655],{},[41,81789,81790],{"className":43,"code":80881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81791,81792,81812,81830,81834],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81793,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81795,3647],{"class":56},[50,81797,61],{"class":60},[50,81799,3652],{"class":64},[50,81801,3011],{"class":101},[50,81803,89],{"class":64},[50,81805,3016],{"class":101},[50,81807,89],{"class":64},[50,81809,2473],{"class":101},[50,81811,788],{"class":64},[50,81813,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81815,2250],{"class":56},[50,81817,61],{"class":60},[50,81819,79841],{"class":118},[50,81821,122],{"class":64},[50,81823,3470],{"class":1779},[50,81825,89],{"class":64},[50,81827,4287],{"class":125},[50,81829,414],{"class":64},[50,81831,81832],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81833,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81835,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81837,119],{"class":118},[50,81839,122],{"class":64},[50,81841,8119],{"class":1779},[50,81843,122],{"class":64},[50,81845,2285],{"class":125},[50,81847,1770],{"class":64},[811,81849,81851],{"id":81850},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81853,81854],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81856,16643],{},[41,81858,81860],{"className":43,"code":81859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81861,81862,81879,81889,81893,81913,81932,81936],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81863,81864,81866,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81865,34656],{"class":2085},[50,81867,81868],{"class":34659}," add",[50,81870,122],{"class":64},[50,81872,380],{"class":37471},[50,81874,89],{"class":64},[50,81876,2582],{"class":37471},[50,81878,8368],{"class":64},[50,81880,81881,81883,81885,81887],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81882,34667],{"class":1622},[50,81884,44357],{"class":56},[50,81886,2079],{"class":60},[50,81888,35989],{"class":56},[50,81890,81891],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81892,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81894,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81896,3647],{"class":56},[50,81898,61],{"class":60},[50,81900,3652],{"class":64},[50,81902,3011],{"class":101},[50,81904,89],{"class":64},[50,81906,3016],{"class":101},[50,81908,89],{"class":64},[50,81910,2473],{"class":101},[50,81912,788],{"class":64},[50,81914,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81926,81928,81930],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,81916,2250],{"class":56},[50,81918,61],{"class":60},[50,81920,79841],{"class":118},[50,81922,122],{"class":64},[50,81924,81925],{"class":125},"add",[50,81927,89],{"class":64},[50,81929,4287],{"class":125},[50,81931,414],{"class":64},[50,81933,81934],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,81935,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81937,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,81939,119],{"class":118},[50,81941,122],{"class":64},[50,81943,8119],{"class":1779},[50,81945,122],{"class":64},[50,81947,2285],{"class":125},[50,81949,1770],{"class":64},[20,81951,16655],{},[41,81953,81955],{"className":43,"code":81954,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81956,81957,81973,81983,81987,82007,82027,82049,82053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81958,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81960,34656],{"class":2085},[50,81962,81868],{"class":34659},[50,81964,122],{"class":64},[50,81966,380],{"class":37471},[50,81968,89],{"class":64},[50,81970,2582],{"class":37471},[50,81972,8368],{"class":64},[50,81974,81975,81977,81979,81981],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81976,34667],{"class":1622},[50,81978,44357],{"class":56},[50,81980,2079],{"class":60},[50,81982,35989],{"class":56},[50,81984,81985],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81986,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81988,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,81990,80477],{"class":56},[50,81992,61],{"class":60},[50,81994,3652],{"class":64},[50,81996,3011],{"class":101},[50,81998,89],{"class":64},[50,82000,3016],{"class":101},[50,82002,89],{"class":64},[50,82004,2473],{"class":101},[50,82006,788],{"class":64},[50,82008,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,82010,80498],{"class":56},[50,82012,61],{"class":60},[50,82014,3652],{"class":64},[50,82016,2352],{"class":101},[50,82018,89],{"class":64},[50,82020,7816],{"class":101},[50,82022,89],{"class":64},[50,82024,7821],{"class":101},[50,82026,788],{"class":64},[50,82028,82029,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,82030,2250],{"class":56},[50,82032,61],{"class":60},[50,82034,79841],{"class":118},[50,82036,122],{"class":64},[50,82038,81925],{"class":125},[50,82040,89],{"class":64},[50,82042,80536],{"class":125},[50,82044,89],{"class":64},[50,82046,80541],{"class":125},[50,82048,414],{"class":64},[50,82050,82051],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,82052,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82054,82055,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,82056,119],{"class":118},[50,82058,122],{"class":64},[50,82060,8119],{"class":1779},[50,82062,122],{"class":64},[50,82064,2285],{"class":125},[50,82066,1770],{"class":64},[811,82068,82070],{"id":82069},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82072,16643],{},[41,82074,82075],{"className":43,"code":81077,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82076,82077,82097,82115,82119,82133],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82078,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087,82089,82091,82093,82095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82080,3647],{"class":56},[50,82082,61],{"class":60},[50,82084,3652],{"class":64},[50,82086,3011],{"class":101},[50,82088,89],{"class":64},[50,82090,3016],{"class":101},[50,82092,89],{"class":64},[50,82094,2473],{"class":101},[50,82096,788],{"class":64},[50,82098,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82100,2250],{"class":56},[50,82102,61],{"class":60},[50,82104,79841],{"class":118},[50,82106,122],{"class":64},[50,82108,3470],{"class":1779},[50,82110,89],{"class":64},[50,82112,4287],{"class":125},[50,82114,414],{"class":64},[50,82116,82117],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82118,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82120,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,82122,119],{"class":118},[50,82124,122],{"class":64},[50,82126,8119],{"class":1779},[50,82128,122],{"class":64},[50,82130,2285],{"class":125},[50,82132,1770],{"class":64},[50,82134,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,82136,119],{"class":118},[50,82138,122],{"class":64},[50,82140,8119],{"class":1779},[50,82142,122],{"class":64},[50,82144,2285],{"class":125},[50,82146,1770],{"class":64},[20,82148,82149],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82151,82152],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[219,82154,67714],{"id":67713},[20,82156,8904,82157,82159],{},[15,82158,39526],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,82161,82163],{"className":43,"code":82162,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82164,82165,82175,82189,82203,82215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82166,82167,82169,82171,82173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82168,119],{"class":118},[50,82170,122],{"class":64},[50,82172,2285],{"class":125},[50,82174,414],{"class":64},[50,82176,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82178,119],{"class":118},[50,82180,122],{"class":64},[50,82182,8119],{"class":1779},[50,82184,122],{"class":64},[50,82186,2285],{"class":125},[50,82188,1770],{"class":64},[50,82190,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199,82201],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82192,119],{"class":118},[50,82194,122],{"class":64},[50,82196,1780],{"class":1779},[50,82198,122],{"class":64},[50,82200,2285],{"class":125},[50,82202,1770],{"class":64},[50,82204,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,82206,5982],{"class":1622},[50,82208,5985],{"class":56},[50,82210,1562],{"class":1622},[50,82212,81036],{"class":56},[50,82214,6417],{"class":64},[50,82216,82217,82219,82221,82223],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,82218,8094],{"class":118},[50,82220,122],{"class":64},[50,82222,23109],{"class":125},[50,82224,414],{"class":64},[20,82226,12684],{},[233,82228,82229,82234,82239,82245],{},[236,82230,82231,82233],{},[15,82232,32830],{}," shows that you have a map object",[236,82235,82236,82238],{},[15,82237,32838],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[236,82240,82241,82244],{},[15,82242,82243],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[236,82246,82247,82248,82250],{},"looping over ",[15,82249,2285],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82252,82253,82254,82257,82258,82260],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82255,82256],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82259,5982],{}," loop consume the map object.",[219,82262,1857],{"id":1856},[811,82264,1861,82266,82268],{"id":82265},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82267,39526],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82270,82271,82272,82274,82275,23737],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82273,39526],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82276,82277],{},"list(map(...))",[811,82279,14907,82281,82283,82284,82286],{"id":82280},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82282,39526],{}," better than a ",[15,82285,5982],{}," loop?",[20,82288,82289,82290,82292,82293,82295],{},"Not always. ",[15,82291,39526],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82294,5982],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[811,82297,5192,82299,82301],{"id":82298},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82300,39526],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82303,82304],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[811,82306,82308],{"id":82307},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82310,82311],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[219,82313,1909],{"id":1908},[233,82315,82316,82322,82328,82332,82336],{},[236,82317,82318],{},[380,82319,3603,82320,3536],{"href":39895},[15,82321,37384],{},[236,82323,82324],{},[380,82325,3603,82326,3536],{"href":64666},[15,82327,24580],{},[236,82329,82330],{},[380,82331,5244],{"href":5153},[236,82333,82334],{},[380,82335,5249],{"href":4416},[236,82337,82338],{},[380,82339,5239],{"href":5157},[1944,82341,82342],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":82344},[82345,82346,82348,82349,82350,82352,82357,82364,82366,82373,82374,82383],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":79920,"depth":108,"text":82347},"What map() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":80239,"depth":108,"text":82351},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80423,"depth":108,"text":82353,"children":82354},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82355],{"id":80611,"depth":115,"text":82356},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80768,"depth":108,"text":82358,"children":82359},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82360,82362,82363],{"id":80786,"depth":115,"text":82361},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80977,"depth":115,"text":80978},{"id":81070,"depth":115,"text":81071},{"id":81331,"depth":108,"text":82365},"When to use map()",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":82367},[82368,82370,82371,82372],{"id":81640,"depth":115,"text":82369},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81729,"depth":115,"text":81730},{"id":81850,"depth":115,"text":81851},{"id":82069,"depth":115,"text":82070},{"id":67713,"depth":108,"text":67714},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":82375},[82376,82378,82380,82382],{"id":82265,"depth":115,"text":82377},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82280,"depth":115,"text":82379},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82298,"depth":115,"text":82381},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82307,"depth":115,"text":82308},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79752,"description":82384},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82391,"title":82392,"body":82393,"description":84413,"extension":1981,"meta":84414,"navigation":111,"path":84415,"seo":84416,"stem":84417,"__hash__":84418},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82394,"toc":84371},[82395,82401,82406,82409,82417,82420,82422,82546,82548,82566,82568,82588,82593,82597,82611,82614,82617,82619,82624,82736,82739,82757,82763,82766,82828,82830,82839,82842,82856,82858,82906,82908,82917,82927,82933,82936,82963,82965,82973,82976,82979,83049,83051,83059,83062,83067,83072,83123,83125,83133,83136,83138,83155,83157,83209,83212,83218,83222,83227,83230,83234,83293,83295,83304,83310,83319,83323,83386,83388,83396,83401,83405,83410,83490,83492,83501,83508,83513,83518,83521,83556,83558,83566,83569,83575,83577,83627,83629,83638,83641,83659,83661,83666,83672,83679,83706,83708,83731,83736,83771,83776,83782,83787,83830,83833,83836,83875,83882,83888,83893,83908,83912,83919,83922,83926,83931,83935,83940,83942,84003,84005,84034,84039,84046,84055,84057,84060,84085,84087,84190,84193,84211,84220,84222,84227,84230,84236,84239,84241,84251,84257,84261,84319,84326,84334,84336,84368],[10,82396,3603,82398,3607],{"id":82397},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82399,82400],{},"max()",[20,82402,9152,82403,82405],{},[15,82404,82400],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82407,82408],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[233,82410,82411,82414],{},[236,82412,82413],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[236,82415,82416],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82418,82419],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[219,82421,2022],{"id":2021},[41,82423,82425],{"className":43,"code":82424,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82426,82427,82451,82466,82470,82496,82500,82532],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82428,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441,82443,82445,82447,82449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82430,3647],{"class":56},[50,82432,61],{"class":60},[50,82434,3652],{"class":64},[50,82436,2082],{"class":101},[50,82438,89],{"class":64},[50,82440,1158],{"class":101},[50,82442,89],{"class":64},[50,82444,3016],{"class":101},[50,82446,89],{"class":64},[50,82448,4629],{"class":101},[50,82450,788],{"class":64},[50,82452,82453,82455,82457,82460,82462,82464],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82454,119],{"class":118},[50,82456,122],{"class":64},[50,82458,82459],{"class":118},"max",[50,82461,122],{"class":64},[50,82463,3678],{"class":125},[50,82465,1770],{"class":64},[50,82467,82468],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82469,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82471,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,82473,119],{"class":118},[50,82475,122],{"class":64},[50,82477,82459],{"class":118},[50,82479,122],{"class":64},[50,82481,2082],{"class":101},[50,82483,89],{"class":64},[50,82485,1158],{"class":101},[50,82487,89],{"class":64},[50,82489,3016],{"class":101},[50,82491,89],{"class":64},[50,82493,4629],{"class":101},[50,82495,1770],{"class":64},[50,82497,82498],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,82499,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82501,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518,82520,82522,82524,82526,82528,82530],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,82503,4093],{"class":56},[50,82505,61],{"class":60},[50,82507,3652],{"class":64},[50,82509,69],{"class":68},[50,82511,4102],{"class":72},[50,82513,69],{"class":68},[50,82515,89],{"class":64},[50,82517,81],{"class":68},[50,82519,4111],{"class":72},[50,82521,69],{"class":68},[50,82523,89],{"class":64},[50,82525,81],{"class":68},[50,82527,78563],{"class":72},[50,82529,69],{"class":68},[50,82531,788],{"class":64},[50,82533,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542,82544],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,82535,119],{"class":118},[50,82537,122],{"class":64},[50,82539,82459],{"class":118},[50,82541,122],{"class":64},[50,82543,4137],{"class":125},[50,82545,1770],{"class":64},[20,82547,2091],{},[41,82549,82551],{"className":43,"code":82550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82552,82553,82557,82561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82554,82555],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82556,2403],{"class":101},[50,82558,82559],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82560,2403],{"class":101},[50,82562,82563],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82564,82565],{"class":56},"pear\n",[20,82567,357],{},[233,82569,82570,82576,82582],{},[236,82571,82572,82575],{},[15,82573,82574],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[236,82577,82578,82581],{},[15,82579,82580],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[236,82583,82584,82587],{},[15,82585,82586],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[219,82589,222,82591,225],{"id":82590},"what-max-does",[15,82592,82400],{},[20,82594,82595,78],{},[15,82596,82400],{},[233,82598,82599,82602,82605,82608],{},[236,82600,82601],{},"Returns the largest item",[236,82603,82604],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[236,82606,82607],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[236,82609,82610],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82612,82613],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82615,82616],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[219,82618,387],{"id":386},[20,82620,82621,82622,78],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82623,82400],{},[41,82625,82627],{"className":43,"code":82626,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82628,82629,82639,82663,82685,82708],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82630,82631,82633,82635,82637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82632,82459],{"class":118},[50,82634,122],{"class":64},[50,82636,3748],{"class":125},[50,82638,414],{"class":64},[50,82640,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649,82652,82654,82656,82658,82661],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82642,82459],{"class":118},[50,82644,122],{"class":64},[50,82646,3748],{"class":125},[50,82648,89],{"class":64},[50,82650,82651],{"class":60}," *",[50,82653,89],{"class":64},[50,82655,21377],{"class":9202},[50,82657,61],{"class":60},[50,82659,82660],{"class":125},"func",[50,82662,414],{"class":64},[50,82664,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681,82683],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82666,82459],{"class":118},[50,82668,122],{"class":64},[50,82670,3748],{"class":125},[50,82672,89],{"class":64},[50,82674,82651],{"class":60},[50,82676,89],{"class":64},[50,82678,26323],{"class":9202},[50,82680,61],{"class":60},[50,82682,2495],{"class":125},[50,82684,414],{"class":64},[50,82686,82687,82689,82691,82694,82696,82699,82701,82703,82706],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,82688,82459],{"class":118},[50,82690,122],{"class":64},[50,82692,82693],{"class":125},"arg1",[50,82695,89],{"class":64},[50,82697,82698],{"class":125}," arg2",[50,82700,89],{"class":64},[50,82702,82651],{"class":60},[50,82704,82705],{"class":125},"args",[50,82707,414],{"class":64},[50,82709,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,82711,82459],{"class":118},[50,82713,122],{"class":64},[50,82715,82693],{"class":125},[50,82717,89],{"class":64},[50,82719,82698],{"class":125},[50,82721,89],{"class":64},[50,82723,82651],{"class":60},[50,82725,82705],{"class":125},[50,82727,89],{"class":64},[50,82729,21377],{"class":9202},[50,82731,61],{"class":60},[50,82733,82660],{"class":125},[50,82735,414],{"class":64},[20,82737,82738],{},"The most important parts are:",[233,82740,82741,82746,82751],{},[236,82742,82743,82745],{},[15,82744,3748],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[236,82747,82748,82750],{},[15,82749,411],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[236,82752,82753,82756],{},[15,82754,82755],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[219,82758,8444,82760,82762],{"id":82759},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82761,82400],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82764,82765],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[41,82767,82769],{"className":43,"code":82768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82770,82771,82797,82813,82817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82772,82773,82775,82777,82779,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82795],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82774,1128],{"class":56},[50,82776,61],{"class":60},[50,82778,3652],{"class":64},[50,82780,82781],{"class":101},"72",[50,82783,89],{"class":64},[50,82785,51325],{"class":101},[50,82787,89],{"class":64},[50,82789,13515],{"class":101},[50,82791,89],{"class":64},[50,82793,82794],{"class":101}," 66",[50,82796,788],{"class":64},[50,82798,82799,82802,82804,82807,82809,82811],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82800,82801],{"class":56},"highest_score ",[50,82803,61],{"class":60},[50,82805,82806],{"class":118}," max",[50,82808,122],{"class":64},[50,82810,16390],{"class":125},[50,82812,414],{"class":64},[50,82814,82815],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82816,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82818,82819,82821,82823,82826],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,82820,119],{"class":118},[50,82822,122],{"class":64},[50,82824,82825],{"class":125},"highest_score",[50,82827,414],{"class":64},[20,82829,2091],{},[41,82831,82833],{"className":43,"code":82832,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"91\n",[15,82834,82835],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82836,82837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82838,82832],{"class":101},[20,82840,82841],{},"This works well for:",[233,82843,82844,82847,82850,82853],{},[236,82845,82846],{},"Scores",[236,82848,82849],{},"Prices",[236,82851,82852],{},"Ages",[236,82854,82855],{},"Counts",[20,82857,51895],{},[41,82859,82861],{"className":43,"code":82860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82862,82863,82891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82864,82865,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82879,82881,82884,82886,82889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82866,82867],{"class":56},"prices ",[50,82869,61],{"class":60},[50,82871,3652],{"class":64},[50,82873,40208],{"class":101},[50,82875,89],{"class":64},[50,82877,82878],{"class":101}," 5.50",[50,82880,89],{"class":64},[50,82882,82883],{"class":101}," 12.75",[50,82885,89],{"class":64},[50,82887,82888],{"class":101}," 29.00",[50,82890,788],{"class":64},[50,82892,82893,82895,82897,82899,82901,82904],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82894,119],{"class":118},[50,82896,122],{"class":64},[50,82898,82459],{"class":118},[50,82900,122],{"class":64},[50,82902,82903],{"class":125},"prices",[50,82905,1770],{"class":64},[20,82907,2091],{},[41,82909,82911],{"className":43,"code":82910,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"29.0\n",[15,82912,82913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82914,82915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82916,82910],{"class":101},[20,82918,82919,82920,82922,82923,129],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82921,82400],{}," is simpler than ",[380,82924,82925],{"href":74340},[15,82926,74243],{},[219,82928,8444,82930,82932],{"id":82929},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82931,82400],{}," with separate values",[20,82934,82935],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[41,82937,82939],{"className":43,"code":82938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82940,82941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82942,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955,82957,82959,82961],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82944,119],{"class":118},[50,82946,122],{"class":64},[50,82948,82459],{"class":118},[50,82950,122],{"class":64},[50,82952,2527],{"class":101},[50,82954,89],{"class":64},[50,82956,30745],{"class":101},[50,82958,89],{"class":64},[50,82960,6018],{"class":101},[50,82962,1770],{"class":64},[20,82964,2091],{},[41,82966,82967],{"className":43,"code":2245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82968,82969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82970,82971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82972,2245],{"class":101},[20,82974,82975],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82977,82978],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[41,82980,82982],{"className":43,"code":82981,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82983,82984,82993,83001,83011,83015,83038],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82985,82986,82988,82990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82987,2577],{"class":56},[50,82989,61],{"class":60},[50,82991,82992],{"class":101}," 15\n",[50,82994,82995,82997,82999],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82996,2605],{"class":56},[50,82998,61],{"class":60},[50,83000,2792],{"class":101},[50,83002,83003,83006,83008],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,83004,83005],{"class":56},"c ",[50,83007,61],{"class":60},[50,83009,83010],{"class":101}," 27\n",[50,83012,83013],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,83014,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,83016,83017,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,83018,83019],{"class":56},"largest ",[50,83021,61],{"class":60},[50,83023,82806],{"class":118},[50,83025,122],{"class":64},[50,83027,380],{"class":125},[50,83029,89],{"class":64},[50,83031,2582],{"class":125},[50,83033,89],{"class":64},[50,83035,9705],{"class":125},[50,83037,414],{"class":64},[50,83039,83040,83042,83044,83047],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,83041,119],{"class":118},[50,83043,122],{"class":64},[50,83045,83046],{"class":125},"largest",[50,83048,414],{"class":64},[20,83050,2091],{},[41,83052,83053],{"className":43,"code":46425,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83054,83055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83056,83057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83058,46425],{"class":101},[20,83060,83061],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[219,83063,8444,83065,46872],{"id":83064},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83066,82400],{},[20,83068,83069,83071],{},[15,83070,82400],{}," can compare strings too.",[41,83073,83075],{"className":43,"code":83074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83076,83077,83109],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83078,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101,83103,83105,83107],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83080,4093],{"class":56},[50,83082,61],{"class":60},[50,83084,3652],{"class":64},[50,83086,69],{"class":68},[50,83088,4102],{"class":72},[50,83090,69],{"class":68},[50,83092,89],{"class":64},[50,83094,81],{"class":68},[50,83096,4111],{"class":72},[50,83098,69],{"class":68},[50,83100,89],{"class":64},[50,83102,81],{"class":68},[50,83104,78563],{"class":72},[50,83106,69],{"class":68},[50,83108,788],{"class":64},[50,83110,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83112,119],{"class":118},[50,83114,122],{"class":64},[50,83116,82459],{"class":118},[50,83118,122],{"class":64},[50,83120,4137],{"class":125},[50,83122,1770],{"class":64},[20,83124,2091],{},[41,83126,83127],{"className":43,"code":82565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83128,83129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83130,83131],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83132,82565],{"class":56},[20,83134,83135],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83137,68102],{},[233,83139,83140,83149,83152],{},[236,83141,83142,83145,83146,83148],{},[15,83143,83144],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83147,65093],{}," alphabetically",[236,83150,83151],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[236,83153,83154],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83156,253],{},[41,83158,83160],{"className":43,"code":83159,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83161,83162,83195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83163,83164,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176,83178,83180,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83165,4093],{"class":56},[50,83167,61],{"class":60},[50,83169,3652],{"class":64},[50,83171,69],{"class":68},[50,83173,4102],{"class":72},[50,83175,69],{"class":68},[50,83177,89],{"class":64},[50,83179,81],{"class":68},[50,83181,83182],{"class":72},"Banana",[50,83184,69],{"class":68},[50,83186,89],{"class":64},[50,83188,81],{"class":68},[50,83190,78563],{"class":72},[50,83192,69],{"class":68},[50,83194,788],{"class":64},[50,83196,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83198,119],{"class":118},[50,83200,122],{"class":64},[50,83202,82459],{"class":118},[50,83204,122],{"class":64},[50,83206,4137],{"class":125},[50,83208,1770],{"class":64},[20,83210,83211],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83213,83214,83215,83217],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83216,411],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[219,83219,36420,83220,36423],{"id":78521},[15,83221,411],{},[20,83223,228,83224,83226],{},[15,83225,411],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83228,83229],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[811,83231,83233],{"id":83232},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[41,83235,83237],{"className":43,"code":83236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83238,83239,83271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83240,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83242,4093],{"class":56},[50,83244,61],{"class":60},[50,83246,3652],{"class":64},[50,83248,69],{"class":68},[50,83250,36855],{"class":72},[50,83252,69],{"class":68},[50,83254,89],{"class":64},[50,83256,81],{"class":68},[50,83258,68145],{"class":72},[50,83260,69],{"class":68},[50,83262,89],{"class":64},[50,83264,81],{"class":68},[50,83266,57944],{"class":72},[50,83268,69],{"class":68},[50,83270,788],{"class":64},[50,83272,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83274,119],{"class":118},[50,83276,122],{"class":64},[50,83278,82459],{"class":118},[50,83280,122],{"class":64},[50,83282,4137],{"class":125},[50,83284,89],{"class":64},[50,83286,21377],{"class":9202},[50,83288,61],{"class":60},[50,83290,11181],{"class":118},[50,83292,1770],{"class":64},[20,83294,2091],{},[41,83296,83298],{"className":43,"code":83297,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"elephant\n",[15,83299,83300],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83301,83302],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83303,83297],{"class":56},[20,83305,1212,83306,83309],{},[15,83307,83308],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83311,83312,83313,33432,83315,129],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83314,42172],{},[380,83316,83317,5807],{"href":42169},[15,83318,42172],{},[811,83320,83322],{"id":83321},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[41,83324,83326],{"className":43,"code":83325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83327,83328,83360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83329,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83331,4093],{"class":56},[50,83333,61],{"class":60},[50,83335,3652],{"class":64},[50,83337,69],{"class":68},[50,83339,4102],{"class":72},[50,83341,69],{"class":68},[50,83343,89],{"class":64},[50,83345,81],{"class":68},[50,83347,83182],{"class":72},[50,83349,69],{"class":68},[50,83351,89],{"class":64},[50,83353,81],{"class":68},[50,83355,78563],{"class":72},[50,83357,69],{"class":68},[50,83359,788],{"class":64},[50,83361,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83363,119],{"class":118},[50,83365,122],{"class":64},[50,83367,82459],{"class":118},[50,83369,122],{"class":64},[50,83371,4137],{"class":125},[50,83373,89],{"class":64},[50,83375,21377],{"class":9202},[50,83377,61],{"class":60},[50,83379,3470],{"class":1779},[50,83381,129],{"class":64},[50,83383,8668],{"class":24549},[50,83385,1770],{"class":64},[20,83387,2091],{},[41,83389,83390],{"className":43,"code":82565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83391,83392],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83393,83394],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83395,82565],{"class":56},[20,83397,1212,83398,83400],{},[15,83399,78517],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[811,83402,83404],{"id":83403},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83406,83407,83408,78],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83409,37468],{},[41,83411,83413],{"className":43,"code":83412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83414,83415,83458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83416,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83436,83438,83440,83442,83445,83447,83449,83451,83454,83456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83418,7805],{"class":56},[50,83420,61],{"class":60},[50,83422,3652],{"class":64},[50,83424,69],{"class":68},[50,83426,380],{"class":72},[50,83428,69],{"class":68},[50,83430,89],{"class":64},[50,83432,81],{"class":68},[50,83434,83435],{"class":72},"bb",[50,83437,69],{"class":68},[50,83439,89],{"class":64},[50,83441,81],{"class":68},[50,83443,83444],{"class":72},"cccc",[50,83446,69],{"class":68},[50,83448,89],{"class":64},[50,83450,81],{"class":68},[50,83452,83453],{"class":72},"ddd",[50,83455,69],{"class":68},[50,83457,788],{"class":64},[50,83459,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83461,119],{"class":118},[50,83463,122],{"class":64},[50,83465,82459],{"class":118},[50,83467,122],{"class":64},[50,83469,7836],{"class":125},[50,83471,89],{"class":64},[50,83473,21377],{"class":9202},[50,83475,61],{"class":60},[50,83477,37468],{"class":2085},[50,83479,42653],{"class":37471},[50,83481,78],{"class":64},[50,83483,38195],{"class":118},[50,83485,122],{"class":64},[50,83487,34513],{"class":125},[50,83489,1799],{"class":64},[20,83491,2091],{},[41,83493,83495],{"className":43,"code":83494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cccc\n",[15,83496,83497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83498,83499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83500,83494],{"class":56},[20,83502,49364,83503,1846,83505,83507],{},[15,83504,83308],{},[15,83506,78404],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[219,83509,36420,83511,36423],{"id":83510},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83512,82755],{},[20,83514,228,83515,83517],{},[15,83516,82755],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83519,83520],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[41,83522,83524],{"className":43,"code":83523,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83525,83526,83534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83527,83528,83530,83532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83529,3647],{"class":56},[50,83531,61],{"class":60},[50,83533,7865],{"class":64},[50,83535,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544,83546,83548,83550,83552,83554],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83537,119],{"class":118},[50,83539,122],{"class":64},[50,83541,82459],{"class":118},[50,83543,122],{"class":64},[50,83545,3678],{"class":125},[50,83547,89],{"class":64},[50,83549,26323],{"class":9202},[50,83551,61],{"class":60},[50,83553,1215],{"class":101},[50,83555,1770],{"class":64},[20,83557,2091],{},[41,83559,83560],{"className":43,"code":47065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83561,83562],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83563,83564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83565,47065],{"class":101},[20,83567,83568],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83570,83571,83572,83574],{},"Without ",[15,83573,82755],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83576,51895],{},[41,83578,83580],{"className":43,"code":83579,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83581,83582,83590,83617],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83583,83584,83586,83588],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83585,4093],{"class":56},[50,83587,61],{"class":60},[50,83589,7865],{"class":64},[50,83591,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83613,83615],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83593,2250],{"class":56},[50,83595,61],{"class":60},[50,83597,82806],{"class":118},[50,83599,122],{"class":64},[50,83601,4137],{"class":125},[50,83603,89],{"class":64},[50,83605,26323],{"class":9202},[50,83607,61],{"class":60},[50,83609,69],{"class":68},[50,83611,83612],{"class":72},"no words found",[50,83614,69],{"class":68},[50,83616,414],{"class":64},[50,83618,83619,83621,83623,83625],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,83620,119],{"class":118},[50,83622,122],{"class":64},[50,83624,2285],{"class":125},[50,83626,414],{"class":64},[20,83628,2091],{},[41,83630,83632],{"className":43,"code":83631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"no words found\n",[15,83633,83634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83635,83636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83637,83631],{"class":56},[20,83639,83640],{},"Important:",[233,83642,83643,83651],{},[236,83644,83645,83647,83648],{},[15,83646,82755],{}," works with ",[15,83649,83650],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[236,83652,40716,83653,83655,83656],{},[997,83654,1262],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83657,83658],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[219,83660,47800],{"id":47799},[20,83662,83663,83664,129],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83665,82400],{},[811,83667,83669,83671],{"id":83668},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83670,40514],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83673,83674,83675,45721,83677,129],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83676,82755],{},[15,83678,40514],{},[41,83680,83682],{"className":43,"code":83681,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83683,83684,83692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83685,83686,83688,83690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83687,3647],{"class":56},[50,83689,61],{"class":60},[50,83691,7865],{"class":64},[50,83693,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83695,119],{"class":118},[50,83697,122],{"class":64},[50,83699,82459],{"class":118},[50,83701,122],{"class":64},[50,83703,3678],{"class":125},[50,83705,1770],{"class":64},[20,83707,29482],{},[41,83709,83711],{"className":43,"code":83710,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83712,83713],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83714,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83726,83728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83716,40514],{"class":1779},[50,83718,78],{"class":64},[50,83720,82806],{"class":118},[50,83722,7391],{"class":64},[50,83724,83725],{"class":56}," arg ",[50,83727,12207],{"class":60},[50,83729,83730],{"class":56}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83732,83733,83734,78],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83735,82755],{},[41,83737,83739],{"className":43,"code":83738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83740,83741,83749],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83742,83743,83745,83747],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83744,3647],{"class":56},[50,83746,61],{"class":60},[50,83748,7865],{"class":64},[50,83750,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83752,119],{"class":118},[50,83754,122],{"class":64},[50,83756,82459],{"class":118},[50,83758,122],{"class":64},[50,83760,3678],{"class":125},[50,83762,89],{"class":64},[50,83764,26323],{"class":9202},[50,83766,61],{"class":60},[50,83768,38],{"class":1494},[50,83770,1770],{"class":64},[20,83772,83773,83774,129],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[380,83775,65658],{"href":72697},[811,83777,83779,83781],{"id":83778},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83780,3029],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83783,83784,83785,129],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83786,3029],{},[41,83788,83790],{"className":43,"code":83789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83791,83792,83816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83793,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83795,7805],{"class":56},[50,83797,61],{"class":60},[50,83799,3652],{"class":64},[50,83801,2352],{"class":101},[50,83803,89],{"class":64},[50,83805,81],{"class":68},[50,83807,15755],{"class":72},[50,83809,69],{"class":68},[50,83811,89],{"class":64},[50,83813,7821],{"class":101},[50,83815,788],{"class":64},[50,83817,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83819,119],{"class":118},[50,83821,122],{"class":64},[50,83823,82459],{"class":118},[50,83825,122],{"class":64},[50,83827,7836],{"class":125},[50,83829,1770],{"class":64},[20,83831,83832],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83834,83835],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[41,83837,83839],{"className":43,"code":83838,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83840,83841,83861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83842,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83844,7805],{"class":56},[50,83846,61],{"class":60},[50,83848,3652],{"class":64},[50,83850,2352],{"class":101},[50,83852,89],{"class":64},[50,83854,7816],{"class":101},[50,83856,89],{"class":64},[50,83858,7821],{"class":101},[50,83860,788],{"class":64},[50,83862,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83864,119],{"class":118},[50,83866,122],{"class":64},[50,83868,82459],{"class":118},[50,83870,122],{"class":64},[50,83872,7836],{"class":125},[50,83874,1770],{"class":64},[20,83876,83877,83878,129],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[380,83879,83881],{"href":83880},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[811,83883,83885,83887],{"id":83884},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83886,3029],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83889,83890,83892],{},[15,83891,82400],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[41,83894,83896],{"className":43,"code":83895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(max())\n",[15,83897,83898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83899,83900,83902,83904,83906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83901,119],{"class":118},[50,83903,122],{"class":64},[50,83905,82459],{"class":118},[50,83907,1727],{"class":64},[20,83909,3026,83910,129],{},[15,83911,3029],{},[219,83913,83915,10608,83917],{"id":83914},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83916,82400],{},[15,83918,74243],{},[20,83920,83921],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83923,83924,78],{},[15,83925,82400],{},[233,83927,83928],{},[236,83929,83930],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83932,83933,78],{},[15,83934,74243],{},[233,83936,83937],{},[236,83938,83939],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83941,253],{},[41,83943,83945],{"className":43,"code":83944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83946,83947,83971,83975,83989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83948,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83950,3647],{"class":56},[50,83952,61],{"class":60},[50,83954,3652],{"class":64},[50,83956,2082],{"class":101},[50,83958,89],{"class":64},[50,83960,1158],{"class":101},[50,83962,89],{"class":64},[50,83964,3016],{"class":101},[50,83966,89],{"class":64},[50,83968,4629],{"class":101},[50,83970,788],{"class":64},[50,83972,83973],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83974,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,83976,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,83978,119],{"class":118},[50,83980,122],{"class":64},[50,83982,82459],{"class":118},[50,83984,122],{"class":64},[50,83986,3678],{"class":125},[50,83988,1770],{"class":64},[50,83990,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,83992,119],{"class":118},[50,83994,122],{"class":64},[50,83996,74333],{"class":118},[50,83998,122],{"class":64},[50,84000,3678],{"class":125},[50,84002,1770],{"class":64},[20,84004,2091],{},[41,84006,84008],{"className":43,"code":84007,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84009,84010,84014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84011,84012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84013,2403],{"class":101},[50,84015,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84017,779],{"class":64},[50,84019,2076],{"class":101},[50,84021,89],{"class":64},[50,84023,2473],{"class":101},[50,84025,89],{"class":64},[50,84027,4629],{"class":101},[50,84029,89],{"class":64},[50,84031,1158],{"class":101},[50,84033,788],{"class":64},[20,84035,212,84036,84038],{},[15,84037,82400],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84040,212,84041,84045],{},[380,84042,84043],{"href":74340},[15,84044,74243],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84047,84048,84049,129],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[380,84050,84052],{"href":84051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84053,84054],{},"min()",[219,84056,1663],{"id":1662},[20,84058,84059],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[233,84061,84062,84069,84072,84077,84080],{},[236,84063,29451,84064,84066,84067],{},[15,84065,82400],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84068,82755],{},[236,84070,84071],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[236,84073,8480,84074,84076],{},[15,84075,82400],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[236,84078,84079],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[236,84081,8444,84082,84084],{},[15,84083,82755],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84086,11132],{},[41,84088,84090],{"className":43,"code":84089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84091,84092,84102,84116,84130,84144,84166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84093,84094,84096,84098,84100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84095,119],{"class":118},[50,84097,122],{"class":64},[50,84099,7836],{"class":125},[50,84101,414],{"class":64},[50,84103,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84105,119],{"class":118},[50,84107,122],{"class":64},[50,84109,1780],{"class":1779},[50,84111,122],{"class":64},[50,84113,7836],{"class":125},[50,84115,1770],{"class":64},[50,84117,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,84119,119],{"class":118},[50,84121,122],{"class":64},[50,84123,11181],{"class":118},[50,84125,122],{"class":64},[50,84127,7836],{"class":125},[50,84129,1770],{"class":64},[50,84131,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,84133,119],{"class":118},[50,84135,122],{"class":64},[50,84137,82459],{"class":118},[50,84139,122],{"class":64},[50,84141,7836],{"class":125},[50,84143,1770],{"class":64},[50,84145,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,84147,119],{"class":118},[50,84149,122],{"class":64},[50,84151,82459],{"class":118},[50,84153,122],{"class":64},[50,84155,7836],{"class":125},[50,84157,89],{"class":64},[50,84159,26323],{"class":9202},[50,84161,61],{"class":60},[50,84163,38],{"class":1494},[50,84165,1770],{"class":64},[50,84167,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,84169,119],{"class":118},[50,84171,3008],{"class":64},[50,84173,1780],{"class":1779},[50,84175,122],{"class":64},[50,84177,2194],{"class":125},[50,84179,1206],{"class":64},[50,84181,3900],{"class":1622},[50,84183,3903],{"class":125},[50,84185,1562],{"class":1622},[50,84187,5990],{"class":125},[50,84189,3911],{"class":64},[20,84191,84192],{},"These are useful for checking:",[233,84194,84195,84200,84205,84208],{},[236,84196,84197,84198],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84199,7836],{},[236,84201,79570,84202,84204],{},[15,84203,7836],{}," is a list or some other type",[236,84206,84207],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[236,84209,84210],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84212,69166,84213,84216,84217,84219],{},[15,84214,84215],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84218,7836],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[219,84221,1857],{"id":1856},[811,84223,5164,84225,5167],{"id":84224},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84226,82400],{},[20,84228,84229],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[811,84231,5192,84233,84235],{"id":84232},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84234,82400],{}," work with strings?",[20,84237,84238],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[811,84240,71465],{"id":71464},[20,84242,84243,52310,84245,84247,84248,84250],{},[15,84244,82400],{},[15,84246,40514],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84249,82755],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[811,84252,84254,84255,1867],{"id":84253},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84256,82400],{},[20,84258,212,84259,78],{},[15,84260,83308],{},[41,84262,84263],{"className":43,"code":83236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84264,84265,84297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84266,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291,84293,84295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84268,4093],{"class":56},[50,84270,61],{"class":60},[50,84272,3652],{"class":64},[50,84274,69],{"class":68},[50,84276,36855],{"class":72},[50,84278,69],{"class":68},[50,84280,89],{"class":64},[50,84282,81],{"class":68},[50,84284,68145],{"class":72},[50,84286,69],{"class":68},[50,84288,89],{"class":64},[50,84290,81],{"class":68},[50,84292,57944],{"class":72},[50,84294,69],{"class":68},[50,84296,788],{"class":64},[50,84298,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84300,119],{"class":118},[50,84302,122],{"class":64},[50,84304,82459],{"class":118},[50,84306,122],{"class":64},[50,84308,4137],{"class":125},[50,84310,89],{"class":64},[50,84312,21377],{"class":9202},[50,84314,61],{"class":60},[50,84316,11181],{"class":118},[50,84318,1770],{"class":64},[811,84320,5202,84322,1846,84324,1867],{"id":84321},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84323,82400],{},[15,84325,74243],{},[20,84327,84328,84330,84331,84333],{},[15,84329,82400],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84332,74243],{}," returns all items in order.",[219,84335,1909],{"id":1908},[233,84337,84338,84344,84350,84356,84360,84364],{},[236,84339,84340],{},[380,84341,84342,3536],{"href":84051},[15,84343,84054],{},[236,84345,84346],{},[380,84347,84348,3536],{"href":74340},[15,84349,74243],{},[236,84351,84352],{},[380,84353,84354,3536],{"href":42169},[15,84355,42172],{},[236,84357,84358],{},[380,84359,58773],{"href":58772},[236,84361,84362],{},[380,84363,65658],{"href":72697},[236,84365,84366],{},[380,84367,83881],{"href":83880},[1944,84369,84370],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":84372},[84373,84374,84376,84377,84379,84381,84383,84388,84390,84398,84400,84401,84412],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":82590,"depth":108,"text":84375},"What max() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":82759,"depth":108,"text":84378},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82929,"depth":108,"text":84380},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83064,"depth":108,"text":84382},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78521,"depth":108,"text":79719,"children":84384},[84385,84386,84387],{"id":83232,"depth":115,"text":83233},{"id":83321,"depth":115,"text":83322},{"id":83403,"depth":115,"text":83404},{"id":83510,"depth":108,"text":84389},"Using the default argument",{"id":47799,"depth":108,"text":47800,"children":84391},[84392,84394,84396],{"id":83668,"depth":115,"text":84393},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83778,"depth":115,"text":84395},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83884,"depth":115,"text":84397},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83914,"depth":108,"text":84399},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":84402},[84403,84405,84407,84408,84410],{"id":84224,"depth":115,"text":84404},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84232,"depth":115,"text":84406},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71464,"depth":115,"text":71465},{"id":84253,"depth":115,"text":84409},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84321,"depth":115,"text":84411},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82392,"description":84413},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84420,"title":84421,"body":84422,"description":86376,"extension":1981,"meta":86377,"navigation":111,"path":86378,"seo":86379,"stem":86380,"__hash__":86381},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84423,"toc":86333},[84424,84429,84434,84440,84442,84516,84518,84531,84536,84541,84557,84561,84566,84642,84648,84651,84694,84696,84704,84710,84713,84744,84746,84754,84760,84765,84824,84826,84835,84838,84848,84854,84859,84894,84896,84904,84910,84916,84921,84965,84967,84976,84979,85019,85021,85030,85033,85045,85050,85055,85106,85108,85117,85120,85171,85173,85182,85185,85192,85198,85203,85205,85220,85224,85284,85286,85295,85299,85471,85473,85510,85517,85523,85526,85553,85555,85576,85581,85616,85618,85626,85629,85632,85648,85653,85655,85659,85665,85669,85696,85699,85709,85749,85753,85756,85799,85801,85810,85813,85818,85887,85889,85897,85902,85906,85909,85960,85962,85970,85973,86036,86038,86046,86049,86054,86058,86071,86078,86086,86088,86090,86120,86126,86227,86237,86239,86244,86247,86252,86255,86257,86265,86273,86281,86288,86296,86298,86330],[10,84425,3603,84427,3607],{"id":84426},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84428,84054],{},[20,84430,84431,84433],{},[15,84432,84054],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84435,84436,84437,84439],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84438,84054],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[219,84441,2022],{"id":2021},[41,84443,84445],{"className":43,"code":84444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84446,84447,84471,84486,84490],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84448,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84450,3647],{"class":56},[50,84452,61],{"class":60},[50,84454,3652],{"class":64},[50,84456,2157],{"class":101},[50,84458,89],{"class":64},[50,84460,3016],{"class":101},[50,84462,89],{"class":64},[50,84464,53952],{"class":101},[50,84466,89],{"class":64},[50,84468,5521],{"class":101},[50,84470,788],{"class":64},[50,84472,84473,84475,84477,84480,84482,84484],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84474,119],{"class":118},[50,84476,122],{"class":64},[50,84478,84479],{"class":118},"min",[50,84481,122],{"class":64},[50,84483,3678],{"class":125},[50,84485,1770],{"class":64},[50,84487,84488],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,84489,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,84491,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,84493,119],{"class":118},[50,84495,122],{"class":64},[50,84497,84479],{"class":118},[50,84499,122],{"class":64},[50,84501,2157],{"class":101},[50,84503,89],{"class":64},[50,84505,3016],{"class":101},[50,84507,89],{"class":64},[50,84509,53952],{"class":101},[50,84511,89],{"class":64},[50,84513,5521],{"class":101},[50,84515,1770],{"class":64},[20,84517,2091],{},[41,84519,84521],{"className":43,"code":84520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n1\n",[15,84522,84523,84527],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84524,84525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84526,46730],{"class":101},[50,84528,84529],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84530,46730],{"class":101},[20,84532,212,84533,84535],{},[15,84534,84054],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[219,84537,222,84539,225],{"id":84538},"what-min-does",[15,84540,84054],{},[233,84542,84543,84548,84551,84554],{},[236,84544,84545,84547],{},[15,84546,84054],{}," returns the smallest item",[236,84549,84550],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[236,84552,84553],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[236,84555,84556],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[219,84558,84560],{"id":84559},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84562,84563,84564,78],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84565,84054],{},[41,84567,84569],{"className":43,"code":84568,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84570,84571,84581,84606,84624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84572,84573,84575,84577,84579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84574,84479],{"class":118},[50,84576,122],{"class":64},[50,84578,3748],{"class":125},[50,84580,414],{"class":64},[50,84582,84583,84585,84587,84590,84592,84595,84597,84600,84602,84604],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84584,84479],{"class":118},[50,84586,122],{"class":64},[50,84588,84589],{"class":125},"value1",[50,84591,89],{"class":64},[50,84593,84594],{"class":125}," value2",[50,84596,89],{"class":64},[50,84598,84599],{"class":125}," value3",[50,84601,89],{"class":64},[50,84603,34258],{"class":118},[50,84605,414],{"class":64},[50,84607,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,84609,84479],{"class":118},[50,84611,122],{"class":64},[50,84613,3748],{"class":125},[50,84615,89],{"class":64},[50,84617,21377],{"class":9202},[50,84619,61],{"class":60},[50,84621,37179],{"class":118},[50,84623,414],{"class":64},[50,84625,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,84627,84479],{"class":118},[50,84629,122],{"class":64},[50,84631,3748],{"class":125},[50,84633,89],{"class":64},[50,84635,26323],{"class":9202},[50,84637,61],{"class":60},[50,84639,37179],{"class":118},[50,84641,414],{"class":64},[811,84643,84645],{"id":84644},"miniterable",[15,84646,84647],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84649,84650],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[41,84652,84654],{"className":43,"code":84653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84655,84656,84680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84657,84658,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676,84678],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84659,3647],{"class":56},[50,84661,61],{"class":60},[50,84663,3652],{"class":64},[50,84665,2367],{"class":101},[50,84667,89],{"class":64},[50,84669,2473],{"class":101},[50,84671,89],{"class":64},[50,84673,30745],{"class":101},[50,84675,89],{"class":64},[50,84677,5521],{"class":101},[50,84679,788],{"class":64},[50,84681,84682,84684,84686,84688,84690,84692],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84683,119],{"class":118},[50,84685,122],{"class":64},[50,84687,84479],{"class":118},[50,84689,122],{"class":64},[50,84691,3678],{"class":125},[50,84693,1770],{"class":64},[20,84695,2091],{},[41,84697,84698],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84699,84700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84701,84702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84703,46730],{"class":101},[811,84705,84707],{"id":84706},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84708,84709],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84711,84712],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[41,84714,84716],{"className":43,"code":84715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84717,84718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84719,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740,84742],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84721,119],{"class":118},[50,84723,122],{"class":64},[50,84725,84479],{"class":118},[50,84727,122],{"class":64},[50,84729,2367],{"class":101},[50,84731,89],{"class":64},[50,84733,2473],{"class":101},[50,84735,89],{"class":64},[50,84737,30745],{"class":101},[50,84739,89],{"class":64},[50,84741,5521],{"class":101},[50,84743,1770],{"class":64},[20,84745,2091],{},[41,84747,84748],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84749,84750],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84751,84752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84753,46730],{"class":101},[811,84755,84757],{"id":84756},"miniterable-key",[15,84758,84759],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84761,212,84762,84764],{},[15,84763,411],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[41,84766,84768],{"className":43,"code":84767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84769,84770,84802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84771,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84773,4093],{"class":56},[50,84775,61],{"class":60},[50,84777,3652],{"class":64},[50,84779,69],{"class":68},[50,84781,78563],{"class":72},[50,84783,69],{"class":68},[50,84785,89],{"class":64},[50,84787,81],{"class":68},[50,84789,38150],{"class":72},[50,84791,69],{"class":68},[50,84793,89],{"class":64},[50,84795,81],{"class":68},[50,84797,4111],{"class":72},[50,84799,69],{"class":68},[50,84801,788],{"class":64},[50,84803,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84805,119],{"class":118},[50,84807,122],{"class":64},[50,84809,84479],{"class":118},[50,84811,122],{"class":64},[50,84813,4137],{"class":125},[50,84815,89],{"class":64},[50,84817,21377],{"class":9202},[50,84819,61],{"class":60},[50,84821,11181],{"class":118},[50,84823,1770],{"class":64},[20,84825,2091],{},[41,84827,84829],{"className":43,"code":84828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"kiwi\n",[15,84830,84831],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84832,84833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84834,84828],{"class":56},[20,84836,84837],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84839,84840,84841,84843,84844,129],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84842,42172],{},", see the ",[380,84845,84846,3536],{"href":42169},[15,84847,42172],{},[811,84849,84851],{"id":84850},"miniterable-default",[15,84852,84853],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84855,212,84856,84858],{},[15,84857,82755],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[41,84860,84862],{"className":43,"code":84861,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84863,84864,84872],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84865,84866,84868,84870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84867,3647],{"class":56},[50,84869,61],{"class":60},[50,84871,7865],{"class":64},[50,84873,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84875,119],{"class":118},[50,84877,122],{"class":64},[50,84879,84479],{"class":118},[50,84881,122],{"class":64},[50,84883,3678],{"class":125},[50,84885,89],{"class":64},[50,84887,26323],{"class":9202},[50,84889,61],{"class":60},[50,84891,1215],{"class":101},[50,84893,1770],{"class":64},[20,84895,2091],{},[41,84897,84898],{"className":43,"code":47065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84899,84900],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84901,84902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84903,47065],{"class":101},[20,84905,84906,84907,84909],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84908,40514],{}," when there is no item to return.",[219,84911,8444,84913,84915],{"id":84912},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84914,84054],{}," with numbers",[20,84917,84918,84920],{},[15,84919,84054],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[41,84922,84924],{"className":43,"code":84923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84925,84926,84951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84927,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84929,1128],{"class":56},[50,84931,61],{"class":60},[50,84933,3652],{"class":64},[50,84935,51320],{"class":101},[50,84937,89],{"class":64},[50,84939,84940],{"class":101}," 72",[50,84942,89],{"class":64},[50,84944,28707],{"class":101},[50,84946,89],{"class":64},[50,84948,75919],{"class":101},[50,84950,788],{"class":64},[50,84952,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84954,119],{"class":118},[50,84956,122],{"class":64},[50,84958,84479],{"class":118},[50,84960,122],{"class":64},[50,84962,16390],{"class":125},[50,84964,1770],{"class":64},[20,84966,2091],{},[41,84968,84970],{"className":43,"code":84969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"60\n",[15,84971,84972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84973,84974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84975,84969],{"class":101},[20,84977,84978],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[41,84980,84982],{"className":43,"code":84981,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84983,84984,85005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84985,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84999,85001,85003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84987,82867],{"class":56},[50,84989,61],{"class":60},[50,84991,3652],{"class":64},[50,84993,40208],{"class":101},[50,84995,89],{"class":64},[50,84997,84998],{"class":101}," 5.49",[50,85000,89],{"class":64},[50,85002,82883],{"class":101},[50,85004,788],{"class":64},[50,85006,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85008,119],{"class":118},[50,85010,122],{"class":64},[50,85012,84479],{"class":118},[50,85014,122],{"class":64},[50,85016,82903],{"class":125},[50,85018,1770],{"class":64},[20,85020,2091],{},[41,85022,85024],{"className":43,"code":85023,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.49\n",[15,85025,85026],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85027,85028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85029,85023],{"class":101},[20,85031,85032],{},"This is useful for things like:",[233,85034,85035,85037,85039,85042],{},[236,85036,16390],{},[236,85038,82903],{},[236,85040,85041],{},"measurements",[236,85043,85044],{},"ages",[219,85046,8444,85048,46872],{"id":85047},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85049,84054],{},[20,85051,85052,85054],{},[15,85053,84054],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[41,85056,85058],{"className":43,"code":85057,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85059,85060,85092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85061,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85063,4093],{"class":56},[50,85065,61],{"class":60},[50,85067,3652],{"class":64},[50,85069,69],{"class":68},[50,85071,4111],{"class":72},[50,85073,69],{"class":68},[50,85075,89],{"class":64},[50,85077,81],{"class":68},[50,85079,4102],{"class":72},[50,85081,69],{"class":68},[50,85083,89],{"class":64},[50,85085,81],{"class":68},[50,85087,4120],{"class":72},[50,85089,69],{"class":68},[50,85091,788],{"class":64},[50,85093,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85095,119],{"class":118},[50,85097,122],{"class":64},[50,85099,84479],{"class":118},[50,85101,122],{"class":64},[50,85103,4137],{"class":125},[50,85105,1770],{"class":64},[20,85107,2091],{},[41,85109,85111],{"className":43,"code":85110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apple\n",[15,85112,85113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85114,85115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85116,85110],{"class":56},[20,85118,85119],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[41,85121,85123],{"className":43,"code":85122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85124,85125,85157],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85126,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85128,4093],{"class":56},[50,85130,61],{"class":60},[50,85132,3652],{"class":64},[50,85134,69],{"class":68},[50,85136,4111],{"class":72},[50,85138,69],{"class":68},[50,85140,89],{"class":64},[50,85142,81],{"class":68},[50,85144,57585],{"class":72},[50,85146,69],{"class":68},[50,85148,89],{"class":64},[50,85150,81],{"class":68},[50,85152,4120],{"class":72},[50,85154,69],{"class":68},[50,85156,788],{"class":64},[50,85158,85159,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85160,119],{"class":118},[50,85162,122],{"class":64},[50,85164,84479],{"class":118},[50,85166,122],{"class":64},[50,85168,4137],{"class":125},[50,85170,1770],{"class":64},[20,85172,2091],{},[41,85174,85176],{"className":43,"code":85175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Apple\n",[15,85177,85178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85179,85180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85181,85175],{"class":56},[20,85183,85184],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85186,85187,85188,129],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[380,85189,85190,5807],{"href":74340},[15,85191,74243],{},[219,85193,8444,85195,85197],{"id":85194},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85196,84054],{}," with a key function",[20,85199,228,85200,85202],{},[15,85201,411],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85204,11473],{},[233,85206,85207,85212,85217],{},[236,85208,85209,85211],{},[15,85210,411],{}," changes the comparison rule",[236,85213,85214,85216],{},[15,85215,84054],{}," still returns the original item",[236,85218,85219],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[811,85221,85223],{"id":85222},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[41,85225,85227],{"className":43,"code":85226,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85228,85229,85262],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85230,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85258,85260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85232,4093],{"class":56},[50,85234,61],{"class":60},[50,85236,3652],{"class":64},[50,85238,69],{"class":68},[50,85240,68145],{"class":72},[50,85242,69],{"class":68},[50,85244,89],{"class":64},[50,85246,81],{"class":68},[50,85248,36855],{"class":72},[50,85250,69],{"class":68},[50,85252,89],{"class":64},[50,85254,81],{"class":68},[50,85256,85257],{"class":72},"giraffe",[50,85259,69],{"class":68},[50,85261,788],{"class":64},[50,85263,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85265,119],{"class":118},[50,85267,122],{"class":64},[50,85269,84479],{"class":118},[50,85271,122],{"class":64},[50,85273,4137],{"class":125},[50,85275,89],{"class":64},[50,85277,21377],{"class":9202},[50,85279,61],{"class":60},[50,85281,11181],{"class":118},[50,85283,1770],{"class":64},[20,85285,2091],{},[41,85287,85289],{"className":43,"code":85288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cat\n",[15,85290,85291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85292,85293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85294,85288],{"class":56},[811,85296,85298],{"id":85297},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[41,85300,85302],{"className":43,"code":85301,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85303,85304,85314,85349,85381,85413,85417,85421,85460],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85305,85306,85309,85311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85307,85308],{"class":56},"students ",[50,85310,61],{"class":60},[50,85312,85313],{"class":64}," [\n",[50,85315,85316,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337,85340,85342,85344,85346],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85317,85318],{"class":64},"    {",[50,85320,69],{"class":68},[50,85322,73],{"class":72},[50,85324,69],{"class":68},[50,85326,78],{"class":64},[50,85328,81],{"class":68},[50,85330,84],{"class":72},[50,85332,69],{"class":68},[50,85334,89],{"class":64},[50,85336,81],{"class":68},[50,85338,85339],{"class":72},"score",[50,85341,69],{"class":68},[50,85343,78],{"class":64},[50,85345,13515],{"class":101},[50,85347,85348],{"class":64},"},\n",[50,85350,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,85352,85318],{"class":64},[50,85354,69],{"class":68},[50,85356,73],{"class":72},[50,85358,69],{"class":68},[50,85360,78],{"class":64},[50,85362,81],{"class":68},[50,85364,35747],{"class":72},[50,85366,69],{"class":68},[50,85368,89],{"class":64},[50,85370,81],{"class":68},[50,85372,85339],{"class":72},[50,85374,69],{"class":68},[50,85376,78],{"class":64},[50,85378,84940],{"class":101},[50,85380,85348],{"class":64},[50,85382,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,85384,85318],{"class":64},[50,85386,69],{"class":68},[50,85388,73],{"class":72},[50,85390,69],{"class":68},[50,85392,78],{"class":64},[50,85394,81],{"class":68},[50,85396,35756],{"class":72},[50,85398,69],{"class":68},[50,85400,89],{"class":64},[50,85402,81],{"class":68},[50,85404,85339],{"class":72},[50,85406,69],{"class":68},[50,85408,78],{"class":64},[50,85410,296],{"class":101},[50,85412,105],{"class":64},[50,85414,85415],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,85416,788],{"class":64},[50,85418,85419],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,85420,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,85422,85423,85426,85428,85431,85433,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,85424,85425],{"class":56},"lowest ",[50,85427,61],{"class":60},[50,85429,85430],{"class":118}," min",[50,85432,122],{"class":64},[50,85434,85435],{"class":125},"students",[50,85437,89],{"class":64},[50,85439,21377],{"class":9202},[50,85441,61],{"class":60},[50,85443,37468],{"class":2085},[50,85445,12915],{"class":37471},[50,85447,78],{"class":64},[50,85449,12915],{"class":125},[50,85451,779],{"class":64},[50,85453,69],{"class":68},[50,85455,85339],{"class":72},[50,85457,69],{"class":68},[50,85459,3911],{"class":64},[50,85461,85462,85464,85466,85469],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,85463,119],{"class":118},[50,85465,122],{"class":64},[50,85467,85468],{"class":125},"lowest",[50,85470,414],{"class":64},[20,85472,2091],{},[41,85474,85476],{"className":43,"code":85475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85477,85478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85479,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506,85508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85481,9304],{"class":64},[50,85483,1736],{"class":68},[50,85485,73],{"class":72},[50,85487,1736],{"class":68},[50,85489,78],{"class":64},[50,85491,3321],{"class":68},[50,85493,35747],{"class":72},[50,85495,1736],{"class":68},[50,85497,89],{"class":64},[50,85499,3321],{"class":68},[50,85501,85339],{"class":72},[50,85503,1736],{"class":68},[50,85505,78],{"class":64},[50,85507,84940],{"class":101},[50,85509,105],{"class":64},[20,85511,85512,85513,85516],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85514,85515],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[219,85518,8444,85520,85522],{"id":85519},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85521,82755],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85524,85525],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[41,85527,85529],{"className":43,"code":85528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85530,85531,85539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85532,85533,85535,85537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85534,3647],{"class":56},[50,85536,61],{"class":60},[50,85538,7865],{"class":64},[50,85540,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85542,119],{"class":118},[50,85544,122],{"class":64},[50,85546,84479],{"class":118},[50,85548,122],{"class":64},[50,85550,3678],{"class":125},[50,85552,1770],{"class":64},[20,85554,2091],{},[41,85556,85558],{"className":43,"code":85557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85559,85560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85561,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85563,40514],{"class":1779},[50,85565,78],{"class":64},[50,85567,85430],{"class":118},[50,85569,7391],{"class":64},[50,85571,83725],{"class":56},[50,85573,12207],{"class":60},[50,85575,83730],{"class":56},[20,85577,85578,85579,78],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85580,82755],{},[41,85582,85584],{"className":43,"code":85583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85585,85586,85594],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85587,85588,85590,85592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85589,3647],{"class":56},[50,85591,61],{"class":60},[50,85593,7865],{"class":64},[50,85595,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85597,119],{"class":118},[50,85599,122],{"class":64},[50,85601,84479],{"class":118},[50,85603,122],{"class":64},[50,85605,3678],{"class":125},[50,85607,89],{"class":64},[50,85609,26323],{"class":9202},[50,85611,61],{"class":60},[50,85613,38],{"class":1494},[50,85615,1770],{"class":64},[20,85617,2091],{},[41,85619,85620],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85621,85622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85623,85624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85625,11821],{"class":1494},[20,85627,85628],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85630,85631],{},"Remember:",[233,85633,85634,85642],{},[236,85635,85636,85638,85639,85641],{},[15,85637,82755],{}," works only when ",[15,85640,84054],{}," gets one iterable argument",[236,85643,85644,85645],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85646,85647],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85649,85650,85651,129],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[380,85652,65658],{"href":72697},[219,85654,10764],{"id":10763},[20,85656,56592,85657,129],{},[15,85658,84054],{},[811,85660,85662,85663],{"id":85661},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85664,82755],{},[20,85666,3026,85667,78],{},[15,85668,40514],{},[41,85670,85672],{"className":43,"code":85671,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85673,85674,85682],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85675,85676,85678,85680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85677,7805],{"class":56},[50,85679,61],{"class":60},[50,85681,7865],{"class":64},[50,85683,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85685,119],{"class":118},[50,85687,122],{"class":64},[50,85689,84479],{"class":118},[50,85691,122],{"class":64},[50,85693,7836],{"class":125},[50,85695,1770],{"class":64},[20,85697,85698],{},"Fix it by:",[233,85700,85701,85704],{},[236,85702,85703],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[236,85705,85706,85707],{},"or using ",[15,85708,82755],{},[41,85710,85712],{"className":43,"code":85711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85713,85714,85722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85715,85716,85718,85720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85717,7805],{"class":56},[50,85719,61],{"class":60},[50,85721,7865],{"class":64},[50,85723,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85745,85747],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85725,119],{"class":118},[50,85727,122],{"class":64},[50,85729,84479],{"class":118},[50,85731,122],{"class":64},[50,85733,7836],{"class":125},[50,85735,89],{"class":64},[50,85737,26323],{"class":9202},[50,85739,61],{"class":60},[50,85741,69],{"class":68},[50,85743,85744],{"class":72},"no items",[50,85746,69],{"class":68},[50,85748,1770],{"class":64},[811,85750,85752],{"id":85751},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85754,85755],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[41,85757,85759],{"className":43,"code":85758,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85760,85761,85785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85762,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85764,829],{"class":56},[50,85766,61],{"class":60},[50,85768,3652],{"class":64},[50,85770,2352],{"class":101},[50,85772,89],{"class":64},[50,85774,81],{"class":68},[50,85776,15755],{"class":72},[50,85778,69],{"class":68},[50,85780,89],{"class":64},[50,85782,4629],{"class":101},[50,85784,788],{"class":64},[50,85786,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85788,119],{"class":118},[50,85790,122],{"class":64},[50,85792,84479],{"class":118},[50,85794,122],{"class":64},[50,85796,776],{"class":125},[50,85798,1770],{"class":64},[20,85800,2091],{},[41,85802,85804],{"className":43,"code":85803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError\n",[15,85805,85806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85807,85808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85809,85803],{"class":1779},[20,85811,85812],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85814,85815,85816,129],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85817,84054],{},[41,85819,85821],{"className":43,"code":85820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85822,85823,85847,85873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85824,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85826,829],{"class":56},[50,85828,61],{"class":60},[50,85830,3652],{"class":64},[50,85832,2352],{"class":101},[50,85834,89],{"class":64},[50,85836,81],{"class":68},[50,85838,15755],{"class":72},[50,85840,69],{"class":68},[50,85842,89],{"class":64},[50,85844,4629],{"class":101},[50,85846,788],{"class":64},[50,85848,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85850,3647],{"class":56},[50,85852,61],{"class":60},[50,85854,3652],{"class":64},[50,85856,2209],{"class":1779},[50,85858,122],{"class":64},[50,85860,2194],{"class":125},[50,85862,1206],{"class":64},[50,85864,3900],{"class":1622},[50,85866,3903],{"class":56},[50,85868,1562],{"class":1622},[50,85870,1626],{"class":56},[50,85872,788],{"class":64},[50,85874,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,85876,119],{"class":118},[50,85878,122],{"class":64},[50,85880,84479],{"class":118},[50,85882,122],{"class":64},[50,85884,3678],{"class":125},[50,85886,1770],{"class":64},[20,85888,2091],{},[41,85890,85891],{"className":43,"code":2969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85892,85893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85894,85895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85896,2969],{"class":101},[20,85898,85899,85900,129],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85901,3029],{},[811,85903,85905],{"id":85904},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85907,85908],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[41,85910,85912],{"className":43,"code":85911,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85913,85914,85946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85915,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85917,4093],{"class":56},[50,85919,61],{"class":60},[50,85921,3652],{"class":64},[50,85923,69],{"class":68},[50,85925,79379],{"class":72},[50,85927,69],{"class":68},[50,85929,89],{"class":64},[50,85931,81],{"class":68},[50,85933,57585],{"class":72},[50,85935,69],{"class":68},[50,85937,89],{"class":64},[50,85939,81],{"class":68},[50,85941,79396],{"class":72},[50,85943,69],{"class":68},[50,85945,788],{"class":64},[50,85947,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85949,119],{"class":118},[50,85951,122],{"class":64},[50,85953,84479],{"class":118},[50,85955,122],{"class":64},[50,85957,4137],{"class":125},[50,85959,1770],{"class":64},[20,85961,2091],{},[41,85963,85964],{"className":43,"code":85175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85965,85966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85967,85968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85969,85175],{"class":56},[20,85971,85972],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[41,85974,85976],{"className":43,"code":85975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85977,85978,86010],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85979,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85981,4093],{"class":56},[50,85983,61],{"class":60},[50,85985,3652],{"class":64},[50,85987,69],{"class":68},[50,85989,79379],{"class":72},[50,85991,69],{"class":68},[50,85993,89],{"class":64},[50,85995,81],{"class":68},[50,85997,57585],{"class":72},[50,85999,69],{"class":68},[50,86001,89],{"class":64},[50,86003,81],{"class":68},[50,86005,79396],{"class":72},[50,86007,69],{"class":68},[50,86009,788],{"class":64},[50,86011,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86013,119],{"class":118},[50,86015,122],{"class":64},[50,86017,84479],{"class":118},[50,86019,122],{"class":64},[50,86021,4137],{"class":125},[50,86023,89],{"class":64},[50,86025,21377],{"class":9202},[50,86027,61],{"class":60},[50,86029,3470],{"class":1779},[50,86031,129],{"class":64},[50,86033,8668],{"class":24549},[50,86035,1770],{"class":64},[20,86037,2091],{},[41,86039,86040],{"className":43,"code":85175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86041,86042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86043,86044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86045,85175],{"class":56},[20,86047,86048],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[219,86050,582,86052],{"id":86051},"when-to-use-min",[15,86053,84054],{},[20,86055,212,86056,589],{},[15,86057,84054],{},[233,86059,86060,86063,86068],{},[236,86061,86062],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[236,86064,86065,86066],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86067,411],{},[236,86069,86070],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86072,212,86073,86077],{},[380,86074,86075],{"href":74340},[15,86076,74243],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86079,212,86080,86085],{},[380,86081,86083],{"href":86082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86084,82400],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[219,86087,1663],{"id":1662},[20,86089,84059],{},[233,86091,86092,86100,86103,86108,86115],{},[236,86093,86094,86095,86097,86098],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86096,84054],{}," without using ",[15,86099,82755],{},[236,86101,86102],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[236,86104,8480,86105,86107],{},[15,86106,84054],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[236,86109,1678,86110,86112,86113,85216],{},[15,86111,411],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86114,84054],{},[236,86116,8444,86117,86119],{},[15,86118,82755],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86121,86122,86123,86125],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86124,84054],{},", these quick checks can help:",[41,86127,86129],{"className":43,"code":86128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86130,86131,86145,86155,86169,86183,86205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86132,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86134,119],{"class":118},[50,86136,122],{"class":64},[50,86138,1780],{"class":1779},[50,86140,122],{"class":64},[50,86142,776],{"class":125},[50,86144,1770],{"class":64},[50,86146,86147,86149,86151,86153],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86148,119],{"class":118},[50,86150,122],{"class":64},[50,86152,776],{"class":125},[50,86154,414],{"class":64},[50,86156,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86167],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86158,119],{"class":118},[50,86160,122],{"class":64},[50,86162,11181],{"class":118},[50,86164,122],{"class":64},[50,86166,776],{"class":125},[50,86168,1770],{"class":64},[50,86170,86171,86173,86175,86177,86179,86181],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,86172,119],{"class":118},[50,86174,122],{"class":64},[50,86176,84479],{"class":118},[50,86178,122],{"class":64},[50,86180,776],{"class":125},[50,86182,1770],{"class":64},[50,86184,86185,86187,86189,86191,86193,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,86186,119],{"class":118},[50,86188,122],{"class":64},[50,86190,84479],{"class":118},[50,86192,122],{"class":64},[50,86194,776],{"class":125},[50,86196,89],{"class":64},[50,86198,26323],{"class":9202},[50,86200,61],{"class":60},[50,86202,38],{"class":1494},[50,86204,1770],{"class":64},[50,86206,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,86208,119],{"class":118},[50,86210,122],{"class":64},[50,86212,84479],{"class":118},[50,86214,122],{"class":64},[50,86216,4137],{"class":125},[50,86218,89],{"class":64},[50,86220,21377],{"class":9202},[50,86222,61],{"class":60},[50,86224,11181],{"class":118},[50,86226,1770],{"class":64},[20,86228,86229,86230,86233,86234,86236],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86231,86232],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86235,776],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[219,86238,1857],{"id":1856},[811,86240,5164,86242,5167],{"id":86241},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86243,84054],{},[20,86245,86246],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[811,86248,5192,86250,84235],{"id":86249},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86251,84054],{},[20,86253,86254],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[811,86256,71465],{"id":71464},[20,86258,86259,52310,86261,84247,86263,36429],{},[15,86260,84054],{},[15,86262,40514],{},[15,86264,82755],{},[811,86266,5164,86268,86270,86271,1867],{"id":86267},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86269,411],{}," do in ",[15,86272,84054],{},[20,86274,86275,86277,86278,86280],{},[15,86276,411],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86279,83308],{}," compares strings by length.",[811,86282,5202,86284,1846,86286,1867],{"id":86283},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86285,84054],{},[15,86287,74243],{},[20,86289,86290,86292,86293,86295],{},[15,86291,84054],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86294,74243],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[219,86297,1909],{"id":1908},[233,86299,86300,86306,86312,86318,86322,86326],{},[236,86301,86302],{},[380,86303,86304,3536],{"href":86082},[15,86305,82400],{},[236,86307,86308],{},[380,86309,86310,3536],{"href":74340},[15,86311,74243],{},[236,86313,86314],{},[380,86315,86316,3536],{"href":42169},[15,86317,42172],{},[236,86319,86320],{},[380,86321,79692],{"href":78195},[236,86323,86324],{},[380,86325,58773],{"href":58772},[236,86327,86328],{},[380,86329,65658],{"href":72697},[1944,86331,86332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":86334},[86335,86336,86338,86344,86346,86348,86353,86355,86361,86363,86364,86375],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":84538,"depth":108,"text":86337},"What min() does",{"id":84559,"depth":108,"text":84560,"children":86339},[86340,86341,86342,86343],{"id":84644,"depth":115,"text":84647},{"id":84706,"depth":115,"text":84709},{"id":84756,"depth":115,"text":84759},{"id":84850,"depth":115,"text":84853},{"id":84912,"depth":108,"text":86345},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85047,"depth":108,"text":86347},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85194,"depth":108,"text":86349,"children":86350},"Using min() with a key function",[86351,86352],{"id":85222,"depth":115,"text":85223},{"id":85297,"depth":115,"text":85298},{"id":85519,"depth":108,"text":86354},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10763,"depth":108,"text":10764,"children":86356},[86357,86359,86360],{"id":85661,"depth":115,"text":86358},"Empty list without default",{"id":85751,"depth":115,"text":85752},{"id":85904,"depth":115,"text":85905},{"id":86051,"depth":108,"text":86362},"When to use min()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":86365},[86366,86368,86370,86371,86373],{"id":86241,"depth":115,"text":86367},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86249,"depth":115,"text":86369},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71464,"depth":115,"text":71465},{"id":86267,"depth":115,"text":86372},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86283,"depth":115,"text":86374},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84421,"description":86376},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86383,"title":86384,"body":86385,"description":88564,"extension":1981,"meta":88565,"navigation":111,"path":88566,"seo":88567,"stem":88568,"__hash__":88569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86386,"toc":88528},[86387,86390,86396,86402,86404,86485,86494,86498,86503,86505,86550,86552,86632,86638,86640,86643,86675,86677,86695,86697,86770,86772,86791,86795,86798,86834,86836,86903,86977,87050,87055,87059,87065,87068,87085,87088,87090,87151,87153,87173,87179,87183,87186,87256,87259,87278,87283,87359,87362,87366,87372,87376,87381,87451,87455,87460,87534,87538,87541,87616,87627,87631,87636,87726,87731,87799,87802,87821,87832,87836,87839,87844,87847,87909,87912,87923,87928,87931,87934,87939,87942,87945,87949,87952,87958,87961,87972,87974,88036,88051,88057,88060,88063,88074,88085,88091,88094,88096,88158,88168,88174,88179,88185,88189,88195,88198,88219,88221,88226,88253,88256,88283,88286,88325,88328,88366,88369,88430,88433,88435,88439,88442,88446,88452,88460,88468,88472,88475,88479,88485,88487,88525],[10,86388,86384],{"id":86389},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86391,86392,86395],{},[15,86393,86394],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86397,86398,86399,86401],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86400,86394],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[219,86403,2022],{"id":2021},[41,86405,86407],{"className":43,"code":86406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86408,86409,86458,86474],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86410,86411,86414,86417,86419,86421,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432,86434,86436,86439,86441,86443,86446,86448,86450,86452,86456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86412,86413],{"class":1622},"with",[50,86415,86416],{"class":118}," open",[50,86418,122],{"class":64},[50,86420,69],{"class":68},[50,86422,86423],{"class":72},"example.txt",[50,86425,69],{"class":68},[50,86427,89],{"class":64},[50,86429,81],{"class":68},[50,86431,60323],{"class":72},[50,86433,69],{"class":68},[50,86435,89],{"class":64},[50,86437,86438],{"class":9202}," encoding",[50,86440,61],{"class":60},[50,86442,69],{"class":68},[50,86444,86445],{"class":72},"utf-8",[50,86447,69],{"class":68},[50,86449,1206],{"class":64},[50,86451,47171],{"class":1622},[50,86453,86455],{"class":86454},"sMMDD"," file",[50,86457,6417],{"class":64},[50,86459,86460,86463,86465,86467,86469,86472],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86461,86462],{"class":56},"    content ",[50,86464,61],{"class":60},[50,86466,86455],{"class":86454},[50,86468,129],{"class":64},[50,86470,86471],{"class":125},"read",[50,86473,8671],{"class":64},[50,86475,86476,86478,86480,86483],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86477,8094],{"class":118},[50,86479,122],{"class":64},[50,86481,86482],{"class":125},"content",[50,86484,414],{"class":64},[20,86486,212,86487,86489,86490,86493],{},[15,86488,86413],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86491,86492],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[219,86495,86497],{"id":86496},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86499,86500,86502],{},[15,86501,86394],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86504,11473],{},[233,86506,86507,86510,86515,86520],{},[236,86508,86509],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[236,86511,40716,86512,86514],{},[997,86513,1262],{}," read or write anything by itself",[236,86516,17414,86517],{},[997,86518,86519],{},"file object",[236,86521,86522,86523],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[233,86524,86525,86530,86535,86540,86545],{},[236,86526,86527],{},[15,86528,86529],{},"read()",[236,86531,86532],{},[15,86533,86534],{},"readline()",[236,86536,86537],{},[15,86538,86539],{},"readlines()",[236,86541,86542],{},[15,86543,86544],{},"write()",[236,86546,86547],{},[15,86548,86549],{},"close()",[20,86551,253],{},[41,86553,86555],{"className":43,"code":86554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86556,86557,86596,86611,86621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86558,86559,86562,86564,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86560,86561],{"class":86454},"file",[50,86563,13284],{"class":60},[50,86565,86416],{"class":118},[50,86567,122],{"class":64},[50,86569,69],{"class":68},[50,86571,86423],{"class":72},[50,86573,69],{"class":68},[50,86575,89],{"class":64},[50,86577,81],{"class":68},[50,86579,60323],{"class":72},[50,86581,69],{"class":68},[50,86583,89],{"class":64},[50,86585,86438],{"class":9202},[50,86587,61],{"class":60},[50,86589,69],{"class":68},[50,86591,86445],{"class":72},[50,86593,69],{"class":68},[50,86595,414],{"class":64},[50,86597,86598,86601,86603,86605,86607,86609],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86599,86600],{"class":56},"content ",[50,86602,61],{"class":60},[50,86604,86455],{"class":86454},[50,86606,129],{"class":64},[50,86608,86471],{"class":125},[50,86610,8671],{"class":64},[50,86612,86613,86615,86617,86619],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86614,119],{"class":118},[50,86616,122],{"class":64},[50,86618,86482],{"class":125},[50,86620,414],{"class":64},[50,86622,86623,86625,86627,86630],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,86624,86561],{"class":86454},[50,86626,129],{"class":64},[50,86628,86629],{"class":125},"close",[50,86631,8671],{"class":64},[20,86633,86634,86635,86637],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86636,86413],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[219,86639,387],{"id":386},[20,86641,86642],{},"A common form is:",[41,86644,86646],{"className":43,"code":86645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86647,86648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86649,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86651,42238],{"class":118},[50,86653,122],{"class":64},[50,86655,86561],{"class":86454},[50,86657,89],{"class":64},[50,86659,86660],{"class":125}," mode",[50,86662,89],{"class":64},[50,86664,86438],{"class":9202},[50,86666,61],{"class":60},[50,86668,69],{"class":68},[50,86670,86445],{"class":72},[50,86672,69],{"class":68},[50,86674,414],{"class":64},[20,86676,64864],{},[233,86678,86679,86684,86689],{},[236,86680,86681,86683],{},[15,86682,86561],{}," is the file name or file path",[236,86685,86686,86688],{},[15,86687,1364],{}," controls how the file is opened",[236,86690,86691,86694],{},[15,86692,86693],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86696,253],{},[41,86698,86700],{"className":43,"code":86699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86701,86702,86745,86760],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86703,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86705,86413],{"class":1622},[50,86707,86416],{"class":118},[50,86709,122],{"class":64},[50,86711,69],{"class":68},[50,86713,86714],{"class":72},"notes.txt",[50,86716,69],{"class":68},[50,86718,89],{"class":64},[50,86720,81],{"class":68},[50,86722,60323],{"class":72},[50,86724,69],{"class":68},[50,86726,89],{"class":64},[50,86728,86438],{"class":9202},[50,86730,61],{"class":60},[50,86732,69],{"class":68},[50,86734,86445],{"class":72},[50,86736,69],{"class":68},[50,86738,1206],{"class":64},[50,86740,47171],{"class":1622},[50,86742,86455],{"class":86454},[50,86744,6417],{"class":64},[50,86746,86747,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86748,86749],{"class":56},"    text ",[50,86751,61],{"class":60},[50,86753,86455],{"class":86454},[50,86755,129],{"class":64},[50,86757,86471],{"class":125},[50,86759,8671],{"class":64},[50,86761,86762,86764,86766,86768],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86763,8094],{"class":118},[50,86765,122],{"class":64},[50,86767,34513],{"class":125},[50,86769,414],{"class":64},[20,86771,357],{},[233,86773,86774,86780,86785],{},[236,86775,86776,86779],{},[15,86777,86778],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[236,86781,86782,86784],{},[15,86783,86492],{}," means open for reading",[236,86786,86787,86790],{},[15,86788,86789],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[219,86792,86794],{"id":86793},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86796,86797],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[233,86799,86800,86805,86811,86816,86822,86828],{},[236,86801,86802,86804],{},[15,86803,86492],{}," = read a text file",[236,86806,86807,86810],{},[15,86808,86809],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[236,86812,86813,86815],{},[15,86814,18089],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[236,86817,86818,86821],{},[15,86819,86820],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[236,86823,86824,86827],{},[15,86825,86826],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[236,86829,86830,86833],{},[15,86831,86832],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86835,2146],{},[41,86837,86839],{"className":43,"code":86838,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86840,86841,86846,86889],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86842,86843],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86844,86845],{"class":146},"# Read a text file\n",[50,86847,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86849,86413],{"class":1622},[50,86851,86416],{"class":118},[50,86853,122],{"class":64},[50,86855,69],{"class":68},[50,86857,86858],{"class":72},"data.txt",[50,86860,69],{"class":68},[50,86862,89],{"class":64},[50,86864,81],{"class":68},[50,86866,60323],{"class":72},[50,86868,69],{"class":68},[50,86870,89],{"class":64},[50,86872,86438],{"class":9202},[50,86874,61],{"class":60},[50,86876,69],{"class":68},[50,86878,86445],{"class":72},[50,86880,69],{"class":68},[50,86882,1206],{"class":64},[50,86884,47171],{"class":1622},[50,86886,86455],{"class":86454},[50,86888,6417],{"class":64},[50,86890,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86892,8094],{"class":118},[50,86894,122],{"class":64},[50,86896,86561],{"class":86454},[50,86898,129],{"class":64},[50,86900,86471],{"class":125},[50,86902,1727],{"class":64},[41,86904,86906],{"className":43,"code":86905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86907,86908,86913,86955],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86909,86910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86911,86912],{"class":146},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[50,86914,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86916,86413],{"class":1622},[50,86918,86416],{"class":118},[50,86920,122],{"class":64},[50,86922,69],{"class":68},[50,86924,86858],{"class":72},[50,86926,69],{"class":68},[50,86928,89],{"class":64},[50,86930,81],{"class":68},[50,86932,60306],{"class":72},[50,86934,69],{"class":68},[50,86936,89],{"class":64},[50,86938,86438],{"class":9202},[50,86940,61],{"class":60},[50,86942,69],{"class":68},[50,86944,86445],{"class":72},[50,86946,69],{"class":68},[50,86948,1206],{"class":64},[50,86950,47171],{"class":1622},[50,86952,86455],{"class":86454},[50,86954,6417],{"class":64},[50,86956,86957,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86973,86975],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86958,86959],{"class":86454},"    file",[50,86961,129],{"class":64},[50,86963,70014],{"class":125},[50,86965,122],{"class":64},[50,86967,69],{"class":68},[50,86969,34672],{"class":72},[50,86971,86972],{"class":34257},"\\n",[50,86974,69],{"class":68},[50,86976,414],{"class":64},[41,86978,86980],{"className":43,"code":86979,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86981,86982,86987,87029],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86983,86984],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86985,86986],{"class":146},"# Append to a text file\n",[50,86988,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86990,86413],{"class":1622},[50,86992,86416],{"class":118},[50,86994,122],{"class":64},[50,86996,69],{"class":68},[50,86998,86858],{"class":72},[50,87000,69],{"class":68},[50,87002,89],{"class":64},[50,87004,81],{"class":68},[50,87006,380],{"class":72},[50,87008,69],{"class":68},[50,87010,89],{"class":64},[50,87012,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87014,61],{"class":60},[50,87016,69],{"class":68},[50,87018,86445],{"class":72},[50,87020,69],{"class":68},[50,87022,1206],{"class":64},[50,87024,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87026,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87028,6417],{"class":64},[50,87030,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87044,87046,87048],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87032,86959],{"class":86454},[50,87034,129],{"class":64},[50,87036,70014],{"class":125},[50,87038,122],{"class":64},[50,87040,69],{"class":68},[50,87042,87043],{"class":72},"Another line",[50,87045,86972],{"class":34257},[50,87047,69],{"class":68},[50,87049,414],{"class":64},[20,87051,69166,87052,87054],{},[15,87053,86809],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[219,87056,87058],{"id":87057},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87060,87061,21773,87063,129],{},[15,87062,86394],{},[997,87064,86519],{},[20,87066,87067],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[233,87069,87070,87075,87080],{},[236,87071,87072],{},[15,87073,87074],{},"file.read()",[236,87076,87077],{},[15,87078,87079],{},"file.write()",[236,87081,87082],{},[15,87083,87084],{},"file.close()",[20,87086,87087],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87089,253],{},[41,87091,87093],{"className":43,"code":87092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87094,87095,87137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87096,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87098,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87100,86416],{"class":118},[50,87102,122],{"class":64},[50,87104,69],{"class":68},[50,87106,86423],{"class":72},[50,87108,69],{"class":68},[50,87110,89],{"class":64},[50,87112,81],{"class":68},[50,87114,60323],{"class":72},[50,87116,69],{"class":68},[50,87118,89],{"class":64},[50,87120,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87122,61],{"class":60},[50,87124,69],{"class":68},[50,87126,86445],{"class":72},[50,87128,69],{"class":68},[50,87130,1206],{"class":64},[50,87132,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87134,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87136,6417],{"class":64},[50,87138,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87140,8094],{"class":118},[50,87142,122],{"class":64},[50,87144,1780],{"class":1779},[50,87146,122],{"class":64},[50,87148,86561],{"class":86454},[50,87150,1770],{"class":64},[20,87152,29831],{},[41,87154,87156],{"className":43,"code":87155,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87157,87158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87159,87160,87162,87164,87166,87169,87171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87161,3315],{"class":60},[50,87163,3318],{"class":2085},[50,87165,3321],{"class":68},[50,87167,87168],{"class":72},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[50,87170,1736],{"class":68},[50,87172,3328],{"class":60},[20,87174,87175,87176,87178],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87177,86394],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[219,87180,87182],{"id":87181},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87184,87185],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[41,87187,87188],{"className":43,"code":86406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,87189,87190,87232,87246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87191,87192,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87193,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87195,86416],{"class":118},[50,87197,122],{"class":64},[50,87199,69],{"class":68},[50,87201,86423],{"class":72},[50,87203,69],{"class":68},[50,87205,89],{"class":64},[50,87207,81],{"class":68},[50,87209,60323],{"class":72},[50,87211,69],{"class":68},[50,87213,89],{"class":64},[50,87215,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87217,61],{"class":60},[50,87219,69],{"class":68},[50,87221,86445],{"class":72},[50,87223,69],{"class":68},[50,87225,1206],{"class":64},[50,87227,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87229,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87231,6417],{"class":64},[50,87233,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87235,86462],{"class":56},[50,87237,61],{"class":60},[50,87239,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87241,129],{"class":64},[50,87243,86471],{"class":125},[50,87245,8671],{"class":64},[50,87247,87248,87250,87252,87254],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87249,8094],{"class":118},[50,87251,122],{"class":64},[50,87253,86482],{"class":125},[50,87255,414],{"class":64},[20,87257,87258],{},"Why this is recommended:",[233,87260,87261,87266,87272,87275],{},[236,87262,87263,87265],{},[15,87264,86413],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[236,87267,87268,87269,87271],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87270,86549],{}," yourself",[236,87273,87274],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[236,87276,87277],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87279,83571,87280,87282],{},[15,87281,86413],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[41,87284,87285],{"className":43,"code":86554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,87286,87287,87325,87339,87349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87288,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87290,86561],{"class":86454},[50,87292,13284],{"class":60},[50,87294,86416],{"class":118},[50,87296,122],{"class":64},[50,87298,69],{"class":68},[50,87300,86423],{"class":72},[50,87302,69],{"class":68},[50,87304,89],{"class":64},[50,87306,81],{"class":68},[50,87308,60323],{"class":72},[50,87310,69],{"class":68},[50,87312,89],{"class":64},[50,87314,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87316,61],{"class":60},[50,87318,69],{"class":68},[50,87320,86445],{"class":72},[50,87322,69],{"class":68},[50,87324,414],{"class":64},[50,87326,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87328,86600],{"class":56},[50,87330,61],{"class":60},[50,87332,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87334,129],{"class":64},[50,87336,86471],{"class":125},[50,87338,8671],{"class":64},[50,87340,87341,87343,87345,87347],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87342,119],{"class":118},[50,87344,122],{"class":64},[50,87346,86482],{"class":125},[50,87348,414],{"class":64},[50,87350,87351,87353,87355,87357],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,87352,86561],{"class":86454},[50,87354,129],{"class":64},[50,87356,86629],{"class":125},[50,87358,8671],{"class":64},[20,87360,87361],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[219,87363,87365],{"id":87364},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87367,87368,87369,87371],{},"Use mode ",[15,87370,86492],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[811,87373,87375],{"id":87374},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87377,87378,87380],{},[15,87379,86529],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[41,87382,87383],{"className":43,"code":86406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,87384,87385,87427,87441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87386,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87388,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87390,86416],{"class":118},[50,87392,122],{"class":64},[50,87394,69],{"class":68},[50,87396,86423],{"class":72},[50,87398,69],{"class":68},[50,87400,89],{"class":64},[50,87402,81],{"class":68},[50,87404,60323],{"class":72},[50,87406,69],{"class":68},[50,87408,89],{"class":64},[50,87410,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87412,61],{"class":60},[50,87414,69],{"class":68},[50,87416,86445],{"class":72},[50,87418,69],{"class":68},[50,87420,1206],{"class":64},[50,87422,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87424,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87426,6417],{"class":64},[50,87428,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87430,86462],{"class":56},[50,87432,61],{"class":60},[50,87434,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87436,129],{"class":64},[50,87438,86471],{"class":125},[50,87440,8671],{"class":64},[50,87442,87443,87445,87447,87449],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87444,8094],{"class":118},[50,87446,122],{"class":64},[50,87448,86482],{"class":125},[50,87450,414],{"class":64},[811,87452,87454],{"id":87453},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87456,87457,87459],{},[15,87458,86534],{}," reads one line at a time.",[41,87461,87463],{"className":43,"code":87462,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87464,87465,87507,87523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87466,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87468,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87470,86416],{"class":118},[50,87472,122],{"class":64},[50,87474,69],{"class":68},[50,87476,86423],{"class":72},[50,87478,69],{"class":68},[50,87480,89],{"class":64},[50,87482,81],{"class":68},[50,87484,60323],{"class":72},[50,87486,69],{"class":68},[50,87488,89],{"class":64},[50,87490,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87492,61],{"class":60},[50,87494,69],{"class":68},[50,87496,86445],{"class":72},[50,87498,69],{"class":68},[50,87500,1206],{"class":64},[50,87502,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87504,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87506,6417],{"class":64},[50,87508,87509,87512,87514,87516,87518,87521],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87510,87511],{"class":56},"    first_line ",[50,87513,61],{"class":60},[50,87515,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87517,129],{"class":64},[50,87519,87520],{"class":125},"readline",[50,87522,8671],{"class":64},[50,87524,87525,87527,87529,87532],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87526,8094],{"class":118},[50,87528,122],{"class":64},[50,87530,87531],{"class":125},"first_line",[50,87533,414],{"class":64},[811,87535,87537],{"id":87536},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87539,87540],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[41,87542,87544],{"className":43,"code":87543,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87545,87546,87588,87602],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87547,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87549,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87551,86416],{"class":118},[50,87553,122],{"class":64},[50,87555,69],{"class":68},[50,87557,86423],{"class":72},[50,87559,69],{"class":68},[50,87561,89],{"class":64},[50,87563,81],{"class":68},[50,87565,60323],{"class":72},[50,87567,69],{"class":68},[50,87569,89],{"class":64},[50,87571,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87573,61],{"class":60},[50,87575,69],{"class":68},[50,87577,86445],{"class":72},[50,87579,69],{"class":68},[50,87581,1206],{"class":64},[50,87583,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87585,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87587,6417],{"class":64},[50,87589,87590,87593,87596,87598,87600],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87591,87592],{"class":1622},"    for",[50,87594,87595],{"class":56}," line ",[50,87597,1562],{"class":1622},[50,87599,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87601,6417],{"class":64},[50,87603,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87605,47151],{"class":118},[50,87607,122],{"class":64},[50,87609,52],{"class":125},[50,87611,129],{"class":64},[50,87613,8662],{"class":125},[50,87615,1727],{"class":64},[20,87617,87618,87619,2901,87623,129],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[380,87620,87622],{"href":87621},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[380,87624,87626],{"href":87625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[219,87628,87630],{"id":87629},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87632,212,87633,87635],{},[15,87634,86809],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[41,87637,87639],{"className":43,"code":87638,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87640,87641,87684,87705],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87642,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87644,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87646,86416],{"class":118},[50,87648,122],{"class":64},[50,87650,69],{"class":68},[50,87652,87653],{"class":72},"output.txt",[50,87655,69],{"class":68},[50,87657,89],{"class":64},[50,87659,81],{"class":68},[50,87661,60306],{"class":72},[50,87663,69],{"class":68},[50,87665,89],{"class":64},[50,87667,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87669,61],{"class":60},[50,87671,69],{"class":68},[50,87673,86445],{"class":72},[50,87675,69],{"class":68},[50,87677,1206],{"class":64},[50,87679,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87681,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87683,6417],{"class":64},[50,87685,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87699,87701,87703],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87687,86959],{"class":86454},[50,87689,129],{"class":64},[50,87691,70014],{"class":125},[50,87693,122],{"class":64},[50,87695,69],{"class":68},[50,87697,87698],{"class":72},"First line",[50,87700,86972],{"class":34257},[50,87702,69],{"class":68},[50,87704,414],{"class":64},[50,87706,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87720,87722,87724],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87708,86959],{"class":86454},[50,87710,129],{"class":64},[50,87712,70014],{"class":125},[50,87714,122],{"class":64},[50,87716,69],{"class":68},[50,87718,87719],{"class":72},"Second line",[50,87721,86972],{"class":34257},[50,87723,69],{"class":68},[50,87725,414],{"class":64},[20,87727,212,87728,87730],{},[15,87729,18089],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[41,87732,87734],{"className":43,"code":87733,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87735,87736,87778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87737,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87739,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87741,86416],{"class":118},[50,87743,122],{"class":64},[50,87745,69],{"class":68},[50,87747,87653],{"class":72},[50,87749,69],{"class":68},[50,87751,89],{"class":64},[50,87753,81],{"class":68},[50,87755,380],{"class":72},[50,87757,69],{"class":68},[50,87759,89],{"class":64},[50,87761,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87763,61],{"class":60},[50,87765,69],{"class":68},[50,87767,86445],{"class":72},[50,87769,69],{"class":68},[50,87771,1206],{"class":64},[50,87773,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87775,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87777,6417],{"class":64},[50,87779,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87793,87795,87797],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87781,86959],{"class":86454},[50,87783,129],{"class":64},[50,87785,70014],{"class":125},[50,87787,122],{"class":64},[50,87789,69],{"class":68},[50,87791,87792],{"class":72},"Third line",[50,87794,86972],{"class":34257},[50,87796,69],{"class":68},[50,87798,414],{"class":64},[20,87800,87801],{},"Important detail:",[233,87803,87804,87809,87816],{},[236,87805,87806,87808],{},[15,87807,86544],{}," writes a string",[236,87810,87811,14059,87813,87815],{},[15,87812,86544],{},[997,87814,1262],{}," add a newline for you",[236,87817,87818,87819,87271],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87820,86972],{},[20,87822,87823,87824,2901,87828,129],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[380,87825,87827],{"href":87826},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[380,87829,87831],{"href":87830},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[219,87833,87835],{"id":87834},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87837,87838],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[811,87840,87842],{"id":87841},"encodingutf-8",[15,87843,86789],{},[20,87845,87846],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[41,87848,87850],{"className":43,"code":87849,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87851,87852,87895],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87853,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87855,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87857,86416],{"class":118},[50,87859,122],{"class":64},[50,87861,69],{"class":68},[50,87863,87864],{"class":72},"message.txt",[50,87866,69],{"class":68},[50,87868,89],{"class":64},[50,87870,81],{"class":68},[50,87872,60323],{"class":72},[50,87874,69],{"class":68},[50,87876,89],{"class":64},[50,87878,86438],{"class":9202},[50,87880,61],{"class":60},[50,87882,69],{"class":68},[50,87884,86445],{"class":72},[50,87886,69],{"class":68},[50,87888,1206],{"class":64},[50,87890,47171],{"class":1622},[50,87892,86455],{"class":86454},[50,87894,6417],{"class":64},[50,87896,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87898,8094],{"class":118},[50,87900,122],{"class":64},[50,87902,86561],{"class":86454},[50,87904,129],{"class":64},[50,87906,86471],{"class":125},[50,87908,1727],{"class":64},[20,87910,87911],{},"Why it matters:",[233,87913,87914,87917,87920],{},[236,87915,87916],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[236,87918,87919],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[236,87921,87922],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[811,87924,87926],{"id":87925},"newline",[15,87927,87925],{},[20,87929,87930],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87932,87933],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[811,87935,87937],{"id":87936},"buffering",[15,87938,87936],{},[20,87940,87941],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87943,87944],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[219,87946,87948],{"id":87947},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87950,87951],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[811,87953,87955],{"id":87954},"filenotfounderror",[15,87956,87957],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87959,87960],{},"This happens when:",[233,87962,87963,87966,87969],{},[236,87964,87965],{},"the file does not exist",[236,87967,87968],{},"the path is wrong",[236,87970,87971],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87973,253],{},[41,87975,87977],{"className":43,"code":87976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87978,87979,88022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87980,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87992,87994,87996,87998,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87982,86413],{"class":1622},[50,87984,86416],{"class":118},[50,87986,122],{"class":64},[50,87988,69],{"class":68},[50,87990,87991],{"class":72},"missing.txt",[50,87993,69],{"class":68},[50,87995,89],{"class":64},[50,87997,81],{"class":68},[50,87999,60323],{"class":72},[50,88001,69],{"class":68},[50,88003,89],{"class":64},[50,88005,86438],{"class":9202},[50,88007,61],{"class":60},[50,88009,69],{"class":68},[50,88011,86445],{"class":72},[50,88013,69],{"class":68},[50,88015,1206],{"class":64},[50,88017,47171],{"class":1622},[50,88019,86455],{"class":86454},[50,88021,6417],{"class":64},[50,88023,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88025,8094],{"class":118},[50,88027,122],{"class":64},[50,88029,86561],{"class":86454},[50,88031,129],{"class":64},[50,88033,86471],{"class":125},[50,88035,1727],{"class":64},[20,88037,88038,88039,1846,88047,129],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[380,88040,88042,88043,88046],{"href":88041},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[50,88044,88045],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[380,88048,88050],{"href":88049},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[811,88052,88054],{"id":88053},"permissionerror",[15,88055,88056],{},"PermissionError",[20,88058,88059],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88061,88062],{},"Example causes:",[233,88064,88065,88068,88071],{},[236,88066,88067],{},"the file is protected",[236,88069,88070],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[236,88072,88073],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88075,88076,88077],{},"Related page: ",[380,88078,88080,88081,88084],{"href":88079},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[50,88082,88083],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[811,88086,88088],{"id":88087},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88089,88090],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88092,88093],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88095,253],{},[41,88097,88099],{"className":43,"code":88098,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88100,88101,88144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88102,88103,88105,88107,88109,88111,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88104,86413],{"class":1622},[50,88106,86416],{"class":118},[50,88108,122],{"class":64},[50,88110,69],{"class":68},[50,88112,88113],{"class":72},"my_folder",[50,88115,69],{"class":68},[50,88117,89],{"class":64},[50,88119,81],{"class":68},[50,88121,60323],{"class":72},[50,88123,69],{"class":68},[50,88125,89],{"class":64},[50,88127,86438],{"class":9202},[50,88129,61],{"class":60},[50,88131,69],{"class":68},[50,88133,86445],{"class":72},[50,88135,69],{"class":68},[50,88137,1206],{"class":64},[50,88139,47171],{"class":1622},[50,88141,86455],{"class":86454},[50,88143,6417],{"class":64},[50,88145,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154,88156],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88147,8094],{"class":118},[50,88149,122],{"class":64},[50,88151,86561],{"class":86454},[50,88153,129],{"class":64},[50,88155,86471],{"class":125},[50,88157,1727],{"class":64},[20,88159,88076,88160],{},[380,88161,88163,88164,88167],{"href":88162},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[50,88165,88166],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[811,88169,88171],{"id":88170},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88172,88173],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88175,88176,88177,129],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88178,86394],{},[20,88180,88076,88181],{},[380,88182,88184],{"href":88183},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[219,88186,88188],{"id":88187},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88190,88191,88192,88194],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88193,86394],{}," function.",[20,88196,88197],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[233,88199,88200,88203,88206,88212],{},[236,88201,88202],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[236,88204,88205],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[236,88207,88208,88209,88211],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88210,86394],{}," itself",[236,88213,88214,88215],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[380,88216,88218],{"href":88217},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[219,88220,1663],{"id":1662},[20,88222,88223,88224,78],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88225,86394],{},[233,88227,88228,88233,88239,88244,88247,88250],{},[236,88229,8444,88230,88232],{},[15,88231,86492],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[236,88234,88235,88236,88238],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88237,86693],{}," for text files",[236,88240,8444,88241,88243],{},[15,88242,86809],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[236,88245,88246],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[236,88248,88249],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[236,88251,88252],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88254,88255],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[41,88257,88259],{"className":43,"code":88258,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88260,88261,88268],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88262,88263,88265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88264,34896],{"class":1622},[50,88266,88267],{"class":56}," os\n",[50,88269,88270,88272,88274,88276,88278,88281],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88271,119],{"class":118},[50,88273,122],{"class":64},[50,88275,42437],{"class":125},[50,88277,129],{"class":64},[50,88279,88280],{"class":125},"getcwd",[50,88282,1727],{"class":64},[20,88284,88285],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[41,88287,88289],{"className":43,"code":88288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88290,88291,88297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88292,88293,88295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88294,34896],{"class":1622},[50,88296,88267],{"class":56},[50,88298,88299,88301,88303,88305,88307,88310,88312,88315,88317,88319,88321,88323],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88300,119],{"class":118},[50,88302,122],{"class":64},[50,88304,42437],{"class":125},[50,88306,129],{"class":64},[50,88308,88309],{"class":24549},"path",[50,88311,129],{"class":64},[50,88313,88314],{"class":125},"exists",[50,88316,122],{"class":64},[50,88318,69],{"class":68},[50,88320,86423],{"class":72},[50,88322,69],{"class":68},[50,88324,1770],{"class":64},[20,88326,88327],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[41,88329,88331],{"className":43,"code":88330,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88332,88333,88339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88334,88335,88337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88336,34896],{"class":1622},[50,88338,88267],{"class":56},[50,88340,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88342,119],{"class":118},[50,88344,122],{"class":64},[50,88346,42437],{"class":125},[50,88348,129],{"class":64},[50,88350,88309],{"class":24549},[50,88352,129],{"class":64},[50,88354,88355],{"class":125},"isfile",[50,88357,122],{"class":64},[50,88359,69],{"class":68},[50,88361,86423],{"class":72},[50,88363,69],{"class":68},[50,88365,1770],{"class":64},[20,88367,88368],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[41,88370,88372],{"className":43,"code":88371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88373,88374,88416],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88375,88376,88378,88380,88382,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88377,86413],{"class":1622},[50,88379,86416],{"class":118},[50,88381,122],{"class":64},[50,88383,69],{"class":68},[50,88385,86423],{"class":72},[50,88387,69],{"class":68},[50,88389,89],{"class":64},[50,88391,81],{"class":68},[50,88393,60323],{"class":72},[50,88395,69],{"class":68},[50,88397,89],{"class":64},[50,88399,86438],{"class":9202},[50,88401,61],{"class":60},[50,88403,69],{"class":68},[50,88405,86445],{"class":72},[50,88407,69],{"class":68},[50,88409,1206],{"class":64},[50,88411,47171],{"class":1622},[50,88413,86455],{"class":86454},[50,88415,6417],{"class":64},[50,88417,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88419,8094],{"class":118},[50,88421,122],{"class":64},[50,88423,86561],{"class":86454},[50,88425,129],{"class":64},[50,88427,86471],{"class":125},[50,88429,1727],{"class":64},[20,88431,88432],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[219,88434,1857],{"id":1856},[811,88436,88438],{"id":88437},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88440,88441],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[811,88443,88445],{"id":88444},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88447,88448,88449,88451],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88450,86413],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[811,88453,5202,88455,1846,88457,88459],{"id":88454},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88456,86809],{},[15,88458,18089],{}," mode?",[20,88461,88462,88464,88465,88467],{},[15,88463,86809],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88466,18089],{}," adds new content to the end.",[811,88469,88471],{"id":88470},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88473,88474],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[811,88476,88478],{"id":88477},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88480,88481,88482,88484],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88483,86789],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[219,88486,1909],{"id":1908},[233,88488,88489,88493,88497,88501,88505,88509,88513,88519],{},[236,88490,88491],{},[380,88492,87622],{"href":87621},[236,88494,88495],{},[380,88496,87827],{"href":87826},[236,88498,88499],{},[380,88500,87831],{"href":87830},[236,88502,88503],{},[380,88504,87626],{"href":87625},[236,88506,88507],{},[380,88508,88218],{"href":88217},[236,88510,88511],{},[380,88512,88050],{"href":88049},[236,88514,88515],{},[380,88516,88042,88517,88046],{"href":88041},[50,88518,88045],{},[236,88520,88521],{},[380,88522,88080,88523,88084],{"href":88079},[50,88524,88083],{},[1944,88526,88527],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":88529},[88530,88531,88532,88533,88534,88535,88536,88541,88542,88547,88553,88554,88555,88563],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":86496,"depth":108,"text":86497},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":86793,"depth":108,"text":86794},{"id":87057,"depth":108,"text":87058},{"id":87181,"depth":108,"text":87182},{"id":87364,"depth":108,"text":87365,"children":88537},[88538,88539,88540],{"id":87374,"depth":115,"text":87375},{"id":87453,"depth":115,"text":87454},{"id":87536,"depth":115,"text":87537},{"id":87629,"depth":108,"text":87630},{"id":87834,"depth":108,"text":87835,"children":88543},[88544,88545,88546],{"id":87841,"depth":115,"text":86789},{"id":87925,"depth":115,"text":87925},{"id":87936,"depth":115,"text":87936},{"id":87947,"depth":108,"text":87948,"children":88548},[88549,88550,88551,88552],{"id":87954,"depth":115,"text":87957},{"id":88053,"depth":115,"text":88056},{"id":88087,"depth":115,"text":88090},{"id":88170,"depth":115,"text":88173},{"id":88187,"depth":108,"text":88188},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":88556},[88557,88558,88559,88561,88562],{"id":88437,"depth":115,"text":88438},{"id":88444,"depth":115,"text":88445},{"id":88454,"depth":115,"text":88560},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88470,"depth":115,"text":88471},{"id":88477,"depth":115,"text":88478},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86384,"description":88564},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88571,"title":88572,"body":88573,"description":90568,"extension":1981,"meta":90569,"navigation":111,"path":90570,"seo":90571,"stem":90572,"__hash__":90573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88574,"toc":90515},[88575,88580,88585,88591,88593,88661,88663,88682,88687,88692,88697,88700,88712,88714,88757,88759,88777,88788,88790,88792,88817,88819,88830,88832,88892,88894,88920,88923,88927,88932,88936,88939,88973,88977,88980,89005,89009,89032,89036,89069,89074,89078,89083,89086,89154,89156,89180,89185,89188,89219,89221,89253,89270,89274,89279,89303,89310,89315,89320,89323,89327,89362,89364,89373,89377,89468,89470,89501,89506,89513,89518,89527,89530,89564,89566,89580,89584,89625,89627,89636,89640,89688,89690,89704,89709,89720,89727,89733,89735,89770,89772,89786,89789,89811,89817,89846,89857,89863,89869,89883,89885,89964,89966,90016,90023,90025,90030,90034,90037,90052,90057,90059,90078,90084,90087,90102,90104,90122,90128,90133,90163,90166,90189,90192,90219,90226,90232,90240,90263,90268,90276,90278,90298,90302,90308,90358,90361,90383,90385,90391,90399,90405,90411,90419,90424,90428,90431,90454,90459,90466,90478,90480,90512],[10,88576,3603,88578,3607],{"id":88577},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88579,46265],{},[20,88581,32120,88582,88584],{},[15,88583,46265],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88586,88587,88588,88590],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88589,46265],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[219,88592,2022],{"id":2021},[41,88594,88596],{"className":43,"code":88595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88597,88598,88610,88619,88623,88633,88643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88599,88600,88602,88604,88606,88608],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88601,7903],{"class":56},[50,88603,61],{"class":60},[50,88605,81],{"class":68},[50,88607,1051],{"class":72},[50,88609,3384],{"class":68},[50,88611,88612,88614,88616],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88613,21426],{"class":56},[50,88615,61],{"class":60},[50,88617,88618],{"class":101}," 12\n",[50,88620,88621],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,88622,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,88624,88625,88627,88629,88631],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,88626,119],{"class":118},[50,88628,122],{"class":64},[50,88630,73],{"class":125},[50,88632,414],{"class":64},[50,88634,88635,88637,88639,88641],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,88636,119],{"class":118},[50,88638,122],{"class":64},[50,88640,94],{"class":125},[50,88642,414],{"class":64},[50,88644,88645,88647,88649,88651,88653,88655,88657,88659],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,88646,119],{"class":118},[50,88648,122],{"class":64},[50,88650,69],{"class":68},[50,88652,34672],{"class":72},[50,88654,69],{"class":68},[50,88656,89],{"class":64},[50,88658,35798],{"class":125},[50,88660,414],{"class":64},[20,88662,2091],{},[41,88664,88666],{"className":43,"code":88665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88667,88668,88673,88677],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88669,88670],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88671,88672],{"class":56},"Mia\n",[50,88674,88675],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88676,2245],{"class":101},[50,88678,88679],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,88680,88681],{"class":56},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88683,212,88684,88686],{},[15,88685,46265],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[219,88688,222,88690,225],{"id":88689},"what-print-does",[15,88691,46265],{},[20,88693,88694,88696],{},[15,88695,46265],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88698,88699],{},"You can use it to display:",[233,88701,88702,88704,88706,88709],{},[236,88703,34513],{},[236,88705,3678],{},[236,88707,88708],{},"variables",[236,88710,88711],{},"expressions",[20,88713,253],{},[41,88715,88717],{"className":43,"code":88716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88718,88719,88733,88743],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88720,88721,88723,88725,88727,88729,88731],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88722,119],{"class":118},[50,88724,122],{"class":64},[50,88726,69],{"class":68},[50,88728,34672],{"class":72},[50,88730,69],{"class":68},[50,88732,414],{"class":64},[50,88734,88735,88737,88739,88741],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88736,119],{"class":118},[50,88738,122],{"class":64},[50,88740,2157],{"class":101},[50,88742,414],{"class":64},[50,88744,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,88746,119],{"class":118},[50,88748,122],{"class":64},[50,88750,2076],{"class":101},[50,88752,2476],{"class":60},[50,88754,2473],{"class":101},[50,88756,414],{"class":64},[20,88758,2091],{},[41,88760,88762],{"className":43,"code":88761,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88763,88764,88769,88773],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88765,88766],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88767,88768],{"class":56},"Hello\n",[50,88770,88771],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88772,2969],{"class":101},[50,88774,88775],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,88776,2969],{"class":101},[20,88778,88779,88780,88782,88783,88787],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88781,46265],{}," ",[997,88784,3719,88785],{},[15,88786,38],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[219,88789,387],{"id":386},[20,88791,30527],{},[41,88793,88795],{"className":43,"code":88794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88796,88797],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88798,88799,88801,88803,88806,88808,88811,88813,88815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88800,119],{"class":118},[50,88802,122],{"class":64},[50,88804,88805],{"class":125},"object1",[50,88807,89],{"class":64},[50,88809,88810],{"class":125}," object2",[50,88812,89],{"class":64},[50,88814,34258],{"class":118},[50,88816,414],{"class":64},[20,88818,80022],{},[233,88820,88821,88824,88827],{},[236,88822,88823],{},"one value",[236,88825,88826],{},"many values",[236,88828,88829],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88831,253],{},[41,88833,88835],{"className":43,"code":88834,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88836,88837,88851,88870],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88838,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847,88849],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88840,119],{"class":118},[50,88842,122],{"class":64},[50,88844,69],{"class":68},[50,88846,57585],{"class":72},[50,88848,69],{"class":68},[50,88850,414],{"class":64},[50,88852,88853,88855,88857,88859,88862,88864,88866,88868],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88854,119],{"class":118},[50,88856,122],{"class":64},[50,88858,69],{"class":68},[50,88860,88861],{"class":72},"Score:",[50,88863,69],{"class":68},[50,88865,89],{"class":64},[50,88867,1144],{"class":101},[50,88869,414],{"class":64},[50,88871,88872,88874,88876,88878,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,88873,119],{"class":118},[50,88875,122],{"class":64},[50,88877,69],{"class":68},[50,88879,45376],{"class":72},[50,88881,69],{"class":68},[50,88883,89],{"class":64},[50,88885,2479],{"class":101},[50,88887,2476],{"class":60},[50,88889,37452],{"class":101},[50,88891,414],{"class":64},[20,88893,2091],{},[41,88895,88897],{"className":43,"code":88896,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88898,88899,88903,88912],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88900,88901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88902,85175],{"class":56},[50,88904,88905,88908,88910],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88906,88907],{"class":56},"Score",[50,88909,78],{"class":64},[50,88911,2610],{"class":101},[50,88913,88914,88916,88918],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,88915,45416],{"class":56},[50,88917,78],{"class":64},[50,88919,2610],{"class":101},[20,88921,88922],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[219,88924,88926],{"id":88925},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88928,88929,88930,129],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88931,46265],{},[811,88933,88935],{"id":88934},"print-text","Print text",[20,88937,88938],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[41,88940,88942],{"className":43,"code":88941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88943,88944,88958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88945,88946,88948,88950,88952,88954,88956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88947,119],{"class":118},[50,88949,122],{"class":64},[50,88951,69],{"class":68},[50,88953,34672],{"class":72},[50,88955,69],{"class":68},[50,88957,414],{"class":64},[50,88959,88960,88962,88964,88966,88969,88971],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88961,119],{"class":118},[50,88963,122],{"class":64},[50,88965,69],{"class":68},[50,88967,88968],{"class":72},"Python is fun",[50,88970,69],{"class":68},[50,88972,414],{"class":64},[811,88974,88976],{"id":88975},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88978,88979],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[41,88981,88983],{"className":43,"code":88982,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88984,88985,88995],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88986,88987,88989,88991,88993],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88988,119],{"class":118},[50,88990,122],{"class":64},[50,88992,2157],{"class":101},[50,88994,414],{"class":64},[50,88996,88997,88999,89001,89003],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88998,119],{"class":118},[50,89000,122],{"class":64},[50,89002,39953],{"class":101},[50,89004,414],{"class":64},[811,89006,89008],{"id":89007},"print-variables","Print variables",[41,89010,89012],{"className":43,"code":89011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89013,89014,89022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89015,89016,89018,89020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89017,5118],{"class":56},[50,89019,61],{"class":60},[50,89021,14136],{"class":101},[50,89023,89024,89026,89028,89030],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89025,119],{"class":118},[50,89027,122],{"class":64},[50,89029,85339],{"class":125},[50,89031,414],{"class":64},[811,89033,89035],{"id":89034},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[41,89037,89039],{"className":43,"code":89038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89040,89041,89055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89042,89043,89045,89047,89049,89051,89053],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89044,119],{"class":118},[50,89046,122],{"class":64},[50,89048,2076],{"class":101},[50,89050,2476],{"class":60},[50,89052,2473],{"class":101},[50,89054,414],{"class":64},[50,89056,89057,89059,89061,89063,89065,89067],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89058,119],{"class":118},[50,89060,122],{"class":64},[50,89062,2352],{"class":101},[50,89064,82651],{"class":60},[50,89066,2479],{"class":101},[50,89068,414],{"class":64},[20,89070,89071,89072,129],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[380,89073,50791],{"href":50790},[219,89075,89077],{"id":89076},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89079,89080,89082],{},[15,89081,46265],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89084,89085],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[41,89087,89089],{"className":43,"code":89088,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89090,89091,89104,89112,89116,89135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89092,89093,89095,89097,89099,89102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89094,7903],{"class":56},[50,89096,61],{"class":60},[50,89098,81],{"class":68},[50,89100,89101],{"class":72},"Ava",[50,89103,3384],{"class":68},[50,89105,89106,89108,89110],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89107,21426],{"class":56},[50,89109,61],{"class":60},[50,89111,2610],{"class":101},[50,89113,89114],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,89115,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,89117,89118,89120,89122,89124,89127,89129,89131,89133],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,89119,119],{"class":118},[50,89121,122],{"class":64},[50,89123,69],{"class":68},[50,89125,89126],{"class":72},"Name:",[50,89128,69],{"class":68},[50,89130,89],{"class":64},[50,89132,35798],{"class":125},[50,89134,414],{"class":64},[50,89136,89137,89139,89141,89143,89146,89148,89150,89152],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,89138,119],{"class":118},[50,89140,122],{"class":64},[50,89142,69],{"class":68},[50,89144,89145],{"class":72},"Age:",[50,89147,69],{"class":68},[50,89149,89],{"class":64},[50,89151,9215],{"class":125},[50,89153,414],{"class":64},[20,89155,2091],{},[41,89157,89159],{"className":43,"code":89158,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89160,89161,89171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89162,89163,89166,89168],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89164,89165],{"class":56},"Name",[50,89167,78],{"class":64},[50,89169,89170],{"class":56}," Ava\n",[50,89172,89173,89176,89178],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89174,89175],{"class":56},"Age",[50,89177,78],{"class":64},[50,89179,2610],{"class":101},[20,89181,89182,89183,129],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89184,2079],{},[20,89186,89187],{},"For example, this works:",[41,89189,89191],{"className":43,"code":89190,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89192,89193,89201],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89194,89195,89197,89199],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89196,21426],{"class":56},[50,89198,61],{"class":60},[50,89200,2610],{"class":101},[50,89202,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215,89217],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89204,119],{"class":118},[50,89206,122],{"class":64},[50,89208,69],{"class":68},[50,89210,89145],{"class":72},[50,89212,69],{"class":68},[50,89214,89],{"class":64},[50,89216,9215],{"class":125},[50,89218,414],{"class":64},[20,89220,36734],{},[41,89222,89224],{"className":43,"code":89223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89225,89226,89234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89227,89228,89230,89232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89229,21426],{"class":56},[50,89231,61],{"class":60},[50,89233,2610],{"class":101},[50,89235,89236,89238,89240,89242,89245,89247,89249,89251],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89237,119],{"class":118},[50,89239,122],{"class":64},[50,89241,69],{"class":68},[50,89243,89244],{"class":72},"Age: ",[50,89246,69],{"class":68},[50,89248,2476],{"class":60},[50,89250,9215],{"class":125},[50,89252,414],{"class":64},[20,89254,89255,89256,89259,89260,89262,89263,89265,89266,129],{},"That fails because ",[15,89257,89258],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89261,94],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89264,2079],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[380,89267,89268],{"href":41986},[15,89269,47497],{},[219,89271,89273],{"id":89272},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89275,89276,89278],{},[15,89277,46265],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[233,89280,89281,89287,89292,89297],{},[236,89282,89283,89286],{},[15,89284,89285],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[236,89288,89289,89291],{},[15,89290,52476],{}," controls what is added after the output",[236,89293,89294,89296],{},[15,89295,86561],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[236,89298,89299,89302],{},[15,89300,89301],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89304,89305,89306,1846,89308,129],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89307,89285],{},[15,89309,52476],{},[219,89311,89313,36423],{"id":89312},"sep-argument",[15,89314,89285],{},[20,89316,228,89317,89319],{},[15,89318,89285],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89321,89322],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[811,89324,89326],{"id":89325},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[41,89328,89330],{"className":43,"code":89329,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89331,89332],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89333,89334,89336,89338,89340,89342,89344,89346,89348,89350,89352,89354,89356,89358,89360],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89335,119],{"class":118},[50,89337,122],{"class":64},[50,89339,69],{"class":68},[50,89341,13101],{"class":72},[50,89343,69],{"class":68},[50,89345,89],{"class":64},[50,89347,81],{"class":68},[50,89349,17448],{"class":72},[50,89351,69],{"class":68},[50,89353,89],{"class":64},[50,89355,81],{"class":68},[50,89357,13118],{"class":72},[50,89359,69],{"class":68},[50,89361,414],{"class":64},[20,89363,2091],{},[41,89365,89367],{"className":43,"code":89366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red green blue\n",[15,89368,89369],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89370,89371],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89372,89366],{"class":56},[811,89374,89376],{"id":89375},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[41,89378,89380],{"className":43,"code":89379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89381,89382,89425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89383,89384,89386,89388,89390,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412,89415,89417,89419,89421,89423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89385,119],{"class":118},[50,89387,122],{"class":64},[50,89389,69],{"class":68},[50,89391,13101],{"class":72},[50,89393,69],{"class":68},[50,89395,89],{"class":64},[50,89397,81],{"class":68},[50,89399,17448],{"class":72},[50,89401,69],{"class":68},[50,89403,89],{"class":64},[50,89405,81],{"class":68},[50,89407,13118],{"class":72},[50,89409,69],{"class":68},[50,89411,89],{"class":64},[50,89413,89414],{"class":9202}," sep",[50,89416,61],{"class":60},[50,89418,69],{"class":68},[50,89420,89],{"class":72},[50,89422,69],{"class":68},[50,89424,414],{"class":64},[50,89426,89427,89429,89431,89433,89435,89437,89439,89441,89443,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89464,89466],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89428,119],{"class":118},[50,89430,122],{"class":64},[50,89432,69],{"class":68},[50,89434,13101],{"class":72},[50,89436,69],{"class":68},[50,89438,89],{"class":64},[50,89440,81],{"class":68},[50,89442,17448],{"class":72},[50,89444,69],{"class":68},[50,89446,89],{"class":64},[50,89448,81],{"class":68},[50,89450,13118],{"class":72},[50,89452,69],{"class":68},[50,89454,89],{"class":64},[50,89456,89414],{"class":9202},[50,89458,61],{"class":60},[50,89460,69],{"class":68},[50,89462,89463],{"class":72}," - ",[50,89465,69],{"class":68},[50,89467,414],{"class":64},[20,89469,2091],{},[41,89471,89473],{"className":43,"code":89472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89474,89475,89487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89476,89477,89479,89481,89483,89485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89478,13101],{"class":56},[50,89480,89],{"class":64},[50,89482,17448],{"class":56},[50,89484,89],{"class":64},[50,89486,69800],{"class":56},[50,89488,89489,89492,89494,89497,89499],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89490,89491],{"class":56},"red ",[50,89493,2041],{"class":60},[50,89495,89496],{"class":56}," green ",[50,89498,2041],{"class":60},[50,89500,35687],{"class":56},[20,89502,89503,89505],{},[15,89504,89285],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89507,89508,89509,129],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[380,89510,89512],{"href":89511},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[219,89514,89516,36423],{"id":89515},"end-argument",[15,89517,52476],{},[20,89519,89520,89521,89523,89524,89526],{},"By default, ",[15,89522,46265],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89525,46265],{}," starts on a new line.",[811,89528,89326],{"id":89529},"default-behavior-1",[41,89531,89533],{"className":43,"code":89532,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89534,89535,89549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89536,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89538,119],{"class":118},[50,89540,122],{"class":64},[50,89542,69],{"class":68},[50,89544,34672],{"class":72},[50,89546,69],{"class":68},[50,89548,414],{"class":64},[50,89550,89551,89553,89555,89557,89560,89562],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89552,119],{"class":118},[50,89554,122],{"class":64},[50,89556,69],{"class":68},[50,89558,89559],{"class":72},"World",[50,89561,69],{"class":68},[50,89563,414],{"class":64},[20,89565,2091],{},[41,89567,89569],{"className":43,"code":89568,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89570,89571,89575],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89572,89573],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89574,88768],{"class":56},[50,89576,89577],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89578,89579],{"class":56},"World\n",[811,89581,89583],{"id":89582},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[41,89585,89587],{"className":43,"code":89586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89588,89589,89611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89590,89591,89593,89595,89597,89599,89601,89603,89605,89607,89609],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89592,119],{"class":118},[50,89594,122],{"class":64},[50,89596,69],{"class":68},[50,89598,34672],{"class":72},[50,89600,69],{"class":68},[50,89602,89],{"class":64},[50,89604,64859],{"class":9202},[50,89606,61],{"class":60},[50,89608,6296],{"class":68},[50,89610,414],{"class":64},[50,89612,89613,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89614,119],{"class":118},[50,89616,122],{"class":64},[50,89618,69],{"class":68},[50,89620,89559],{"class":72},[50,89622,69],{"class":68},[50,89624,414],{"class":64},[20,89626,2091],{},[41,89628,89630],{"className":43,"code":89629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89631,89632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89633,89634],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89635,89629],{"class":56},[811,89637,89639],{"id":89638},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[41,89641,89643],{"className":43,"code":89642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89644,89645,89674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89646,89647,89649,89651,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661,89663,89665,89668,89670,89672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89648,119],{"class":118},[50,89650,122],{"class":64},[50,89652,69],{"class":68},[50,89654,34672],{"class":72},[50,89656,69],{"class":68},[50,89658,89],{"class":64},[50,89660,64859],{"class":9202},[50,89662,61],{"class":60},[50,89664,69],{"class":68},[50,89666,89667],{"class":72},"!",[50,89669,86972],{"class":34257},[50,89671,69],{"class":68},[50,89673,414],{"class":64},[50,89675,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89677,119],{"class":118},[50,89679,122],{"class":64},[50,89681,69],{"class":68},[50,89683,89559],{"class":72},[50,89685,69],{"class":68},[50,89687,414],{"class":64},[20,89689,2091],{},[41,89691,89693],{"className":43,"code":89692,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89694,89695,89700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89696,89697],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89698,89699],{"class":56},"Hello!\n",[50,89701,89702],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89703,89579],{"class":56},[20,89705,228,89706,89708],{},[15,89707,52476],{}," argument is useful for:",[233,89710,89711,89714,89717],{},[236,89712,89713],{},"progress messages",[236,89715,89716],{},"inline output",[236,89718,89719],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[219,89721,89723,35,89725],{"id":89722},"print-returns-none",[15,89724,46265],{},[15,89726,38],{},[20,89728,89729,89730,89732],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89731,46265],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89734,253],{},[41,89736,89738],{"className":43,"code":89737,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89739,89740,89760],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89741,89742,89744,89746,89749,89751,89753,89756,89758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89743,2250],{"class":56},[50,89745,61],{"class":60},[50,89747,89748],{"class":118}," print",[50,89750,122],{"class":64},[50,89752,69],{"class":68},[50,89754,89755],{"class":72},"Hi",[50,89757,69],{"class":68},[50,89759,414],{"class":64},[50,89761,89762,89764,89766,89768],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89763,119],{"class":118},[50,89765,122],{"class":64},[50,89767,2285],{"class":125},[50,89769,414],{"class":64},[20,89771,2091],{},[41,89773,89775],{"className":43,"code":89774,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89776,89777,89782],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89778,89779],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89780,89781],{"class":56},"Hi\n",[50,89783,89784],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89785,11821],{"class":1494},[20,89787,89788],{},"Why does this happen?",[233,89790,89791,89799,89804],{},[236,89792,89793,89796,89797],{},[15,89794,89795],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89798,89755],{},[236,89800,89801,89802],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89803,38],{},[236,89805,89806,89807,11933,89809],{},"so ",[15,89808,2285],{},[15,89810,38],{},[20,89812,89813,89814,89816],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89815,46265],{}," call.",[41,89818,89820],{"className":43,"code":89819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89821,89822,89835],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89823,89824,89827,89829,89831,89833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89825,89826],{"class":56},"message ",[50,89828,61],{"class":60},[50,89830,81],{"class":68},[50,89832,89755],{"class":72},[50,89834,3384],{"class":68},[50,89836,89837,89839,89841,89844],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89838,119],{"class":118},[50,89840,122],{"class":64},[50,89842,89843],{"class":125},"message",[50,89845,414],{"class":64},[20,89847,89848,89849,89851,89852,89856],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89850,46265],{}," with functions like ",[380,89853,89854],{"href":8245},[15,89855,2980],{},", which do return a value.",[219,89858,89860,89861],{"id":89859},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89862,46265],{},[20,89864,89865,89866,89868],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89867,46265],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[233,89870,89871,89874,89877,89880],{},[236,89872,89873],{},"to display results to the user",[236,89875,89876],{},"to show messages in a script",[236,89878,89879],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[236,89881,89882],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89884,253],{},[41,89886,89888],{"className":43,"code":89887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89889,89890,89898,89902,89922,89933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89891,89892,89894,89896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89893,40993],{"class":56},[50,89895,61],{"class":60},[50,89897,38322],{"class":101},[50,89899,89900],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89901,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,89903,89904,89906,89908,89910,89912,89914,89916,89918,89920],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,89905,5982],{"class":1622},[50,89907,6410],{"class":56},[50,89909,1562],{"class":1622},[50,89911,53886],{"class":118},[50,89913,122],{"class":64},[50,89915,3011],{"class":101},[50,89917,89],{"class":64},[50,89919,2479],{"class":101},[50,89921,8368],{"class":64},[50,89923,89924,89927,89930],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,89925,89926],{"class":56},"    total ",[50,89928,89929],{"class":60},"+=",[50,89931,89932],{"class":56}," number\n",[50,89934,89935,89937,89939,89941,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954,89956,89958,89960,89962],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,89936,8094],{"class":118},[50,89938,122],{"class":64},[50,89940,69],{"class":68},[50,89942,89943],{"class":72},"Current number:",[50,89945,69],{"class":68},[50,89947,89],{"class":64},[50,89949,2217],{"class":125},[50,89951,89],{"class":64},[50,89953,81],{"class":68},[50,89955,45376],{"class":72},[50,89957,69],{"class":68},[50,89959,89],{"class":64},[50,89961,45383],{"class":125},[50,89963,414],{"class":64},[20,89965,2091],{},[41,89967,89969],{"className":43,"code":89968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89970,89971,89987,90001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89972,89973,89976,89978,89980,89983,89985],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89974,89975],{"class":56},"Current number",[50,89977,78],{"class":64},[50,89979,5521],{"class":101},[50,89981,89982],{"class":56}," Total",[50,89984,78],{"class":64},[50,89986,29416],{"class":101},[50,89988,89989,89991,89993,89995,89997,89999],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89990,89975],{"class":56},[50,89992,78],{"class":64},[50,89994,3016],{"class":101},[50,89996,89982],{"class":56},[50,89998,78],{"class":64},[50,90000,2600],{"class":101},[50,90002,90003,90005,90007,90009,90011,90013],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,90004,89975],{"class":56},[50,90006,78],{"class":64},[50,90008,2473],{"class":101},[50,90010,89982],{"class":56},[50,90012,78],{"class":64},[50,90014,90015],{"class":101}," 6\n",[20,90017,90018,90019,129],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[380,90020,90022],{"href":90021},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[219,90024,1663],{"id":1662},[20,90026,90027,90028,129],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90029,46265],{},[811,90031,90033],{"id":90032},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90035,90036],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[41,90038,90040],{"className":43,"code":90039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90041,90042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90043,90044,90046,90048,90050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90045,119],{"class":118},[50,90047,122],{"class":64},[50,90049,34672],{"class":125},[50,90051,414],{"class":64},[20,90053,8904,90054,90056],{},[15,90055,34672],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90058,10827],{},[41,90060,90062],{"className":43,"code":90061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90063,90064],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90065,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074,90076],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90067,119],{"class":118},[50,90069,122],{"class":64},[50,90071,69],{"class":68},[50,90073,34672],{"class":72},[50,90075,69],{"class":68},[50,90077,414],{"class":64},[811,90079,8444,90081,90083],{"id":90080},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90082,119],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90085,90086],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[41,90088,90090],{"className":43,"code":90089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90091,90092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90093,90094,90096,90098,90100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90095,119],{"class":118},[50,90097,81],{"class":68},[50,90099,34672],{"class":72},[50,90101,3384],{"class":68},[20,90103,10827],{},[41,90105,90106],{"className":43,"code":90061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,90107,90108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90109,90110,90112,90114,90116,90118,90120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90111,119],{"class":118},[50,90113,122],{"class":64},[50,90115,69],{"class":68},[50,90117,34672],{"class":72},[50,90119,69],{"class":68},[50,90121,414],{"class":64},[811,90123,90125,90126],{"id":90124},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90127,2079],{},[20,90129,90130,90131,129],{},"This causes a ",[15,90132,3029],{},[41,90134,90135],{"className":43,"code":89223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,90136,90137,90145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90138,90139,90141,90143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90140,21426],{"class":56},[50,90142,61],{"class":60},[50,90144,2610],{"class":101},[50,90146,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90148,119],{"class":118},[50,90150,122],{"class":64},[50,90152,69],{"class":68},[50,90154,89244],{"class":72},[50,90156,69],{"class":68},[50,90158,2476],{"class":60},[50,90160,9215],{"class":125},[50,90162,414],{"class":64},[20,90164,90165],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[41,90167,90169],{"className":43,"code":90168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90170,90171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90172,90173,90175,90177,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90174,119],{"class":118},[50,90176,122],{"class":64},[50,90178,69],{"class":68},[50,90180,89145],{"class":72},[50,90182,69],{"class":68},[50,90184,89],{"class":64},[50,90186,9215],{"class":125},[50,90188,414],{"class":64},[20,90190,90191],{},"Or convert the number first:",[41,90193,90195],{"className":43,"code":90194,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90196,90197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90198,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90200,119],{"class":118},[50,90202,122],{"class":64},[50,90204,69],{"class":68},[50,90206,89244],{"class":72},[50,90208,69],{"class":68},[50,90210,2476],{"class":60},[50,90212,48718],{"class":1779},[50,90214,122],{"class":64},[50,90216,94],{"class":125},[50,90218,1770],{"class":64},[20,90220,90221,90222,129],{},"If you see this error, read ",[380,90223,90225],{"href":90224},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[811,90227,8480,90229,90231],{"id":90228},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90230,46265],{}," to return a value",[20,90233,90234,90235,35135,90238,78],{},"This does not store ",[15,90236,90237],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90239,2285],{},[41,90241,90243],{"className":43,"code":90242,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90244,90245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90246,90247,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259,90261],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90248,2250],{"class":56},[50,90250,61],{"class":60},[50,90252,89748],{"class":118},[50,90254,122],{"class":64},[50,90256,69],{"class":68},[50,90258,34672],{"class":72},[50,90260,69],{"class":68},[50,90262,414],{"class":64},[20,90264,90265,90266,129],{},"It stores ",[15,90267,38],{},[811,90269,90271,90272,1846,90274],{"id":90270},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90273,89285],{},[15,90275,52476],{},[20,90277,85631],{},[233,90279,90280,90289],{},[236,90281,90282,90284,90285,90288],{},[15,90283,89285],{}," changes what goes ",[997,90286,90287],{},"between"," multiple values",[236,90290,90291,90293,90294,90297],{},[15,90292,52476],{}," changes what appears ",[997,90295,90296],{},"after"," the output",[219,90299,90301],{"id":90300},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90303,90304,90305,90307],{},"These simple ",[15,90306,46265],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[41,90309,90311],{"className":43,"code":90310,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90312,90313,90333,90348],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90314,90315,90317,90319,90321,90324,90326,90328,90331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90316,119],{"class":118},[50,90318,122],{"class":64},[50,90320,69],{"class":68},[50,90322,90323],{"class":72},"Debug:",[50,90325,69],{"class":68},[50,90327,89],{"class":64},[50,90329,90330],{"class":125}," variable_name",[50,90332,414],{"class":64},[50,90334,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90346],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90336,119],{"class":118},[50,90338,122],{"class":64},[50,90340,1780],{"class":1779},[50,90342,122],{"class":64},[50,90344,90345],{"class":125},"variable_name",[50,90347,1770],{"class":64},[50,90349,90350,90352,90354,90356],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,90351,31955],{"class":118},[50,90353,122],{"class":64},[50,90355,119],{"class":118},[50,90357,414],{"class":64},[20,90359,90360],{},"What they do:",[233,90362,90363,90369,90375],{},[236,90364,90365,90368],{},[15,90366,90367],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[236,90370,90371,90374],{},[15,90372,90373],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[236,90376,90377,90380,90381],{},[15,90378,90379],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90382,46265],{},[219,90384,1857],{"id":1856},[811,90386,1861,90388,90390],{"id":90387},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90389,46265],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90392,90393,90394,90396,90397,36429],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90395,46265],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90398,52476],{},[811,90400,5192,90402,90404],{"id":90401},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90403,46265],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90406,90407,90408,90410],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90409,46265],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[811,90412,5180,90414,5183,90417,1867],{"id":90413},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90415,90416],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90418,38],{},[20,90420,28862,90421,90423],{},[15,90422,46265],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[811,90425,90427],{"id":90426},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90429,90430],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[41,90432,90434],{"className":43,"code":90433,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90435,90436],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90437,90438,90440,90442,90444,90446,90448,90450,90452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90439,119],{"class":118},[50,90441,122],{"class":64},[50,90443,69],{"class":68},[50,90445,89145],{"class":72},[50,90447,69],{"class":68},[50,90449,89],{"class":64},[50,90451,1144],{"class":101},[50,90453,414],{"class":64},[20,90455,90456,90457,39739],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90458,47497],{},[811,90460,5202,90462,1846,90464,1867],{"id":90461},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90463,89285],{},[15,90465,52476],{},[233,90467,90468,90473],{},[236,90469,90470,90472],{},[15,90471,89285],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[236,90474,90475,90477],{},[15,90476,52476],{}," changes what appears after the output",[219,90479,1909],{"id":1908},[233,90481,90482,90486,90492,90498,90503,90508],{},[236,90483,90484],{},[380,90485,50791],{"href":50790},[236,90487,90488],{},[380,90489,3603,90490,3536],{"href":8245},[15,90491,2980],{},[236,90493,90494],{},[380,90495,3603,90496,3536],{"href":41986},[15,90497,47497],{},[236,90499,90500],{},[380,90501,90502],{"href":89511},"How to format strings in Python",[236,90504,90505],{},[380,90506,90507],{"href":90021},"How to debug Python code",[236,90509,90510],{},[380,90511,90225],{"href":90224},[1944,90513,90514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":90516},[90517,90518,90520,90521,90527,90528,90529,90534,90540,90542,90544,90555,90556,90567],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":88689,"depth":108,"text":90519},"What print() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":88925,"depth":108,"text":88926,"children":90522},[90523,90524,90525,90526],{"id":88934,"depth":115,"text":88935},{"id":88975,"depth":115,"text":88976},{"id":89007,"depth":115,"text":89008},{"id":89034,"depth":115,"text":89035},{"id":89076,"depth":108,"text":89077},{"id":89272,"depth":108,"text":89273},{"id":89312,"depth":108,"text":90530,"children":90531},"sep argument",[90532,90533],{"id":89325,"depth":115,"text":89326},{"id":89375,"depth":115,"text":89376},{"id":89515,"depth":108,"text":90535,"children":90536},"end argument",[90537,90538,90539],{"id":89529,"depth":115,"text":89326},{"id":89582,"depth":115,"text":89583},{"id":89638,"depth":115,"text":89639},{"id":89722,"depth":108,"text":90541},"print() returns None",{"id":89859,"depth":108,"text":90543},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":90545},[90546,90547,90549,90551,90553],{"id":90032,"depth":115,"text":90033},{"id":90080,"depth":115,"text":90548},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90124,"depth":115,"text":90550},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90228,"depth":115,"text":90552},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90270,"depth":115,"text":90554},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90300,"depth":108,"text":90301},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":90557},[90558,90560,90562,90564,90565],{"id":90387,"depth":115,"text":90559},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90401,"depth":115,"text":90561},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90413,"depth":115,"text":90563},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90426,"depth":115,"text":90427},{"id":90461,"depth":115,"text":90566},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88572,"description":90568},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90575,"title":90576,"body":90577,"description":92881,"extension":1981,"meta":92882,"navigation":111,"path":92883,"seo":92884,"stem":92885,"__hash__":92886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90578,"toc":92827},[90579,90584,90589,90602,90604,90669,90680,90685,90690,90692,90715,90718,90749,90751,90768,90773,90779,90784,90833,90836,90853,90859,90864,90887,90889,90917,90923,90931,90958,90960,90985,90991,90994,91025,91027,91056,91060,91063,91068,91090,91092,91120,91126,91132,91158,91160,91184,91190,91196,91226,91228,91256,91266,91270,91276,91309,91311,91340,91343,91346,91379,91381,91389,91395,91397,91420,91425,91434,91439,91453,91455,91495,91497,91527,91531,91566,91572,91576,91620,91622,91652,91658,91661,91740,91742,91764,91772,91775,91838,91846,91921,91927,91934,91939,91944,91967,91969,91990,91992,92005,92007,92054,92056,92095,92104,92106,92110,92114,92117,92144,92147,92176,92179,92203,92206,92214,92220,92242,92244,92272,92276,92281,92336,92341,92343,92400,92407,92416,92419,92451,92453,92461,92464,92470,92472,92495,92498,92504,92507,92526,92528,92547,92550,92572,92574,92602,92606,92610,92715,92717,92730,92732,92738,92741,92749,92754,92760,92766,92771,92779,92785,92792,92794,92824],[10,90580,3603,90582,3607],{"id":90581},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90583,36005],{},[20,90585,32120,90586,90588],{},[15,90587,36005],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90590,90591,90592,90594,90595,90597,90598,90601],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90593,5982],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90596,36005],{}," stops ",[997,90599,90600],{},"before"," the end value.",[219,90603,2022],{"id":2021},[41,90605,90607],{"className":43,"code":90606,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90608,90609,90625,90635,90639,90644,90649,90654,90659,90664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90610,90611,90613,90615,90617,90619,90621,90623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90612,5982],{"class":1622},[50,90614,69367],{"class":56},[50,90616,1562],{"class":1622},[50,90618,53886],{"class":118},[50,90620,122],{"class":64},[50,90622,2157],{"class":101},[50,90624,8368],{"class":64},[50,90626,90627,90629,90631,90633],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90628,8094],{"class":118},[50,90630,122],{"class":64},[50,90632,35961],{"class":125},[50,90634,414],{"class":64},[50,90636,90637],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,90638,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,90640,90641],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,90642,90643],{"class":146},"# Output:\n",[50,90645,90646],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,90647,90648],{"class":146},"# 0\n",[50,90650,90651],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,90652,90653],{"class":146},"# 1\n",[50,90655,90656],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,90657,90658],{"class":146},"# 2\n",[50,90660,90661],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,90662,90663],{"class":146},"# 3\n",[50,90665,90666],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,90667,90668],{"class":146},"# 4\n",[20,90670,90671,90674,90675,90677,90678,129],{},[15,90672,90673],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90676,1215],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90679,2157],{},[219,90681,222,90683,225],{"id":90682},"what-range-does",[15,90684,36005],{},[20,90686,90687,90689],{},[15,90688,36005],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90691,13060],{},[233,90693,90694,90699,90705,90710],{},[236,90695,90696,90698],{},[15,90697,36005],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[236,90700,90701,90702,90704],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90703,5982],{}," loops",[236,90706,90707,90708],{},"The stop value is ",[997,90709,64888],{},[236,90711,17414,90712,90714],{},[15,90713,59816],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90716,90717],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[41,90719,90721],{"className":43,"code":90720,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90722,90723,90739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90724,90725,90727,90729,90731,90733,90735,90737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90726,5982],{"class":1622},[50,90728,6410],{"class":56},[50,90730,1562],{"class":1622},[50,90732,53886],{"class":118},[50,90734,122],{"class":64},[50,90736,2082],{"class":101},[50,90738,8368],{"class":64},[50,90740,90741,90743,90745,90747],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90742,8094],{"class":118},[50,90744,122],{"class":64},[50,90746,2260],{"class":125},[50,90748,414],{"class":64},[20,90750,2091],{},[41,90752,90754],{"className":43,"code":90753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90755,90756,90760,90764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90757,90758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90759,47065],{"class":101},[50,90761,90762],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90763,46730],{"class":101},[50,90765,90766],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,90767,17055],{"class":101},[20,90769,90770,90771,129],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[380,90772,35835],{"href":35834},[219,90774,90776,90778],{"id":90775},"range-syntax",[15,90777,36005],{}," syntax",[20,90780,90781,90783],{},[15,90782,36005],{}," has three common forms:",[41,90785,90787],{"className":43,"code":90786,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90788,90789,90799,90814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90790,90791,90793,90795,90797],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90792,59816],{"class":118},[50,90794,122],{"class":64},[50,90796,75245],{"class":125},[50,90798,414],{"class":64},[50,90800,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809,90812],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90802,59816],{"class":118},[50,90804,122],{"class":64},[50,90806,35879],{"class":125},[50,90808,89],{"class":64},[50,90810,90811],{"class":125}," stop",[50,90813,414],{"class":64},[50,90815,90816,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90831],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,90817,59816],{"class":118},[50,90819,122],{"class":64},[50,90821,35879],{"class":125},[50,90823,89],{"class":64},[50,90825,90811],{"class":125},[50,90827,89],{"class":64},[50,90829,90830],{"class":125}," step",[50,90832,414],{"class":64},[20,90834,90835],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[233,90837,90838,90843,90848],{},[236,90839,90840,90842],{},[15,90841,35879],{}," = first number",[236,90844,90845,90847],{},[15,90846,75245],{}," = end limit, not included",[236,90849,90850,90852],{},[15,90851,75248],{}," = amount to move each time",[811,90854,90856],{"id":90855},"rangestop",[15,90857,90858],{},"range(stop)",[20,90860,90861,90862,129],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90863,1215],{},[41,90865,90867],{"className":43,"code":90866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90868,90869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90870,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90872,119],{"class":118},[50,90874,122],{"class":64},[50,90876,8119],{"class":1779},[50,90878,122],{"class":64},[50,90880,59816],{"class":118},[50,90882,122],{"class":64},[50,90884,2157],{"class":101},[50,90886,1799],{"class":64},[20,90888,2091],{},[41,90890,90891],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,90892,90893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90894,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90896,779],{"class":64},[50,90898,1215],{"class":101},[50,90900,89],{"class":64},[50,90902,5521],{"class":101},[50,90904,89],{"class":64},[50,90906,3016],{"class":101},[50,90908,89],{"class":64},[50,90910,2473],{"class":101},[50,90912,89],{"class":64},[50,90914,2479],{"class":101},[50,90916,788],{"class":64},[811,90918,90920],{"id":90919},"rangestart-stop",[15,90921,90922],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90924,90925,90926,90928,90929,129],{},"This starts at ",[15,90927,35879],{}," and stops before ",[15,90930,75245],{},[41,90932,90934],{"className":43,"code":90933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90935,90936],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90937,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90939,119],{"class":118},[50,90941,122],{"class":64},[50,90943,8119],{"class":1779},[50,90945,122],{"class":64},[50,90947,59816],{"class":118},[50,90949,122],{"class":64},[50,90951,2076],{"class":101},[50,90953,89],{"class":64},[50,90955,37452],{"class":101},[50,90957,1799],{"class":64},[20,90959,2091],{},[41,90961,90963],{"className":43,"code":90962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90964,90965],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90966,90967,90969,90971,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90968,779],{"class":64},[50,90970,2076],{"class":101},[50,90972,89],{"class":64},[50,90974,2473],{"class":101},[50,90976,89],{"class":64},[50,90978,2479],{"class":101},[50,90980,89],{"class":64},[50,90982,4629],{"class":101},[50,90984,788],{"class":64},[811,90986,90988],{"id":90987},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90989,90990],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90992,90993],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[41,90995,90997],{"className":43,"code":90996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90998,90999],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91000,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91002,119],{"class":118},[50,91004,122],{"class":64},[50,91006,8119],{"class":1779},[50,91008,122],{"class":64},[50,91010,59816],{"class":118},[50,91012,122],{"class":64},[50,91014,3011],{"class":101},[50,91016,89],{"class":64},[50,91018,1144],{"class":101},[50,91020,89],{"class":64},[50,91022,3016],{"class":101},[50,91024,1799],{"class":64},[20,91026,2091],{},[41,91028,91030],{"className":43,"code":91029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91031,91032],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91033,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91035,779],{"class":64},[50,91037,3011],{"class":101},[50,91039,89],{"class":64},[50,91041,2473],{"class":101},[50,91043,89],{"class":64},[50,91045,4629],{"class":101},[50,91047,89],{"class":64},[50,91049,6018],{"class":101},[50,91051,89],{"class":64},[50,91053,53952],{"class":101},[50,91055,788],{"class":64},[219,91057,91059],{"id":91058},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91061,91062],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[811,91064,91066],{"id":91065},"range5",[15,91067,90673],{},[41,91069,91070],{"className":43,"code":90866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91071,91072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91073,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91075,119],{"class":118},[50,91077,122],{"class":64},[50,91079,8119],{"class":1779},[50,91081,122],{"class":64},[50,91083,59816],{"class":118},[50,91085,122],{"class":64},[50,91087,2157],{"class":101},[50,91089,1799],{"class":64},[20,91091,2091],{},[41,91093,91094],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91095,91096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91097,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91099,779],{"class":64},[50,91101,1215],{"class":101},[50,91103,89],{"class":64},[50,91105,5521],{"class":101},[50,91107,89],{"class":64},[50,91109,3016],{"class":101},[50,91111,89],{"class":64},[50,91113,2473],{"class":101},[50,91115,89],{"class":64},[50,91117,2479],{"class":101},[50,91119,788],{"class":64},[20,91121,90925,91122,90928,91124,129],{},[15,91123,1215],{},[15,91125,2157],{},[811,91127,91129],{"id":91128},"range2-6",[15,91130,91131],{},"range(2, 6)",[41,91133,91134],{"className":43,"code":90933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91135,91136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91137,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91139,119],{"class":118},[50,91141,122],{"class":64},[50,91143,8119],{"class":1779},[50,91145,122],{"class":64},[50,91147,59816],{"class":118},[50,91149,122],{"class":64},[50,91151,2076],{"class":101},[50,91153,89],{"class":64},[50,91155,37452],{"class":101},[50,91157,1799],{"class":64},[20,91159,2091],{},[41,91161,91162],{"className":43,"code":90962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91163,91164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91165,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91167,779],{"class":64},[50,91169,2076],{"class":101},[50,91171,89],{"class":64},[50,91173,2473],{"class":101},[50,91175,89],{"class":64},[50,91177,2479],{"class":101},[50,91179,89],{"class":64},[50,91181,4629],{"class":101},[50,91183,788],{"class":64},[20,91185,90925,91186,90928,91188,129],{},[15,91187,2076],{},[15,91189,80413],{},[811,91191,91193],{"id":91192},"range1-10-2",[15,91194,91195],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[41,91197,91198],{"className":43,"code":90996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91199,91200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91201,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91203,119],{"class":118},[50,91205,122],{"class":64},[50,91207,8119],{"class":1779},[50,91209,122],{"class":64},[50,91211,59816],{"class":118},[50,91213,122],{"class":64},[50,91215,3011],{"class":101},[50,91217,89],{"class":64},[50,91219,1144],{"class":101},[50,91221,89],{"class":64},[50,91223,3016],{"class":101},[50,91225,1799],{"class":64},[20,91227,2091],{},[41,91229,91230],{"className":43,"code":91029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91231,91232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91233,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91235,779],{"class":64},[50,91237,3011],{"class":101},[50,91239,89],{"class":64},[50,91241,2473],{"class":101},[50,91243,89],{"class":64},[50,91245,4629],{"class":101},[50,91247,89],{"class":64},[50,91249,6018],{"class":101},[50,91251,89],{"class":64},[50,91253,53952],{"class":101},[50,91255,788],{"class":64},[20,91257,91258,91259,91261,91262,61119,91264,129],{},"This moves by ",[15,91260,2076],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91263,3011],{},[15,91265,2165],{},[811,91267,91269],{"id":91268},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91271,91272,91273,91275],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91274,36005],{}," count backward.",[41,91277,91279],{"className":43,"code":91278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91280,91281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91282,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91284,119],{"class":118},[50,91286,122],{"class":64},[50,91288,8119],{"class":1779},[50,91290,122],{"class":64},[50,91292,59816],{"class":118},[50,91294,122],{"class":64},[50,91296,2157],{"class":101},[50,91298,89],{"class":64},[50,91300,1192],{"class":101},[50,91302,89],{"class":64},[50,91304,2242],{"class":60},[50,91306,3011],{"class":101},[50,91308,1799],{"class":64},[20,91310,2091],{},[41,91312,91314],{"className":43,"code":91313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91315,91316],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91319,779],{"class":64},[50,91321,2157],{"class":101},[50,91323,89],{"class":64},[50,91325,2479],{"class":101},[50,91327,89],{"class":64},[50,91329,2473],{"class":101},[50,91331,89],{"class":64},[50,91333,3016],{"class":101},[50,91335,89],{"class":64},[50,91337,5521],{"class":101},[50,91339,788],{"class":64},[20,91341,91342],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91344,91345],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[41,91347,91349],{"className":43,"code":91348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91350,91351],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91352,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91354,119],{"class":118},[50,91356,122],{"class":64},[50,91358,8119],{"class":1779},[50,91360,122],{"class":64},[50,91362,59816],{"class":118},[50,91364,122],{"class":64},[50,91366,3011],{"class":101},[50,91368,89],{"class":64},[50,91370,4629],{"class":101},[50,91372,89],{"class":64},[50,91374,2242],{"class":60},[50,91376,3011],{"class":101},[50,91378,1799],{"class":64},[20,91380,2091],{},[41,91382,91383],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91384,91385],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91386,91387],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91388,38106],{"class":64},[811,91390,91391,76408,91393],{"id":76632},[15,91392,75248],{},[15,91394,1215],{},[20,91396,2859],{},[41,91398,91400],{"className":43,"code":91399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91401,91402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91403,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91405,59816],{"class":118},[50,91407,122],{"class":64},[50,91409,3011],{"class":101},[50,91411,89],{"class":64},[50,91413,4629],{"class":101},[50,91415,89],{"class":64},[50,91417,1192],{"class":101},[50,91419,414],{"class":64},[20,91421,76677,91422,91424],{},[15,91423,40514],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[219,91426,8444,91428,91430,91431,91433],{"id":91427},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91429,36005],{}," in a ",[15,91432,5982],{}," loop",[20,91435,91436,91438],{},[15,91437,36005],{}," is most useful when:",[233,91440,91441,91444,91447],{},[236,91442,91443],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[236,91445,91446],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[236,91448,91449,91450],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91451,91452],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91454,253],{},[41,91456,91458],{"className":43,"code":91457,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91459,91460,91476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91461,91462,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91463,5982],{"class":1622},[50,91465,69367],{"class":56},[50,91467,1562],{"class":1622},[50,91469,53886],{"class":118},[50,91471,122],{"class":64},[50,91473,2082],{"class":101},[50,91475,8368],{"class":64},[50,91477,91478,91480,91482,91484,91487,91489,91491,91493],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91479,8094],{"class":118},[50,91481,122],{"class":64},[50,91483,69],{"class":68},[50,91485,91486],{"class":72},"Loop number:",[50,91488,69],{"class":68},[50,91490,89],{"class":64},[50,91492,35936],{"class":125},[50,91494,414],{"class":64},[20,91496,2091],{},[41,91498,91500],{"className":43,"code":91499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91501,91502,91511,91519],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91503,91504,91507,91509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91505,91506],{"class":56},"Loop number",[50,91508,78],{"class":64},[50,91510,38322],{"class":101},[50,91512,91513,91515,91517],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91514,91506],{"class":56},[50,91516,78],{"class":64},[50,91518,29416],{"class":101},[50,91520,91521,91523,91525],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,91522,91506],{"class":56},[50,91524,78],{"class":64},[50,91526,45402],{"class":101},[811,91528,91530],{"id":91529},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[41,91532,91534],{"className":43,"code":91533,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91535,91536,91552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91537,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91539,5982],{"class":1622},[50,91541,69367],{"class":56},[50,91543,1562],{"class":1622},[50,91545,53886],{"class":118},[50,91547,122],{"class":64},[50,91549,2157],{"class":101},[50,91551,8368],{"class":64},[50,91553,91554,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91555,8094],{"class":118},[50,91557,122],{"class":64},[50,91559,69],{"class":68},[50,91561,34672],{"class":72},[50,91563,69],{"class":68},[50,91565,414],{"class":64},[20,91567,91568,91569,91571],{},"This prints ",[15,91570,90237],{}," five times.",[811,91573,91575],{"id":91574},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[41,91577,91579],{"className":43,"code":91578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91580,91581,91601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91582,91583,91585,91587,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597,91599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91584,5982],{"class":1622},[50,91586,69367],{"class":56},[50,91588,1562],{"class":1622},[50,91590,53886],{"class":118},[50,91592,122],{"class":64},[50,91594,3011],{"class":101},[50,91596,89],{"class":64},[50,91598,2479],{"class":101},[50,91600,8368],{"class":64},[50,91602,91603,91605,91607,91609,91612,91614,91616,91618],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91604,8094],{"class":118},[50,91606,122],{"class":64},[50,91608,69],{"class":68},[50,91610,91611],{"class":72},"Current number is",[50,91613,69],{"class":68},[50,91615,89],{"class":64},[50,91617,35936],{"class":125},[50,91619,414],{"class":64},[20,91621,2091],{},[41,91623,91625],{"className":43,"code":91624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91626,91627,91636,91644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91628,91629,91632,91634],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91630,91631],{"class":56},"Current number ",[50,91633,12207],{"class":60},[50,91635,29416],{"class":101},[50,91637,91638,91640,91642],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91639,91631],{"class":56},[50,91641,12207],{"class":60},[50,91643,45402],{"class":101},[50,91645,91646,91648,91650],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,91647,91631],{"class":56},[50,91649,12207],{"class":60},[50,91651,2600],{"class":101},[811,91653,91655,91657],{"id":91654},"range-and-indexing",[15,91656,36005],{}," and indexing",[20,91659,91660],{},"You may see code like this:",[41,91662,91664],{"className":43,"code":91663,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91665,91666,91698,91702,91722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91667,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91669,7805],{"class":56},[50,91671,61],{"class":60},[50,91673,3652],{"class":64},[50,91675,69],{"class":68},[50,91677,380],{"class":72},[50,91679,69],{"class":68},[50,91681,89],{"class":64},[50,91683,81],{"class":68},[50,91685,4784],{"class":72},[50,91687,69],{"class":68},[50,91689,89],{"class":64},[50,91691,81],{"class":68},[50,91693,9763],{"class":72},[50,91695,69],{"class":68},[50,91697,788],{"class":64},[50,91699,91700],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91701,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,91703,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,91705,5982],{"class":1622},[50,91707,69367],{"class":56},[50,91709,1562],{"class":1622},[50,91711,53886],{"class":118},[50,91713,122],{"class":64},[50,91715,11181],{"class":118},[50,91717,122],{"class":64},[50,91719,7836],{"class":125},[50,91721,69382],{"class":64},[50,91723,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,91725,8094],{"class":118},[50,91727,122],{"class":64},[50,91729,35961],{"class":125},[50,91731,89],{"class":64},[50,91733,5990],{"class":125},[50,91735,779],{"class":64},[50,91737,35961],{"class":125},[50,91739,3911],{"class":64},[20,91741,2091],{},[41,91743,91744],{"className":43,"code":35973,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91745,91746,91752,91758],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91747,91748,91750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91749,1215],{"class":101},[50,91751,35982],{"class":56},[50,91753,91754,91756],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91755,3011],{"class":101},[50,91757,35989],{"class":56},[50,91759,91760,91762],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,91761,2076],{"class":101},[50,91763,35996],{"class":56},[20,91765,91766,91767,91771],{},"This works, and it uses ",[380,91768,91769],{"href":42169},[15,91770,42172],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91773,91774],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[41,91776,91778],{"className":43,"code":91777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91779,91780,91812,91816,91828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91781,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91783,7805],{"class":56},[50,91785,61],{"class":60},[50,91787,3652],{"class":64},[50,91789,69],{"class":68},[50,91791,380],{"class":72},[50,91793,69],{"class":68},[50,91795,89],{"class":64},[50,91797,81],{"class":68},[50,91799,4784],{"class":72},[50,91801,69],{"class":68},[50,91803,89],{"class":64},[50,91805,81],{"class":68},[50,91807,9763],{"class":72},[50,91809,69],{"class":68},[50,91811,788],{"class":64},[50,91813,91814],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91815,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,91817,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,91819,5982],{"class":1622},[50,91821,5985],{"class":56},[50,91823,1562],{"class":1622},[50,91825,5990],{"class":56},[50,91827,6417],{"class":64},[50,91829,91830,91832,91834,91836],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,91831,8094],{"class":118},[50,91833,122],{"class":64},[50,91835,23109],{"class":125},[50,91837,414],{"class":64},[20,91839,36400,91840,91845],{},[380,91841,91843],{"href":91842},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91844,35555],{}," is usually a better choice:",[41,91847,91849],{"className":43,"code":91848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91850,91851,91883,91887,91907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91852,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91854,7805],{"class":56},[50,91856,61],{"class":60},[50,91858,3652],{"class":64},[50,91860,69],{"class":68},[50,91862,380],{"class":72},[50,91864,69],{"class":68},[50,91866,89],{"class":64},[50,91868,81],{"class":68},[50,91870,4784],{"class":72},[50,91872,69],{"class":68},[50,91874,89],{"class":64},[50,91876,81],{"class":68},[50,91878,9763],{"class":72},[50,91880,69],{"class":68},[50,91882,788],{"class":64},[50,91884,91885],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91886,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,91888,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,91890,5982],{"class":1622},[50,91892,35627],{"class":56},[50,91894,89],{"class":64},[50,91896,5985],{"class":56},[50,91898,1562],{"class":1622},[50,91900,35637],{"class":118},[50,91902,122],{"class":64},[50,91904,7836],{"class":125},[50,91906,8368],{"class":64},[50,91908,91909,91911,91913,91915,91917,91919],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,91910,8094],{"class":118},[50,91912,122],{"class":64},[50,91914,35652],{"class":125},[50,91916,89],{"class":64},[50,91918,29308],{"class":125},[50,91920,414],{"class":64},[20,91922,78937,91923,129],{},[380,91924,36413,91925,36416],{"href":36412},[15,91926,35555],{},[219,91928,91930,91931,91933],{"id":91929},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91932,36005],{}," to a list",[20,91935,91936,91938],{},[15,91937,36005],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91940,91941,91942,78],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91943,24580],{},[41,91945,91947],{"className":43,"code":91946,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91948,91949],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91950,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91952,119],{"class":118},[50,91954,122],{"class":64},[50,91956,8119],{"class":1779},[50,91958,122],{"class":64},[50,91960,59816],{"class":118},[50,91962,122],{"class":64},[50,91964,2082],{"class":101},[50,91966,1799],{"class":64},[20,91968,2091],{},[41,91970,91972],{"className":43,"code":91971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91973,91974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91975,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91977,779],{"class":64},[50,91979,1215],{"class":101},[50,91981,89],{"class":64},[50,91983,5521],{"class":101},[50,91985,89],{"class":64},[50,91987,3016],{"class":101},[50,91989,788],{"class":64},[20,91991,33115],{},[233,91993,91994,91999,92002],{},[236,91995,91996,91997,41896],{},"learning how ",[15,91998,36005],{},[236,92000,92001],{},"checking your values",[236,92003,92004],{},"debugging code",[20,92006,5495],{},[41,92008,92010],{"className":43,"code":92009,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92011,92012,92026,92030,92040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92013,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92015,3647],{"class":56},[50,92017,61],{"class":60},[50,92019,53886],{"class":118},[50,92021,122],{"class":64},[50,92023,2527],{"class":101},[50,92025,414],{"class":64},[50,92027,92028],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92029,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92031,92032,92034,92036,92038],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92033,119],{"class":118},[50,92035,122],{"class":64},[50,92037,3678],{"class":125},[50,92039,414],{"class":64},[50,92041,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,92043,119],{"class":118},[50,92045,122],{"class":64},[50,92047,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92049,122],{"class":64},[50,92051,3678],{"class":125},[50,92053,1770],{"class":64},[20,92055,2091],{},[41,92057,92059],{"className":43,"code":92058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92060,92061,92075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92062,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92064,59816],{"class":118},[50,92066,122],{"class":64},[50,92068,1215],{"class":101},[50,92070,89],{"class":64},[50,92072,2479],{"class":101},[50,92074,414],{"class":64},[50,92076,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92078,779],{"class":64},[50,92080,1215],{"class":101},[50,92082,89],{"class":64},[50,92084,5521],{"class":101},[50,92086,89],{"class":64},[50,92088,3016],{"class":101},[50,92090,89],{"class":64},[50,92092,2473],{"class":101},[50,92094,788],{"class":64},[20,92096,92097,92098,10608,92100,92103],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92099,59816],{},[15,92101,92102],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[219,92105,4543],{"id":4542},[20,92107,33344,92108,129],{},[15,92109,36005],{},[811,92111,92113],{"id":92112},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92115,92116],{},"Many beginners think this:",[41,92118,92120],{"className":43,"code":92119,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92121,92122],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92123,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92125,119],{"class":118},[50,92127,122],{"class":64},[50,92129,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92131,122],{"class":64},[50,92133,59816],{"class":118},[50,92135,122],{"class":64},[50,92137,3011],{"class":101},[50,92139,89],{"class":64},[50,92141,4629],{"class":101},[50,92143,1799],{"class":64},[20,92145,92146],{},"will produce:",[41,92148,92150],{"className":43,"code":92149,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92151,92152],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92153,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92155,779],{"class":64},[50,92157,3011],{"class":101},[50,92159,89],{"class":64},[50,92161,3016],{"class":101},[50,92163,89],{"class":64},[50,92165,2473],{"class":101},[50,92167,89],{"class":64},[50,92169,2479],{"class":101},[50,92171,89],{"class":64},[50,92173,4629],{"class":101},[50,92175,788],{"class":64},[20,92177,92178],{},"But the real output is:",[41,92180,92181],{"className":43,"code":53321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92182,92183],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92184,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92186,779],{"class":64},[50,92188,3011],{"class":101},[50,92190,89],{"class":64},[50,92192,3016],{"class":101},[50,92194,89],{"class":64},[50,92196,2473],{"class":101},[50,92198,89],{"class":64},[50,92200,2479],{"class":101},[50,92202,788],{"class":64},[20,92204,92205],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[811,92207,1686,92209,92211,92212],{"id":92208},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92210,90673],{}," starts at ",[15,92213,3011],{},[20,92215,37276,92216,18953,92218,129],{},[15,92217,1215],{},[15,92219,3011],{},[41,92221,92222],{"className":43,"code":90866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92223,92224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92225,92226,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92227,119],{"class":118},[50,92229,122],{"class":64},[50,92231,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92233,122],{"class":64},[50,92235,59816],{"class":118},[50,92237,122],{"class":64},[50,92239,2157],{"class":101},[50,92241,1799],{"class":64},[20,92243,2091],{},[41,92245,92246],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92247,92248],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92249,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92251,779],{"class":64},[50,92253,1215],{"class":101},[50,92255,89],{"class":64},[50,92257,5521],{"class":101},[50,92259,89],{"class":64},[50,92261,3016],{"class":101},[50,92263,89],{"class":64},[50,92265,2473],{"class":101},[50,92267,89],{"class":64},[50,92269,2479],{"class":101},[50,92271,788],{"class":64},[811,92273,92275],{"id":92274},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92277,92278,92279,78],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92280,2980],{},[41,92282,92284],{"className":43,"code":92283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92285,92286,92305,92309,92326],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92287,92288,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92289,92290],{"class":56},"user_number ",[50,92292,61],{"class":60},[50,92294,8268],{"class":118},[50,92296,122],{"class":64},[50,92298,69],{"class":68},[50,92300,41682],{"class":72},[50,92302,69],{"class":68},[50,92304,414],{"class":64},[50,92306,92307],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92308,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92310,92311,92313,92315,92317,92319,92321,92324],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92312,5982],{"class":1622},[50,92314,69367],{"class":56},[50,92316,1562],{"class":1622},[50,92318,53886],{"class":118},[50,92320,122],{"class":64},[50,92322,92323],{"class":125},"user_number",[50,92325,8368],{"class":64},[50,92327,92328,92330,92332,92334],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,92329,8094],{"class":118},[50,92331,122],{"class":64},[50,92333,35961],{"class":125},[50,92335,414],{"class":64},[20,92337,48324,92338,92340],{},[15,92339,2980],{}," returns a string.",[20,92342,10827],{},[41,92344,92346],{"className":43,"code":92345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92347,92348,92370,92374,92390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92349,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92351,92290],{"class":56},[50,92353,61],{"class":60},[50,92355,45089],{"class":1779},[50,92357,122],{"class":64},[50,92359,42274],{"class":118},[50,92361,122],{"class":64},[50,92363,69],{"class":68},[50,92365,41682],{"class":72},[50,92367,69],{"class":68},[50,92369,1770],{"class":64},[50,92371,92372],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92373,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92375,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92377,5982],{"class":1622},[50,92379,69367],{"class":56},[50,92381,1562],{"class":1622},[50,92383,53886],{"class":118},[50,92385,122],{"class":64},[50,92387,92323],{"class":125},[50,92389,8368],{"class":64},[50,92391,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,92393,8094],{"class":118},[50,92395,122],{"class":64},[50,92397,35961],{"class":125},[50,92399,414],{"class":64},[20,92401,92402,92403,129],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[380,92404,50338,92405],{"href":50337},[15,92406,50341],{},[811,92408,92410,92411,92413,92414],{"id":92409},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92412,35879],{}," smaller than ",[15,92415,75245],{},[20,92417,92418],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[41,92420,92421],{"className":43,"code":91348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92422,92423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92424,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92426,119],{"class":118},[50,92428,122],{"class":64},[50,92430,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92432,122],{"class":64},[50,92434,59816],{"class":118},[50,92436,122],{"class":64},[50,92438,3011],{"class":101},[50,92440,89],{"class":64},[50,92442,4629],{"class":101},[50,92444,89],{"class":64},[50,92446,2242],{"class":60},[50,92448,3011],{"class":101},[50,92450,1799],{"class":64},[20,92452,2091],{},[41,92454,92455],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92456,92457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92458,92459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92460,38106],{"class":64},[20,92462,92463],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[811,92465,25416,92467],{"id":92466},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92468,92469],{},"step = 0",[20,92471,77388],{},[41,92473,92475],{"className":43,"code":92474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92476,92477],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92478,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92480,59816],{"class":118},[50,92482,122],{"class":64},[50,92484,3011],{"class":101},[50,92486,89],{"class":64},[50,92488,1144],{"class":101},[50,92490,89],{"class":64},[50,92492,1192],{"class":101},[50,92494,414],{"class":64},[20,92496,92497],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[811,92499,1678,92501,92503],{"id":92500},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92502,36005],{}," is not a list",[20,92505,92506],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[41,92508,92510],{"className":43,"code":92509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92511,92512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92513,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92515,119],{"class":118},[50,92517,122],{"class":64},[50,92519,59816],{"class":118},[50,92521,122],{"class":64},[50,92523,2157],{"class":101},[50,92525,1770],{"class":64},[20,92527,2091],{},[41,92529,92531],{"className":43,"code":92530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92532,92533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92534,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92536,59816],{"class":118},[50,92538,122],{"class":64},[50,92540,1215],{"class":101},[50,92542,89],{"class":64},[50,92544,4629],{"class":101},[50,92546,414],{"class":64},[20,92548,92549],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[41,92551,92552],{"className":43,"code":90866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92553,92554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92555,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92557,119],{"class":118},[50,92559,122],{"class":64},[50,92561,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92563,122],{"class":64},[50,92565,59816],{"class":118},[50,92567,122],{"class":64},[50,92569,2157],{"class":101},[50,92571,1799],{"class":64},[20,92573,2091],{},[41,92575,92576],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92577,92578],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92581,779],{"class":64},[50,92583,1215],{"class":101},[50,92585,89],{"class":64},[50,92587,5521],{"class":101},[50,92589,89],{"class":64},[50,92591,3016],{"class":101},[50,92593,89],{"class":64},[50,92595,2473],{"class":101},[50,92597,89],{"class":64},[50,92599,2479],{"class":101},[50,92601,788],{"class":64},[219,92603,92605],{"id":92604},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92607,8904,92608,82159],{},[15,92609,36005],{},[41,92611,92613],{"className":43,"code":92612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92614,92615,92629,92647,92669,92697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92616,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625,92627],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92618,119],{"class":118},[50,92620,122],{"class":64},[50,92622,59816],{"class":118},[50,92624,122],{"class":64},[50,92626,2157],{"class":101},[50,92628,1770],{"class":64},[50,92630,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92632,119],{"class":118},[50,92634,122],{"class":64},[50,92636,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92638,122],{"class":64},[50,92640,59816],{"class":118},[50,92642,122],{"class":64},[50,92644,2157],{"class":101},[50,92646,1799],{"class":64},[50,92648,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92650,119],{"class":118},[50,92652,122],{"class":64},[50,92654,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92656,122],{"class":64},[50,92658,59816],{"class":118},[50,92660,122],{"class":64},[50,92662,2076],{"class":101},[50,92664,89],{"class":64},[50,92666,1158],{"class":101},[50,92668,1799],{"class":64},[50,92670,92671,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,92672,119],{"class":118},[50,92674,122],{"class":64},[50,92676,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92678,122],{"class":64},[50,92680,59816],{"class":118},[50,92682,122],{"class":64},[50,92684,2352],{"class":101},[50,92686,89],{"class":64},[50,92688,1192],{"class":101},[50,92690,89],{"class":64},[50,92692,2242],{"class":60},[50,92694,2076],{"class":101},[50,92696,1799],{"class":64},[50,92698,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711,92713],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,92700,119],{"class":118},[50,92702,122],{"class":64},[50,92704,1780],{"class":1779},[50,92706,122],{"class":64},[50,92708,59816],{"class":118},[50,92710,122],{"class":64},[50,92712,2157],{"class":101},[50,92714,1799],{"class":64},[20,92716,25808],{},[233,92718,92719,92722,92725],{},[236,92720,92721],{},"what values are being created",[236,92723,92724],{},"whether the direction is correct",[236,92726,92727,92728,24416],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92729,59816],{},[219,92731,1857],{"id":1856},[811,92733,1861,92735,92737],{"id":92734},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92736,36005],{}," include the last number?",[20,92739,92740],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[811,92742,5180,92744,92746,92747,1867],{"id":92743},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92745,90673],{}," start at ",[15,92748,1215],{},[20,92750,92751,92752,129],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92753,1215],{},[811,92755,5192,92757,92759],{"id":92756},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92758,36005],{}," count backward?",[20,92761,92762,92763,129],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92764,92765],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[811,92767,14907,92769,25843],{"id":92768},"is-range-a-list",[15,92770,36005],{},[20,92772,25846,92773,92775,92776,23737],{},[15,92774,59816],{}," object. Use ",[15,92777,92778],{},"list(range(...))",[811,92780,5180,92782,48498],{"id":92781},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92783,92784],{},"range(input())",[20,92786,92787,3511,92789,129],{},[15,92788,2980],{},[15,92790,92791],{},"int(input())",[219,92793,1909],{"id":1908},[233,92795,92796,92800,92806,92812,92818],{},[236,92797,92798],{},[380,92799,35835],{"href":35834},[236,92801,92802],{},[380,92803,3603,92804,3536],{"href":42169},[15,92805,42172],{},[236,92807,92808],{},[380,92809,3603,92810,3536],{"href":91842},[15,92811,35555],{},[236,92813,92814],{},[380,92815,37327,92816,36416],{"href":36412},[15,92817,35555],{},[236,92819,92820],{},[380,92821,50338,92822],{"href":50337},[15,92823,50341],{},[1944,92825,92826],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":92828},[92829,92830,92832,92838,92846,92853,92855,92867,92868,92880],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":90682,"depth":108,"text":92831},"What range() does",{"id":90775,"depth":108,"text":92833,"children":92834},"range() syntax",[92835,92836,92837],{"id":90855,"depth":115,"text":90858},{"id":90919,"depth":115,"text":90922},{"id":90987,"depth":115,"text":90990},{"id":91058,"depth":108,"text":91059,"children":92839},[92840,92841,92842,92843,92844],{"id":91065,"depth":115,"text":90673},{"id":91128,"depth":115,"text":91131},{"id":91192,"depth":115,"text":91195},{"id":91268,"depth":115,"text":91269},{"id":76632,"depth":115,"text":92845},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91427,"depth":108,"text":92847,"children":92848},"Using range() in a for loop",[92849,92850,92851],{"id":91529,"depth":115,"text":91530},{"id":91574,"depth":115,"text":91575},{"id":91654,"depth":115,"text":92852},"range() and indexing",{"id":91929,"depth":108,"text":92854},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":92856},[92857,92858,92860,92861,92863,92865],{"id":92112,"depth":115,"text":92113},{"id":92208,"depth":115,"text":92859},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92274,"depth":115,"text":92275},{"id":92409,"depth":115,"text":92862},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92466,"depth":115,"text":92864},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92500,"depth":115,"text":92866},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92604,"depth":108,"text":92605},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":92869},[92870,92872,92874,92876,92878],{"id":92734,"depth":115,"text":92871},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92743,"depth":115,"text":92873},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92756,"depth":115,"text":92875},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92768,"depth":115,"text":92877},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92781,"depth":115,"text":92879},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90576,"description":92881},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92888,"title":92889,"body":92890,"description":94563,"extension":1981,"meta":94564,"navigation":111,"path":94565,"seo":94566,"stem":94567,"__hash__":94568},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92891,"toc":94536},[92892,92901,92908,92925,92941,92943,92992,93000,93004,93007,93027,93029,93093,93095,93138,93141,93187,93189,93222,93232,93238,93246,93263,93265,93296,93298,93323,93328,93339,93342,93412,93414,93445,93450,93455,93472,93474,93525,93527,93560,93563,93570,93575,93579,93595,93597,93641,93643,93689,93692,93705,93710,93714,93728,93730,93781,93783,93816,93821,93823,93830,93832,93855,93857,93922,93924,93941,93944,93977,93979,94007,94017,94024,94028,94031,94049,94052,94080,94083,94101,94106,94112,94115,94137,94139,94167,94169,94172,94197,94200,94313,94315,94394,94396,94402,94407,94415,94423,94427,94430,94432,94465,94467,94475,94481,94488,94495,94498,94500,94533],[10,92893,3603,92895,10608,92897,92900],{"id":92894},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92896,36005],{},[15,92898,92899],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92902,92903,1846,92905,92907],{},[15,92904,36005],{},[15,92906,92899],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[233,92909,92910,92918],{},[236,92911,92912,92914,92915],{},[15,92913,36005],{}," creates a ",[997,92916,92917],{},"range object",[236,92919,92920,92914,92922],{},[15,92921,92899],{},[997,92923,92924],{},"real list",[20,92926,92927,92928,92930,92931,92934,92935,92937,92938,92940],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92929,90673],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92932,92933],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92936,36005],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92939,92899],{}," when you actually need a list.",[219,92942,3637],{"id":3636},[41,92944,92946],{"className":43,"code":92945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92947,92948,92962,92975],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92949,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92951,3647],{"class":56},[50,92953,61],{"class":60},[50,92955,53886],{"class":118},[50,92957,122],{"class":64},[50,92959,2157],{"class":101},[50,92961,414],{"class":64},[50,92963,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92965,119],{"class":118},[50,92967,122],{"class":64},[50,92969,3678],{"class":125},[50,92971,1206],{"class":64},[50,92973,92974],{"class":146},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[50,92976,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92978,119],{"class":118},[50,92980,122],{"class":64},[50,92982,8119],{"class":1779},[50,92984,122],{"class":64},[50,92986,3678],{"class":125},[50,92988,143],{"class":64},[50,92990,92991],{"class":146},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92993,212,92994,92996,92997,92999],{},[15,92995,36005],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92998,92899],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[219,93001,93003],{"id":93002},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93005,93006],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[233,93008,93009,93016,93021,93024],{},[236,93010,93011,21773,93013,93015],{},[15,93012,36005],{},[997,93014,92917],{},", not a list",[236,93017,93018,93020],{},[15,93019,92899],{}," converts that range object into a list",[236,93022,93023],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[236,93025,93026],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93028,253],{},[41,93030,93032],{"className":43,"code":93031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93033,93034,93049,93068,93072,93082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93035,93036,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93037,93038],{"class":56},"r ",[50,93040,61],{"class":60},[50,93042,53886],{"class":118},[50,93044,122],{"class":64},[50,93046,2157],{"class":101},[50,93048,414],{"class":64},[50,93050,93051,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93052,93053],{"class":56},"lst ",[50,93055,61],{"class":60},[50,93057,22358],{"class":1779},[50,93059,122],{"class":64},[50,93061,59816],{"class":118},[50,93063,122],{"class":64},[50,93065,2157],{"class":101},[50,93067,1770],{"class":64},[50,93069,93070],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93071,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93073,93074,93076,93078,93080],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,93075,119],{"class":118},[50,93077,122],{"class":64},[50,93079,60323],{"class":125},[50,93081,414],{"class":64},[50,93083,93084,93086,93088,93091],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,93085,119],{"class":118},[50,93087,122],{"class":64},[50,93089,93090],{"class":125},"lst",[50,93092,414],{"class":64},[20,93094,2091],{},[41,93096,93098],{"className":43,"code":93097,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93099,93100,93114],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93101,93102,93104,93106,93108,93110,93112],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93103,59816],{"class":118},[50,93105,122],{"class":64},[50,93107,1215],{"class":101},[50,93109,89],{"class":64},[50,93111,4629],{"class":101},[50,93113,414],{"class":64},[50,93115,93116,93118,93120,93122,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93117,779],{"class":64},[50,93119,1215],{"class":101},[50,93121,89],{"class":64},[50,93123,5521],{"class":101},[50,93125,89],{"class":64},[50,93127,3016],{"class":101},[50,93129,89],{"class":64},[50,93131,2473],{"class":101},[50,93133,89],{"class":64},[50,93135,2479],{"class":101},[50,93137,788],{"class":64},[20,93139,93140],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[41,93142,93144],{"className":43,"code":93143,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93145,93146,93164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93147,93148,93150,93152,93154,93156,93158,93160,93162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93149,119],{"class":118},[50,93151,122],{"class":64},[50,93153,1780],{"class":1779},[50,93155,122],{"class":64},[50,93157,59816],{"class":118},[50,93159,122],{"class":64},[50,93161,2157],{"class":101},[50,93163,1799],{"class":64},[50,93165,93166,93168,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180,93182,93184],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93167,119],{"class":118},[50,93169,122],{"class":64},[50,93171,1780],{"class":1779},[50,93173,122],{"class":64},[50,93175,8119],{"class":1779},[50,93177,122],{"class":64},[50,93179,59816],{"class":118},[50,93181,122],{"class":64},[50,93183,2157],{"class":101},[50,93185,93186],{"class":64},"))))\n",[20,93188,2091],{},[41,93190,93192],{"className":43,"code":93191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93193,93194,93208],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93195,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93197,3315],{"class":60},[50,93199,3318],{"class":2085},[50,93201,3321],{"class":68},[50,93203,59816],{"class":72},[50,93205,1736],{"class":68},[50,93207,3328],{"class":60},[50,93209,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218,93220],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93211,3315],{"class":60},[50,93213,3318],{"class":2085},[50,93215,3321],{"class":68},[50,93217,8119],{"class":72},[50,93219,1736],{"class":68},[50,93221,3328],{"class":60},[20,93223,93224,93225,93227,93228,129],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93226,36005],{}," works, see ",[380,93229,3603,93230,3536],{"href":92883},[15,93231,36005],{},[219,93233,222,93235,93237],{"id":93234},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93236,36005],{}," gives you",[20,93239,93240,93242,93243,93245],{},[15,93241,36005],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93244,5982],{}," loops.",[233,93247,93248,93251,93254,93257],{},[236,93249,93250],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[236,93252,93253],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[236,93255,93256],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[236,93258,93259,93260],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93261,93262],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93264,253],{},[41,93266,93268],{"className":43,"code":93267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93269,93270,93286],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93271,93272,93274,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93273,5982],{"class":1622},[50,93275,69367],{"class":56},[50,93277,1562],{"class":1622},[50,93279,53886],{"class":118},[50,93281,122],{"class":64},[50,93283,2157],{"class":101},[50,93285,8368],{"class":64},[50,93287,93288,93290,93292,93294],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93289,8094],{"class":118},[50,93291,122],{"class":64},[50,93293,35961],{"class":125},[50,93295,414],{"class":64},[20,93297,2091],{},[41,93299,93301],{"className":43,"code":93300,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93302,93303,93307,93311,93315,93319],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93304,93305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93306,47065],{"class":101},[50,93308,93309],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93310,46730],{"class":101},[50,93312,93313],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93314,17055],{"class":101},[50,93316,93317],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,93318,46430],{"class":101},[50,93320,93321],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,93322,48464],{"class":101},[20,93324,1212,93325,93327],{},[15,93326,90673],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93329,93330,93331,93333,93334,129],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93332,36005],{}," is so common with ",[380,93335,3603,93337,90704],{"href":93336},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93338,5982],{},[20,93340,93341],{},"You can also inspect it:",[41,93343,93345],{"className":43,"code":93344,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93346,93347,93369,93373,93383,93397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93348,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93350,93038],{"class":56},[50,93352,61],{"class":60},[50,93354,53886],{"class":118},[50,93356,122],{"class":64},[50,93358,2076],{"class":101},[50,93360,89],{"class":64},[50,93362,1144],{"class":101},[50,93364,89],{"class":64},[50,93366,3016],{"class":101},[50,93368,414],{"class":64},[50,93370,93371],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93372,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93374,93375,93377,93379,93381],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93376,119],{"class":118},[50,93378,122],{"class":64},[50,93380,60323],{"class":125},[50,93382,414],{"class":64},[50,93384,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,93386,119],{"class":118},[50,93388,122],{"class":64},[50,93390,11181],{"class":118},[50,93392,122],{"class":64},[50,93394,60323],{"class":125},[50,93396,1770],{"class":64},[50,93398,93399,93401,93403,93405,93407,93410],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,93400,119],{"class":118},[50,93402,122],{"class":64},[50,93404,80413],{"class":101},[50,93406,1623],{"class":1622},[50,93408,93409],{"class":125}," r",[50,93411,414],{"class":64},[20,93413,2091],{},[41,93415,93417],{"className":43,"code":93416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93418,93419,93437,93441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93420,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431,93433,93435],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93422,59816],{"class":118},[50,93424,122],{"class":64},[50,93426,2076],{"class":101},[50,93428,89],{"class":64},[50,93430,1144],{"class":101},[50,93432,89],{"class":64},[50,93434,3016],{"class":101},[50,93436,414],{"class":64},[50,93438,93439],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93440,48464],{"class":101},[50,93442,93443],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93444,4002],{"class":1494},[219,93446,222,93448,93237],{"id":93447},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93449,92899],{},[20,93451,93452,93454],{},[15,93453,92899],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[233,93456,93457,93460,93463,93466],{},[236,93458,93459],{},"It creates all values at once",[236,93461,93462],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[236,93464,93465],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[236,93467,93468,93469,93471],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93470,36005],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93473,253],{},[41,93475,93477],{"className":43,"code":93476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93478,93479,93497,93501,93511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93480,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93482,3647],{"class":56},[50,93484,61],{"class":60},[50,93486,22358],{"class":1779},[50,93488,122],{"class":64},[50,93490,59816],{"class":118},[50,93492,122],{"class":64},[50,93494,2157],{"class":101},[50,93496,1770],{"class":64},[50,93498,93499],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93500,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93502,93503,93505,93507,93509],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93504,119],{"class":118},[50,93506,122],{"class":64},[50,93508,3678],{"class":125},[50,93510,414],{"class":64},[50,93512,93513,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,93514,119],{"class":118},[50,93516,122],{"class":64},[50,93518,3678],{"class":125},[50,93520,779],{"class":64},[50,93522,2076],{"class":101},[50,93524,3911],{"class":64},[20,93526,2091],{},[41,93528,93530],{"className":43,"code":93529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93531,93532,93556],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93533,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550,93552,93554],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93535,779],{"class":64},[50,93537,1215],{"class":101},[50,93539,89],{"class":64},[50,93541,5521],{"class":101},[50,93543,89],{"class":64},[50,93545,3016],{"class":101},[50,93547,89],{"class":64},[50,93549,2473],{"class":101},[50,93551,89],{"class":64},[50,93553,2479],{"class":101},[50,93555,788],{"class":64},[50,93557,93558],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93559,17055],{"class":101},[20,93561,93562],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93564,93565,93566,129],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[380,93567,3603,93568,3536],{"href":64666},[15,93569,24580],{},[219,93571,582,93573],{"id":93572},"when-to-use-range",[15,93574,36005],{},[20,93576,212,93577,589],{},[15,93578,36005],{},[233,93580,93581,93586,93589,93592],{},[236,93582,93583,93584,91433],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93585,5982],{},[236,93587,93588],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[236,93590,93591],{},"You are working with large sequences",[236,93593,93594],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93596,253],{},[41,93598,93600],{"className":43,"code":93599,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93601,93602,93622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93603,93604,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93605,5982],{"class":1622},[50,93607,69367],{"class":56},[50,93609,1562],{"class":1622},[50,93611,53886],{"class":118},[50,93613,122],{"class":64},[50,93615,3011],{"class":101},[50,93617,89],{"class":64},[50,93619,37452],{"class":101},[50,93621,8368],{"class":64},[50,93623,93624,93626,93628,93630,93633,93635,93637,93639],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93625,8094],{"class":118},[50,93627,122],{"class":64},[50,93629,69],{"class":68},[50,93631,93632],{"class":72},"Count:",[50,93634,69],{"class":68},[50,93636,89],{"class":64},[50,93638,35936],{"class":125},[50,93640,414],{"class":64},[20,93642,2091],{},[41,93644,93646],{"className":43,"code":93645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93647,93648,93657,93665,93673,93681],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93649,93650,93653,93655],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93651,93652],{"class":56},"Count",[50,93654,78],{"class":64},[50,93656,29416],{"class":101},[50,93658,93659,93661,93663],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93660,93652],{"class":56},[50,93662,78],{"class":64},[50,93664,45402],{"class":101},[50,93666,93667,93669,93671],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93668,93652],{"class":56},[50,93670,78],{"class":64},[50,93672,2600],{"class":101},[50,93674,93675,93677,93679],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,93676,93652],{"class":56},[50,93678,78],{"class":64},[50,93680,23462],{"class":101},[50,93682,93683,93685,93687],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,93684,93652],{"class":56},[50,93686,78],{"class":64},[50,93688,34647],{"class":101},[20,93690,93691],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93693,93694,93695,93697,93698,62106,93700,129],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93696,35555],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93699,36406],{},[380,93701,36413,93703,36416],{"href":93702},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93704,35555],{},[219,93706,582,93708],{"id":93707},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93709,92899],{},[20,93711,212,93712,589],{},[15,93713,92899],{},[233,93715,93716,93719,93722,93725],{},[236,93717,93718],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[236,93720,93721],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[236,93723,93724],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[236,93726,93727],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93729,253],{},[41,93731,93733],{"className":43,"code":93732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93734,93735,93753,93767,93771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93736,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93738,3647],{"class":56},[50,93740,61],{"class":60},[50,93742,22358],{"class":1779},[50,93744,122],{"class":64},[50,93746,59816],{"class":118},[50,93748,122],{"class":64},[50,93750,2157],{"class":101},[50,93752,1770],{"class":64},[50,93754,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93756,3678],{"class":56},[50,93758,129],{"class":64},[50,93760,13561],{"class":125},[50,93762,122],{"class":64},[50,93764,2157],{"class":101},[50,93766,414],{"class":64},[50,93768,93769],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93770,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93772,93773,93775,93777,93779],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,93774,119],{"class":118},[50,93776,122],{"class":64},[50,93778,3678],{"class":125},[50,93780,414],{"class":64},[20,93782,2091],{},[41,93784,93786],{"className":43,"code":93785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93787,93788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93789,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93791,779],{"class":64},[50,93793,1215],{"class":101},[50,93795,89],{"class":64},[50,93797,5521],{"class":101},[50,93799,89],{"class":64},[50,93801,3016],{"class":101},[50,93803,89],{"class":64},[50,93805,2473],{"class":101},[50,93807,89],{"class":64},[50,93809,2479],{"class":101},[50,93811,89],{"class":64},[50,93813,4629],{"class":101},[50,93815,788],{"class":64},[20,93817,6084,93818,93820],{},[15,93819,3678],{}," is a list.",[219,93822,15598],{"id":15597},[20,93824,93825,93827,93828,129],{},[15,93826,36005],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[997,93829,37406],{},[20,93831,2128],{},[233,93833,93834,93836,93841,93846,93849],{},[236,93835,21783],{},[236,93837,93838,93839],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93840,42172],{},[236,93842,93843,93844],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93845,1562],{},[236,93847,93848],{},"You can index it",[236,93850,93851,93852,93854],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93853,52468],{}," do not work on it",[20,93856,253],{},[41,93858,93860],{"className":43,"code":93859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93861,93862,93876,93880,93894,93908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93863,93864,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93865,93038],{"class":56},[50,93867,61],{"class":60},[50,93869,53886],{"class":118},[50,93871,122],{"class":64},[50,93873,2157],{"class":101},[50,93875,414],{"class":64},[50,93877,93878],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93879,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93881,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93883,119],{"class":118},[50,93885,122],{"class":64},[50,93887,60323],{"class":125},[50,93889,779],{"class":64},[50,93891,2076],{"class":101},[50,93893,3911],{"class":64},[50,93895,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,93897,119],{"class":118},[50,93899,122],{"class":64},[50,93901,11181],{"class":118},[50,93903,122],{"class":64},[50,93905,60323],{"class":125},[50,93907,1770],{"class":64},[50,93909,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,93911,119],{"class":118},[50,93913,122],{"class":64},[50,93915,2082],{"class":101},[50,93917,1623],{"class":1622},[50,93919,93409],{"class":125},[50,93921,414],{"class":64},[20,93923,2091],{},[41,93925,93927],{"className":43,"code":93926,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93928,93929,93933,93937],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93930,93931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93932,17055],{"class":101},[50,93934,93935],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93936,2969],{"class":101},[50,93938,93939],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93940,4002],{"class":1494},[20,93942,93943],{},"Now compare that with this:",[41,93945,93947],{"className":43,"code":93946,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93948,93949,93963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93950,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93952,93038],{"class":56},[50,93954,61],{"class":60},[50,93956,53886],{"class":118},[50,93958,122],{"class":64},[50,93960,2157],{"class":101},[50,93962,414],{"class":64},[50,93964,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93966,60323],{"class":56},[50,93968,129],{"class":64},[50,93970,13561],{"class":125},[50,93972,122],{"class":64},[50,93974,2157],{"class":101},[50,93976,414],{"class":64},[20,93978,2091],{},[41,93980,93982],{"className":43,"code":93981,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93983,93984],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93985,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998,94001,94003,94005],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93987,25471],{"class":1779},[50,93989,78],{"class":64},[50,93991,3321],{"class":68},[50,93993,59816],{"class":72},[50,93995,1736],{"class":68},[50,93997,24416],{"class":1779},[50,93999,94000],{"class":56}," has no attribute ",[50,94002,1736],{"class":68},[50,94004,13561],{"class":72},[50,94006,29501],{"class":68},[20,94008,94009,94010,32,94012,2213,94014,94016],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94011,52468],{},[15,94013,55345],{},[15,94015,64130],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94018,94019,94020,129],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[380,94021,25479,94022],{"href":35225},[15,94023,34059],{},[219,94025,94027],{"id":94026},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94029,94030],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[41,94032,94033],{"className":43,"code":92509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94034,94035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94036,94037,94039,94041,94043,94045,94047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94038,119],{"class":118},[50,94040,122],{"class":64},[50,94042,59816],{"class":118},[50,94044,122],{"class":64},[50,94046,2157],{"class":101},[50,94048,1770],{"class":64},[20,94050,94051],{},"to show:",[41,94053,94054],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94055,94056],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94057,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94059,779],{"class":64},[50,94061,1215],{"class":101},[50,94063,89],{"class":64},[50,94065,5521],{"class":101},[50,94067,89],{"class":64},[50,94069,3016],{"class":101},[50,94071,89],{"class":64},[50,94073,2473],{"class":101},[50,94075,89],{"class":64},[50,94077,2479],{"class":101},[50,94079,788],{"class":64},[20,94081,94082],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[41,94084,94085],{"className":43,"code":92530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94086,94087],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94088,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94090,59816],{"class":118},[50,94092,122],{"class":64},[50,94094,1215],{"class":101},[50,94096,89],{"class":64},[50,94098,4629],{"class":101},[50,94100,414],{"class":64},[20,94102,4652,94103,94105],{},[997,94104,1262],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94107,94108,94109,94111],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[997,94110,92917],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94113,94114],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[41,94116,94117],{"className":43,"code":90866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94118,94119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94120,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94122,119],{"class":118},[50,94124,122],{"class":64},[50,94126,8119],{"class":1779},[50,94128,122],{"class":64},[50,94130,59816],{"class":118},[50,94132,122],{"class":64},[50,94134,2157],{"class":101},[50,94136,1799],{"class":64},[20,94138,2091],{},[41,94140,94141],{"className":43,"code":59839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94142,94143],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94146,779],{"class":64},[50,94148,1215],{"class":101},[50,94150,89],{"class":64},[50,94152,5521],{"class":101},[50,94154,89],{"class":64},[50,94156,3016],{"class":101},[50,94158,89],{"class":64},[50,94160,2473],{"class":101},[50,94162,89],{"class":64},[50,94164,2479],{"class":101},[50,94166,788],{"class":64},[219,94168,1663],{"id":1662},[20,94170,94171],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[233,94173,94174,94180,94183,94189],{},[236,94175,8444,94176,94179],{},[15,94177,94178],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[236,94181,94182],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[236,94184,94185,94186,94188],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94187,36005],{}," is iterable but not a list",[236,94190,8444,94191,94193,94194,94196],{},[15,94192,92899],{}," when plain ",[15,94195,36005],{}," would be simpler",[20,94198,94199],{},"These quick checks can help:",[41,94201,94203],{"className":43,"code":94202,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94204,94205,94219,94237,94255,94277,94295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94206,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94208,119],{"class":118},[50,94210,122],{"class":64},[50,94212,59816],{"class":118},[50,94214,122],{"class":64},[50,94216,2157],{"class":101},[50,94218,1770],{"class":64},[50,94220,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94222,119],{"class":118},[50,94224,122],{"class":64},[50,94226,8119],{"class":1779},[50,94228,122],{"class":64},[50,94230,59816],{"class":118},[50,94232,122],{"class":64},[50,94234,2157],{"class":101},[50,94236,1799],{"class":64},[50,94238,94239,94241,94243,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94240,119],{"class":118},[50,94242,122],{"class":64},[50,94244,1780],{"class":1779},[50,94246,122],{"class":64},[50,94248,59816],{"class":118},[50,94250,122],{"class":64},[50,94252,2157],{"class":101},[50,94254,1799],{"class":64},[50,94256,94257,94259,94261,94263,94265,94267,94269,94271,94273,94275],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,94258,119],{"class":118},[50,94260,122],{"class":64},[50,94262,1780],{"class":1779},[50,94264,122],{"class":64},[50,94266,8119],{"class":1779},[50,94268,122],{"class":64},[50,94270,59816],{"class":118},[50,94272,122],{"class":64},[50,94274,2157],{"class":101},[50,94276,93186],{"class":64},[50,94278,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,94280,119],{"class":118},[50,94282,122],{"class":64},[50,94284,2082],{"class":101},[50,94286,1623],{"class":1622},[50,94288,53886],{"class":118},[50,94290,122],{"class":64},[50,94292,2157],{"class":101},[50,94294,1770],{"class":64},[50,94296,94297,94299,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,94298,119],{"class":118},[50,94300,122],{"class":64},[50,94302,11181],{"class":118},[50,94304,122],{"class":64},[50,94306,59816],{"class":118},[50,94308,122],{"class":64},[50,94310,2157],{"class":101},[50,94312,1799],{"class":64},[20,94314,2091],{},[41,94316,94318],{"className":43,"code":94317,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94319,94320,94334,94358,94372,94386,94390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94321,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94323,59816],{"class":118},[50,94325,122],{"class":64},[50,94327,1215],{"class":101},[50,94329,89],{"class":64},[50,94331,4629],{"class":101},[50,94333,414],{"class":64},[50,94335,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94337,779],{"class":64},[50,94339,1215],{"class":101},[50,94341,89],{"class":64},[50,94343,5521],{"class":101},[50,94345,89],{"class":64},[50,94347,3016],{"class":101},[50,94349,89],{"class":64},[50,94351,2473],{"class":101},[50,94353,89],{"class":64},[50,94355,2479],{"class":101},[50,94357,788],{"class":64},[50,94359,94360,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94361,3315],{"class":60},[50,94363,3318],{"class":2085},[50,94365,3321],{"class":68},[50,94367,59816],{"class":72},[50,94369,1736],{"class":68},[50,94371,3328],{"class":60},[50,94373,94374,94376,94378,94380,94382,94384],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,94375,3315],{"class":60},[50,94377,3318],{"class":2085},[50,94379,3321],{"class":68},[50,94381,8119],{"class":72},[50,94383,1736],{"class":68},[50,94385,3328],{"class":60},[50,94387,94388],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,94389,4002],{"class":1494},[50,94391,94392],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,94393,2969],{"class":101},[219,94395,1857],{"id":1856},[811,94397,14907,94399,94401],{"id":94398},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94400,36005],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94403,46178,94404,94406],{},[15,94405,36005],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[811,94408,94410,94411,11111,94413,1867],{"id":94409},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94412,36005],{},[15,94414,92899],{},[20,94416,94417,94419,94420,94422],{},[15,94418,36005],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94421,92899],{}," creates a full list.",[811,94424,94426],{"id":94425},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94428,94429],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94431,253],{},[41,94433,94435],{"className":43,"code":94434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94436,94437,94451],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94438,94439,94441,94443,94445,94447,94449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94440,93038],{"class":56},[50,94442,61],{"class":60},[50,94444,53886],{"class":118},[50,94446,122],{"class":64},[50,94448,2157],{"class":101},[50,94450,414],{"class":64},[50,94452,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94454,119],{"class":118},[50,94456,122],{"class":64},[50,94458,60323],{"class":125},[50,94460,779],{"class":64},[50,94462,3011],{"class":101},[50,94464,3911],{"class":64},[20,94466,2091],{},[41,94468,94469],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94470,94471],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94472,94473],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94474,46730],{"class":101},[811,94476,5180,94478,94480],{"id":94477},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94479,94178],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94482,94483,94484,94487],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94485,94486],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[811,94489,94491,94492,94494],{"id":94490},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94493,36005],{}," to a list?",[20,94496,94497],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[219,94499,1909],{"id":1908},[233,94501,94502,94508,94514,94521,94527],{},[236,94503,94504],{},[380,94505,3603,94506,3536],{"href":92883},[15,94507,36005],{},[236,94509,94510],{},[380,94511,3603,94512,3536],{"href":64666},[15,94513,24580],{},[236,94515,94516],{},[380,94517,3603,94518,94520],{"href":93336},[15,94519,5982],{}," loops explained",[236,94522,94523],{},[380,94524,37327,94525,36416],{"href":93702},[15,94526,35555],{},[236,94528,94529],{},[380,94530,25922,94531],{"href":35225},[15,94532,34059],{},[1944,94534,94535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":94537},[94538,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94549,94550,94551,94562],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":93002,"depth":108,"text":93003},{"id":93234,"depth":108,"text":94541},"What range() gives you",{"id":93447,"depth":108,"text":94543},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93572,"depth":108,"text":94545},"When to use range()",{"id":93707,"depth":108,"text":94547},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15597,"depth":108,"text":15598},{"id":94026,"depth":108,"text":94027},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":94552},[94553,94555,94557,94558,94560],{"id":94398,"depth":115,"text":94554},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94409,"depth":115,"text":94556},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94425,"depth":115,"text":94426},{"id":94477,"depth":115,"text":94559},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94490,"depth":115,"text":94561},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92889,"description":94563},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94570,"title":94571,"body":94572,"description":96008,"extension":1981,"meta":96009,"navigation":111,"path":96010,"seo":96011,"stem":96012,"__hash__":96013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94573,"toc":95974},[94574,94580,94585,94588,94602,94605,94607,94646,94648,94661,94669,94674,94690,94693,94695,94697,94718,94735,94738,94797,94799,94818,94823,94829,94832,94866,94868,94881,94884,94929,94931,94954,94961,94967,94970,95011,95013,95027,95030,95088,95090,95105,95118,95124,95130,95195,95197,95216,95218,95236,95239,95243,95249,95251,95284,95286,95299,95309,95312,95373,95375,95396,95399,95401,95417,95422,95426,95431,95436,95492,95494,95512,95515,95560,95562,95570,95575,95579,95593,95595,95627,95629,95638,95640,95644,95653,95656,95688,95690,95702,95705,95709,95714,95755,95757,95765,95768,95791,95795,95797,95806,95809,95862,95864,95873,95877,95882,95893,95895,95904,95907,95913,95916,95922,95932,95940,95947,95949,95971],[10,94575,3603,94577,3607],{"id":94576},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94578,94579],{},"round()",[20,94581,9152,94582,94584],{},[15,94583,94579],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94586,94587],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[233,94589,94590,94596],{},[236,94591,94592,94595],{},[15,94593,94594],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[236,94597,94598,94601],{},[15,94599,94600],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94603,94604],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[219,94606,2022],{"id":2021},[41,94608,94610],{"className":43,"code":94609,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94611,94612,94628],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94613,94614,94616,94618,94621,94623,94626],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94615,119],{"class":118},[50,94617,122],{"class":64},[50,94619,94620],{"class":118},"round",[50,94622,122],{"class":64},[50,94624,94625],{"class":101},"3.14159",[50,94627,1770],{"class":64},[50,94629,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94631,119],{"class":118},[50,94633,122],{"class":64},[50,94635,94620],{"class":118},[50,94637,122],{"class":64},[50,94639,94625],{"class":101},[50,94641,89],{"class":64},[50,94643,3016],{"class":101},[50,94645,1770],{"class":64},[20,94647,2091],{},[41,94649,94651],{"className":43,"code":94650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94652,94653,94657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94654,94655],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94656,46430],{"class":101},[50,94658,94659],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94660,39987],{"class":101},[20,94662,212,94663,94665,94666,94668],{},[15,94664,94594],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94667,94600],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[219,94670,222,94672,225],{"id":94671},"what-round-does",[15,94673,94579],{},[233,94675,94676,94681,94684,94687],{},[236,94677,94678,94680],{},[15,94679,94579],{}," is a built-in Python function",[236,94682,94683],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[236,94685,94686],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[236,94688,94689],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94691,94692],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[219,94694,387],{"id":386},[20,94696,2180],{},[41,94698,94700],{"className":43,"code":94699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94701,94702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94703,94704,94706,94708,94710,94713,94716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94705,94620],{"class":118},[50,94707,122],{"class":64},[50,94709,2260],{"class":125},[50,94711,94712],{"class":64},"[,",[50,94714,94715],{"class":125}," ndigits",[50,94717,3911],{"class":64},[233,94719,94720,94725,94730],{},[236,94721,94722,94724],{},[15,94723,2260],{}," is the value to round",[236,94726,94727,449],{},[15,94728,94729],{},"ndigits",[236,94731,94732,94734],{},[15,94733,94729],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94736,94737],{},"Basic examples:",[41,94739,94741],{"className":43,"code":94740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94742,94743,94758,94776],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94744,94745,94747,94749,94751,94753,94756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94746,119],{"class":118},[50,94748,122],{"class":64},[50,94750,94620],{"class":118},[50,94752,122],{"class":64},[50,94754,94755],{"class":101},"7.8",[50,94757,1770],{"class":64},[50,94759,94760,94762,94764,94766,94768,94770,94772,94774],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94761,119],{"class":118},[50,94763,122],{"class":64},[50,94765,94620],{"class":118},[50,94767,122],{"class":64},[50,94769,94755],{"class":101},[50,94771,89],{"class":64},[50,94773,5521],{"class":101},[50,94775,1770],{"class":64},[50,94777,94778,94780,94782,94784,94786,94789,94791,94793,94795],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94779,119],{"class":118},[50,94781,122],{"class":64},[50,94783,94620],{"class":118},[50,94785,122],{"class":64},[50,94787,94788],{"class":101},"1234",[50,94790,89],{"class":64},[50,94792,2242],{"class":60},[50,94794,2076],{"class":101},[50,94796,1770],{"class":64},[20,94798,2091],{},[41,94800,94802],{"className":43,"code":94801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94803,94804,94808,94813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94805,94806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94807,2403],{"class":101},[50,94809,94810],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94811,94812],{"class":101},"7.8\n",[50,94814,94815],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94816,94817],{"class":101},"1200\n",[20,94819,94820,94821,129],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[380,94822,2441],{"href":2440},[219,94824,8444,94826,94828],{"id":94825},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94827,94579],{}," with one argument",[20,94830,94831],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[41,94833,94835],{"className":43,"code":94834,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94836,94837,94851],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94838,94839,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94840,119],{"class":118},[50,94842,122],{"class":64},[50,94844,94620],{"class":118},[50,94846,122],{"class":64},[50,94848,2384],{"class":101},[50,94850,1770],{"class":64},[50,94852,94853,94855,94857,94859,94861,94864],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94854,119],{"class":118},[50,94856,122],{"class":64},[50,94858,94620],{"class":118},[50,94860,122],{"class":64},[50,94862,94863],{"class":101},"4.8",[50,94865,1770],{"class":64},[20,94867,2091],{},[41,94869,94871],{"className":43,"code":94870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4\n5\n",[15,94872,94873,94877],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94874,94875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94876,48464],{"class":101},[50,94878,94879],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94880,2969],{"class":101},[20,94882,94883],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[41,94885,94887],{"className":43,"code":94886,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94888,94889,94905,94915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94890,94891,94893,94895,94898,94900,94903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94892,2250],{"class":56},[50,94894,61],{"class":60},[50,94896,94897],{"class":118}," round",[50,94899,122],{"class":64},[50,94901,94902],{"class":101},"10.2",[50,94904,414],{"class":64},[50,94906,94907,94909,94911,94913],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94908,119],{"class":118},[50,94910,122],{"class":64},[50,94912,2285],{"class":125},[50,94914,414],{"class":64},[50,94916,94917,94919,94921,94923,94925,94927],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94918,119],{"class":118},[50,94920,122],{"class":64},[50,94922,1780],{"class":1779},[50,94924,122],{"class":64},[50,94926,2285],{"class":125},[50,94928,1770],{"class":64},[20,94930,2091],{},[41,94932,94934],{"className":43,"code":94933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94935,94936,94940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94937,94938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94939,2398],{"class":101},[50,94941,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94943,3315],{"class":60},[50,94945,3318],{"class":2085},[50,94947,3321],{"class":68},[50,94949,2209],{"class":72},[50,94951,1736],{"class":68},[50,94953,3328],{"class":60},[20,94955,94956,94957,129],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[380,94958,3603,94959,3536],{"href":2897},[15,94960,2900],{},[219,94962,8444,94964,94966],{"id":94963},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94965,94579],{}," with decimal places",[20,94968,94969],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[41,94971,94973],{"className":43,"code":94972,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94974,94975,94993],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94976,94977,94979,94981,94983,94985,94987,94989,94991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94978,119],{"class":118},[50,94980,122],{"class":64},[50,94982,94620],{"class":118},[50,94984,122],{"class":64},[50,94986,94625],{"class":101},[50,94988,89],{"class":64},[50,94990,3016],{"class":101},[50,94992,1770],{"class":64},[50,94994,94995,94997,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007,95009],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94996,119],{"class":118},[50,94998,122],{"class":64},[50,95000,94620],{"class":118},[50,95002,122],{"class":64},[50,95004,94625],{"class":101},[50,95006,89],{"class":64},[50,95008,2473],{"class":101},[50,95010,1770],{"class":64},[20,95012,2091],{},[41,95014,95016],{"className":43,"code":95015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95017,95018,95022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95019,95020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95021,39987],{"class":101},[50,95023,95024],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95025,95026],{"class":101},"3.142\n",[20,95028,95029],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[41,95031,95033],{"className":43,"code":95032,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95034,95035,95044,95063,95067,95077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95036,95037,95039,95041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95038,40197],{"class":56},[50,95040,61],{"class":60},[50,95042,95043],{"class":101}," 19.9876\n",[50,95045,95046,95049,95051,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95047,95048],{"class":56},"rounded_price ",[50,95050,61],{"class":60},[50,95052,94897],{"class":118},[50,95054,122],{"class":64},[50,95056,24949],{"class":125},[50,95058,89],{"class":64},[50,95060,3016],{"class":101},[50,95062,414],{"class":64},[50,95064,95065],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95066,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95068,95069,95071,95073,95075],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,95070,119],{"class":118},[50,95072,122],{"class":64},[50,95074,24949],{"class":125},[50,95076,414],{"class":64},[50,95078,95079,95081,95083,95086],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,95080,119],{"class":118},[50,95082,122],{"class":64},[50,95084,95085],{"class":125},"rounded_price",[50,95087,414],{"class":64},[20,95089,2091],{},[41,95091,95093],{"className":43,"code":95092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95094,95095,95100],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95096,95097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95098,95099],{"class":101},"19.9876\n",[50,95101,95102],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95103,95104],{"class":101},"19.99\n",[20,95106,95107,95108,95111,95112,2901,95114,129],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95109,95110],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[380,95113,40702],{"href":40701},[380,95115,3603,95116,3536],{"href":2904},[15,95117,2907],{},[219,95119,95121,95122],{"id":95120},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95123,94729],{},[20,95125,95126,95127,95129],{},"A negative ",[15,95128,94729],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[41,95131,95133],{"className":43,"code":95132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95134,95135,95155,95175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95136,95137,95139,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149,95151,95153],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95138,119],{"class":118},[50,95140,122],{"class":64},[50,95142,94620],{"class":118},[50,95144,122],{"class":64},[50,95146,94788],{"class":101},[50,95148,89],{"class":64},[50,95150,2242],{"class":60},[50,95152,3011],{"class":101},[50,95154,1770],{"class":64},[50,95156,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167,95169,95171,95173],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95158,119],{"class":118},[50,95160,122],{"class":64},[50,95162,94620],{"class":118},[50,95164,122],{"class":64},[50,95166,94788],{"class":101},[50,95168,89],{"class":64},[50,95170,2242],{"class":60},[50,95172,2076],{"class":101},[50,95174,1770],{"class":64},[50,95176,95177,95179,95181,95183,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95178,119],{"class":118},[50,95180,122],{"class":64},[50,95182,94620],{"class":118},[50,95184,122],{"class":64},[50,95186,94788],{"class":101},[50,95188,89],{"class":64},[50,95190,2242],{"class":60},[50,95192,2082],{"class":101},[50,95194,1770],{"class":64},[20,95196,2091],{},[41,95198,95200],{"className":43,"code":95199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95201,95202,95207,95211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95203,95204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95205,95206],{"class":101},"1230\n",[50,95208,95209],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95210,94817],{"class":101},[50,95212,95213],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95214,95215],{"class":101},"1000\n",[20,95217,65403],{},[233,95219,95220,95225,95231],{},[236,95221,95222,95224],{},[15,95223,65673],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[236,95226,95227,95230],{},[15,95228,95229],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[236,95232,95233,95235],{},[15,95234,47484],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95237,95238],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[219,95240,95242],{"id":95241},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95244,95245,95246,129],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95247,95248],{},".5",[20,95250,5495],{},[41,95252,95254],{"className":43,"code":95253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95255,95256,95270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95257,95258,95260,95262,95264,95266,95268],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95259,119],{"class":118},[50,95261,122],{"class":64},[50,95263,94620],{"class":118},[50,95265,122],{"class":64},[50,95267,40969],{"class":101},[50,95269,1770],{"class":64},[50,95271,95272,95274,95276,95278,95280,95282],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95273,119],{"class":118},[50,95275,122],{"class":64},[50,95277,94620],{"class":118},[50,95279,122],{"class":64},[50,95281,2059],{"class":101},[50,95283,1770],{"class":64},[20,95285,2091],{},[41,95287,95289],{"className":43,"code":95288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n4\n",[15,95290,95291,95295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95292,95293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95294,17055],{"class":101},[50,95296,95297],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95298,48464],{"class":101},[20,95300,95301,95302,95305,95306,95308],{},"Python uses ",[997,95303,95304],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95307,95248],{}," situations.",[20,95310,95311],{},"More examples:",[41,95313,95315],{"className":43,"code":95314,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95316,95317,95331,95345,95359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95318,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95320,119],{"class":118},[50,95322,122],{"class":64},[50,95324,94620],{"class":118},[50,95326,122],{"class":64},[50,95328,40982],{"class":101},[50,95330,1770],{"class":64},[50,95332,95333,95335,95337,95339,95341,95343],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95334,119],{"class":118},[50,95336,122],{"class":64},[50,95338,94620],{"class":118},[50,95340,122],{"class":64},[50,95342,40969],{"class":101},[50,95344,1770],{"class":64},[50,95346,95347,95349,95351,95353,95355,95357],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95348,119],{"class":118},[50,95350,122],{"class":64},[50,95352,94620],{"class":118},[50,95354,122],{"class":64},[50,95356,2059],{"class":101},[50,95358,1770],{"class":64},[50,95360,95361,95363,95365,95367,95369,95371],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,95362,119],{"class":118},[50,95364,122],{"class":64},[50,95366,94620],{"class":118},[50,95368,122],{"class":64},[50,95370,40934],{"class":101},[50,95372,1770],{"class":64},[20,95374,2091],{},[41,95376,95378],{"className":43,"code":95377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95379,95380,95384,95388,95392],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95381,95382],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95383,17055],{"class":101},[50,95385,95386],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95387,17055],{"class":101},[50,95389,95390],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95391,48464],{"class":101},[50,95393,95394],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,95395,48464],{"class":101},[20,95397,95398],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95400,10735],{},[233,95402,95403,95410],{},[236,95404,95405,2154,95408],{},[15,95406,95407],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95409,2076],{},[236,95411,95412,2154,95415],{},[15,95413,95414],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95416,2527],{},[20,95418,3194,95419,95421],{},[15,95420,95248],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[219,95423,95425],{"id":95424},"return-values","Return values",[20,95427,95428,95430],{},[15,95429,94579],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95432,40716,95433,95435],{},[997,95434,1262],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[41,95437,95439],{"className":43,"code":95438,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95440,95441,95450,95454,95464,95482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95442,95443,95445,95447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95444,2468],{"class":56},[50,95446,61],{"class":60},[50,95448,95449],{"class":101}," 3.14159\n",[50,95451,95452],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95453,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95455,95456,95458,95460,95462],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95457,119],{"class":118},[50,95459,122],{"class":64},[50,95461,2495],{"class":125},[50,95463,414],{"class":64},[50,95465,95466,95468,95470,95472,95474,95476,95478,95480],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,95467,119],{"class":118},[50,95469,122],{"class":64},[50,95471,94620],{"class":118},[50,95473,122],{"class":64},[50,95475,2495],{"class":125},[50,95477,89],{"class":64},[50,95479,3016],{"class":101},[50,95481,1770],{"class":64},[50,95483,95484,95486,95488,95490],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,95485,119],{"class":118},[50,95487,122],{"class":64},[50,95489,2495],{"class":125},[50,95491,414],{"class":64},[20,95493,2091],{},[41,95495,95497],{"className":43,"code":95496,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95498,95499,95504,95508],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95500,95501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95502,95503],{"class":101},"3.14159\n",[50,95505,95506],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95507,39987],{"class":101},[50,95509,95510],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95511,95503],{"class":101},[20,95513,95514],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[41,95516,95518],{"className":43,"code":95517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95519,95520,95528,95546,95550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95521,95522,95524,95526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95523,2468],{"class":56},[50,95525,61],{"class":60},[50,95527,95449],{"class":101},[50,95529,95530,95532,95534,95536,95538,95540,95542,95544],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95531,2468],{"class":56},[50,95533,61],{"class":60},[50,95535,94897],{"class":118},[50,95537,122],{"class":64},[50,95539,2495],{"class":125},[50,95541,89],{"class":64},[50,95543,3016],{"class":101},[50,95545,414],{"class":64},[50,95547,95548],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95549,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95551,95552,95554,95556,95558],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,95553,119],{"class":118},[50,95555,122],{"class":64},[50,95557,2495],{"class":125},[50,95559,414],{"class":64},[20,95561,2091],{},[41,95563,95564],{"className":43,"code":39987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95565,95566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95567,95568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95569,39987],{"class":101},[219,95571,582,95573],{"id":95572},"when-to-use-round",[15,95574,94579],{},[20,95576,212,95577,6342],{},[15,95578,94579],{},[233,95580,95581,95584,95587,95590],{},[236,95582,95583],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[236,95585,95586],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[236,95588,95589],{},"Round values before reporting results",[236,95591,95592],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95594,5495],{},[41,95596,95598],{"className":43,"code":95597,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95599,95600,95609],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95601,95602,95604,95606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95603,2619],{"class":56},[50,95605,61],{"class":60},[50,95607,95608],{"class":101}," 12.67891\n",[50,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95612,119],{"class":118},[50,95614,122],{"class":64},[50,95616,94620],{"class":118},[50,95618,122],{"class":64},[50,95620,2642],{"class":125},[50,95622,89],{"class":64},[50,95624,3016],{"class":101},[50,95626,1770],{"class":64},[20,95628,2091],{},[41,95630,95632],{"className":43,"code":95631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"12.68\n",[15,95633,95634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95635,95636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95637,95631],{"class":101},[219,95639,1663],{"id":1662},[20,95641,22893,95642,129],{},[15,95643,94579],{},[811,95645,8480,95647,95649,95650,95652],{"id":95646},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95648,94579],{}," to always round ",[15,95651,95248],{}," upward",[20,95654,95655],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[41,95657,95658],{"className":43,"code":95253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95659,95660,95674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95661,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670,95672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95663,119],{"class":118},[50,95665,122],{"class":64},[50,95667,94620],{"class":118},[50,95669,122],{"class":64},[50,95671,40969],{"class":101},[50,95673,1770],{"class":64},[50,95675,95676,95678,95680,95682,95684,95686],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95677,119],{"class":118},[50,95679,122],{"class":64},[50,95681,94620],{"class":118},[50,95683,122],{"class":64},[50,95685,2059],{"class":101},[50,95687,1770],{"class":64},[20,95689,2091],{},[41,95691,95692],{"className":43,"code":95288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95693,95694,95698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95695,95696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95697,17055],{"class":101},[50,95699,95700],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95701,48464],{"class":101},[20,95703,95704],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[811,95706,95708],{"id":95707},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95710,95711,95713],{},[15,95712,94579],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[41,95715,95717],{"className":43,"code":95716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95718,95719,95727,95741,95745],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95720,95721,95723,95725],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95722,2468],{"class":56},[50,95724,61],{"class":60},[50,95726,95449],{"class":101},[50,95728,95729,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95730,94620],{"class":118},[50,95732,122],{"class":64},[50,95734,2495],{"class":125},[50,95736,89],{"class":64},[50,95738,3016],{"class":101},[50,95740,414],{"class":64},[50,95742,95743],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95744,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95746,95747,95749,95751,95753],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,95748,119],{"class":118},[50,95750,122],{"class":64},[50,95752,2495],{"class":125},[50,95754,414],{"class":64},[20,95756,2091],{},[41,95758,95759],{"className":43,"code":95503,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95760,95761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95762,95763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95764,95503],{"class":101},[20,95766,95767],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[41,95769,95771],{"className":43,"code":95770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95772,95773],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95774,95775,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787,95789],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95776,2468],{"class":56},[50,95778,61],{"class":60},[50,95780,94897],{"class":118},[50,95782,122],{"class":64},[50,95784,2495],{"class":125},[50,95786,89],{"class":64},[50,95788,3016],{"class":101},[50,95790,414],{"class":64},[811,95792,95794],{"id":95793},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95796,16402],{},[41,95798,95800],{"className":43,"code":95799,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95801,95802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95803,95804],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95805,95799],{"class":146},[20,95807,95808],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[41,95810,95812],{"className":43,"code":95811,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95813,95814,95826,95840,95844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95815,95816,95818,95820,95822,95824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95817,34492],{"class":56},[50,95819,61],{"class":60},[50,95821,81],{"class":68},[50,95823,39953],{"class":72},[50,95825,3384],{"class":68},[50,95827,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95829,2237],{"class":56},[50,95831,61],{"class":60},[50,95833,40065],{"class":1779},[50,95835,122],{"class":64},[50,95837,34513],{"class":125},[50,95839,414],{"class":64},[50,95841,95842],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95843,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95845,95846,95848,95850,95852,95854,95856,95858,95860],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,95847,119],{"class":118},[50,95849,122],{"class":64},[50,95851,94620],{"class":118},[50,95853,122],{"class":64},[50,95855,2260],{"class":125},[50,95857,89],{"class":64},[50,95859,5521],{"class":101},[50,95861,1770],{"class":64},[20,95863,2091],{},[41,95865,95867],{"className":43,"code":95866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.1\n",[15,95868,95869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95870,95871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95872,95866],{"class":101},[811,95874,95876],{"id":95875},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95878,95879,95881],{},[15,95880,94579],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95883,95884,95885,2901,95889,129],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[380,95886,95887],{"href":2904},[15,95888,2907],{},[380,95890,95891],{"href":2897},[15,95892,2900],{},[219,95894,1857],{"id":1856},[811,95896,1861,95898,95900,95901,95903],{"id":95897},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95899,94579],{}," always round ",[15,95902,40024],{}," up?",[20,95905,95906],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[811,95908,1861,95910,95912],{"id":95909},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95911,94579],{}," change the original number?",[20,95914,95915],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[811,95917,5192,95919,95921],{"id":95918},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95920,94579],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95923,95924,95925,95927,95928,2901,95930,129],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95926,94729],{}," value like ",[15,95929,65673],{},[15,95931,95229],{},[811,95933,28129,95935,95937,95938,1867],{"id":95934},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95936,94579],{}," on a string like ",[15,95939,47908],{},[20,95941,95942,95943,2901,95945,129],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95944,2907],{},[15,95946,2900],{},[219,95948,1909],{"id":1908},[233,95950,95951,95957,95963,95967],{},[236,95952,95953],{},[380,95954,3603,95955,3536],{"href":2904},[15,95956,2907],{},[236,95958,95959],{},[380,95960,3603,95961,3536],{"href":2897},[15,95962,2900],{},[236,95964,95965],{},[380,95966,2441],{"href":2440},[236,95968,95969],{},[380,95970,41992],{"href":40701},[1944,95972,95973],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":95975},[95976,95977,95979,95980,95982,95984,95986,95987,95988,95990,95997,96007],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":94671,"depth":108,"text":95978},"What round() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":94825,"depth":108,"text":95981},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94963,"depth":108,"text":95983},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95120,"depth":108,"text":95985},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95241,"depth":108,"text":95242},{"id":95424,"depth":108,"text":95425},{"id":95572,"depth":108,"text":95989},"When to use round()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":95991},[95992,95994,95995,95996],{"id":95646,"depth":115,"text":95993},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95707,"depth":115,"text":95708},{"id":95793,"depth":115,"text":95794},{"id":95875,"depth":115,"text":95876},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":95998},[95999,96001,96003,96005],{"id":95897,"depth":115,"text":96000},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95909,"depth":115,"text":96002},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95918,"depth":115,"text":96004},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95934,"depth":115,"text":96006},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94571,"description":96008},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96015,"title":96016,"body":96017,"description":97202,"extension":1981,"meta":97203,"navigation":111,"path":97204,"seo":97205,"stem":97206,"__hash__":97207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96018,"toc":97176},[96019,96026,96032,96035,96037,96086,96090,96115,96120,96125,96130,96144,96155,96157,96176,96178,96194,96197,96208,96210,96212,96273,96277,96310,96317,96324,96327,96360,96363,96367,96370,96423,96427,96448,96454,96461,96468,96529,96537,96614,96618,96630,96639,96641,96647,96653,96657,96710,96713,96771,96775,96783,96786,96790,96793,96803,96805,96902,96905,96916,96919,96962,96966,96990,96993,96999,97001,97005,97030,97032,97099,97108,97110,97116,97121,97125,97128,97132,97139,97143,97148,97150,97167,97173],[10,96020,96022,96023,18],{"id":96021},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96024,96025],{},"add()",[20,96027,96028,96031],{},[15,96029,96030],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96033,96034],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[219,96036,2022],{"id":2021},[41,96038,96040],{"className":43,"code":96039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96041,96042,96062,96076],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96043,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056,96058,96060],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96045,3647],{"class":56},[50,96047,61],{"class":60},[50,96049,65],{"class":64},[50,96051,3011],{"class":101},[50,96053,89],{"class":64},[50,96055,3016],{"class":101},[50,96057,89],{"class":64},[50,96059,2473],{"class":101},[50,96061,105],{"class":64},[50,96063,96064,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96065,3678],{"class":56},[50,96067,129],{"class":64},[50,96069,81925],{"class":125},[50,96071,122],{"class":64},[50,96073,2527],{"class":101},[50,96075,414],{"class":64},[50,96077,96078,96080,96082,96084],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96079,119],{"class":118},[50,96081,122],{"class":64},[50,96083,3678],{"class":125},[50,96085,414],{"class":64},[20,96087,96088],{},[997,96089,2091],{},[41,96091,96093],{"className":43,"code":96092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96094,96095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96096,96097,96099,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96098,9304],{"class":64},[50,96100,3011],{"class":101},[50,96102,89],{"class":64},[50,96104,3016],{"class":101},[50,96106,89],{"class":64},[50,96108,2473],{"class":101},[50,96110,89],{"class":64},[50,96112,2479],{"class":101},[50,96114,105],{"class":64},[20,96116,212,96117,96119],{},[15,96118,96025],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[219,96121,222,96123,225],{"id":96122},"what-setadd-does",[15,96124,96030],{},[20,96126,96127,96129],{},[15,96128,96030],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[233,96131,96132,96135,96138,96141],{},[236,96133,96134],{},"Adds one item to a set",[236,96136,96137],{},"Changes the original set in place",[236,96139,96140],{},"Does not return a new set",[236,96142,96143],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96145,96146,96147,2901,96151,129],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[380,96148,96150],{"href":96149},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[380,96152,96154],{"href":96153},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[219,96156,387],{"id":386},[41,96158,96160],{"className":43,"code":96159,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96161,96162],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96163,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172,96174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96165,15667],{"class":56},[50,96167,129],{"class":64},[50,96169,81925],{"class":125},[50,96171,122],{"class":64},[50,96173,23109],{"class":125},[50,96175,414],{"class":64},[20,96177,11473],{},[233,96179,96180,96185,96188],{},[236,96181,55725,96182,96184],{},[15,96183,96025],{}," on an existing set",[236,96186,96187],{},"Pass exactly one item",[236,96189,96190,96191],{},"The item must be ",[997,96192,96193],{},"hashable",[20,96195,96196],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[233,96198,96199,96201,96203,96206],{},[236,96200,56278],{},[236,96202,56281],{},[236,96204,96205],{},"Tuples",[236,96207,40405],{},[219,96209,11490],{"id":11489},[20,96211,11493],{},[41,96213,96215],{"className":43,"code":96214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96216,96217,96241,96259,96263],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96218,96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96220,13084],{"class":56},[50,96222,61],{"class":60},[50,96224,65],{"class":64},[50,96226,69],{"class":68},[50,96228,13101],{"class":72},[50,96230,69],{"class":68},[50,96232,89],{"class":64},[50,96234,81],{"class":68},[50,96236,13118],{"class":72},[50,96238,69],{"class":68},[50,96240,105],{"class":64},[50,96242,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96244,17495],{"class":56},[50,96246,129],{"class":64},[50,96248,81925],{"class":125},[50,96250,122],{"class":64},[50,96252,69],{"class":68},[50,96254,17448],{"class":72},[50,96256,69],{"class":68},[50,96258,414],{"class":64},[50,96260,96261],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96262,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96264,96265,96267,96269,96271],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,96266,119],{"class":118},[50,96268,122],{"class":64},[50,96270,17495],{"class":125},[50,96272,414],{"class":64},[20,96274,96275],{},[997,96276,29831],{},[41,96278,96280],{"className":43,"code":96279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96281,96282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96283,96284,96286,96288,96290,96292,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96285,9304],{"class":64},[50,96287,1736],{"class":68},[50,96289,13101],{"class":72},[50,96291,1736],{"class":68},[50,96293,89],{"class":64},[50,96295,3321],{"class":68},[50,96297,17448],{"class":72},[50,96299,1736],{"class":68},[50,96301,89],{"class":64},[50,96303,3321],{"class":68},[50,96305,13118],{"class":72},[50,96307,1736],{"class":68},[50,96309,105],{"class":64},[20,96311,96312,96313,96316],{},"The new value ",[15,96314,96315],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96318,96319,96320,96323],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[997,96321,96322],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96325,96326],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[41,96328,96330],{"className":43,"code":96329,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96331,96332],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96333,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96335,9304],{"class":64},[50,96337,1736],{"class":68},[50,96339,13118],{"class":72},[50,96341,1736],{"class":68},[50,96343,89],{"class":64},[50,96345,3321],{"class":68},[50,96347,13101],{"class":72},[50,96349,1736],{"class":68},[50,96351,89],{"class":64},[50,96353,3321],{"class":68},[50,96355,17448],{"class":72},[50,96357,1736],{"class":68},[50,96359,105],{"class":64},[20,96361,96362],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[219,96364,96366],{"id":96365},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96368,96369],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[41,96371,96373],{"className":43,"code":96372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96374,96375,96395,96409,96413],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96376,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96378,3647],{"class":56},[50,96380,61],{"class":60},[50,96382,65],{"class":64},[50,96384,3011],{"class":101},[50,96386,89],{"class":64},[50,96388,3016],{"class":101},[50,96390,89],{"class":64},[50,96392,2473],{"class":101},[50,96394,105],{"class":64},[50,96396,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96398,3678],{"class":56},[50,96400,129],{"class":64},[50,96402,81925],{"class":125},[50,96404,122],{"class":64},[50,96406,2076],{"class":101},[50,96408,414],{"class":64},[50,96410,96411],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96412,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96414,96415,96417,96419,96421],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,96416,119],{"class":118},[50,96418,122],{"class":64},[50,96420,3678],{"class":125},[50,96422,414],{"class":64},[20,96424,96425],{},[997,96426,2091],{},[41,96428,96430],{"className":43,"code":96429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96431,96432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96433,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96435,9304],{"class":64},[50,96437,3011],{"class":101},[50,96439,89],{"class":64},[50,96441,3016],{"class":101},[50,96443,89],{"class":64},[50,96445,2473],{"class":101},[50,96447,105],{"class":64},[20,96449,96450,96451,96453],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96452,2076],{}," was already present.",[219,96455,96457,10608,96459],{"id":96456},"add-vs-update",[15,96458,96025],{},[15,96460,14958],{},[20,96462,212,96463,96465,96466,129],{},[15,96464,96025],{}," when you want to add ",[997,96467,52472],{},[41,96469,96471],{"className":43,"code":96470,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96472,96473,96497,96515,96519],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96476,35897],{"class":56},[50,96478,61],{"class":60},[50,96480,65],{"class":64},[50,96482,69],{"class":68},[50,96484,380],{"class":72},[50,96486,69],{"class":68},[50,96488,89],{"class":64},[50,96490,81],{"class":68},[50,96492,4784],{"class":72},[50,96494,69],{"class":68},[50,96496,105],{"class":64},[50,96498,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96500,35950],{"class":56},[50,96502,129],{"class":64},[50,96504,81925],{"class":125},[50,96506,122],{"class":64},[50,96508,69],{"class":68},[50,96510,9763],{"class":72},[50,96512,69],{"class":68},[50,96514,414],{"class":64},[50,96516,96517],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96518,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96520,96521,96523,96525,96527],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,96522,119],{"class":118},[50,96524,122],{"class":64},[50,96526,35950],{"class":125},[50,96528,414],{"class":64},[20,96530,212,96531,96465,96533,96536],{},[15,96532,14958],{},[997,96534,96535],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[41,96538,96540],{"className":43,"code":96539,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96541,96542,96566,96600,96604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96543,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96545,35897],{"class":56},[50,96547,61],{"class":60},[50,96549,65],{"class":64},[50,96551,69],{"class":68},[50,96553,380],{"class":72},[50,96555,69],{"class":68},[50,96557,89],{"class":64},[50,96559,81],{"class":68},[50,96561,4784],{"class":72},[50,96563,69],{"class":68},[50,96565,105],{"class":64},[50,96567,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592,96594,96596,96598],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96569,35950],{"class":56},[50,96571,129],{"class":64},[50,96573,30266],{"class":125},[50,96575,3008],{"class":64},[50,96577,69],{"class":68},[50,96579,9763],{"class":72},[50,96581,69],{"class":68},[50,96583,89],{"class":64},[50,96585,81],{"class":68},[50,96587,18757],{"class":72},[50,96589,69],{"class":68},[50,96591,89],{"class":64},[50,96593,81],{"class":68},[50,96595,60265],{"class":72},[50,96597,69],{"class":68},[50,96599,3911],{"class":64},[50,96601,96602],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96603,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96605,96606,96608,96610,96612],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,96607,119],{"class":118},[50,96609,122],{"class":64},[50,96611,35950],{"class":125},[50,96613,414],{"class":64},[811,96615,96617],{"id":96616},"key-difference","Key difference",[233,96619,96620,96625],{},[236,96621,96622,96624],{},[15,96623,96025],{}," adds one item",[236,96626,96627,96629],{},[15,96628,14958],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96631,96632,96633,129],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[380,96634,96636,96637,1845],{"href":96635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96638,14958],{},[219,96640,17411],{"id":17410},[20,96642,96643,35,96645,129],{},[15,96644,96030],{},[15,96646,38],{},[20,96648,96649,96650,96652],{},"That means you should ",[997,96651,1262],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[811,96654,96656],{"id":96655},"correct","Correct",[41,96658,96660],{"className":43,"code":96659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96661,96662,96682,96696,96700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96663,96664,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96665,15629],{"class":56},[50,96667,61],{"class":60},[50,96669,65],{"class":64},[50,96671,3011],{"class":101},[50,96673,89],{"class":64},[50,96675,3016],{"class":101},[50,96677,89],{"class":64},[50,96679,2473],{"class":101},[50,96681,105],{"class":64},[50,96683,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96685,15667],{"class":56},[50,96687,129],{"class":64},[50,96689,81925],{"class":125},[50,96691,122],{"class":64},[50,96693,2527],{"class":101},[50,96695,414],{"class":64},[50,96697,96698],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96699,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96701,96702,96704,96706,96708],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,96703,119],{"class":118},[50,96705,122],{"class":64},[50,96707,15667],{"class":125},[50,96709,414],{"class":64},[811,96711,96712],{"id":61587},"Wrong",[41,96714,96716],{"className":43,"code":96715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96717,96718,96738,96757,96761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96719,96720,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734,96736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96721,15629],{"class":56},[50,96723,61],{"class":60},[50,96725,65],{"class":64},[50,96727,3011],{"class":101},[50,96729,89],{"class":64},[50,96731,3016],{"class":101},[50,96733,89],{"class":64},[50,96735,2473],{"class":101},[50,96737,105],{"class":64},[50,96739,96740,96742,96744,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96741,15629],{"class":56},[50,96743,61],{"class":60},[50,96745,96746],{"class":56}," my_set",[50,96748,129],{"class":64},[50,96750,81925],{"class":125},[50,96752,122],{"class":64},[50,96754,2527],{"class":101},[50,96756,414],{"class":64},[50,96758,96759],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96760,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96762,96763,96765,96767,96769],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,96764,119],{"class":118},[50,96766,122],{"class":64},[50,96768,15667],{"class":125},[50,96770,414],{"class":64},[20,96772,96773],{},[997,96774,2091],{},[41,96776,96777],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,96778,96779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96780,96781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96782,11821],{"class":1494},[20,96784,96785],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[219,96787,96789],{"id":96788},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96791,96792],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[233,96794,96795,96797,96799,96801],{},[236,96796,56278],{},[236,96798,56281],{},[236,96800,96205],{},[236,96802,40405],{},[20,96804,253],{},[41,96806,96808],{"className":43,"code":96807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96809,96810,96820,96824,96838,96856,96874,96888,96892],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96811,96812,96814,96816,96818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96813,7805],{"class":56},[50,96815,61],{"class":60},[50,96817,15634],{"class":1779},[50,96819,8671],{"class":64},[50,96821,96822],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96823,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96825,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96827,7836],{"class":56},[50,96829,129],{"class":64},[50,96831,81925],{"class":125},[50,96833,122],{"class":64},[50,96835,2352],{"class":101},[50,96837,414],{"class":64},[50,96839,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,96841,7836],{"class":56},[50,96843,129],{"class":64},[50,96845,81925],{"class":125},[50,96847,122],{"class":64},[50,96849,69],{"class":68},[50,96851,3870],{"class":72},[50,96853,69],{"class":68},[50,96855,414],{"class":64},[50,96857,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,96859,7836],{"class":56},[50,96861,129],{"class":64},[50,96863,81925],{"class":125},[50,96865,5534],{"class":64},[50,96867,3011],{"class":101},[50,96869,89],{"class":64},[50,96871,3016],{"class":101},[50,96873,1770],{"class":64},[50,96875,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,96877,7836],{"class":56},[50,96879,129],{"class":64},[50,96881,81925],{"class":125},[50,96883,122],{"class":64},[50,96885,3632],{"class":1494},[50,96887,414],{"class":64},[50,96889,96890],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,96891,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96893,96894,96896,96898,96900],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,96895,119],{"class":118},[50,96897,122],{"class":64},[50,96899,7836],{"class":125},[50,96901,414],{"class":64},[20,96903,96904],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[233,96906,96907,96910,96913],{},[236,96908,96909],{},"Lists",[236,96911,96912],{},"Dictionaries",[236,96914,96915],{},"Sets",[20,96917,96918],{},"Example that causes an error:",[41,96920,96922],{"className":43,"code":96921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96923,96924,96944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96925,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96927,7805],{"class":56},[50,96929,61],{"class":60},[50,96931,65],{"class":64},[50,96933,3011],{"class":101},[50,96935,89],{"class":64},[50,96937,3016],{"class":101},[50,96939,89],{"class":64},[50,96941,2473],{"class":101},[50,96943,105],{"class":64},[50,96945,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96947,7836],{"class":56},[50,96949,129],{"class":64},[50,96951,81925],{"class":125},[50,96953,3008],{"class":64},[50,96955,2527],{"class":101},[50,96957,89],{"class":64},[50,96959,4629],{"class":101},[50,96961,3911],{"class":64},[20,96963,96964],{},[997,96965,29482],{},[41,96967,96969],{"className":43,"code":96968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96970,96971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96972,96973,96975,96977,96980,96982,96984,96986,96988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96974,3029],{"class":1779},[50,96976,78],{"class":64},[50,96978,96979],{"class":56}," unhashable ",[50,96981,1780],{"class":1779},[50,96983,78],{"class":64},[50,96985,3321],{"class":68},[50,96987,8119],{"class":72},[50,96989,29501],{"class":68},[20,96991,96992],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96994,96995,96996,129],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96997,96998],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[219,97000,1663],{"id":1662},[20,97002,14738,97003,78],{},[15,97004,96030],{},[233,97006,97007,97012,97017,97020,97027],{},[236,97008,8444,97009,97011],{},[15,97010,96025],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[236,97013,8480,97014,97016],{},[15,97015,96025],{}," to return the updated set",[236,97018,97019],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[236,97021,37012,97022,97024,97025],{},[15,97023,96030],{}," with list ",[15,97026,52468],{},[236,97028,97029],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97031,71325],{},[41,97033,97035],{"className":43,"code":97034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97036,97037,97047,97061,97071,97085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97038,97039,97041,97043,97045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97040,119],{"class":118},[50,97042,122],{"class":64},[50,97044,15667],{"class":125},[50,97046,414],{"class":64},[50,97048,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057,97059],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97050,119],{"class":118},[50,97052,122],{"class":64},[50,97054,1780],{"class":1779},[50,97056,122],{"class":64},[50,97058,15667],{"class":125},[50,97060,1770],{"class":64},[50,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97064,119],{"class":118},[50,97066,122],{"class":64},[50,97068,2495],{"class":125},[50,97070,414],{"class":64},[50,97072,97073,97075,97077,97079,97081,97083],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,97074,119],{"class":118},[50,97076,122],{"class":64},[50,97078,1780],{"class":1779},[50,97080,122],{"class":64},[50,97082,2495],{"class":125},[50,97084,1770],{"class":64},[50,97086,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,97088,31955],{"class":118},[50,97090,122],{"class":64},[50,97092,6311],{"class":1779},[50,97094,129],{"class":64},[50,97096,81925],{"class":24549},[50,97098,414],{"class":64},[20,97100,97101,97102,97104,97105,129],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97103,96030],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[380,97106,52865],{"href":97107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[219,97109,1857],{"id":1856},[811,97111,1861,97113,97115],{"id":97112},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97114,96030],{}," return a new set?",[20,97117,97118,97119,129],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97120,38],{},[811,97122,97124],{"id":97123},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97126,97127],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[811,97129,97131],{"id":97130},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97133,212,97134,11111,97137,129],{},[15,97135,97136],{},"set.update()",[15,97138,96025],{},[811,97140,97142],{"id":97141},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97144,97145,97146,129],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97147,3029],{},[219,97149,1909],{"id":1908},[233,97151,97152,97156,97161],{},[236,97153,97154],{},[380,97155,96150],{"href":96149},[236,97157,97158],{},[380,97159,97160],{"href":96153},"How to create a set in Python",[236,97162,97163],{},[380,97164,96636,97165,1845],{"href":96635},[15,97166,14958],{},[20,97168,97169,97170,97172],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97171,96025],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1944,97174,97175],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":97177},[97178,97179,97181,97182,97183,97184,97188,97192,97193,97194,97201],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":96122,"depth":108,"text":97180},"What set.add() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":96365,"depth":108,"text":96366},{"id":96456,"depth":108,"text":97185,"children":97186},"add() vs update()",[97187],{"id":96616,"depth":115,"text":96617},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411,"children":97189},[97190,97191],{"id":96655,"depth":115,"text":96656},{"id":61587,"depth":115,"text":96712},{"id":96788,"depth":108,"text":96789},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":97195},[97196,97198,97199,97200],{"id":97112,"depth":115,"text":97197},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97123,"depth":115,"text":97124},{"id":97130,"depth":115,"text":97131},{"id":97141,"depth":115,"text":97142},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96016,"description":97202},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97209,"title":97210,"body":97211,"description":98380,"extension":1981,"meta":98381,"navigation":111,"path":98382,"seo":98383,"stem":98384,"__hash__":98385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97212,"toc":98347},[97213,97218,97224,97231,97276,97278,97289,97294,97299,97303,97317,97322,97324,97326,97341,97343,97357,97359,97361,97426,97428,97438,97440,97458,97464,97471,97476,97550,97552,97569,97575,97580,97651,97653,97680,97697,97700,97706,97708,97715,97719,97786,97788,97803,97806,97859,97861,97869,97881,97883,97887,97892,97894,97943,97945,97953,97955,98000,98002,98012,98018,98026,98039,98045,98047,98076,98078,98096,98100,98103,98134,98136,98154,98158,98233,98235,98251,98258,98260,98265,98270,98276,98279,98283,98291,98298,98306,98308,98344],[10,97214,96022,97216,18],{"id":97215},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97217,11339],{},[20,97219,97220,97223],{},[15,97221,97222],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97225,97226,97227,97230],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[997,97228,97229],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[41,97232,97234],{"className":43,"code":97233,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97235,97236,97256,97266],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97237,97238,97240,97242,97244,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97239,3647],{"class":56},[50,97241,61],{"class":60},[50,97243,65],{"class":64},[50,97245,3011],{"class":101},[50,97247,89],{"class":64},[50,97249,3016],{"class":101},[50,97251,89],{"class":64},[50,97253,2473],{"class":101},[50,97255,105],{"class":64},[50,97257,97258,97260,97262,97264],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97259,3678],{"class":56},[50,97261,129],{"class":64},[50,97263,11400],{"class":125},[50,97265,8671],{"class":64},[50,97267,97268,97270,97272,97274],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97269,119],{"class":118},[50,97271,122],{"class":64},[50,97273,3678],{"class":125},[50,97275,414],{"class":64},[20,97277,2091],{},[41,97279,97281],{"className":43,"code":97280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n",[15,97282,97283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97284,97285,97287],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97286,6311],{"class":1779},[50,97288,8671],{"class":64},[20,97290,97291,97293],{},[15,97292,11339],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[219,97295,222,97297,225],{"id":97296},"what-setclear-does",[15,97298,97222],{},[20,97300,228,97301,231],{},[15,97302,11339],{},[233,97304,97305,97308,97310,97314],{},[236,97306,97307],{},"Removes every item from a set",[236,97309,96137],{},[236,97311,241,97312],{},[15,97313,38],{},[236,97315,97316],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97318,96146,97319,71424],{},[380,97320,96150],{"href":97321},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[219,97323,387],{"id":386},[20,97325,54263],{},[41,97327,97329],{"className":43,"code":97328,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97330,97331],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97332,97333,97335,97337,97339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97334,15667],{"class":56},[50,97336,129],{"class":64},[50,97338,11400],{"class":125},[50,97340,8671],{"class":64},[20,97342,13060],{},[233,97344,97345,97348,97351,97354],{},[236,97346,97347],{},"It takes no arguments",[236,97349,97350],{},"It empties the set",[236,97352,97353],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[236,97355,97356],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[219,97358,11490],{"id":11489},[20,97360,11493],{},[41,97362,97364],{"className":43,"code":97363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97365,97366,97398,97402,97412,97416],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97367,97368,97370,97372,97374,97376,97378,97380,97382,97384,97386,97388,97390,97392,97394,97396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97369,13084],{"class":56},[50,97371,61],{"class":60},[50,97373,65],{"class":64},[50,97375,69],{"class":68},[50,97377,13101],{"class":72},[50,97379,69],{"class":68},[50,97381,89],{"class":64},[50,97383,81],{"class":68},[50,97385,17448],{"class":72},[50,97387,69],{"class":68},[50,97389,89],{"class":64},[50,97391,81],{"class":68},[50,97393,13118],{"class":72},[50,97395,69],{"class":68},[50,97397,105],{"class":64},[50,97399,97400],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97401,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97403,97404,97406,97408,97410],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97405,17495],{"class":56},[50,97407,129],{"class":64},[50,97409,11400],{"class":125},[50,97411,8671],{"class":64},[50,97413,97414],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,97415,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97417,97418,97420,97422,97424],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,97419,119],{"class":118},[50,97421,122],{"class":64},[50,97423,17495],{"class":125},[50,97425,414],{"class":64},[20,97427,2091],{},[41,97429,97430],{"className":43,"code":97280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,97431,97432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97433,97434,97436],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97435,6311],{"class":1779},[50,97437,8671],{"class":64},[20,97439,11697],{},[233,97441,97442,97447,97452],{},[236,97443,97444,97446],{},[15,97445,17495],{}," starts with three values",[236,97448,97449,11710],{},[15,97450,97451],{},"colors.clear()",[236,97453,97454,97455,97457],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97456,3822],{},", which means an empty set",[219,97459,97461,97463],{"id":97460},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97462,11339],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97465,97466,1846,97468,97470],{},[15,97467,11339],{},[15,97469,3822],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[811,97472,8444,97474],{"id":97473},"using-clear",[15,97475,11339],{},[41,97477,97479],{"className":43,"code":97478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97480,97481,97501,97511,97515,97525,97529,97539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97482,97483,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97484,7805],{"class":56},[50,97486,61],{"class":60},[50,97488,65],{"class":64},[50,97490,3011],{"class":101},[50,97492,89],{"class":64},[50,97494,3016],{"class":101},[50,97496,89],{"class":64},[50,97498,2473],{"class":101},[50,97500,105],{"class":64},[50,97502,97503,97506,97508],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97504,97505],{"class":56},"other_name ",[50,97507,61],{"class":60},[50,97509,97510],{"class":56}," items\n",[50,97512,97513],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97514,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97516,97517,97519,97521,97523],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,97518,7836],{"class":56},[50,97520,129],{"class":64},[50,97522,11400],{"class":125},[50,97524,8671],{"class":64},[50,97526,97527],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,97528,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97530,97531,97533,97535,97537],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,97532,119],{"class":118},[50,97534,122],{"class":64},[50,97536,7836],{"class":125},[50,97538,414],{"class":64},[50,97540,97541,97543,97545,97548],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,97542,119],{"class":118},[50,97544,122],{"class":64},[50,97546,97547],{"class":125},"other_name",[50,97549,414],{"class":64},[20,97551,2091],{},[41,97553,97555],{"className":43,"code":97554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97556,97557,97563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97558,97559,97561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97560,6311],{"class":1779},[50,97562,8671],{"class":64},[50,97564,97565,97567],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97566,6311],{"class":1779},[50,97568,8671],{"class":64},[20,97570,97571,97572,129],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[997,97573,97574],{},"same set object",[811,97576,8444,97578],{"id":97577},"using-set",[15,97579,3822],{},[41,97581,97583],{"className":43,"code":97582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97584,97585,97605,97613,97617,97627,97631,97641],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97586,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601,97603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97588,7805],{"class":56},[50,97590,61],{"class":60},[50,97592,65],{"class":64},[50,97594,3011],{"class":101},[50,97596,89],{"class":64},[50,97598,3016],{"class":101},[50,97600,89],{"class":64},[50,97602,2473],{"class":101},[50,97604,105],{"class":64},[50,97606,97607,97609,97611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97608,97505],{"class":56},[50,97610,61],{"class":60},[50,97612,97510],{"class":56},[50,97614,97615],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97616,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97618,97619,97621,97623,97625],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,97620,7805],{"class":56},[50,97622,61],{"class":60},[50,97624,15634],{"class":1779},[50,97626,8671],{"class":64},[50,97628,97629],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,97630,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97632,97633,97635,97637,97639],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,97634,119],{"class":118},[50,97636,122],{"class":64},[50,97638,7836],{"class":125},[50,97640,414],{"class":64},[50,97642,97643,97645,97647,97649],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,97644,119],{"class":118},[50,97646,122],{"class":64},[50,97648,97547],{"class":125},[50,97650,414],{"class":64},[20,97652,2091],{},[41,97654,97656],{"className":43,"code":97655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97657,97658,97664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97659,97660,97662],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97661,6311],{"class":1779},[50,97663,8671],{"class":64},[50,97665,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674,97676,97678],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97667,9304],{"class":64},[50,97669,3011],{"class":101},[50,97671,89],{"class":64},[50,97673,3016],{"class":101},[50,97675,89],{"class":64},[50,97677,2473],{"class":101},[50,97679,105],{"class":64},[20,97681,1212,97682,92914,97685,97688,97689,129,97691,97693,97694,97696],{},[15,97683,97684],{},"items = set()",[997,97686,97687],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97690,7836],{},[9870,97692],{},"\nBut ",[15,97695,97547],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97698,97699],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97701,97702,97703,129],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[380,97704,96154],{"href":97705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[219,97707,17411],{"id":17410},[20,97709,97710,14059,97712,97714],{},[15,97711,11339],{},[997,97713,1262],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97716,5170,97717,129],{},[15,97718,38],{},[41,97720,97722],{"className":43,"code":97721,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97723,97724,97744,97748,97762,97766,97776],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97725,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97727,3647],{"class":56},[50,97729,61],{"class":60},[50,97731,65],{"class":64},[50,97733,3011],{"class":101},[50,97735,89],{"class":64},[50,97737,3016],{"class":101},[50,97739,89],{"class":64},[50,97741,2473],{"class":101},[50,97743,105],{"class":64},[50,97745,97746],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97747,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97749,97750,97752,97754,97756,97758,97760],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97751,2250],{"class":56},[50,97753,61],{"class":60},[50,97755,4287],{"class":56},[50,97757,129],{"class":64},[50,97759,11400],{"class":125},[50,97761,8671],{"class":64},[50,97763,97764],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,97765,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97767,97768,97770,97772,97774],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,97769,119],{"class":118},[50,97771,122],{"class":64},[50,97773,2285],{"class":125},[50,97775,414],{"class":64},[50,97777,97778,97780,97782,97784],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,97779,119],{"class":118},[50,97781,122],{"class":64},[50,97783,3678],{"class":125},[50,97785,414],{"class":64},[20,97787,2091],{},[41,97789,97791],{"className":43,"code":97790,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\nset()\n",[15,97792,97793,97797],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97794,97795],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97796,11821],{"class":1494},[50,97798,97799,97801],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97800,6311],{"class":1779},[50,97802,8671],{"class":64},[20,97804,97805],{},"Do not do this:",[41,97807,97809],{"className":43,"code":97808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97810,97811,97831,97845,97849],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97812,97813,97815,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827,97829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97814,3647],{"class":56},[50,97816,61],{"class":60},[50,97818,65],{"class":64},[50,97820,3011],{"class":101},[50,97822,89],{"class":64},[50,97824,3016],{"class":101},[50,97826,89],{"class":64},[50,97828,2473],{"class":101},[50,97830,105],{"class":64},[50,97832,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97834,3647],{"class":56},[50,97836,61],{"class":60},[50,97838,4287],{"class":56},[50,97840,129],{"class":64},[50,97842,11400],{"class":125},[50,97844,8671],{"class":64},[50,97846,97847],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97848,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97850,97851,97853,97855,97857],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,97852,119],{"class":118},[50,97854,122],{"class":64},[50,97856,3678],{"class":125},[50,97858,414],{"class":64},[20,97860,2091],{},[41,97862,97863],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,97864,97865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97866,97867],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97868,11821],{"class":1494},[20,97870,21987,97871,35,97873,97875,97876,97878,97879,129],{},[15,97872,54376],{},[15,97874,38],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97877,38],{}," back to ",[15,97880,3678],{},[219,97882,4543],{"id":4542},[20,97884,10767,97885,129],{},[15,97886,97222],{},[811,97888,12606,97890],{"id":97889},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97891,11339],{},[20,97893,16643],{},[41,97895,97897],{"className":43,"code":97896,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97898,97899,97919,97933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97900,97901,97903,97905,97907,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97902,15629],{"class":56},[50,97904,61],{"class":60},[50,97906,65],{"class":64},[50,97908,3011],{"class":101},[50,97910,89],{"class":64},[50,97912,3016],{"class":101},[50,97914,89],{"class":64},[50,97916,2473],{"class":101},[50,97918,105],{"class":64},[50,97920,97921,97923,97925,97927,97929,97931],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97922,15629],{"class":56},[50,97924,61],{"class":60},[50,97926,96746],{"class":56},[50,97928,129],{"class":64},[50,97930,11400],{"class":125},[50,97932,8671],{"class":64},[50,97934,97935,97937,97939,97941],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97936,119],{"class":118},[50,97938,122],{"class":64},[50,97940,15667],{"class":125},[50,97942,414],{"class":64},[20,97944,2091],{},[41,97946,97947],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,97948,97949],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97950,97951],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97952,11821],{"class":1494},[20,97954,16655],{},[41,97956,97958],{"className":43,"code":97957,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97959,97960,97980,97990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97961,97962,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97963,15629],{"class":56},[50,97965,61],{"class":60},[50,97967,65],{"class":64},[50,97969,3011],{"class":101},[50,97971,89],{"class":64},[50,97973,3016],{"class":101},[50,97975,89],{"class":64},[50,97977,2473],{"class":101},[50,97979,105],{"class":64},[50,97981,97982,97984,97986,97988],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97983,15667],{"class":56},[50,97985,129],{"class":64},[50,97987,11400],{"class":125},[50,97989,8671],{"class":64},[50,97991,97992,97994,97996,97998],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97993,119],{"class":118},[50,97995,122],{"class":64},[50,97997,15667],{"class":125},[50,97999,414],{"class":64},[20,98001,2091],{},[41,98003,98004],{"className":43,"code":97280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98005,98006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98007,98008,98010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98009,6311],{"class":1779},[50,98011,8671],{"class":64},[811,98013,8480,98015,98017],{"id":98014},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98016,11339],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98019,98020,98022,98023,98025],{},[15,98021,11339],{}," removes ",[997,98024,3743],{}," items from the set.",[20,98027,98028,98029,2901,98034,129],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[380,98030,98032],{"href":98031},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98033,55345],{},[380,98035,98037],{"href":98036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98038,12773],{},[811,98040,8444,98042,98044],{"id":98041},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98043,1240],{}," for an empty set",[20,98046,25490],{},[41,98048,98050],{"className":43,"code":98049,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98051,98052,98061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98053,98054,98057,98059],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98055,98056],{"class":56},"empty_value ",[50,98058,61],{"class":60},[50,98060,9862],{"class":64},[50,98062,98063,98065,98067,98069,98071,98074],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98064,119],{"class":118},[50,98066,122],{"class":64},[50,98068,1780],{"class":1779},[50,98070,122],{"class":64},[50,98072,98073],{"class":125},"empty_value",[50,98075,1770],{"class":64},[20,98077,2091],{},[41,98079,98080],{"className":43,"code":8837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98081,98082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98083,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092,98094],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98085,3315],{"class":60},[50,98087,3318],{"class":2085},[50,98089,3321],{"class":68},[50,98091,8850],{"class":72},[50,98093,1736],{"class":68},[50,98095,3328],{"class":60},[20,98097,98098,8817],{},[15,98099,1240],{},[20,98101,98102],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[41,98104,98106],{"className":43,"code":98105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98107,98108,98119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98109,98110,98113,98115,98117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98111,98112],{"class":56},"empty_set ",[50,98114,61],{"class":60},[50,98116,15634],{"class":1779},[50,98118,8671],{"class":64},[50,98120,98121,98123,98125,98127,98129,98132],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98122,119],{"class":118},[50,98124,122],{"class":64},[50,98126,1780],{"class":1779},[50,98128,122],{"class":64},[50,98130,98131],{"class":125},"empty_set",[50,98133,1770],{"class":64},[20,98135,2091],{},[41,98137,98138],{"className":43,"code":8881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98139,98140],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98141,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98143,3315],{"class":60},[50,98145,3318],{"class":2085},[50,98147,3321],{"class":68},[50,98149,6311],{"class":72},[50,98151,1736],{"class":68},[50,98153,3328],{"class":60},[811,98155,98157],{"id":98156},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[41,98159,98161],{"className":43,"code":98160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98162,98163,98187,98195,98199,98209,98213,98223],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98164,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183,98185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98166,2577],{"class":56},[50,98168,61],{"class":60},[50,98170,65],{"class":64},[50,98172,69],{"class":68},[50,98174,2194],{"class":72},[50,98176,69],{"class":68},[50,98178,89],{"class":64},[50,98180,81],{"class":68},[50,98182,11759],{"class":72},[50,98184,69],{"class":68},[50,98186,105],{"class":64},[50,98188,98189,98191,98193],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98190,2605],{"class":56},[50,98192,61],{"class":60},[50,98194,35982],{"class":56},[50,98196,98197],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,98198,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,98200,98201,98203,98205,98207],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,98202,380],{"class":56},[50,98204,129],{"class":64},[50,98206,11400],{"class":125},[50,98208,8671],{"class":64},[50,98210,98211],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,98212,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,98214,98215,98217,98219,98221],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,98216,119],{"class":118},[50,98218,122],{"class":64},[50,98220,380],{"class":125},[50,98222,414],{"class":64},[50,98224,98225,98227,98229,98231],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,98226,119],{"class":118},[50,98228,122],{"class":64},[50,98230,4784],{"class":125},[50,98232,414],{"class":64},[20,98234,2091],{},[41,98236,98237],{"className":43,"code":97554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98238,98239,98245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98240,98241,98243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98242,6311],{"class":1779},[50,98244,8671],{"class":64},[50,98246,98247,98249],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98248,6311],{"class":1779},[50,98250,8671],{"class":64},[20,98252,28862,98253,1846,98255,98257],{},[15,98254,380],{},[15,98256,4784],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[219,98259,1857],{"id":1856},[811,98261,5164,98263,5167],{"id":98262},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98264,97222],{},[20,98266,5170,98267,98269],{},[15,98268,38],{},". It empties the set in place.",[811,98271,1861,98273,98275],{"id":98272},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98274,11339],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98277,98278],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[811,98280,98282],{"id":98281},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98284,98285,98286,98288,98289,129],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98287,11339],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98290,3822],{},[811,98292,5202,98294,1846,98296,1867],{"id":98293},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98295,11339],{},[15,98297,3822],{},[20,98299,98300,98302,98303,98305],{},[15,98301,11339],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98304,3822],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[219,98307,1909],{"id":1908},[233,98309,98310,98314,98318,98325,98331,98337],{},[236,98311,98312],{},[380,98313,96150],{"href":97321},[236,98315,98316],{},[380,98317,97160],{"href":97705},[236,98319,98320],{},[380,98321,96636,98323,1845],{"href":98322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98324,96025],{},[236,98326,98327],{},[380,98328,96636,98329,1845],{"href":98031},[15,98330,55345],{},[236,98332,98333],{},[380,98334,96636,98335,1845],{"href":98036},[15,98336,12773],{},[236,98338,98339],{},[380,98340,96636,98342,1845],{"href":98341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98343,14958],{},[1944,98345,98346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":98348},[98349,98351,98352,98353,98360,98361,98370,98379],{"id":97296,"depth":108,"text":98350},"What set.clear() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":97460,"depth":108,"text":98354,"children":98355},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98356,98358],{"id":97473,"depth":115,"text":98357},"Using clear()",{"id":97577,"depth":115,"text":98359},"Using set()",{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":98362},[98363,98365,98367,98369],{"id":97889,"depth":115,"text":98364},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98014,"depth":115,"text":98366},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98041,"depth":115,"text":98368},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98156,"depth":115,"text":98157},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":98371},[98372,98374,98376,98377],{"id":98262,"depth":115,"text":98373},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98272,"depth":115,"text":98375},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98281,"depth":115,"text":98282},{"id":98293,"depth":115,"text":98378},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97210,"description":98380},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98387,"title":98388,"body":98389,"description":100221,"extension":1981,"meta":100222,"navigation":111,"path":96153,"seo":100223,"stem":100224,"__hash__":100225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98390,"toc":100178},[98391,98394,98397,98400,98402,98505,98509,98556,98562,98564,98583,98587,98590,98592,98606,98615,98619,98622,98657,98661,98681,98684,98688,98691,98752,98756,98781,98788,98794,98799,98801,98813,98817,98866,98870,98894,98901,98905,98946,98950,98971,98975,99008,99012,99053,99056,99060,99065,99104,99108,99133,99138,99144,99181,99185,99208,99212,99214,99217,99220,99297,99301,99338,99341,99345,99351,99354,99364,99413,99419,99425,99452,99455,99477,99479,99510,99513,99517,99521,99560,99564,99627,99630,99663,99667,99692,99694,99697,99703,99706,99733,99736,99754,99758,99762,99765,99808,99811,99815,99818,99821,99851,99854,99858,99861,99876,99881,99885,99888,99977,99979,99982,100072,100075,100093,100095,100099,100109,100113,100121,100125,100128,100132,100135,100139,100142,100144,100172,100175],[10,98392,98388],{"id":98393},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98395,98396],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98398,98399],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[219,98401,3637],{"id":3636},[41,98403,98405],{"className":43,"code":98404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98406,98407,98427,98461,98471,98475,98485,98495],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98408,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417,98419,98421,98423,98425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98410,3647],{"class":56},[50,98412,61],{"class":60},[50,98414,65],{"class":64},[50,98416,3011],{"class":101},[50,98418,89],{"class":64},[50,98420,3016],{"class":101},[50,98422,89],{"class":64},[50,98424,2473],{"class":101},[50,98426,105],{"class":64},[50,98428,98429,98431,98433,98435,98437,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98430,4093],{"class":56},[50,98432,61],{"class":60},[50,98434,15634],{"class":1779},[50,98436,3008],{"class":64},[50,98438,69],{"class":68},[50,98440,4102],{"class":72},[50,98442,69],{"class":68},[50,98444,89],{"class":64},[50,98446,81],{"class":68},[50,98448,4111],{"class":72},[50,98450,69],{"class":68},[50,98452,89],{"class":64},[50,98454,81],{"class":68},[50,98456,4102],{"class":72},[50,98458,69],{"class":68},[50,98460,3911],{"class":64},[50,98462,98463,98465,98467,98469],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,98464,98112],{"class":56},[50,98466,61],{"class":60},[50,98468,15634],{"class":1779},[50,98470,8671],{"class":64},[50,98472,98473],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,98474,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,98476,98477,98479,98481,98483],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,98478,119],{"class":118},[50,98480,122],{"class":64},[50,98482,3678],{"class":125},[50,98484,414],{"class":64},[50,98486,98487,98489,98491,98493],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,98488,119],{"class":118},[50,98490,122],{"class":64},[50,98492,4137],{"class":125},[50,98494,414],{"class":64},[50,98496,98497,98499,98501,98503],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,98498,119],{"class":118},[50,98500,122],{"class":64},[50,98502,98131],{"class":125},[50,98504,414],{"class":64},[20,98506,98507],{},[997,98508,2091],{},[41,98510,98512],{"className":43,"code":98511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98513,98514,98530,98550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98515,98516,98518,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98517,9304],{"class":64},[50,98519,3011],{"class":101},[50,98521,89],{"class":64},[50,98523,3016],{"class":101},[50,98525,89],{"class":64},[50,98527,2473],{"class":101},[50,98529,105],{"class":64},[50,98531,98532,98534,98536,98538,98540,98542,98544,98546,98548],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98533,9304],{"class":64},[50,98535,1736],{"class":68},[50,98537,4111],{"class":72},[50,98539,1736],{"class":68},[50,98541,89],{"class":64},[50,98543,3321],{"class":68},[50,98545,4102],{"class":72},[50,98547,1736],{"class":68},[50,98549,105],{"class":64},[50,98551,98552,98554],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,98553,6311],{"class":1779},[50,98555,8671],{"class":64},[20,98557,98558,98559,98561],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98560,3822],{}," for an empty set.",[219,98563,15167],{"id":15166},[233,98565,98566,98569,98574,98577,98580],{},[236,98567,98568],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[236,98570,98571,98572],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98573,3822],{},[236,98575,98576],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[236,98578,98579],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[236,98581,98582],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[219,98584,98586],{"id":98585},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98588,98589],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98591,30342],{},[233,98593,98594,98597,98600,98603],{},[236,98595,98596],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[236,98598,98599],{},"Sets are unordered",[236,98601,98602],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[236,98604,98605],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98607,98608,98609,2901,98611,129],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[380,98610,96150],{"href":97321},[380,98612,98614],{"href":98613},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[219,98616,98618],{"id":98617},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98620,98621],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[41,98623,98625],{"className":43,"code":98624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98626,98627,98647],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98628,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98630,3647],{"class":56},[50,98632,61],{"class":60},[50,98634,65],{"class":64},[50,98636,3011],{"class":101},[50,98638,89],{"class":64},[50,98640,3016],{"class":101},[50,98642,89],{"class":64},[50,98644,2473],{"class":101},[50,98646,105],{"class":64},[50,98648,98649,98651,98653,98655],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98650,119],{"class":118},[50,98652,122],{"class":64},[50,98654,3678],{"class":125},[50,98656,414],{"class":64},[20,98658,98659],{},[997,98660,29831],{},[41,98662,98663],{"className":43,"code":96429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98664,98665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98666,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98668,9304],{"class":64},[50,98670,3011],{"class":101},[50,98672,89],{"class":64},[50,98674,3016],{"class":101},[50,98676,89],{"class":64},[50,98678,2473],{"class":101},[50,98680,105],{"class":64},[20,98682,98683],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[811,98685,98687],{"id":98686},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98689,98690],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[41,98692,98694],{"className":43,"code":98693,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98695,98696,98728,98738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98697,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724,98726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98699,3647],{"class":56},[50,98701,61],{"class":60},[50,98703,65],{"class":64},[50,98705,3011],{"class":101},[50,98707,89],{"class":64},[50,98709,3016],{"class":101},[50,98711,89],{"class":64},[50,98713,3016],{"class":101},[50,98715,89],{"class":64},[50,98717,2473],{"class":101},[50,98719,89],{"class":64},[50,98721,2473],{"class":101},[50,98723,89],{"class":64},[50,98725,2473],{"class":101},[50,98727,105],{"class":64},[50,98729,98730,98732,98734,98736],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98731,119],{"class":118},[50,98733,122],{"class":64},[50,98735,3678],{"class":125},[50,98737,414],{"class":64},[50,98739,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,98741,119],{"class":118},[50,98743,122],{"class":64},[50,98745,11181],{"class":118},[50,98747,122],{"class":64},[50,98749,3678],{"class":125},[50,98751,1770],{"class":64},[20,98753,98754],{},[997,98755,29831],{},[41,98757,98759],{"className":43,"code":98758,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98760,98761,98777],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98762,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98764,9304],{"class":64},[50,98766,3011],{"class":101},[50,98768,89],{"class":64},[50,98770,3016],{"class":101},[50,98772,89],{"class":64},[50,98774,2473],{"class":101},[50,98776,105],{"class":64},[50,98778,98779],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98780,46430],{"class":101},[20,98782,1423,98783,1846,98785,98787],{},[15,98784,2076],{},[15,98786,2082],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[219,98789,98791,98792],{"id":98790},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98793,3822],{},[20,98795,212,98796,98798],{},[15,98797,3822],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98800,5480],{},[233,98802,98803,98805,98807,98809],{},[236,98804,96909],{},[236,98806,96205],{},[236,98808,56281],{},[236,98810,98811],{},[15,98812,36005],{},[811,98814,98816],{"id":98815},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[41,98818,98820],{"className":43,"code":98819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98821,98822,98856],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98823,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98825,3647],{"class":56},[50,98827,61],{"class":60},[50,98829,15634],{"class":1779},[50,98831,3008],{"class":64},[50,98833,3011],{"class":101},[50,98835,89],{"class":64},[50,98837,3016],{"class":101},[50,98839,89],{"class":64},[50,98841,3016],{"class":101},[50,98843,89],{"class":64},[50,98845,2473],{"class":101},[50,98847,89],{"class":64},[50,98849,2473],{"class":101},[50,98851,89],{"class":64},[50,98853,2479],{"class":101},[50,98855,3911],{"class":64},[50,98857,98858,98860,98862,98864],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98859,119],{"class":118},[50,98861,122],{"class":64},[50,98863,3678],{"class":125},[50,98865,414],{"class":64},[20,98867,98868],{},[997,98869,29831],{},[41,98871,98872],{"className":43,"code":96092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98873,98874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98875,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98877,9304],{"class":64},[50,98879,3011],{"class":101},[50,98881,89],{"class":64},[50,98883,3016],{"class":101},[50,98885,89],{"class":64},[50,98887,2473],{"class":101},[50,98889,89],{"class":64},[50,98891,2479],{"class":101},[50,98893,105],{"class":64},[20,98895,98896,98897,129],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[380,98898,98900],{"href":98899},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[811,98902,98904],{"id":98903},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[41,98906,98908],{"className":43,"code":98907,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98909,98910,98936],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98911,98912,98914,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98913,3848],{"class":56},[50,98915,61],{"class":60},[50,98917,15634],{"class":1779},[50,98919,5534],{"class":64},[50,98921,2352],{"class":101},[50,98923,89],{"class":64},[50,98925,7816],{"class":101},[50,98927,89],{"class":64},[50,98929,7816],{"class":101},[50,98931,89],{"class":64},[50,98933,7821],{"class":101},[50,98935,1770],{"class":64},[50,98937,98938,98940,98942,98944],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98939,119],{"class":118},[50,98941,122],{"class":64},[50,98943,5382],{"class":125},[50,98945,414],{"class":64},[20,98947,98948],{},[997,98949,29831],{},[41,98951,98953],{"className":43,"code":98952,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98954,98955],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98956,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98958,9304],{"class":64},[50,98960,2352],{"class":101},[50,98962,89],{"class":64},[50,98964,7816],{"class":101},[50,98966,89],{"class":64},[50,98968,7821],{"class":101},[50,98970,105],{"class":64},[811,98972,98974],{"id":98973},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[41,98976,98978],{"className":43,"code":98977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98979,98980,98998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98981,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98983,35897],{"class":56},[50,98985,61],{"class":60},[50,98987,15634],{"class":1779},[50,98989,122],{"class":64},[50,98991,69],{"class":68},[50,98993,3870],{"class":72},[50,98995,69],{"class":68},[50,98997,414],{"class":64},[50,98999,99000,99002,99004,99006],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99001,119],{"class":118},[50,99003,122],{"class":64},[50,99005,35950],{"class":125},[50,99007,414],{"class":64},[20,99009,99010],{},[997,99011,29831],{},[41,99013,99015],{"className":43,"code":99014,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99016,99017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99018,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99020,9304],{"class":64},[50,99022,1736],{"class":68},[50,99024,60256],{"class":72},[50,99026,1736],{"class":68},[50,99028,89],{"class":64},[50,99030,3321],{"class":68},[50,99032,60265],{"class":72},[50,99034,1736],{"class":68},[50,99036,89],{"class":64},[50,99038,3321],{"class":68},[50,99040,60274],{"class":72},[50,99042,1736],{"class":68},[50,99044,89],{"class":64},[50,99046,3321],{"class":68},[50,99048,60291],{"class":72},[50,99050,1736],{"class":68},[50,99052,105],{"class":64},[20,99054,99055],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[219,99057,99059],{"id":99058},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99061,99062,99063,129],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99064,3822],{},[41,99066,99068],{"className":43,"code":99067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99069,99070,99080,99090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99071,99072,99074,99076,99078],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99073,98112],{"class":56},[50,99075,61],{"class":60},[50,99077,15634],{"class":1779},[50,99079,8671],{"class":64},[50,99081,99082,99084,99086,99088],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99083,119],{"class":118},[50,99085,122],{"class":64},[50,99087,98131],{"class":125},[50,99089,414],{"class":64},[50,99091,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,99093,119],{"class":118},[50,99095,122],{"class":64},[50,99097,1780],{"class":1779},[50,99099,122],{"class":64},[50,99101,98131],{"class":125},[50,99103,1770],{"class":64},[20,99105,99106],{},[997,99107,2091],{},[41,99109,99111],{"className":43,"code":99110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99112,99113,99119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99114,99115,99117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99116,6311],{"class":1779},[50,99118,8671],{"class":64},[50,99120,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99122,3315],{"class":60},[50,99124,3318],{"class":2085},[50,99126,3321],{"class":68},[50,99128,6311],{"class":72},[50,99130,1736],{"class":68},[50,99132,3328],{"class":60},[811,99134,44241,99136],{"id":99135},"do-not-use",[15,99137,1240],{},[20,99139,99140,99141,99143],{},"Empty braces do ",[997,99142,1262],{}," create a set.",[41,99145,99147],{"className":43,"code":99146,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99148,99149,99157,99167],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99150,99151,99153,99155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99152,98056],{"class":56},[50,99154,61],{"class":60},[50,99156,9862],{"class":64},[50,99158,99159,99161,99163,99165],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99160,119],{"class":118},[50,99162,122],{"class":64},[50,99164,98073],{"class":125},[50,99166,414],{"class":64},[50,99168,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,99170,119],{"class":118},[50,99172,122],{"class":64},[50,99174,1780],{"class":1779},[50,99176,122],{"class":64},[50,99178,98073],{"class":125},[50,99180,1770],{"class":64},[20,99182,99183],{},[997,99184,2091],{},[41,99186,99188],{"className":43,"code":99187,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99189,99190,99194],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99191,99192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99193,9458],{"class":64},[50,99195,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99197,3315],{"class":60},[50,99199,3318],{"class":2085},[50,99201,3321],{"class":68},[50,99203,8850],{"class":72},[50,99205,1736],{"class":68},[50,99207,3328],{"class":60},[20,99209,99210,8817],{},[15,99211,1240],{},[219,99213,72088],{"id":72087},[20,99215,99216],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99218,99219],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[41,99221,99223],{"className":43,"code":99222,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99224,99225,99273,99283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99226,99227,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99228,4093],{"class":56},[50,99230,61],{"class":60},[50,99232,65],{"class":64},[50,99234,69],{"class":68},[50,99236,4102],{"class":72},[50,99238,69],{"class":68},[50,99240,89],{"class":64},[50,99242,81],{"class":68},[50,99244,4111],{"class":72},[50,99246,69],{"class":68},[50,99248,89],{"class":64},[50,99250,81],{"class":68},[50,99252,4102],{"class":72},[50,99254,69],{"class":68},[50,99256,89],{"class":64},[50,99258,81],{"class":68},[50,99260,4102],{"class":72},[50,99262,69],{"class":68},[50,99264,89],{"class":64},[50,99266,81],{"class":68},[50,99268,33024],{"class":72},[50,99270,69],{"class":68},[50,99272,105],{"class":64},[50,99274,99275,99277,99279,99281],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99276,119],{"class":118},[50,99278,122],{"class":64},[50,99280,4137],{"class":125},[50,99282,414],{"class":64},[50,99284,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,99286,119],{"class":118},[50,99288,122],{"class":64},[50,99290,11181],{"class":118},[50,99292,122],{"class":64},[50,99294,4137],{"class":125},[50,99296,1770],{"class":64},[20,99298,99299],{},[997,99300,29831],{},[41,99302,99304],{"className":43,"code":99303,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99305,99306,99334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99307,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99309,9304],{"class":64},[50,99311,1736],{"class":68},[50,99313,4111],{"class":72},[50,99315,1736],{"class":68},[50,99317,89],{"class":64},[50,99319,3321],{"class":68},[50,99321,33024],{"class":72},[50,99323,1736],{"class":68},[50,99325,89],{"class":64},[50,99327,3321],{"class":68},[50,99329,4102],{"class":72},[50,99331,1736],{"class":68},[50,99333,105],{"class":64},[50,99335,99336],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99337,46430],{"class":101},[20,99339,99340],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[219,99342,99344],{"id":99343},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99346,99347,99348,99350],{},"Set items must be ",[997,99349,96193],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99352,99353],{},"These usually work:",[233,99355,99356,99358,99360,99362],{},[236,99357,56278],{},[236,99359,56281],{},[236,99361,96205],{},[236,99363,40405],{},[41,99365,99367],{"className":43,"code":99366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99368,99369,99403],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99370,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99372,3848],{"class":56},[50,99374,61],{"class":60},[50,99376,65],{"class":64},[50,99378,3011],{"class":101},[50,99380,89],{"class":64},[50,99382,81],{"class":68},[50,99384,4102],{"class":72},[50,99386,69],{"class":68},[50,99388,89],{"class":64},[50,99390,9262],{"class":64},[50,99392,2352],{"class":101},[50,99394,89],{"class":64},[50,99396,7816],{"class":101},[50,99398,9259],{"class":64},[50,99400,3938],{"class":1494},[50,99402,105],{"class":64},[50,99404,99405,99407,99409,99411],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99406,119],{"class":118},[50,99408,122],{"class":64},[50,99410,5382],{"class":125},[50,99412,414],{"class":64},[20,99414,99415,99416,99418],{},"These do ",[997,99417,1262],{}," work directly:",[233,99420,99421,99423],{},[236,99422,96909],{},[236,99424,96912],{},[41,99426,99428],{"className":43,"code":99427,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99429,99430],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99431,99432,99435,99437,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99433,99434],{"class":56},"bad_set ",[50,99436,61],{"class":60},[50,99438,99439],{"class":64}," {[",[50,99441,3011],{"class":101},[50,99443,89],{"class":64},[50,99445,3016],{"class":101},[50,99447,89],{"class":64},[50,99449,2473],{"class":101},[50,99451,13713],{"class":64},[20,99453,99454],{},"This raises an error:",[41,99456,99457],{"className":43,"code":96968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99458,99459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99460,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99462,3029],{"class":1779},[50,99464,78],{"class":64},[50,99466,96979],{"class":56},[50,99468,1780],{"class":1779},[50,99470,78],{"class":64},[50,99472,3321],{"class":68},[50,99474,8119],{"class":72},[50,99476,29501],{"class":68},[20,99478,51895],{},[41,99480,99482],{"className":43,"code":99481,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99483,99484],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99485,99486,99488,99490,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99487,99434],{"class":56},[50,99489,61],{"class":60},[50,99491,99492],{"class":64}," {{",[50,99494,69],{"class":68},[50,99496,73],{"class":72},[50,99498,69],{"class":68},[50,99500,78],{"class":64},[50,99502,81],{"class":68},[50,99504,7702],{"class":72},[50,99506,69],{"class":68},[50,99508,99509],{"class":64},"}}\n",[20,99511,99512],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[219,99514,99516],{"id":99515},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[811,99518,99520],{"id":99519},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[41,99522,99524],{"className":43,"code":99523,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99525,99526,99550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99527,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99529,3647],{"class":56},[50,99531,61],{"class":60},[50,99533,65],{"class":64},[50,99535,3011],{"class":101},[50,99537,89],{"class":64},[50,99539,3016],{"class":101},[50,99541,89],{"class":64},[50,99543,2473],{"class":101},[50,99545,89],{"class":64},[50,99547,2479],{"class":101},[50,99549,105],{"class":64},[50,99551,99552,99554,99556,99558],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99553,119],{"class":118},[50,99555,122],{"class":64},[50,99557,3678],{"class":125},[50,99559,414],{"class":64},[811,99561,99563],{"id":99562},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[41,99565,99567],{"className":43,"code":99566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99568,99569,99597,99612,99616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99570,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99572,7805],{"class":56},[50,99574,61],{"class":60},[50,99576,3652],{"class":64},[50,99578,3011],{"class":101},[50,99580,89],{"class":64},[50,99582,5521],{"class":101},[50,99584,89],{"class":64},[50,99586,3016],{"class":101},[50,99588,89],{"class":64},[50,99590,2473],{"class":101},[50,99592,89],{"class":64},[50,99594,2473],{"class":101},[50,99596,788],{"class":64},[50,99598,99599,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99600,99601],{"class":56},"unique_items ",[50,99603,61],{"class":60},[50,99605,15634],{"class":1779},[50,99607,122],{"class":64},[50,99609,7836],{"class":125},[50,99611,414],{"class":64},[50,99613,99614],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,99615,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,99617,99618,99620,99622,99625],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,99619,119],{"class":118},[50,99621,122],{"class":64},[50,99623,99624],{"class":125},"unique_items",[50,99626,414],{"class":64},[811,99628,98974],{"id":99629},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[41,99631,99633],{"className":43,"code":99632,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99634,99635,99653],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99636,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99638,35897],{"class":56},[50,99640,61],{"class":60},[50,99642,15634],{"class":1779},[50,99644,122],{"class":64},[50,99646,69],{"class":68},[50,99648,4111],{"class":72},[50,99650,69],{"class":68},[50,99652,414],{"class":64},[50,99654,99655,99657,99659,99661],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99656,119],{"class":118},[50,99658,122],{"class":64},[50,99660,35950],{"class":125},[50,99662,414],{"class":64},[811,99664,99666],{"id":99665},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[41,99668,99670],{"className":43,"code":99669,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99671,99672,99682],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99673,99674,99676,99678,99680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99675,98112],{"class":56},[50,99677,61],{"class":60},[50,99679,15634],{"class":1779},[50,99681,8671],{"class":64},[50,99683,99684,99686,99688,99690],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99685,119],{"class":118},[50,99687,122],{"class":64},[50,99689,98131],{"class":125},[50,99691,414],{"class":64},[219,99693,1663],{"id":1662},[20,99695,99696],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[811,99698,8444,99700,99702],{"id":99699},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99701,1240],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99704,99705],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[41,99707,99709],{"className":43,"code":99708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99710,99711,99719],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99712,99713,99715,99717],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99714,2468],{"class":56},[50,99716,61],{"class":60},[50,99718,9862],{"class":64},[50,99720,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99722,119],{"class":118},[50,99724,122],{"class":64},[50,99726,1780],{"class":1779},[50,99728,122],{"class":64},[50,99730,2495],{"class":125},[50,99732,1770],{"class":64},[20,99734,99735],{},"This prints:",[41,99737,99738],{"className":43,"code":8837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99739,99740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99741,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99743,3315],{"class":60},[50,99745,3318],{"class":2085},[50,99747,3321],{"class":68},[50,99749,8850],{"class":72},[50,99751,1736],{"class":68},[50,99753,3328],{"class":60},[20,99755,212,99756,6656],{},[15,99757,3822],{},[811,99759,99761],{"id":99760},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99763,99764],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[41,99766,99768],{"className":43,"code":99767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99769,99770,99798],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99771,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99773,3647],{"class":56},[50,99775,61],{"class":60},[50,99777,65],{"class":64},[50,99779,3011],{"class":101},[50,99781,89],{"class":64},[50,99783,5521],{"class":101},[50,99785,89],{"class":64},[50,99787,3016],{"class":101},[50,99789,89],{"class":64},[50,99791,3016],{"class":101},[50,99793,89],{"class":64},[50,99795,2473],{"class":101},[50,99797,105],{"class":64},[50,99799,99800,99802,99804,99806],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99801,119],{"class":118},[50,99803,122],{"class":64},[50,99805,3678],{"class":125},[50,99807,414],{"class":64},[20,99809,99810],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[811,99812,99814],{"id":99813},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99816,99817],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99819,99820],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[41,99822,99824],{"className":43,"code":99823,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99825,99826,99846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99827,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99829,3647],{"class":56},[50,99831,61],{"class":60},[50,99833,65],{"class":64},[50,99835,2352],{"class":101},[50,99837,89],{"class":64},[50,99839,7816],{"class":101},[50,99841,89],{"class":64},[50,99843,7821],{"class":101},[50,99845,105],{"class":64},[50,99847,99848],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99849,99850],{"class":146},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99852,99853],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[811,99855,99857],{"id":99856},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99859,99860],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[41,99862,99864],{"className":43,"code":99863,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99865,99866,99871],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99867,99868],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99869,99870],{"class":146},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[50,99872,99873],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99874,99875],{"class":146},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99877,99878,99879,129],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99880,3029],{},[811,99882,99884],{"id":99883},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99886,99887],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[41,99889,99891],{"className":43,"code":99890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99892,99893,99913,99945,99949,99963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99894,99895,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99896,15629],{"class":56},[50,99898,61],{"class":60},[50,99900,65],{"class":64},[50,99902,3011],{"class":101},[50,99904,89],{"class":64},[50,99906,3016],{"class":101},[50,99908,89],{"class":64},[50,99910,2473],{"class":101},[50,99912,105],{"class":64},[50,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937,99939,99941,99943],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99916,11738],{"class":56},[50,99918,61],{"class":60},[50,99920,65],{"class":64},[50,99922,69],{"class":68},[50,99924,380],{"class":72},[50,99926,69],{"class":68},[50,99928,78],{"class":64},[50,99930,5521],{"class":101},[50,99932,89],{"class":64},[50,99934,81],{"class":68},[50,99936,4784],{"class":72},[50,99938,69],{"class":68},[50,99940,78],{"class":64},[50,99942,3016],{"class":101},[50,99944,105],{"class":64},[50,99946,99947],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,99948,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,99950,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,99952,119],{"class":118},[50,99954,122],{"class":64},[50,99956,1780],{"class":1779},[50,99958,122],{"class":64},[50,99960,15667],{"class":125},[50,99962,1770],{"class":64},[50,99964,99965,99967,99969,99971,99973,99975],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,99966,119],{"class":118},[50,99968,122],{"class":64},[50,99970,1780],{"class":1779},[50,99972,122],{"class":64},[50,99974,1709],{"class":125},[50,99976,1770],{"class":64},[219,99978,92605],{"id":92604},[20,99980,99981],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[41,99983,99985],{"className":43,"code":99984,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99986,99987,100013,100017,100031,100041,100055,100062],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99988,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003,100005,100007,100009,100011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99990,15629],{"class":56},[50,99992,61],{"class":60},[50,99994,15634],{"class":1779},[50,99996,3008],{"class":64},[50,99998,3011],{"class":101},[50,100000,89],{"class":64},[50,100002,3016],{"class":101},[50,100004,89],{"class":64},[50,100006,3016],{"class":101},[50,100008,89],{"class":64},[50,100010,2473],{"class":101},[50,100012,3911],{"class":64},[50,100014,100015],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100016,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100018,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100020,119],{"class":118},[50,100022,122],{"class":64},[50,100024,1780],{"class":1779},[50,100026,122],{"class":64},[50,100028,15667],{"class":125},[50,100030,1770],{"class":64},[50,100032,100033,100035,100037,100039],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,100034,119],{"class":118},[50,100036,122],{"class":64},[50,100038,15667],{"class":125},[50,100040,414],{"class":64},[50,100042,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,100044,119],{"class":118},[50,100046,122],{"class":64},[50,100048,11181],{"class":118},[50,100050,122],{"class":64},[50,100052,15667],{"class":125},[50,100054,1770],{"class":64},[50,100056,100057,100059],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,100058,119],{"class":118},[50,100060,100061],{"class":64},"({})\n",[50,100063,100064,100066,100068,100070],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,100065,119],{"class":118},[50,100067,122],{"class":64},[50,100069,6311],{"class":1779},[50,100071,1727],{"class":64},[20,100073,100074],{},"Use these to confirm:",[233,100076,100077,100080,100083,100086],{},[236,100078,100079],{},"The object type",[236,100081,100082],{},"The actual values stored",[236,100084,100085],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[236,100087,100088,100089,1846,100091],{},"The difference between ",[15,100090,1240],{},[15,100092,3822],{},[219,100094,1857],{"id":1856},[811,100096,100098],{"id":100097},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100100,100101,100102,100105,100106,100108],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100103,100104],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100107,3822],{}," with another iterable.",[811,100110,100112],{"id":100111},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100114,212,100115,100117,100118,100120],{},[15,100116,3822],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100119,1240],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[811,100122,100124],{"id":100123},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100126,100127],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[811,100129,100131],{"id":100130},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100133,100134],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[811,100136,100138],{"id":100137},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100140,100141],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[219,100143,1909],{"id":1908},[233,100145,100146,100150,100156,100162,100167],{},[236,100147,100148],{},[380,100149,96150],{"href":97321},[236,100151,100152],{},[380,100153,3603,100154,1845],{"href":98322},[15,100155,96030],{},[236,100157,100158],{},[380,100159,3603,100160,1845],{"href":98341},[15,100161,97136],{},[236,100163,100164],{},[380,100165,100166],{"href":98899},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[236,100168,100169],{},[380,100170,100171],{"href":98613},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100173,100174],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1944,100176,100177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":100179},[100180,100181,100182,100183,100186,100192,100196,100197,100198,100204,100212,100213,100220],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":15166,"depth":108,"text":15167},{"id":98585,"depth":108,"text":98586},{"id":98617,"depth":108,"text":98618,"children":100184},[100185],{"id":98686,"depth":115,"text":98687},{"id":98790,"depth":108,"text":100187,"children":100188},"Create a set with set()",[100189,100190,100191],{"id":98815,"depth":115,"text":98816},{"id":98903,"depth":115,"text":98904},{"id":98973,"depth":115,"text":98974},{"id":99058,"depth":108,"text":99059,"children":100193},[100194],{"id":99135,"depth":115,"text":100195},"Do not use {}",{"id":72087,"depth":108,"text":72088},{"id":99343,"depth":108,"text":99344},{"id":99515,"depth":108,"text":99516,"children":100199},[100200,100201,100202,100203],{"id":99519,"depth":115,"text":99520},{"id":99562,"depth":115,"text":99563},{"id":99629,"depth":115,"text":98974},{"id":99665,"depth":115,"text":99666},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":100205},[100206,100208,100209,100210,100211],{"id":99699,"depth":115,"text":100207},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99760,"depth":115,"text":99761},{"id":99813,"depth":115,"text":99814},{"id":99856,"depth":115,"text":99857},{"id":99883,"depth":115,"text":99884},{"id":92604,"depth":108,"text":92605},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":100214},[100215,100216,100217,100218,100219],{"id":100097,"depth":115,"text":100098},{"id":100111,"depth":115,"text":100112},{"id":100123,"depth":115,"text":100124},{"id":100130,"depth":115,"text":100131},{"id":100137,"depth":115,"text":100138},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98388,"description":100221},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100227,"title":100228,"body":100229,"description":102660,"extension":1981,"meta":102661,"navigation":111,"path":102662,"seo":102663,"stem":102664,"__hash__":102665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100230,"toc":102625},[100231,100237,100243,100246,100248,100325,100327,100344,100354,100356,100361,100369,100371,100387,100391,100393,100395,100398,100419,100422,100446,100452,100454,100551,100553,100570,100580,100582,100584,100592,100594,100605,100607,100698,100700,100724,100735,100737,100739,100742,100872,100874,100947,100949,100970,100973,100975,100981,100986,100989,101116,101118,101135,101138,101140,101148,101151,101155,101163,101254,101256,101293,101298,101305,101382,101384,101400,101405,101410,101412,101421,101429,101510,101512,101541,101544,101548,101559,101562,101645,101647,101668,101674,101676,101678,101682,101686,101693,101758,101760,101780,101783,101852,101854,101870,101874,101880,101892,101900,101902,101987,101989,102018,102021,102025,102030,102032,102082,102085,102166,102168,102184,102188,102191,102266,102269,102273,102276,102353,102355,102388,102394,102398,102401,102536,102538,102552,102554,102556,102562,102565,102572,102580,102586,102589,102593,102596,102598,102600,102622],[10,100232,96022,100234,18],{"id":100233},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100235,100236],{},"difference()",[20,100238,100239,100242],{},[15,100240,100241],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100244,100245],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[219,100247,3637],{"id":3636},[41,100249,100251],{"className":43,"code":100250,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100252,100253,100277,100297,100315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100254,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100256,2577],{"class":56},[50,100258,61],{"class":60},[50,100260,65],{"class":64},[50,100262,3011],{"class":101},[50,100264,89],{"class":64},[50,100266,3016],{"class":101},[50,100268,89],{"class":64},[50,100270,2473],{"class":101},[50,100272,89],{"class":64},[50,100274,2479],{"class":101},[50,100276,105],{"class":64},[50,100278,100279,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293,100295],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100280,2605],{"class":56},[50,100282,61],{"class":60},[50,100284,65],{"class":64},[50,100286,2082],{"class":101},[50,100288,89],{"class":64},[50,100290,2479],{"class":101},[50,100292,89],{"class":64},[50,100294,4629],{"class":101},[50,100296,105],{"class":64},[50,100298,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307,100309,100311,100313],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100300,2250],{"class":56},[50,100302,61],{"class":60},[50,100304,56704],{"class":56},[50,100306,129],{"class":64},[50,100308,2835],{"class":125},[50,100310,122],{"class":64},[50,100312,4784],{"class":125},[50,100314,414],{"class":64},[50,100316,100317,100319,100321,100323],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,100318,119],{"class":118},[50,100320,122],{"class":64},[50,100322,2285],{"class":125},[50,100324,414],{"class":64},[20,100326,2091],{},[41,100328,100330],{"className":43,"code":100329,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100331,100332],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100333,100334,100336,100338,100340,100342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100335,9304],{"class":64},[50,100337,3011],{"class":101},[50,100339,89],{"class":64},[50,100341,3016],{"class":101},[50,100343,105],{"class":64},[20,100345,100346,100348,100349,100351,100352,129],{},[15,100347,100236],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100350,380],{}," that are not in ",[15,100353,4784],{},[44729,100355],{},[219,100357,222,100359,225],{"id":100358},"what-difference-does",[15,100360,100236],{},[20,100362,228,100363,100365,100366,100368],{},[15,100364,100236],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[997,100367,1262],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100370,13060],{},[233,100372,100373,100378,100381,100384],{},[236,100374,100375,100377],{},[15,100376,100236],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[236,100379,100380],{},"It creates a new set",[236,100382,100383],{},"It does not change the original set",[236,100385,100386],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100388,96146,100389,129],{},[380,100390,96150],{"href":97321},[44729,100392],{},[219,100394,387],{"id":386},[20,100396,100397],{},"Use this form:",[41,100399,100401],{"className":43,"code":100400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100402,100403],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100404,100405,100408,100410,100412,100414,100417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100406,100407],{"class":56},"set1",[50,100409,129],{"class":64},[50,100411,2835],{"class":125},[50,100413,122],{"class":64},[50,100415,100416],{"class":125},"set2",[50,100418,414],{"class":64},[20,100420,100421],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[41,100423,100425],{"className":43,"code":100424,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100426,100427],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100428,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441,100444],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100430,100407],{"class":56},[50,100432,129],{"class":64},[50,100434,2835],{"class":125},[50,100436,122],{"class":64},[50,100438,100416],{"class":125},[50,100440,89],{"class":64},[50,100442,100443],{"class":125}," set3",[50,100445,414],{"class":64},[20,100447,100448,100449,100451],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[997,100450,5377],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100453,253],{},[41,100455,100457],{"className":43,"code":100456,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100458,100459,100487,100503,100515,100519,100541],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100460,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100462,2577],{"class":56},[50,100464,61],{"class":60},[50,100466,65],{"class":64},[50,100468,3011],{"class":101},[50,100470,89],{"class":64},[50,100472,3016],{"class":101},[50,100474,89],{"class":64},[50,100476,2473],{"class":101},[50,100478,89],{"class":64},[50,100480,2479],{"class":101},[50,100482,89],{"class":64},[50,100484,4629],{"class":101},[50,100486,105],{"class":64},[50,100488,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100490,2605],{"class":56},[50,100492,61],{"class":60},[50,100494,65],{"class":64},[50,100496,2076],{"class":101},[50,100498,89],{"class":64},[50,100500,2473],{"class":101},[50,100502,105],{"class":64},[50,100504,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100506,83005],{"class":56},[50,100508,61],{"class":60},[50,100510,65],{"class":64},[50,100512,2157],{"class":101},[50,100514,105],{"class":64},[50,100516,100517],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,100518,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100520,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,100522,2250],{"class":56},[50,100524,61],{"class":60},[50,100526,56704],{"class":56},[50,100528,129],{"class":64},[50,100530,2835],{"class":125},[50,100532,122],{"class":64},[50,100534,4784],{"class":125},[50,100536,89],{"class":64},[50,100538,9705],{"class":125},[50,100540,414],{"class":64},[50,100542,100543,100545,100547,100549],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,100544,119],{"class":118},[50,100546,122],{"class":64},[50,100548,2285],{"class":125},[50,100550,414],{"class":64},[20,100552,2091],{},[41,100554,100556],{"className":43,"code":100555,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100557,100558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100559,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100561,9304],{"class":64},[50,100563,3011],{"class":101},[50,100565,89],{"class":64},[50,100567,2479],{"class":101},[50,100569,105],{"class":64},[20,100571,100572,100573,100575,100576,2901,100578,129],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100574,380],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100577,4784],{},[15,100579,9763],{},[44729,100581],{},[219,100583,17411],{"id":17410},[20,100585,100586,100588,100589,129],{},[15,100587,100236],{}," always returns a ",[997,100590,100591],{},"new set",[20,100593,43462],{},[233,100595,100596,100599,100602],{},[236,100597,100598],{},"The return value is a new set",[236,100600,100601],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[236,100603,100604],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100606,253],{},[41,100608,100610],{"className":43,"code":100609,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100611,100612,100628,100648,100652,100670,100674,100684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100613,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100615,2577],{"class":56},[50,100617,61],{"class":60},[50,100619,65],{"class":64},[50,100621,3011],{"class":101},[50,100623,89],{"class":64},[50,100625,3016],{"class":101},[50,100627,105],{"class":64},[50,100629,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640,100642,100644,100646],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100631,2605],{"class":56},[50,100633,61],{"class":60},[50,100635,65],{"class":64},[50,100637,3011],{"class":101},[50,100639,89],{"class":64},[50,100641,3016],{"class":101},[50,100643,89],{"class":64},[50,100645,2473],{"class":101},[50,100647,105],{"class":64},[50,100649,100650],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100651,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100653,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662,100664,100666,100668],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,100655,2250],{"class":56},[50,100657,61],{"class":60},[50,100659,56704],{"class":56},[50,100661,129],{"class":64},[50,100663,2835],{"class":125},[50,100665,122],{"class":64},[50,100667,4784],{"class":125},[50,100669,414],{"class":64},[50,100671,100672],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,100673,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100675,100676,100678,100680,100682],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,100677,119],{"class":118},[50,100679,122],{"class":64},[50,100681,2285],{"class":125},[50,100683,414],{"class":64},[50,100685,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,100687,119],{"class":118},[50,100689,122],{"class":64},[50,100691,1780],{"class":1779},[50,100693,122],{"class":64},[50,100695,2285],{"class":125},[50,100697,1770],{"class":64},[20,100699,2091],{},[41,100701,100702],{"className":43,"code":99110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,100703,100704,100710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100705,100706,100708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100707,6311],{"class":1779},[50,100709,8671],{"class":64},[50,100711,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100713,3315],{"class":60},[50,100715,3318],{"class":2085},[50,100717,3321],{"class":68},[50,100719,6311],{"class":72},[50,100721,1736],{"class":68},[50,100723,3328],{"class":60},[20,100725,100726,100727,18953,100729,100731,100732,100734],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100728,3822],{},[15,100730,1240],{},". In Python, ",[15,100733,1240],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44729,100736],{},[219,100738,11490],{"id":11489},[20,100740,100741],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[41,100743,100745],{"className":43,"code":100744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100746,100747,100780,100813,100817,100837,100841,100851,100862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100748,100749,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100750,100751],{"class":56},"fruits_a ",[50,100753,61],{"class":60},[50,100755,65],{"class":64},[50,100757,69],{"class":68},[50,100759,4102],{"class":72},[50,100761,69],{"class":68},[50,100763,89],{"class":64},[50,100765,81],{"class":68},[50,100767,4111],{"class":72},[50,100769,69],{"class":68},[50,100771,89],{"class":64},[50,100773,81],{"class":68},[50,100775,33024],{"class":72},[50,100777,69],{"class":68},[50,100779,105],{"class":64},[50,100781,100782,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100783,100784],{"class":56},"fruits_b ",[50,100786,61],{"class":60},[50,100788,65],{"class":64},[50,100790,69],{"class":68},[50,100792,4111],{"class":72},[50,100794,69],{"class":68},[50,100796,89],{"class":64},[50,100798,81],{"class":68},[50,100800,33024],{"class":72},[50,100802,69],{"class":68},[50,100804,89],{"class":64},[50,100806,81],{"class":68},[50,100808,22331],{"class":72},[50,100810,69],{"class":68},[50,100812,105],{"class":64},[50,100814,100815],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100816,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100818,100819,100821,100823,100826,100828,100830,100832,100835],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,100820,2250],{"class":56},[50,100822,61],{"class":60},[50,100824,100825],{"class":56}," fruits_a",[50,100827,129],{"class":64},[50,100829,2835],{"class":125},[50,100831,122],{"class":64},[50,100833,100834],{"class":125},"fruits_b",[50,100836,414],{"class":64},[50,100838,100839],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,100840,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100842,100843,100845,100847,100849],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,100844,119],{"class":118},[50,100846,122],{"class":64},[50,100848,2285],{"class":125},[50,100850,414],{"class":64},[50,100852,100853,100855,100857,100860],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,100854,119],{"class":118},[50,100856,122],{"class":64},[50,100858,100859],{"class":125},"fruits_a",[50,100861,414],{"class":64},[50,100863,100864,100866,100868,100870],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,100865,119],{"class":118},[50,100867,122],{"class":64},[50,100869,100834],{"class":125},[50,100871,414],{"class":64},[20,100873,29831],{},[41,100875,100877],{"className":43,"code":100876,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100878,100879,100891,100919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100880,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100882,9304],{"class":64},[50,100884,1736],{"class":68},[50,100886,4102],{"class":72},[50,100888,1736],{"class":68},[50,100890,105],{"class":64},[50,100892,100893,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100894,9304],{"class":64},[50,100896,1736],{"class":68},[50,100898,4111],{"class":72},[50,100900,1736],{"class":68},[50,100902,89],{"class":64},[50,100904,3321],{"class":68},[50,100906,33024],{"class":72},[50,100908,1736],{"class":68},[50,100910,89],{"class":64},[50,100912,3321],{"class":68},[50,100914,4102],{"class":72},[50,100916,1736],{"class":68},[50,100918,105],{"class":64},[50,100920,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941,100943,100945],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100922,9304],{"class":64},[50,100924,1736],{"class":68},[50,100926,4111],{"class":72},[50,100928,1736],{"class":68},[50,100930,89],{"class":64},[50,100932,3321],{"class":68},[50,100934,33024],{"class":72},[50,100936,1736],{"class":68},[50,100938,89],{"class":64},[50,100940,3321],{"class":68},[50,100942,22331],{"class":72},[50,100944,1736],{"class":68},[50,100946,105],{"class":64},[20,100948,11697],{},[233,100950,100951,100956,100961,100967],{},[236,100952,100953,100954],{},"Start with ",[15,100955,100859],{},[236,100957,100958,100959],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100960,100834],{},[236,100962,100963,100964,100966],{},"Only ",[15,100965,57650],{}," remains",[236,100968,100969],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100971,100972],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44729,100974],{},[219,100976,8444,100978,100980],{"id":100977},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100979,100236],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100982,100983,100984,129],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100985,100236],{},[20,100987,100988],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[41,100990,100992],{"className":43,"code":100991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100993,100994,101026,101043,101056,101073,101077,101106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100995,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100997,3647],{"class":56},[50,100999,61],{"class":60},[50,101001,65],{"class":64},[50,101003,3011],{"class":101},[50,101005,89],{"class":64},[50,101007,3016],{"class":101},[50,101009,89],{"class":64},[50,101011,2473],{"class":101},[50,101013,89],{"class":64},[50,101015,2479],{"class":101},[50,101017,89],{"class":64},[50,101019,4629],{"class":101},[50,101021,89],{"class":64},[50,101023,37452],{"class":101},[50,101025,105],{"class":64},[50,101027,101028,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101029,101030],{"class":56},"group_a ",[50,101032,61],{"class":60},[50,101034,65],{"class":64},[50,101036,2076],{"class":101},[50,101038,89],{"class":64},[50,101040,2479],{"class":101},[50,101042,105],{"class":64},[50,101044,101045,101048,101050,101052,101054],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101046,101047],{"class":56},"group_b ",[50,101049,61],{"class":60},[50,101051,65],{"class":64},[50,101053,2157],{"class":101},[50,101055,105],{"class":64},[50,101057,101058,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101059,101060],{"class":56},"group_c ",[50,101062,61],{"class":60},[50,101064,65],{"class":64},[50,101066,80413],{"class":101},[50,101068,89],{"class":64},[50,101070,6018],{"class":101},[50,101072,105],{"class":64},[50,101074,101075],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101076,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101078,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101094,101096,101099,101101,101104],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,101080,2250],{"class":56},[50,101082,61],{"class":60},[50,101084,4287],{"class":56},[50,101086,129],{"class":64},[50,101088,2835],{"class":125},[50,101090,122],{"class":64},[50,101092,101093],{"class":125},"group_a",[50,101095,89],{"class":64},[50,101097,101098],{"class":125}," group_b",[50,101100,89],{"class":64},[50,101102,101103],{"class":125}," group_c",[50,101105,414],{"class":64},[50,101107,101108,101110,101112,101114],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,101109,119],{"class":118},[50,101111,122],{"class":64},[50,101113,2285],{"class":125},[50,101115,414],{"class":64},[20,101117,2091],{},[41,101119,101121],{"className":43,"code":101120,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101122,101123],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101124,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101126,9304],{"class":64},[50,101128,3011],{"class":101},[50,101130,89],{"class":64},[50,101132,2473],{"class":101},[50,101134,105],{"class":64},[20,101136,101137],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44729,101139],{},[219,101141,101143,10608,101145],{"id":101142},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101144,100236],{},[15,101146,101147],{},"difference_update()",[20,101149,101150],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[811,101152,101153],{"id":2835},[15,101154,100236],{},[233,101156,101157,101160],{},[236,101158,101159],{},"Returns a new set",[236,101161,101162],{},"Does not change the original set",[41,101164,101166],{"className":43,"code":101165,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101167,101168,101192,101208,101212,101230,101234,101244],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101169,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101171,2577],{"class":56},[50,101173,61],{"class":60},[50,101175,65],{"class":64},[50,101177,3011],{"class":101},[50,101179,89],{"class":64},[50,101181,3016],{"class":101},[50,101183,89],{"class":64},[50,101185,2473],{"class":101},[50,101187,89],{"class":64},[50,101189,2479],{"class":101},[50,101191,105],{"class":64},[50,101193,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101195,2605],{"class":56},[50,101197,61],{"class":60},[50,101199,65],{"class":64},[50,101201,2082],{"class":101},[50,101203,89],{"class":64},[50,101205,2479],{"class":101},[50,101207,105],{"class":64},[50,101209,101210],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101211,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101213,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101215,2250],{"class":56},[50,101217,61],{"class":60},[50,101219,56704],{"class":56},[50,101221,129],{"class":64},[50,101223,2835],{"class":125},[50,101225,122],{"class":64},[50,101227,4784],{"class":125},[50,101229,414],{"class":64},[50,101231,101232],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101233,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101235,101236,101238,101240,101242],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,101237,119],{"class":118},[50,101239,122],{"class":64},[50,101241,2285],{"class":125},[50,101243,414],{"class":64},[50,101245,101246,101248,101250,101252],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,101247,119],{"class":118},[50,101249,122],{"class":64},[50,101251,380],{"class":125},[50,101253,414],{"class":64},[20,101255,2091],{},[41,101257,101259],{"className":43,"code":101258,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101260,101261,101273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101262,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101264,9304],{"class":64},[50,101266,3011],{"class":101},[50,101268,89],{"class":64},[50,101270,3016],{"class":101},[50,101272,105],{"class":64},[50,101274,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101276,9304],{"class":64},[50,101278,3011],{"class":101},[50,101280,89],{"class":64},[50,101282,3016],{"class":101},[50,101284,89],{"class":64},[50,101286,2473],{"class":101},[50,101288,89],{"class":64},[50,101290,2479],{"class":101},[50,101292,105],{"class":64},[811,101294,101296],{"id":101295},"difference_update",[15,101297,101147],{},[233,101299,101300,101303],{},[236,101301,101302],{},"Changes the original set",[236,101304,96140],{},[41,101306,101308],{"className":43,"code":101307,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101309,101310,101334,101350,101354,101368,101372],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101311,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101313,2577],{"class":56},[50,101315,61],{"class":60},[50,101317,65],{"class":64},[50,101319,3011],{"class":101},[50,101321,89],{"class":64},[50,101323,3016],{"class":101},[50,101325,89],{"class":64},[50,101327,2473],{"class":101},[50,101329,89],{"class":64},[50,101331,2479],{"class":101},[50,101333,105],{"class":64},[50,101335,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101337,2605],{"class":56},[50,101339,61],{"class":60},[50,101341,65],{"class":64},[50,101343,2082],{"class":101},[50,101345,89],{"class":64},[50,101347,2479],{"class":101},[50,101349,105],{"class":64},[50,101351,101352],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101353,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101355,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101357,380],{"class":56},[50,101359,129],{"class":64},[50,101361,101295],{"class":125},[50,101363,122],{"class":64},[50,101365,4784],{"class":125},[50,101367,414],{"class":64},[50,101369,101370],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101371,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,101375,119],{"class":118},[50,101377,122],{"class":64},[50,101379,380],{"class":125},[50,101381,414],{"class":64},[20,101383,2091],{},[41,101385,101386],{"className":43,"code":100329,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,101387,101388],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101389,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101391,9304],{"class":64},[50,101393,3011],{"class":101},[50,101395,89],{"class":64},[50,101397,3016],{"class":101},[50,101399,105],{"class":64},[20,101401,212,101402,101404],{},[15,101403,100236],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101406,101407,101408,33404],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101409,101147],{},[44729,101411],{},[219,101413,101415,101417,101418,101420],{"id":101414},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101416,100236],{}," vs the ",[15,101419,2041],{}," operator",[20,101422,228,101423,101425,101426,101428],{},[15,101424,2041],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101427,100236],{}," for two sets.",[41,101430,101432],{"className":43,"code":101431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101433,101434,101458,101474,101478,101496],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101435,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101437,2577],{"class":56},[50,101439,61],{"class":60},[50,101441,65],{"class":64},[50,101443,3011],{"class":101},[50,101445,89],{"class":64},[50,101447,3016],{"class":101},[50,101449,89],{"class":64},[50,101451,2473],{"class":101},[50,101453,89],{"class":64},[50,101455,2479],{"class":101},[50,101457,105],{"class":64},[50,101459,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101461,2605],{"class":56},[50,101463,61],{"class":60},[50,101465,65],{"class":64},[50,101467,2082],{"class":101},[50,101469,89],{"class":64},[50,101471,2479],{"class":101},[50,101473,105],{"class":64},[50,101475,101476],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101477,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101479,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101481,119],{"class":118},[50,101483,122],{"class":64},[50,101485,380],{"class":125},[50,101487,129],{"class":64},[50,101489,2835],{"class":125},[50,101491,122],{"class":64},[50,101493,4784],{"class":125},[50,101495,1770],{"class":64},[50,101497,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101499,119],{"class":118},[50,101501,122],{"class":64},[50,101503,2577],{"class":125},[50,101505,2041],{"class":60},[50,101507,2582],{"class":125},[50,101509,414],{"class":64},[20,101511,2091],{},[41,101513,101515],{"className":43,"code":101514,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101516,101517,101529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101518,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101520,9304],{"class":64},[50,101522,3011],{"class":101},[50,101524,89],{"class":64},[50,101526,3016],{"class":101},[50,101528,105],{"class":64},[50,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101532,9304],{"class":64},[50,101534,3011],{"class":101},[50,101536,89],{"class":64},[50,101538,3016],{"class":101},[50,101540,105],{"class":64},[20,101542,101543],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101545,94410,101546,1867],{},[15,101547,100236],{},[233,101549,101550,101553,101556],{},[236,101551,101552],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[236,101554,101555],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[236,101557,101558],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101560,101561],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[41,101563,101565],{"className":43,"code":101564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101566,101567,101595,101607,101619,101623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101568,101569,101571,101573,101575,101577,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101570,2577],{"class":56},[50,101572,61],{"class":60},[50,101574,65],{"class":64},[50,101576,3011],{"class":101},[50,101578,89],{"class":64},[50,101580,3016],{"class":101},[50,101582,89],{"class":64},[50,101584,2473],{"class":101},[50,101586,89],{"class":64},[50,101588,2479],{"class":101},[50,101590,89],{"class":64},[50,101592,4629],{"class":101},[50,101594,105],{"class":64},[50,101596,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101598,2605],{"class":56},[50,101600,61],{"class":60},[50,101602,65],{"class":64},[50,101604,2076],{"class":101},[50,101606,105],{"class":64},[50,101608,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101610,83005],{"class":56},[50,101612,61],{"class":60},[50,101614,65],{"class":64},[50,101616,2527],{"class":101},[50,101618,105],{"class":64},[50,101620,101621],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101622,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101624,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101626,119],{"class":118},[50,101628,122],{"class":64},[50,101630,380],{"class":125},[50,101632,129],{"class":64},[50,101634,2835],{"class":125},[50,101636,122],{"class":64},[50,101638,4784],{"class":125},[50,101640,89],{"class":64},[50,101642,9705],{"class":125},[50,101644,1770],{"class":64},[20,101646,2091],{},[41,101648,101650],{"className":43,"code":101649,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101651,101652],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101653,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101655,9304],{"class":64},[50,101657,3011],{"class":101},[50,101659,89],{"class":64},[50,101661,2473],{"class":101},[50,101663,89],{"class":64},[50,101665,4629],{"class":101},[50,101667,105],{"class":64},[20,101669,101670,101671,101673],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101672,2041],{}," operator expression.",[44729,101675],{},[219,101677,4543],{"id":4542},[20,101679,1666,101680,129],{},[15,101681,100236],{},[811,101683,101685],{"id":101684},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101687,4652,101688,101690,101691,78],{},[997,101689,1262],{}," change ",[15,101692,380],{},[41,101694,101696],{"className":43,"code":101695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101697,101698,101718,101730,101734,101748],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101701,2577],{"class":56},[50,101703,61],{"class":60},[50,101705,65],{"class":64},[50,101707,3011],{"class":101},[50,101709,89],{"class":64},[50,101711,3016],{"class":101},[50,101713,89],{"class":64},[50,101715,2473],{"class":101},[50,101717,105],{"class":64},[50,101719,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101721,2605],{"class":56},[50,101723,61],{"class":60},[50,101725,65],{"class":64},[50,101727,2082],{"class":101},[50,101729,105],{"class":64},[50,101731,101732],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101733,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101735,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101737,380],{"class":56},[50,101739,129],{"class":64},[50,101741,2835],{"class":125},[50,101743,122],{"class":64},[50,101745,4784],{"class":125},[50,101747,414],{"class":64},[50,101749,101750,101752,101754,101756],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101751,119],{"class":118},[50,101753,122],{"class":64},[50,101755,380],{"class":125},[50,101757,414],{"class":64},[20,101759,2091],{},[41,101761,101762],{"className":43,"code":96429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,101763,101764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101765,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101767,9304],{"class":64},[50,101769,3011],{"class":101},[50,101771,89],{"class":64},[50,101773,3016],{"class":101},[50,101775,89],{"class":64},[50,101777,2473],{"class":101},[50,101779,105],{"class":64},[20,101781,101782],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[41,101784,101786],{"className":43,"code":101785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101787,101788,101808,101820,101824,101842],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101789,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101791,2577],{"class":56},[50,101793,61],{"class":60},[50,101795,65],{"class":64},[50,101797,3011],{"class":101},[50,101799,89],{"class":64},[50,101801,3016],{"class":101},[50,101803,89],{"class":64},[50,101805,2473],{"class":101},[50,101807,105],{"class":64},[50,101809,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101811,2605],{"class":56},[50,101813,61],{"class":60},[50,101815,65],{"class":64},[50,101817,2082],{"class":101},[50,101819,105],{"class":64},[50,101821,101822],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101823,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101825,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101827,2577],{"class":56},[50,101829,61],{"class":60},[50,101831,56704],{"class":56},[50,101833,129],{"class":64},[50,101835,2835],{"class":125},[50,101837,122],{"class":64},[50,101839,4784],{"class":125},[50,101841,414],{"class":64},[50,101843,101844,101846,101848,101850],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101845,119],{"class":118},[50,101847,122],{"class":64},[50,101849,380],{"class":125},[50,101851,414],{"class":64},[20,101853,2091],{},[41,101855,101856],{"className":43,"code":100329,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,101857,101858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101859,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101861,9304],{"class":64},[50,101863,3011],{"class":101},[50,101865,89],{"class":64},[50,101867,3016],{"class":101},[50,101869,105],{"class":64},[811,101871,101873],{"id":101872},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101875,101876,101879],{},[15,101877,101878],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[233,101881,101882,101887],{},[236,101883,101884,101885],{},"keep items from ",[15,101886,380],{},[236,101888,101889,101890],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101891,4784],{},[20,101893,40716,101894,101896,101897,101899],{},[997,101895,1262],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101898,4784],{},"”.",[20,101901,253],{},[41,101903,101905],{"className":43,"code":101904,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101906,101907,101927,101947,101951,101969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101908,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101910,2577],{"class":56},[50,101912,61],{"class":60},[50,101914,65],{"class":64},[50,101916,3011],{"class":101},[50,101918,89],{"class":64},[50,101920,3016],{"class":101},[50,101922,89],{"class":64},[50,101924,2473],{"class":101},[50,101926,105],{"class":64},[50,101928,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101930,2605],{"class":56},[50,101932,61],{"class":60},[50,101934,65],{"class":64},[50,101936,2082],{"class":101},[50,101938,89],{"class":64},[50,101940,2479],{"class":101},[50,101942,89],{"class":64},[50,101944,4629],{"class":101},[50,101946,105],{"class":64},[50,101948,101949],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101950,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101952,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,101954,119],{"class":118},[50,101956,122],{"class":64},[50,101958,380],{"class":125},[50,101960,129],{"class":64},[50,101962,2835],{"class":125},[50,101964,122],{"class":64},[50,101966,4784],{"class":125},[50,101968,1770],{"class":64},[50,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,101972,119],{"class":118},[50,101974,122],{"class":64},[50,101976,4784],{"class":125},[50,101978,129],{"class":64},[50,101980,2835],{"class":125},[50,101982,122],{"class":64},[50,101984,380],{"class":125},[50,101986,1770],{"class":64},[20,101988,2091],{},[41,101990,101992],{"className":43,"code":101991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101993,101994,102006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101995,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101997,9304],{"class":64},[50,101999,3011],{"class":101},[50,102001,89],{"class":64},[50,102003,3016],{"class":101},[50,102005,105],{"class":64},[50,102007,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102009,9304],{"class":64},[50,102011,2527],{"class":101},[50,102013,89],{"class":64},[50,102015,4629],{"class":101},[50,102017,105],{"class":64},[20,102019,102020],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[811,102022,102024],{"id":102023},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102026,102027,102029],{},[15,102028,100236],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102031,55135],{},[41,102033,102035],{"className":43,"code":102034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102036,102037,102057,102073,102077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102038,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102040,2577],{"class":56},[50,102042,61],{"class":60},[50,102044,3652],{"class":64},[50,102046,3011],{"class":101},[50,102048,89],{"class":64},[50,102050,3016],{"class":101},[50,102052,89],{"class":64},[50,102054,2473],{"class":101},[50,102056,788],{"class":64},[50,102058,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102060,2605],{"class":56},[50,102062,61],{"class":60},[50,102064,3652],{"class":64},[50,102066,2082],{"class":101},[50,102068,89],{"class":64},[50,102070,2479],{"class":101},[50,102072,788],{"class":64},[50,102074,102075],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102076,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102078,102079],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,102080,102081],{"class":146},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102083,102084],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[41,102086,102088],{"className":43,"code":102087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102089,102090,102110,102126,102130,102156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102091,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102093,2577],{"class":56},[50,102095,61],{"class":60},[50,102097,3652],{"class":64},[50,102099,3011],{"class":101},[50,102101,89],{"class":64},[50,102103,3016],{"class":101},[50,102105,89],{"class":64},[50,102107,2473],{"class":101},[50,102109,788],{"class":64},[50,102111,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102113,2605],{"class":56},[50,102115,61],{"class":60},[50,102117,3652],{"class":64},[50,102119,2082],{"class":101},[50,102121,89],{"class":64},[50,102123,2479],{"class":101},[50,102125,788],{"class":64},[50,102127,102128],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102129,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102131,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,102133,2250],{"class":56},[50,102135,61],{"class":60},[50,102137,15634],{"class":1779},[50,102139,122],{"class":64},[50,102141,380],{"class":125},[50,102143,8659],{"class":64},[50,102145,2835],{"class":125},[50,102147,122],{"class":64},[50,102149,6311],{"class":1779},[50,102151,122],{"class":64},[50,102153,4784],{"class":125},[50,102155,1770],{"class":64},[50,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,102159,119],{"class":118},[50,102161,122],{"class":64},[50,102163,2285],{"class":125},[50,102165,414],{"class":64},[20,102167,2091],{},[41,102169,102170],{"className":43,"code":100329,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,102171,102172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102173,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102175,9304],{"class":64},[50,102177,3011],{"class":101},[50,102179,89],{"class":64},[50,102181,3016],{"class":101},[50,102183,105],{"class":64},[811,102185,102187],{"id":102186},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102189,102190],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[41,102192,102194],{"className":43,"code":102193,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102195,102196,102228,102244,102248],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102197,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220,102222,102224,102226],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102199,2577],{"class":56},[50,102201,61],{"class":60},[50,102203,65],{"class":64},[50,102205,69],{"class":68},[50,102207,36855],{"class":72},[50,102209,69],{"class":68},[50,102211,89],{"class":64},[50,102213,81],{"class":68},[50,102215,57944],{"class":72},[50,102217,69],{"class":68},[50,102219,89],{"class":64},[50,102221,81],{"class":68},[50,102223,57961],{"class":72},[50,102225,69],{"class":68},[50,102227,105],{"class":64},[50,102229,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102231,2605],{"class":56},[50,102233,61],{"class":60},[50,102235,65],{"class":64},[50,102237,69],{"class":68},[50,102239,57944],{"class":72},[50,102241,69],{"class":68},[50,102243,105],{"class":64},[50,102245,102246],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102247,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102249,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,102251,119],{"class":118},[50,102253,122],{"class":64},[50,102255,380],{"class":125},[50,102257,129],{"class":64},[50,102259,2835],{"class":125},[50,102261,122],{"class":64},[50,102263,4784],{"class":125},[50,102265,1770],{"class":64},[20,102267,102268],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[811,102270,102272],{"id":102271},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102274,102275],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[41,102277,102279],{"className":43,"code":102278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102280,102281,102309,102321,102325,102335],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102282,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102284,2577],{"class":56},[50,102286,61],{"class":60},[50,102288,65],{"class":64},[50,102290,3011],{"class":101},[50,102292,89],{"class":64},[50,102294,5521],{"class":101},[50,102296,89],{"class":64},[50,102298,3016],{"class":101},[50,102300,89],{"class":64},[50,102302,3016],{"class":101},[50,102304,89],{"class":64},[50,102306,2473],{"class":101},[50,102308,105],{"class":64},[50,102310,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102312,2605],{"class":56},[50,102314,61],{"class":60},[50,102316,65],{"class":64},[50,102318,2082],{"class":101},[50,102320,105],{"class":64},[50,102322,102323],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102324,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102326,102327,102329,102331,102333],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,102328,119],{"class":118},[50,102330,122],{"class":64},[50,102332,380],{"class":125},[50,102334,414],{"class":64},[50,102336,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,102338,119],{"class":118},[50,102340,122],{"class":64},[50,102342,380],{"class":125},[50,102344,129],{"class":64},[50,102346,2835],{"class":125},[50,102348,122],{"class":64},[50,102350,4784],{"class":125},[50,102352,1770],{"class":64},[20,102354,2091],{},[41,102356,102358],{"className":43,"code":102357,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102359,102360,102376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102361,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102363,9304],{"class":64},[50,102365,3011],{"class":101},[50,102367,89],{"class":64},[50,102369,3016],{"class":101},[50,102371,89],{"class":64},[50,102373,2473],{"class":101},[50,102375,105],{"class":64},[50,102377,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102379,9304],{"class":64},[50,102381,3011],{"class":101},[50,102383,89],{"class":64},[50,102385,3016],{"class":101},[50,102387,105],{"class":64},[20,102389,102390,102391,102393],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102392,100236],{}," runs.",[811,102395,102397],{"id":102396},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102399,102400],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[41,102402,102404],{"className":43,"code":102403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102405,102406,102430,102450,102454,102464,102474,102492,102514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102407,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102409,2577],{"class":56},[50,102411,61],{"class":60},[50,102413,65],{"class":64},[50,102415,3011],{"class":101},[50,102417,89],{"class":64},[50,102419,3016],{"class":101},[50,102421,89],{"class":64},[50,102423,2473],{"class":101},[50,102425,89],{"class":64},[50,102427,2479],{"class":101},[50,102429,105],{"class":64},[50,102431,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102433,2605],{"class":56},[50,102435,61],{"class":60},[50,102437,65],{"class":64},[50,102439,2082],{"class":101},[50,102441,89],{"class":64},[50,102443,2479],{"class":101},[50,102445,89],{"class":64},[50,102447,4629],{"class":101},[50,102449,105],{"class":64},[50,102451,102452],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102453,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102455,102456,102458,102460,102462],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,102457,119],{"class":118},[50,102459,122],{"class":64},[50,102461,380],{"class":125},[50,102463,414],{"class":64},[50,102465,102466,102468,102470,102472],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,102467,119],{"class":118},[50,102469,122],{"class":64},[50,102471,4784],{"class":125},[50,102473,414],{"class":64},[50,102475,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,102477,119],{"class":118},[50,102479,122],{"class":64},[50,102481,380],{"class":125},[50,102483,129],{"class":64},[50,102485,2835],{"class":125},[50,102487,122],{"class":64},[50,102489,4784],{"class":125},[50,102491,1770],{"class":64},[50,102493,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,102495,119],{"class":118},[50,102497,122],{"class":64},[50,102499,1780],{"class":1779},[50,102501,122],{"class":64},[50,102503,380],{"class":125},[50,102505,129],{"class":64},[50,102507,2835],{"class":125},[50,102509,122],{"class":64},[50,102511,4784],{"class":125},[50,102513,1799],{"class":64},[50,102515,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,102517,119],{"class":118},[50,102519,122],{"class":64},[50,102521,11181],{"class":118},[50,102523,122],{"class":64},[50,102525,380],{"class":125},[50,102527,129],{"class":64},[50,102529,2835],{"class":125},[50,102531,122],{"class":64},[50,102533,4784],{"class":125},[50,102535,1799],{"class":64},[20,102537,11190],{},[233,102539,102540,102543,102546,102549],{},[236,102541,102542],{},"what is in each set",[236,102544,102545],{},"what result Python creates",[236,102547,102548],{},"that the result is a set",[236,102550,102551],{},"how many items remain",[44729,102553],{},[219,102555,1857],{"id":1856},[811,102557,1861,102559,102561],{"id":102558},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102560,100236],{}," change the original set?",[20,102563,102564],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[811,102566,5202,102568,1846,102570,1867],{"id":102567},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102569,100236],{},[15,102571,101147],{},[20,102573,102574,102576,102577,102579],{},[15,102575,100236],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102578,101147],{}," modifies the original set.",[811,102581,28129,102583,102585],{"id":102582},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102584,100236],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102587,102588],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[811,102590,102592],{"id":102591},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102594,102595],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44729,102597],{},[219,102599,1909],{"id":1908},[233,102601,102602,102606,102614],{},[236,102603,102604],{},[380,102605,96150],{"href":97321},[236,102607,102608],{},[380,102609,96636,102611,1845],{"href":102610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102612,102613],{},"intersection()",[236,102615,102616],{},[380,102617,96636,102619,1845],{"href":102618},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102620,102621],{},"union()",[1944,102623,102624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":102626},[102627,102628,102630,102631,102632,102633,102635,102640,102642,102650,102659],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":100358,"depth":108,"text":102629},"What difference() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":100977,"depth":108,"text":102634},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101142,"depth":108,"text":102636,"children":102637},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102638,102639],{"id":2835,"depth":115,"text":100236},{"id":101295,"depth":115,"text":101147},{"id":101414,"depth":108,"text":102641},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":102643},[102644,102645,102646,102647,102648,102649],{"id":101684,"depth":115,"text":101685},{"id":101872,"depth":115,"text":101873},{"id":102023,"depth":115,"text":102024},{"id":102186,"depth":115,"text":102187},{"id":102271,"depth":115,"text":102272},{"id":102396,"depth":115,"text":102397},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":102651},[102652,102654,102656,102658],{"id":102558,"depth":115,"text":102653},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102567,"depth":115,"text":102655},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102582,"depth":115,"text":102657},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102591,"depth":115,"text":102592},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100228,"description":102660},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102667,"title":102668,"body":102669,"description":104364,"extension":1981,"meta":104365,"navigation":111,"path":104366,"seo":104367,"stem":104368,"__hash__":104369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102670,"toc":104326},[102671,102677,102683,102696,102698,102799,102801,102846,102851,102856,102860,102874,102877,102885,102887,102906,102924,102928,102981,102983,103004,103011,103016,103043,103050,103149,103151,103188,103196,103200,103206,103209,103282,103284,103292,103297,103366,103368,103393,103395,103398,103501,103503,103564,103567,103571,103577,103650,103652,103685,103688,103691,103731,103737,103760,103765,103769,103780,103783,103785,103789,103795,103797,103854,103864,103866,103919,103926,103931,103999,104007,104013,104017,104019,104058,104063,104112,104116,104119,104121,104160,104163,104165,104170,104227,104229,104243,104245,104249,104255,104260,104265,104272,104283,104289,104294,104296,104323],[10,102672,96022,102674,18],{"id":102673},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102675,102676],{},"discard()",[20,102678,102679,102682],{},[15,102680,102681],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102684,102685,102686,32,102691,14059,102693,102695],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[380,102687,102688],{"href":98031},[15,102689,102690],{},"set.remove()",[15,102692,102676],{},[997,102694,1262],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[219,102697,2022],{"id":2021},[41,102699,102701],{"className":43,"code":102700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102702,102703,102735,102754,102764,102768,102789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102704,102705,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102706,13084],{"class":56},[50,102708,61],{"class":60},[50,102710,65],{"class":64},[50,102712,69],{"class":68},[50,102714,13101],{"class":72},[50,102716,69],{"class":68},[50,102718,89],{"class":64},[50,102720,81],{"class":68},[50,102722,13118],{"class":72},[50,102724,69],{"class":68},[50,102726,89],{"class":64},[50,102728,81],{"class":68},[50,102730,17448],{"class":72},[50,102732,69],{"class":68},[50,102734,105],{"class":64},[50,102736,102737,102739,102741,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102738,17495],{"class":56},[50,102740,129],{"class":64},[50,102742,102743],{"class":125},"discard",[50,102745,122],{"class":64},[50,102747,69],{"class":68},[50,102749,13118],{"class":72},[50,102751,69],{"class":68},[50,102753,414],{"class":64},[50,102755,102756,102758,102760,102762],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102757,119],{"class":118},[50,102759,122],{"class":64},[50,102761,17495],{"class":125},[50,102763,414],{"class":64},[50,102765,102766],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,102767,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102769,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,102771,17495],{"class":56},[50,102773,129],{"class":64},[50,102775,102743],{"class":125},[50,102777,122],{"class":64},[50,102779,69],{"class":68},[50,102781,22322],{"class":72},[50,102783,69],{"class":68},[50,102785,1206],{"class":64},[50,102787,102788],{"class":146},"  # no error if missing\n",[50,102790,102791,102793,102795,102797],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,102792,119],{"class":118},[50,102794,122],{"class":64},[50,102796,17495],{"class":125},[50,102798,414],{"class":64},[20,102800,29831],{},[41,102802,102804],{"className":43,"code":102803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102805,102806,102826],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102807,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102809,9304],{"class":64},[50,102811,1736],{"class":68},[50,102813,13101],{"class":72},[50,102815,1736],{"class":68},[50,102817,89],{"class":64},[50,102819,3321],{"class":68},[50,102821,17448],{"class":72},[50,102823,1736],{"class":68},[50,102825,105],{"class":64},[50,102827,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102829,9304],{"class":64},[50,102831,1736],{"class":68},[50,102833,13101],{"class":72},[50,102835,1736],{"class":68},[50,102837,89],{"class":64},[50,102839,3321],{"class":68},[50,102841,17448],{"class":72},[50,102843,1736],{"class":68},[50,102845,105],{"class":64},[20,102847,212,102848,102850],{},[15,102849,102676],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[219,102852,222,102854,225],{"id":102853},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102855,102681],{},[20,102857,102858,78],{},[15,102859,102676],{},[233,102861,102862,102865,102868,102870],{},[236,102863,102864],{},"Removes one item from a set",[236,102866,102867],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[236,102869,96137],{},[236,102871,241,102872],{},[15,102873,38],{},[20,102875,102876],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102878,96146,102879,2901,102882,129],{},[380,102880,102881],{"href":98613},"what a set is in Python",[380,102883,102884],{"href":97705},"how to create a set",[219,102886,387],{"id":386},[41,102888,102890],{"className":43,"code":102889,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102891,102892],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102893,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102895,15667],{"class":56},[50,102897,129],{"class":64},[50,102899,102743],{"class":125},[50,102901,122],{"class":64},[50,102903,2495],{"class":125},[50,102905,414],{"class":64},[233,102907,102908,102913,102918,102921],{},[236,102909,102910,102912],{},[15,102911,15667],{}," is the set you want to change",[236,102914,102915,102917],{},[15,102916,2495],{}," is the item you want to remove",[236,102919,102920],{},"The set must already exist",[236,102922,102923],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[811,102925,102927],{"id":102926},"example","Example",[41,102929,102931],{"className":43,"code":102930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102932,102933,102957,102971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102934,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102936,3647],{"class":56},[50,102938,61],{"class":60},[50,102940,65],{"class":64},[50,102942,3011],{"class":101},[50,102944,89],{"class":64},[50,102946,3016],{"class":101},[50,102948,89],{"class":64},[50,102950,2473],{"class":101},[50,102952,89],{"class":64},[50,102954,2479],{"class":101},[50,102956,105],{"class":64},[50,102958,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102960,3678],{"class":56},[50,102962,129],{"class":64},[50,102964,102743],{"class":125},[50,102966,122],{"class":64},[50,102968,2082],{"class":101},[50,102970,414],{"class":64},[50,102972,102973,102975,102977,102979],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102974,119],{"class":118},[50,102976,122],{"class":64},[50,102978,3678],{"class":125},[50,102980,414],{"class":64},[20,102982,2091],{},[41,102984,102986],{"className":43,"code":102985,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102987,102988],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102989,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000,103002],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102991,9304],{"class":64},[50,102993,3011],{"class":101},[50,102995,89],{"class":64},[50,102997,3016],{"class":101},[50,102999,89],{"class":64},[50,103001,2479],{"class":101},[50,103003,105],{"class":64},[219,103005,103007,103008,103010],{"id":103006},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103009,102676],{}," different",[20,103012,103013,103015],{},[15,103014,102676],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[233,103017,103018,103031,103040],{},[236,103019,103020,103021,32,103025,103027,103028,103030],{},"Unlike ",[380,103022,103023],{"href":98031},[15,103024,55345],{},[15,103026,102676],{}," does not raise ",[15,103029,31],{}," when the item is missing",[236,103032,103020,103033,32,103037,103039],{},[380,103034,103035],{"href":98036},[15,103036,12773],{},[15,103038,102676],{}," removes a specific item",[236,103041,103042],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[811,103044,103046,10608,103048],{"id":103045},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103047,102676],{},[15,103049,55345],{},[41,103051,103053],{"className":43,"code":103052,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103054,103055,103079,103083,103104,103114,103118,103139],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103056,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103058,7805],{"class":56},[50,103060,61],{"class":60},[50,103062,65],{"class":64},[50,103064,69],{"class":68},[50,103066,4102],{"class":72},[50,103068,69],{"class":68},[50,103070,89],{"class":64},[50,103072,81],{"class":68},[50,103074,4111],{"class":72},[50,103076,69],{"class":68},[50,103078,105],{"class":64},[50,103080,103081],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103082,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103084,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103086,7836],{"class":56},[50,103088,129],{"class":64},[50,103090,102743],{"class":125},[50,103092,122],{"class":64},[50,103094,69],{"class":68},[50,103096,33024],{"class":72},[50,103098,69],{"class":68},[50,103100,1206],{"class":64},[50,103102,103103],{"class":146},"   # no error\n",[50,103105,103106,103108,103110,103112],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,103107,119],{"class":118},[50,103109,122],{"class":64},[50,103111,7836],{"class":125},[50,103113,414],{"class":64},[50,103115,103116],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,103117,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103119,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,103121,7836],{"class":56},[50,103123,129],{"class":64},[50,103125,34599],{"class":125},[50,103127,122],{"class":64},[50,103129,69],{"class":68},[50,103131,4111],{"class":72},[50,103133,69],{"class":68},[50,103135,1206],{"class":64},[50,103137,103138],{"class":146},"    # removes existing item\n",[50,103140,103141,103143,103145,103147],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,103142,119],{"class":118},[50,103144,122],{"class":64},[50,103146,7836],{"class":125},[50,103148,414],{"class":64},[20,103150,2091],{},[41,103152,103154],{"className":43,"code":103153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103155,103156,103176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103157,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103159,9304],{"class":64},[50,103161,1736],{"class":68},[50,103163,4102],{"class":72},[50,103165,1736],{"class":68},[50,103167,89],{"class":64},[50,103169,3321],{"class":68},[50,103171,4111],{"class":72},[50,103173,1736],{"class":68},[50,103175,105],{"class":64},[50,103177,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103179,9304],{"class":64},[50,103181,1736],{"class":68},[50,103183,4102],{"class":72},[50,103185,1736],{"class":68},[50,103187,105],{"class":64},[20,103189,40153,103190,103192,103193,103195],{},[15,103191,55345],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[380,103194,11094],{"href":1013}," for more help with that case.",[219,103197,103199],{"id":103198},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103201,103202,35,103204,129],{},[15,103203,102676],{},[15,103205,38],{},[20,103207,103208],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[41,103210,103212],{"className":43,"code":103211,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103213,103214,103246,103268,103272],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103215,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103217,13084],{"class":56},[50,103219,61],{"class":60},[50,103221,65],{"class":64},[50,103223,69],{"class":68},[50,103225,13101],{"class":72},[50,103227,69],{"class":68},[50,103229,89],{"class":64},[50,103231,81],{"class":68},[50,103233,13118],{"class":72},[50,103235,69],{"class":68},[50,103237,89],{"class":64},[50,103239,81],{"class":68},[50,103241,17448],{"class":72},[50,103243,69],{"class":68},[50,103245,105],{"class":64},[50,103247,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103249,2250],{"class":56},[50,103251,61],{"class":60},[50,103253,13132],{"class":56},[50,103255,129],{"class":64},[50,103257,102743],{"class":125},[50,103259,122],{"class":64},[50,103261,69],{"class":68},[50,103263,13118],{"class":72},[50,103265,69],{"class":68},[50,103267,414],{"class":64},[50,103269,103270],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103271,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103273,103274,103276,103278,103280],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,103275,119],{"class":118},[50,103277,122],{"class":64},[50,103279,2285],{"class":125},[50,103281,414],{"class":64},[20,103283,2091],{},[41,103285,103286],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,103287,103288],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103289,103290],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103291,11821],{"class":1494},[20,103293,103294,103295,78],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103296,17495],{},[41,103298,103300],{"className":43,"code":103299,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103301,103302,103334,103352,103356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103303,103304,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103305,13084],{"class":56},[50,103307,61],{"class":60},[50,103309,65],{"class":64},[50,103311,69],{"class":68},[50,103313,13101],{"class":72},[50,103315,69],{"class":68},[50,103317,89],{"class":64},[50,103319,81],{"class":68},[50,103321,13118],{"class":72},[50,103323,69],{"class":68},[50,103325,89],{"class":64},[50,103327,81],{"class":68},[50,103329,17448],{"class":72},[50,103331,69],{"class":68},[50,103333,105],{"class":64},[50,103335,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103337,17495],{"class":56},[50,103339,129],{"class":64},[50,103341,102743],{"class":125},[50,103343,122],{"class":64},[50,103345,69],{"class":68},[50,103347,13118],{"class":72},[50,103349,69],{"class":68},[50,103351,414],{"class":64},[50,103353,103354],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103355,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103357,103358,103360,103362,103364],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,103359,119],{"class":118},[50,103361,122],{"class":64},[50,103363,17495],{"class":125},[50,103365,414],{"class":64},[20,103367,2091],{},[41,103369,103371],{"className":43,"code":103370,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103372,103373],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103374,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103376,9304],{"class":64},[50,103378,1736],{"class":68},[50,103380,13101],{"class":72},[50,103382,1736],{"class":68},[50,103384,89],{"class":64},[50,103386,3321],{"class":68},[50,103388,17448],{"class":72},[50,103390,1736],{"class":68},[50,103392,105],{"class":64},[219,103394,11490],{"id":11489},[20,103396,103397],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[41,103399,103401],{"className":43,"code":103400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103402,103403,103435,103439,103457,103461,103479,103483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103404,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103406,36046],{"class":56},[50,103408,61],{"class":60},[50,103410,65],{"class":64},[50,103412,69],{"class":68},[50,103414,4102],{"class":72},[50,103416,69],{"class":68},[50,103418,89],{"class":64},[50,103420,81],{"class":68},[50,103422,4111],{"class":72},[50,103424,69],{"class":68},[50,103426,89],{"class":64},[50,103428,81],{"class":68},[50,103430,33024],{"class":72},[50,103432,69],{"class":68},[50,103434,105],{"class":64},[50,103436,103437],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103438,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103440,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103442,119],{"class":118},[50,103444,122],{"class":64},[50,103446,69],{"class":68},[50,103448,11578],{"class":72},[50,103450,69],{"class":68},[50,103452,89],{"class":64},[50,103454,52667],{"class":125},[50,103456,414],{"class":64},[50,103458,103459],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,103460,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103462,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,103464,36098],{"class":56},[50,103466,129],{"class":64},[50,103468,102743],{"class":125},[50,103470,122],{"class":64},[50,103472,69],{"class":68},[50,103474,4111],{"class":72},[50,103476,69],{"class":68},[50,103478,414],{"class":64},[50,103480,103481],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,103482,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103484,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,103486,119],{"class":118},[50,103488,122],{"class":64},[50,103490,69],{"class":68},[50,103492,11617],{"class":72},[50,103494,69],{"class":68},[50,103496,89],{"class":64},[50,103498,52667],{"class":125},[50,103500,414],{"class":64},[20,103502,2091],{},[41,103504,103506],{"className":43,"code":103505,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103507,103508,103540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103509,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103511,11637],{"class":56},[50,103513,78],{"class":64},[50,103515,65],{"class":64},[50,103517,1736],{"class":68},[50,103519,4111],{"class":72},[50,103521,1736],{"class":68},[50,103523,89],{"class":64},[50,103525,3321],{"class":68},[50,103527,4102],{"class":72},[50,103529,1736],{"class":68},[50,103531,89],{"class":64},[50,103533,3321],{"class":68},[50,103535,33024],{"class":72},[50,103537,1736],{"class":68},[50,103539,105],{"class":64},[50,103541,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103543,11690],{"class":56},[50,103545,78],{"class":64},[50,103547,65],{"class":64},[50,103549,1736],{"class":68},[50,103551,4102],{"class":72},[50,103553,1736],{"class":68},[50,103555,89],{"class":64},[50,103557,3321],{"class":68},[50,103559,33024],{"class":72},[50,103561,1736],{"class":68},[50,103563,105],{"class":64},[20,103565,103566],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[219,103568,103570],{"id":103569},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103572,103573,103574,103576],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103575,102676],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[41,103578,103580],{"className":43,"code":103579,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103581,103582,103614,103618,103636,103640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103583,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103585,36046],{"class":56},[50,103587,61],{"class":60},[50,103589,65],{"class":64},[50,103591,69],{"class":68},[50,103593,4102],{"class":72},[50,103595,69],{"class":68},[50,103597,89],{"class":64},[50,103599,81],{"class":68},[50,103601,4111],{"class":72},[50,103603,69],{"class":68},[50,103605,89],{"class":64},[50,103607,81],{"class":68},[50,103609,33024],{"class":72},[50,103611,69],{"class":68},[50,103613,105],{"class":64},[50,103615,103616],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103617,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103619,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103621,36098],{"class":56},[50,103623,129],{"class":64},[50,103625,102743],{"class":125},[50,103627,122],{"class":64},[50,103629,69],{"class":68},[50,103631,22331],{"class":72},[50,103633,69],{"class":68},[50,103635,414],{"class":64},[50,103637,103638],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,103639,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103641,103642,103644,103646,103648],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,103643,119],{"class":118},[50,103645,122],{"class":64},[50,103647,36098],{"class":125},[50,103649,414],{"class":64},[20,103651,2091],{},[41,103653,103655],{"className":43,"code":103654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103656,103657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103658,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103660,9304],{"class":64},[50,103662,1736],{"class":68},[50,103664,4111],{"class":72},[50,103666,1736],{"class":68},[50,103668,89],{"class":64},[50,103670,3321],{"class":68},[50,103672,4102],{"class":72},[50,103674,1736],{"class":68},[50,103676,89],{"class":64},[50,103678,3321],{"class":68},[50,103680,33024],{"class":72},[50,103682,1736],{"class":68},[50,103684,105],{"class":64},[20,103686,103687],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103689,103690],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[41,103692,103694],{"className":43,"code":103693,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103695,103696,103712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103697,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103699,7023],{"class":1622},[50,103701,81],{"class":68},[50,103703,22331],{"class":72},[50,103705,69],{"class":68},[50,103707,1623],{"class":60},[50,103709,52667],{"class":56},[50,103711,6417],{"class":64},[50,103713,103714,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103715,103716],{"class":56},"    fruits",[50,103718,129],{"class":64},[50,103720,34599],{"class":125},[50,103722,122],{"class":64},[50,103724,69],{"class":68},[50,103726,22331],{"class":72},[50,103728,69],{"class":68},[50,103730,414],{"class":64},[20,103732,103733,103734,103736],{},"With ",[15,103735,102676],{},", you can simply write:",[41,103738,103740],{"className":43,"code":103739,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103741,103742],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103743,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103745,36098],{"class":56},[50,103747,129],{"class":64},[50,103749,102743],{"class":125},[50,103751,122],{"class":64},[50,103753,69],{"class":68},[50,103755,22331],{"class":72},[50,103757,69],{"class":68},[50,103759,414],{"class":64},[219,103761,582,103763],{"id":103762},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103764,102676],{},[20,103766,212,103767,589],{},[15,103768,102676],{},[233,103770,103771,103774,103777],{},[236,103772,103773],{},"Missing values are normal",[236,103775,103776],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[236,103778,103779],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103781,103782],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[219,103784,1663],{"id":1662},[20,103786,8474,103787,129],{},[15,103788,102676],{},[811,103790,8480,103792,103794],{"id":103791},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103793,102676],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103796,4550],{},[41,103798,103800],{"className":43,"code":103799,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103801,103802,103822,103840,103844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103803,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103805,3647],{"class":56},[50,103807,61],{"class":60},[50,103809,65],{"class":64},[50,103811,3011],{"class":101},[50,103813,89],{"class":64},[50,103815,3016],{"class":101},[50,103817,89],{"class":64},[50,103819,2473],{"class":101},[50,103821,105],{"class":64},[50,103823,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103825,3647],{"class":56},[50,103827,61],{"class":60},[50,103829,4287],{"class":56},[50,103831,129],{"class":64},[50,103833,102743],{"class":125},[50,103835,122],{"class":64},[50,103837,2076],{"class":101},[50,103839,414],{"class":64},[50,103841,103842],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103843,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103845,103846,103848,103850,103852],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,103847,119],{"class":118},[50,103849,122],{"class":64},[50,103851,3678],{"class":125},[50,103853,414],{"class":64},[20,103855,103856,41966,103858,8629,103860,35,103862,129],{},[15,103857,3678],{},[15,103859,38],{},[15,103861,102676],{},[15,103863,38],{},[20,103865,18830],{},[41,103867,103869],{"className":43,"code":103868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103870,103871,103891,103905,103909],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103872,103873,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103874,3647],{"class":56},[50,103876,61],{"class":60},[50,103878,65],{"class":64},[50,103880,3011],{"class":101},[50,103882,89],{"class":64},[50,103884,3016],{"class":101},[50,103886,89],{"class":64},[50,103888,2473],{"class":101},[50,103890,105],{"class":64},[50,103892,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103894,3678],{"class":56},[50,103896,129],{"class":64},[50,103898,102743],{"class":125},[50,103900,122],{"class":64},[50,103902,2076],{"class":101},[50,103904,414],{"class":64},[50,103906,103907],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103908,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103910,103911,103913,103915,103917],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,103912,119],{"class":118},[50,103914,122],{"class":64},[50,103916,3678],{"class":125},[50,103918,414],{"class":64},[811,103920,37012,103922,8733,103924],{"id":103921},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103923,102676],{},[15,103925,55345],{},[20,103927,103928,103929,129],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103930,102676],{},[41,103932,103934],{"className":43,"code":103933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103935,103936,103968,103989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103937,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103939,35897],{"class":56},[50,103941,61],{"class":60},[50,103943,65],{"class":64},[50,103945,69],{"class":68},[50,103947,380],{"class":72},[50,103949,69],{"class":68},[50,103951,89],{"class":64},[50,103953,81],{"class":68},[50,103955,4784],{"class":72},[50,103957,69],{"class":68},[50,103959,89],{"class":64},[50,103961,81],{"class":68},[50,103963,9763],{"class":72},[50,103965,69],{"class":68},[50,103967,105],{"class":64},[50,103969,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103971,35950],{"class":56},[50,103973,129],{"class":64},[50,103975,102743],{"class":125},[50,103977,122],{"class":64},[50,103979,69],{"class":68},[50,103981,21875],{"class":72},[50,103983,69],{"class":68},[50,103985,1206],{"class":64},[50,103987,103988],{"class":146},"   # safe\n",[50,103990,103991,103993,103995,103997],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103992,119],{"class":118},[50,103994,122],{"class":64},[50,103996,35950],{"class":125},[50,103998,414],{"class":64},[20,104000,104001,104002,45721,104005,129],{},"If you use ",[15,104003,104004],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104006,31],{},[811,104008,25416,104010,104012],{"id":104009},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104011,102676],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104014,104015,102029],{},[15,104016,102676],{},[20,104018,16643],{},[41,104020,104022],{"className":43,"code":104021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104023,104024,104044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104025,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104027,7805],{"class":56},[50,104029,61],{"class":60},[50,104031,3652],{"class":64},[50,104033,3011],{"class":101},[50,104035,89],{"class":64},[50,104037,3016],{"class":101},[50,104039,89],{"class":64},[50,104041,2473],{"class":101},[50,104043,788],{"class":64},[50,104045,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104047,7836],{"class":56},[50,104049,129],{"class":64},[50,104051,102743],{"class":125},[50,104053,122],{"class":64},[50,104055,2076],{"class":101},[50,104057,414],{"class":64},[20,104059,104060,104061,78],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104062,102676],{},[41,104064,104066],{"className":43,"code":104065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104067,104068,104088,104102],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104069,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104071,7805],{"class":56},[50,104073,61],{"class":60},[50,104075,65],{"class":64},[50,104077,3011],{"class":101},[50,104079,89],{"class":64},[50,104081,3016],{"class":101},[50,104083,89],{"class":64},[50,104085,2473],{"class":101},[50,104087,105],{"class":64},[50,104089,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104091,7836],{"class":56},[50,104093,129],{"class":64},[50,104095,102743],{"class":125},[50,104097,122],{"class":64},[50,104099,2076],{"class":101},[50,104101,414],{"class":64},[50,104103,104104,104106,104108,104110],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104105,119],{"class":118},[50,104107,122],{"class":64},[50,104109,7836],{"class":125},[50,104111,414],{"class":64},[811,104113,104115],{"id":104114},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104117,104118],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104120,2859],{},[41,104122,104124],{"className":43,"code":104123,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104125,104126,104146],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104127,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104129,829],{"class":56},[50,104131,61],{"class":60},[50,104133,65],{"class":64},[50,104135,3011],{"class":101},[50,104137,89],{"class":64},[50,104139,3016],{"class":101},[50,104141,89],{"class":64},[50,104143,2473],{"class":101},[50,104145,105],{"class":64},[50,104147,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104149,776],{"class":56},[50,104151,129],{"class":64},[50,104153,102743],{"class":125},[50,104155,3008],{"class":64},[50,104157,2076],{"class":101},[50,104159,3911],{"class":64},[20,104161,104162],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[219,104164,8901],{"id":8900},[20,104166,8904,104167,104169],{},[15,104168,102676],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[41,104171,104173],{"className":43,"code":104172,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104174,104175,104185,104199,104213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104176,104177,104179,104181,104183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104178,119],{"class":118},[50,104180,122],{"class":64},[50,104182,15667],{"class":125},[50,104184,414],{"class":64},[50,104186,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104188,119],{"class":118},[50,104190,122],{"class":64},[50,104192,1780],{"class":1779},[50,104194,122],{"class":64},[50,104196,15667],{"class":125},[50,104198,1770],{"class":64},[50,104200,104201,104203,104205,104207,104209,104211],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104202,119],{"class":118},[50,104204,122],{"class":64},[50,104206,2468],{"class":125},[50,104208,1562],{"class":1622},[50,104210,96746],{"class":125},[50,104212,414],{"class":64},[50,104214,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,104216,31955],{"class":118},[50,104218,122],{"class":64},[50,104220,6311],{"class":1779},[50,104222,129],{"class":64},[50,104224,102743],{"class":24549},[50,104226,414],{"class":64},[20,104228,11190],{},[233,104230,104231,104234,104237,104240],{},[236,104232,104233],{},"What is currently in the set",[236,104235,104236],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[236,104238,104239],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[236,104241,104242],{},"How Python documents the method",[219,104244,1857],{"id":1856},[811,104246,104248],{"id":104247},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104250,104251,104252,104254],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104253,102676],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[811,104256,5164,104258,12726],{"id":104257},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104259,102681],{},[20,104261,5170,104262,104264],{},[15,104263,38],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[811,104266,5202,104268,1846,104270,1867],{"id":104267},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104269,102676],{},[15,104271,55345],{},[20,104273,104274,104275,26338,104277,104279,104280,104282],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104276,55345],{},[15,104278,31],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104281,102676],{}," does not.",[811,104284,28129,104286,104288],{"id":104285},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104287,102676],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104290,46178,104291,104293],{},[15,104292,102676],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[219,104295,1909],{"id":1908},[233,104297,104298,104304,104310,104315,104319],{},[236,104299,104300],{},[380,104301,96636,104302,1845],{"href":98031},[15,104303,55345],{},[236,104305,104306],{},[380,104307,96636,104308,1845],{"href":98036},[15,104309,12773],{},[236,104311,104312],{},[380,104313,104314],{"href":97705},"Python set: creating a set",[236,104316,104317],{},[380,104318,100171],{"href":98613},[236,104320,104321],{},[380,104322,1014],{"href":1013},[1944,104324,104325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":104327},[104328,104329,104331,104334,104339,104340,104341,104342,104344,104353,104354,104363],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":102853,"depth":108,"text":104330},"What set.discard() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":104332},[104333],{"id":102926,"depth":115,"text":102927},{"id":103006,"depth":108,"text":104335,"children":104336},"What makes discard() different",[104337],{"id":103045,"depth":115,"text":104338},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103198,"depth":108,"text":103199},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":103569,"depth":108,"text":103570},{"id":103762,"depth":108,"text":104343},"When to use discard()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":104345},[104346,104348,104350,104352],{"id":103791,"depth":115,"text":104347},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103921,"depth":115,"text":104349},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104009,"depth":115,"text":104351},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104114,"depth":115,"text":104115},{"id":8900,"depth":108,"text":8901},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":104355},[104356,104357,104359,104361],{"id":104247,"depth":115,"text":104248},{"id":104257,"depth":115,"text":104358},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104267,"depth":115,"text":104360},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104285,"depth":115,"text":104362},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102668,"description":104364},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104371,"title":104372,"body":104373,"description":106379,"extension":1981,"meta":106380,"navigation":111,"path":106381,"seo":106382,"stem":106383,"__hash__":106384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104374,"toc":106337},[104375,104378,104386,104391,104402,104404,104459,104463,104483,104488,104492,104497,104499,104513,104515,104590,104592,104625,104630,104635,104637,104639,104654,104657,104665,104670,104685,104687,104776,104778,104867,104873,104877,104879,104917,104919,104943,104946,104961,104963,105018,105020,105053,105055,105060,105064,105068,105073,105138,105140,105160,105166,105170,105227,105229,105250,105254,105259,105304,105306,105339,105342,105346,105379,105381,105410,105414,105418,105421,105423,105442,105444,105490,105495,105509,105511,105542,105547,105550,105594,105596,105624,105628,105632,105648,105651,105716,105718,105730,105733,105737,105740,105745,105773,105775,105793,105799,105838,105840,105858,105864,105893,105895,105913,105916,105933,105935,105940,105944,105947,105973,105980,105985,106000,106009,106013,106016,106047,106053,106056,106065,106068,106070,106072,106130,106133,106158,106160,106164,106167,106171,106179,106183,106186,106190,106193,106195,106218,106220,106261,106268,106276,106279,106310,106312,106334],[10,104376,104372],{"id":104377},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104379,9152,104380,104382,104383,129],{},[15,104381,3822],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[997,104384,104385],{},"unique values only",[20,104387,35211,104388,104390],{},[15,104389,3822],{}," to:",[233,104392,104393,104396,104399],{},[236,104394,104395],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[236,104397,104398],{},"check whether a value exists",[236,104400,104401],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[219,104403,2022],{"id":2021},[41,104405,104407],{"className":43,"code":104406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104408,104409,104433,104448],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104410,104411,104413,104415,104417,104419,104421,104423,104425,104427,104429,104431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104412,3647],{"class":56},[50,104414,61],{"class":60},[50,104416,3652],{"class":64},[50,104418,3011],{"class":101},[50,104420,89],{"class":64},[50,104422,3016],{"class":101},[50,104424,89],{"class":64},[50,104426,3016],{"class":101},[50,104428,89],{"class":64},[50,104430,2473],{"class":101},[50,104432,788],{"class":64},[50,104434,104435,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104436,104437],{"class":56},"unique_numbers ",[50,104439,61],{"class":60},[50,104441,15634],{"class":1779},[50,104443,122],{"class":64},[50,104445,3678],{"class":125},[50,104447,414],{"class":64},[50,104449,104450,104452,104454,104457],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104451,119],{"class":118},[50,104453,122],{"class":64},[50,104455,104456],{"class":125},"unique_numbers",[50,104458,414],{"class":64},[20,104460,104461],{},[997,104462,2091],{},[41,104464,104465],{"className":43,"code":96429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,104466,104467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104470,9304],{"class":64},[50,104472,3011],{"class":101},[50,104474,89],{"class":64},[50,104476,3016],{"class":101},[50,104478,89],{"class":64},[50,104480,2473],{"class":101},[50,104482,105],{"class":64},[20,104484,212,104485,104487],{},[15,104486,3822],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[219,104489,104491],{"id":104490},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104493,104494,104496],{},[15,104495,3822],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104498,30342],{},[233,104500,104501,104504,104507,104510],{},[236,104502,104503],{},"A set stores unique items only",[236,104505,104506],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[236,104508,104509],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[236,104511,104512],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104514,253],{},[41,104516,104518],{"className":43,"code":104517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104519,104520,104560,104575,104579],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104521,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104523,13084],{"class":56},[50,104525,61],{"class":60},[50,104527,3652],{"class":64},[50,104529,69],{"class":68},[50,104531,13101],{"class":72},[50,104533,69],{"class":68},[50,104535,89],{"class":64},[50,104537,81],{"class":68},[50,104539,13118],{"class":72},[50,104541,69],{"class":68},[50,104543,89],{"class":64},[50,104545,81],{"class":68},[50,104547,13101],{"class":72},[50,104549,69],{"class":68},[50,104551,89],{"class":64},[50,104553,81],{"class":68},[50,104555,17448],{"class":72},[50,104557,69],{"class":68},[50,104559,788],{"class":64},[50,104561,104562,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104563,104564],{"class":56},"unique_colors ",[50,104566,61],{"class":60},[50,104568,15634],{"class":1779},[50,104570,122],{"class":64},[50,104572,17495],{"class":125},[50,104574,414],{"class":64},[50,104576,104577],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104578,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,104580,104581,104583,104585,104588],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,104582,119],{"class":118},[50,104584,122],{"class":64},[50,104586,104587],{"class":125},"unique_colors",[50,104589,414],{"class":64},[20,104591,29831],{},[41,104593,104595],{"className":43,"code":104594,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104596,104597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104598,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104600,9304],{"class":64},[50,104602,1736],{"class":68},[50,104604,13118],{"class":72},[50,104606,1736],{"class":68},[50,104608,89],{"class":64},[50,104610,3321],{"class":68},[50,104612,17448],{"class":72},[50,104614,1736],{"class":68},[50,104616,89],{"class":64},[50,104618,3321],{"class":68},[50,104620,13101],{"class":72},[50,104622,1736],{"class":68},[50,104624,105],{"class":64},[20,104626,2307,104627,104629],{},[15,104628,65211],{}," appears only once.",[20,104631,104632,104633,129],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[380,104634,96150],{"href":96149},[219,104636,387],{"id":386},[20,104638,2180],{},[41,104640,104642],{"className":43,"code":104641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104643,104644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104645,104646,104648,104650,104652],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104647,6311],{"class":1779},[50,104649,122],{"class":64},[50,104651,3748],{"class":125},[50,104653,414],{"class":64},[20,104655,104656],{},"The argument is optional.",[233,104658,104659,104662],{},[236,104660,104661],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[236,104663,104664],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104666,104667,104668,78],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104669,3822],{},[233,104671,104672,104674,104676,104678,104682],{},[236,104673,8119],{},[236,104675,48767],{},[236,104677,60992],{},[236,104679,104680],{},[15,104681,36005],{},[236,104683,104684],{},"another set",[20,104686,2146],{},[41,104688,104690],{"className":43,"code":104689,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104691,104692,104718,104740,104758],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104693,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104695,119],{"class":118},[50,104697,122],{"class":64},[50,104699,6311],{"class":1779},[50,104701,3008],{"class":64},[50,104703,3011],{"class":101},[50,104705,89],{"class":64},[50,104707,3016],{"class":101},[50,104709,89],{"class":64},[50,104711,3016],{"class":101},[50,104713,89],{"class":64},[50,104715,2473],{"class":101},[50,104717,3023],{"class":64},[50,104719,104720,104722,104724,104726,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104721,119],{"class":118},[50,104723,122],{"class":64},[50,104725,6311],{"class":1779},[50,104727,5534],{"class":64},[50,104729,2352],{"class":101},[50,104731,89],{"class":64},[50,104733,7816],{"class":101},[50,104735,89],{"class":64},[50,104737,1144],{"class":101},[50,104739,1799],{"class":64},[50,104741,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104743,119],{"class":118},[50,104745,122],{"class":64},[50,104747,6311],{"class":1779},[50,104749,122],{"class":64},[50,104751,69],{"class":68},[50,104753,3870],{"class":72},[50,104755,69],{"class":68},[50,104757,1770],{"class":64},[50,104759,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,104761,119],{"class":118},[50,104763,122],{"class":64},[50,104765,6311],{"class":1779},[50,104767,122],{"class":64},[50,104769,59816],{"class":118},[50,104771,122],{"class":64},[50,104773,2527],{"class":101},[50,104775,1799],{"class":64},[20,104777,29831],{},[41,104779,104781],{"className":43,"code":104780,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104782,104783,104799,104811,104847],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104784,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104786,9304],{"class":64},[50,104788,3011],{"class":101},[50,104790,89],{"class":64},[50,104792,3016],{"class":101},[50,104794,89],{"class":64},[50,104796,2473],{"class":101},[50,104798,105],{"class":64},[50,104800,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104802,9304],{"class":64},[50,104804,2352],{"class":101},[50,104806,89],{"class":64},[50,104808,7816],{"class":101},[50,104810,105],{"class":64},[50,104812,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837,104839,104841,104843,104845],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104814,9304],{"class":64},[50,104816,1736],{"class":68},[50,104818,60256],{"class":72},[50,104820,1736],{"class":68},[50,104822,89],{"class":64},[50,104824,3321],{"class":68},[50,104826,60265],{"class":72},[50,104828,1736],{"class":68},[50,104830,89],{"class":64},[50,104832,3321],{"class":68},[50,104834,60274],{"class":72},[50,104836,1736],{"class":68},[50,104838,89],{"class":64},[50,104840,3321],{"class":68},[50,104842,60291],{"class":72},[50,104844,1736],{"class":68},[50,104846,105],{"class":64},[50,104848,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,104850,9304],{"class":64},[50,104852,1215],{"class":101},[50,104854,89],{"class":64},[50,104856,5521],{"class":101},[50,104858,89],{"class":64},[50,104860,3016],{"class":101},[50,104862,89],{"class":64},[50,104864,2473],{"class":101},[50,104866,105],{"class":64},[20,104868,104869,104870,129],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[380,104871,104872],{"href":64666},"Python list() function explained",[219,104874,104876],{"id":104875},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104878,98102],{},[41,104880,104881],{"className":43,"code":99067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,104882,104883,104893,104903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104884,104885,104887,104889,104891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104886,98112],{"class":56},[50,104888,61],{"class":60},[50,104890,15634],{"class":1779},[50,104892,8671],{"class":64},[50,104894,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104896,119],{"class":118},[50,104898,122],{"class":64},[50,104900,98131],{"class":125},[50,104902,414],{"class":64},[50,104904,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104906,119],{"class":118},[50,104908,122],{"class":64},[50,104910,1780],{"class":1779},[50,104912,122],{"class":64},[50,104914,98131],{"class":125},[50,104916,1770],{"class":64},[20,104918,2091],{},[41,104920,104921],{"className":43,"code":99110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,104922,104923,104929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104924,104925,104927],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104926,6311],{"class":1779},[50,104928,8671],{"class":64},[50,104930,104931,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104932,3315],{"class":60},[50,104934,3318],{"class":2085},[50,104936,3321],{"class":68},[50,104938,6311],{"class":72},[50,104940,1736],{"class":68},[50,104942,3328],{"class":60},[20,104944,104945],{},"This is important because:",[233,104947,104948,104953],{},[236,104949,104950,104952],{},[15,104951,3822],{}," creates an empty set",[236,104954,104955,104957,104958,104960],{},[15,104956,1240],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[997,104959,1262],{}," a set",[20,104962,253],{},[41,104964,104966],{"className":43,"code":104965,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104967,104968,104978,104986,104990,105004],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104969,104970,104972,104974,104976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104971,2577],{"class":56},[50,104973,61],{"class":60},[50,104975,15634],{"class":1779},[50,104977,8671],{"class":64},[50,104979,104980,104982,104984],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104981,2605],{"class":56},[50,104983,61],{"class":60},[50,104985,9862],{"class":64},[50,104987,104988],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104989,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,104991,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,104993,119],{"class":118},[50,104995,122],{"class":64},[50,104997,1780],{"class":1779},[50,104999,122],{"class":64},[50,105001,380],{"class":125},[50,105003,1770],{"class":64},[50,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,105007,119],{"class":118},[50,105009,122],{"class":64},[50,105011,1780],{"class":1779},[50,105013,122],{"class":64},[50,105015,4784],{"class":125},[50,105017,1770],{"class":64},[20,105019,2091],{},[41,105021,105023],{"className":43,"code":105022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105024,105025,105039],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105026,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105028,3315],{"class":60},[50,105030,3318],{"class":2085},[50,105032,3321],{"class":68},[50,105034,6311],{"class":72},[50,105036,1736],{"class":68},[50,105038,3328],{"class":60},[50,105040,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105042,3315],{"class":60},[50,105044,3318],{"class":2085},[50,105046,3321],{"class":68},[50,105048,8850],{"class":72},[50,105050,1736],{"class":68},[50,105052,3328],{"class":60},[20,105054,14054],{},[20,105056,105057,105058,129],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[380,105059,104314],{"href":96153},[219,105061,105063],{"id":105062},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[811,105065,105067],{"id":105066},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105069,105070,105071,129],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105072,3822],{},[41,105074,105076],{"className":43,"code":105075,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105077,105078,105110,105124,105128],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105079,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105081,3647],{"class":56},[50,105083,61],{"class":60},[50,105085,3652],{"class":64},[50,105087,3011],{"class":101},[50,105089,89],{"class":64},[50,105091,3016],{"class":101},[50,105093,89],{"class":64},[50,105095,3016],{"class":101},[50,105097,89],{"class":64},[50,105099,2473],{"class":101},[50,105101,89],{"class":64},[50,105103,2473],{"class":101},[50,105105,89],{"class":64},[50,105107,2473],{"class":101},[50,105109,788],{"class":64},[50,105111,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105113,2250],{"class":56},[50,105115,61],{"class":60},[50,105117,15634],{"class":1779},[50,105119,122],{"class":64},[50,105121,3678],{"class":125},[50,105123,414],{"class":64},[50,105125,105126],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105127,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105129,105130,105132,105134,105136],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,105131,119],{"class":118},[50,105133,122],{"class":64},[50,105135,2285],{"class":125},[50,105137,414],{"class":64},[20,105139,2091],{},[41,105141,105142],{"className":43,"code":96429,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105143,105144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105145,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105147,9304],{"class":64},[50,105149,3011],{"class":101},[50,105151,89],{"class":64},[50,105153,3016],{"class":101},[50,105155,89],{"class":64},[50,105157,2473],{"class":101},[50,105159,105],{"class":64},[20,105161,105162,105163,129],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[380,105164,98900],{"href":105165},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[811,105167,105169],{"id":105168},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[41,105171,105173],{"className":43,"code":105172,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105174,105175,105199,105213,105217],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105176,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105178,3848],{"class":56},[50,105180,61],{"class":60},[50,105182,9262],{"class":64},[50,105184,2157],{"class":101},[50,105186,89],{"class":64},[50,105188,4629],{"class":101},[50,105190,89],{"class":64},[50,105192,1144],{"class":101},[50,105194,89],{"class":64},[50,105196,37745],{"class":101},[50,105198,414],{"class":64},[50,105200,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105202,2250],{"class":56},[50,105204,61],{"class":60},[50,105206,15634],{"class":1779},[50,105208,122],{"class":64},[50,105210,5382],{"class":125},[50,105212,414],{"class":64},[50,105214,105215],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105216,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105218,105219,105221,105223,105225],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,105220,119],{"class":118},[50,105222,122],{"class":64},[50,105224,2285],{"class":125},[50,105226,414],{"class":64},[20,105228,2091],{},[41,105230,105232],{"className":43,"code":105231,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105233,105234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105235,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105237,9304],{"class":64},[50,105239,2157],{"class":101},[50,105241,89],{"class":64},[50,105243,1144],{"class":101},[50,105245,89],{"class":64},[50,105247,37745],{"class":101},[50,105249,105],{"class":64},[811,105251,105253],{"id":105252},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105255,50942,105256,105258],{},[15,105257,3822],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[41,105260,105262],{"className":43,"code":105261,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105263,105264,105276,105290,105294],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105265,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105267,34492],{"class":56},[50,105269,61],{"class":60},[50,105271,81],{"class":68},[50,105273,4111],{"class":72},[50,105275,3384],{"class":68},[50,105277,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105279,2250],{"class":56},[50,105281,61],{"class":60},[50,105283,15634],{"class":1779},[50,105285,122],{"class":64},[50,105287,34513],{"class":125},[50,105289,414],{"class":64},[50,105291,105292],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105293,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105295,105296,105298,105300,105302],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,105297,119],{"class":118},[50,105299,122],{"class":64},[50,105301,2285],{"class":125},[50,105303,414],{"class":64},[20,105305,29831],{},[41,105307,105309],{"className":43,"code":105308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105310,105311],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105312,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105314,9304],{"class":64},[50,105316,1736],{"class":68},[50,105318,4784],{"class":72},[50,105320,1736],{"class":68},[50,105322,89],{"class":64},[50,105324,3321],{"class":68},[50,105326,380],{"class":72},[50,105328,1736],{"class":68},[50,105330,89],{"class":64},[50,105332,3321],{"class":68},[50,105334,75849],{"class":72},[50,105336,1736],{"class":68},[50,105338,105],{"class":64},[20,105340,105341],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[811,105343,105345],{"id":105344},"from-range","From range()",[41,105347,105349],{"className":43,"code":105348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105350,105351,105369],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105352,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363,105365,105367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105354,2250],{"class":56},[50,105356,61],{"class":60},[50,105358,15634],{"class":1779},[50,105360,122],{"class":64},[50,105362,59816],{"class":118},[50,105364,122],{"class":64},[50,105366,2157],{"class":101},[50,105368,1770],{"class":64},[50,105370,105371,105373,105375,105377],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105372,119],{"class":118},[50,105374,122],{"class":64},[50,105376,2285],{"class":125},[50,105378,414],{"class":64},[20,105380,2091],{},[41,105382,105384],{"className":43,"code":105383,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105385,105386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105387,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105389,9304],{"class":64},[50,105391,1215],{"class":101},[50,105393,89],{"class":64},[50,105395,5521],{"class":101},[50,105397,89],{"class":64},[50,105399,3016],{"class":101},[50,105401,89],{"class":64},[50,105403,2473],{"class":101},[50,105405,89],{"class":64},[50,105407,2479],{"class":101},[50,105409,105],{"class":64},[219,105411,105413],{"id":105412},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105415,99347,105416,129],{},[997,105417,96193],{},[20,105419,105420],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105422,99353],{},[233,105424,105425,105429,105433,105437],{},[236,105426,105427],{},[15,105428,2209],{},[236,105430,105431],{},[15,105432,3470],{},[236,105434,105435],{},[15,105436,2212],{},[236,105438,105439,105441],{},[15,105440,48767],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105443,253],{},[41,105445,105447],{"className":43,"code":105446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105448,105449,105480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105450,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105452,7805],{"class":56},[50,105454,61],{"class":60},[50,105456,65],{"class":64},[50,105458,3011],{"class":101},[50,105460,89],{"class":64},[50,105462,81],{"class":68},[50,105464,3870],{"class":72},[50,105466,69],{"class":68},[50,105468,89],{"class":64},[50,105470,9262],{"class":64},[50,105472,2352],{"class":101},[50,105474,89],{"class":64},[50,105476,7816],{"class":101},[50,105478,105479],{"class":64},")}\n",[50,105481,105482,105484,105486,105488],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105483,119],{"class":118},[50,105485,122],{"class":64},[50,105487,7836],{"class":125},[50,105489,414],{"class":64},[20,105491,99415,105492,105494],{},[997,105493,1262],{}," work inside a set:",[233,105496,105497,105501,105505],{},[236,105498,105499],{},[15,105500,8119],{},[236,105502,105503],{},[15,105504,8850],{},[236,105506,105507],{},[15,105508,6311],{},[20,105510,96918],{},[41,105512,105514],{"className":43,"code":105513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105515,105516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105517,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532,105534,105536,105538,105540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105519,99434],{"class":56},[50,105521,61],{"class":60},[50,105523,99439],{"class":64},[50,105525,3011],{"class":101},[50,105527,89],{"class":64},[50,105529,3016],{"class":101},[50,105531,18055],{"class":64},[50,105533,3652],{"class":64},[50,105535,2082],{"class":101},[50,105537,89],{"class":64},[50,105539,2479],{"class":101},[50,105541,13713],{"class":64},[20,105543,76677,105544,105546],{},[15,105545,3029],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105548,105549],{},"A safer example:",[41,105551,105553],{"className":43,"code":105552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105554,105555,105583],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105556,105557,105560,105562,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105558,105559],{"class":56},"good_set ",[50,105561,61],{"class":60},[50,105563,105564],{"class":64}," {(",[50,105566,3011],{"class":101},[50,105568,89],{"class":64},[50,105570,3016],{"class":101},[50,105572,9259],{"class":64},[50,105574,9262],{"class":64},[50,105576,2082],{"class":101},[50,105578,89],{"class":64},[50,105580,2479],{"class":101},[50,105582,105479],{"class":64},[50,105584,105585,105587,105589,105592],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105586,119],{"class":118},[50,105588,122],{"class":64},[50,105590,105591],{"class":125},"good_set",[50,105593,414],{"class":64},[20,105595,2091],{},[41,105597,105599],{"className":43,"code":105598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105600,105601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105602,105603,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105604,105605],{"class":64},"{(",[50,105607,3011],{"class":101},[50,105609,89],{"class":64},[50,105611,3016],{"class":101},[50,105613,9259],{"class":64},[50,105615,9262],{"class":64},[50,105617,2082],{"class":101},[50,105619,89],{"class":64},[50,105621,2479],{"class":101},[50,105623,105479],{"class":64},[219,105625,105627],{"id":105626},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105629,212,105630,589],{},[15,105631,3822],{},[233,105633,105634,105637,105642,105645],{},[236,105635,105636],{},"you need unique values only",[236,105638,105639,105640],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105641,1562],{},[236,105643,105644],{},"order does not matter",[236,105646,105647],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105649,105650],{},"Example of membership checking:",[41,105652,105654],{"className":43,"code":105653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105655,105656,105681,105685,105701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105657,105658,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105674,105676,105679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105659,105660],{"class":56},"allowed_ids ",[50,105662,61],{"class":60},[50,105664,15634],{"class":1779},[50,105666,3008],{"class":64},[50,105668,46405],{"class":101},[50,105670,89],{"class":64},[50,105672,105673],{"class":101}," 102",[50,105675,89],{"class":64},[50,105677,105678],{"class":101}," 103",[50,105680,3911],{"class":64},[50,105682,105683],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105684,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105686,105687,105689,105691,105694,105696,105699],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105688,119],{"class":118},[50,105690,122],{"class":64},[50,105692,105693],{"class":101},"102",[50,105695,1623],{"class":1622},[50,105697,105698],{"class":125}," allowed_ids",[50,105700,414],{"class":64},[50,105702,105703,105705,105707,105710,105712,105714],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,105704,119],{"class":118},[50,105706,122],{"class":64},[50,105708,105709],{"class":101},"999",[50,105711,1623],{"class":1622},[50,105713,105698],{"class":125},[50,105715,414],{"class":64},[20,105717,2091],{},[41,105719,105720],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105721,105722,105726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105723,105724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105725,4002],{"class":1494},[50,105727,105728],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105729,4063],{"class":1494},[20,105731,105732],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[219,105734,105736],{"id":105735},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105738,105739],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[811,105741,212,105743,98044],{"id":105742},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105744,3822],{},[41,105746,105747],{"className":43,"code":98105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105748,105749,105759],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105750,105751,105753,105755,105757],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105752,98112],{"class":56},[50,105754,61],{"class":60},[50,105756,15634],{"class":1779},[50,105758,8671],{"class":64},[50,105760,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769,105771],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105762,119],{"class":118},[50,105764,122],{"class":64},[50,105766,1780],{"class":1779},[50,105768,122],{"class":64},[50,105770,98131],{"class":125},[50,105772,1770],{"class":64},[20,105774,2091],{},[41,105776,105777],{"className":43,"code":8881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105778,105779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105780,105781,105783,105785,105787,105789,105791],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105782,3315],{"class":60},[50,105784,3318],{"class":2085},[50,105786,3321],{"class":68},[50,105788,6311],{"class":72},[50,105790,1736],{"class":68},[50,105792,3328],{"class":60},[811,105794,212,105796,105798],{"id":105795},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105797,100104],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[41,105800,105802],{"className":43,"code":105801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105803,105804,105824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105805,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105807,3647],{"class":56},[50,105809,61],{"class":60},[50,105811,65],{"class":64},[50,105813,3011],{"class":101},[50,105815,89],{"class":64},[50,105817,3016],{"class":101},[50,105819,89],{"class":64},[50,105821,2473],{"class":101},[50,105823,105],{"class":64},[50,105825,105826,105828,105830,105832,105834,105836],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105827,119],{"class":118},[50,105829,122],{"class":64},[50,105831,1780],{"class":1779},[50,105833,122],{"class":64},[50,105835,3678],{"class":125},[50,105837,1770],{"class":64},[20,105839,2091],{},[41,105841,105842],{"className":43,"code":8881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105843,105844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105845,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105847,3315],{"class":60},[50,105849,3318],{"class":2085},[50,105851,3321],{"class":68},[50,105853,6311],{"class":72},[50,105855,1736],{"class":68},[50,105857,3328],{"class":60},[811,105859,212,105861,105863],{"id":105860},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105862,1240],{}," for an empty dictionary",[41,105865,105867],{"className":43,"code":105866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105868,105869,105878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105870,105871,105874,105876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105872,105873],{"class":56},"empty_dict ",[50,105875,61],{"class":60},[50,105877,9862],{"class":64},[50,105879,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105891],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105881,119],{"class":118},[50,105883,122],{"class":64},[50,105885,1780],{"class":1779},[50,105887,122],{"class":64},[50,105889,105890],{"class":125},"empty_dict",[50,105892,1770],{"class":64},[20,105894,2091],{},[41,105896,105897],{"className":43,"code":8837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105898,105899],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105900,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909,105911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105902,3315],{"class":60},[50,105904,3318],{"class":2085},[50,105906,3321],{"class":68},[50,105908,8850],{"class":72},[50,105910,1736],{"class":68},[50,105912,3328],{"class":60},[20,105914,105915],{},"So the rule is simple:",[233,105917,105918,105923,105928],{},[236,105919,105920,105922],{},[15,105921,3822],{}," → empty set",[236,105924,105925,105927],{},[15,105926,100104],{}," → non-empty set",[236,105929,105930,105932],{},[15,105931,1240],{}," → empty dictionary",[219,105934,1663],{"id":1662},[20,105936,105937,105938,129],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105939,3822],{},[811,105941,8444,105942,99702],{"id":99699},[15,105943,1240],{},[20,105945,105946],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[41,105948,105949],{"className":43,"code":99708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105950,105951,105959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105952,105953,105955,105957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105954,2468],{"class":56},[50,105956,61],{"class":60},[50,105958,9862],{"class":64},[50,105960,105961,105963,105965,105967,105969,105971],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105962,119],{"class":118},[50,105964,122],{"class":64},[50,105966,1780],{"class":1779},[50,105968,122],{"class":64},[50,105970,2495],{"class":125},[50,105972,1770],{"class":64},[811,105974,105976,105977],{"id":105975},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105978,105979],{},"set(5)",[20,105981,105982,105984],{},[15,105983,3822],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[41,105986,105988],{"className":43,"code":105987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set(5)\n",[15,105989,105990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105991,105992,105994,105996,105998],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105993,6311],{"class":1779},[50,105995,122],{"class":64},[50,105997,2157],{"class":101},[50,105999,414],{"class":64},[20,106001,3026,106002,106004,106005,129],{},[15,106003,3029],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[380,106006,106008],{"href":106007},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[811,106010,106012],{"id":106011},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106014,106015],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[41,106017,106019],{"className":43,"code":106018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106020,106021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106022,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106024,2468],{"class":56},[50,106026,61],{"class":60},[50,106028,99439],{"class":64},[50,106030,3011],{"class":101},[50,106032,89],{"class":64},[50,106034,3016],{"class":101},[50,106036,18055],{"class":64},[50,106038,3652],{"class":64},[50,106040,2082],{"class":101},[50,106042,89],{"class":64},[50,106044,2479],{"class":101},[50,106046,13713],{"class":64},[811,106048,8480,106050,106052],{"id":106049},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106051,3822],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106054,106055],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[811,106057,37012,106059,8733,106061,2901,106063],{"id":106058},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106060,3822],{},[15,106062,24580],{},[15,106064,9149],{},[20,106066,106067],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[219,106069,60528],{"id":60527},[20,106071,11132],{},[41,106073,106075],{"className":43,"code":106074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106076,106077,106092,106102,106116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106078,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087,106090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106080,119],{"class":118},[50,106082,122],{"class":64},[50,106084,1780],{"class":1779},[50,106086,122],{"class":64},[50,106088,106089],{"class":125},"my_value",[50,106091,1770],{"class":64},[50,106093,106094,106096,106098,106100],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106095,119],{"class":118},[50,106097,122],{"class":64},[50,106099,106089],{"class":125},[50,106101,414],{"class":64},[50,106103,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106105,119],{"class":118},[50,106107,122],{"class":64},[50,106109,8119],{"class":1779},[50,106111,122],{"class":64},[50,106113,15667],{"class":125},[50,106115,1770],{"class":64},[50,106117,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,106119,119],{"class":118},[50,106121,122],{"class":64},[50,106123,11181],{"class":118},[50,106125,122],{"class":64},[50,106127,15667],{"class":125},[50,106129,1770],{"class":64},[20,106131,106132],{},"What they help you see:",[233,106134,106135,106141,106146,106152],{},[236,106136,106137,106140],{},[15,106138,106139],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[236,106142,106143,90368],{},[15,106144,106145],{},"print(my_value)",[236,106147,106148,106151],{},[15,106149,106150],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[236,106153,106154,106157],{},[15,106155,106156],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[219,106159,1857],{"id":1856},[811,106161,106163],{"id":106162},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106165,106166],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[811,106168,106170],{"id":106169},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106172,212,106173,106175,106176,106178],{},[15,106174,3822],{},". Do not use ",[15,106177,1240],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[811,106180,106182],{"id":106181},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106184,106185],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[811,106187,106189],{"id":106188},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106191,106192],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106194,253],{},[41,106196,106198],{"className":43,"code":106197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106199,106200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106201,106202,106204,106206,106208,106210,106212,106214,106216],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106203,119],{"class":118},[50,106205,122],{"class":64},[50,106207,6311],{"class":1779},[50,106209,122],{"class":64},[50,106211,69],{"class":68},[50,106213,4102],{"class":72},[50,106215,69],{"class":68},[50,106217,1770],{"class":64},[20,106219,29831],{},[41,106221,106223],{"className":43,"code":106222,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106224,106225],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106226,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257,106259],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106228,9304],{"class":64},[50,106230,1736],{"class":68},[50,106232,380],{"class":72},[50,106234,1736],{"class":68},[50,106236,89],{"class":64},[50,106238,3321],{"class":68},[50,106240,20],{"class":72},[50,106242,1736],{"class":68},[50,106244,89],{"class":64},[50,106246,3321],{"class":68},[50,106248,60274],{"class":72},[50,106250,1736],{"class":68},[50,106252,89],{"class":64},[50,106254,3321],{"class":68},[50,106256,60265],{"class":72},[50,106258,1736],{"class":68},[50,106260,105],{"class":64},[811,106262,5180,106264,106267],{"id":106263},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106265,106266],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106269,106270,28486,106272,106275],{},[15,106271,3822],{},[997,106273,106274],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106277,106278],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[41,106280,106282],{"className":43,"code":106281,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106283,106284],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106285,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106287,119],{"class":118},[50,106289,122],{"class":64},[50,106291,6311],{"class":1779},[50,106293,3008],{"class":64},[50,106295,3011],{"class":101},[50,106297,89],{"class":64},[50,106299,3016],{"class":101},[50,106301,89],{"class":64},[50,106303,2473],{"class":101},[50,106305,89],{"class":64},[50,106307,2479],{"class":101},[50,106309,3023],{"class":64},[219,106311,1909],{"id":1908},[233,106313,106314,106318,106322,106326,106330],{},[236,106315,106316],{},[380,106317,96150],{"href":96149},[236,106319,106320],{},[380,106321,104314],{"href":96153},[236,106323,106324],{},[380,106325,100166],{"href":105165},[236,106327,106328],{},[380,106329,104872],{"href":64666},[236,106331,106332],{},[380,106333,106008],{"href":106007},[1944,106335,106336],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":106338},[106339,106340,106341,106342,106343,106349,106350,106351,106359,106369,106370,106378],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":104490,"depth":108,"text":104491},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":104875,"depth":108,"text":104876},{"id":105062,"depth":108,"text":105063,"children":106344},[106345,106346,106347,106348],{"id":105066,"depth":115,"text":105067},{"id":105168,"depth":115,"text":105169},{"id":105252,"depth":115,"text":105253},{"id":105344,"depth":115,"text":105345},{"id":105412,"depth":108,"text":105413},{"id":105626,"depth":108,"text":105627},{"id":105735,"depth":108,"text":105736,"children":106352},[106353,106355,106357],{"id":105742,"depth":115,"text":106354},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105795,"depth":115,"text":106356},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105860,"depth":115,"text":106358},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":106360},[106361,106362,106364,106365,106367],{"id":99699,"depth":115,"text":100207},{"id":105975,"depth":115,"text":106363},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106011,"depth":115,"text":106012},{"id":106049,"depth":115,"text":106366},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106058,"depth":115,"text":106368},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60527,"depth":108,"text":60528},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":106371},[106372,106373,106374,106375,106376],{"id":106162,"depth":115,"text":106163},{"id":106169,"depth":115,"text":106170},{"id":106181,"depth":115,"text":106182},{"id":106188,"depth":115,"text":106189},{"id":106263,"depth":115,"text":106377},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104372,"description":106379},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106386,"title":106387,"body":106388,"description":107903,"extension":1981,"meta":107904,"navigation":111,"path":107905,"seo":107906,"stem":107907,"__hash__":107908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106389,"toc":107879},[106390,106396,106401,106404,106487,106492,106497,106502,106504,106517,106521,106523,106542,106545,106568,106571,106582,106584,106665,106667,106684,106686,106692,106695,106790,106792,106823,106825,106833,106835,106838,106949,106951,106976,106978,107000,107005,107010,107016,107125,107127,107143,107146,107149,107232,107234,107251,107259,107261,107265,107271,107362,107364,107397,107402,107409,107486,107488,107505,107511,107513,107517,107533,107536,107562,107564,107625,107627,107750,107752,107803,107809,107811,107816,107818,107824,107827,107831,107834,107838,107841,107851,107853,107876],[10,106391,3603,106393,18],{"id":106392},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106394,106395],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106397,228,106398,106400],{},[15,106399,106395],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106402,106403],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[41,106405,106407],{"className":43,"code":106406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106408,106409,106429,106449,106453,106472,106482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106410,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106412,2577],{"class":56},[50,106414,61],{"class":60},[50,106416,65],{"class":64},[50,106418,3011],{"class":101},[50,106420,89],{"class":64},[50,106422,3016],{"class":101},[50,106424,89],{"class":64},[50,106426,2473],{"class":101},[50,106428,105],{"class":64},[50,106430,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106432,2605],{"class":56},[50,106434,61],{"class":60},[50,106436,65],{"class":64},[50,106438,2076],{"class":101},[50,106440,89],{"class":64},[50,106442,2473],{"class":101},[50,106444,89],{"class":64},[50,106446,2479],{"class":101},[50,106448,105],{"class":64},[50,106450,106451],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106452,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106454,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106466,106468,106470],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,106456,2250],{"class":56},[50,106458,61],{"class":60},[50,106460,56704],{"class":56},[50,106462,129],{"class":64},[50,106464,106465],{"class":125},"intersection",[50,106467,122],{"class":64},[50,106469,4784],{"class":125},[50,106471,414],{"class":64},[50,106473,106474,106476,106478,106480],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,106475,119],{"class":118},[50,106477,122],{"class":64},[50,106479,2285],{"class":125},[50,106481,414],{"class":64},[50,106483,106484],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,106485,106486],{"class":146},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106488,212,106489,106491],{},[15,106490,102613],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[219,106493,13005,106495,13008],{"id":106494},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106496,102613],{},[20,106498,106499,106501],{},[15,106500,102613],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106503,13060],{},[233,106505,106506,106509,106511,106514],{},[236,106507,106508],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[236,106510,100383],{},[236,106512,106513],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[236,106515,106516],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106518,96146,106519,129],{},[380,106520,96150],{"href":96149},[219,106522,387],{"id":386},[41,106524,106526],{"className":43,"code":106525,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106527,106528],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106529,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106531,100407],{"class":56},[50,106533,129],{"class":64},[50,106535,106465],{"class":125},[50,106537,122],{"class":64},[50,106539,100416],{"class":125},[50,106541,414],{"class":64},[20,106543,106544],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[41,106546,106548],{"className":43,"code":106547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106549,106550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106551,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106553,100407],{"class":56},[50,106555,129],{"class":64},[50,106557,106465],{"class":125},[50,106559,122],{"class":64},[50,106561,100416],{"class":125},[50,106563,89],{"class":64},[50,106565,100443],{"class":125},[50,106567,414],{"class":64},[20,106569,106570],{},"Important notes:",[233,106572,106573,106576,106579],{},[236,106574,106575],{},"The result is always a new set",[236,106577,106578],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[236,106580,106581],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106583,253],{},[41,106585,106587],{"className":43,"code":106586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106588,106589,106613,106633,106637,106655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106590,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106592,2577],{"class":56},[50,106594,61],{"class":60},[50,106596,65],{"class":64},[50,106598,3011],{"class":101},[50,106600,89],{"class":64},[50,106602,3016],{"class":101},[50,106604,89],{"class":64},[50,106606,2473],{"class":101},[50,106608,89],{"class":64},[50,106610,2479],{"class":101},[50,106612,105],{"class":64},[50,106614,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623,106625,106627,106629,106631],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106616,2605],{"class":56},[50,106618,61],{"class":60},[50,106620,65],{"class":64},[50,106622,2082],{"class":101},[50,106624,89],{"class":64},[50,106626,2479],{"class":101},[50,106628,89],{"class":64},[50,106630,4629],{"class":101},[50,106632,105],{"class":64},[50,106634,106635],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106636,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106638,106639,106641,106643,106645,106647,106649,106651,106653],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,106640,2250],{"class":56},[50,106642,61],{"class":60},[50,106644,56704],{"class":56},[50,106646,129],{"class":64},[50,106648,106465],{"class":125},[50,106650,122],{"class":64},[50,106652,4784],{"class":125},[50,106654,414],{"class":64},[50,106656,106657,106659,106661,106663],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,106658,119],{"class":118},[50,106660,122],{"class":64},[50,106662,2285],{"class":125},[50,106664,414],{"class":64},[20,106666,2091],{},[41,106668,106670],{"className":43,"code":106669,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106671,106672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106673,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106675,9304],{"class":64},[50,106677,2082],{"class":101},[50,106679,89],{"class":64},[50,106681,2479],{"class":101},[50,106683,105],{"class":64},[219,106685,17411],{"id":17410},[20,106687,106688,21773,106690,129],{},[15,106689,102613],{},[997,106691,6311],{},[20,106693,106694],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[41,106696,106698],{"className":43,"code":106697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106699,106700,106720,106740,106744,106762,106766,106776],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106701,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106703,2577],{"class":56},[50,106705,61],{"class":60},[50,106707,65],{"class":64},[50,106709,3011],{"class":101},[50,106711,89],{"class":64},[50,106713,3016],{"class":101},[50,106715,89],{"class":64},[50,106717,2473],{"class":101},[50,106719,105],{"class":64},[50,106721,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106723,2605],{"class":56},[50,106725,61],{"class":60},[50,106727,65],{"class":64},[50,106729,2076],{"class":101},[50,106731,89],{"class":64},[50,106733,2473],{"class":101},[50,106735,89],{"class":64},[50,106737,2479],{"class":101},[50,106739,105],{"class":64},[50,106741,106742],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106743,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106745,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,106747,2250],{"class":56},[50,106749,61],{"class":60},[50,106751,56704],{"class":56},[50,106753,129],{"class":64},[50,106755,106465],{"class":125},[50,106757,122],{"class":64},[50,106759,4784],{"class":125},[50,106761,414],{"class":64},[50,106763,106764],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,106765,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106767,106768,106770,106772,106774],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,106769,119],{"class":118},[50,106771,122],{"class":64},[50,106773,2285],{"class":125},[50,106775,414],{"class":64},[50,106777,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,106779,119],{"class":118},[50,106781,122],{"class":64},[50,106783,1780],{"class":1779},[50,106785,122],{"class":64},[50,106787,2285],{"class":125},[50,106789,1770],{"class":64},[20,106791,2091],{},[41,106793,106795],{"className":43,"code":106794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106796,106797,106809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106798,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106800,9304],{"class":64},[50,106802,2076],{"class":101},[50,106804,89],{"class":64},[50,106806,2473],{"class":101},[50,106808,105],{"class":64},[50,106810,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106812,3315],{"class":60},[50,106814,3318],{"class":2085},[50,106816,3321],{"class":68},[50,106818,6311],{"class":72},[50,106820,1736],{"class":68},[50,106822,3328],{"class":60},[20,106824,85631],{},[233,106826,106827,106830],{},[236,106828,106829],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[236,106831,106832],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[219,106834,11490],{"id":11489},[20,106836,106837],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[41,106839,106841],{"className":43,"code":106840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106842,106843,106876,106909,106913,106934,106938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106844,106845,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106846,106847],{"class":56},"colors1 ",[50,106849,61],{"class":60},[50,106851,65],{"class":64},[50,106853,69],{"class":68},[50,106855,13101],{"class":72},[50,106857,69],{"class":68},[50,106859,89],{"class":64},[50,106861,81],{"class":68},[50,106863,13118],{"class":72},[50,106865,69],{"class":68},[50,106867,89],{"class":64},[50,106869,81],{"class":68},[50,106871,17448],{"class":72},[50,106873,69],{"class":68},[50,106875,105],{"class":64},[50,106877,106878,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106879,106880],{"class":56},"colors2 ",[50,106882,61],{"class":60},[50,106884,65],{"class":64},[50,106886,69],{"class":68},[50,106888,17448],{"class":72},[50,106890,69],{"class":68},[50,106892,89],{"class":64},[50,106894,81],{"class":68},[50,106896,22322],{"class":72},[50,106898,69],{"class":68},[50,106900,89],{"class":64},[50,106902,81],{"class":68},[50,106904,13118],{"class":72},[50,106906,69],{"class":68},[50,106908,105],{"class":64},[50,106910,106911],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106912,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106914,106915,106918,106920,106923,106925,106927,106929,106932],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,106916,106917],{"class":56},"common_colors ",[50,106919,61],{"class":60},[50,106921,106922],{"class":56}," colors1",[50,106924,129],{"class":64},[50,106926,106465],{"class":125},[50,106928,122],{"class":64},[50,106930,106931],{"class":125},"colors2",[50,106933,414],{"class":64},[50,106935,106936],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,106937,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106939,106940,106942,106944,106947],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,106941,119],{"class":118},[50,106943,122],{"class":64},[50,106945,106946],{"class":125},"common_colors",[50,106948,414],{"class":64},[20,106950,2091],{},[41,106952,106954],{"className":43,"code":106953,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106955,106956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106957,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106959,9304],{"class":64},[50,106961,1736],{"class":68},[50,106963,13118],{"class":72},[50,106965,1736],{"class":68},[50,106967,89],{"class":64},[50,106969,3321],{"class":68},[50,106971,17448],{"class":72},[50,106973,1736],{"class":68},[50,106975,105],{"class":64},[20,106977,11697],{},[233,106979,106980,106986,106990,106995],{},[236,106981,106982,106985],{},[15,106983,106984],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[236,106987,106988,106985],{},[15,106989,106931],{},[236,106991,106992,106994],{},[15,106993,102613],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[236,106996,106997,106998],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106999,106946],{},[219,107001,8444,107003,100980],{"id":107002},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107004,102613],{},[20,107006,107007,107008,129],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107009,102613],{},[20,107011,107012,107013,107015],{},"Only the values found in ",[997,107014,3743],{}," inputs will be kept.",[41,107017,107019],{"className":43,"code":107018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107020,107021,107045,107069,107089,107093,107115],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107022,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037,107039,107041,107043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107024,2577],{"class":56},[50,107026,61],{"class":60},[50,107028,65],{"class":64},[50,107030,3011],{"class":101},[50,107032,89],{"class":64},[50,107034,3016],{"class":101},[50,107036,89],{"class":64},[50,107038,2473],{"class":101},[50,107040,89],{"class":64},[50,107042,2479],{"class":101},[50,107044,105],{"class":64},[50,107046,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107048,2605],{"class":56},[50,107050,61],{"class":60},[50,107052,65],{"class":64},[50,107054,2076],{"class":101},[50,107056,89],{"class":64},[50,107058,2473],{"class":101},[50,107060,89],{"class":64},[50,107062,2479],{"class":101},[50,107064,89],{"class":64},[50,107066,4629],{"class":101},[50,107068,105],{"class":64},[50,107070,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107072,83005],{"class":56},[50,107074,61],{"class":60},[50,107076,65],{"class":64},[50,107078,2082],{"class":101},[50,107080,89],{"class":64},[50,107082,2479],{"class":101},[50,107084,89],{"class":64},[50,107086,37452],{"class":101},[50,107088,105],{"class":64},[50,107090,107091],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107092,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107094,107095,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,107096,2250],{"class":56},[50,107098,61],{"class":60},[50,107100,56704],{"class":56},[50,107102,129],{"class":64},[50,107104,106465],{"class":125},[50,107106,122],{"class":64},[50,107108,4784],{"class":125},[50,107110,89],{"class":64},[50,107112,9705],{"class":125},[50,107114,414],{"class":64},[50,107116,107117,107119,107121,107123],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,107118,119],{"class":118},[50,107120,122],{"class":64},[50,107122,2285],{"class":125},[50,107124,414],{"class":64},[20,107126,2091],{},[41,107128,107129],{"className":43,"code":106669,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,107130,107131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107132,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107134,9304],{"class":64},[50,107136,2082],{"class":101},[50,107138,89],{"class":64},[50,107140,2479],{"class":101},[50,107142,105],{"class":64},[20,107144,107145],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107147,107148],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[41,107150,107152],{"className":43,"code":107151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107153,107154,107178,107182,107222],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107155,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172,107174,107176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107157,2577],{"class":56},[50,107159,61],{"class":60},[50,107161,65],{"class":64},[50,107163,3011],{"class":101},[50,107165,89],{"class":64},[50,107167,3016],{"class":101},[50,107169,89],{"class":64},[50,107171,2473],{"class":101},[50,107173,89],{"class":64},[50,107175,2479],{"class":101},[50,107177,105],{"class":64},[50,107179,107180],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107181,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107183,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107185,2250],{"class":56},[50,107187,61],{"class":60},[50,107189,56704],{"class":56},[50,107191,129],{"class":64},[50,107193,106465],{"class":125},[50,107195,3008],{"class":64},[50,107197,2076],{"class":101},[50,107199,89],{"class":64},[50,107201,2479],{"class":101},[50,107203,89],{"class":64},[50,107205,37452],{"class":101},[50,107207,18055],{"class":64},[50,107209,9262],{"class":64},[50,107211,3011],{"class":101},[50,107213,89],{"class":64},[50,107215,3016],{"class":101},[50,107217,89],{"class":64},[50,107219,2479],{"class":101},[50,107221,1770],{"class":64},[50,107223,107224,107226,107228,107230],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107225,119],{"class":118},[50,107227,122],{"class":64},[50,107229,2285],{"class":125},[50,107231,414],{"class":64},[20,107233,2091],{},[41,107235,107237],{"className":43,"code":107236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107238,107239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107240,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107242,9304],{"class":64},[50,107244,2076],{"class":101},[50,107246,89],{"class":64},[50,107248,2479],{"class":101},[50,107250,105],{"class":64},[219,107252,107254,10608,107256],{"id":107253},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107255,102613],{},[15,107257,107258],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107260,101150],{},[811,107262,107263],{"id":106465},[15,107264,102613],{},[233,107266,107267,107269],{},[236,107268,101159],{},[236,107270,101162],{},[41,107272,107274],{"className":43,"code":107273,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107275,107276,107296,107316,107320,107338,107342,107352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107277,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107279,2577],{"class":56},[50,107281,61],{"class":60},[50,107283,65],{"class":64},[50,107285,3011],{"class":101},[50,107287,89],{"class":64},[50,107289,3016],{"class":101},[50,107291,89],{"class":64},[50,107293,2473],{"class":101},[50,107295,105],{"class":64},[50,107297,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107299,2605],{"class":56},[50,107301,61],{"class":60},[50,107303,65],{"class":64},[50,107305,2076],{"class":101},[50,107307,89],{"class":64},[50,107309,2473],{"class":101},[50,107311,89],{"class":64},[50,107313,2479],{"class":101},[50,107315,105],{"class":64},[50,107317,107318],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107319,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107321,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107323,2250],{"class":56},[50,107325,61],{"class":60},[50,107327,56704],{"class":56},[50,107329,129],{"class":64},[50,107331,106465],{"class":125},[50,107333,122],{"class":64},[50,107335,4784],{"class":125},[50,107337,414],{"class":64},[50,107339,107340],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,107341,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107343,107344,107346,107348,107350],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,107345,119],{"class":118},[50,107347,122],{"class":64},[50,107349,380],{"class":125},[50,107351,414],{"class":64},[50,107353,107354,107356,107358,107360],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,107355,119],{"class":118},[50,107357,122],{"class":64},[50,107359,2285],{"class":125},[50,107361,414],{"class":64},[20,107363,2091],{},[41,107365,107367],{"className":43,"code":107366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107368,107369,107385],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107370,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107372,9304],{"class":64},[50,107374,3011],{"class":101},[50,107376,89],{"class":64},[50,107378,3016],{"class":101},[50,107380,89],{"class":64},[50,107382,2473],{"class":101},[50,107384,105],{"class":64},[50,107386,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107388,9304],{"class":64},[50,107390,2076],{"class":101},[50,107392,89],{"class":64},[50,107394,2473],{"class":101},[50,107396,105],{"class":64},[811,107398,107400],{"id":107399},"intersection_update",[15,107401,107258],{},[233,107403,107404,107406],{},[236,107405,101302],{},[236,107407,107408],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[41,107410,107412],{"className":43,"code":107411,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107413,107414,107434,107454,107458,107472,107476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107415,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107417,2577],{"class":56},[50,107419,61],{"class":60},[50,107421,65],{"class":64},[50,107423,3011],{"class":101},[50,107425,89],{"class":64},[50,107427,3016],{"class":101},[50,107429,89],{"class":64},[50,107431,2473],{"class":101},[50,107433,105],{"class":64},[50,107435,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107437,2605],{"class":56},[50,107439,61],{"class":60},[50,107441,65],{"class":64},[50,107443,2076],{"class":101},[50,107445,89],{"class":64},[50,107447,2473],{"class":101},[50,107449,89],{"class":64},[50,107451,2479],{"class":101},[50,107453,105],{"class":64},[50,107455,107456],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107457,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107459,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107461,380],{"class":56},[50,107463,129],{"class":64},[50,107465,107399],{"class":125},[50,107467,122],{"class":64},[50,107469,4784],{"class":125},[50,107471,414],{"class":64},[50,107473,107474],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,107475,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107477,107478,107480,107482,107484],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,107479,119],{"class":118},[50,107481,122],{"class":64},[50,107483,380],{"class":125},[50,107485,414],{"class":64},[20,107487,2091],{},[41,107489,107491],{"className":43,"code":107490,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107492,107493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107494,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107496,9304],{"class":64},[50,107498,2076],{"class":101},[50,107500,89],{"class":64},[50,107502,2473],{"class":101},[50,107504,105],{"class":64},[20,107506,107507,107508,107510],{},"Choose ",[15,107509,102613],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[219,107512,4543],{"id":4542},[20,107514,14738,107515,78],{},[15,107516,102613],{},[233,107518,107519,107522,107525,107528],{},[236,107520,107521],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[236,107523,107524],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[236,107526,107527],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[236,107529,107530,107531],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107532,102613],{},[20,107534,107535],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[233,107537,107538,107543,107546,107559],{},[236,107539,8444,107540,107542],{},[15,107541,102613],{}," when order matters",[236,107544,107545],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[236,107547,37012,107548,8733,107550,2901,107555],{},[15,107549,102613],{},[380,107551,107553],{"href":107552},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107554,102621],{},[380,107556,107557],{"href":102662},[15,107558,100236],{},[236,107560,107561],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107563,29937],{},[41,107565,107567],{"className":43,"code":107566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107568,107569,107579,107593,107611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107570,107571,107573,107575,107577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107572,119],{"class":118},[50,107574,122],{"class":64},[50,107576,15667],{"class":125},[50,107578,414],{"class":64},[50,107580,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107582,119],{"class":118},[50,107584,122],{"class":64},[50,107586,1780],{"class":1779},[50,107588,122],{"class":64},[50,107590,2285],{"class":125},[50,107592,1770],{"class":64},[50,107594,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107596,119],{"class":118},[50,107598,122],{"class":64},[50,107600,100407],{"class":125},[50,107602,129],{"class":64},[50,107604,106465],{"class":125},[50,107606,122],{"class":64},[50,107608,100416],{"class":125},[50,107610,1770],{"class":64},[50,107612,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107614,119],{"class":118},[50,107616,122],{"class":64},[50,107618,11181],{"class":118},[50,107620,122],{"class":64},[50,107622,2285],{"class":125},[50,107624,1770],{"class":64},[20,107626,253],{},[41,107628,107630],{"className":43,"code":107629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107631,107632,107656,107676,107680,107698,107702,107712,107722,107736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107633,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642,107644,107646,107648,107650,107652,107654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107635,3647],{"class":56},[50,107637,61],{"class":60},[50,107639,65],{"class":64},[50,107641,3011],{"class":101},[50,107643,89],{"class":64},[50,107645,3016],{"class":101},[50,107647,89],{"class":64},[50,107649,3016],{"class":101},[50,107651,89],{"class":64},[50,107653,2473],{"class":101},[50,107655,105],{"class":64},[50,107657,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672,107674],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107659,43361],{"class":56},[50,107661,61],{"class":60},[50,107663,65],{"class":64},[50,107665,2076],{"class":101},[50,107667,89],{"class":64},[50,107669,2473],{"class":101},[50,107671,89],{"class":64},[50,107673,2479],{"class":101},[50,107675,105],{"class":64},[50,107677,107678],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107679,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107681,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107683,2250],{"class":56},[50,107685,61],{"class":60},[50,107687,4287],{"class":56},[50,107689,129],{"class":64},[50,107691,106465],{"class":125},[50,107693,122],{"class":64},[50,107695,30545],{"class":125},[50,107697,414],{"class":64},[50,107699,107700],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,107701,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107703,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,107705,119],{"class":118},[50,107707,122],{"class":64},[50,107709,3678],{"class":125},[50,107711,414],{"class":64},[50,107713,107714,107716,107718,107720],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,107715,119],{"class":118},[50,107717,122],{"class":64},[50,107719,2285],{"class":125},[50,107721,414],{"class":64},[50,107723,107724,107726,107728,107730,107732,107734],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,107725,119],{"class":118},[50,107727,122],{"class":64},[50,107729,1780],{"class":1779},[50,107731,122],{"class":64},[50,107733,2285],{"class":125},[50,107735,1770],{"class":64},[50,107737,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,107739,119],{"class":118},[50,107741,122],{"class":64},[50,107743,11181],{"class":118},[50,107745,122],{"class":64},[50,107747,2285],{"class":125},[50,107749,1770],{"class":64},[20,107751,2091],{},[41,107753,107755],{"className":43,"code":107754,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107756,107757,107773,107785,107799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107758,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107760,9304],{"class":64},[50,107762,3011],{"class":101},[50,107764,89],{"class":64},[50,107766,3016],{"class":101},[50,107768,89],{"class":64},[50,107770,2473],{"class":101},[50,107772,105],{"class":64},[50,107774,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107776,9304],{"class":64},[50,107778,2076],{"class":101},[50,107780,89],{"class":64},[50,107782,2473],{"class":101},[50,107784,105],{"class":64},[50,107786,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107788,3315],{"class":60},[50,107790,3318],{"class":2085},[50,107792,3321],{"class":68},[50,107794,6311],{"class":72},[50,107796,1736],{"class":68},[50,107798,3328],{"class":60},[50,107800,107801],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107802,17055],{"class":101},[20,107804,107805,107806,107808],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107807,2076],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[219,107810,1857],{"id":1856},[811,107812,1861,107814,102561],{"id":107813},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107815,102613],{},[20,107817,102564],{},[811,107819,5192,107821,107823],{"id":107820},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107822,102613],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107825,107826],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[811,107828,107830],{"id":107829},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107832,107833],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[811,107835,107837],{"id":107836},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107839,107840],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[41,107842,107843],{"className":43,"code":97280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,107844,107845],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107846,107847,107849],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107848,6311],{"class":1779},[50,107850,8671],{"class":64},[219,107852,1909],{"id":1908},[233,107854,107855,107859,107866,107872],{},[236,107856,107857],{},[380,107858,96150],{"href":96149},[236,107860,107861],{},[380,107862,3603,107863,1845],{"href":107552},[15,107864,107865],{},"set.union()",[236,107867,107868],{},[380,107869,3603,107870,1845],{"href":102662},[15,107871,100241],{},[236,107873,107874],{},[380,107875,100166],{"href":105165},[1944,107877,107878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":107880},[107881,107883,107884,107885,107886,107888,107893,107894,107902],{"id":106494,"depth":108,"text":107882},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":107002,"depth":108,"text":107887},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107253,"depth":108,"text":107889,"children":107890},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107891,107892],{"id":106465,"depth":115,"text":102613},{"id":107399,"depth":115,"text":107258},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":107895},[107896,107898,107900,107901],{"id":107813,"depth":115,"text":107897},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107820,"depth":115,"text":107899},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107829,"depth":115,"text":107830},{"id":107836,"depth":115,"text":107837},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106387,"description":107903},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107910,"title":107911,"body":107912,"description":109148,"extension":1981,"meta":109149,"navigation":111,"path":109150,"seo":109151,"stem":109152,"__hash__":109153},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107913,"toc":109115},[107914,107919,107925,107934,107936,108011,108016,108031,108041,108046,108050,108063,108067,108069,108084,108086,108102,108104,108179,108183,108186,108188,108205,108210,108265,108270,108282,108286,108289,108390,108392,108433,108436,108440,108447,108449,108474,108477,108495,108502,108508,108511,108593,108600,108603,108683,108692,108695,108700,108704,108718,108767,108772,108776,108787,108836,108847,108852,108856,108868,108917,108928,108930,108934,108957,108959,109016,109018,109032,109034,109040,109046,109052,109061,109065,109072,109076,109084,109086,109112],[10,107915,96022,107917,18],{"id":107916},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107918,12773],{},[20,107920,107921,107924],{},[15,107922,107923],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107926,107927,107928,107930,107931,107933],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[997,107929,1262],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107932,12773],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[219,107935,2022],{"id":2021},[41,107937,107939],{"className":43,"code":107938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107940,107941,107973,107987,107991,108001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107942,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107944,7805],{"class":56},[50,107946,61],{"class":60},[50,107948,65],{"class":64},[50,107950,69],{"class":68},[50,107952,4102],{"class":72},[50,107954,69],{"class":68},[50,107956,89],{"class":64},[50,107958,81],{"class":68},[50,107960,4111],{"class":72},[50,107962,69],{"class":68},[50,107964,89],{"class":64},[50,107966,81],{"class":68},[50,107968,4120],{"class":72},[50,107970,69],{"class":68},[50,107972,105],{"class":64},[50,107974,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107976,69753],{"class":56},[50,107978,61],{"class":60},[50,107980,5990],{"class":56},[50,107982,129],{"class":64},[50,107984,26041],{"class":125},[50,107986,8671],{"class":64},[50,107988,107989],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107990,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107992,107993,107995,107997,107999],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,107994,119],{"class":118},[50,107996,122],{"class":64},[50,107998,69776],{"class":125},[50,108000,414],{"class":64},[50,108002,108003,108005,108007,108009],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,108004,119],{"class":118},[50,108006,122],{"class":64},[50,108008,7836],{"class":125},[50,108010,414],{"class":64},[20,108012,108013],{},[997,108014,108015],{},"What this does:",[233,108017,108018,108023,108028],{},[236,108019,108020,108021],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108022,7836],{},[236,108024,108025,108026],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108027,69776],{},[236,108029,108030],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108032,108033,88782,108035,108037,108038,108040],{},[997,108034,83640],{},[15,108036,107923],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[997,108039,1262],{}," chosen by index.",[219,108042,222,108044,225],{"id":108043},"what-setpop-does",[15,108045,107923],{},[20,108047,108048,78],{},[15,108049,107923],{},[233,108051,108052,108054,108057,108060],{},[236,108053,102864],{},[236,108055,108056],{},"Returns the removed item",[236,108058,108059],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[236,108061,108062],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108064,96146,108065,129],{},[380,108066,96150],{"href":97321},[219,108068,387],{"id":386},[41,108070,108072],{"className":43,"code":108071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108073,108074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108075,108076,108078,108080,108082],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108077,15667],{"class":56},[50,108079,129],{"class":64},[50,108081,26041],{"class":125},[50,108083,8671],{"class":64},[20,108085,13060],{},[233,108087,108088,108094,108099],{},[236,108089,108090,108091],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108092,108093],{},"my_set.pop()",[236,108095,108096,108097],{},"It takes ",[997,108098,28489],{},[236,108100,108101],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108103,253],{},[41,108105,108107],{"className":43,"code":108106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108108,108109,108141,108155,108159,108169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108110,108111,108113,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137,108139],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108112,13084],{"class":56},[50,108114,61],{"class":60},[50,108116,65],{"class":64},[50,108118,69],{"class":68},[50,108120,13101],{"class":72},[50,108122,69],{"class":68},[50,108124,89],{"class":64},[50,108126,81],{"class":68},[50,108128,13118],{"class":72},[50,108130,69],{"class":68},[50,108132,89],{"class":64},[50,108134,81],{"class":68},[50,108136,17448],{"class":72},[50,108138,69],{"class":68},[50,108140,105],{"class":64},[50,108142,108143,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108144,28339],{"class":56},[50,108146,61],{"class":60},[50,108148,13132],{"class":56},[50,108150,129],{"class":64},[50,108152,26041],{"class":125},[50,108154,8671],{"class":64},[50,108156,108157],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108158,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108160,108161,108163,108165,108167],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,108162,119],{"class":118},[50,108164,122],{"class":64},[50,108166,23109],{"class":125},[50,108168,414],{"class":64},[50,108170,108171,108173,108175,108177],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,108172,119],{"class":118},[50,108174,122],{"class":64},[50,108176,17495],{"class":125},[50,108178,414],{"class":64},[219,108180,108182],{"id":108181},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108184,108185],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108187,2128],{},[233,108189,108190,108196,108199],{},[236,108191,108192,108193,108195],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108194,12773],{}," removes",[236,108197,108198],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[236,108200,108201,108202,108204],{},"You should not use ",[15,108203,12773],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108206,10484,108207,108209],{},[997,108208,1262],{}," valid:",[41,108211,108213],{"className":43,"code":108212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108214,108215,108247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108216,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241,108243,108245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108218,36046],{"class":56},[50,108220,61],{"class":60},[50,108222,65],{"class":64},[50,108224,69],{"class":68},[50,108226,4102],{"class":72},[50,108228,69],{"class":68},[50,108230,89],{"class":64},[50,108232,81],{"class":68},[50,108234,4111],{"class":72},[50,108236,69],{"class":68},[50,108238,89],{"class":64},[50,108240,81],{"class":68},[50,108242,4120],{"class":72},[50,108244,69],{"class":68},[50,108246,105],{"class":64},[50,108248,108249,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108250,36098],{"class":56},[50,108252,129],{"class":64},[50,108254,26041],{"class":125},[50,108256,122],{"class":64},[50,108258,69],{"class":68},[50,108260,4102],{"class":72},[50,108262,69],{"class":68},[50,108264,414],{"class":64},[20,108266,39463,108267,108269],{},[15,108268,107923],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108271,108272,108273,2901,108277,129],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[380,108274,108275],{"href":98031},[15,108276,102690],{},[380,108278,108280],{"href":108279},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108281,102681],{},[219,108283,108285],{"id":108284},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108287,108288],{},"Here is a simple example:",[41,108290,108292],{"className":43,"code":108291,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108293,108294,108328,108332,108348,108352,108371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108295,108296,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108324,108326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108297,108298],{"class":56},"animals ",[50,108300,61],{"class":60},[50,108302,65],{"class":64},[50,108304,69],{"class":68},[50,108306,36855],{"class":72},[50,108308,69],{"class":68},[50,108310,89],{"class":64},[50,108312,81],{"class":68},[50,108314,57944],{"class":72},[50,108316,69],{"class":68},[50,108318,89],{"class":64},[50,108320,81],{"class":68},[50,108322,108323],{"class":72},"rabbit",[50,108325,69],{"class":68},[50,108327,105],{"class":64},[50,108329,108330],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108331,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108333,108334,108337,108339,108342,108344,108346],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108335,108336],{"class":56},"removed_animal ",[50,108338,61],{"class":60},[50,108340,108341],{"class":56}," animals",[50,108343,129],{"class":64},[50,108345,26041],{"class":125},[50,108347,8671],{"class":64},[50,108349,108350],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,108351,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108353,108354,108356,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108369],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,108355,119],{"class":118},[50,108357,122],{"class":64},[50,108359,69],{"class":68},[50,108361,28757],{"class":72},[50,108363,69],{"class":68},[50,108365,89],{"class":64},[50,108367,108368],{"class":125}," removed_animal",[50,108370,414],{"class":64},[50,108372,108373,108375,108377,108379,108382,108384,108386,108388],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,108374,119],{"class":118},[50,108376,122],{"class":64},[50,108378,69],{"class":68},[50,108380,108381],{"class":72},"Updated set:",[50,108383,69],{"class":68},[50,108385,89],{"class":64},[50,108387,108341],{"class":125},[50,108389,414],{"class":64},[20,108391,29831],{},[41,108393,108395],{"className":43,"code":108394,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108396,108397,108406],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108398,108399,108401,108403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108400,28799],{"class":56},[50,108402,78],{"class":64},[50,108404,108405],{"class":56}," dog\n",[50,108407,108408,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108409,108410],{"class":56},"Updated ",[50,108412,6311],{"class":1779},[50,108414,78],{"class":64},[50,108416,65],{"class":64},[50,108418,1736],{"class":68},[50,108420,36855],{"class":72},[50,108422,1736],{"class":68},[50,108424,89],{"class":64},[50,108426,3321],{"class":68},[50,108428,108323],{"class":72},[50,108430,1736],{"class":68},[50,108432,105],{"class":64},[20,108434,108435],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[219,108437,108439],{"id":108438},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108441,29451,108442,108444,108445,129],{},[15,108443,12773],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108446,31],{},[20,108448,253],{},[41,108450,108452],{"className":43,"code":108451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108453,108454,108464],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108455,108456,108458,108460,108462],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108457,7805],{"class":56},[50,108459,61],{"class":60},[50,108461,15634],{"class":1779},[50,108463,8671],{"class":64},[50,108465,108466,108468,108470,108472],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108467,7836],{"class":56},[50,108469,129],{"class":64},[50,108471,26041],{"class":125},[50,108473,8671],{"class":64},[20,108475,108476],{},"This raises:",[41,108478,108480],{"className":43,"code":108479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108481,108482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108483,108484,108486,108488,108490,108493],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108485,31],{"class":1779},[50,108487,78],{"class":64},[50,108489,3321],{"class":68},[50,108491,108492],{"class":72},"pop from an empty set",[50,108494,29501],{"class":68},[20,108496,108497,108498,108501],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[380,108499,108500],{"href":1013},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[811,108503,108505,108506],{"id":108504},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108507,12773],{},[20,108509,108510],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[41,108512,108514],{"className":43,"code":108513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108515,108516,108526,108530,108538,108553,108572,108578],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108517,108518,108520,108522,108524],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108519,7805],{"class":56},[50,108521,61],{"class":60},[50,108523,15634],{"class":1779},[50,108525,8671],{"class":64},[50,108527,108528],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108529,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108531,108532,108534,108536],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108533,7023],{"class":1622},[50,108535,5990],{"class":56},[50,108537,6417],{"class":64},[50,108539,108540,108543,108545,108547,108549,108551],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,108541,108542],{"class":56},"    removed ",[50,108544,61],{"class":60},[50,108546,5990],{"class":56},[50,108548,129],{"class":64},[50,108550,26041],{"class":125},[50,108552,8671],{"class":64},[50,108554,108555,108557,108559,108561,108563,108565,108567,108570],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,108556,8094],{"class":118},[50,108558,122],{"class":64},[50,108560,69],{"class":68},[50,108562,28757],{"class":72},[50,108564,69],{"class":68},[50,108566,89],{"class":64},[50,108568,108569],{"class":125}," removed",[50,108571,414],{"class":64},[50,108573,108574,108576],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,108575,27234],{"class":1622},[50,108577,6417],{"class":64},[50,108579,108580,108582,108584,108586,108589,108591],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,108581,8094],{"class":118},[50,108583,122],{"class":64},[50,108585,69],{"class":68},[50,108587,108588],{"class":72},"The set is empty.",[50,108590,69],{"class":68},[50,108592,414],{"class":64},[811,108594,212,108596,1846,108598],{"id":108595},"use-try-and-except",[15,108597,29605],{},[15,108599,29636],{},[20,108601,108602],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[41,108604,108606],{"className":43,"code":108605,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108607,108608,108618,108622,108628,108642,108660,108668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108609,108610,108612,108614,108616],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108611,7805],{"class":56},[50,108613,61],{"class":60},[50,108615,15634],{"class":1779},[50,108617,8671],{"class":64},[50,108619,108620],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108621,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108623,108624,108626],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108625,29605],{"class":1622},[50,108627,6417],{"class":64},[50,108629,108630,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,108631,108542],{"class":56},[50,108633,61],{"class":60},[50,108635,5990],{"class":56},[50,108637,129],{"class":64},[50,108639,26041],{"class":125},[50,108641,8671],{"class":64},[50,108643,108644,108646,108648,108650,108652,108654,108656,108658],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,108645,8094],{"class":118},[50,108647,122],{"class":64},[50,108649,69],{"class":68},[50,108651,28757],{"class":72},[50,108653,69],{"class":68},[50,108655,89],{"class":64},[50,108657,108569],{"class":125},[50,108659,414],{"class":64},[50,108661,108662,108664,108666],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,108663,29636],{"class":1622},[50,108665,29639],{"class":1779},[50,108667,6417],{"class":64},[50,108669,108670,108672,108674,108676,108679,108681],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,108671,8094],{"class":118},[50,108673,122],{"class":64},[50,108675,69],{"class":68},[50,108677,108678],{"class":72},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[50,108680,69],{"class":68},[50,108682,414],{"class":64},[219,108684,582,108686,10608,108688,10608,108690],{"id":108685},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108687,12773],{},[15,108689,55345],{},[15,108691,102676],{},[20,108693,108694],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[811,108696,212,108698],{"id":108697},"use-pop",[15,108699,12773],{},[20,108701,212,108702,589],{},[15,108703,12773],{},[233,108705,108706,108712,108715],{},[236,108707,108708,108709],{},"You want to remove ",[997,108710,108711],{},"any one item",[236,108713,108714],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[236,108716,108717],{},"You want the removed item returned",[41,108719,108721],{"className":43,"code":108720,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108722,108723,108743,108757],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108724,108725,108727,108729,108731,108733,108735,108737,108739,108741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108726,3647],{"class":56},[50,108728,61],{"class":60},[50,108730,65],{"class":64},[50,108732,3011],{"class":101},[50,108734,89],{"class":64},[50,108736,3016],{"class":101},[50,108738,89],{"class":64},[50,108740,2473],{"class":101},[50,108742,105],{"class":64},[50,108744,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108746,2468],{"class":56},[50,108748,61],{"class":60},[50,108750,4287],{"class":56},[50,108752,129],{"class":64},[50,108754,26041],{"class":125},[50,108756,8671],{"class":64},[50,108758,108759,108761,108763,108765],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108760,119],{"class":118},[50,108762,122],{"class":64},[50,108764,2495],{"class":125},[50,108766,414],{"class":64},[811,108768,212,108770],{"id":108769},"use-remove",[15,108771,55345],{},[20,108773,212,108774,589],{},[15,108775,55345],{},[233,108777,108778,108784],{},[236,108779,108780,108781],{},"You want to delete a ",[997,108782,108783],{},"specific item",[236,108785,108786],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[41,108788,108790],{"className":43,"code":108789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108791,108792,108812,108826],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108793,108794,108796,108798,108800,108802,108804,108806,108808,108810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108795,3647],{"class":56},[50,108797,61],{"class":60},[50,108799,65],{"class":64},[50,108801,3011],{"class":101},[50,108803,89],{"class":64},[50,108805,3016],{"class":101},[50,108807,89],{"class":64},[50,108809,2473],{"class":101},[50,108811,105],{"class":64},[50,108813,108814,108816,108818,108820,108822,108824],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108815,3678],{"class":56},[50,108817,129],{"class":64},[50,108819,34599],{"class":125},[50,108821,122],{"class":64},[50,108823,2076],{"class":101},[50,108825,414],{"class":64},[50,108827,108828,108830,108832,108834],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108829,119],{"class":118},[50,108831,122],{"class":64},[50,108833,3678],{"class":125},[50,108835,414],{"class":64},[20,108837,108838,108839,108841,108842,108846],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108840,55345],{}," raises an error. See the ",[380,108843,108844,1845],{"href":98031},[15,108845,102690],{}," for details.",[811,108848,212,108850],{"id":108849},"use-discard",[15,108851,102676],{},[20,108853,212,108854,589],{},[15,108855,102676],{},[233,108857,108858,108862],{},[236,108859,108780,108860],{},[997,108861,108783],{},[236,108863,108864,108865,108867],{},"You do ",[997,108866,1262],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[41,108869,108871],{"className":43,"code":108870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108872,108873,108893,108907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108874,108875,108877,108879,108881,108883,108885,108887,108889,108891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108876,3647],{"class":56},[50,108878,61],{"class":60},[50,108880,65],{"class":64},[50,108882,3011],{"class":101},[50,108884,89],{"class":64},[50,108886,3016],{"class":101},[50,108888,89],{"class":64},[50,108890,2473],{"class":101},[50,108892,105],{"class":64},[50,108894,108895,108897,108899,108901,108903,108905],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108896,3678],{"class":56},[50,108898,129],{"class":64},[50,108900,102743],{"class":125},[50,108902,122],{"class":64},[50,108904,2157],{"class":101},[50,108906,414],{"class":64},[50,108908,108909,108911,108913,108915],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108910,119],{"class":118},[50,108912,122],{"class":64},[50,108914,3678],{"class":125},[50,108916,414],{"class":64},[20,108918,108919,108920,108922,108923,108927],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108921,2157],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[380,108924,108925,1845],{"href":108279},[15,108926,102681],{}," for more examples.",[219,108929,1663],{"id":1662},[20,108931,71299,108932,78],{},[15,108933,107923],{},[233,108935,108936,108942,108947,108952],{},[236,108937,108938,108939],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108940,108941],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[236,108943,8480,108944,108946],{},[15,108945,12773],{}," to remove the first or last item",[236,108948,29451,108949,108951],{},[15,108950,12773],{}," on an empty set",[236,108953,8444,108954,108956],{},[15,108955,12773],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108958,62113],{},[41,108960,108962],{"className":43,"code":108961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108963,108964,108974,108988,109002],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108965,108966,108968,108970,108972],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108967,119],{"class":118},[50,108969,122],{"class":64},[50,108971,15667],{"class":125},[50,108973,414],{"class":64},[50,108975,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108977,119],{"class":118},[50,108979,122],{"class":64},[50,108981,11181],{"class":118},[50,108983,122],{"class":64},[50,108985,15667],{"class":125},[50,108987,1770],{"class":64},[50,108989,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108991,119],{"class":118},[50,108993,122],{"class":64},[50,108995,1780],{"class":1779},[50,108997,122],{"class":64},[50,108999,15667],{"class":125},[50,109001,1770],{"class":64},[50,109003,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,109005,28339],{"class":56},[50,109007,61],{"class":60},[50,109009,96746],{"class":56},[50,109011,129],{"class":64},[50,109013,26041],{"class":125},[50,109015,8671],{"class":64},[20,109017,25808],{},[233,109019,109020,109023,109026,109029],{},[236,109021,109022],{},"What values are in the set",[236,109024,109025],{},"Whether the set is empty",[236,109027,109028],{},"That the object is really a set",[236,109030,109031],{},"What value was actually removed",[219,109033,1857],{"id":1856},[811,109035,1861,109037,109039],{"id":109036},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109038,107923],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109041,109042,109043,109045],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109044,12773],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[811,109047,109049,109050,1867],{"id":109048},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109051,107923],{},[20,109053,109054,109055,109057,109058,109060],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109056,12773],{},", set ",[15,109059,12773],{}," does not accept an index.",[811,109062,109064],{"id":109063},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109066,71468,109067,44442,109069,109071],{},[15,109068,31],{},[15,109070,12773],{}," is called on an empty set.",[811,109073,109075],{"id":109074},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109077,212,109078,2901,109080,11111,109082,129],{},[15,109079,55345],{},[15,109081,102676],{},[15,109083,12773],{},[219,109085,1909],{"id":1908},[233,109087,109088,109092,109098,109104,109108],{},[236,109089,109090],{},[380,109091,96150],{"href":97321},[236,109093,109094],{},[380,109095,96636,109096,1845],{"href":98031},[15,109097,55345],{},[236,109099,109100],{},[380,109101,96636,109102,1845],{"href":108279},[15,109103,102676],{},[236,109105,109106],{},[380,109107,1014],{"href":1013},[236,109109,109110],{},[380,109111,55331],{"href":54883},[1944,109113,109114],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":109116},[109117,109118,109120,109121,109122,109123,109129,109138,109139,109147],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":108043,"depth":108,"text":109119},"What set.pop() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":108181,"depth":108,"text":108182},{"id":108284,"depth":108,"text":108285},{"id":108438,"depth":108,"text":108439,"children":109124},[109125,109127],{"id":108504,"depth":115,"text":109126},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108595,"depth":115,"text":109128},"Use try and except",{"id":108685,"depth":108,"text":109130,"children":109131},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109132,109134,109136],{"id":108697,"depth":115,"text":109133},"Use pop()",{"id":108769,"depth":115,"text":109135},"Use remove()",{"id":108849,"depth":115,"text":109137},"Use discard()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":109140},[109141,109143,109145,109146],{"id":109036,"depth":115,"text":109142},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109048,"depth":115,"text":109144},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109063,"depth":115,"text":109064},{"id":109074,"depth":115,"text":109075},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107911,"description":109148},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109155,"title":109156,"body":109157,"description":110311,"extension":1981,"meta":110312,"navigation":111,"path":110313,"seo":110314,"stem":110315,"__hash__":110316},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109158,"toc":110279},[109159,109164,109169,109178,109180,109245,109249,109273,109280,109285,109289,109304,109307,109309,109328,109342,109345,109393,109397,109413,109415,109488,109492,109517,109523,109531,109535,109542,109597,109602,109619,109625,109631,109636,109644,109651,109655,109663,109718,109720,109737,109741,109748,109813,109817,109850,109852,109864,109871,109873,109878,109885,109887,109956,109960,109968,109970,110034,110038,110043,110090,110095,110163,110171,110178,110181,110187,110192,110196,110198,110201,110203,110208,110213,110219,110224,110231,110239,110245,110248,110250,110276],[10,109160,96022,109162,18],{"id":109161},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109163,55345],{},[20,109165,109166,109168],{},[15,109167,102690],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109170,109171,109172,109175,109176,129],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[997,109173,109174],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109177,31],{},[219,109179,2022],{"id":2021},[41,109181,109183],{"className":43,"code":109182,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109184,109185,109217,109235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109186,109187,109189,109191,109193,109195,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205,109207,109209,109211,109213,109215],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109188,13084],{"class":56},[50,109190,61],{"class":60},[50,109192,65],{"class":64},[50,109194,69],{"class":68},[50,109196,13101],{"class":72},[50,109198,69],{"class":68},[50,109200,89],{"class":64},[50,109202,81],{"class":68},[50,109204,13118],{"class":72},[50,109206,69],{"class":68},[50,109208,89],{"class":64},[50,109210,81],{"class":68},[50,109212,17448],{"class":72},[50,109214,69],{"class":68},[50,109216,105],{"class":64},[50,109218,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109220,17495],{"class":56},[50,109222,129],{"class":64},[50,109224,34599],{"class":125},[50,109226,122],{"class":64},[50,109228,69],{"class":68},[50,109230,13118],{"class":72},[50,109232,69],{"class":68},[50,109234,414],{"class":64},[50,109236,109237,109239,109241,109243],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,109238,119],{"class":118},[50,109240,122],{"class":64},[50,109242,17495],{"class":125},[50,109244,414],{"class":64},[20,109246,109247],{},[997,109248,29831],{},[41,109250,109251],{"className":43,"code":103370,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109252,109253],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109254,109255,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109256,9304],{"class":64},[50,109258,1736],{"class":68},[50,109260,13101],{"class":72},[50,109262,1736],{"class":68},[50,109264,89],{"class":64},[50,109266,3321],{"class":68},[50,109268,17448],{"class":72},[50,109270,1736],{"class":68},[50,109272,105],{"class":64},[20,109274,212,109275,109277,109278,129],{},[15,109276,55345],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109279,31],{},[219,109281,222,109283,225],{"id":109282},"what-setremove-does",[15,109284,102690],{},[20,109286,109287,78],{},[15,109288,102690],{},[233,109290,109291,109294,109296,109298],{},[236,109292,109293],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[236,109295,96137],{},[236,109297,96140],{},[236,109299,109300,109301,109303],{},"Raises ",[15,109302,31],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109305,109306],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[219,109308,387],{"id":386},[41,109310,109312],{"className":43,"code":109311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109313,109314],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109315,109316,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109317,15667],{"class":56},[50,109319,129],{"class":64},[50,109321,34599],{"class":125},[50,109323,122],{"class":64},[50,109325,2495],{"class":125},[50,109327,414],{"class":64},[233,109329,109330,109334,109339],{},[236,109331,109332,102912],{},[15,109333,15667],{},[236,109335,109336,109338],{},[15,109337,2495],{}," is the item to remove",[236,109340,109341],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109343,109344],{},"Here is a small example:",[41,109346,109347],{"className":43,"code":108789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109348,109349,109369,109383],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109350,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109352,3647],{"class":56},[50,109354,61],{"class":60},[50,109356,65],{"class":64},[50,109358,3011],{"class":101},[50,109360,89],{"class":64},[50,109362,3016],{"class":101},[50,109364,89],{"class":64},[50,109366,2473],{"class":101},[50,109368,105],{"class":64},[50,109370,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109372,3678],{"class":56},[50,109374,129],{"class":64},[50,109376,34599],{"class":125},[50,109378,122],{"class":64},[50,109380,2076],{"class":101},[50,109382,414],{"class":64},[50,109384,109385,109387,109389,109391],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,109386,119],{"class":118},[50,109388,122],{"class":64},[50,109390,3678],{"class":125},[50,109392,414],{"class":64},[20,109394,109395],{},[997,109396,29831],{},[41,109398,109399],{"className":43,"code":101120,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109400,109401],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109402,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109404,9304],{"class":64},[50,109406,3011],{"class":101},[50,109408,89],{"class":64},[50,109410,2473],{"class":101},[50,109412,105],{"class":64},[219,109414,11490],{"id":11489},[41,109416,109418],{"className":43,"code":109417,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109419,109420,109452,109456,109474,109478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109421,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434,109436,109438,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109423,36046],{"class":56},[50,109425,61],{"class":60},[50,109427,65],{"class":64},[50,109429,69],{"class":68},[50,109431,4102],{"class":72},[50,109433,69],{"class":68},[50,109435,89],{"class":64},[50,109437,81],{"class":68},[50,109439,4111],{"class":72},[50,109441,69],{"class":68},[50,109443,89],{"class":64},[50,109445,81],{"class":68},[50,109447,33024],{"class":72},[50,109449,69],{"class":68},[50,109451,105],{"class":64},[50,109453,109454],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109455,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,109457,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470,109472],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,109459,36098],{"class":56},[50,109461,129],{"class":64},[50,109463,34599],{"class":125},[50,109465,122],{"class":64},[50,109467,69],{"class":68},[50,109469,4111],{"class":72},[50,109471,69],{"class":68},[50,109473,414],{"class":64},[50,109475,109476],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,109477,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,109479,109480,109482,109484,109486],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,109481,119],{"class":118},[50,109483,122],{"class":64},[50,109485,36098],{"class":125},[50,109487,414],{"class":64},[20,109489,109490],{},[997,109491,29831],{},[41,109493,109495],{"className":43,"code":109494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109496,109497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109498,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511,109513,109515],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109500,9304],{"class":64},[50,109502,1736],{"class":68},[50,109504,4102],{"class":72},[50,109506,1736],{"class":68},[50,109508,89],{"class":64},[50,109510,3321],{"class":68},[50,109512,33024],{"class":72},[50,109514,1736],{"class":68},[50,109516,105],{"class":64},[20,109518,109519,109520,109522],{},"This removes ",[15,109521,65093],{}," from the set.",[20,109524,109525,109526,109528,109529,129],{},"A set does ",[997,109527,1262],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[380,109530,96154],{"href":97705},[219,109532,109534],{"id":109533},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109536,109537,109538,52310,109540,129],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109539,55345],{},[15,109541,31],{},[41,109543,109545],{"className":43,"code":109544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109546,109547,109579],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109548,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109550,13084],{"class":56},[50,109552,61],{"class":60},[50,109554,65],{"class":64},[50,109556,69],{"class":68},[50,109558,13101],{"class":72},[50,109560,69],{"class":68},[50,109562,89],{"class":64},[50,109564,81],{"class":68},[50,109566,13118],{"class":72},[50,109568,69],{"class":68},[50,109570,89],{"class":64},[50,109572,81],{"class":68},[50,109574,17448],{"class":72},[50,109576,69],{"class":68},[50,109578,105],{"class":64},[50,109580,109581,109583,109585,109587,109589,109591,109593,109595],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109582,17495],{"class":56},[50,109584,129],{"class":64},[50,109586,34599],{"class":125},[50,109588,122],{"class":64},[50,109590,69],{"class":68},[50,109592,22322],{"class":72},[50,109594,69],{"class":68},[50,109596,414],{"class":64},[20,109598,109599],{},[997,109600,109601],{},"Result:",[41,109603,109605],{"className":43,"code":109604,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109606,109607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109608,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109610,31],{"class":1779},[50,109612,78],{"class":64},[50,109614,3321],{"class":68},[50,109616,22322],{"class":72},[50,109618,29501],{"class":68},[20,109620,21987,109621,109624],{},[15,109622,109623],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109626,109627,109628,109630],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109629,55345],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109632,109633,109634,129],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[380,109635,1014],{"href":1013},[219,109637,4222,109639,109641,109642],{"id":109638},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109640,55345],{}," is different from ",[15,109643,102676],{},[20,109645,109646,1846,109648,109650],{},[15,109647,55345],{},[15,109649,102676],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[811,109652,109653],{"id":34599},[15,109654,55345],{},[233,109656,109657,109660],{},[236,109658,109659],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[236,109661,109662],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[41,109664,109666],{"className":43,"code":109665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109667,109668,109700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109669,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109671,35897],{"class":56},[50,109673,61],{"class":60},[50,109675,65],{"class":64},[50,109677,69],{"class":68},[50,109679,380],{"class":72},[50,109681,69],{"class":68},[50,109683,89],{"class":64},[50,109685,81],{"class":68},[50,109687,4784],{"class":72},[50,109689,69],{"class":68},[50,109691,89],{"class":64},[50,109693,81],{"class":68},[50,109695,9763],{"class":72},[50,109697,69],{"class":68},[50,109699,105],{"class":64},[50,109701,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109703,35950],{"class":56},[50,109705,129],{"class":64},[50,109707,34599],{"class":125},[50,109709,122],{"class":64},[50,109711,69],{"class":68},[50,109713,18757],{"class":72},[50,109715,69],{"class":68},[50,109717,414],{"class":64},[20,109719,108476],{},[41,109721,109723],{"className":43,"code":109722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109724,109725],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109726,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109728,31],{"class":1779},[50,109730,78],{"class":64},[50,109732,3321],{"class":68},[50,109734,18757],{"class":72},[50,109736,29501],{"class":68},[811,109738,109739],{"id":102743},[15,109740,102676],{},[233,109742,109743,109745],{},[236,109744,109659],{},[236,109746,109747],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[41,109749,109751],{"className":43,"code":109750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109752,109753,109785,109803],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109754,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109756,35897],{"class":56},[50,109758,61],{"class":60},[50,109760,65],{"class":64},[50,109762,69],{"class":68},[50,109764,380],{"class":72},[50,109766,69],{"class":68},[50,109768,89],{"class":64},[50,109770,81],{"class":68},[50,109772,4784],{"class":72},[50,109774,69],{"class":68},[50,109776,89],{"class":64},[50,109778,81],{"class":68},[50,109780,9763],{"class":72},[50,109782,69],{"class":68},[50,109784,105],{"class":64},[50,109786,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797,109799,109801],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109788,35950],{"class":56},[50,109790,129],{"class":64},[50,109792,102743],{"class":125},[50,109794,122],{"class":64},[50,109796,69],{"class":68},[50,109798,18757],{"class":72},[50,109800,69],{"class":68},[50,109802,414],{"class":64},[50,109804,109805,109807,109809,109811],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,109806,119],{"class":118},[50,109808,122],{"class":64},[50,109810,35950],{"class":125},[50,109812,414],{"class":64},[20,109814,109815],{},[997,109816,2091],{},[41,109818,109820],{"className":43,"code":109819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109821,109822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109823,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109825,9304],{"class":64},[50,109827,1736],{"class":68},[50,109829,380],{"class":72},[50,109831,1736],{"class":68},[50,109833,89],{"class":64},[50,109835,3321],{"class":68},[50,109837,4784],{"class":72},[50,109839,1736],{"class":68},[50,109841,89],{"class":64},[50,109843,3321],{"class":68},[50,109845,9763],{"class":72},[50,109847,1736],{"class":68},[50,109849,105],{"class":64},[20,109851,990],{},[233,109853,109854,109859],{},[236,109855,109856,109858],{},[15,109857,55345],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[236,109860,109861,109863],{},[15,109862,102676],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109865,109866,109867,129],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[380,109868,96636,109869,1845],{"href":108279},[15,109870,102676],{},[219,109872,4543],{"id":4542},[811,109874,8480,109876,97016],{"id":109875},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109877,55345],{},[20,109879,109880,109882,109883,129],{},[15,109881,55345],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109884,38],{},[20,109886,16643],{},[41,109888,109890],{"className":43,"code":109889,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109891,109892,109924,109946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109893,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109895,13084],{"class":56},[50,109897,61],{"class":60},[50,109899,65],{"class":64},[50,109901,69],{"class":68},[50,109903,13101],{"class":72},[50,109905,69],{"class":68},[50,109907,89],{"class":64},[50,109909,81],{"class":68},[50,109911,13118],{"class":72},[50,109913,69],{"class":68},[50,109915,89],{"class":64},[50,109917,81],{"class":68},[50,109919,17448],{"class":72},[50,109921,69],{"class":68},[50,109923,105],{"class":64},[50,109925,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109927,13127],{"class":56},[50,109929,61],{"class":60},[50,109931,13132],{"class":56},[50,109933,129],{"class":64},[50,109935,34599],{"class":125},[50,109937,122],{"class":64},[50,109939,69],{"class":68},[50,109941,13118],{"class":72},[50,109943,69],{"class":68},[50,109945,414],{"class":64},[50,109947,109948,109950,109952,109954],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,109949,119],{"class":118},[50,109951,122],{"class":64},[50,109953,13151],{"class":125},[50,109955,414],{"class":64},[20,109957,109958],{},[997,109959,2091],{},[41,109961,109962],{"className":43,"code":11821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109963,109964],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109965,109966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109967,11821],{"class":1494},[20,109969,16655],{},[41,109971,109972],{"className":43,"code":109182,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109973,109974,110006,110024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109975,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109977,13084],{"class":56},[50,109979,61],{"class":60},[50,109981,65],{"class":64},[50,109983,69],{"class":68},[50,109985,13101],{"class":72},[50,109987,69],{"class":68},[50,109989,89],{"class":64},[50,109991,81],{"class":68},[50,109993,13118],{"class":72},[50,109995,69],{"class":68},[50,109997,89],{"class":64},[50,109999,81],{"class":68},[50,110001,17448],{"class":72},[50,110003,69],{"class":68},[50,110005,105],{"class":64},[50,110007,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110009,17495],{"class":56},[50,110011,129],{"class":64},[50,110013,34599],{"class":125},[50,110015,122],{"class":64},[50,110017,69],{"class":68},[50,110019,13118],{"class":72},[50,110021,69],{"class":68},[50,110023,414],{"class":64},[50,110025,110026,110028,110030,110032],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110027,119],{"class":118},[50,110029,122],{"class":64},[50,110031,17495],{"class":125},[50,110033,414],{"class":64},[811,110035,110037],{"id":110036},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110039,110040,110041,129],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110042,31],{},[41,110044,110046],{"className":43,"code":110045,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110047,110048,110072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110049,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058,110060,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110051,13084],{"class":56},[50,110053,61],{"class":60},[50,110055,65],{"class":64},[50,110057,69],{"class":68},[50,110059,13101],{"class":72},[50,110061,69],{"class":68},[50,110063,89],{"class":64},[50,110065,81],{"class":68},[50,110067,13118],{"class":72},[50,110069,69],{"class":68},[50,110071,105],{"class":64},[50,110073,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110075,17495],{"class":56},[50,110077,129],{"class":64},[50,110079,34599],{"class":125},[50,110081,122],{"class":64},[50,110083,69],{"class":68},[50,110085,17448],{"class":72},[50,110087,69],{"class":68},[50,110089,414],{"class":64},[20,110091,110092,110093,78],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110094,1562],{},[41,110096,110098],{"className":43,"code":110097,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110099,110100,110124,110128,110144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110101,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110103,13084],{"class":56},[50,110105,61],{"class":60},[50,110107,65],{"class":64},[50,110109,69],{"class":68},[50,110111,13101],{"class":72},[50,110113,69],{"class":68},[50,110115,89],{"class":64},[50,110117,81],{"class":68},[50,110119,13118],{"class":72},[50,110121,69],{"class":68},[50,110123,105],{"class":64},[50,110125,110126],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110127,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110129,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110131,7023],{"class":1622},[50,110133,81],{"class":68},[50,110135,17448],{"class":72},[50,110137,69],{"class":68},[50,110139,1623],{"class":60},[50,110141,13132],{"class":56},[50,110143,6417],{"class":64},[50,110145,110146,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,110147,110148],{"class":56},"    colors",[50,110150,129],{"class":64},[50,110152,34599],{"class":125},[50,110154,122],{"class":64},[50,110156,69],{"class":68},[50,110158,17448],{"class":72},[50,110160,69],{"class":68},[50,110162,414],{"class":64},[20,110164,110165,110166,110170],{},"Or use ",[380,110167,110168],{"href":108279},[15,110169,102676],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[811,110172,37012,110174,8733,110176],{"id":110173},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110175,102690],{},[15,110177,54891],{},[20,110179,110180],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110182,110183,110184,110186],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110185,102690],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110188,110189,110190,129],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[380,110191,98900],{"href":98899},[811,110193,110195],{"id":110194},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110197,108185],{},[20,110199,110200],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[219,110202,1857],{"id":1856},[811,110204,1861,110206,97115],{"id":110205},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110207,102690],{},[20,110209,110210,110211,129],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110212,38],{},[811,110214,30089,110216,110218],{"id":110215},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110217,102690],{}," raise?",[20,110220,30095,110221,110223],{},[15,110222,31],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[811,110225,1897,110227,2901,110229,1867],{"id":110226},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110228,55345],{},[15,110230,102676],{},[20,110232,212,110233,110235,110236,110238],{},[15,110234,55345],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110237,102676],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[811,110240,5192,110242,110244],{"id":110241},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110243,102690],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110246,110247],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[219,110249,1909],{"id":1908},[233,110251,110252,110258,110264,110268,110272],{},[236,110253,110254],{},[380,110255,96636,110256,1845],{"href":108279},[15,110257,102676],{},[236,110259,110260],{},[380,110261,96636,110262,1845],{"href":98036},[15,110263,12773],{},[236,110265,110266],{},[380,110267,97160],{"href":97705},[236,110269,110270],{},[380,110271,100166],{"href":98899},[236,110273,110274],{},[380,110275,1014],{"href":1013},[1944,110277,110278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":110280},[110281,110282,110284,110285,110286,110287,110292,110300,110310],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":109282,"depth":108,"text":110283},"What set.remove() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":109533,"depth":108,"text":109534},{"id":109638,"depth":108,"text":110288,"children":110289},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110290,110291],{"id":34599,"depth":115,"text":55345},{"id":102743,"depth":115,"text":102676},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":110293},[110294,110296,110297,110299],{"id":109875,"depth":115,"text":110295},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110036,"depth":115,"text":110037},{"id":110173,"depth":115,"text":110298},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110194,"depth":115,"text":110195},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":110301},[110302,110304,110306,110308],{"id":110205,"depth":115,"text":110303},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110215,"depth":115,"text":110305},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110226,"depth":115,"text":110307},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110241,"depth":115,"text":110309},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109156,"description":110311},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110318,"title":110319,"body":110320,"description":111693,"extension":1981,"meta":111694,"navigation":111,"path":111695,"seo":111696,"stem":111697,"__hash__":111698},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110321,"toc":111668},[110322,110328,110334,110337,110340,110354,110356,110437,110440,110445,110449,110463,110470,110472,110491,110494,110512,110514,110594,110596,110621,110625,110628,110636,110641,110646,110648,110661,110666,110669,110693,110696,110704,110706,110709,110806,110808,110841,110843,110869,110876,110879,110883,110891,110895,110903,110905,110995,110997,111011,111018,111023,111028,111030,111121,111123,111135,111137,111151,111157,111165,111167,111249,111251,111296,111299,111307,111310,111312,111316,111359,111361,111381,111386,111388,111473,111475,111480,111482,111489,111497,111503,111506,111508,111594,111596,111620,111624,111627,111629,111656,111666],[10,110323,96022,110325,18],{"id":110324},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110326,110327],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110329,110330,110333],{},[15,110331,110332],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110335,110336],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110338,110339],{},"Use it when:",[233,110341,110342,110345,110351],{},[236,110343,110344],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[236,110346,110347,110348,110350],{},"you do ",[997,110349,1262],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[236,110352,110353],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[219,110355,3637],{"id":3636},[41,110357,110359],{"className":43,"code":110358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110360,110361,110381,110401,110405,110424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110362,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377,110379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110364,2577],{"class":56},[50,110366,61],{"class":60},[50,110368,65],{"class":64},[50,110370,3011],{"class":101},[50,110372,89],{"class":64},[50,110374,3016],{"class":101},[50,110376,89],{"class":64},[50,110378,2473],{"class":101},[50,110380,105],{"class":64},[50,110382,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110384,2605],{"class":56},[50,110386,61],{"class":60},[50,110388,65],{"class":64},[50,110390,2082],{"class":101},[50,110392,89],{"class":64},[50,110394,2479],{"class":101},[50,110396,89],{"class":64},[50,110398,4629],{"class":101},[50,110400,105],{"class":64},[50,110402,110403],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110404,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110406,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110418,110420,110422],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,110408,2250],{"class":56},[50,110410,61],{"class":60},[50,110412,56704],{"class":56},[50,110414,129],{"class":64},[50,110416,110417],{"class":125},"symmetric_difference",[50,110419,122],{"class":64},[50,110421,4784],{"class":125},[50,110423,414],{"class":64},[50,110425,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,110427,119],{"class":118},[50,110429,122],{"class":64},[50,110431,2285],{"class":125},[50,110433,1206],{"class":64},[50,110435,110436],{"class":146},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110438,110439],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[219,110441,222,110443,225],{"id":110442},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110444,110327],{},[20,110446,110447,78],{},[15,110448,110332],{},[233,110450,110451,110454,110457,110460],{},[236,110452,110453],{},"returns a new set",[236,110455,110456],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[236,110458,110459],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[236,110461,110462],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110464,96146,110465,2901,110467,129],{},[380,110466,96150],{"href":96149},[380,110468,110469],{"href":96153},"creating a set in Python",[219,110471,387],{"id":386},[41,110473,110475],{"className":43,"code":110474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110476,110477],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110478,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110480,100407],{"class":56},[50,110482,129],{"class":64},[50,110484,110417],{"class":125},[50,110486,122],{"class":64},[50,110488,100416],{"class":125},[50,110490,414],{"class":64},[20,110492,110493],{},"Notes:",[233,110495,110496,110501,110506,110509],{},[236,110497,110498,110500],{},[15,110499,100407],{}," must be a set",[236,110502,110503,110505],{},[15,110504,100416],{}," can be any iterable",[236,110507,110508],{},"the result is always a set",[236,110510,110511],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110513,253],{},[41,110515,110517],{"className":43,"code":110516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110518,110519,110540,110561,110565,110584],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110520,110521,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110522,110523],{"class":56},"set1 ",[50,110525,61],{"class":60},[50,110527,65],{"class":64},[50,110529,3011],{"class":101},[50,110531,89],{"class":64},[50,110533,3016],{"class":101},[50,110535,89],{"class":64},[50,110537,2473],{"class":101},[50,110539,105],{"class":64},[50,110541,110542,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557,110559],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110543,110544],{"class":56},"set2 ",[50,110546,61],{"class":60},[50,110548,65],{"class":64},[50,110550,2082],{"class":101},[50,110552,89],{"class":64},[50,110554,2479],{"class":101},[50,110556,89],{"class":64},[50,110558,4629],{"class":101},[50,110560,105],{"class":64},[50,110562,110563],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110564,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110566,110567,110569,110571,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,110568,2250],{"class":56},[50,110570,61],{"class":60},[50,110572,110573],{"class":56}," set1",[50,110575,129],{"class":64},[50,110577,110417],{"class":125},[50,110579,122],{"class":64},[50,110581,100416],{"class":125},[50,110583,414],{"class":64},[50,110585,110586,110588,110590,110592],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,110587,119],{"class":118},[50,110589,122],{"class":64},[50,110591,2285],{"class":125},[50,110593,414],{"class":64},[20,110595,2091],{},[41,110597,110599],{"className":43,"code":110598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110600,110601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110602,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110604,9304],{"class":64},[50,110606,3011],{"class":101},[50,110608,89],{"class":64},[50,110610,3016],{"class":101},[50,110612,89],{"class":64},[50,110614,2479],{"class":101},[50,110616,89],{"class":64},[50,110618,4629],{"class":101},[50,110620,105],{"class":64},[219,110622,110624],{"id":110623},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110626,110627],{},"The result includes:",[233,110629,110630,110633],{},[236,110631,110632],{},"items only in the first set",[236,110634,110635],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110637,110638,110639,11102],{},"The result does ",[997,110640,1262],{},[233,110642,110643],{},[236,110644,110645],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110647,5495],{},[233,110649,110650,110655],{},[236,110651,110652,110653],{},"first set: ",[15,110654,100104],{},[236,110656,110657,110658],{},"second set: ",[15,110659,110660],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110662,4072,110663,110665],{},[15,110664,2082],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110667,110668],{},"The output is:",[41,110670,110671],{"className":43,"code":110598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110672,110673],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110674,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110676,9304],{"class":64},[50,110678,3011],{"class":101},[50,110680,89],{"class":64},[50,110682,3016],{"class":101},[50,110684,89],{"class":64},[50,110686,2479],{"class":101},[50,110688,89],{"class":64},[50,110690,4629],{"class":101},[50,110692,105],{"class":64},[20,110694,110695],{},"Also remember:",[233,110697,110698,110701],{},[236,110699,110700],{},"sets are unordered",[236,110702,110703],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[219,110705,11490],{"id":11489},[20,110707,110708],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[41,110710,110712],{"className":43,"code":110711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110713,110714,110746,110770,110774,110792,110796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110715,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736,110738,110740,110742,110744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110717,106847],{"class":56},[50,110719,61],{"class":60},[50,110721,65],{"class":64},[50,110723,69],{"class":68},[50,110725,13101],{"class":72},[50,110727,69],{"class":68},[50,110729,89],{"class":64},[50,110731,81],{"class":68},[50,110733,13118],{"class":72},[50,110735,69],{"class":68},[50,110737,89],{"class":64},[50,110739,81],{"class":68},[50,110741,17448],{"class":72},[50,110743,69],{"class":68},[50,110745,105],{"class":64},[50,110747,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110749,106880],{"class":56},[50,110751,61],{"class":60},[50,110753,65],{"class":64},[50,110755,69],{"class":68},[50,110757,17448],{"class":72},[50,110759,69],{"class":68},[50,110761,89],{"class":64},[50,110763,81],{"class":68},[50,110765,22322],{"class":72},[50,110767,69],{"class":68},[50,110769,105],{"class":64},[50,110771,110772],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110773,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110775,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,110777,2250],{"class":56},[50,110779,61],{"class":60},[50,110781,106922],{"class":56},[50,110783,129],{"class":64},[50,110785,110417],{"class":125},[50,110787,122],{"class":64},[50,110789,106931],{"class":125},[50,110791,414],{"class":64},[50,110793,110794],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,110795,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110797,110798,110800,110802,110804],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,110799,119],{"class":118},[50,110801,122],{"class":64},[50,110803,2285],{"class":125},[50,110805,414],{"class":64},[20,110807,2091],{},[41,110809,110811],{"className":43,"code":110810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110812,110813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110814,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837,110839],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110816,9304],{"class":64},[50,110818,1736],{"class":68},[50,110820,13101],{"class":72},[50,110822,1736],{"class":68},[50,110824,89],{"class":64},[50,110826,3321],{"class":68},[50,110828,13118],{"class":72},[50,110830,1736],{"class":68},[50,110832,89],{"class":64},[50,110834,3321],{"class":68},[50,110836,22322],{"class":72},[50,110838,1736],{"class":68},[50,110840,105],{"class":64},[20,110842,13417],{},[233,110844,110845,110850,110861],{},[236,110846,110847,110849],{},[15,110848,96315],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[236,110851,110852,1846,110854,110857,110858,110860],{},[15,110853,65211],{},[15,110855,110856],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110859,106984],{},", so they stay",[236,110862,110863,110865,110866,110868],{},[15,110864,109623],{}," is only in ",[15,110867,106931],{},", so it stays",[219,110870,110872,10608,110874],{"id":110871},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110873,110327],{},[15,110875,100236],{},[20,110877,110878],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110880,110881,78],{},[15,110882,100236],{},[233,110884,110885,110888],{},[236,110886,110887],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[236,110889,110890],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110892,110893,78],{},[15,110894,110327],{},[233,110896,110897,110900],{},[236,110898,110899],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[236,110901,110902],{},"removes shared items",[20,110904,253],{},[41,110906,110908],{"className":43,"code":110907,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110909,110910,110930,110950,110954,110975],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110911,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110913,2577],{"class":56},[50,110915,61],{"class":60},[50,110917,65],{"class":64},[50,110919,3011],{"class":101},[50,110921,89],{"class":64},[50,110923,3016],{"class":101},[50,110925,89],{"class":64},[50,110927,2473],{"class":101},[50,110929,105],{"class":64},[50,110931,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940,110942,110944,110946,110948],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110933,2605],{"class":56},[50,110935,61],{"class":60},[50,110937,65],{"class":64},[50,110939,2082],{"class":101},[50,110941,89],{"class":64},[50,110943,2479],{"class":101},[50,110945,89],{"class":64},[50,110947,4629],{"class":101},[50,110949,105],{"class":64},[50,110951,110952],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110953,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110955,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,110957,119],{"class":118},[50,110959,122],{"class":64},[50,110961,380],{"class":125},[50,110963,129],{"class":64},[50,110965,2835],{"class":125},[50,110967,122],{"class":64},[50,110969,4784],{"class":125},[50,110971,143],{"class":64},[50,110973,110974],{"class":146},"            # {1, 2}\n",[50,110976,110977,110979,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,110978,119],{"class":118},[50,110980,122],{"class":64},[50,110982,380],{"class":125},[50,110984,129],{"class":64},[50,110986,110417],{"class":125},[50,110988,122],{"class":64},[50,110990,4784],{"class":125},[50,110992,143],{"class":64},[50,110994,110436],{"class":146},[20,110996,990],{},[233,110998,110999,111006],{},[236,111000,111001,111005],{},[380,111002,111003],{"href":102662},[15,111004,100236],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[236,111007,111008,111010],{},[15,111009,110327],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[219,111012,111014,10608,111016],{"id":111013},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111015,110327],{},[15,111017,102621],{},[20,111019,111020,111022],{},[15,111021,102621],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111024,111025,111027],{},[15,111026,110327],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111029,253],{},[41,111031,111033],{"className":43,"code":111032,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111034,111035,111055,111075,111079,111101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111036,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047,111049,111051,111053],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111038,2577],{"class":56},[50,111040,61],{"class":60},[50,111042,65],{"class":64},[50,111044,3011],{"class":101},[50,111046,89],{"class":64},[50,111048,3016],{"class":101},[50,111050,89],{"class":64},[50,111052,2473],{"class":101},[50,111054,105],{"class":64},[50,111056,111057,111059,111061,111063,111065,111067,111069,111071,111073],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111058,2605],{"class":56},[50,111060,61],{"class":60},[50,111062,65],{"class":64},[50,111064,2082],{"class":101},[50,111066,89],{"class":64},[50,111068,2479],{"class":101},[50,111070,89],{"class":64},[50,111072,4629],{"class":101},[50,111074,105],{"class":64},[50,111076,111077],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111078,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111080,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111092,111094,111096,111098],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,111082,119],{"class":118},[50,111084,122],{"class":64},[50,111086,380],{"class":125},[50,111088,129],{"class":64},[50,111090,111091],{"class":125},"union",[50,111093,122],{"class":64},[50,111095,4784],{"class":125},[50,111097,143],{"class":64},[50,111099,111100],{"class":146},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[50,111102,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,111104,119],{"class":118},[50,111106,122],{"class":64},[50,111108,380],{"class":125},[50,111110,129],{"class":64},[50,111112,110417],{"class":125},[50,111114,122],{"class":64},[50,111116,4784],{"class":125},[50,111118,143],{"class":64},[50,111120,110436],{"class":146},[20,111122,27021],{},[233,111124,111125,111130],{},[236,111126,111127,111129],{},[15,111128,102621],{}," includes everything",[236,111131,111132,111134],{},[15,111133,110327],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111136,990],{},[233,111138,111139,111146],{},[236,111140,111141,111145],{},[380,111142,111143],{"href":107552},[15,111144,102621],{}," when overlap does not matter",[236,111147,111148,111150],{},[15,111149,110327],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[219,111152,36420,111154,101420],{"id":111153},"using-the-operator",[15,111155,111156],{},"^",[20,111158,111159,111160,111162,111163,129],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111161,111156],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111164,110327],{},[20,111166,253],{},[41,111168,111170],{"className":43,"code":111169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111171,111172,111192,111212,111216,111234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111173,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111175,110523],{"class":56},[50,111177,61],{"class":60},[50,111179,65],{"class":64},[50,111181,3011],{"class":101},[50,111183,89],{"class":64},[50,111185,3016],{"class":101},[50,111187,89],{"class":64},[50,111189,2473],{"class":101},[50,111191,105],{"class":64},[50,111193,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111195,110544],{"class":56},[50,111197,61],{"class":60},[50,111199,65],{"class":64},[50,111201,2082],{"class":101},[50,111203,89],{"class":64},[50,111205,2479],{"class":101},[50,111207,89],{"class":64},[50,111209,4629],{"class":101},[50,111211,105],{"class":64},[50,111213,111214],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111215,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111217,111218,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,111219,119],{"class":118},[50,111221,122],{"class":64},[50,111223,100407],{"class":125},[50,111225,129],{"class":64},[50,111227,110417],{"class":125},[50,111229,122],{"class":64},[50,111231,100416],{"class":125},[50,111233,1770],{"class":64},[50,111235,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111247],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,111237,119],{"class":118},[50,111239,122],{"class":64},[50,111241,110523],{"class":125},[50,111243,111156],{"class":60},[50,111245,111246],{"class":125}," set2",[50,111248,414],{"class":64},[20,111250,29831],{},[41,111252,111254],{"className":43,"code":111253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111255,111256,111276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111257,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272,111274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111259,9304],{"class":64},[50,111261,3011],{"class":101},[50,111263,89],{"class":64},[50,111265,3016],{"class":101},[50,111267,89],{"class":64},[50,111269,2479],{"class":101},[50,111271,89],{"class":64},[50,111273,4629],{"class":101},[50,111275,105],{"class":64},[50,111277,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111279,9304],{"class":64},[50,111281,3011],{"class":101},[50,111283,89],{"class":64},[50,111285,3016],{"class":101},[50,111287,89],{"class":64},[50,111289,2479],{"class":101},[50,111291,89],{"class":64},[50,111293,4629],{"class":101},[50,111295,105],{"class":64},[20,111297,111298],{},"Both forms:",[233,111300,111301,111304],{},[236,111302,111303],{},"return a new set",[236,111305,111306],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111308,111309],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[219,111311,4543],{"id":4542},[20,111313,1666,111314,78],{},[15,111315,110327],{},[233,111317,111318,111326,111336,111351],{},[236,111319,111320,111323,111325],{},[997,111321,111322],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9870,111324],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[236,111327,111328,111331,111333,111335],{},[997,111329,111330],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9870,111332],{},[15,111334,110327],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[236,111337,111338,111343,111345,111347,111348,111350],{},[997,111339,111340,111341],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111342,100236],{},[9870,111344],{},[15,111346,100236],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111349,110327],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[236,111352,111353,111356,111358],{},[997,111354,111355],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9870,111357],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111360,58679],{},[233,111362,111363,111372,111375,111378],{},[236,111364,50306,111365,44442,111367,111371],{},[15,111366,110327],{},[380,111368,111369],{"href":107552},[15,111370,102621],{}," is actually needed",[236,111373,111374],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[236,111376,111377],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[236,111379,111380],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111382,111383,111384,129],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[380,111385,98900],{"href":105165},[20,111387,62113],{},[41,111389,111391],{"className":43,"code":111390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111392,111393,111403,111413,111431,111445,111459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111394,111395,111397,111399,111401],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111396,119],{"class":118},[50,111398,122],{"class":64},[50,111400,100407],{"class":125},[50,111402,414],{"class":64},[50,111404,111405,111407,111409,111411],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111406,119],{"class":118},[50,111408,122],{"class":64},[50,111410,100416],{"class":125},[50,111412,414],{"class":64},[50,111414,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111416,119],{"class":118},[50,111418,122],{"class":64},[50,111420,100407],{"class":125},[50,111422,129],{"class":64},[50,111424,110417],{"class":125},[50,111426,122],{"class":64},[50,111428,100416],{"class":125},[50,111430,1770],{"class":64},[50,111432,111433,111435,111437,111439,111441,111443],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,111434,119],{"class":118},[50,111436,122],{"class":64},[50,111438,110523],{"class":125},[50,111440,111156],{"class":60},[50,111442,111246],{"class":125},[50,111444,414],{"class":64},[50,111446,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,111448,119],{"class":118},[50,111450,122],{"class":64},[50,111452,1780],{"class":1779},[50,111454,122],{"class":64},[50,111456,100407],{"class":125},[50,111458,1770],{"class":64},[50,111460,111461,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,111462,119],{"class":118},[50,111464,122],{"class":64},[50,111466,1780],{"class":1779},[50,111468,122],{"class":64},[50,111470,100416],{"class":125},[50,111472,1770],{"class":64},[219,111474,1857],{"id":1856},[811,111476,1861,111478,102561],{"id":111477},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111479,110327],{},[20,111481,102564],{},[811,111483,5202,111485,1846,111487,1867],{"id":111484},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111486,110327],{},[15,111488,100236],{},[20,111490,111491,111493,111494,111496],{},[15,111492,100236],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111495,110327],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[811,111498,28129,111500,111502],{"id":111499},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111501,110327],{}," with lists?",[20,111504,111505],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111507,253],{},[41,111509,111511],{"className":43,"code":111510,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111512,111513,111533,111553,111557,111584],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111514,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111516,80477],{"class":56},[50,111518,61],{"class":60},[50,111520,3652],{"class":64},[50,111522,3011],{"class":101},[50,111524,89],{"class":64},[50,111526,3016],{"class":101},[50,111528,89],{"class":64},[50,111530,2473],{"class":101},[50,111532,788],{"class":64},[50,111534,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111536,80498],{"class":56},[50,111538,61],{"class":60},[50,111540,3652],{"class":64},[50,111542,2082],{"class":101},[50,111544,89],{"class":64},[50,111546,2479],{"class":101},[50,111548,89],{"class":64},[50,111550,4629],{"class":101},[50,111552,788],{"class":64},[50,111554,111555],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111556,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111558,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,111560,2250],{"class":56},[50,111562,61],{"class":60},[50,111564,15634],{"class":1779},[50,111566,122],{"class":64},[50,111568,111569],{"class":125},"list1",[50,111571,8659],{"class":64},[50,111573,110417],{"class":125},[50,111575,122],{"class":64},[50,111577,6311],{"class":1779},[50,111579,122],{"class":64},[50,111581,80764],{"class":125},[50,111583,1770],{"class":64},[50,111585,111586,111588,111590,111592],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,111587,119],{"class":118},[50,111589,122],{"class":64},[50,111591,2285],{"class":125},[50,111593,414],{"class":64},[20,111595,2091],{},[41,111597,111598],{"className":43,"code":110598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,111599,111600],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111601,111602,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111603,9304],{"class":64},[50,111605,3011],{"class":101},[50,111607,89],{"class":64},[50,111609,3016],{"class":101},[50,111611,89],{"class":64},[50,111613,2479],{"class":101},[50,111615,89],{"class":64},[50,111617,4629],{"class":101},[50,111619,105],{"class":64},[811,111621,111623],{"id":111622},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111625,111626],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[219,111628,1909],{"id":1908},[233,111630,111631,111635,111640,111646,111652],{},[236,111632,111633],{},[380,111634,96150],{"href":96149},[236,111636,111637],{},[380,111638,111639],{"href":96153},"Creating a set in Python",[236,111641,111642],{},[380,111643,96636,111644,1845],{"href":102662},[15,111645,100236],{},[236,111647,111648],{},[380,111649,96636,111650,1845],{"href":107552},[15,111651,102621],{},[236,111653,111654],{},[380,111655,100166],{"href":105165},[20,111657,111658,111659,32,111661,17069,111663,111665],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111660,100236],{},[15,111662,102621],{},[15,111664,110327],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1944,111667,57058],{},{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":111669},[111670,111671,111673,111674,111675,111676,111678,111680,111682,111683,111692],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":110442,"depth":108,"text":111672},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":110623,"depth":108,"text":110624},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":110871,"depth":108,"text":111677},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111013,"depth":108,"text":111679},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111153,"depth":108,"text":111681},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":111684},[111685,111687,111689,111691],{"id":111477,"depth":115,"text":111686},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111484,"depth":115,"text":111688},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111499,"depth":115,"text":111690},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111622,"depth":115,"text":111623},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110319,"description":111693},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111700,"title":111701,"body":111702,"description":113765,"extension":1981,"meta":113766,"navigation":111,"path":107552,"seo":113767,"stem":113768,"__hash__":113769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111703,"toc":113724},[111704,111709,111714,111717,111730,111732,111814,111819,111824,111828,111840,111843,111847,111849,111876,111878,111889,111892,111961,111963,111969,111972,111982,111984,112073,112078,112080,112087,112090,112092,112095,112215,112217,112286,112289,112306,112311,112314,112430,112432,112461,112464,112470,112475,112479,112560,112562,112590,112595,112599,112694,112696,112737,112741,112744,112811,112813,112854,112860,112875,112882,112889,112893,112899,112985,112989,112997,113068,113073,113080,113082,113088,113090,113155,113157,113173,113178,113181,113250,113254,113257,113316,113319,113323,113376,113389,113392,113445,113449,113451,113482,113485,113490,113543,113547,113550,113571,113583,113585,113638,113640,113645,113647,113653,113656,113662,113667,113671,113674,113682,113691,113693,113721],[10,111705,3603,111707,18],{"id":111706},"python-setunion-method",[15,111708,107865],{},[20,111710,111711,111713],{},[15,111712,107865],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111715,111716],{},"It is useful when you want:",[233,111718,111719,111722,111727],{},[236,111720,111721],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[236,111723,2577,111724,111726],{},[997,111725,100591],{}," as the result",[236,111728,111729],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[219,111731,2022],{"id":2021},[41,111733,111735],{"className":43,"code":111734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111736,111737,111757,111777,111781,111799,111809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111738,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111740,110523],{"class":56},[50,111742,61],{"class":60},[50,111744,65],{"class":64},[50,111746,3011],{"class":101},[50,111748,89],{"class":64},[50,111750,3016],{"class":101},[50,111752,89],{"class":64},[50,111754,2473],{"class":101},[50,111756,105],{"class":64},[50,111758,111759,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111760,110544],{"class":56},[50,111762,61],{"class":60},[50,111764,65],{"class":64},[50,111766,2082],{"class":101},[50,111768,89],{"class":64},[50,111770,2479],{"class":101},[50,111772,89],{"class":64},[50,111774,4629],{"class":101},[50,111776,105],{"class":64},[50,111778,111779],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111780,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111782,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,111784,2250],{"class":56},[50,111786,61],{"class":60},[50,111788,110573],{"class":56},[50,111790,129],{"class":64},[50,111792,111091],{"class":125},[50,111794,122],{"class":64},[50,111796,100416],{"class":125},[50,111798,414],{"class":64},[50,111800,111801,111803,111805,111807],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,111802,119],{"class":118},[50,111804,122],{"class":64},[50,111806,2285],{"class":125},[50,111808,414],{"class":64},[50,111810,111811],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,111812,111813],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111815,111816,111818],{},[15,111817,102621],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[219,111820,222,111822,225],{"id":111821},"what-setunion-does",[15,111823,107865],{},[20,111825,111826,78],{},[15,111827,107865],{},[233,111829,111830,111833,111836,111838],{},[236,111831,111832],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[236,111834,111835],{},"keeps only unique values",[236,111837,110453],{},[236,111839,110462],{},[20,111841,111842],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111844,96146,111845,129],{},[380,111846,96150],{"href":97321},[219,111848,387],{"id":386},[41,111850,111852],{"className":43,"code":111851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111853,111854],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111857,100407],{"class":56},[50,111859,129],{"class":64},[50,111861,111091],{"class":125},[50,111863,122],{"class":64},[50,111865,100416],{"class":125},[50,111867,89],{"class":64},[50,111869,100443],{"class":125},[50,111871,89],{"class":64},[50,111873,34258],{"class":118},[50,111875,414],{"class":64},[20,111877,13060],{},[233,111879,111880,111883,111886],{},[236,111881,111882],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[236,111884,111885],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[236,111887,111888],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111890,111891],{},"Example with two sets:",[41,111893,111895],{"className":43,"code":111894,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111896,111897,111913,111929,111933,111951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111898,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111900,2577],{"class":56},[50,111902,61],{"class":60},[50,111904,65],{"class":64},[50,111906,3011],{"class":101},[50,111908,89],{"class":64},[50,111910,3016],{"class":101},[50,111912,105],{"class":64},[50,111914,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111916,2605],{"class":56},[50,111918,61],{"class":60},[50,111920,65],{"class":64},[50,111922,2076],{"class":101},[50,111924,89],{"class":64},[50,111926,2473],{"class":101},[50,111928,105],{"class":64},[50,111930,111931],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111932,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111934,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,111936,2250],{"class":56},[50,111938,61],{"class":60},[50,111940,56704],{"class":56},[50,111942,129],{"class":64},[50,111944,111091],{"class":125},[50,111946,122],{"class":64},[50,111948,4784],{"class":125},[50,111950,414],{"class":64},[50,111952,111953,111955,111957,111959],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,111954,119],{"class":118},[50,111956,122],{"class":64},[50,111958,2285],{"class":125},[50,111960,414],{"class":64},[219,111962,21768],{"id":21767},[20,111964,111965,100588,111967,129],{},[15,111966,107865],{},[997,111968,100591],{},[20,111970,111971],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[233,111973,111974,111977],{},[236,111975,111976],{},"the original set",[236,111978,111979,111980],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111981,102621],{},[20,111983,253],{},[41,111985,111987],{"className":43,"code":111986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111988,111989,112005,112021,112025,112043,112047,112060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111990,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111992,2577],{"class":56},[50,111994,61],{"class":60},[50,111996,65],{"class":64},[50,111998,3011],{"class":101},[50,112000,89],{"class":64},[50,112002,3016],{"class":101},[50,112004,105],{"class":64},[50,112006,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112008,2605],{"class":56},[50,112010,61],{"class":60},[50,112012,65],{"class":64},[50,112014,2076],{"class":101},[50,112016,89],{"class":64},[50,112018,2473],{"class":101},[50,112020,105],{"class":64},[50,112022,112023],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112024,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112026,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,112028,2250],{"class":56},[50,112030,61],{"class":60},[50,112032,56704],{"class":56},[50,112034,129],{"class":64},[50,112036,111091],{"class":125},[50,112038,122],{"class":64},[50,112040,4784],{"class":125},[50,112042,414],{"class":64},[50,112044,112045],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,112046,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112048,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,112050,119],{"class":118},[50,112052,122],{"class":64},[50,112054,2285],{"class":125},[50,112056,1206],{"class":64},[50,112058,112059],{"class":146},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[50,112061,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,112063,119],{"class":118},[50,112065,122],{"class":64},[50,112067,380],{"class":125},[50,112069,1206],{"class":64},[50,112071,112072],{"class":146},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112074,2307,112075,112077],{},[15,112076,380],{}," did not change.",[20,112079,110695],{},[233,112081,112082,112084],{},[236,112083,110700],{},[236,112085,112086],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112088,112089],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[219,112091,11490],{"id":11489},[20,112093,112094],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[41,112096,112098],{"className":43,"code":112097,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112099,112100,112133,112166,112170,112190,112194,112204],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112101,112102,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112103,112104],{"class":56},"fruits1 ",[50,112106,61],{"class":60},[50,112108,65],{"class":64},[50,112110,69],{"class":68},[50,112112,4102],{"class":72},[50,112114,69],{"class":68},[50,112116,89],{"class":64},[50,112118,81],{"class":68},[50,112120,4111],{"class":72},[50,112122,69],{"class":68},[50,112124,89],{"class":64},[50,112126,81],{"class":68},[50,112128,33024],{"class":72},[50,112130,69],{"class":68},[50,112132,105],{"class":64},[50,112134,112135,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112136,112137],{"class":56},"fruits2 ",[50,112139,61],{"class":60},[50,112141,65],{"class":64},[50,112143,69],{"class":68},[50,112145,4111],{"class":72},[50,112147,69],{"class":68},[50,112149,89],{"class":64},[50,112151,81],{"class":68},[50,112153,22331],{"class":72},[50,112155,69],{"class":68},[50,112157,89],{"class":64},[50,112159,81],{"class":68},[50,112161,33024],{"class":72},[50,112163,69],{"class":68},[50,112165,105],{"class":64},[50,112167,112168],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112169,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112171,112172,112174,112176,112179,112181,112183,112185,112188],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,112173,2250],{"class":56},[50,112175,61],{"class":60},[50,112177,112178],{"class":56}," fruits1",[50,112180,129],{"class":64},[50,112182,111091],{"class":125},[50,112184,122],{"class":64},[50,112186,112187],{"class":125},"fruits2",[50,112189,414],{"class":64},[50,112191,112192],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,112193,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112195,112196,112198,112200,112202],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,112197,119],{"class":118},[50,112199,122],{"class":64},[50,112201,2285],{"class":125},[50,112203,414],{"class":64},[50,112205,112206,112208,112210,112213],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,112207,119],{"class":118},[50,112209,122],{"class":64},[50,112211,112212],{"class":125},"fruits1",[50,112214,414],{"class":64},[20,112216,29831],{},[41,112218,112220],{"className":43,"code":112219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112221,112222,112258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112223,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236,112238,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112225,9304],{"class":64},[50,112227,1736],{"class":68},[50,112229,4111],{"class":72},[50,112231,1736],{"class":68},[50,112233,89],{"class":64},[50,112235,3321],{"class":68},[50,112237,33024],{"class":72},[50,112239,1736],{"class":68},[50,112241,89],{"class":64},[50,112243,3321],{"class":68},[50,112245,4102],{"class":72},[50,112247,1736],{"class":68},[50,112249,89],{"class":64},[50,112251,3321],{"class":68},[50,112253,22331],{"class":72},[50,112255,1736],{"class":68},[50,112257,105],{"class":64},[50,112259,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112261,9304],{"class":64},[50,112263,1736],{"class":68},[50,112265,4111],{"class":72},[50,112267,1736],{"class":68},[50,112269,89],{"class":64},[50,112271,3321],{"class":68},[50,112273,33024],{"class":72},[50,112275,1736],{"class":68},[50,112277,89],{"class":64},[50,112279,3321],{"class":68},[50,112281,4102],{"class":72},[50,112283,1736],{"class":68},[50,112285,105],{"class":64},[20,112287,112288],{},"What this shows:",[233,112290,112291,112298,112301],{},[236,112292,112293,1846,112295,112297],{},[15,112294,65093],{},[15,112296,65520],{}," appear in both sets",[236,112299,112300],{},"they appear only once in the result",[236,112302,112303,112305],{},[15,112304,112212],{}," stays unchanged",[219,112307,8444,112309,100980],{"id":112308},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112310,102621],{},[20,112312,112313],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[41,112315,112317],{"className":43,"code":112316,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112318,112319,112335,112351,112368,112385,112389,112416,112420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112320,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112322,110523],{"class":56},[50,112324,61],{"class":60},[50,112326,65],{"class":64},[50,112328,3011],{"class":101},[50,112330,89],{"class":64},[50,112332,3016],{"class":101},[50,112334,105],{"class":64},[50,112336,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112338,110544],{"class":56},[50,112340,61],{"class":60},[50,112342,65],{"class":64},[50,112344,2076],{"class":101},[50,112346,89],{"class":64},[50,112348,2473],{"class":101},[50,112350,105],{"class":64},[50,112352,112353,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112354,112355],{"class":56},"set3 ",[50,112357,61],{"class":60},[50,112359,65],{"class":64},[50,112361,2082],{"class":101},[50,112363,89],{"class":64},[50,112365,2479],{"class":101},[50,112367,105],{"class":64},[50,112369,112370,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,112371,112372],{"class":56},"set4 ",[50,112374,61],{"class":60},[50,112376,65],{"class":64},[50,112378,2527],{"class":101},[50,112380,89],{"class":64},[50,112382,4629],{"class":101},[50,112384,105],{"class":64},[50,112386,112387],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,112388,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112390,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112414],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,112392,2250],{"class":56},[50,112394,61],{"class":60},[50,112396,110573],{"class":56},[50,112398,129],{"class":64},[50,112400,111091],{"class":125},[50,112402,122],{"class":64},[50,112404,100416],{"class":125},[50,112406,89],{"class":64},[50,112408,100443],{"class":125},[50,112410,89],{"class":64},[50,112412,112413],{"class":125}," set4",[50,112415,414],{"class":64},[50,112417,112418],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,112419,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112421,112422,112424,112426,112428],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,112423,119],{"class":118},[50,112425,122],{"class":64},[50,112427,2285],{"class":125},[50,112429,414],{"class":64},[20,112431,29831],{},[41,112433,112435],{"className":43,"code":112434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112436,112437],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112438,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112440,9304],{"class":64},[50,112442,3011],{"class":101},[50,112444,89],{"class":64},[50,112446,3016],{"class":101},[50,112448,89],{"class":64},[50,112450,2473],{"class":101},[50,112452,89],{"class":64},[50,112454,2479],{"class":101},[50,112456,89],{"class":64},[50,112458,4629],{"class":101},[50,112460,105],{"class":64},[20,112462,112463],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[219,112465,8444,112467,112469],{"id":112466},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112468,102621],{}," with other iterables",[20,112471,112472,112474],{},[15,112473,102621],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[811,112476,112478],{"id":112477},"with-a-list","With a list",[41,112480,112482],{"className":43,"code":112481,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112483,112484,112504,112528,112532,112550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112485,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112487,3647],{"class":56},[50,112489,61],{"class":60},[50,112491,65],{"class":64},[50,112493,3011],{"class":101},[50,112495,89],{"class":64},[50,112497,3016],{"class":101},[50,112499,89],{"class":64},[50,112501,2473],{"class":101},[50,112503,105],{"class":64},[50,112505,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112507,60865],{"class":56},[50,112509,61],{"class":60},[50,112511,3652],{"class":64},[50,112513,2082],{"class":101},[50,112515,89],{"class":64},[50,112517,2479],{"class":101},[50,112519,89],{"class":64},[50,112521,4629],{"class":101},[50,112523,89],{"class":64},[50,112525,4629],{"class":101},[50,112527,788],{"class":64},[50,112529,112530],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112531,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112533,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,112535,2250],{"class":56},[50,112537,61],{"class":60},[50,112539,4287],{"class":56},[50,112541,129],{"class":64},[50,112543,111091],{"class":125},[50,112545,122],{"class":64},[50,112547,60894],{"class":125},[50,112549,414],{"class":64},[50,112551,112552,112554,112556,112558],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,112553,119],{"class":118},[50,112555,122],{"class":64},[50,112557,2285],{"class":125},[50,112559,414],{"class":64},[20,112561,29831],{},[41,112563,112564],{"className":43,"code":112434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,112565,112566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112567,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112569,9304],{"class":64},[50,112571,3011],{"class":101},[50,112573,89],{"class":64},[50,112575,3016],{"class":101},[50,112577,89],{"class":64},[50,112579,2473],{"class":101},[50,112581,89],{"class":64},[50,112583,2479],{"class":101},[50,112585,89],{"class":64},[50,112587,4629],{"class":101},[50,112589,105],{"class":64},[20,112591,1423,112592,112594],{},[15,112593,2157],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[811,112596,112598],{"id":112597},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[41,112600,112602],{"className":43,"code":112601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112603,112604,112628,112661,112665,112684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112605,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112607,35897],{"class":56},[50,112609,61],{"class":60},[50,112611,65],{"class":64},[50,112613,69],{"class":68},[50,112615,380],{"class":72},[50,112617,69],{"class":68},[50,112619,89],{"class":64},[50,112621,81],{"class":68},[50,112623,4784],{"class":72},[50,112625,69],{"class":68},[50,112627,105],{"class":64},[50,112629,112630,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112631,112632],{"class":56},"more_letters ",[50,112634,61],{"class":60},[50,112636,9262],{"class":64},[50,112638,69],{"class":68},[50,112640,4784],{"class":72},[50,112642,69],{"class":68},[50,112644,89],{"class":64},[50,112646,81],{"class":68},[50,112648,9763],{"class":72},[50,112650,69],{"class":68},[50,112652,89],{"class":64},[50,112654,81],{"class":68},[50,112656,18757],{"class":72},[50,112658,69],{"class":68},[50,112660,414],{"class":64},[50,112662,112663],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112664,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112666,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112682],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,112668,2250],{"class":56},[50,112670,61],{"class":60},[50,112672,69915],{"class":56},[50,112674,129],{"class":64},[50,112676,111091],{"class":125},[50,112678,122],{"class":64},[50,112680,112681],{"class":125},"more_letters",[50,112683,414],{"class":64},[50,112685,112686,112688,112690,112692],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,112687,119],{"class":118},[50,112689,122],{"class":64},[50,112691,2285],{"class":125},[50,112693,414],{"class":64},[20,112695,29831],{},[41,112697,112699],{"className":43,"code":112698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112700,112701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112702,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112704,9304],{"class":64},[50,112706,1736],{"class":68},[50,112708,380],{"class":72},[50,112710,1736],{"class":68},[50,112712,89],{"class":64},[50,112714,3321],{"class":68},[50,112716,4784],{"class":72},[50,112718,1736],{"class":68},[50,112720,89],{"class":64},[50,112722,3321],{"class":68},[50,112724,9763],{"class":72},[50,112726,1736],{"class":68},[50,112728,89],{"class":64},[50,112730,3321],{"class":68},[50,112732,18757],{"class":72},[50,112734,1736],{"class":68},[50,112736,105],{"class":64},[811,112738,112740],{"id":112739},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112742,112743],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[41,112745,112747],{"className":43,"code":112746,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112748,112749,112774,112797,112801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112750,112751,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112752,112753],{"class":56},"chars ",[50,112755,61],{"class":60},[50,112757,65],{"class":64},[50,112759,69],{"class":68},[50,112761,380],{"class":72},[50,112763,69],{"class":68},[50,112765,89],{"class":64},[50,112767,81],{"class":68},[50,112769,4784],{"class":72},[50,112771,69],{"class":68},[50,112773,105],{"class":64},[50,112775,112776,112778,112780,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112777,2250],{"class":56},[50,112779,61],{"class":60},[50,112781,112782],{"class":56}," chars",[50,112784,129],{"class":64},[50,112786,111091],{"class":125},[50,112788,122],{"class":64},[50,112790,69],{"class":68},[50,112792,36855],{"class":72},[50,112794,69],{"class":68},[50,112796,414],{"class":64},[50,112798,112799],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112800,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112802,112803,112805,112807,112809],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,112804,119],{"class":118},[50,112806,122],{"class":64},[50,112808,2285],{"class":125},[50,112810,414],{"class":64},[20,112812,29831],{},[41,112814,112816],{"className":43,"code":112815,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112817,112818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112819,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112821,9304],{"class":64},[50,112823,1736],{"class":68},[50,112825,380],{"class":72},[50,112827,1736],{"class":68},[50,112829,89],{"class":64},[50,112831,3321],{"class":68},[50,112833,4784],{"class":72},[50,112835,1736],{"class":68},[50,112837,89],{"class":64},[50,112839,3321],{"class":68},[50,112841,9763],{"class":72},[50,112843,1736],{"class":68},[50,112845,89],{"class":64},[50,112847,3321],{"class":68},[50,112849,63105],{"class":72},[50,112851,1736],{"class":68},[50,112853,105],{"class":64},[20,112855,21987,112856,112859],{},[15,112857,112858],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[233,112861,112862,112866,112870],{},[236,112863,112864],{},[15,112865,66300],{},[236,112867,112868],{},[15,112869,18089],{},[236,112871,112872],{},[15,112873,112874],{},"\"t\"",[219,112876,112878,10608,112880],{"id":112877},"union-vs-update",[15,112879,102621],{},[15,112881,14958],{},[20,112883,112884,1846,112886,112888],{},[15,112885,102621],{},[15,112887,14958],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[811,112890,112891],{"id":111091},[15,112892,102621],{},[233,112894,112895,112897],{},[236,112896,110453],{},[236,112898,110462],{},[41,112900,112901],{"className":43,"code":111986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,112902,112903,112919,112935,112939,112957,112961,112973],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112904,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112906,2577],{"class":56},[50,112908,61],{"class":60},[50,112910,65],{"class":64},[50,112912,3011],{"class":101},[50,112914,89],{"class":64},[50,112916,3016],{"class":101},[50,112918,105],{"class":64},[50,112920,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112922,2605],{"class":56},[50,112924,61],{"class":60},[50,112926,65],{"class":64},[50,112928,2076],{"class":101},[50,112930,89],{"class":64},[50,112932,2473],{"class":101},[50,112934,105],{"class":64},[50,112936,112937],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112938,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112940,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,112942,2250],{"class":56},[50,112944,61],{"class":60},[50,112946,56704],{"class":56},[50,112948,129],{"class":64},[50,112950,111091],{"class":125},[50,112952,122],{"class":64},[50,112954,4784],{"class":125},[50,112956,414],{"class":64},[50,112958,112959],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,112960,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112962,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,112964,119],{"class":118},[50,112966,122],{"class":64},[50,112968,2285],{"class":125},[50,112970,1206],{"class":64},[50,112972,112059],{"class":146},[50,112974,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,112976,119],{"class":118},[50,112978,122],{"class":64},[50,112980,380],{"class":125},[50,112982,1206],{"class":64},[50,112984,112072],{"class":146},[811,112986,112987],{"id":30266},[15,112988,14958],{},[233,112990,112991,112994],{},[236,112992,112993],{},"changes the existing set in place",[236,112995,112996],{},"does not create a separate result set",[41,112998,113000],{"className":43,"code":112999,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113001,113002,113018,113034,113038,113052,113056],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113003,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113005,2577],{"class":56},[50,113007,61],{"class":60},[50,113009,65],{"class":64},[50,113011,3011],{"class":101},[50,113013,89],{"class":64},[50,113015,3016],{"class":101},[50,113017,105],{"class":64},[50,113019,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113021,2605],{"class":56},[50,113023,61],{"class":60},[50,113025,65],{"class":64},[50,113027,2076],{"class":101},[50,113029,89],{"class":64},[50,113031,2473],{"class":101},[50,113033,105],{"class":64},[50,113035,113036],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113037,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113039,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,113041,380],{"class":56},[50,113043,129],{"class":64},[50,113045,30266],{"class":125},[50,113047,122],{"class":64},[50,113049,4784],{"class":125},[50,113051,414],{"class":64},[50,113053,113054],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,113055,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113057,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,113059,119],{"class":118},[50,113061,122],{"class":64},[50,113063,380],{"class":125},[50,113065,1206],{"class":64},[50,113067,112059],{"class":146},[20,113069,212,113070,113072],{},[15,113071,102621],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113074,113075,113076,129],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[380,113077,3603,113078,1845],{"href":98341},[15,113079,97136],{},[219,113081,4543],{"id":4542},[811,113083,8480,113085,113087],{"id":113084},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113086,102621],{}," to change the original set",[20,113089,81646],{},[41,113091,113093],{"className":43,"code":113092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113094,113095,113111,113127,113131,113145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113096,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113098,2577],{"class":56},[50,113100,61],{"class":60},[50,113102,65],{"class":64},[50,113104,3011],{"class":101},[50,113106,89],{"class":64},[50,113108,3016],{"class":101},[50,113110,105],{"class":64},[50,113112,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113114,2605],{"class":56},[50,113116,61],{"class":60},[50,113118,65],{"class":64},[50,113120,2076],{"class":101},[50,113122,89],{"class":64},[50,113124,2473],{"class":101},[50,113126,105],{"class":64},[50,113128,113129],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113130,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113132,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,113134,380],{"class":56},[50,113136,129],{"class":64},[50,113138,111091],{"class":125},[50,113140,122],{"class":64},[50,113142,4784],{"class":125},[50,113144,414],{"class":64},[50,113146,113147,113149,113151,113153],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,113148,119],{"class":118},[50,113150,122],{"class":64},[50,113152,380],{"class":125},[50,113154,414],{"class":64},[20,113156,2091],{},[41,113158,113159],{"className":43,"code":100329,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,113160,113161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113162,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113164,9304],{"class":64},[50,113166,3011],{"class":101},[50,113168,89],{"class":64},[50,113170,3016],{"class":101},[50,113172,105],{"class":64},[20,113174,8523,113175,113177],{},[15,113176,102621],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113179,113180],{},"Fix it like this:",[41,113182,113184],{"className":43,"code":113183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113185,113186,113202,113218,113222,113240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113187,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113189,2577],{"class":56},[50,113191,61],{"class":60},[50,113193,65],{"class":64},[50,113195,3011],{"class":101},[50,113197,89],{"class":64},[50,113199,3016],{"class":101},[50,113201,105],{"class":64},[50,113203,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113205,2605],{"class":56},[50,113207,61],{"class":60},[50,113209,65],{"class":64},[50,113211,2076],{"class":101},[50,113213,89],{"class":64},[50,113215,2473],{"class":101},[50,113217,105],{"class":64},[50,113219,113220],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113221,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113223,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,113225,2577],{"class":56},[50,113227,61],{"class":60},[50,113229,56704],{"class":56},[50,113231,129],{"class":64},[50,113233,111091],{"class":125},[50,113235,122],{"class":64},[50,113237,4784],{"class":125},[50,113239,414],{"class":64},[50,113241,113242,113244,113246,113248],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,113243,119],{"class":118},[50,113245,122],{"class":64},[50,113247,380],{"class":125},[50,113249,414],{"class":64},[811,113251,113253],{"id":113252},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113255,113256],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[41,113258,113260],{"className":43,"code":113259,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113261,113262,113278,113294,113298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113263,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272,113274,113276],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113265,2577],{"class":56},[50,113267,61],{"class":60},[50,113269,65],{"class":64},[50,113271,2082],{"class":101},[50,113273,89],{"class":64},[50,113275,5521],{"class":101},[50,113277,105],{"class":64},[50,113279,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113281,2605],{"class":56},[50,113283,61],{"class":60},[50,113285,65],{"class":64},[50,113287,2076],{"class":101},[50,113289,89],{"class":64},[50,113291,2479],{"class":101},[50,113293,105],{"class":64},[50,113295,113296],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113297,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113299,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,113301,119],{"class":118},[50,113303,122],{"class":64},[50,113305,380],{"class":125},[50,113307,129],{"class":64},[50,113309,111091],{"class":125},[50,113311,122],{"class":64},[50,113313,4784],{"class":125},[50,113315,1770],{"class":64},[20,113317,113318],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[811,113320,113322],{"id":113321},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[41,113324,113326],{"className":43,"code":113325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113327,113328,113344,113366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113329,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113331,4093],{"class":56},[50,113333,61],{"class":60},[50,113335,65],{"class":64},[50,113337,69],{"class":68},[50,113339,57944],{"class":72},[50,113341,69],{"class":68},[50,113343,105],{"class":64},[50,113345,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113347,2250],{"class":56},[50,113349,61],{"class":60},[50,113351,6192],{"class":56},[50,113353,129],{"class":64},[50,113355,111091],{"class":125},[50,113357,122],{"class":64},[50,113359,69],{"class":68},[50,113361,36855],{"class":72},[50,113363,69],{"class":68},[50,113365,414],{"class":64},[50,113367,113368,113370,113372,113374],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113369,119],{"class":118},[50,113371,122],{"class":64},[50,113373,2285],{"class":125},[50,113375,414],{"class":64},[20,113377,113378,113379,32,113381,17069,113383,113385,113386,113388],{},"This adds ",[15,113380,66300],{},[15,113382,18089],{},[15,113384,112874],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113387,112858],{}," as one item.",[20,113390,113391],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[41,113393,113395],{"className":43,"code":113394,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113396,113397,113413,113435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113398,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113400,4093],{"class":56},[50,113402,61],{"class":60},[50,113404,65],{"class":64},[50,113406,69],{"class":68},[50,113408,57944],{"class":72},[50,113410,69],{"class":68},[50,113412,105],{"class":64},[50,113414,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429,113431,113433],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113416,2250],{"class":56},[50,113418,61],{"class":60},[50,113420,6192],{"class":56},[50,113422,129],{"class":64},[50,113424,111091],{"class":125},[50,113426,3008],{"class":64},[50,113428,69],{"class":68},[50,113430,36855],{"class":72},[50,113432,69],{"class":68},[50,113434,3911],{"class":64},[50,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113438,119],{"class":118},[50,113440,122],{"class":64},[50,113442,2285],{"class":125},[50,113444,414],{"class":64},[811,113446,113448],{"id":113447},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113450,2859],{},[41,113452,113454],{"className":43,"code":113453,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113455,113456],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113457,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113459,15629],{"class":56},[50,113461,61],{"class":60},[50,113463,65],{"class":64},[50,113465,3011],{"class":101},[50,113467,89],{"class":64},[50,113469,3016],{"class":101},[50,113471,89],{"class":64},[50,113473,3652],{"class":64},[50,113475,2082],{"class":101},[50,113477,89],{"class":64},[50,113479,2479],{"class":101},[50,113481,13713],{"class":64},[20,113483,113484],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113486,113487,113488,78],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113489,102621],{},[41,113491,113493],{"className":43,"code":113492,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113494,113495,113511,113533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113496,113497,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507,113509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113498,15629],{"class":56},[50,113500,61],{"class":60},[50,113502,65],{"class":64},[50,113504,3011],{"class":101},[50,113506,89],{"class":64},[50,113508,3016],{"class":101},[50,113510,105],{"class":64},[50,113512,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113514,2250],{"class":56},[50,113516,61],{"class":60},[50,113518,96746],{"class":56},[50,113520,129],{"class":64},[50,113522,111091],{"class":125},[50,113524,3008],{"class":64},[50,113526,2082],{"class":101},[50,113528,89],{"class":64},[50,113530,2479],{"class":101},[50,113532,3911],{"class":64},[50,113534,113535,113537,113539,113541],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113536,119],{"class":118},[50,113538,122],{"class":64},[50,113540,2285],{"class":125},[50,113542,414],{"class":64},[219,113544,113546],{"id":113545},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113548,113549],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[233,113551,113552,113558,113565,113568],{},[236,113553,113554,113555,113557],{},"call ",[15,113556,102621],{}," without saving the returned set",[236,113559,113560,113561,8733,113563],{},"confuse ",[15,113562,102621],{},[15,113564,14958],{},[236,113566,113567],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[236,113569,113570],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113572,113573,113574,1846,113578,129],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[380,113575,3603,113576,1845],{"href":102610},[15,113577,106395],{},[380,113579,3603,113581,1845],{"href":113580},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113582,100241],{},[20,113584,62113],{},[41,113586,113588],{"className":43,"code":113587,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113589,113590,113600,113614,113624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113591,113592,113594,113596,113598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113593,119],{"class":118},[50,113595,122],{"class":64},[50,113597,15667],{"class":125},[50,113599,414],{"class":64},[50,113601,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113603,119],{"class":118},[50,113605,122],{"class":64},[50,113607,1780],{"class":1779},[50,113609,122],{"class":64},[50,113611,15667],{"class":125},[50,113613,1770],{"class":64},[50,113615,113616,113618,113620,113622],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113617,119],{"class":118},[50,113619,122],{"class":64},[50,113621,2285],{"class":125},[50,113623,414],{"class":64},[50,113625,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,113627,31955],{"class":118},[50,113629,122],{"class":64},[50,113631,6311],{"class":1779},[50,113633,129],{"class":64},[50,113635,111091],{"class":24549},[50,113637,414],{"class":64},[219,113639,1857],{"id":1856},[811,113641,1861,113643,102561],{"id":113642},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113644,107865],{},[20,113646,102564],{},[811,113648,5192,113650,113652],{"id":113649},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113651,102621],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113654,113655],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[811,113657,28129,113659,113661],{"id":113658},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113660,102621],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113663,41963,113664,113666],{},[15,113665,102621],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[811,113668,113670],{"id":113669},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113672,113673],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[811,113675,5202,113677,1846,113679,1867],{"id":113676},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113678,102621],{},[15,113680,113681],{},"|",[20,113683,113684,113685,113687,113688,113690],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113686,113681],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113689,102621],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[219,113692,1909],{"id":1908},[233,113694,113695,113699,113705,113711,113717],{},[236,113696,113697],{},[380,113698,96150],{"href":97321},[236,113700,113701],{},[380,113702,3603,113703,1845],{"href":98341},[15,113704,97136],{},[236,113706,113707],{},[380,113708,3603,113709,1845],{"href":102610},[15,113710,106395],{},[236,113712,113713],{},[380,113714,3603,113715,1845],{"href":113580},[15,113716,100241],{},[236,113718,113719],{},[380,113720,100166],{"href":98899},[1944,113722,113723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":113725},[113726,113727,113729,113730,113731,113732,113734,113740,113745,113752,113753,113764],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":111821,"depth":108,"text":113728},"What set.union() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":21767,"depth":108,"text":21768},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":112308,"depth":108,"text":113733},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112466,"depth":108,"text":113735,"children":113736},"Using union() with other iterables",[113737,113738,113739],{"id":112477,"depth":115,"text":112478},{"id":112597,"depth":115,"text":112598},{"id":112739,"depth":115,"text":112740},{"id":112877,"depth":108,"text":113741,"children":113742},"union() vs update()",[113743,113744],{"id":111091,"depth":115,"text":102621},{"id":30266,"depth":115,"text":14958},{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":113746},[113747,113749,113750,113751],{"id":113084,"depth":115,"text":113748},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113252,"depth":115,"text":113253},{"id":113321,"depth":115,"text":113322},{"id":113447,"depth":115,"text":113448},{"id":113545,"depth":108,"text":113546},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":113754},[113755,113757,113759,113761,113762],{"id":113642,"depth":115,"text":113756},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113649,"depth":115,"text":113758},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113658,"depth":115,"text":113760},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113669,"depth":115,"text":113670},{"id":113676,"depth":115,"text":113763},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111701,"description":113765},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113771,"title":113772,"body":113773,"description":115662,"extension":1981,"meta":115663,"navigation":111,"path":96635,"seo":115664,"stem":115665,"__hash__":115666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113774,"toc":115628},[113775,113780,113785,113793,113795,113853,113858,113863,113867,113879,113882,113956,113961,113963,113965,113984,113986,114003,114006,114033,114035,114105,114109,114111,114117,114119,114180,114185,114187,114244,114248,114253,114318,114320,114340,114347,114351,114356,114441,114444,114451,114554,114558,114563,114621,114624,114635,114649,114656,114714,114721,114724,114734,114738,114796,114800,114866,114869,114927,114934,114941,114944,114948,114957,115026,115030,115036,115124,115134,115138,115142,115146,115149,115210,115215,115272,115276,115278,115313,115320,115322,115376,115383,115387,115390,115455,115464,115470,115527,115529,115534,115538,115542,115545,115552,115560,115564,115569,115573,115579,115581,115616,115625],[10,113776,96022,113778,18],{"id":113777},"python-set-update-method",[15,113779,14958],{},[20,113781,113782,113784],{},[15,113783,97136],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113786,113787,113788,113792],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[380,113789,113790],{"href":98322},[15,113791,96030],{},", which adds only one item.",[219,113794,3637],{"id":3636},[41,113796,113798],{"className":43,"code":113797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113799,113800,113816,113838,113848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113801,113802,113804,113806,113808,113810,113812,113814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113803,3647],{"class":56},[50,113805,61],{"class":60},[50,113807,65],{"class":64},[50,113809,3011],{"class":101},[50,113811,89],{"class":64},[50,113813,3016],{"class":101},[50,113815,105],{"class":64},[50,113817,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113819,3678],{"class":56},[50,113821,129],{"class":64},[50,113823,30266],{"class":125},[50,113825,3008],{"class":64},[50,113827,2076],{"class":101},[50,113829,89],{"class":64},[50,113831,2473],{"class":101},[50,113833,89],{"class":64},[50,113835,2479],{"class":101},[50,113837,3911],{"class":64},[50,113839,113840,113842,113844,113846],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113841,119],{"class":118},[50,113843,122],{"class":64},[50,113845,3678],{"class":125},[50,113847,414],{"class":64},[50,113849,113850],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,113851,113852],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113854,212,113855,113857],{},[15,113856,14958],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[219,113859,222,113861,225],{"id":113860},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113862,97136],{},[20,113864,113865,78],{},[15,113866,97136],{},[233,113868,113869,113872,113874,113877],{},[236,113870,113871],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[236,113873,96137],{},[236,113875,113876],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[236,113878,96140],{},[20,113880,113881],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[41,113883,113885],{"className":43,"code":113884,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113886,113887,113911,113937,113941,113951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113888,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907,113909],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113890,13084],{"class":56},[50,113892,61],{"class":60},[50,113894,65],{"class":64},[50,113896,69],{"class":68},[50,113898,13101],{"class":72},[50,113900,69],{"class":68},[50,113902,89],{"class":64},[50,113904,81],{"class":68},[50,113906,13118],{"class":72},[50,113908,69],{"class":68},[50,113910,105],{"class":64},[50,113912,113913,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113914,17495],{"class":56},[50,113916,129],{"class":64},[50,113918,30266],{"class":125},[50,113920,3008],{"class":64},[50,113922,69],{"class":68},[50,113924,13118],{"class":72},[50,113926,69],{"class":68},[50,113928,89],{"class":64},[50,113930,81],{"class":68},[50,113932,17448],{"class":72},[50,113934,69],{"class":68},[50,113936,3911],{"class":64},[50,113938,113939],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113940,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113942,113943,113945,113947,113949],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,113944,119],{"class":118},[50,113946,122],{"class":64},[50,113948,17495],{"class":125},[50,113950,414],{"class":64},[50,113952,113953],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,113954,113955],{"class":146},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113957,1423,113958,113960],{},[15,113959,110856],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[219,113962,387],{"id":386},[20,113964,7243],{},[41,113966,113968],{"className":43,"code":113967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113969,113970],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113971,113972,113974,113976,113978,113980,113982],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113973,15667],{"class":56},[50,113975,129],{"class":64},[50,113977,30266],{"class":125},[50,113979,122],{"class":64},[50,113981,3748],{"class":125},[50,113983,414],{"class":64},[20,113985,80022],{},[233,113987,113988,113991,113994,113997,114000],{},[236,113989,113990],{},"A list",[236,113992,113993],{},"A tuple",[236,113995,113996],{},"Another set",[236,113998,113999],{},"A string",[236,114001,114002],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114004,114005],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[41,114007,114009],{"className":43,"code":114008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114010,114011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114012,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114014,15667],{"class":56},[50,114016,129],{"class":64},[50,114018,30266],{"class":125},[50,114020,122],{"class":64},[50,114022,380],{"class":125},[50,114024,89],{"class":64},[50,114026,2582],{"class":125},[50,114028,89],{"class":64},[50,114030,9705],{"class":125},[50,114032,414],{"class":64},[20,114034,253],{},[41,114036,114038],{"className":43,"code":114037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114039,114040,114052,114086,114090,114100],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114041,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114043,3848],{"class":56},[50,114045,61],{"class":60},[50,114047,65],{"class":64},[50,114049,3011],{"class":101},[50,114051,105],{"class":64},[50,114053,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114055,5382],{"class":56},[50,114057,129],{"class":64},[50,114059,30266],{"class":125},[50,114061,3008],{"class":64},[50,114063,2076],{"class":101},[50,114065,89],{"class":64},[50,114067,2473],{"class":101},[50,114069,18055],{"class":64},[50,114071,9262],{"class":64},[50,114073,2527],{"class":101},[50,114075,89],{"class":64},[50,114077,4629],{"class":101},[50,114079,9259],{"class":64},[50,114081,65],{"class":64},[50,114083,80413],{"class":101},[50,114085,30298],{"class":64},[50,114087,114088],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114089,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114091,114092,114094,114096,114098],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114093,119],{"class":118},[50,114095,122],{"class":64},[50,114097,5382],{"class":125},[50,114099,414],{"class":64},[50,114101,114102],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114103,114104],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114106,96146,114107,129],{},[380,114108,96154],{"href":97705},[219,114110,21768],{"id":21767},[20,114112,114113,35,114115,129],{},[15,114114,97136],{},[15,114116,38],{},[20,114118,11728],{},[41,114120,114122],{"className":43,"code":114121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114123,114124,114140,114162,114166,114176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114125,114126,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136,114138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114127,3647],{"class":56},[50,114129,61],{"class":60},[50,114131,65],{"class":64},[50,114133,3011],{"class":101},[50,114135,89],{"class":64},[50,114137,3016],{"class":101},[50,114139,105],{"class":64},[50,114141,114142,114144,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114143,2250],{"class":56},[50,114145,61],{"class":60},[50,114147,4287],{"class":56},[50,114149,129],{"class":64},[50,114151,30266],{"class":125},[50,114153,3008],{"class":64},[50,114155,2082],{"class":101},[50,114157,89],{"class":64},[50,114159,2479],{"class":101},[50,114161,3911],{"class":64},[50,114163,114164],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114165,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114167,114168,114170,114172,114174],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114169,119],{"class":118},[50,114171,122],{"class":64},[50,114173,2285],{"class":125},[50,114175,414],{"class":64},[50,114177,114178],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114179,61649],{"class":146},[20,114181,114182,114183,129],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114184,2285],{},[20,114186,18958],{},[41,114188,114190],{"className":43,"code":114189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114191,114192,114208,114226,114230,114240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114193,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114195,3647],{"class":56},[50,114197,61],{"class":60},[50,114199,65],{"class":64},[50,114201,3011],{"class":101},[50,114203,89],{"class":64},[50,114205,3016],{"class":101},[50,114207,105],{"class":64},[50,114209,114210,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114211,3678],{"class":56},[50,114213,129],{"class":64},[50,114215,30266],{"class":125},[50,114217,3008],{"class":64},[50,114219,2082],{"class":101},[50,114221,89],{"class":64},[50,114223,2479],{"class":101},[50,114225,3911],{"class":64},[50,114227,114228],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114229,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114231,114232,114234,114236,114238],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114233,119],{"class":118},[50,114235,122],{"class":64},[50,114237,3678],{"class":125},[50,114239,414],{"class":64},[50,114241,114242],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114243,113852],{"class":146},[219,114245,114247],{"id":114246},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114249,114250,114251,129],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114252,14958],{},[41,114254,114256],{"className":43,"code":114255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114257,114258,114274,114300,114304,114314],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114259,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114261,3647],{"class":56},[50,114263,61],{"class":60},[50,114265,65],{"class":64},[50,114267,3011],{"class":101},[50,114269,89],{"class":64},[50,114271,3016],{"class":101},[50,114273,105],{"class":64},[50,114275,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114277,3678],{"class":56},[50,114279,129],{"class":64},[50,114281,30266],{"class":125},[50,114283,3008],{"class":64},[50,114285,2076],{"class":101},[50,114287,89],{"class":64},[50,114289,2473],{"class":101},[50,114291,89],{"class":64},[50,114293,2479],{"class":101},[50,114295,89],{"class":64},[50,114297,2479],{"class":101},[50,114299,3911],{"class":64},[50,114301,114302],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114303,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114305,114306,114308,114310,114312],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114307,119],{"class":118},[50,114309,122],{"class":64},[50,114311,3678],{"class":125},[50,114313,414],{"class":64},[50,114315,114316],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114317,113852],{"class":146},[20,114319,11697],{},[233,114321,114322,114327,114334],{},[236,114323,114324,114326],{},[15,114325,2076],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[236,114328,114329,1846,114331,114333],{},[15,114330,2082],{},[15,114332,2527],{}," are added",[236,114335,114336,114337,114339],{},"The second ",[15,114338,2527],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114341,114342,114343,114346],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[380,114344,114345],{"href":98899},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[219,114348,114350],{"id":114349},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114352,7788,114353,114355],{},[15,114354,14958],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[41,114357,114359],{"className":43,"code":114358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114360,114361,114382,114403,114407,114423,114427,114437],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114362,114363,114366,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114364,114365],{"class":56},"set_a ",[50,114367,61],{"class":60},[50,114369,65],{"class":64},[50,114371,3011],{"class":101},[50,114373,89],{"class":64},[50,114375,3016],{"class":101},[50,114377,89],{"class":64},[50,114379,2473],{"class":101},[50,114381,105],{"class":64},[50,114383,114384,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114385,114386],{"class":56},"set_b ",[50,114388,61],{"class":60},[50,114390,65],{"class":64},[50,114392,2082],{"class":101},[50,114394,89],{"class":64},[50,114396,2479],{"class":101},[50,114398,89],{"class":64},[50,114400,4629],{"class":101},[50,114402,105],{"class":64},[50,114404,114405],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114406,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114408,114409,114412,114414,114416,114418,114421],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114410,114411],{"class":56},"set_a",[50,114413,129],{"class":64},[50,114415,30266],{"class":125},[50,114417,122],{"class":64},[50,114419,114420],{"class":125},"set_b",[50,114422,414],{"class":64},[50,114424,114425],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114426,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114428,114429,114431,114433,114435],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,114430,119],{"class":118},[50,114432,122],{"class":64},[50,114434,114411],{"class":125},[50,114436,414],{"class":64},[50,114438,114439],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,114440,111813],{"class":146},[20,114442,114443],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114445,114446,114447,129],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[380,114448,114449],{"href":102618},[15,114450,107865],{},[41,114452,114454],{"className":43,"code":114453,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114455,114456,114476,114496,114500,114520,114524,114535,114539,114549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114457,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114459,114365],{"class":56},[50,114461,61],{"class":60},[50,114463,65],{"class":64},[50,114465,3011],{"class":101},[50,114467,89],{"class":64},[50,114469,3016],{"class":101},[50,114471,89],{"class":64},[50,114473,2473],{"class":101},[50,114475,105],{"class":64},[50,114477,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492,114494],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114479,114386],{"class":56},[50,114481,61],{"class":60},[50,114483,65],{"class":64},[50,114485,2082],{"class":101},[50,114487,89],{"class":64},[50,114489,2479],{"class":101},[50,114491,89],{"class":64},[50,114493,4629],{"class":101},[50,114495,105],{"class":64},[50,114497,114498],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114499,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114501,114502,114505,114507,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114503,114504],{"class":56},"combined ",[50,114506,61],{"class":60},[50,114508,114509],{"class":56}," set_a",[50,114511,129],{"class":64},[50,114513,111091],{"class":125},[50,114515,122],{"class":64},[50,114517,114420],{"class":125},[50,114519,414],{"class":64},[50,114521,114522],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114523,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114525,114526,114528,114530,114533],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,114527,119],{"class":118},[50,114529,122],{"class":64},[50,114531,114532],{"class":125},"combined",[50,114534,414],{"class":64},[50,114536,114537],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,114538,111813],{"class":146},[50,114540,114541,114543,114545,114547],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,114542,119],{"class":118},[50,114544,122],{"class":64},[50,114546,114411],{"class":125},[50,114548,414],{"class":64},[50,114550,114551],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,114552,114553],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[219,114555,114557],{"id":114556},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114559,64558,114560,114562],{},[15,114561,14958],{}," adds each character separately.",[41,114564,114566],{"className":43,"code":114565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114567,114568,114584,114602,114606,114616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114569,114570,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114571,35897],{"class":56},[50,114573,61],{"class":60},[50,114575,65],{"class":64},[50,114577,69],{"class":68},[50,114579,2194],{"class":72},[50,114581,69],{"class":68},[50,114583,105],{"class":64},[50,114585,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114587,35950],{"class":56},[50,114589,129],{"class":64},[50,114591,30266],{"class":125},[50,114593,122],{"class":64},[50,114595,69],{"class":68},[50,114597,36855],{"class":72},[50,114599,69],{"class":68},[50,114601,414],{"class":64},[50,114603,114604],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114605,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114607,114608,114610,114612,114614],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114609,119],{"class":118},[50,114611,122],{"class":64},[50,114613,35950],{"class":125},[50,114615,414],{"class":64},[50,114617,114618],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114619,114620],{"class":146},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114622,114623],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114625,114626,14059,114629,114631,114632,114634],{},[15,114627,114628],{},"update(\"cat\")",[997,114630,1262],{}," add ",[15,114633,112858],{}," as one item. It adds:",[233,114636,114637,114641,114645],{},[236,114638,114639],{},[15,114640,66300],{},[236,114642,114643],{},[15,114644,18089],{},[236,114646,114647],{},[15,114648,112874],{},[20,114650,114651,114652,78],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[380,114653,114654],{"href":98322},[15,114655,96030],{},[41,114657,114659],{"className":43,"code":114658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114660,114661,114677,114695,114699,114709],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114662,114663,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114664,4093],{"class":56},[50,114666,61],{"class":60},[50,114668,65],{"class":64},[50,114670,69],{"class":68},[50,114672,57944],{"class":72},[50,114674,69],{"class":68},[50,114676,105],{"class":64},[50,114678,114679,114681,114683,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114680,4137],{"class":56},[50,114682,129],{"class":64},[50,114684,81925],{"class":125},[50,114686,122],{"class":64},[50,114688,69],{"class":68},[50,114690,36855],{"class":72},[50,114692,69],{"class":68},[50,114694,414],{"class":64},[50,114696,114697],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114698,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114700,114701,114703,114705,114707],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114702,119],{"class":118},[50,114704,122],{"class":64},[50,114706,4137],{"class":125},[50,114708,414],{"class":64},[50,114710,114711],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114712,114713],{"class":146},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[219,114715,114717,10608,114719],{"id":114716},"update-vs-add",[15,114718,14958],{},[15,114720,96025],{},[20,114722,114723],{},"The difference is simple:",[233,114725,114726,114730],{},[236,114727,114728,96624],{},[15,114729,96025],{},[236,114731,114732,96629],{},[15,114733,14958],{},[20,114735,45853,114736,78],{},[15,114737,96025],{},[41,114739,114741],{"className":43,"code":114740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114742,114743,114759,114777,114781,114791],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114744,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114746,36046],{"class":56},[50,114748,61],{"class":60},[50,114750,65],{"class":64},[50,114752,69],{"class":68},[50,114754,4102],{"class":72},[50,114756,69],{"class":68},[50,114758,105],{"class":64},[50,114760,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114762,36098],{"class":56},[50,114764,129],{"class":64},[50,114766,81925],{"class":125},[50,114768,122],{"class":64},[50,114770,69],{"class":68},[50,114772,4111],{"class":72},[50,114774,69],{"class":68},[50,114776,414],{"class":64},[50,114778,114779],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114780,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114782,114783,114785,114787,114789],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114784,119],{"class":118},[50,114786,122],{"class":64},[50,114788,36098],{"class":125},[50,114790,414],{"class":64},[50,114792,114793],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114794,114795],{"class":146},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114797,45853,114798,78],{},[15,114799,14958],{},[41,114801,114803],{"className":43,"code":114802,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114804,114805,114821,114847,114851,114861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114806,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815,114817,114819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114808,36046],{"class":56},[50,114810,61],{"class":60},[50,114812,65],{"class":64},[50,114814,69],{"class":68},[50,114816,4102],{"class":72},[50,114818,69],{"class":68},[50,114820,105],{"class":64},[50,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841,114843,114845],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114824,36098],{"class":56},[50,114826,129],{"class":64},[50,114828,30266],{"class":125},[50,114830,3008],{"class":64},[50,114832,69],{"class":68},[50,114834,4111],{"class":72},[50,114836,69],{"class":68},[50,114838,89],{"class":64},[50,114840,81],{"class":68},[50,114842,33024],{"class":72},[50,114844,69],{"class":68},[50,114846,3911],{"class":64},[50,114848,114849],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114850,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114852,114853,114855,114857,114859],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114854,119],{"class":118},[50,114856,122],{"class":64},[50,114858,36098],{"class":125},[50,114860,414],{"class":64},[50,114862,114863],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114864,114865],{"class":146},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114867,114868],{},"Important warning with strings:",[41,114870,114872],{"className":43,"code":114871,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114873,114874,114890,114908,114912,114922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114875,114876,114878,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114877,36046],{"class":56},[50,114879,61],{"class":60},[50,114881,65],{"class":64},[50,114883,69],{"class":68},[50,114885,4102],{"class":72},[50,114887,69],{"class":68},[50,114889,105],{"class":64},[50,114891,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900,114902,114904,114906],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114893,36098],{"class":56},[50,114895,129],{"class":64},[50,114897,30266],{"class":125},[50,114899,122],{"class":64},[50,114901,69],{"class":68},[50,114903,38150],{"class":72},[50,114905,69],{"class":68},[50,114907,414],{"class":64},[50,114909,114910],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114911,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114913,114914,114916,114918,114920],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,114915,119],{"class":118},[50,114917,122],{"class":64},[50,114919,36098],{"class":125},[50,114921,414],{"class":64},[50,114923,114924],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,114925,114926],{"class":146},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114928,61924,114929,61997,114932,6656],{},[15,114930,114931],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114933,96025],{},[219,114935,114937,10608,114939],{"id":114936},"update-vs-union",[15,114938,14958],{},[15,114940,102621],{},[20,114942,114943],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[811,114945,114946],{"id":30266},[15,114947,14958],{},[233,114949,114950,114953],{},[236,114951,114952],{},"Changes the existing set",[236,114954,241,114955],{},[15,114956,38],{},[41,114958,114960],{"className":43,"code":114959,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114961,114962,114978,114994,114998,115012,115022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114963,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974,114976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114965,2577],{"class":56},[50,114967,61],{"class":60},[50,114969,65],{"class":64},[50,114971,3011],{"class":101},[50,114973,89],{"class":64},[50,114975,3016],{"class":101},[50,114977,105],{"class":64},[50,114979,114980,114982,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114981,2605],{"class":56},[50,114983,61],{"class":60},[50,114985,65],{"class":64},[50,114987,2076],{"class":101},[50,114989,89],{"class":64},[50,114991,2473],{"class":101},[50,114993,105],{"class":64},[50,114995,114996],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114997,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114999,115000,115002,115004,115006,115008,115010],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115001,380],{"class":56},[50,115003,129],{"class":64},[50,115005,30266],{"class":125},[50,115007,122],{"class":64},[50,115009,4784],{"class":125},[50,115011,414],{"class":64},[50,115013,115014,115016,115018,115020],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115015,119],{"class":118},[50,115017,122],{"class":64},[50,115019,380],{"class":125},[50,115021,414],{"class":64},[50,115023,115024],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,115025,114553],{"class":146},[811,115027,115028],{"id":111091},[15,115029,102621],{},[233,115031,115032,115034],{},[236,115033,101159],{},[236,115035,101162],{},[41,115037,115039],{"className":43,"code":115038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115040,115041,115057,115073,115077,115095,115105,115109,115119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115042,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053,115055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115044,2577],{"class":56},[50,115046,61],{"class":60},[50,115048,65],{"class":64},[50,115050,3011],{"class":101},[50,115052,89],{"class":64},[50,115054,3016],{"class":101},[50,115056,105],{"class":64},[50,115058,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069,115071],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115060,2605],{"class":56},[50,115062,61],{"class":60},[50,115064,65],{"class":64},[50,115066,2076],{"class":101},[50,115068,89],{"class":64},[50,115070,2473],{"class":101},[50,115072,105],{"class":64},[50,115074,115075],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115076,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115078,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115080,83005],{"class":56},[50,115082,61],{"class":60},[50,115084,56704],{"class":56},[50,115086,129],{"class":64},[50,115088,111091],{"class":125},[50,115090,122],{"class":64},[50,115092,4784],{"class":125},[50,115094,414],{"class":64},[50,115096,115097,115099,115101,115103],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115098,119],{"class":118},[50,115100,122],{"class":64},[50,115102,9763],{"class":125},[50,115104,414],{"class":64},[50,115106,115107],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,115108,114553],{"class":146},[50,115110,115111,115113,115115,115117],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,115112,119],{"class":118},[50,115114,122],{"class":64},[50,115116,380],{"class":125},[50,115118,414],{"class":64},[50,115120,115121],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,115122,115123],{"class":146},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115125,107507,115126,115128,115129,115133],{},[15,115127,14958],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[380,115130,115131],{"href":102618},[15,115132,102621],{}," when you want a new set.",[219,115135,115137],{"id":115136},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115139,10767,115140,129],{},[15,115141,97136],{},[811,115143,115145],{"id":115144},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115147,115148],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[41,115150,115152],{"className":43,"code":115151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115153,115154,115170,115192,115196,115206],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115155,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115157,15629],{"class":56},[50,115159,61],{"class":60},[50,115161,65],{"class":64},[50,115163,3011],{"class":101},[50,115165,89],{"class":64},[50,115167,3016],{"class":101},[50,115169,105],{"class":64},[50,115171,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115173,2250],{"class":56},[50,115175,61],{"class":60},[50,115177,96746],{"class":56},[50,115179,129],{"class":64},[50,115181,30266],{"class":125},[50,115183,3008],{"class":64},[50,115185,2082],{"class":101},[50,115187,89],{"class":64},[50,115189,2479],{"class":101},[50,115191,3911],{"class":64},[50,115193,115194],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115195,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115197,115198,115200,115202,115204],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115199,119],{"class":118},[50,115201,122],{"class":64},[50,115203,2285],{"class":125},[50,115205,414],{"class":64},[50,115207,115208],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115209,61649],{"class":146},[20,115211,115212,115213,78],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115214,14958],{},[41,115216,115218],{"className":43,"code":115217,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115219,115220,115236,115254,115258,115268],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115221,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115223,15629],{"class":56},[50,115225,61],{"class":60},[50,115227,65],{"class":64},[50,115229,3011],{"class":101},[50,115231,89],{"class":64},[50,115233,3016],{"class":101},[50,115235,105],{"class":64},[50,115237,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115239,15667],{"class":56},[50,115241,129],{"class":64},[50,115243,30266],{"class":125},[50,115245,3008],{"class":64},[50,115247,2082],{"class":101},[50,115249,89],{"class":64},[50,115251,2479],{"class":101},[50,115253,3911],{"class":64},[50,115255,115256],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115257,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115259,115260,115262,115264,115266],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115261,119],{"class":118},[50,115263,122],{"class":64},[50,115265,15667],{"class":125},[50,115267,414],{"class":64},[50,115269,115270],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115271,113852],{"class":146},[811,115273,115275],{"id":115274},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115277,2859],{},[41,115279,115281],{"className":43,"code":115280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115282,115283,115299],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115284,115285,115287,115289,115291,115293,115295,115297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115286,15629],{"class":56},[50,115288,61],{"class":60},[50,115290,65],{"class":64},[50,115292,3011],{"class":101},[50,115294,89],{"class":64},[50,115296,3016],{"class":101},[50,115298,105],{"class":64},[50,115300,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115302,15667],{"class":56},[50,115304,129],{"class":64},[50,115306,30266],{"class":125},[50,115308,122],{"class":64},[50,115310,2157],{"class":101},[50,115312,414],{"class":64},[20,115314,62103,115315,8629,115317,115319],{},[15,115316,3029],{},[15,115318,2157],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115321,6579],{},[41,115323,115325],{"className":43,"code":115324,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115326,115327,115343,115357,115361,115371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115328,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115330,15629],{"class":56},[50,115332,61],{"class":60},[50,115334,65],{"class":64},[50,115336,3011],{"class":101},[50,115338,89],{"class":64},[50,115340,3016],{"class":101},[50,115342,105],{"class":64},[50,115344,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353,115355],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115346,15667],{"class":56},[50,115348,129],{"class":64},[50,115350,30266],{"class":125},[50,115352,3008],{"class":64},[50,115354,2157],{"class":101},[50,115356,3911],{"class":64},[50,115358,115359],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115360,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115362,115363,115365,115367,115369],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115364,119],{"class":118},[50,115366,122],{"class":64},[50,115368,15667],{"class":125},[50,115370,414],{"class":64},[50,115372,115373],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115374,115375],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115377,45726,115378,129],{},[380,115379,25479,115380],{"href":52415},[15,115381,115382],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[811,115384,115386],{"id":115385},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115388,115389],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[41,115391,115393],{"className":43,"code":115392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115394,115395,115411,115437,115441,115451],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115396,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115398,15629],{"class":56},[50,115400,61],{"class":60},[50,115402,65],{"class":64},[50,115404,3011],{"class":101},[50,115406,89],{"class":64},[50,115408,3016],{"class":101},[50,115410,105],{"class":64},[50,115412,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427,115429,115431,115433,115435],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115414,15667],{"class":56},[50,115416,129],{"class":64},[50,115418,30266],{"class":125},[50,115420,3008],{"class":64},[50,115422,2076],{"class":101},[50,115424,89],{"class":64},[50,115426,3016],{"class":101},[50,115428,89],{"class":64},[50,115430,3016],{"class":101},[50,115432,89],{"class":64},[50,115434,2473],{"class":101},[50,115436,3911],{"class":64},[50,115438,115439],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115440,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115442,115443,115445,115447,115449],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115444,119],{"class":118},[50,115446,122],{"class":64},[50,115448,15667],{"class":125},[50,115450,414],{"class":64},[50,115452,115453],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115454,114553],{"class":146},[811,115456,115458,115459,44442,115461,115463],{"id":115457},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115460,14958],{},[15,115462,96025],{}," is better",[20,115465,115466,115467,115469],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115468,96025],{}," is usually the better choice.",[41,115471,115473],{"className":43,"code":115472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115474,115475,115491,115509,115513,115523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115476,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115478,15629],{"class":56},[50,115480,61],{"class":60},[50,115482,65],{"class":64},[50,115484,69],{"class":68},[50,115486,57944],{"class":72},[50,115488,69],{"class":68},[50,115490,105],{"class":64},[50,115492,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503,115505,115507],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115494,15667],{"class":56},[50,115496,129],{"class":64},[50,115498,81925],{"class":125},[50,115500,122],{"class":64},[50,115502,69],{"class":68},[50,115504,36855],{"class":72},[50,115506,69],{"class":68},[50,115508,414],{"class":64},[50,115510,115511],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115512,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115514,115515,115517,115519,115521],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115516,119],{"class":118},[50,115518,122],{"class":64},[50,115520,15667],{"class":125},[50,115522,414],{"class":64},[50,115524,115525],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115526,114713],{"class":146},[219,115528,1857],{"id":1856},[811,115530,1861,115532,97115],{"id":115531},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115533,97136],{},[20,115535,97118,115536,129],{},[15,115537,38],{},[811,115539,28129,115540,32029],{"id":32026},[15,115541,14958],{},[20,115543,115544],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[811,115546,5202,115548,1846,115550,1867],{"id":115547},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115549,96025],{},[15,115551,14958],{},[20,115553,115554,115556,115557,115559],{},[15,115555,96025],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115558,14958],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[811,115561,115563],{"id":115562},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115565,115566,115567,114562],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115568,14958],{},[811,115570,115572],{"id":115571},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115574,212,115575,11111,115577,129],{},[15,115576,102621],{},[15,115578,14958],{},[219,115580,1909],{"id":1908},[233,115582,115583,115590,115597,115603,115609],{},[236,115584,115585],{},[380,115586,115587],{"href":98322},[15,115588,115589],{},"Python set add() method",[236,115591,115592],{},[380,115593,115594],{"href":102618},[15,115595,115596],{},"Python set union() method",[236,115598,115599],{},[380,115600,115601],{"href":97705},[15,115602,97160],{},[236,115604,115605],{},[380,115606,115607],{"href":98899},[15,115608,100166],{},[236,115610,115611],{},[380,115612,115613,115615],{"href":52415},[15,115614,115382],{}," fix",[20,115617,115618,115619,115621,115622,115624],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115620,96030],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115623,107865],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1944,115626,115627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":115629},[115630,115631,115633,115634,115635,115636,115637,115638,115640,115645,115652,115661],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":113860,"depth":108,"text":115632},"What set.update() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":21767,"depth":108,"text":21768},{"id":114246,"depth":108,"text":114247},{"id":114349,"depth":108,"text":114350},{"id":114556,"depth":108,"text":114557},{"id":114716,"depth":108,"text":115639},"update() vs add()",{"id":114936,"depth":108,"text":115641,"children":115642},"update() vs union()",[115643,115644],{"id":30266,"depth":115,"text":14958},{"id":111091,"depth":115,"text":102621},{"id":115136,"depth":108,"text":115137,"children":115646},[115647,115648,115649,115650],{"id":115144,"depth":115,"text":115145},{"id":115274,"depth":115,"text":115275},{"id":115385,"depth":115,"text":115386},{"id":115457,"depth":115,"text":115651},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":115653},[115654,115656,115657,115659,115660],{"id":115531,"depth":115,"text":115655},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32026,"depth":115,"text":32099},{"id":115547,"depth":115,"text":115658},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115562,"depth":115,"text":115563},{"id":115571,"depth":115,"text":115572},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113772,"description":115662},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115668,"title":115669,"body":115670,"description":117436,"extension":1981,"meta":117437,"navigation":111,"path":13797,"seo":117438,"stem":117439,"__hash__":117440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115671,"toc":117411},[115672,115675,115678,115681,115692,115700,115703,115705,115854,115866,115870,115887,115891,115899,115901,115912,115914,116011,116017,116020,116116,116125,116130,116134,116139,116141,116151,116153,116262,116270,116274,116277,116280,116297,116303,116383,116386,116390,116393,116397,116400,116459,116462,116466,116469,116561,116565,116568,116675,116679,116685,116713,116715,116797,116807,116811,116814,116825,116828,116913,116916,116921,116925,116928,116939,116942,117084,117087,117091,117094,117108,117111,117172,117178,117180,117183,117205,117208,117308,117311,117343,117345,117349,117352,117354,117357,117361,117364,117368,117371,117375,117378,117380,117408],[10,115673,115669],{"id":115674},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115676,115677],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115679,115680],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[233,115682,115683,115686,115689],{},[236,115684,115685],{},"a list inside another list",[236,115687,115688],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[236,115690,115691],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115693,100088,115694,1846,115696,115699],{},[997,115695,12861],{},[997,115697,115698],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115701,115702],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[219,115704,2022],{"id":2021},[41,115706,115708],{"className":43,"code":115707,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115709,115710,115717,115721,115747,115767,115787,115791,115809,115813,115826,115840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115711,115712,115714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115713,34896],{"class":1622},[50,115715,115716],{"class":56}," copy\n",[50,115718,115719],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115720,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115722,115723,115725,115727,115729,115731,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115724,12099],{"class":56},[50,115726,61],{"class":60},[50,115728,56110],{"class":64},[50,115730,3011],{"class":101},[50,115732,89],{"class":64},[50,115734,3016],{"class":101},[50,115736,18055],{"class":64},[50,115738,3652],{"class":64},[50,115740,2082],{"class":101},[50,115742,89],{"class":64},[50,115744,2479],{"class":101},[50,115746,53058],{"class":64},[50,115748,115749,115752,115754,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115750,115751],{"class":56},"shallow ",[50,115753,61],{"class":60},[50,115755,115756],{"class":56}," copy",[50,115758,129],{"class":64},[50,115760,12920],{"class":125},[50,115762,122],{"class":64},[50,115764,12146],{"class":125},[50,115766,414],{"class":64},[50,115768,115769,115772,115774,115776,115778,115781,115783,115785],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115770,115771],{"class":56},"deep ",[50,115773,61],{"class":60},[50,115775,115756],{"class":56},[50,115777,129],{"class":64},[50,115779,115780],{"class":125},"deepcopy",[50,115782,122],{"class":64},[50,115784,12146],{"class":125},[50,115786,414],{"class":64},[50,115788,115789],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,115790,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115792,115793,115795,115797,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,115794,12146],{"class":56},[50,115796,779],{"class":64},[50,115798,1215],{"class":101},[50,115800,13558],{"class":64},[50,115802,13561],{"class":125},[50,115804,122],{"class":64},[50,115806,56163],{"class":101},[50,115808,414],{"class":64},[50,115810,115811],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,115812,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115814,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,115816,119],{"class":118},[50,115818,122],{"class":64},[50,115820,12146],{"class":125},[50,115822,1206],{"class":64},[50,115824,115825],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[50,115827,115828,115830,115832,115835,115837],{"class":52,"line":6461},[50,115829,119],{"class":118},[50,115831,122],{"class":64},[50,115833,115834],{"class":125},"shallow",[50,115836,1206],{"class":64},[50,115838,115839],{"class":146},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[50,115841,115842,115844,115846,115849,115851],{"class":52,"line":11608},[50,115843,119],{"class":118},[50,115845,122],{"class":64},[50,115847,115848],{"class":125},"deep",[50,115850,1206],{"class":64},[50,115852,115853],{"class":146},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115855,212,115856,115859,115860,1846,115862,115865],{},[15,115857,115858],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[997,115861,12861],{},[15,115863,115864],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[219,115867,115869],{"id":115868},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[233,115871,115872,115875,115878,115881,115884],{},[236,115873,115874],{},"What a copy means in Python",[236,115876,115877],{},"How shallow copy works",[236,115879,115880],{},"How deep copy works",[236,115882,115883],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[236,115885,115886],{},"When to use each approach",[219,115888,115890],{"id":115889},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115892,15193,115893,115895,115896,115898],{},[997,115894,12861],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[997,115897,1262],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115900,2128],{},[233,115902,115903,115906,115909],{},[236,115904,115905],{},"the outer container is new",[236,115907,115908],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[236,115910,115911],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115913,253],{},[41,115915,115917],{"className":43,"code":115916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115918,115919,115945,115959,115963,115981,115985,115998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115920,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115922,12099],{"class":56},[50,115924,61],{"class":60},[50,115926,56110],{"class":64},[50,115928,3011],{"class":101},[50,115930,89],{"class":64},[50,115932,3016],{"class":101},[50,115934,18055],{"class":64},[50,115936,3652],{"class":64},[50,115938,2082],{"class":101},[50,115940,89],{"class":64},[50,115942,2479],{"class":101},[50,115944,53058],{"class":64},[50,115946,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115948,14317],{"class":56},[50,115950,61],{"class":60},[50,115952,12174],{"class":56},[50,115954,129],{"class":64},[50,115956,12920],{"class":125},[50,115958,8671],{"class":64},[50,115960,115961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115962,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115964,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,115966,14336],{"class":56},[50,115968,129],{"class":64},[50,115970,13561],{"class":125},[50,115972,3008],{"class":64},[50,115974,2157],{"class":101},[50,115976,89],{"class":64},[50,115978,37452],{"class":101},[50,115980,3911],{"class":64},[50,115982,115983],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,115984,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115986,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,115988,119],{"class":118},[50,115990,122],{"class":64},[50,115992,12146],{"class":125},[50,115994,1206],{"class":64},[50,115996,115997],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[50,115999,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,116001,119],{"class":118},[50,116003,122],{"class":64},[50,116005,14336],{"class":125},[50,116007,1206],{"class":64},[50,116009,116010],{"class":146},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116012,116013,116014,116016],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116015,14336],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116018,116019],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[41,116021,116023],{"className":43,"code":116022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116024,116025,116051,116065,116069,116087,116091,116103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116026,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116028,12099],{"class":56},[50,116030,61],{"class":60},[50,116032,56110],{"class":64},[50,116034,3011],{"class":101},[50,116036,89],{"class":64},[50,116038,3016],{"class":101},[50,116040,18055],{"class":64},[50,116042,3652],{"class":64},[50,116044,2082],{"class":101},[50,116046,89],{"class":64},[50,116048,2479],{"class":101},[50,116050,53058],{"class":64},[50,116052,116053,116055,116057,116059,116061,116063],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116054,14317],{"class":56},[50,116056,61],{"class":60},[50,116058,12174],{"class":56},[50,116060,129],{"class":64},[50,116062,12920],{"class":125},[50,116064,8671],{"class":64},[50,116066,116067],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116068,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116070,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116072,14336],{"class":56},[50,116074,779],{"class":64},[50,116076,1215],{"class":101},[50,116078,13558],{"class":64},[50,116080,13561],{"class":125},[50,116082,122],{"class":64},[50,116084,56163],{"class":101},[50,116086,414],{"class":64},[50,116088,116089],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,116090,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116092,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,116094,119],{"class":118},[50,116096,122],{"class":64},[50,116098,12146],{"class":125},[50,116100,1206],{"class":64},[50,116102,115825],{"class":146},[50,116104,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,116106,119],{"class":118},[50,116108,122],{"class":64},[50,116110,14336],{"class":125},[50,116112,1206],{"class":64},[50,116114,116115],{"class":146},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116117,116118,116119,1846,116121,116124],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116120,56267],{},[15,116122,116123],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116126,116127,116128,129],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[380,116129,43748],{"href":12078},[219,116131,116133],{"id":116132},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116135,15193,116136,116138],{},[997,116137,115698],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116140,2128],{},[233,116142,116143,116145,116148],{},[236,116144,115905],{},[236,116146,116147],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[236,116149,116150],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116152,253],{},[41,116154,116156],{"className":43,"code":116155,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116157,116158,116164,116168,116194,116212,116216,116234,116238,116250],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116159,116160,116162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116161,34896],{"class":1622},[50,116163,115716],{"class":56},[50,116165,116166],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116167,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116169,116170,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188,116190,116192],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116171,12099],{"class":56},[50,116173,61],{"class":60},[50,116175,56110],{"class":64},[50,116177,3011],{"class":101},[50,116179,89],{"class":64},[50,116181,3016],{"class":101},[50,116183,18055],{"class":64},[50,116185,3652],{"class":64},[50,116187,2082],{"class":101},[50,116189,89],{"class":64},[50,116191,2479],{"class":101},[50,116193,53058],{"class":64},[50,116195,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204,116206,116208,116210],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116197,14317],{"class":56},[50,116199,61],{"class":60},[50,116201,115756],{"class":56},[50,116203,129],{"class":64},[50,116205,115780],{"class":125},[50,116207,122],{"class":64},[50,116209,12146],{"class":125},[50,116211,414],{"class":64},[50,116213,116214],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,116215,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116217,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,116219,14336],{"class":56},[50,116221,779],{"class":64},[50,116223,1215],{"class":101},[50,116225,13558],{"class":64},[50,116227,13561],{"class":125},[50,116229,122],{"class":64},[50,116231,56163],{"class":101},[50,116233,414],{"class":64},[50,116235,116236],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,116237,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,116241,119],{"class":118},[50,116243,122],{"class":64},[50,116245,12146],{"class":125},[50,116247,1206],{"class":64},[50,116249,115997],{"class":146},[50,116251,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,116253,119],{"class":118},[50,116255,122],{"class":64},[50,116257,14336],{"class":125},[50,116259,1206],{"class":64},[50,116261,116115],{"class":146},[20,116263,116264,116265,116267,116268,129],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116266,116123],{}," does not change ",[15,116269,56267],{},[219,116271,116273],{"id":116272},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116275,116276],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116278,116279],{},"Common reasons:",[233,116281,116282,116285,116288,116294],{},[236,116283,116284],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[236,116286,116287],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[236,116289,116290,116291,116293],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116292,61],{}," does not make a copy",[236,116295,116296],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116298,116299,116300,116302],{},"For example, this does ",[997,116301,1262],{}," create a copy:",[41,116304,116306],{"className":43,"code":116305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116307,116308,116328,116336,116340,116354,116358,116370],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116309,116310,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116311,12099],{"class":56},[50,116313,61],{"class":60},[50,116315,3652],{"class":64},[50,116317,3011],{"class":101},[50,116319,89],{"class":64},[50,116321,3016],{"class":101},[50,116323,89],{"class":64},[50,116325,2473],{"class":101},[50,116327,788],{"class":64},[50,116329,116330,116332,116334],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116331,14317],{"class":56},[50,116333,61],{"class":60},[50,116335,12137],{"class":56},[50,116337,116338],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116339,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116341,116342,116344,116346,116348,116350,116352],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116343,14336],{"class":56},[50,116345,129],{"class":64},[50,116347,13561],{"class":125},[50,116349,122],{"class":64},[50,116351,2527],{"class":101},[50,116353,414],{"class":64},[50,116355,116356],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,116357,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116359,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,116361,119],{"class":118},[50,116363,122],{"class":64},[50,116365,12146],{"class":125},[50,116367,1206],{"class":64},[50,116369,55517],{"class":146},[50,116371,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,116373,119],{"class":118},[50,116375,122],{"class":64},[50,116377,14336],{"class":125},[50,116379,1206],{"class":64},[50,116381,116382],{"class":146},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116384,116385],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[219,116387,116389],{"id":116388},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116391,116392],{},"These three ideas are different.",[811,116394,116396],{"id":116395},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116398,116399],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[41,116401,116403],{"className":43,"code":116402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116404,116405,116431,116439,116443],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116406,116407,116409,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116408,12099],{"class":56},[50,116410,61],{"class":60},[50,116412,56110],{"class":64},[50,116414,3011],{"class":101},[50,116416,89],{"class":64},[50,116418,3016],{"class":101},[50,116420,18055],{"class":64},[50,116422,3652],{"class":64},[50,116424,2082],{"class":101},[50,116426,89],{"class":64},[50,116428,2479],{"class":101},[50,116430,53058],{"class":64},[50,116432,116433,116435,116437],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116434,14108],{"class":56},[50,116436,61],{"class":60},[50,116438,12137],{"class":56},[50,116440,116441],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116442,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116444,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116446,119],{"class":118},[50,116448,122],{"class":64},[50,116450,12099],{"class":125},[50,116452,12207],{"class":1622},[50,116454,14176],{"class":125},[50,116456,1206],{"class":64},[50,116458,1631],{"class":146},[20,116460,116461],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[811,116463,116465],{"id":116464},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116467,116468],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[41,116470,116472],{"className":43,"code":116471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116473,116474,116500,116514,116518,116535],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116475,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116477,12099],{"class":56},[50,116479,61],{"class":60},[50,116481,56110],{"class":64},[50,116483,3011],{"class":101},[50,116485,89],{"class":64},[50,116487,3016],{"class":101},[50,116489,18055],{"class":64},[50,116491,3652],{"class":64},[50,116493,2082],{"class":101},[50,116495,89],{"class":64},[50,116497,2479],{"class":101},[50,116499,53058],{"class":64},[50,116501,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116503,115751],{"class":56},[50,116505,61],{"class":60},[50,116507,12174],{"class":56},[50,116509,129],{"class":64},[50,116511,12920],{"class":125},[50,116513,8671],{"class":64},[50,116515,116516],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116517,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116519,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528,116531,116533],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116521,119],{"class":118},[50,116523,122],{"class":64},[50,116525,12099],{"class":125},[50,116527,12207],{"class":1622},[50,116529,116530],{"class":125}," shallow",[50,116532,1206],{"class":64},[50,116534,1652],{"class":146},[50,116536,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,116538,119],{"class":118},[50,116540,122],{"class":64},[50,116542,12146],{"class":125},[50,116544,779],{"class":64},[50,116546,1215],{"class":101},[50,116548,13281],{"class":64},[50,116550,8122],{"class":1622},[50,116552,116530],{"class":125},[50,116554,779],{"class":64},[50,116556,1215],{"class":101},[50,116558,872],{"class":64},[50,116560,1631],{"class":146},[811,116562,116564],{"id":116563},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116566,116567],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[41,116569,116571],{"className":43,"code":116570,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116572,116573,116579,116583,116609,116627,116631,116649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116574,116575,116577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116576,34896],{"class":1622},[50,116578,115716],{"class":56},[50,116580,116581],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116582,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116584,116585,116587,116589,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116586,12099],{"class":56},[50,116588,61],{"class":60},[50,116590,56110],{"class":64},[50,116592,3011],{"class":101},[50,116594,89],{"class":64},[50,116596,3016],{"class":101},[50,116598,18055],{"class":64},[50,116600,3652],{"class":64},[50,116602,2082],{"class":101},[50,116604,89],{"class":64},[50,116606,2479],{"class":101},[50,116608,53058],{"class":64},[50,116610,116611,116613,116615,116617,116619,116621,116623,116625],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116612,115771],{"class":56},[50,116614,61],{"class":60},[50,116616,115756],{"class":56},[50,116618,129],{"class":64},[50,116620,115780],{"class":125},[50,116622,122],{"class":64},[50,116624,12146],{"class":125},[50,116626,414],{"class":64},[50,116628,116629],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,116630,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116632,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116644,116646],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,116634,119],{"class":118},[50,116636,122],{"class":64},[50,116638,12099],{"class":125},[50,116640,12207],{"class":1622},[50,116642,116643],{"class":125}," deep",[50,116645,1206],{"class":64},[50,116647,116648],{"class":146},"         # False\n",[50,116650,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,116652,119],{"class":118},[50,116654,122],{"class":64},[50,116656,12146],{"class":125},[50,116658,779],{"class":64},[50,116660,1215],{"class":101},[50,116662,13281],{"class":64},[50,116664,8122],{"class":1622},[50,116666,116643],{"class":125},[50,116668,779],{"class":64},[50,116670,1215],{"class":101},[50,116672,872],{"class":64},[50,116674,43684],{"class":146},[219,116676,116678],{"id":116677},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116680,116681,116682,78],{},"These all make ",[997,116683,116684],{},"shallow copies",[233,116686,116687,116691,116695,116700,116706],{},[236,116688,116689],{},[15,116690,55417],{},[236,116692,116693],{},[15,116694,12448],{},[236,116696,116697],{},[15,116698,116699],{},"set.copy()",[236,116701,116702,116703],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116704,116705],{},"my_list[:]",[236,116707,116708,116710,116711,34886],{},[15,116709,115858],{}," from the ",[15,116712,12920],{},[20,116714,2146],{},[41,116716,116718],{"className":43,"code":116717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116719,116720,116740,116744,116758,116769,116773,116785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116721,116722,116724,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116723,3647],{"class":56},[50,116725,61],{"class":60},[50,116727,3652],{"class":64},[50,116729,3011],{"class":101},[50,116731,89],{"class":64},[50,116733,3016],{"class":101},[50,116735,89],{"class":64},[50,116737,2473],{"class":101},[50,116739,788],{"class":64},[50,116741,116742],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116743,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116745,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116747,2577],{"class":56},[50,116749,61],{"class":60},[50,116751,4287],{"class":56},[50,116753,129],{"class":64},[50,116755,12920],{"class":125},[50,116757,8671],{"class":64},[50,116759,116760,116762,116764,116766],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116761,2605],{"class":56},[50,116763,61],{"class":60},[50,116765,4287],{"class":56},[50,116767,116768],{"class":64},"[:]\n",[50,116770,116771],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,116772,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116774,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,116776,119],{"class":118},[50,116778,122],{"class":64},[50,116780,380],{"class":125},[50,116782,1206],{"class":64},[50,116784,54748],{"class":146},[50,116786,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,116788,119],{"class":118},[50,116790,122],{"class":64},[50,116792,4784],{"class":125},[50,116794,1206],{"class":64},[50,116796,54748],{"class":146},[20,116798,72959,116799,47347,116803,129],{},[380,116800,116801,1845],{"href":54776},[15,116802,55417],{},[380,116804,116805,1845],{"href":12445},[15,116806,12448],{},[219,116808,116810],{"id":116809},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116812,116813],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[233,116815,116816,116819,116822],{},[236,116817,116818],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[236,116820,116821],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[236,116823,116824],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116826,116827],{},"Example with a flat list:",[41,116829,116831],{"className":43,"code":116830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116832,116833,116853,116867,116871,116885,116889,116901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116834,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116836,12099],{"class":56},[50,116838,61],{"class":60},[50,116840,3652],{"class":64},[50,116842,3011],{"class":101},[50,116844,89],{"class":64},[50,116846,3016],{"class":101},[50,116848,89],{"class":64},[50,116850,2473],{"class":101},[50,116852,788],{"class":64},[50,116854,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116856,14317],{"class":56},[50,116858,61],{"class":60},[50,116860,12174],{"class":56},[50,116862,129],{"class":64},[50,116864,12920],{"class":125},[50,116866,8671],{"class":64},[50,116868,116869],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116870,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116872,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116874,14336],{"class":56},[50,116876,129],{"class":64},[50,116878,13561],{"class":125},[50,116880,122],{"class":64},[50,116882,2527],{"class":101},[50,116884,414],{"class":64},[50,116886,116887],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,116888,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116890,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,116892,119],{"class":118},[50,116894,122],{"class":64},[50,116896,12146],{"class":125},[50,116898,1206],{"class":64},[50,116900,54748],{"class":146},[50,116902,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,116904,119],{"class":118},[50,116906,122],{"class":64},[50,116908,14336],{"class":125},[50,116910,1206],{"class":64},[50,116912,116382],{"class":146},[20,116914,116915],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116917,116918,116919,129],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[380,116920,14892],{"href":57036},[219,116922,116924],{"id":116923},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116926,116927],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[233,116929,116930,116933,116936],{},[236,116931,116932],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[236,116934,116935],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[236,116937,116938],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116940,116941],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[41,116943,116945],{"className":43,"code":116944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116946,116947,116953,116957,116983,116997,117015,117019,117041,117045,117058,117071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116948,116949,116951],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116950,34896],{"class":1622},[50,116952,115716],{"class":56},[50,116954,116955],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116956,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116958,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977,116979,116981],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116960,12099],{"class":56},[50,116962,61],{"class":60},[50,116964,65],{"class":64},[50,116966,69],{"class":68},[50,116968,16390],{"class":72},[50,116970,69],{"class":68},[50,116972,78],{"class":64},[50,116974,3652],{"class":64},[50,116976,2352],{"class":101},[50,116978,89],{"class":64},[50,116980,7816],{"class":101},[50,116982,13713],{"class":64},[50,116984,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,116986,115751],{"class":56},[50,116988,61],{"class":60},[50,116990,12174],{"class":56},[50,116992,129],{"class":64},[50,116994,12920],{"class":125},[50,116996,8671],{"class":64},[50,116998,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,117000,115771],{"class":56},[50,117002,61],{"class":60},[50,117004,115756],{"class":56},[50,117006,129],{"class":64},[50,117008,115780],{"class":125},[50,117010,122],{"class":64},[50,117012,12146],{"class":125},[50,117014,414],{"class":64},[50,117016,117017],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,117018,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117020,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,117022,12146],{"class":56},[50,117024,779],{"class":64},[50,117026,69],{"class":68},[50,117028,16390],{"class":72},[50,117030,69],{"class":68},[50,117032,13558],{"class":64},[50,117034,13561],{"class":125},[50,117036,122],{"class":64},[50,117038,36649],{"class":101},[50,117040,414],{"class":64},[50,117042,117043],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,117044,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117046,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,117048,119],{"class":118},[50,117050,122],{"class":64},[50,117052,12146],{"class":125},[50,117054,1206],{"class":64},[50,117056,117057],{"class":146},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[50,117059,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068],{"class":52,"line":6461},[50,117061,119],{"class":118},[50,117063,122],{"class":64},[50,117065,115834],{"class":125},[50,117067,1206],{"class":64},[50,117069,117070],{"class":146},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[50,117072,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081],{"class":52,"line":11608},[50,117074,119],{"class":118},[50,117076,122],{"class":64},[50,117078,115848],{"class":125},[50,117080,1206],{"class":64},[50,117082,117083],{"class":146},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117085,117086],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[219,117088,117090],{"id":117089},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117092,117093],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[233,117095,117096,117099,117102,117105],{},[236,117097,117098],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[236,117100,117101],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[236,117103,117104],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[236,117106,117107],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117109,117110],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[41,117112,117114],{"className":43,"code":117113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117115,117116,117124,117132,117136,117144,117148,117160],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117117,117118,117120,117122],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117119,2577],{"class":56},[50,117121,61],{"class":60},[50,117123,2610],{"class":101},[50,117125,117126,117128,117130],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117127,2605],{"class":56},[50,117129,61],{"class":60},[50,117131,35982],{"class":56},[50,117133,117134],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117135,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117137,117138,117140,117142],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,117139,2605],{"class":56},[50,117141,61],{"class":60},[50,117143,14619],{"class":101},[50,117145,117146],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,117147,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117149,117150,117152,117154,117156,117158],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,117151,119],{"class":118},[50,117153,122],{"class":64},[50,117155,380],{"class":125},[50,117157,1206],{"class":64},[50,117159,26595],{"class":146},[50,117161,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,117163,119],{"class":118},[50,117165,122],{"class":64},[50,117167,4784],{"class":125},[50,117169,1206],{"class":64},[50,117171,27416],{"class":146},[20,117173,93330,117174,117177],{},[380,117175,117176],{"href":12078},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[219,117179,1663],{"id":1662},[20,117181,117182],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[233,117184,117185,117189,117194,117199,117202],{},[236,117186,8444,117187,56600],{},[15,117188,61],{},[236,117190,8444,117191,117193],{},[15,117192,55417],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[236,117195,8444,117196,117198],{},[15,117197,12448],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[236,117200,117201],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[236,117203,117204],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117206,117207],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[41,117209,117211],{"className":43,"code":117210,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117212,117213,117227,117241,117263,117294],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117214,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117216,119],{"class":118},[50,117218,122],{"class":64},[50,117220,12099],{"class":125},[50,117222,12207],{"class":1622},[50,117224,14390],{"class":125},[50,117226,414],{"class":64},[50,117228,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117230,119],{"class":118},[50,117232,122],{"class":64},[50,117234,12099],{"class":125},[50,117236,4712],{"class":60},[50,117238,14390],{"class":125},[50,117240,414],{"class":64},[50,117242,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117244,119],{"class":118},[50,117246,122],{"class":64},[50,117248,12661],{"class":118},[50,117250,122],{"class":64},[50,117252,12146],{"class":125},[50,117254,9259],{"class":64},[50,117256,14821],{"class":118},[50,117258,122],{"class":64},[50,117260,14336],{"class":125},[50,117262,1770],{"class":64},[50,117264,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,117266,119],{"class":118},[50,117268,122],{"class":64},[50,117270,12661],{"class":118},[50,117272,122],{"class":64},[50,117274,12146],{"class":125},[50,117276,779],{"class":64},[50,117278,1215],{"class":101},[50,117280,117281],{"class":64},"]),",[50,117283,14821],{"class":118},[50,117285,122],{"class":64},[50,117287,14336],{"class":125},[50,117289,779],{"class":64},[50,117291,1215],{"class":101},[50,117293,3023],{"class":64},[50,117295,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,117297,119],{"class":118},[50,117299,122],{"class":64},[50,117301,1780],{"class":1779},[50,117303,122],{"class":64},[50,117305,12146],{"class":125},[50,117307,1770],{"class":64},[20,117309,117310],{},"What they tell you:",[233,117312,117313,117318,117323,117328,117338],{},[236,117314,117315,117317],{},[15,117316,12207],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[236,117319,117320,117322],{},[15,117321,4712],{}," checks whether values are equal",[236,117324,117325,117327],{},[15,117326,43300],{}," shows the identity of an object",[236,117329,117330,117331,1846,117334,117337],{},"comparing ",[15,117332,117333],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117335,117336],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[236,117339,117340,117342],{},[15,117341,2323],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[219,117344,1857],{"id":1856},[811,117346,117348],{"id":117347},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117350,117351],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[811,117353,57086],{"id":57001},[20,117355,117356],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[811,117358,117360],{"id":117359},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117362,117363],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[811,117365,117367],{"id":117366},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117369,117370],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[811,117372,117374],{"id":117373},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117376,117377],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[219,117379,1909],{"id":1908},[233,117381,117382,117387,117393,117399,117403],{},[236,117383,117384],{},[380,117385,117386],{"href":12078},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[236,117388,117389],{},[380,117390,3603,117391,1845],{"href":54776},[15,117392,55417],{},[236,117394,117395],{},[380,117396,3603,117397,1845],{"href":12445},[15,117398,12448],{},[236,117400,117401],{},[380,117402,14969],{"href":57036},[236,117404,117405],{},[380,117406,117407],{"href":58311},"What is a list in Python?",[1944,117409,117410],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":117412},[117413,117414,117415,117416,117417,117418,117423,117424,117425,117426,117427,117428,117435],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":115868,"depth":108,"text":115869},{"id":115889,"depth":108,"text":115890},{"id":116132,"depth":108,"text":116133},{"id":116272,"depth":108,"text":116273},{"id":116388,"depth":108,"text":116389,"children":117419},[117420,117421,117422],{"id":116395,"depth":115,"text":116396},{"id":116464,"depth":115,"text":116465},{"id":116563,"depth":115,"text":116564},{"id":116677,"depth":108,"text":116678},{"id":116809,"depth":108,"text":116810},{"id":116923,"depth":108,"text":116924},{"id":117089,"depth":108,"text":117090},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":117429},[117430,117431,117432,117433,117434],{"id":117347,"depth":115,"text":117348},{"id":57001,"depth":115,"text":57086},{"id":117359,"depth":115,"text":117360},{"id":117366,"depth":115,"text":117367},{"id":117373,"depth":115,"text":117374},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115669,"description":117436},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117442,"title":117443,"body":117444,"description":119301,"extension":1981,"meta":119302,"navigation":111,"path":119303,"seo":119304,"stem":119305,"__hash__":119306},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117445,"toc":119259},[117446,117451,117456,117464,117466,117534,117539,117544,117559,117562,117564,117595,117597,117617,117620,117635,117637,117640,117713,117715,117760,117762,117773,117778,117782,117787,117790,117829,117831,117851,117854,117911,117913,117948,117951,117990,117992,118012,118015,118046,118048,118104,118106,118111,118182,118184,118217,118222,118227,118292,118294,118331,118334,118411,118413,118473,118480,118485,118488,118491,118572,118574,118615,118620,118623,118701,118703,118736,118745,118752,118755,118766,118769,118780,118784,118792,118801,118805,118810,118814,118819,118862,118865,118871,118874,118876,118923,118928,118932,118935,118984,118986,119007,119010,119012,119037,119040,119161,119166,119168,119173,119176,119181,119184,119192,119197,119204,119207,119215,119218,119220,119256],[10,117447,3603,117449,3607],{"id":117448},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117450,74243],{},[20,117452,117453,117455],{},[15,117454,74243],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117457,117458,117459,32,117461,117463],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117460,77686],{},[15,117462,74243],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[219,117465,3637],{"id":3636},[41,117467,117469],{"className":43,"code":117468,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117470,117471,117491,117505,117509,117521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117472,117473,117475,117477,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487,117489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117474,3647],{"class":56},[50,117476,61],{"class":60},[50,117478,3652],{"class":64},[50,117480,2082],{"class":101},[50,117482,89],{"class":64},[50,117484,5521],{"class":101},[50,117486,89],{"class":64},[50,117488,3016],{"class":101},[50,117490,788],{"class":64},[50,117492,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117494,2250],{"class":56},[50,117496,61],{"class":60},[50,117498,74377],{"class":118},[50,117500,122],{"class":64},[50,117502,3678],{"class":125},[50,117504,414],{"class":64},[50,117506,117507],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117508,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117510,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,117512,119],{"class":118},[50,117514,122],{"class":64},[50,117516,2285],{"class":125},[50,117518,1206],{"class":64},[50,117520,55504],{"class":146},[50,117522,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,117524,119],{"class":118},[50,117526,122],{"class":64},[50,117528,3678],{"class":125},[50,117530,1206],{"class":64},[50,117532,117533],{"class":146},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117535,117536,117538],{},[15,117537,74243],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[219,117540,222,117542,225],{"id":117541},"what-sorted-does",[15,117543,74243],{},[233,117545,117546,117550,117553,117556],{},[236,117547,117548,62744],{},[15,117549,74243],{},[236,117551,117552],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[236,117554,117555],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[236,117557,117558],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117560,117561],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[219,117563,387],{"id":386},[41,117565,117567],{"className":43,"code":117566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117568,117569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117570,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117572,74333],{"class":118},[50,117574,122],{"class":64},[50,117576,3748],{"class":125},[50,117578,89],{"class":64},[50,117580,21377],{"class":9202},[50,117582,61],{"class":60},[50,117584,38],{"class":1494},[50,117586,89],{"class":64},[50,117588,77889],{"class":9202},[50,117590,61],{"class":60},[50,117592,3702],{"class":1494},[50,117594,414],{"class":64},[811,117596,17387],{"id":17386},[233,117598,117599,117604,117609],{},[236,117600,117601,117603],{},[15,117602,3748],{},": the values to sort",[236,117605,117606,117608],{},[15,117607,411],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[236,117610,117611,117613,117614,117616],{},[15,117612,73396],{},": set to ",[15,117615,3632],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117618,117619],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[41,117621,117623],{"className":43,"code":117622,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117624,117625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117626,117627,117629,117631,117633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117628,74333],{"class":118},[50,117630,122],{"class":64},[50,117632,60125],{"class":125},[50,117634,414],{"class":64},[219,117636,11490],{"id":11489},[20,117638,117639],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[41,117641,117643],{"className":43,"code":117642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117644,117645,117669,117673,117688,117692,117703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117646,117647,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665,117667],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117648,3647],{"class":56},[50,117650,61],{"class":60},[50,117652,3652],{"class":64},[50,117654,2157],{"class":101},[50,117656,89],{"class":64},[50,117658,3016],{"class":101},[50,117660,89],{"class":64},[50,117662,1158],{"class":101},[50,117664,89],{"class":64},[50,117666,5521],{"class":101},[50,117668,788],{"class":64},[50,117670,117671],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117672,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117674,117675,117678,117680,117682,117684,117686],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117676,117677],{"class":56},"sorted_numbers ",[50,117679,61],{"class":60},[50,117681,74377],{"class":118},[50,117683,122],{"class":64},[50,117685,3678],{"class":125},[50,117687,414],{"class":64},[50,117689,117690],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,117691,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117693,117694,117696,117698,117701],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,117695,119],{"class":118},[50,117697,122],{"class":64},[50,117699,117700],{"class":125},"sorted_numbers",[50,117702,414],{"class":64},[50,117704,117705,117707,117709,117711],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,117706,119],{"class":118},[50,117708,122],{"class":64},[50,117710,3678],{"class":125},[50,117712,414],{"class":64},[20,117714,2091],{},[41,117716,117718],{"className":43,"code":117717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117719,117720,117740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117721,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117723,779],{"class":64},[50,117725,3011],{"class":101},[50,117727,89],{"class":64},[50,117729,3016],{"class":101},[50,117731,89],{"class":64},[50,117733,4629],{"class":101},[50,117735,89],{"class":64},[50,117737,1158],{"class":101},[50,117739,788],{"class":64},[50,117741,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117743,779],{"class":64},[50,117745,2157],{"class":101},[50,117747,89],{"class":64},[50,117749,3016],{"class":101},[50,117751,89],{"class":64},[50,117753,1158],{"class":101},[50,117755,89],{"class":64},[50,117757,5521],{"class":101},[50,117759,788],{"class":64},[20,117761,13770],{},[233,117763,117764,117769],{},[236,117765,117766,117768],{},[15,117767,117700],{}," is a new sorted list",[236,117770,117771,112305],{},[15,117772,3678],{},[20,117774,117775,117776,129],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[380,117777,78196],{"href":78195},[219,117779,117781],{"id":117780},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117783,117784,117786],{},[15,117785,74243],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[811,117788,117789],{"id":8119},"List",[41,117791,117793],{"className":43,"code":117792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117794,117795,117815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117796,117797,117799,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117798,3647],{"class":56},[50,117800,61],{"class":60},[50,117802,3652],{"class":64},[50,117804,2082],{"class":101},[50,117806,89],{"class":64},[50,117808,5521],{"class":101},[50,117810,89],{"class":64},[50,117812,3016],{"class":101},[50,117814,788],{"class":64},[50,117816,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117818,119],{"class":118},[50,117820,122],{"class":64},[50,117822,74333],{"class":118},[50,117824,122],{"class":64},[50,117826,3678],{"class":125},[50,117828,1770],{"class":64},[20,117830,2091],{},[41,117832,117833],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117834,117835],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117836,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117838,779],{"class":64},[50,117840,3011],{"class":101},[50,117842,89],{"class":64},[50,117844,3016],{"class":101},[50,117846,89],{"class":64},[50,117848,2473],{"class":101},[50,117850,788],{"class":64},[811,117852,117853],{"id":48767},"Tuple",[41,117855,117857],{"className":43,"code":117856,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117858,117859,117879,117893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117860,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117862,3848],{"class":56},[50,117864,61],{"class":60},[50,117866,9262],{"class":64},[50,117868,2082],{"class":101},[50,117870,89],{"class":64},[50,117872,5521],{"class":101},[50,117874,89],{"class":64},[50,117876,3016],{"class":101},[50,117878,414],{"class":64},[50,117880,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117882,119],{"class":118},[50,117884,122],{"class":64},[50,117886,74333],{"class":118},[50,117888,122],{"class":64},[50,117890,5382],{"class":125},[50,117892,1770],{"class":64},[50,117894,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117896,119],{"class":118},[50,117898,122],{"class":64},[50,117900,1780],{"class":1779},[50,117902,122],{"class":64},[50,117904,74333],{"class":118},[50,117906,122],{"class":64},[50,117908,5382],{"class":125},[50,117910,1799],{"class":64},[20,117912,2091],{},[41,117914,117916],{"className":43,"code":117915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117917,117918,117934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117919,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117921,779],{"class":64},[50,117923,3011],{"class":101},[50,117925,89],{"class":64},[50,117927,3016],{"class":101},[50,117929,89],{"class":64},[50,117931,2473],{"class":101},[50,117933,788],{"class":64},[50,117935,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117937,3315],{"class":60},[50,117939,3318],{"class":2085},[50,117941,3321],{"class":68},[50,117943,8119],{"class":72},[50,117945,1736],{"class":68},[50,117947,3328],{"class":60},[811,117949,117950],{"id":6311},"Set",[41,117952,117954],{"className":43,"code":117953,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117955,117956,117976],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117957,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117959,3848],{"class":56},[50,117961,61],{"class":60},[50,117963,65],{"class":64},[50,117965,2082],{"class":101},[50,117967,89],{"class":64},[50,117969,5521],{"class":101},[50,117971,89],{"class":64},[50,117973,3016],{"class":101},[50,117975,105],{"class":64},[50,117977,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117979,119],{"class":118},[50,117981,122],{"class":64},[50,117983,74333],{"class":118},[50,117985,122],{"class":64},[50,117987,5382],{"class":125},[50,117989,1770],{"class":64},[20,117991,2091],{},[41,117993,117994],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117995,117996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117997,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117999,779],{"class":64},[50,118001,3011],{"class":101},[50,118003,89],{"class":64},[50,118005,3016],{"class":101},[50,118007,89],{"class":64},[50,118009,2473],{"class":101},[50,118011,788],{"class":64},[811,118013,118014],{"id":60992},"String",[41,118016,118018],{"className":43,"code":118017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118019,118020,118032],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118021,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118023,34492],{"class":56},[50,118025,61],{"class":60},[50,118027,81],{"class":68},[50,118029,45],{"class":72},[50,118031,3384],{"class":68},[50,118033,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118035,119],{"class":118},[50,118037,122],{"class":64},[50,118039,74333],{"class":118},[50,118041,122],{"class":64},[50,118043,34513],{"class":125},[50,118045,1770],{"class":64},[20,118047,2091],{},[41,118049,118050],{"className":43,"code":79213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118051,118052],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118053,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118055,779],{"class":64},[50,118057,1736],{"class":68},[50,118059,60256],{"class":72},[50,118061,1736],{"class":68},[50,118063,89],{"class":64},[50,118065,3321],{"class":68},[50,118067,75849],{"class":72},[50,118069,1736],{"class":68},[50,118071,89],{"class":64},[50,118073,3321],{"class":68},[50,118075,60291],{"class":72},[50,118077,1736],{"class":68},[50,118079,89],{"class":64},[50,118081,3321],{"class":68},[50,118083,20],{"class":72},[50,118085,1736],{"class":68},[50,118087,89],{"class":64},[50,118089,3321],{"class":68},[50,118091,63105],{"class":72},[50,118093,1736],{"class":68},[50,118095,89],{"class":64},[50,118097,3321],{"class":68},[50,118099,11759],{"class":72},[50,118101,1736],{"class":68},[50,118103,788],{"class":64},[811,118105,29024],{"id":402},[20,118107,63358,118108,118110],{},[15,118109,74243],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[41,118112,118114],{"className":43,"code":118113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118115,118116,118168],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118117,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118119,57],{"class":56},[50,118121,61],{"class":60},[50,118123,65],{"class":64},[50,118125,69],{"class":68},[50,118127,73],{"class":72},[50,118129,69],{"class":68},[50,118131,78],{"class":64},[50,118133,81],{"class":68},[50,118135,84],{"class":72},[50,118137,69],{"class":68},[50,118139,89],{"class":64},[50,118141,81],{"class":68},[50,118143,94],{"class":72},[50,118145,69],{"class":68},[50,118147,78],{"class":64},[50,118149,7816],{"class":101},[50,118151,89],{"class":64},[50,118153,81],{"class":68},[50,118155,167],{"class":72},[50,118157,69],{"class":68},[50,118159,78],{"class":64},[50,118161,81],{"class":68},[50,118163,16032],{"class":72},[50,118165,69],{"class":68},[50,118167,105],{"class":64},[50,118169,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118171,119],{"class":118},[50,118173,122],{"class":64},[50,118175,74333],{"class":118},[50,118177,122],{"class":64},[50,118179,126],{"class":125},[50,118181,1770],{"class":64},[20,118183,2091],{},[41,118185,118187],{"className":43,"code":118186,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118188,118189],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118190,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118192,779],{"class":64},[50,118194,1736],{"class":68},[50,118196,94],{"class":72},[50,118198,1736],{"class":68},[50,118200,89],{"class":64},[50,118202,3321],{"class":68},[50,118204,167],{"class":72},[50,118206,1736],{"class":68},[50,118208,89],{"class":64},[50,118210,3321],{"class":68},[50,118212,73],{"class":72},[50,118214,1736],{"class":68},[50,118216,788],{"class":64},[219,118218,8444,118220],{"id":118219},"using-reversetrue",[15,118221,77910],{},[20,118223,212,118224,118226],{},[15,118225,77910],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[41,118228,118230],{"className":43,"code":118229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118231,118232,118252,118256,118270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118233,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118235,3647],{"class":56},[50,118237,61],{"class":60},[50,118239,3652],{"class":64},[50,118241,2082],{"class":101},[50,118243,89],{"class":64},[50,118245,5521],{"class":101},[50,118247,89],{"class":64},[50,118249,3016],{"class":101},[50,118251,788],{"class":64},[50,118253,118254],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118255,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118257,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118259,119],{"class":118},[50,118261,122],{"class":64},[50,118263,74333],{"class":118},[50,118265,122],{"class":64},[50,118267,3678],{"class":125},[50,118269,1770],{"class":64},[50,118271,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,118273,119],{"class":118},[50,118275,122],{"class":64},[50,118277,74333],{"class":118},[50,118279,122],{"class":64},[50,118281,3678],{"class":125},[50,118283,89],{"class":64},[50,118285,77889],{"class":9202},[50,118287,61],{"class":60},[50,118289,3632],{"class":1494},[50,118291,1770],{"class":64},[20,118293,2091],{},[41,118295,118297],{"className":43,"code":118296,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118298,118299,118315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118300,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118302,779],{"class":64},[50,118304,3011],{"class":101},[50,118306,89],{"class":64},[50,118308,3016],{"class":101},[50,118310,89],{"class":64},[50,118312,2473],{"class":101},[50,118314,788],{"class":64},[50,118316,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118318,779],{"class":64},[50,118320,2082],{"class":101},[50,118322,89],{"class":64},[50,118324,3016],{"class":101},[50,118326,89],{"class":64},[50,118328,5521],{"class":101},[50,118330,788],{"class":64},[20,118332,118333],{},"This also works with strings:",[41,118335,118337],{"className":43,"code":118336,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118338,118339,118371,118375,118389],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118340,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118342,4093],{"class":56},[50,118344,61],{"class":60},[50,118346,3652],{"class":64},[50,118348,69],{"class":68},[50,118350,4102],{"class":72},[50,118352,69],{"class":68},[50,118354,89],{"class":64},[50,118356,81],{"class":68},[50,118358,4111],{"class":72},[50,118360,69],{"class":68},[50,118362,89],{"class":64},[50,118364,81],{"class":68},[50,118366,4120],{"class":72},[50,118368,69],{"class":68},[50,118370,788],{"class":64},[50,118372,118373],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118374,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118376,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118378,119],{"class":118},[50,118380,122],{"class":64},[50,118382,74333],{"class":118},[50,118384,122],{"class":64},[50,118386,4137],{"class":125},[50,118388,1770],{"class":64},[50,118390,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,118392,119],{"class":118},[50,118394,122],{"class":64},[50,118396,74333],{"class":118},[50,118398,122],{"class":64},[50,118400,4137],{"class":125},[50,118402,89],{"class":64},[50,118404,77889],{"class":9202},[50,118406,61],{"class":60},[50,118408,3632],{"class":1494},[50,118410,1770],{"class":64},[20,118412,2091],{},[41,118414,118415],{"className":43,"code":73977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118416,118417,118445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118418,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118420,779],{"class":64},[50,118422,1736],{"class":68},[50,118424,4102],{"class":72},[50,118426,1736],{"class":68},[50,118428,89],{"class":64},[50,118430,3321],{"class":68},[50,118432,4111],{"class":72},[50,118434,1736],{"class":68},[50,118436,89],{"class":64},[50,118438,3321],{"class":68},[50,118440,4120],{"class":72},[50,118442,1736],{"class":68},[50,118444,788],{"class":64},[50,118446,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118448,779],{"class":64},[50,118450,1736],{"class":68},[50,118452,4120],{"class":72},[50,118454,1736],{"class":68},[50,118456,89],{"class":64},[50,118458,3321],{"class":68},[50,118460,4111],{"class":72},[50,118462,1736],{"class":68},[50,118464,89],{"class":64},[50,118466,3321],{"class":68},[50,118468,4102],{"class":72},[50,118470,1736],{"class":68},[50,118472,788],{"class":64},[219,118474,8444,118476,118479],{"id":118475},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118477,118478],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118481,228,118482,118484],{},[15,118483,118478],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118486,118487],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118489,118490],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[41,118492,118494],{"className":43,"code":118493,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118495,118496,118536,118540,118562],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118497,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118499,4093],{"class":56},[50,118501,61],{"class":60},[50,118503,3652],{"class":64},[50,118505,69],{"class":68},[50,118507,78563],{"class":72},[50,118509,69],{"class":68},[50,118511,89],{"class":64},[50,118513,81],{"class":68},[50,118515,38167],{"class":72},[50,118517,69],{"class":68},[50,118519,89],{"class":64},[50,118521,81],{"class":68},[50,118523,4111],{"class":72},[50,118525,69],{"class":68},[50,118527,89],{"class":64},[50,118529,81],{"class":68},[50,118531,38150],{"class":72},[50,118533,69],{"class":68},[50,118535,788],{"class":64},[50,118537,118538],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118539,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118541,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118543,2250],{"class":56},[50,118545,61],{"class":60},[50,118547,74377],{"class":118},[50,118549,122],{"class":64},[50,118551,4137],{"class":125},[50,118553,89],{"class":64},[50,118555,21377],{"class":9202},[50,118557,61],{"class":60},[50,118559,11181],{"class":118},[50,118561,414],{"class":64},[50,118563,118564,118566,118568,118570],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,118565,119],{"class":118},[50,118567,122],{"class":64},[50,118569,2285],{"class":125},[50,118571,414],{"class":64},[20,118573,2091],{},[41,118575,118577],{"className":43,"code":118576,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118578,118579],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118580,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118582,779],{"class":64},[50,118584,1736],{"class":68},[50,118586,38167],{"class":72},[50,118588,1736],{"class":68},[50,118590,89],{"class":64},[50,118592,3321],{"class":68},[50,118594,78563],{"class":72},[50,118596,1736],{"class":68},[50,118598,89],{"class":64},[50,118600,3321],{"class":68},[50,118602,38150],{"class":72},[50,118604,1736],{"class":68},[50,118606,89],{"class":64},[50,118608,3321],{"class":68},[50,118610,4111],{"class":72},[50,118612,1736],{"class":68},[50,118614,788],{"class":64},[20,118616,1212,118617,118619],{},[15,118618,11181],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118621,118622],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[41,118624,118626],{"className":43,"code":118625,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118627,118628,118661,118665,118691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118629,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118657,118659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118631,4093],{"class":56},[50,118633,61],{"class":60},[50,118635,3652],{"class":64},[50,118637,69],{"class":68},[50,118639,83182],{"class":72},[50,118641,69],{"class":68},[50,118643,89],{"class":64},[50,118645,81],{"class":68},[50,118647,4102],{"class":72},[50,118649,69],{"class":68},[50,118651,89],{"class":64},[50,118653,81],{"class":68},[50,118655,118656],{"class":72},"Cherry",[50,118658,69],{"class":68},[50,118660,788],{"class":64},[50,118662,118663],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118664,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118666,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118668,2250],{"class":56},[50,118670,61],{"class":60},[50,118672,74377],{"class":118},[50,118674,122],{"class":64},[50,118676,4137],{"class":125},[50,118678,89],{"class":64},[50,118680,21377],{"class":9202},[50,118682,61],{"class":60},[50,118684,3470],{"class":1779},[50,118686,129],{"class":64},[50,118688,8668],{"class":24549},[50,118690,414],{"class":64},[50,118692,118693,118695,118697,118699],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,118694,119],{"class":118},[50,118696,122],{"class":64},[50,118698,2285],{"class":125},[50,118700,414],{"class":64},[20,118702,2091],{},[41,118704,118706],{"className":43,"code":118705,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118707,118708],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118709,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118711,779],{"class":64},[50,118713,1736],{"class":68},[50,118715,4102],{"class":72},[50,118717,1736],{"class":68},[50,118719,89],{"class":64},[50,118721,3321],{"class":68},[50,118723,83182],{"class":72},[50,118725,1736],{"class":68},[50,118727,89],{"class":64},[50,118729,3321],{"class":68},[50,118731,118656],{"class":72},[50,118733,1736],{"class":68},[50,118735,788],{"class":64},[20,118737,118738,118739,35135,118741,129],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118740,42172],{},[380,118742,3603,118743,3536],{"href":42169},[15,118744,42172],{},[219,118746,118748,10608,118750],{"id":118747},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118749,74243],{},[15,118751,77686],{},[20,118753,118754],{},"The main difference is this:",[233,118756,118757,118762],{},[236,118758,118759,118761],{},[15,118760,74243],{}," returns a new list",[236,118763,118764,73781],{},[15,118765,77686],{},[20,118767,118768],{},"Also:",[233,118770,118771,118776],{},[236,118772,118773,118775],{},[15,118774,74243],{}," works with many iterables",[236,118777,118778,79119],{},[15,118779,77686],{},[20,118781,212,118782,589],{},[15,118783,74243],{},[233,118785,118786,118789],{},[236,118787,118788],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[236,118790,118791],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118793,118794,118795,129],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[380,118796,3603,118797,10608,118799,5807],{"href":78944},[15,118798,74243],{},[15,118800,77686],{},[219,118802,118804],{"id":118803},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118806,118807,118808,129],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118809,74243],{},[811,118811,118813],{"id":118812},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118815,118816,118817,78],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118818,3029],{},[41,118820,118822],{"className":43,"code":118821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118823,118824,118848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118825,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118827,3848],{"class":56},[50,118829,61],{"class":60},[50,118831,3652],{"class":64},[50,118833,3011],{"class":101},[50,118835,89],{"class":64},[50,118837,81],{"class":68},[50,118839,2076],{"class":72},[50,118841,69],{"class":68},[50,118843,89],{"class":64},[50,118845,2473],{"class":101},[50,118847,788],{"class":64},[50,118849,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118851,119],{"class":118},[50,118853,122],{"class":64},[50,118855,74333],{"class":118},[50,118857,122],{"class":64},[50,118859,5382],{"class":125},[50,118861,1770],{"class":64},[20,118863,118864],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[811,118866,118868,118869,2324],{"id":118867},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118870,411],{},[20,118872,118873],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118875,253],{},[41,118877,118879],{"className":43,"code":118878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118880,118881,118901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118882,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118884,3647],{"class":56},[50,118886,61],{"class":60},[50,118888,3652],{"class":64},[50,118890,2352],{"class":101},[50,118892,89],{"class":64},[50,118894,3016],{"class":101},[50,118896,89],{"class":64},[50,118898,7821],{"class":101},[50,118900,788],{"class":64},[50,118902,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118904,119],{"class":118},[50,118906,122],{"class":64},[50,118908,74333],{"class":118},[50,118910,122],{"class":64},[50,118912,3678],{"class":125},[50,118914,89],{"class":64},[50,118916,21377],{"class":9202},[50,118918,61],{"class":60},[50,118920,11181],{"class":118},[50,118922,1770],{"class":64},[20,118924,48324,118925,118927],{},[15,118926,42172],{}," does not work on integers.",[811,118929,118931],{"id":118930},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118933,118934],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[41,118936,118938],{"className":43,"code":118937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118939,118940,118960,118970,118974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118941,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118943,3647],{"class":56},[50,118945,61],{"class":60},[50,118947,3652],{"class":64},[50,118949,2082],{"class":101},[50,118951,89],{"class":64},[50,118953,5521],{"class":101},[50,118955,89],{"class":64},[50,118957,3016],{"class":101},[50,118959,788],{"class":64},[50,118961,118962,118964,118966,118968],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118963,74333],{"class":118},[50,118965,122],{"class":64},[50,118967,3678],{"class":125},[50,118969,414],{"class":64},[50,118971,118972],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118973,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118975,118976,118978,118980,118982],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,118977,119],{"class":118},[50,118979,122],{"class":64},[50,118981,3678],{"class":125},[50,118983,414],{"class":64},[20,118985,2091],{},[41,118987,118989],{"className":43,"code":118988,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118990,118991],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118992,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118994,779],{"class":64},[50,118996,2082],{"class":101},[50,118998,89],{"class":64},[50,119000,5521],{"class":101},[50,119002,89],{"class":64},[50,119004,3016],{"class":101},[50,119006,788],{"class":64},[20,119008,119009],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[219,119011,1663],{"id":1662},[233,119013,119014,119018,119021,119026,119030],{},[236,119015,1686,119016,73781],{},[15,119017,74243],{},[236,119019,119020],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[236,119022,1678,119023,119025],{},[15,119024,74243],{}," always returns a list",[236,119027,8444,119028,22902],{},[15,119029,118478],{},[236,119031,29451,119032,119034,119035],{},[15,119033,64130],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119036,74243],{},[20,119038,119039],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[41,119041,119043],{"className":43,"code":119042,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119044,119045,119067,119093,119131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119046,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119048,119],{"class":118},[50,119050,122],{"class":64},[50,119052,74333],{"class":118},[50,119054,3008],{"class":64},[50,119056,2082],{"class":101},[50,119058,89],{"class":64},[50,119060,5521],{"class":101},[50,119062,89],{"class":64},[50,119064,3016],{"class":101},[50,119066,3023],{"class":64},[50,119068,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119070,119],{"class":118},[50,119072,122],{"class":64},[50,119074,1780],{"class":1779},[50,119076,122],{"class":64},[50,119078,74333],{"class":118},[50,119080,5534],{"class":64},[50,119082,2082],{"class":101},[50,119084,89],{"class":64},[50,119086,5521],{"class":101},[50,119088,89],{"class":64},[50,119090,3016],{"class":101},[50,119092,93186],{"class":64},[50,119094,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117,119119,119121,119123,119125,119127,119129],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119096,119],{"class":118},[50,119098,122],{"class":64},[50,119100,74333],{"class":118},[50,119102,3008],{"class":64},[50,119104,1736],{"class":68},[50,119106,83182],{"class":72},[50,119108,1736],{"class":68},[50,119110,89],{"class":64},[50,119112,3321],{"class":68},[50,119114,4102],{"class":72},[50,119116,1736],{"class":68},[50,119118,18055],{"class":64},[50,119120,21377],{"class":9202},[50,119122,61],{"class":60},[50,119124,3470],{"class":1779},[50,119126,129],{"class":64},[50,119128,8668],{"class":24549},[50,119130,1770],{"class":64},[50,119132,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,119134,119],{"class":118},[50,119136,122],{"class":64},[50,119138,74333],{"class":118},[50,119140,3008],{"class":64},[50,119142,2082],{"class":101},[50,119144,89],{"class":64},[50,119146,5521],{"class":101},[50,119148,89],{"class":64},[50,119150,3016],{"class":101},[50,119152,18055],{"class":64},[50,119154,77889],{"class":9202},[50,119156,61],{"class":60},[50,119158,3632],{"class":1494},[50,119160,1770],{"class":64},[20,119162,119163,119164,129],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[380,119165,52587],{"href":50794},[219,119167,1857],{"id":1856},[811,119169,1861,119171,56980],{"id":119170},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119172,74243],{},[20,119174,119175],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[811,119177,5164,119179,12726],{"id":119178},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119180,74243],{},[20,119182,119183],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[811,119185,119187,119188,11111,119190,1867],{"id":119186},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119189,74243],{},[15,119191,77686],{},[20,119193,212,119194,119196],{},[15,119195,74243],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[811,119198,5164,119200,86270,119202,1867],{"id":119199},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119201,118478],{},[15,119203,74243],{},[20,119205,119206],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[811,119208,5180,119210,119212,119213,1867],{"id":119209},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119211,74243],{}," give a ",[15,119214,3029],{},[20,119216,119217],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[219,119219,1909],{"id":1908},[233,119221,119222,119226,119234,119238,119244,119250],{},[236,119223,119224],{},[380,119225,79692],{"href":78195},[236,119227,119228],{},[380,119229,3603,119230,10608,119232,5807],{"href":78944},[15,119231,74243],{},[15,119233,77686],{},[236,119235,119236],{},[380,119237,52587],{"href":50794},[236,119239,119240],{},[380,119241,3603,119242,3536],{"href":42169},[15,119243,42172],{},[236,119245,119246],{},[380,119247,3603,119248,3536],{"href":91842},[15,119249,35555],{},[236,119251,119252],{},[380,119253,3603,119254,3536],{"href":36002},[15,119255,36005],{},[1944,119257,119258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":119260},[119261,119262,119264,119267,119268,119275,119277,119279,119281,119287,119288,119300],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":117541,"depth":108,"text":119263},"What sorted() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":119265},[119266],{"id":17386,"depth":115,"text":17387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":117780,"depth":108,"text":117781,"children":119269},[119270,119271,119272,119273,119274],{"id":8119,"depth":115,"text":117789},{"id":48767,"depth":115,"text":117853},{"id":6311,"depth":115,"text":117950},{"id":60992,"depth":115,"text":118014},{"id":402,"depth":115,"text":29024},{"id":118219,"depth":108,"text":119276},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118475,"depth":108,"text":119278},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118747,"depth":108,"text":119280},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118803,"depth":108,"text":118804,"children":119282},[119283,119284,119286],{"id":118812,"depth":115,"text":118813},{"id":118867,"depth":115,"text":119285},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118930,"depth":115,"text":118931},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":119289},[119290,119292,119294,119296,119298],{"id":119170,"depth":115,"text":119291},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119178,"depth":115,"text":119293},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119186,"depth":115,"text":119295},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119199,"depth":115,"text":119297},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119209,"depth":115,"text":119299},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117443,"description":119301},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119308,"title":119309,"body":119310,"description":121421,"extension":1981,"meta":121422,"navigation":111,"path":78944,"seo":121423,"stem":121424,"__hash__":121425},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119311,"toc":121368},[119312,119319,119322,119332,119338,119341,119359,119367,119369,119428,119436,119440,119462,119466,119470,119472,119489,119491,119503,119509,119593,119597,119644,119650,119657,119661,119666,119668,119680,119685,119738,119742,119762,119769,119776,119780,119783,119802,119806,119920,119924,119994,119996,120008,120013,120017,120030,120034,120109,120113,120152,120159,120165,120170,120174,120188,120192,120257,120261,120294,120297,120302,120310,120317,120330,120333,120337,120420,120424,120461,120465,120568,120572,120633,120638,120645,120649,120652,120658,120661,120728,120732,120756,120758,120776,120783,120836,120840,120860,120866,120868,120925,120932,120958,120963,120968,120976,120982,121042,121046,121093,121096,121098,121101,121127,121130,121223,121225,121245,121249,121252,121270,121276,121278,121286,121291,121298,121301,121307,121310,121316,121324,121332,121337,121339,121365],[10,119313,3603,119315,10608,119317,92900],{"id":119314},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119316,74243],{},[15,119318,77686],{},[20,119320,119321],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[233,119323,119324,119328],{},[236,119325,119326],{},[15,119327,74243],{},[236,119329,119330],{},[15,119331,77686],{},[20,119333,119334,119335,119337],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[997,119336,1262],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119339,119340],{},"The main difference is simple:",[233,119342,119343,119351],{},[236,119344,212,119345,119347,119348],{},[15,119346,74243],{}," when you want a ",[997,119349,119350],{},"new sorted result",[236,119352,212,119353,119355,119356],{},[15,119354,77686],{}," when you want to ",[997,119357,119358],{},"change the original list",[20,119360,119361,119362,35,119364,119366],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119363,77686],{},[15,119365,38],{}," and causes confusion.",[219,119368,3637],{"id":3636},[41,119370,119372],{"className":43,"code":119371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119373,119374,119394,119398,119415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119375,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119377,3647],{"class":56},[50,119379,61],{"class":60},[50,119381,3652],{"class":64},[50,119383,2082],{"class":101},[50,119385,89],{"class":64},[50,119387,5521],{"class":101},[50,119389,89],{"class":64},[50,119391,3016],{"class":101},[50,119393,788],{"class":64},[50,119395,119396],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119397,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119399,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410,119412],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119401,55706],{"class":56},[50,119403,61],{"class":60},[50,119405,74377],{"class":118},[50,119407,122],{"class":64},[50,119409,3678],{"class":125},[50,119411,1206],{"class":64},[50,119413,119414],{"class":146},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[50,119416,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,119418,3678],{"class":56},[50,119420,129],{"class":64},[50,119422,34604],{"class":125},[50,119424,7391],{"class":64},[50,119426,119427],{"class":146},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119429,212,119430,119432,119433,119435],{},[15,119431,74243],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119434,77686],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[219,119437,119439],{"id":119438},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[233,119441,119442,119447,119452,119459],{},[236,119443,212,119444,119446],{},[15,119445,74243],{}," to get a new sorted list",[236,119448,212,119449,119451],{},[15,119450,77686],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[236,119453,119454,119455,35,119457],{},"Understand why ",[15,119456,77686],{},[15,119458,38],{},[236,119460,119461],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[219,119463,222,119464,225],{"id":117541},[15,119465,74243],{},[20,119467,119468,62744],{},[15,119469,74243],{},[20,119471,48741],{},[233,119473,119474,119480,119486],{},[236,119475,119476,119477],{},"returns a ",[997,119478,119479],{},"new list",[236,119481,119482,119483,119485],{},"does ",[997,119484,1262],{}," change the original data",[236,119487,119488],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119490,50948],{},[233,119492,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501],{},[236,119494,5323],{},[236,119496,5326],{},[236,119498,5332],{},[236,119500,5329],{},[236,119502,35716],{},[811,119504,34883,119506,119508],{"id":119505},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119507,74243],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[41,119510,119512],{"className":43,"code":119511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119513,119514,119534,119538,119552,119556,119574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119515,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119517,3647],{"class":56},[50,119519,61],{"class":60},[50,119521,3652],{"class":64},[50,119523,2082],{"class":101},[50,119525,89],{"class":64},[50,119527,5521],{"class":101},[50,119529,89],{"class":64},[50,119531,3016],{"class":101},[50,119533,788],{"class":64},[50,119535,119536],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119537,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119539,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119541,2250],{"class":56},[50,119543,61],{"class":60},[50,119545,74377],{"class":118},[50,119547,122],{"class":64},[50,119549,3678],{"class":125},[50,119551,414],{"class":64},[50,119553,119554],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,119555,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119557,119558,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,119559,119],{"class":118},[50,119561,122],{"class":64},[50,119563,69],{"class":68},[50,119565,12167],{"class":72},[50,119567,69],{"class":68},[50,119569,89],{"class":64},[50,119571,4287],{"class":125},[50,119573,414],{"class":64},[50,119575,119576,119578,119580,119582,119585,119587,119589,119591],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,119577,119],{"class":118},[50,119579,122],{"class":64},[50,119581,69],{"class":68},[50,119583,119584],{"class":72},"sorted result:",[50,119586,69],{"class":68},[50,119588,89],{"class":64},[50,119590,81036],{"class":125},[50,119592,414],{"class":64},[20,119594,119595],{},[997,119596,2091],{},[41,119598,119600],{"className":43,"code":119599,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119601,119602,119622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119603,119604,119606,119608,119610,119612,119614,119616,119618,119620],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119605,12146],{"class":56},[50,119607,78],{"class":64},[50,119609,3652],{"class":64},[50,119611,2082],{"class":101},[50,119613,89],{"class":64},[50,119615,5521],{"class":101},[50,119617,89],{"class":64},[50,119619,3016],{"class":101},[50,119621,788],{"class":64},[50,119623,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640,119642],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119625,74333],{"class":118},[50,119627,81036],{"class":56},[50,119629,78],{"class":64},[50,119631,3652],{"class":64},[50,119633,3011],{"class":101},[50,119635,89],{"class":64},[50,119637,3016],{"class":101},[50,119639,89],{"class":64},[50,119641,2473],{"class":101},[50,119643,788],{"class":64},[20,119645,119646,119647,119649],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119648,3678],{}," stays the same.",[20,119651,119652,119653,129],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[380,119654,3603,119655,3536],{"href":74340},[15,119656,74243],{},[219,119658,222,119659,225],{"id":77752},[15,119660,77686],{},[20,119662,119663,119665],{},[15,119664,64130],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119667,48741],{},[233,119669,119670,119673,119676],{},[236,119671,119672],{},"changes the original list directly",[236,119674,119675],{},"only works on lists",[236,119677,3719,119678],{},[15,119679,38],{},[811,119681,34883,119683,73781],{"id":119682},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119684,77686],{},[41,119686,119688],{"className":43,"code":119687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119689,119690,119710,119714,119724,119728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119691,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706,119708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119693,3647],{"class":56},[50,119695,61],{"class":60},[50,119697,3652],{"class":64},[50,119699,2082],{"class":101},[50,119701,89],{"class":64},[50,119703,5521],{"class":101},[50,119705,89],{"class":64},[50,119707,3016],{"class":101},[50,119709,788],{"class":64},[50,119711,119712],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119713,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119715,119716,119718,119720,119722],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119717,3678],{"class":56},[50,119719,129],{"class":64},[50,119721,34604],{"class":125},[50,119723,8671],{"class":64},[50,119725,119726],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,119727,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119729,119730,119732,119734,119736],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,119731,119],{"class":118},[50,119733,122],{"class":64},[50,119735,3678],{"class":125},[50,119737,414],{"class":64},[20,119739,119740],{},[997,119741,2091],{},[41,119743,119744],{"className":43,"code":54966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,119745,119746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119747,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119749,779],{"class":64},[50,119751,3011],{"class":101},[50,119753,89],{"class":64},[50,119755,3016],{"class":101},[50,119757,89],{"class":64},[50,119759,2473],{"class":101},[50,119761,788],{"class":64},[20,119763,119764,119765,119768],{},"After calling ",[15,119766,119767],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119770,119771,119772,129],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[380,119773,3603,119774,1845],{"href":74594},[15,119775,77686],{},[219,119777,119779],{"id":119778},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119781,119782],{},"Here is the core difference:",[233,119784,119785,119794],{},[236,119786,119787,119790,119791],{},[15,119788,119789],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[997,119792,119793],{},"new sorted list",[236,119795,119796,119799,119800,74151],{},[15,119797,119798],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119801,8365],{},[811,119803,119805],{"id":119804},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[41,119807,119809],{"className":43,"code":119808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119810,119811,119831,119835,119849,119868,119887,119891,119901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119812,119813,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119814,3647],{"class":56},[50,119816,61],{"class":60},[50,119818,3652],{"class":64},[50,119820,2157],{"class":101},[50,119822,89],{"class":64},[50,119824,3016],{"class":101},[50,119826,89],{"class":64},[50,119828,2479],{"class":101},[50,119830,788],{"class":64},[50,119832,119833],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119834,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119836,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119838,2577],{"class":56},[50,119840,61],{"class":60},[50,119842,74377],{"class":118},[50,119844,122],{"class":64},[50,119846,3678],{"class":125},[50,119848,414],{"class":64},[50,119850,119851,119853,119855,119857,119860,119862,119864,119866],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,119852,119],{"class":118},[50,119854,122],{"class":64},[50,119856,69],{"class":68},[50,119858,119859],{"class":72},"numbers after sorted():",[50,119861,69],{"class":68},[50,119863,89],{"class":64},[50,119865,4287],{"class":125},[50,119867,414],{"class":64},[50,119869,119870,119872,119874,119876,119879,119881,119883,119885],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,119871,119],{"class":118},[50,119873,122],{"class":64},[50,119875,69],{"class":68},[50,119877,119878],{"class":72},"a:",[50,119880,69],{"class":68},[50,119882,89],{"class":64},[50,119884,56704],{"class":125},[50,119886,414],{"class":64},[50,119888,119889],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,119890,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119892,119893,119895,119897,119899],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,119894,3678],{"class":56},[50,119896,129],{"class":64},[50,119898,34604],{"class":125},[50,119900,8671],{"class":64},[50,119902,119903,119905,119907,119909,119912,119914,119916,119918],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,119904,119],{"class":118},[50,119906,122],{"class":64},[50,119908,69],{"class":68},[50,119910,119911],{"class":72},"numbers after sort():",[50,119913,69],{"class":68},[50,119915,89],{"class":64},[50,119917,4287],{"class":125},[50,119919,414],{"class":64},[20,119921,119922],{},[997,119923,2091],{},[41,119925,119927],{"className":43,"code":119926,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119928,119929,119952,119972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119930,119931,119934,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119932,119933],{"class":56},"numbers after ",[50,119935,74333],{"class":118},[50,119937,29385],{"class":64},[50,119939,3652],{"class":64},[50,119941,2157],{"class":101},[50,119943,89],{"class":64},[50,119945,3016],{"class":101},[50,119947,89],{"class":64},[50,119949,2479],{"class":101},[50,119951,788],{"class":64},[50,119953,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119955,380],{"class":56},[50,119957,78],{"class":64},[50,119959,3652],{"class":64},[50,119961,2076],{"class":101},[50,119963,89],{"class":64},[50,119965,2479],{"class":101},[50,119967,89],{"class":64},[50,119969,4629],{"class":101},[50,119971,788],{"class":64},[50,119973,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119975,119933],{"class":56},[50,119977,34604],{"class":125},[50,119979,29385],{"class":64},[50,119981,3652],{"class":64},[50,119983,2076],{"class":101},[50,119985,89],{"class":64},[50,119987,2479],{"class":101},[50,119989,89],{"class":64},[50,119991,4629],{"class":101},[50,119993,788],{"class":64},[20,119995,10735],{},[233,119997,119998,120003],{},[236,119999,120000,120002],{},[15,120001,74243],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[236,120004,120005,120007],{},[15,120006,64130],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[219,120009,582,120011],{"id":120010},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120012,74243],{},[20,120014,212,120015,589],{},[15,120016,74243],{},[233,120018,120019,120022,120024,120027],{},[236,120020,120021],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[236,120023,118791],{},[236,120025,120026],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[236,120028,120029],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[811,120031,120033],{"id":120032},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[41,120035,120037],{"className":43,"code":120036,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120038,120039,120063,120067,120081,120085,120095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120040,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120042,3647],{"class":56},[50,120044,61],{"class":60},[50,120046,9262],{"class":64},[50,120048,2527],{"class":101},[50,120050,89],{"class":64},[50,120052,5521],{"class":101},[50,120054,89],{"class":64},[50,120056,2473],{"class":101},[50,120058,89],{"class":64},[50,120060,3016],{"class":101},[50,120062,414],{"class":64},[50,120064,120065],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120066,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120068,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120070,2250],{"class":56},[50,120072,61],{"class":60},[50,120074,74377],{"class":118},[50,120076,122],{"class":64},[50,120078,3678],{"class":125},[50,120080,414],{"class":64},[50,120082,120083],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,120084,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120086,120087,120089,120091,120093],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,120088,119],{"class":118},[50,120090,122],{"class":64},[50,120092,2285],{"class":125},[50,120094,414],{"class":64},[50,120096,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,120098,119],{"class":118},[50,120100,122],{"class":64},[50,120102,1780],{"class":1779},[50,120104,122],{"class":64},[50,120106,2285],{"class":125},[50,120108,1770],{"class":64},[20,120110,120111],{},[997,120112,2091],{},[41,120114,120116],{"className":43,"code":120115,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120117,120118,120138],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120119,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120121,779],{"class":64},[50,120123,3011],{"class":101},[50,120125,89],{"class":64},[50,120127,3016],{"class":101},[50,120129,89],{"class":64},[50,120131,2473],{"class":101},[50,120133,89],{"class":64},[50,120135,2479],{"class":101},[50,120137,788],{"class":64},[50,120139,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120141,3315],{"class":60},[50,120143,3318],{"class":2085},[50,120145,3321],{"class":68},[50,120147,8119],{"class":72},[50,120149,1736],{"class":68},[50,120151,3328],{"class":60},[20,120153,2307,120154,120156,120157,129],{},[15,120155,74243],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[997,120158,8119],{},[20,120160,120161,120162,120164],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[380,120163,52587],{"href":50794}," is a helpful next step.",[219,120166,582,120168],{"id":120167},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120169,77686],{},[20,120171,212,120172,589],{},[15,120173,77686],{},[233,120175,120176,120179,120182,120185],{},[236,120177,120178],{},"you already have a list",[236,120180,120181],{},"you want to update that list directly",[236,120183,120184],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[236,120186,120187],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[811,120189,120191],{"id":120190},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[41,120193,120195],{"className":43,"code":120194,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120196,120197,120229,120233,120243,120247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120198,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120200,5018],{"class":56},[50,120202,61],{"class":60},[50,120204,3652],{"class":64},[50,120206,69],{"class":68},[50,120208,5045],{"class":72},[50,120210,69],{"class":68},[50,120212,89],{"class":64},[50,120214,81],{"class":68},[50,120216,5027],{"class":72},[50,120218,69],{"class":68},[50,120220,89],{"class":64},[50,120222,81],{"class":68},[50,120224,5036],{"class":72},[50,120226,69],{"class":68},[50,120228,788],{"class":64},[50,120230,120231],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120232,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120234,120235,120237,120239,120241],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120236,5062],{"class":56},[50,120238,129],{"class":64},[50,120240,34604],{"class":125},[50,120242,8671],{"class":64},[50,120244,120245],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,120246,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120248,120249,120251,120253,120255],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,120250,119],{"class":118},[50,120252,122],{"class":64},[50,120254,5062],{"class":125},[50,120256,414],{"class":64},[20,120258,120259],{},[997,120260,2091],{},[41,120262,120264],{"className":43,"code":120263,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120265,120266],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120267,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120269,779],{"class":64},[50,120271,1736],{"class":68},[50,120273,5027],{"class":72},[50,120275,1736],{"class":68},[50,120277,89],{"class":64},[50,120279,3321],{"class":68},[50,120281,5036],{"class":72},[50,120283,1736],{"class":68},[50,120285,89],{"class":64},[50,120287,3321],{"class":68},[50,120289,5045],{"class":72},[50,120291,1736],{"class":68},[50,120293,788],{"class":64},[20,120295,120296],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120298,120299,120300,129],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[380,120301,79692],{"href":78195},[219,120303,120305,1846,120307,120309],{"id":120304},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120306,73396],{},[15,120308,411],{}," work with both",[20,120311,10613,120312,1846,120314,120316],{},[15,120313,74243],{},[15,120315,77686],{}," support:",[233,120318,120319,120324],{},[236,120320,120321,120323],{},[15,120322,77910],{}," for descending order",[236,120325,120326,120329],{},[15,120327,120328],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120331,120332],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[811,120334,120336],{"id":120335},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[41,120338,120340],{"className":43,"code":120339,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120341,120342,120362,120366,120388,120392,120410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120343,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120345,3647],{"class":56},[50,120347,61],{"class":60},[50,120349,3652],{"class":64},[50,120351,2082],{"class":101},[50,120353,89],{"class":64},[50,120355,5521],{"class":101},[50,120357,89],{"class":64},[50,120359,3016],{"class":101},[50,120361,788],{"class":64},[50,120363,120364],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120365,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120369,119],{"class":118},[50,120371,122],{"class":64},[50,120373,74333],{"class":118},[50,120375,122],{"class":64},[50,120377,3678],{"class":125},[50,120379,89],{"class":64},[50,120381,77889],{"class":9202},[50,120383,61],{"class":60},[50,120385,3632],{"class":1494},[50,120387,1770],{"class":64},[50,120389,120390],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,120391,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120393,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,120395,3678],{"class":56},[50,120397,129],{"class":64},[50,120399,34604],{"class":125},[50,120401,122],{"class":64},[50,120403,73396],{"class":9202},[50,120405,61],{"class":60},[50,120407,3632],{"class":1494},[50,120409,414],{"class":64},[50,120411,120412,120414,120416,120418],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,120413,119],{"class":118},[50,120415,122],{"class":64},[50,120417,3678],{"class":125},[50,120419,414],{"class":64},[20,120421,120422],{},[997,120423,2091],{},[41,120425,120427],{"className":43,"code":120426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120428,120429,120445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120430,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120432,779],{"class":64},[50,120434,2082],{"class":101},[50,120436,89],{"class":64},[50,120438,3016],{"class":101},[50,120440,89],{"class":64},[50,120442,5521],{"class":101},[50,120444,788],{"class":64},[50,120446,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120448,779],{"class":64},[50,120450,2082],{"class":101},[50,120452,89],{"class":64},[50,120454,3016],{"class":101},[50,120456,89],{"class":64},[50,120458,5521],{"class":101},[50,120460,788],{"class":64},[811,120462,120464],{"id":120463},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[41,120466,120468],{"className":43,"code":120467,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120469,120470,120502,120506,120532,120536,120558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120471,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120473,4093],{"class":56},[50,120475,61],{"class":60},[50,120477,3652],{"class":64},[50,120479,69],{"class":68},[50,120481,83182],{"class":72},[50,120483,69],{"class":68},[50,120485,89],{"class":64},[50,120487,81],{"class":68},[50,120489,4102],{"class":72},[50,120491,69],{"class":68},[50,120493,89],{"class":64},[50,120495,81],{"class":68},[50,120497,118656],{"class":72},[50,120499,69],{"class":68},[50,120501,788],{"class":64},[50,120503,120504],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120505,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120507,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120509,119],{"class":118},[50,120511,122],{"class":64},[50,120513,74333],{"class":118},[50,120515,122],{"class":64},[50,120517,4137],{"class":125},[50,120519,89],{"class":64},[50,120521,21377],{"class":9202},[50,120523,61],{"class":60},[50,120525,3470],{"class":1779},[50,120527,129],{"class":64},[50,120529,8668],{"class":24549},[50,120531,1770],{"class":64},[50,120533,120534],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,120535,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120537,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,120539,4137],{"class":56},[50,120541,129],{"class":64},[50,120543,34604],{"class":125},[50,120545,122],{"class":64},[50,120547,411],{"class":9202},[50,120549,61],{"class":60},[50,120551,3470],{"class":1779},[50,120553,129],{"class":64},[50,120555,8668],{"class":24549},[50,120557,414],{"class":64},[50,120559,120560,120562,120564,120566],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,120561,119],{"class":118},[50,120563,122],{"class":64},[50,120565,4137],{"class":125},[50,120567,414],{"class":64},[20,120569,120570],{},[997,120571,2091],{},[41,120573,120575],{"className":43,"code":120574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120576,120577,120605],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120578,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120580,779],{"class":64},[50,120582,1736],{"class":68},[50,120584,4102],{"class":72},[50,120586,1736],{"class":68},[50,120588,89],{"class":64},[50,120590,3321],{"class":68},[50,120592,83182],{"class":72},[50,120594,1736],{"class":68},[50,120596,89],{"class":64},[50,120598,3321],{"class":68},[50,120600,118656],{"class":72},[50,120602,1736],{"class":68},[50,120604,788],{"class":64},[50,120606,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120608,779],{"class":64},[50,120610,1736],{"class":68},[50,120612,4102],{"class":72},[50,120614,1736],{"class":68},[50,120616,89],{"class":64},[50,120618,3321],{"class":68},[50,120620,83182],{"class":72},[50,120622,1736],{"class":68},[50,120624,89],{"class":64},[50,120626,3321],{"class":68},[50,120628,118656],{"class":72},[50,120630,1736],{"class":68},[50,120632,788],{"class":64},[20,120634,8444,120635,120637],{},[15,120636,78404],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120639,120640,120641,129],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[380,120642,120644],{"href":120643},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[219,120646,120648],{"id":120647},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120650,120651],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[811,120653,120655,120656,12609],{"id":120654},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120657,77686],{},[20,120659,120660],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[41,120662,120664],{"className":43,"code":120663,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120665,120666,120686,120690,120704,120708,120718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120667,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120669,3647],{"class":56},[50,120671,61],{"class":60},[50,120673,3652],{"class":64},[50,120675,2082],{"class":101},[50,120677,89],{"class":64},[50,120679,5521],{"class":101},[50,120681,89],{"class":64},[50,120683,3016],{"class":101},[50,120685,788],{"class":64},[50,120687,120688],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120689,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120691,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120693,2250],{"class":56},[50,120695,61],{"class":60},[50,120697,4287],{"class":56},[50,120699,129],{"class":64},[50,120701,34604],{"class":125},[50,120703,8671],{"class":64},[50,120705,120706],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,120707,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120709,120710,120712,120714,120716],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,120711,119],{"class":118},[50,120713,122],{"class":64},[50,120715,2285],{"class":125},[50,120717,414],{"class":64},[50,120719,120720,120722,120724,120726],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,120721,119],{"class":118},[50,120723,122],{"class":64},[50,120725,3678],{"class":125},[50,120727,414],{"class":64},[20,120729,120730],{},[997,120731,2091],{},[41,120733,120734],{"className":43,"code":79027,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,120735,120736,120740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120737,120738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120739,11821],{"class":1494},[50,120741,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120743,779],{"class":64},[50,120745,3011],{"class":101},[50,120747,89],{"class":64},[50,120749,3016],{"class":101},[50,120751,89],{"class":64},[50,120753,2473],{"class":101},[50,120755,788],{"class":64},[20,120757,11913],{},[233,120759,120760,120765,120770],{},[236,120761,120762,120764],{},[15,120763,119767],{}," sorts the list in place",[236,120766,34820,120767,120769],{},[997,120768,1262],{}," return the sorted list",[236,120771,89806,120772,41966,120774],{},[15,120773,2285],{},[15,120775,38],{},[811,120777,120779,120780,120782],{"id":120778},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120781,74243],{}," to change the original list",[41,120784,120786],{"className":43,"code":120785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120787,120788,120808,120812,120822,120826],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120789,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120791,3647],{"class":56},[50,120793,61],{"class":60},[50,120795,3652],{"class":64},[50,120797,2082],{"class":101},[50,120799,89],{"class":64},[50,120801,5521],{"class":101},[50,120803,89],{"class":64},[50,120805,3016],{"class":101},[50,120807,788],{"class":64},[50,120809,120810],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120811,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120813,120814,120816,120818,120820],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120815,74333],{"class":118},[50,120817,122],{"class":64},[50,120819,3678],{"class":125},[50,120821,414],{"class":64},[50,120823,120824],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,120825,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120827,120828,120830,120832,120834],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,120829,119],{"class":118},[50,120831,122],{"class":64},[50,120833,3678],{"class":125},[50,120835,414],{"class":64},[20,120837,120838],{},[997,120839,2091],{},[41,120841,120842],{"className":43,"code":118988,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,120843,120844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120847,779],{"class":64},[50,120849,2082],{"class":101},[50,120851,89],{"class":64},[50,120853,5521],{"class":101},[50,120855,89],{"class":64},[50,120857,3016],{"class":101},[50,120859,788],{"class":64},[20,120861,120862,120865],{},[15,120863,120864],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120867,10827],{},[41,120869,120871],{"className":43,"code":120870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120872,120873,120893,120897,120911,120915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120874,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120876,3647],{"class":56},[50,120878,61],{"class":60},[50,120880,3652],{"class":64},[50,120882,2082],{"class":101},[50,120884,89],{"class":64},[50,120886,5521],{"class":101},[50,120888,89],{"class":64},[50,120890,3016],{"class":101},[50,120892,788],{"class":64},[50,120894,120895],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120896,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120898,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120900,55458],{"class":56},[50,120902,61],{"class":60},[50,120904,74377],{"class":118},[50,120906,122],{"class":64},[50,120908,3678],{"class":125},[50,120910,414],{"class":64},[50,120912,120913],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,120914,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120916,120917,120919,120921,120923],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,120918,119],{"class":118},[50,120920,122],{"class":64},[50,120922,55477],{"class":125},[50,120924,414],{"class":64},[811,120926,120928,120929,120931],{"id":120927},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120930,64130],{}," on a tuple or string",[41,120933,120934],{"className":43,"code":79129,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,120935,120936,120948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120937,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120939,34492],{"class":56},[50,120941,61],{"class":60},[50,120943,81],{"class":68},[50,120945,45],{"class":72},[50,120947,3384],{"class":68},[50,120949,120950,120952,120954,120956],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120951,34513],{"class":56},[50,120953,129],{"class":64},[50,120955,34604],{"class":125},[50,120957,8671],{"class":64},[20,120959,120960,120961,33404],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120962,64130],{},[20,120964,120965,120967],{},[15,120966,64130],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120969,120970,120971,120973,120974,129],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120972,74243],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[380,120975,5158],{"href":5610},[811,120977,120979,120980,119025],{"id":120978},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120981,74243],{},[41,120983,120985],{"className":43,"code":120984,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120986,120987,121000,121014,121018,121028],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120988,120989,120991,120993,120995,120998],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120990,34492],{"class":56},[50,120992,61],{"class":60},[50,120994,81],{"class":68},[50,120996,120997],{"class":72},"cab",[50,120999,3384],{"class":68},[50,121001,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121003,2250],{"class":56},[50,121005,61],{"class":60},[50,121007,74377],{"class":118},[50,121009,122],{"class":64},[50,121011,34513],{"class":125},[50,121013,414],{"class":64},[50,121015,121016],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121017,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121019,121020,121022,121024,121026],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,121021,119],{"class":118},[50,121023,122],{"class":64},[50,121025,2285],{"class":125},[50,121027,414],{"class":64},[50,121029,121030,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,121031,119],{"class":118},[50,121033,122],{"class":64},[50,121035,1780],{"class":1779},[50,121037,122],{"class":64},[50,121039,2285],{"class":125},[50,121041,1770],{"class":64},[20,121043,121044],{},[997,121045,2091],{},[41,121047,121049],{"className":43,"code":121048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121050,121051,121079],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121052,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069,121071,121073,121075,121077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121054,779],{"class":64},[50,121056,1736],{"class":68},[50,121058,380],{"class":72},[50,121060,1736],{"class":68},[50,121062,89],{"class":64},[50,121064,3321],{"class":68},[50,121066,4784],{"class":72},[50,121068,1736],{"class":68},[50,121070,89],{"class":64},[50,121072,3321],{"class":68},[50,121074,9763],{"class":72},[50,121076,1736],{"class":68},[50,121078,788],{"class":64},[50,121080,121081,121083,121085,121087,121089,121091],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121082,3315],{"class":60},[50,121084,3318],{"class":2085},[50,121086,3321],{"class":68},[50,121088,8119],{"class":72},[50,121090,1736],{"class":68},[50,121092,3328],{"class":60},[20,121094,121095],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[219,121097,113546],{"id":113545},[20,121099,121100],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[233,121102,121103,121106,121111,121116,121122],{},[236,121104,121105],{},"confusing a function with a method",[236,121107,121108,121109,53460],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121110,64130],{},[236,121112,121113,121114,12609],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121115,77686],{},[236,121117,121118,121119,121121],{},"trying to use ",[15,121120,64130],{}," on non-list data types",[236,121123,50320,121124,121126],{},[15,121125,74243],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121128,121129],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,121131,121133],{"className":43,"code":121132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121134,121135,121145,121159,121184,121199,121209],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121136,121137,121139,121141,121143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121138,119],{"class":118},[50,121140,122],{"class":64},[50,121142,8365],{"class":125},[50,121144,414],{"class":64},[50,121146,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121148,119],{"class":118},[50,121150,122],{"class":64},[50,121152,74333],{"class":118},[50,121154,122],{"class":64},[50,121156,8365],{"class":125},[50,121158,1770],{"class":64},[50,121160,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121176,121178,121180,121182],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121162,2250],{"class":56},[50,121164,61],{"class":60},[50,121166,8422],{"class":56},[50,121168,129],{"class":64},[50,121170,34604],{"class":125},[50,121172,7391],{"class":64},[50,121174,121175],{"class":56},"; ",[50,121177,119],{"class":118},[50,121179,122],{"class":64},[50,121181,2285],{"class":125},[50,121183,414],{"class":64},[50,121185,121186,121188,121190,121192,121194,121197],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,121187,119],{"class":118},[50,121189,122],{"class":64},[50,121191,1780],{"class":1779},[50,121193,122],{"class":64},[50,121195,121196],{"class":125},"my_data",[50,121198,1770],{"class":64},[50,121200,121201,121203,121205,121207],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,121202,31955],{"class":118},[50,121204,122],{"class":64},[50,121206,74333],{"class":118},[50,121208,414],{"class":64},[50,121210,121211,121213,121215,121217,121219,121221],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,121212,31955],{"class":118},[50,121214,122],{"class":64},[50,121216,8119],{"class":1779},[50,121218,129],{"class":64},[50,121220,34604],{"class":24549},[50,121222,414],{"class":64},[20,121224,84192],{},[233,121226,121227,121230,121234,121242],{},[236,121228,121229],{},"whether your original list changed",[236,121231,25819,121232,11719],{},[15,121233,74243],{},[236,121235,121236,121237,121239,121240],{},"whether ",[15,121238,64130],{}," returned ",[15,121241,38],{},[236,121243,121244],{},"what type of object you are working with",[219,121246,121248],{"id":121247},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121250,121251],{},"Use this rule:",[233,121253,121254,121262],{},[236,121255,121256,121257,121259,121260],{},"Need a ",[997,121258,119350],{},": use ",[15,121261,74243],{},[236,121263,121264,121265,121259,121268],{},"Need to ",[997,121266,121267],{},"change one list directly",[15,121269,77686],{},[20,121271,121272,121273,121275],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121274,74243],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[219,121277,1857],{"id":1856},[811,121279,121281,121282,2901,121284,1867],{"id":121280},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121283,74243],{},[15,121285,77686],{},[20,121287,121288,121290],{},[15,121289,74243],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[811,121292,5180,121294,5183,121296,1867],{"id":121293},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121295,77686],{},[15,121297,38],{},[20,121299,121300],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[811,121302,5192,121304,121306],{"id":121303},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121305,74243],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121308,121309],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[811,121311,28129,121313,121315],{"id":121312},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121314,64130],{}," on a string?",[20,121317,46178,121318,121320,121321,39739],{},[15,121319,64130],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121322,121323],{},"sorted(string)",[811,121325,11832,121327,1846,121329,121331],{"id":121326},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121328,74243],{},[15,121330,64130],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121333,121334,121335,129],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121336,77910],{},[219,121338,1909],{"id":1908},[233,121340,121341,121347,121353,121357,121361],{},[236,121342,121343],{},[380,121344,3603,121345,3536],{"href":74340},[15,121346,74243],{},[236,121348,121349],{},[380,121350,3603,121351,1845],{"href":74594},[15,121352,77686],{},[236,121354,121355],{},[380,121356,79692],{"href":78195},[236,121358,121359],{},[380,121360,120644],{"href":120643},[236,121362,121363],{},[380,121364,52587],{"href":50794},[1944,121366,121367],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":121369},[121370,121371,121372,121376,121380,121383,121387,121391,121396,121406,121407,121408,121420],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":119438,"depth":108,"text":119439},{"id":117541,"depth":108,"text":119263,"children":121373},[121374],{"id":119505,"depth":115,"text":121375},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77752,"depth":108,"text":79714,"children":121377},[121378],{"id":119682,"depth":115,"text":121379},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119778,"depth":108,"text":119779,"children":121381},[121382],{"id":119804,"depth":115,"text":119805},{"id":120010,"depth":108,"text":121384,"children":121385},"When to use sorted()",[121386],{"id":120032,"depth":115,"text":120033},{"id":120167,"depth":108,"text":121388,"children":121389},"When to use list.sort()",[121390],{"id":120190,"depth":115,"text":120191},{"id":120304,"depth":108,"text":121392,"children":121393},"reverse and key work with both",[121394,121395],{"id":120335,"depth":115,"text":120336},{"id":120463,"depth":115,"text":120464},{"id":120647,"depth":108,"text":120648,"children":121397},[121398,121400,121402,121404],{"id":120654,"depth":115,"text":121399},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120778,"depth":115,"text":121401},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120927,"depth":115,"text":121403},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120978,"depth":115,"text":121405},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113545,"depth":108,"text":113546},{"id":121247,"depth":108,"text":121248},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":121409},[121410,121412,121414,121416,121418],{"id":121280,"depth":115,"text":121411},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121293,"depth":115,"text":121413},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121303,"depth":115,"text":121415},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121312,"depth":115,"text":121417},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121326,"depth":115,"text":121419},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119309,"description":121421},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121427,"title":41987,"body":121428,"description":123160,"extension":1981,"meta":123161,"navigation":111,"path":123162,"seo":123163,"stem":123164,"__hash__":123165},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121429,"toc":123117},[121430,121435,121440,121446,121448,121503,121507,121530,121535,121540,121545,121547,121578,121581,121595,121597,121599,121614,121619,121623,121626,121677,121681,121695,121702,121706,121710,121765,121769,121792,121796,121852,121856,121879,121883,121938,121942,121965,121969,122036,122040,122075,122081,122086,122091,122093,122107,122109,122183,122187,122207,122212,122219,122222,122234,122236,122305,122309,122346,122349,122374,122381,122390,122393,122405,122411,122417,122419,122425,122430,122509,122513,122554,122558,122560,122587,122590,122613,122616,122622,122625,122662,122674,122681,122683,122734,122737,122769,122772,122774,122781,122783,122798,122800,122857,122861,122885,122887,122892,122908,122915,122919,122922,123005,123015,123017,123022,123025,123031,123034,123040,123043,123049,123052,123059,123067,123069,123114],[10,121431,3603,121433,3607],{"id":121432},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121434,47497],{},[20,121436,32120,121437,121439],{},[15,121438,47497],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121441,121442,121443,121445],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121444,47497],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[219,121447,2022],{"id":2021},[41,121449,121451],{"className":43,"code":121450,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121452,121453,121461,121475,121479,121489],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121454,121455,121457,121459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121456,21426],{"class":56},[50,121458,61],{"class":60},[50,121460,45038],{"class":101},[50,121462,121463,121465,121467,121469,121471,121473],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121464,34492],{"class":56},[50,121466,61],{"class":60},[50,121468,48718],{"class":1779},[50,121470,122],{"class":64},[50,121472,94],{"class":125},[50,121474,414],{"class":64},[50,121476,121477],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121478,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121480,121481,121483,121485,121487],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,121482,119],{"class":118},[50,121484,122],{"class":64},[50,121486,34513],{"class":125},[50,121488,414],{"class":64},[50,121490,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499,121501],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,121492,119],{"class":118},[50,121494,122],{"class":64},[50,121496,1780],{"class":1779},[50,121498,122],{"class":64},[50,121500,34513],{"class":125},[50,121502,1770],{"class":64},[20,121504,121505],{},[997,121506,2091],{},[41,121508,121510],{"className":43,"code":121509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121511,121512,121516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121513,121514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121515,2732],{"class":101},[50,121517,121518,121520,121522,121524,121526,121528],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121519,3315],{"class":60},[50,121521,3318],{"class":2085},[50,121523,3321],{"class":68},[50,121525,3470],{"class":72},[50,121527,1736],{"class":68},[50,121529,3328],{"class":60},[20,121531,212,121532,121534],{},[15,121533,47497],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[219,121536,222,121538,225],{"id":121537},"what-str-does",[15,121539,47497],{},[20,121541,121542,121544],{},[15,121543,47497],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121546,2128],{},[233,121548,121549,121556,121563,121570],{},[236,121550,121551,121552,41966,121554],{},"An integer like ",[15,121553,2352],{},[15,121555,41937],{},[236,121557,121558,121559,41966,121561],{},"A float like ",[15,121560,39953],{},[15,121562,47908],{},[236,121564,121565,121566,41966,121568],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121567,3632],{},[15,121569,6666],{},[236,121571,121572,121573,41966,121575],{},"A list like ",[15,121574,75065],{},[15,121576,121577],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121579,121580],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[233,121582,121583,121586,121589,121592],{},[236,121584,121585],{},"print it",[236,121587,121588],{},"combine it with other strings",[236,121590,121591],{},"save it to a file",[236,121593,121594],{},"use it in messages",[219,121596,387],{"id":386},[20,121598,7243],{},[41,121600,121602],{"className":43,"code":121601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"str(object)\n",[15,121603,121604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121605,121606,121608,121610,121612],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121607,3470],{"class":1779},[50,121609,122],{"class":64},[50,121611,42210],{"class":1779},[50,121613,414],{"class":64},[20,121615,1212,121616,121618],{},[15,121617,42210],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121620,121621,8251],{},[15,121622,47497],{},[20,121624,121625],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[41,121627,121629],{"className":43,"code":121628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121630,121631,121640,121663,121667],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121632,121633,121635,121637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121634,5118],{"class":56},[50,121636,61],{"class":60},[50,121638,121639],{"class":101}," 100\n",[50,121641,121642,121644,121646,121648,121651,121653,121655,121657,121659,121661],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121643,89826],{"class":56},[50,121645,61],{"class":60},[50,121647,81],{"class":68},[50,121649,121650],{"class":72},"Your score is ",[50,121652,69],{"class":68},[50,121654,2476],{"class":60},[50,121656,48718],{"class":1779},[50,121658,122],{"class":64},[50,121660,85339],{"class":125},[50,121662,414],{"class":64},[50,121664,121665],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121666,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121668,121669,121671,121673,121675],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,121670,119],{"class":118},[50,121672,122],{"class":64},[50,121674,89843],{"class":125},[50,121676,414],{"class":64},[20,121678,121679],{},[997,121680,2091],{},[41,121682,121684],{"className":43,"code":121683,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121685,121686],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121687,121688,121691,121693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121689,121690],{"class":56},"Your score ",[50,121692,12207],{"class":60},[50,121694,121639],{"class":101},[20,121696,2317,121697,121701],{},[380,121698,121699,2324],{"href":2320},[15,121700,2323],{}," can help you check.",[219,121703,121705],{"id":121704},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[811,121707,121709],{"id":121708},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[41,121711,121713],{"className":43,"code":121712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121714,121715,121723,121737,121741,121751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121716,121717,121719,121721],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121718,2237],{"class":56},[50,121720,61],{"class":60},[50,121722,2610],{"class":101},[50,121724,121725,121727,121729,121731,121733,121735],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121726,34492],{"class":56},[50,121728,61],{"class":60},[50,121730,48718],{"class":1779},[50,121732,122],{"class":64},[50,121734,2260],{"class":125},[50,121736,414],{"class":64},[50,121738,121739],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121740,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121742,121743,121745,121747,121749],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,121744,119],{"class":118},[50,121746,122],{"class":64},[50,121748,34513],{"class":125},[50,121750,414],{"class":64},[50,121752,121753,121755,121757,121759,121761,121763],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,121754,119],{"class":118},[50,121756,122],{"class":64},[50,121758,1780],{"class":1779},[50,121760,122],{"class":64},[50,121762,34513],{"class":125},[50,121764,1770],{"class":64},[20,121766,121767],{},[997,121768,2091],{},[41,121770,121772],{"className":43,"code":121771,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121773,121774,121778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121775,121776],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121777,2398],{"class":101},[50,121779,121780,121782,121784,121786,121788,121790],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121781,3315],{"class":60},[50,121783,3318],{"class":2085},[50,121785,3321],{"class":68},[50,121787,3470],{"class":72},[50,121789,1736],{"class":68},[50,121791,3328],{"class":60},[811,121793,121795],{"id":121794},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[41,121797,121799],{"className":43,"code":121798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121800,121801,121810,121824,121828,121838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121802,121803,121805,121807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121804,40197],{"class":56},[50,121806,61],{"class":60},[50,121808,121809],{"class":101}," 3.14\n",[50,121811,121812,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121813,34492],{"class":56},[50,121815,61],{"class":60},[50,121817,48718],{"class":1779},[50,121819,122],{"class":64},[50,121821,24949],{"class":125},[50,121823,414],{"class":64},[50,121825,121826],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121827,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121829,121830,121832,121834,121836],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,121831,119],{"class":118},[50,121833,122],{"class":64},[50,121835,34513],{"class":125},[50,121837,414],{"class":64},[50,121839,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,121841,119],{"class":118},[50,121843,122],{"class":64},[50,121845,1780],{"class":1779},[50,121847,122],{"class":64},[50,121849,34513],{"class":125},[50,121851,1770],{"class":64},[20,121853,121854],{},[997,121855,2091],{},[41,121857,121859],{"className":43,"code":121858,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121860,121861,121865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121862,121863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121864,39987],{"class":101},[50,121866,121867,121869,121871,121873,121875,121877],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121868,3315],{"class":60},[50,121870,3318],{"class":2085},[50,121872,3321],{"class":68},[50,121874,3470],{"class":72},[50,121876,1736],{"class":68},[50,121878,3328],{"class":60},[811,121880,121882],{"id":121881},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[41,121884,121886],{"className":43,"code":121885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121887,121888,121896,121910,121914,121924],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121889,121890,121892,121894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121891,2468],{"class":56},[50,121893,61],{"class":60},[50,121895,6447],{"class":1494},[50,121897,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121899,34492],{"class":56},[50,121901,61],{"class":60},[50,121903,48718],{"class":1779},[50,121905,122],{"class":64},[50,121907,2495],{"class":125},[50,121909,414],{"class":64},[50,121911,121912],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121913,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121915,121916,121918,121920,121922],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,121917,119],{"class":118},[50,121919,122],{"class":64},[50,121921,34513],{"class":125},[50,121923,414],{"class":64},[50,121925,121926,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,121927,119],{"class":118},[50,121929,122],{"class":64},[50,121931,1780],{"class":1779},[50,121933,122],{"class":64},[50,121935,34513],{"class":125},[50,121937,1770],{"class":64},[20,121939,121940],{},[997,121941,2091],{},[41,121943,121945],{"className":43,"code":121944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121946,121947,121951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121948,121949],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121950,4002],{"class":1494},[50,121952,121953,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121954,3315],{"class":60},[50,121956,3318],{"class":2085},[50,121958,3321],{"class":68},[50,121960,3470],{"class":72},[50,121962,1736],{"class":68},[50,121964,3328],{"class":60},[811,121966,121968],{"id":121967},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[41,121970,121972],{"className":43,"code":121971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121973,121974,121994,122008,122012,122022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121975,121976,121978,121980,121982,121984,121986,121988,121990,121992],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121977,7805],{"class":56},[50,121979,61],{"class":60},[50,121981,3652],{"class":64},[50,121983,3011],{"class":101},[50,121985,89],{"class":64},[50,121987,3016],{"class":101},[50,121989,89],{"class":64},[50,121991,2473],{"class":101},[50,121993,788],{"class":64},[50,121995,121996,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121997,34492],{"class":56},[50,121999,61],{"class":60},[50,122001,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122003,122],{"class":64},[50,122005,7836],{"class":125},[50,122007,414],{"class":64},[50,122009,122010],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122011,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122013,122014,122016,122018,122020],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122015,119],{"class":118},[50,122017,122],{"class":64},[50,122019,34513],{"class":125},[50,122021,414],{"class":64},[50,122023,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,122025,119],{"class":118},[50,122027,122],{"class":64},[50,122029,1780],{"class":1779},[50,122031,122],{"class":64},[50,122033,34513],{"class":125},[50,122035,1770],{"class":64},[20,122037,122038],{},[997,122039,2091],{},[41,122041,122043],{"className":43,"code":122042,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122044,122045,122061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122046,122047,122049,122051,122053,122055,122057,122059],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122048,779],{"class":64},[50,122050,3011],{"class":101},[50,122052,89],{"class":64},[50,122054,3016],{"class":101},[50,122056,89],{"class":64},[50,122058,2473],{"class":101},[50,122060,788],{"class":64},[50,122062,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071,122073],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122064,3315],{"class":60},[50,122066,3318],{"class":2085},[50,122068,3321],{"class":68},[50,122070,3470],{"class":72},[50,122072,1736],{"class":68},[50,122074,3328],{"class":60},[20,122076,122077,122078,122080],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[997,122079,1262],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[219,122082,582,122084],{"id":122083},"when-to-use-str",[15,122085,47497],{},[20,122087,212,122088,122090],{},[15,122089,47497],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122092,36233],{},[233,122094,122095,122098,122101,122104],{},[236,122096,122097],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[236,122099,122100],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[236,122102,122103],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[236,122105,122106],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122108,253],{},[41,122110,122112],{"className":43,"code":122111,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122113,122114,122126,122134,122138,122173],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122115,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122117,7903],{"class":56},[50,122119,61],{"class":60},[50,122121,81],{"class":68},[50,122123,11523],{"class":72},[50,122125,3384],{"class":68},[50,122127,122128,122130,122132],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122129,21426],{"class":56},[50,122131,61],{"class":60},[50,122133,45038],{"class":101},[50,122135,122136],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122137,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122139,122140,122142,122144,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160,122162,122164,122166,122168,122171],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122141,89826],{"class":56},[50,122143,61],{"class":60},[50,122145,35775],{"class":56},[50,122147,2079],{"class":60},[50,122149,81],{"class":68},[50,122151,4807],{"class":72},[50,122153,69],{"class":68},[50,122155,2476],{"class":60},[50,122157,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122159,122],{"class":64},[50,122161,94],{"class":125},[50,122163,1206],{"class":64},[50,122165,2476],{"class":60},[50,122167,81],{"class":68},[50,122169,122170],{"class":72}," years old.",[50,122172,3384],{"class":68},[50,122174,122175,122177,122179,122181],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,122176,119],{"class":118},[50,122178,122],{"class":64},[50,122180,89843],{"class":125},[50,122182,414],{"class":64},[20,122184,122185],{},[997,122186,2091],{},[41,122188,122190],{"className":43,"code":122189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122191,122192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122193,122194,122197,122199,122201,122204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122195,122196],{"class":56},"Maya ",[50,122198,12207],{"class":60},[50,122200,102],{"class":101},[50,122202,122203],{"class":56}," years old",[50,122205,122206],{"class":64},".\n",[20,122208,122209,122210,129],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[380,122211,89512],{"href":89511},[219,122213,122215,10608,122217],{"id":122214},"str-vs-print",[15,122216,47497],{},[15,122218,46265],{},[20,122220,122221],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[233,122223,122224,122229],{},[236,122225,122226,122228],{},[15,122227,47497],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[236,122230,122231,122233],{},[15,122232,46265],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122235,253],{},[41,122237,122239],{"className":43,"code":122238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122240,122241,122249,122253,122267,122277,122291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122242,122243,122245,122247],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122244,2468],{"class":56},[50,122246,61],{"class":60},[50,122248,2792],{"class":101},[50,122250,122251],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122252,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122254,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122256,34492],{"class":56},[50,122258,61],{"class":60},[50,122260,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122262,122],{"class":64},[50,122264,2495],{"class":125},[50,122266,414],{"class":64},[50,122268,122269,122271,122273,122275],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122270,119],{"class":118},[50,122272,122],{"class":64},[50,122274,34513],{"class":125},[50,122276,414],{"class":64},[50,122278,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,122280,119],{"class":118},[50,122282,122],{"class":64},[50,122284,1780],{"class":1779},[50,122286,122],{"class":64},[50,122288,34513],{"class":125},[50,122290,1770],{"class":64},[50,122292,122293,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,122294,119],{"class":118},[50,122296,122],{"class":64},[50,122298,1780],{"class":1779},[50,122300,122],{"class":64},[50,122302,2495],{"class":125},[50,122304,1770],{"class":64},[20,122306,122307],{},[997,122308,2091],{},[41,122310,122312],{"className":43,"code":122311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122313,122314,122318,122332],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122315,122316],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122317,46425],{"class":101},[50,122319,122320,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122321,3315],{"class":60},[50,122323,3318],{"class":2085},[50,122325,3321],{"class":68},[50,122327,3470],{"class":72},[50,122329,1736],{"class":68},[50,122331,3328],{"class":60},[50,122333,122334,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122335,3315],{"class":60},[50,122337,3318],{"class":2085},[50,122339,3321],{"class":68},[50,122341,2209],{"class":72},[50,122343,1736],{"class":68},[50,122345,3328],{"class":60},[20,122347,122348],{},"Notice:",[233,122350,122351,122357,122362],{},[236,122352,122353,122356],{},[15,122354,122355],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[236,122358,122359,122361],{},[15,122360,46265],{}," only displayed values",[236,122363,122364,122366,122367,122369,122370,61119,122372],{},[15,122365,46265],{}," did not change ",[15,122368,2495],{}," from ",[15,122371,2209],{},[15,122373,3470],{},[20,122375,122376,122377,129],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[380,122378,122379,2324],{"href":46262},[15,122380,46265],{},[219,122382,122384,10608,122386,122389],{"id":122383},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122385,47497],{},[15,122387,122388],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122391,122392],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[233,122394,122395,122400],{},[236,122396,122397,122399],{},[15,122398,47497],{}," is the more readable text version",[236,122401,122402,122404],{},[15,122403,122388],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122406,122407,122408,122410],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122409,47497],{}," much more often.",[20,122412,122413,122414,122416],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122415,47497],{}," is usually the right choice.",[219,122418,4543],{"id":4542},[811,122420,25574,122422,122424],{"id":122421},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122423,47497],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122426,122427,122429],{},[15,122428,47497],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[41,122431,122433],{"className":43,"code":122432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122434,122435,122443,122457,122461,122471,122485,122495],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122436,122437,122439,122441],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122438,21426],{"class":56},[50,122440,61],{"class":60},[50,122442,45038],{"class":101},[50,122444,122445,122447,122449,122451,122453,122455],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122446,34492],{"class":56},[50,122448,61],{"class":60},[50,122450,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122452,122],{"class":64},[50,122454,94],{"class":125},[50,122456,414],{"class":64},[50,122458,122459],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122460,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122462,122463,122465,122467,122469],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122464,119],{"class":118},[50,122466,122],{"class":64},[50,122468,94],{"class":125},[50,122470,414],{"class":64},[50,122472,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481,122483],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,122474,119],{"class":118},[50,122476,122],{"class":64},[50,122478,1780],{"class":1779},[50,122480,122],{"class":64},[50,122482,94],{"class":125},[50,122484,1770],{"class":64},[50,122486,122487,122489,122491,122493],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,122488,119],{"class":118},[50,122490,122],{"class":64},[50,122492,34513],{"class":125},[50,122494,414],{"class":64},[50,122496,122497,122499,122501,122503,122505,122507],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,122498,119],{"class":118},[50,122500,122],{"class":64},[50,122502,1780],{"class":1779},[50,122504,122],{"class":64},[50,122506,34513],{"class":125},[50,122508,1770],{"class":64},[20,122510,122511],{},[997,122512,2091],{},[41,122514,122516],{"className":43,"code":122515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122517,122518,122522,122536,122540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122519,122520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122521,2732],{"class":101},[50,122523,122524,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122525,3315],{"class":60},[50,122527,3318],{"class":2085},[50,122529,3321],{"class":68},[50,122531,2209],{"class":72},[50,122533,1736],{"class":68},[50,122535,3328],{"class":60},[50,122537,122538],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122539,2732],{"class":101},[50,122541,122542,122544,122546,122548,122550,122552],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122543,3315],{"class":60},[50,122545,3318],{"class":2085},[50,122547,3321],{"class":68},[50,122549,3470],{"class":72},[50,122551,1736],{"class":68},[50,122553,3328],{"class":60},[811,122555,122557],{"id":122556},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122559,6713],{},[41,122561,122563],{"className":43,"code":122562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122564,122565,122573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122566,122567,122569,122571],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122568,21426],{"class":56},[50,122570,61],{"class":60},[50,122572,45038],{"class":101},[50,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122576,34492],{"class":56},[50,122578,61],{"class":60},[50,122580,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122582,122],{"class":64},[50,122584,94],{"class":125},[50,122586,414],{"class":64},[20,122588,122589],{},"But if you only do this:",[41,122591,122593],{"className":43,"code":122592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122594,122595,122603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122596,122597,122599,122601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122598,21426],{"class":56},[50,122600,61],{"class":60},[50,122602,45038],{"class":101},[50,122604,122605,122607,122609,122611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122606,3470],{"class":1779},[50,122608,122],{"class":64},[50,122610,94],{"class":125},[50,122612,414],{"class":64},[20,122614,122615],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[811,122617,8444,122619,122621],{"id":122618},"using-str-too-early",[15,122620,47497],{}," too early",[20,122623,122624],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[41,122626,122628],{"className":43,"code":122627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122629,122630,122638,122653,122657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122631,122632,122634,122636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122633,40197],{"class":56},[50,122635,61],{"class":60},[50,122637,2610],{"class":101},[50,122639,122640,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122641,122642],{"class":56},"text_price ",[50,122644,61],{"class":60},[50,122646,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122648,122],{"class":64},[50,122650,24949],{"class":125},[50,122652,414],{"class":64},[50,122654,122655],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122656,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122658,122659],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122660,122661],{"class":146},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122663,122664,122665,2901,122669,122673],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[380,122666,122667],{"href":2897},[15,122668,2900],{},[380,122670,122671],{"href":2904},[15,122672,2907],{},", depending on the situation.",[811,122675,8480,122677,122680],{"id":122676},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122678,122679],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122682,64462],{},[41,122684,122686],{"className":43,"code":122685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122687,122688,122720],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122689,122690,122692,122694,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712,122714,122716,122718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122691,7805],{"class":56},[50,122693,61],{"class":60},[50,122695,3652],{"class":64},[50,122697,69],{"class":68},[50,122699,4102],{"class":72},[50,122701,69],{"class":68},[50,122703,89],{"class":64},[50,122705,81],{"class":68},[50,122707,4111],{"class":72},[50,122709,69],{"class":68},[50,122711,89],{"class":64},[50,122713,81],{"class":68},[50,122715,33024],{"class":72},[50,122717,69],{"class":68},[50,122719,788],{"class":64},[50,122721,122722,122724,122726,122728,122730,122732],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122723,119],{"class":118},[50,122725,122],{"class":64},[50,122727,3470],{"class":1779},[50,122729,122],{"class":64},[50,122731,7836],{"class":125},[50,122733,1770],{"class":64},[20,122735,122736],{},"prints:",[41,122738,122739],{"className":43,"code":72655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,122740,122741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122742,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122744,779],{"class":64},[50,122746,1736],{"class":68},[50,122748,4102],{"class":72},[50,122750,1736],{"class":68},[50,122752,89],{"class":64},[50,122754,3321],{"class":68},[50,122756,4111],{"class":72},[50,122758,1736],{"class":68},[50,122760,89],{"class":64},[50,122762,3321],{"class":68},[50,122764,33024],{"class":72},[50,122766,1736],{"class":68},[50,122768,788],{"class":64},[20,122770,122771],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[219,122773,17411],{"id":17410},[20,122775,122776,21773,122778,129],{},[15,122777,47497],{},[997,122779,122780],{},"new string",[20,122782,11473],{},[233,122784,122785,122788,122791],{},[236,122786,122787],{},"It always returns a string",[236,122789,122790],{},"It does not modify the original object",[236,122792,7788,122793,122797],{},[380,122794,122795],{"href":2320},[15,122796,2323],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122799,253],{},[41,122801,122803],{"className":43,"code":122802,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122804,122805,122813,122828,122832,122843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122806,122807,122809,122811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122808,2468],{"class":56},[50,122810,61],{"class":60},[50,122812,14136],{"class":101},[50,122814,122815,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122816,122817],{"class":56},"converted ",[50,122819,61],{"class":60},[50,122821,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122823,122],{"class":64},[50,122825,2495],{"class":125},[50,122827,414],{"class":64},[50,122829,122830],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122831,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122833,122834,122836,122838,122841],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122835,119],{"class":118},[50,122837,122],{"class":64},[50,122839,122840],{"class":125},"converted",[50,122842,414],{"class":64},[50,122844,122845,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,122846,119],{"class":118},[50,122848,122],{"class":64},[50,122850,1780],{"class":1779},[50,122852,122],{"class":64},[50,122854,122840],{"class":125},[50,122856,1770],{"class":64},[20,122858,122859],{},[997,122860,2091],{},[41,122862,122864],{"className":43,"code":122863,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122865,122866,122871],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122867,122868],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122869,122870],{"class":101},"99\n",[50,122872,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881,122883],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122874,3315],{"class":60},[50,122876,3318],{"class":2085},[50,122878,3321],{"class":68},[50,122880,3470],{"class":72},[50,122882,1736],{"class":68},[50,122884,3328],{"class":60},[219,122886,113546],{"id":113545},[20,122888,122889,122890,74634],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122891,47497],{},[233,122893,122894,122897,122900,122905],{},[236,122895,122896],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[236,122898,122899],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[236,122901,8444,122902,122904],{},[15,122903,47497],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[236,122906,122907],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122909,122910,122911,129],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[380,122912,25479,122913],{"href":90224},[15,122914,90225],{},[219,122916,122918],{"id":122917},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122920,122921],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[41,122923,122925],{"className":43,"code":122924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122926,122927,122935,122939,122949,122963,122967,122981,122991],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122928,122929,122931,122933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122930,2468],{"class":56},[50,122932,61],{"class":60},[50,122934,45038],{"class":101},[50,122936,122937],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122938,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122940,122941,122943,122945,122947],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122942,119],{"class":118},[50,122944,122],{"class":64},[50,122946,2495],{"class":125},[50,122948,414],{"class":64},[50,122950,122951,122953,122955,122957,122959,122961],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,122952,119],{"class":118},[50,122954,122],{"class":64},[50,122956,1780],{"class":1779},[50,122958,122],{"class":64},[50,122960,2495],{"class":125},[50,122962,1770],{"class":64},[50,122964,122965],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,122966,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122968,122969,122971,122973,122975,122977,122979],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,122970,122817],{"class":56},[50,122972,61],{"class":60},[50,122974,48718],{"class":1779},[50,122976,122],{"class":64},[50,122978,2495],{"class":125},[50,122980,414],{"class":64},[50,122982,122983,122985,122987,122989],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,122984,119],{"class":118},[50,122986,122],{"class":64},[50,122988,122840],{"class":125},[50,122990,414],{"class":64},[50,122992,122993,122995,122997,122999,123001,123003],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,122994,119],{"class":118},[50,122996,122],{"class":64},[50,122998,1780],{"class":1779},[50,123000,122],{"class":64},[50,123002,122840],{"class":125},[50,123004,1770],{"class":64},[20,123006,123007,123008,32,123010,123012,123013,129],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123009,2209],{},[15,123011,2212],{},", or another type into ",[15,123014,3470],{},[219,123016,1857],{"id":1856},[811,123018,5164,123020,5167],{"id":123019},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123021,47497],{},[20,123023,123024],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[811,123026,1861,123028,123030],{"id":123027},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123029,47497],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123032,123033],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[811,123035,5192,123037,123039],{"id":123036},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123038,47497],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123041,123042],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[811,123044,94410,123046,123048],{"id":123045},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123047,47497],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123050,123051],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[811,123053,14907,123055,57022,123057,1867],{"id":123054},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123056,47497],{},[15,123058,46265],{},[20,123060,46178,123061,123063,123064,123066],{},[15,123062,47497],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123065,46265],{}," shows output.",[219,123068,1909],{"id":1908},[233,123070,123071,123077,123083,123089,123095,123104,123108],{},[236,123072,123073],{},[380,123074,123075,3536],{"href":46262},[15,123076,46265],{},[236,123078,123079],{},[380,123080,123081,3536],{"href":2320},[15,123082,2323],{},[236,123084,123085],{},[380,123086,123087,3536],{"href":2897},[15,123088,2900],{},[236,123090,123091],{},[380,123092,123093,3536],{"href":2904},[15,123094,2907],{},[236,123096,123097],{},[380,123098,123100,123101,123103],{"href":123099},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123102,2209],{}," to string in Python",[236,123105,123106],{},[380,123107,90502],{"href":89511},[236,123109,123110],{},[380,123111,30149,123112],{"href":90224},[15,123113,90225],{},[1944,123115,123116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":123118},[123119,123120,123122,123123,123129,123131,123133,123135,123144,123145,123146,123147,123159],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":121537,"depth":108,"text":123121},"What str() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":121704,"depth":108,"text":121705,"children":123124},[123125,123126,123127,123128],{"id":121708,"depth":115,"text":121709},{"id":121794,"depth":115,"text":121795},{"id":121881,"depth":115,"text":121882},{"id":121967,"depth":115,"text":121968},{"id":122083,"depth":108,"text":123130},"When to use str()",{"id":122214,"depth":108,"text":123132},"str() vs print()",{"id":122383,"depth":108,"text":123134},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":123136},[123137,123139,123140,123142],{"id":122421,"depth":115,"text":123138},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122556,"depth":115,"text":122557},{"id":122618,"depth":115,"text":123141},"Using str() too early",{"id":122676,"depth":115,"text":123143},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":113545,"depth":108,"text":113546},{"id":122917,"depth":108,"text":122918},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":123148},[123149,123151,123153,123155,123157],{"id":123019,"depth":115,"text":123150},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123027,"depth":115,"text":123152},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123036,"depth":115,"text":123154},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123045,"depth":115,"text":123156},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123054,"depth":115,"text":123158},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41987,"description":123160},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123167,"title":123168,"body":123169,"description":124622,"extension":1981,"meta":124623,"navigation":111,"path":124624,"seo":124625,"stem":124626,"__hash__":124627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123170,"toc":124584},[123171,123177,123183,123186,123208,123210,123272,123274,123287,123293,123298,123303,123305,123318,123329,123331,123358,123360,123377,123384,123395,123397,123402,123404,123416,123424,123433,123435,123438,123491,123493,123501,123509,123513,123518,123558,123560,123568,123571,123573,123613,123615,123623,123633,123639,123642,123715,123717,123730,123734,123739,123767,123770,123805,123807,123815,123818,123822,123826,123828,123844,123846,123886,123888,123896,123905,123948,123950,123958,123960,123964,123970,123973,124013,124015,124023,124028,124031,124074,124078,124081,124116,124121,124123,124162,124172,124180,124190,124198,124202,124207,124209,124250,124252,124260,124265,124268,124271,124289,124295,124299,124304,124307,124347,124349,124354,124453,124456,124472,124474,124493,124495,124502,124505,124511,124514,124520,124524,124530,124533,124539,124542,124544,124581],[10,123172,123174,123175,18],{"id":123173},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123176,57107],{},[20,123178,123179,123180,123182],{},"The Python string ",[15,123181,57107],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123184,123185],{},"This reference page explains:",[233,123187,123188,123192,123195,123197,123205],{},[236,123189,25819,123190,225],{},[15,123191,57107],{},[236,123193,123194],{},"its syntax",[236,123196,35200],{},[236,123198,123199,123200,1846,123202,123204],{},"how ",[15,123201,35879],{},[15,123203,52476],{}," work",[236,123206,123207],{},"common beginner mistakes",[219,123209,2022],{"id":2021},[41,123211,123213],{"className":43,"code":123212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123214,123215,123227,123249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123216,123217,123219,123221,123223,123225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123218,34492],{"class":56},[50,123220,61],{"class":60},[50,123222,81],{"class":68},[50,123224,4111],{"class":72},[50,123226,3384],{"class":68},[50,123228,123229,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243,123245,123247],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123230,119],{"class":118},[50,123232,122],{"class":64},[50,123234,34513],{"class":125},[50,123236,129],{"class":64},[50,123238,41070],{"class":125},[50,123240,122],{"class":64},[50,123242,69],{"class":68},[50,123244,380],{"class":72},[50,123246,69],{"class":68},[50,123248,1770],{"class":64},[50,123250,123251,123253,123255,123257,123259,123261,123263,123265,123268,123270],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,123252,119],{"class":118},[50,123254,122],{"class":64},[50,123256,34513],{"class":125},[50,123258,129],{"class":64},[50,123260,41070],{"class":125},[50,123262,122],{"class":64},[50,123264,69],{"class":68},[50,123266,123267],{"class":72},"na",[50,123269,69],{"class":68},[50,123271,1770],{"class":64},[20,123273,2091],{},[41,123275,123277],{"className":43,"code":123276,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n2\n",[15,123278,123279,123283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123280,123281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123282,46430],{"class":101},[50,123284,123285],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123286,17055],{"class":101},[20,123288,212,123289,123292],{},[15,123290,123291],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[219,123294,13005,123296,13008],{"id":123295},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123297,57107],{},[20,123299,123300,123302],{},[15,123301,57107],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123304,13060],{},[233,123306,123307,123310,123313,123315],{},[236,123308,123309],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[236,123311,123312],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[236,123314,43470],{},[236,123316,123317],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123319,123320,123321,123323,123324,32,123326,123328],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123322,18089],{}," characters are in ",[15,123325,65093],{},[15,123327,57107],{}," is a simple choice.",[219,123330,387],{"id":386},[41,123332,123334],{"className":43,"code":123333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123335,123336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123337,123338,123340,123342,123344,123346,123348,123350,123352,123354,123356],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123339,60992],{"class":56},[50,123341,129],{"class":64},[50,123343,41070],{"class":125},[50,123345,122],{"class":64},[50,123347,2495],{"class":125},[50,123349,89],{"class":64},[50,123351,35858],{"class":125},[50,123353,89],{"class":64},[50,123355,64859],{"class":125},[50,123357,414],{"class":64},[811,123359,17387],{"id":17386},[233,123361,123362,123367,123372],{},[236,123363,123364,123366],{},[15,123365,2495],{},": the text to search for",[236,123368,123369,123371],{},[15,123370,35879],{},": optional; where counting begins",[236,123373,123374,123376],{},[15,123375,52476],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123378,123379,1846,123381,123383],{},[15,123380,35879],{},[15,123382,52476],{}," work like slice positions:",[233,123385,123386,123391],{},[236,123387,123388,123390],{},[15,123389,35879],{}," is included",[236,123392,123393,75560],{},[15,123394,52476],{},[219,123396,17411],{"id":17410},[20,123398,123399,123401],{},[15,123400,57107],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123403,2146],{},[233,123405,123406,123411],{},[236,123407,123408,123409],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123410,2082],{},[236,123412,123413,123414],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123415,1215],{},[20,123417,40716,123418,5183,123420,2901,123422,129],{},[997,123419,1262],{},[15,123421,3632],{},[15,123423,3702],{},[20,123425,123426,123427,123432],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[380,123428,123430,101420],{"href":123429},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123431,1562],{}," is often a better fit.",[219,123434,11490],{"id":11489},[20,123436,123437],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[41,123439,123441],{"className":43,"code":123440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123442,123443,123455,123477,123481],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123444,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123446,34492],{"class":56},[50,123448,61],{"class":60},[50,123450,81],{"class":68},[50,123452,4102],{"class":72},[50,123454,3384],{"class":68},[50,123456,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471,123473,123475],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123458,2250],{"class":56},[50,123460,61],{"class":60},[50,123462,42653],{"class":56},[50,123464,129],{"class":64},[50,123466,41070],{"class":125},[50,123468,122],{"class":64},[50,123470,69],{"class":68},[50,123472,20],{"class":72},[50,123474,69],{"class":68},[50,123476,414],{"class":64},[50,123478,123479],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,123480,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,123482,123483,123485,123487,123489],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,123484,119],{"class":118},[50,123486,122],{"class":64},[50,123488,2285],{"class":125},[50,123490,414],{"class":64},[20,123492,2091],{},[41,123494,123495],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123496,123497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123498,123499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123500,17055],{"class":101},[20,123502,63638,123503,123506,123507,129],{},[15,123504,123505],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123508,57650],{},[219,123510,123512],{"id":123511},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123514,123515,123517],{},[15,123516,57107],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[41,123519,123521],{"className":43,"code":123520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123522,123523,123536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123524,123525,123527,123529,123531,123534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123526,34492],{"class":56},[50,123528,61],{"class":60},[50,123530,81],{"class":68},[50,123532,123533],{"class":72},"cat dog cat bird cat",[50,123535,3384],{"class":68},[50,123537,123538,123540,123542,123544,123546,123548,123550,123552,123554,123556],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123539,119],{"class":118},[50,123541,122],{"class":64},[50,123543,34513],{"class":125},[50,123545,129],{"class":64},[50,123547,41070],{"class":125},[50,123549,122],{"class":64},[50,123551,69],{"class":68},[50,123553,36855],{"class":72},[50,123555,69],{"class":68},[50,123557,1770],{"class":64},[20,123559,2091],{},[41,123561,123562],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123563,123564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123565,123566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123567,46430],{"class":101},[20,123569,123570],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123572,253],{},[41,123574,123576],{"className":43,"code":123575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123577,123578,123591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123579,123580,123582,123584,123586,123589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123581,34492],{"class":56},[50,123583,61],{"class":60},[50,123585,81],{"class":68},[50,123587,123588],{"class":72},"one One one",[50,123590,3384],{"class":68},[50,123592,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605,123607,123609,123611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123594,119],{"class":118},[50,123596,122],{"class":64},[50,123598,34513],{"class":125},[50,123600,129],{"class":64},[50,123602,41070],{"class":125},[50,123604,122],{"class":64},[50,123606,69],{"class":68},[50,123608,6610],{"class":72},[50,123610,69],{"class":68},[50,123612,1770],{"class":64},[20,123614,2091],{},[41,123616,123617],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123618,123619],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123620,123621],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123622,17055],{"class":101},[20,123624,123625,123626,123629,123630,123632],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123627,123628],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123631,57107],{}," is case-sensitive.",[219,123634,8444,123635,1846,123637],{"id":65225},[15,123636,35879],{},[15,123638,52476],{},[20,123640,123641],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[41,123643,123645],{"className":43,"code":123644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123646,123647,123659,123685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123648,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123650,34492],{"class":56},[50,123652,61],{"class":60},[50,123654,81],{"class":68},[50,123656,4111],{"class":72},[50,123658,3384],{"class":68},[50,123660,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671,123673,123675,123677,123679,123681,123683],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123662,119],{"class":118},[50,123664,122],{"class":64},[50,123666,34513],{"class":125},[50,123668,129],{"class":64},[50,123670,41070],{"class":125},[50,123672,122],{"class":64},[50,123674,69],{"class":68},[50,123676,380],{"class":72},[50,123678,69],{"class":68},[50,123680,89],{"class":64},[50,123682,3016],{"class":101},[50,123684,1770],{"class":64},[50,123686,123687,123689,123691,123693,123695,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,123688,119],{"class":118},[50,123690,122],{"class":64},[50,123692,34513],{"class":125},[50,123694,129],{"class":64},[50,123696,41070],{"class":125},[50,123698,122],{"class":64},[50,123700,69],{"class":68},[50,123702,380],{"class":72},[50,123704,69],{"class":68},[50,123706,89],{"class":64},[50,123708,3016],{"class":101},[50,123710,89],{"class":64},[50,123712,4629],{"class":101},[50,123714,1770],{"class":64},[20,123716,2091],{},[41,123718,123720],{"className":43,"code":123719,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n1\n",[15,123721,123722,123726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123723,123724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123725,17055],{"class":101},[50,123727,123728],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123729,46730],{"class":101},[811,123731,123733],{"id":123732},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123735,123736,123737,78],{},"In ",[15,123738,65093],{},[233,123740,123741,123749,123757],{},[236,123742,70784,123743,123745,123746],{},[15,123744,2076],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123747,123748],{},"\"n\"",[236,123750,123751,123754,123755,75858],{},[15,123752,123753],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123756,2076],{},[236,123758,123759,123754,123762,123764,123765],{},[15,123760,123761],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123763,2076],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123766,2157],{},[20,123768,123769],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[41,123771,123773],{"className":43,"code":123772,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123774,123775,123787],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123776,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123778,34492],{"class":56},[50,123780,61],{"class":60},[50,123782,81],{"class":68},[50,123784,4111],{"class":72},[50,123786,3384],{"class":68},[50,123788,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123790,119],{"class":118},[50,123792,122],{"class":64},[50,123794,34513],{"class":125},[50,123796,779],{"class":64},[50,123798,2076],{"class":101},[50,123800,78],{"class":64},[50,123802,2157],{"class":101},[50,123804,3911],{"class":64},[20,123806,2091],{},[41,123808,123809],{"className":43,"code":41279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123810,123811],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123812,123813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123814,41279],{"class":56},[20,123816,123817],{},"Only that section is searched.",[219,123819,123821],{"id":123820},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123823,123824,123632],{},[15,123825,57107],{},[20,123827,2128],{},[233,123829,123830,123838],{},[236,123831,123832,1846,123834,123837],{},[15,123833,18089],{},[15,123835,123836],{},"\"A\""," are different",[236,123839,123840,1846,123842,123837],{},[15,123841,64353],{},[15,123843,90237],{},[20,123845,253],{},[41,123847,123849],{"className":43,"code":123848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123850,123851,123864],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123852,123853,123855,123857,123859,123862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123854,34492],{"class":56},[50,123856,61],{"class":60},[50,123858,81],{"class":68},[50,123860,123861],{"class":72},"Apple apple APPLE",[50,123863,3384],{"class":68},[50,123865,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123867,119],{"class":118},[50,123869,122],{"class":64},[50,123871,34513],{"class":125},[50,123873,129],{"class":64},[50,123875,41070],{"class":125},[50,123877,122],{"class":64},[50,123879,69],{"class":68},[50,123881,4102],{"class":72},[50,123883,69],{"class":68},[50,123885,1770],{"class":64},[20,123887,2091],{},[41,123889,123890],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123891,123892],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123893,123894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123895,46730],{"class":101},[20,123897,123898,123899,78],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[380,123900,123902],{"href":123901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123903,123904],{},"lower()",[41,123906,123908],{"className":43,"code":123907,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123909,123910,123922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123911,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123913,34492],{"class":56},[50,123915,61],{"class":60},[50,123917,81],{"class":68},[50,123919,123861],{"class":72},[50,123921,3384],{"class":68},[50,123923,123924,123926,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123925,119],{"class":118},[50,123927,122],{"class":64},[50,123929,34513],{"class":125},[50,123931,129],{"class":64},[50,123933,8668],{"class":125},[50,123935,8665],{"class":64},[50,123937,41070],{"class":125},[50,123939,122],{"class":64},[50,123941,69],{"class":68},[50,123943,4102],{"class":72},[50,123945,69],{"class":68},[50,123947,1770],{"class":64},[20,123949,2091],{},[41,123951,123952],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123953,123954],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123955,123956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123957,46430],{"class":101},[219,123959,1663],{"id":1662},[20,123961,22893,123962,129],{},[15,123963,57107],{},[811,123965,8480,123967,123969],{"id":123966},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123968,57107],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123971,123972],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[41,123974,123976],{"className":43,"code":123975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123977,123978,123991],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123979,123980,123982,123984,123986,123989],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123981,34492],{"class":56},[50,123983,61],{"class":60},[50,123985,81],{"class":68},[50,123987,123988],{"class":72},"Aardvark",[50,123990,3384],{"class":68},[50,123992,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123994,119],{"class":118},[50,123996,122],{"class":64},[50,123998,34513],{"class":125},[50,124000,129],{"class":64},[50,124002,41070],{"class":125},[50,124004,122],{"class":64},[50,124006,69],{"class":68},[50,124008,380],{"class":72},[50,124010,69],{"class":68},[50,124012,1770],{"class":64},[20,124014,2091],{},[41,124016,124017],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124018,124019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124020,124021],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124022,17055],{"class":101},[20,124024,123625,124025,124027],{},[15,124026,123836],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124029,124030],{},"If needed, convert first:",[41,124032,124034],{"className":43,"code":124033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124035,124036,124048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124037,124038,124040,124042,124044,124046],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124039,34492],{"class":56},[50,124041,61],{"class":60},[50,124043,81],{"class":68},[50,124045,123988],{"class":72},[50,124047,3384],{"class":68},[50,124049,124050,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070,124072],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124051,119],{"class":118},[50,124053,122],{"class":64},[50,124055,34513],{"class":125},[50,124057,129],{"class":64},[50,124059,8668],{"class":125},[50,124061,8665],{"class":64},[50,124063,41070],{"class":125},[50,124065,122],{"class":64},[50,124067,69],{"class":68},[50,124069,380],{"class":72},[50,124071,69],{"class":68},[50,124073,1770],{"class":64},[811,124075,124077],{"id":124076},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124079,124080],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[41,124082,124084],{"className":43,"code":124083,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124085,124086,124098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124087,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124089,34492],{"class":56},[50,124091,61],{"class":60},[50,124093,81],{"class":68},[50,124095,4111],{"class":72},[50,124097,3384],{"class":68},[50,124099,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124101,119],{"class":118},[50,124103,122],{"class":64},[50,124105,34513],{"class":125},[50,124107,129],{"class":64},[50,124109,41070],{"class":125},[50,124111,122],{"class":64},[50,124113,380],{"class":125},[50,124115,1770],{"class":64},[20,124117,124118,124119,129],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124120,380],{},[20,124122,10827],{},[41,124124,124126],{"className":43,"code":124125,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124127,124128,124140],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124129,124130,124132,124134,124136,124138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124131,34492],{"class":56},[50,124133,61],{"class":60},[50,124135,81],{"class":68},[50,124137,4111],{"class":72},[50,124139,3384],{"class":68},[50,124141,124142,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124143,119],{"class":118},[50,124145,122],{"class":64},[50,124147,34513],{"class":125},[50,124149,129],{"class":64},[50,124151,41070],{"class":125},[50,124153,122],{"class":64},[50,124155,69],{"class":68},[50,124157,380],{"class":72},[50,124159,69],{"class":68},[50,124161,1770],{"class":64},[811,124163,37012,124165,8733,124167,2901,124170],{"id":124164},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124166,57107],{},[15,124168,124169],{},"find()",[15,124171,58785],{},[20,124173,212,124174,124176,124177,129],{},[15,124175,57107],{}," when you need the ",[997,124178,124179],{},"number of matches",[20,124181,212,124182,124176,124187,124189],{},[380,124183,124185],{"href":124184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124186,124169],{},[997,124188,64765],{}," of the first match.",[20,124191,212,124192,124197],{},[380,124193,124195],{"href":124194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124196,58785],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[811,124199,124201],{"id":124200},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124203,124204,124206],{},[15,124205,57107],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124208,253],{},[41,124210,124212],{"className":43,"code":124211,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124213,124214,124227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124215,124216,124218,124220,124222,124225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124217,34492],{"class":56},[50,124219,61],{"class":60},[50,124221,81],{"class":68},[50,124223,124224],{"class":72},"aaaa",[50,124226,3384],{"class":68},[50,124228,124229,124231,124233,124235,124237,124239,124241,124243,124246,124248],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124230,119],{"class":118},[50,124232,122],{"class":64},[50,124234,34513],{"class":125},[50,124236,129],{"class":64},[50,124238,41070],{"class":125},[50,124240,122],{"class":64},[50,124242,69],{"class":68},[50,124244,124245],{"class":72},"aa",[50,124247,69],{"class":68},[50,124249,1770],{"class":64},[20,124251,2091],{},[41,124253,124254],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124255,124256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124257,124258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124259,17055],{"class":101},[20,124261,124262,124263,129],{},"It does not return ",[15,124264,2082],{},[20,124266,124267],{},"Why not?",[20,124269,124270],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[233,124272,124273,124282],{},[236,124274,124275,124278,124279],{},[15,124276,124277],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124280,124281],{},"0-1",[236,124283,124284,124278,124286],{},[15,124285,124277],{},[15,124287,124288],{},"2-3",[20,124290,124291,124292,129],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124293,124294],{},"1-2",[219,124296,582,124297],{"id":58190},[15,124298,57107],{},[20,124300,212,124301,124303],{},[15,124302,57107],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124305,124306],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[233,124308,124309,124318,124328,124338],{},[236,124310,212,124311,124313,124314,124317],{},[15,124312,57107],{}," when you need ",[997,124315,124316],{},"how many times"," something appears",[236,124319,212,124320,124313,124324,124327],{},[380,124321,124322],{"href":124184},[15,124323,124169],{},[997,124325,124326],{},"where"," it appears",[236,124329,47624,124330,124334,124335],{},[380,124331,124332,101420],{"href":123429},[15,124333,1562],{}," when you only need to know ",[997,124336,124337],{},"if it exists",[236,124339,212,124340,124346],{},[380,124341,124343],{"href":124342},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124344,124345],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[219,124348,25742],{"id":25741},[20,124350,8904,124351,124353],{},[15,124352,57107],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[41,124355,124357],{"className":43,"code":124356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124358,124359,124369,124383,124405,124431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124360,124361,124363,124365,124367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124362,119],{"class":118},[50,124364,122],{"class":64},[50,124366,34513],{"class":125},[50,124368,414],{"class":64},[50,124370,124371,124373,124375,124377,124379,124381],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124372,119],{"class":118},[50,124374,122],{"class":64},[50,124376,1780],{"class":1779},[50,124378,122],{"class":64},[50,124380,34513],{"class":125},[50,124382,1770],{"class":64},[50,124384,124385,124387,124389,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,124386,119],{"class":118},[50,124388,122],{"class":64},[50,124390,34513],{"class":125},[50,124392,129],{"class":64},[50,124394,41070],{"class":125},[50,124396,122],{"class":64},[50,124398,69],{"class":68},[50,124400,380],{"class":72},[50,124402,69],{"class":68},[50,124404,1770],{"class":64},[50,124406,124407,124409,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419,124421,124423,124425,124427,124429],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,124408,119],{"class":118},[50,124410,122],{"class":64},[50,124412,34513],{"class":125},[50,124414,129],{"class":64},[50,124416,8668],{"class":125},[50,124418,8665],{"class":64},[50,124420,41070],{"class":125},[50,124422,122],{"class":64},[50,124424,69],{"class":68},[50,124426,380],{"class":72},[50,124428,69],{"class":68},[50,124430,1770],{"class":64},[50,124432,124433,124435,124437,124439,124441,124443,124445,124447,124449,124451],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,124434,119],{"class":118},[50,124436,122],{"class":64},[50,124438,34513],{"class":125},[50,124440,129],{"class":64},[50,124442,41070],{"class":125},[50,124444,122],{"class":64},[50,124446,69],{"class":68},[50,124448,123267],{"class":72},[50,124450,69],{"class":68},[50,124452,1770],{"class":64},[20,124454,124455],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[233,124457,124458,124461,124466,124469],{},[236,124459,124460],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[236,124462,124463,124465],{},[15,124464,34513],{}," not being a string",[236,124467,124468],{},"counting the wrong substring",[236,124470,124471],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124473,58679],{},[233,124475,124476,124479,124482,124485],{},[236,124477,124478],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[236,124480,124481],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[236,124483,124484],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[236,124486,50306,124487,44442,124489,2901,124491,73130],{},[15,124488,57107],{},[15,124490,124169],{},[15,124492,1562],{},[219,124494,1857],{"id":1856},[811,124496,124498,124499,124501],{"id":124497},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124500,57107],{}," change the original string?",[20,124503,124504],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[811,124506,14907,124508,124510],{"id":124507},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124509,57107],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124512,124513],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[811,124515,5164,124517,124519],{"id":124516},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124518,57107],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124521,5170,124522,129],{},[15,124523,1215],{},[811,124525,5192,124527,124529],{"id":124526},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124528,57107],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124531,124532],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[811,124534,1861,124536,124538],{"id":124535},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124537,57107],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124540,124541],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[219,124543,1909],{"id":1908},[233,124545,124546,124553,124560,124567,124574],{},[236,124547,124548],{},[380,124549,124550],{"href":124184},[15,124551,124552],{},"Python string find() method",[236,124554,124555],{},[380,124556,124557],{"href":124194},[15,124558,124559],{},"Python string index() method",[236,124561,124562],{},[380,124563,124564],{"href":123901},[15,124565,124566],{},"Python string lower() method",[236,124568,124569],{},[380,124570,124571],{"href":123429},[15,124572,124573],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[236,124575,124576],{},[380,124577,124578],{"href":124342},[15,124579,124580],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1944,124582,124583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":124585},[124586,124587,124589,124592,124593,124594,124595,124598,124599,124607,124608,124609,124621],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":123295,"depth":108,"text":124588},"What the count() method does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":124590},[124591],{"id":17386,"depth":115,"text":17387},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":123511,"depth":108,"text":123512},{"id":65225,"depth":108,"text":66008,"children":124596},[124597],{"id":123732,"depth":115,"text":123733},{"id":123820,"depth":108,"text":123821},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":124600},[124601,124603,124604,124606],{"id":123966,"depth":115,"text":124602},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124076,"depth":115,"text":124077},{"id":124164,"depth":115,"text":124605},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124200,"depth":115,"text":124201},{"id":58190,"depth":108,"text":58821},{"id":25741,"depth":108,"text":25742},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":124610},[124611,124613,124615,124617,124619],{"id":124497,"depth":115,"text":124612},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124507,"depth":115,"text":124614},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124516,"depth":115,"text":124616},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124526,"depth":115,"text":124618},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124535,"depth":115,"text":124620},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123168,"description":124622},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124629,"title":124630,"body":124631,"description":126216,"extension":1981,"meta":126217,"navigation":111,"path":126218,"seo":126219,"stem":126220,"__hash__":126221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124632,"toc":126189},[124633,124636,124639,124736,124745,124747,124766,124770,124773,124776,124789,124792,124821,124826,124831,124889,124891,124924,124930,124934,124937,124940,124969,124972,124999,125002,125005,125009,125012,125019,125082,125084,125102,125105,125109,125112,125115,125157,125160,125204,125207,125210,125214,125219,125222,125265,125267,125290,125293,125326,125329,125378,125388,125392,125395,125398,125427,125430,125441,125443,125502,125505,125509,125512,125515,125530,125539,125542,125576,125579,125606,125609,125616,125618,125621,125623,125626,125640,125649,125651,125678,125682,125685,125699,125702,125761,125765,125768,125795,125798,125825,125833,125836,125896,125898,125931,125935,125938,125957,125962,126011,126016,126018,126021,126080,126098,126100,126104,126112,126116,126119,126123,126129,126133,126143,126147,126150,126152,126186],[10,124634,124630],{"id":124635},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124637,124638],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[41,124640,124642],{"className":43,"code":124641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124643,124644,124656,124668,124677,124691,124695,124705,124715,124726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124645,124646,124648,124650,124652,124654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124647,7903],{"class":56},[50,124649,61],{"class":60},[50,124651,81],{"class":68},[50,124653,5027],{"class":72},[50,124655,3384],{"class":68},[50,124657,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124659,89826],{"class":56},[50,124661,61],{"class":60},[50,124663,3321],{"class":68},[50,124665,34672],{"class":72},[50,124667,29501],{"class":68},[50,124669,124670,124673,124675],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,124671,124672],{"class":56},"empty ",[50,124674,61],{"class":60},[50,124676,7908],{"class":68},[50,124678,124679,124681,124683,124685,124687,124689],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,124680,34492],{"class":56},[50,124682,61],{"class":60},[50,124684,48718],{"class":1779},[50,124686,122],{"class":64},[50,124688,50060],{"class":101},[50,124690,414],{"class":64},[50,124692,124693],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,124694,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,124696,124697,124699,124701,124703],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,124698,119],{"class":118},[50,124700,122],{"class":64},[50,124702,73],{"class":125},[50,124704,414],{"class":64},[50,124706,124707,124709,124711,124713],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,124708,119],{"class":118},[50,124710,122],{"class":64},[50,124712,89843],{"class":125},[50,124714,414],{"class":64},[50,124716,124717,124719,124721,124724],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,124718,119],{"class":118},[50,124720,122],{"class":64},[50,124722,124723],{"class":125},"empty",[50,124725,414],{"class":64},[50,124727,124728,124730,124732,124734],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,124729,119],{"class":118},[50,124731,122],{"class":64},[50,124733,34513],{"class":125},[50,124735,414],{"class":64},[20,124737,124738,124741,124742,124744],{},[997,124739,124740],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124743,47497],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[219,124746,15167],{"id":15166},[233,124748,124749,124752,124755,124758,124763],{},[236,124750,124751],{},"What a string is in Python",[236,124753,124754],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[236,124756,124757],{},"How to create an empty string",[236,124759,124760,124761],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124762,47497],{},[236,124764,124765],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[219,124767,124769],{"id":124768},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124771,124772],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124774,124775],{},"Strings can contain:",[233,124777,124778,124781,124783,124786],{},[236,124779,124780],{},"Letters",[236,124782,56278],{},[236,124784,124785],{},"Spaces",[236,124787,124788],{},"Symbols",[20,124790,124791],{},"Examples of strings:",[41,124793,124795],{"className":43,"code":124794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124796,124797,124805,124813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124798,124799,124801,124803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124800,69],{"class":43140},[50,124802,3870],{"class":43144},[50,124804,3384],{"class":43140},[50,124806,124807,124809,124811],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124808,69],{"class":43140},[50,124810,50060],{"class":43144},[50,124812,3384],{"class":43140},[50,124814,124815,124817,124819],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,124816,69],{"class":43140},[50,124818,88968],{"class":43144},[50,124820,3384],{"class":43140},[20,124822,1423,124823,124825],{},[15,124824,50110],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124827,124828,124829,78],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124830,2323],{},[41,124832,124834],{"className":43,"code":124833,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124835,124836,124848,124857,124861,124875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124837,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124839,34492],{"class":56},[50,124841,61],{"class":60},[50,124843,81],{"class":68},[50,124845,50060],{"class":72},[50,124847,3384],{"class":68},[50,124849,124850,124852,124854],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124851,2237],{"class":56},[50,124853,61],{"class":60},[50,124855,124856],{"class":101}," 123\n",[50,124858,124859],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,124860,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,124862,124863,124865,124867,124869,124871,124873],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,124864,119],{"class":118},[50,124866,122],{"class":64},[50,124868,1780],{"class":1779},[50,124870,122],{"class":64},[50,124872,34513],{"class":125},[50,124874,1770],{"class":64},[50,124876,124877,124879,124881,124883,124885,124887],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,124878,119],{"class":118},[50,124880,122],{"class":64},[50,124882,1780],{"class":1779},[50,124884,122],{"class":64},[50,124886,2260],{"class":125},[50,124888,1770],{"class":64},[20,124890,2091],{},[41,124892,124894],{"className":43,"code":124893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124895,124896,124910],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124897,124898,124900,124902,124904,124906,124908],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124899,3315],{"class":60},[50,124901,3318],{"class":2085},[50,124903,3321],{"class":68},[50,124905,3470],{"class":72},[50,124907,1736],{"class":68},[50,124909,3328],{"class":60},[50,124911,124912,124914,124916,124918,124920,124922],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124913,3315],{"class":60},[50,124915,3318],{"class":2085},[50,124917,3321],{"class":68},[50,124919,2209],{"class":72},[50,124921,1736],{"class":68},[50,124923,3328],{"class":60},[20,124925,124926,124927,129],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[380,124928,124929],{"href":50790},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[219,124931,124933],{"id":124932},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124935,124936],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124938,124939],{},"You can use single quotes:",[41,124941,124943],{"className":43,"code":124942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124944,124945,124958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124946,124947,124950,124952,124954,124956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124948,124949],{"class":56},"greeting ",[50,124951,61],{"class":60},[50,124953,3321],{"class":68},[50,124955,3870],{"class":72},[50,124957,29501],{"class":68},[50,124959,124960,124962,124964,124967],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124961,119],{"class":118},[50,124963,122],{"class":64},[50,124965,124966],{"class":125},"greeting",[50,124968,414],{"class":64},[20,124970,124971],{},"Or double quotes:",[41,124973,124975],{"className":43,"code":124974,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124976,124977,124989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124978,124979,124981,124983,124985,124987],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124980,124949],{"class":56},[50,124982,61],{"class":60},[50,124984,81],{"class":68},[50,124986,3870],{"class":72},[50,124988,3384],{"class":68},[50,124990,124991,124993,124995,124997],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124992,119],{"class":118},[50,124994,122],{"class":64},[50,124996,124966],{"class":125},[50,124998,414],{"class":64},[20,125000,125001],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125003,125004],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[219,125006,125008],{"id":125007},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125010,125011],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125013,125014,125015,2901,125017,78],{},"Use either ",[15,125016,6296],{},[15,125018,3801],{},[41,125020,125022],{"className":43,"code":125021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125023,125024,125033,125042,125046,125057,125068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125025,125026,125029,125031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125027,125028],{"class":56},"empty1 ",[50,125030,61],{"class":60},[50,125032,7908],{"class":68},[50,125034,125035,125038,125040],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125036,125037],{"class":56},"empty2 ",[50,125039,61],{"class":60},[50,125041,47309],{"class":68},[50,125043,125044],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125045,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125047,125048,125050,125052,125055],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,125049,119],{"class":118},[50,125051,122],{"class":64},[50,125053,125054],{"class":125},"empty1",[50,125056,414],{"class":64},[50,125058,125059,125061,125063,125066],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,125060,119],{"class":118},[50,125062,122],{"class":64},[50,125064,125065],{"class":125},"empty2",[50,125067,414],{"class":64},[50,125069,125070,125072,125074,125076,125078,125080],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,125071,119],{"class":118},[50,125073,122],{"class":64},[50,125075,1780],{"class":1779},[50,125077,122],{"class":64},[50,125079,125054],{"class":125},[50,125081,1770],{"class":64},[20,125083,2091],{},[41,125085,125086],{"className":43,"code":45583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,125087,125088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125089,125090,125092,125094,125096,125098,125100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125091,3315],{"class":60},[50,125093,3318],{"class":2085},[50,125095,3321],{"class":68},[50,125097,3470],{"class":72},[50,125099,1736],{"class":68},[50,125101,3328],{"class":60},[20,125103,125104],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[219,125106,125108],{"id":125107},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125110,125111],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125113,125114],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[41,125116,125118],{"className":43,"code":125117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125119,125120,125131,125136,125143,125147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125121,125122,125124,125126,125129],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125123,89826],{"class":56},[50,125125,61],{"class":60},[50,125127,125128],{"class":68}," \"\"\"",[50,125130,88768],{"class":72},[50,125132,125133],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125134,125135],{"class":72},"Welcome to Python\n",[50,125137,125138,125141],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125139,125140],{"class":72},"Have a nice day",[50,125142,43148],{"class":68},[50,125144,125145],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,125146,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125148,125149,125151,125153,125155],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,125150,119],{"class":118},[50,125152,122],{"class":64},[50,125154,89843],{"class":125},[50,125156,414],{"class":64},[20,125158,125159],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[41,125161,125163],{"className":43,"code":125162,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125164,125165,125177,125182,125190,125194],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125166,125167,125169,125171,125174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125168,89826],{"class":56},[50,125170,61],{"class":60},[50,125172,125173],{"class":68}," '''",[50,125175,125176],{"class":72},"Line 1\n",[50,125178,125179],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125180,125181],{"class":72},"Line 2\n",[50,125183,125184,125187],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125185,125186],{"class":72},"Line 3",[50,125188,125189],{"class":68},"'''\n",[50,125191,125192],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,125193,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125195,125196,125198,125200,125202],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,125197,119],{"class":118},[50,125199,122],{"class":64},[50,125201,89843],{"class":125},[50,125203,414],{"class":64},[20,125205,125206],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125208,125209],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[219,125211,125213],{"id":125212},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125215,228,125216,125218],{},[15,125217,47497],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125220,125221],{},"Example with a number:",[41,125223,125225],{"className":43,"code":125224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125226,125227,125241,125251],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125228,125229,125231,125233,125235,125237,125239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125230,34492],{"class":56},[50,125232,61],{"class":60},[50,125234,48718],{"class":1779},[50,125236,122],{"class":64},[50,125238,46339],{"class":101},[50,125240,414],{"class":64},[50,125242,125243,125245,125247,125249],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125244,119],{"class":118},[50,125246,122],{"class":64},[50,125248,34513],{"class":125},[50,125250,414],{"class":64},[50,125252,125253,125255,125257,125259,125261,125263],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125254,119],{"class":118},[50,125256,122],{"class":64},[50,125258,1780],{"class":1779},[50,125260,122],{"class":64},[50,125262,34513],{"class":125},[50,125264,1770],{"class":64},[20,125266,2091],{},[41,125268,125270],{"className":43,"code":125269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125271,125272,125276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125273,125274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125275,46425],{"class":101},[50,125277,125278,125280,125282,125284,125286,125288],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125279,3315],{"class":60},[50,125281,3318],{"class":2085},[50,125283,3321],{"class":68},[50,125285,3470],{"class":72},[50,125287,1736],{"class":68},[50,125289,3328],{"class":60},[20,125291,125292],{},"You can also convert other values:",[41,125294,125296],{"className":43,"code":125295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125297,125298,125312],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125299,125300,125302,125304,125306,125308,125310],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125301,119],{"class":118},[50,125303,122],{"class":64},[50,125305,3470],{"class":1779},[50,125307,122],{"class":64},[50,125309,3632],{"class":1494},[50,125311,1770],{"class":64},[50,125313,125314,125316,125318,125320,125322,125324],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125315,119],{"class":118},[50,125317,122],{"class":64},[50,125319,3470],{"class":1779},[50,125321,122],{"class":64},[50,125323,39953],{"class":101},[50,125325,1770],{"class":64},[20,125327,125328],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[41,125330,125332],{"className":43,"code":125331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125333,125334,125342,125364,125368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125335,125336,125338,125340],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125337,21426],{"class":56},[50,125339,61],{"class":60},[50,125341,45038],{"class":101},[50,125343,125344,125346,125348,125350,125352,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125345,89826],{"class":56},[50,125347,61],{"class":60},[50,125349,81],{"class":68},[50,125351,89244],{"class":72},[50,125353,69],{"class":68},[50,125355,2476],{"class":60},[50,125357,48718],{"class":1779},[50,125359,122],{"class":64},[50,125361,94],{"class":125},[50,125363,414],{"class":64},[50,125365,125366],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125367,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125369,125370,125372,125374,125376],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,125371,119],{"class":118},[50,125373,122],{"class":64},[50,125375,89843],{"class":125},[50,125377,414],{"class":64},[20,125379,125380,125381,2901,125385,129],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[380,125382,3603,125383,3536],{"href":41986},[15,125384,47497],{},[380,125386,125387],{"href":123099},"how to convert int to string in Python",[219,125389,125391],{"id":125390},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125393,125394],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125396,125397],{},"Both of these are valid:",[41,125399,125401],{"className":43,"code":125400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125402,125403,125415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125404,125405,125407,125409,125411,125413],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125406,2577],{"class":56},[50,125408,61],{"class":60},[50,125410,3321],{"class":68},[50,125412,7322],{"class":72},[50,125414,29501],{"class":68},[50,125416,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125418,2605],{"class":56},[50,125420,61],{"class":60},[50,125422,81],{"class":68},[50,125424,7322],{"class":72},[50,125426,3384],{"class":68},[20,125428,125429],{},"A common rule is:",[233,125431,125432,125435,125438],{},[236,125433,125434],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[236,125436,125437],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[236,125439,125440],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125442,253],{},[41,125444,125446],{"className":43,"code":125445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125447,125448,125462,125476,125480,125491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125449,125450,125453,125455,125457,125460],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125451,125452],{"class":56},"text1 ",[50,125454,61],{"class":60},[50,125456,81],{"class":68},[50,125458,125459],{"class":72},"It's working",[50,125461,3384],{"class":68},[50,125463,125464,125467,125469,125471,125474],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125465,125466],{"class":56},"text2 ",[50,125468,61],{"class":60},[50,125470,3321],{"class":68},[50,125472,125473],{"class":72},"She said \"hello\"",[50,125475,29501],{"class":68},[50,125477,125478],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125479,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125481,125482,125484,125486,125489],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,125483,119],{"class":118},[50,125485,122],{"class":64},[50,125487,125488],{"class":125},"text1",[50,125490,414],{"class":64},[50,125492,125493,125495,125497,125500],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,125494,119],{"class":118},[50,125496,122],{"class":64},[50,125498,125499],{"class":125},"text2",[50,125501,414],{"class":64},[20,125503,125504],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[219,125506,125508],{"id":125507},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125510,125511],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125513,125514],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[41,125516,125518],{"className":43,"code":125517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125519,125520,125525],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125521,125522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125523,125524],{"class":146},"# This will cause an error\n",[50,125526,125527],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125528,125529],{"class":146},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125531,125532,125533,35135,125535,125538],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125534,1736],{},[15,125536,125537],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125540,125541],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[41,125543,125545],{"className":43,"code":125544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125546,125547,125566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125548,125549,125551,125553,125555,125558,125561,125564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125550,34492],{"class":56},[50,125552,61],{"class":60},[50,125554,3321],{"class":68},[50,125556,125557],{"class":72},"It",[50,125559,125560],{"class":34257},"\\'",[50,125562,125563],{"class":72},"s working",[50,125565,29501],{"class":68},[50,125567,125568,125570,125572,125574],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125569,119],{"class":118},[50,125571,122],{"class":64},[50,125573,34513],{"class":125},[50,125575,414],{"class":64},[20,125577,125578],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[41,125580,125582],{"className":43,"code":125581,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125583,125584,125596],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125585,125586,125588,125590,125592,125594],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125587,34492],{"class":56},[50,125589,61],{"class":60},[50,125591,81],{"class":68},[50,125593,125459],{"class":72},[50,125595,3384],{"class":68},[50,125597,125598,125600,125602,125604],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125599,119],{"class":118},[50,125601,122],{"class":64},[50,125603,34513],{"class":125},[50,125605,414],{"class":64},[20,125607,125608],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125610,125611,125612,129],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[380,125613,125615],{"href":125614},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[219,125617,1663],{"id":1662},[20,125619,125620],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[811,125622,90033],{"id":90032},[20,125624,125625],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[41,125627,125629],{"className":43,"code":125628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125630,125631,125635],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125632,125633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125634,125524],{"class":146},[50,125636,125637],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125638,125639],{"class":146},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125641,125642,125643,8629,125646,125648],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125644,125645],{},"NameError",[15,125647,5027],{}," is not defined.",[20,125650,10827],{},[41,125652,125654],{"className":43,"code":125653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125655,125656,125668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125657,125658,125660,125662,125664,125666],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125659,7903],{"class":56},[50,125661,61],{"class":60},[50,125663,81],{"class":68},[50,125665,5027],{"class":72},[50,125667,3384],{"class":68},[50,125669,125670,125672,125674,125676],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125671,119],{"class":118},[50,125673,122],{"class":64},[50,125675,73],{"class":125},[50,125677,414],{"class":64},[811,125679,125681],{"id":125680},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125683,125684],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[41,125686,125688],{"className":43,"code":125687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125689,125690,125694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125691,125692],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125693,125524],{"class":146},[50,125695,125696],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125697,125698],{"class":146},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125700,125701],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[41,125703,125705],{"className":43,"code":125704,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125706,125707,125724,125737,125741,125751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125708,125709,125711,125713,125715,125717,125719,125722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125710,125452],{"class":56},[50,125712,61],{"class":60},[50,125714,3321],{"class":68},[50,125716,125557],{"class":72},[50,125718,125560],{"class":34257},[50,125720,125721],{"class":72},"s good",[50,125723,29501],{"class":68},[50,125725,125726,125728,125730,125732,125735],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125727,125466],{"class":56},[50,125729,61],{"class":60},[50,125731,81],{"class":68},[50,125733,125734],{"class":72},"It's good",[50,125736,3384],{"class":68},[50,125738,125739],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125740,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125742,125743,125745,125747,125749],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,125744,119],{"class":118},[50,125746,122],{"class":64},[50,125748,125488],{"class":125},[50,125750,414],{"class":64},[50,125752,125753,125755,125757,125759],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,125754,119],{"class":118},[50,125756,122],{"class":64},[50,125758,125499],{"class":125},[50,125760,414],{"class":64},[811,125762,125764],{"id":125763},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125766,125767],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[41,125769,125771],{"className":43,"code":125770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125772,125773,125785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125774,125775,125777,125779,125781,125783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125776,34492],{"class":56},[50,125778,61],{"class":60},[50,125780,125128],{"class":68},[50,125782,3870],{"class":72},[50,125784,43148],{"class":68},[50,125786,125787,125789,125791,125793],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125788,119],{"class":118},[50,125790,122],{"class":64},[50,125792,34513],{"class":125},[50,125794,414],{"class":64},[20,125796,125797],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[41,125799,125801],{"className":43,"code":125800,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125802,125803,125815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125804,125805,125807,125809,125811,125813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125806,34492],{"class":56},[50,125808,61],{"class":60},[50,125810,81],{"class":68},[50,125812,3870],{"class":72},[50,125814,3384],{"class":68},[50,125816,125817,125819,125821,125823],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125818,119],{"class":118},[50,125820,122],{"class":64},[50,125822,34513],{"class":125},[50,125824,414],{"class":64},[811,125826,1686,125828,1846,125830,125832],{"id":125827},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125829,50060],{},[15,125831,50110],{}," are the same type",[20,125834,125835],{},"They are different:",[41,125837,125839],{"className":43,"code":125838,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125840,125841,125850,125863,125867,125881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125842,125843,125846,125848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125844,125845],{"class":56},"value1 ",[50,125847,61],{"class":60},[50,125849,124856],{"class":101},[50,125851,125852,125855,125857,125859,125861],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125853,125854],{"class":56},"value2 ",[50,125856,61],{"class":60},[50,125858,81],{"class":68},[50,125860,50060],{"class":72},[50,125862,3384],{"class":68},[50,125864,125865],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125866,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125868,125869,125871,125873,125875,125877,125879],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,125870,119],{"class":118},[50,125872,122],{"class":64},[50,125874,1780],{"class":1779},[50,125876,122],{"class":64},[50,125878,84589],{"class":125},[50,125880,1770],{"class":64},[50,125882,125883,125885,125887,125889,125891,125894],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,125884,119],{"class":118},[50,125886,122],{"class":64},[50,125888,1780],{"class":1779},[50,125890,122],{"class":64},[50,125892,125893],{"class":125},"value2",[50,125895,1770],{"class":64},[20,125897,2091],{},[41,125899,125901],{"className":43,"code":125900,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125902,125903,125917],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125904,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913,125915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125906,3315],{"class":60},[50,125908,3318],{"class":2085},[50,125910,3321],{"class":68},[50,125912,2209],{"class":72},[50,125914,1736],{"class":68},[50,125916,3328],{"class":60},[50,125918,125919,125921,125923,125925,125927,125929],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125920,3315],{"class":60},[50,125922,3318],{"class":2085},[50,125924,3321],{"class":68},[50,125926,3470],{"class":72},[50,125928,1736],{"class":68},[50,125930,3328],{"class":60},[811,125932,125934],{"id":125933},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125936,125937],{},"This causes a type error:",[41,125939,125941],{"className":43,"code":125940,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125942,125943,125947,125952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125944,125945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125946,125524],{"class":146},[50,125948,125949],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125950,125951],{"class":146},"# age = 10\n",[50,125953,125954],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125955,125956],{"class":146},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125958,125959,125960,78],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125961,47497],{},[41,125963,125965],{"className":43,"code":125964,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125966,125967,125975,125997,126001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125968,125969,125971,125973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125970,21426],{"class":56},[50,125972,61],{"class":60},[50,125974,2610],{"class":101},[50,125976,125977,125979,125981,125983,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125978,89826],{"class":56},[50,125980,61],{"class":60},[50,125982,81],{"class":68},[50,125984,89244],{"class":72},[50,125986,69],{"class":68},[50,125988,2476],{"class":60},[50,125990,48718],{"class":1779},[50,125992,122],{"class":64},[50,125994,94],{"class":125},[50,125996,414],{"class":64},[50,125998,125999],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126000,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126002,126003,126005,126007,126009],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,126004,119],{"class":118},[50,126006,122],{"class":64},[50,126008,89843],{"class":125},[50,126010,414],{"class":64},[20,126012,126013,126014,129],{},"For this specific error, see ",[380,126015,90225],{"href":90224},[811,126017,60528],{"id":60527},[20,126019,126020],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[41,126022,126024],{"className":43,"code":126023,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126025,126026,126038,126042,126052,126066],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126027,126028,126030,126032,126034,126036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126029,34492],{"class":56},[50,126031,61],{"class":60},[50,126033,81],{"class":68},[50,126035,3870],{"class":72},[50,126037,3384],{"class":68},[50,126039,126040],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126041,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126043,126044,126046,126048,126050],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126045,119],{"class":118},[50,126047,122],{"class":64},[50,126049,34513],{"class":125},[50,126051,414],{"class":64},[50,126053,126054,126056,126058,126060,126062,126064],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,126055,119],{"class":118},[50,126057,122],{"class":64},[50,126059,1780],{"class":1779},[50,126061,122],{"class":64},[50,126063,34513],{"class":125},[50,126065,1770],{"class":64},[50,126067,126068,126070,126072,126074,126076,126078],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,126069,119],{"class":118},[50,126071,122],{"class":64},[50,126073,41590],{"class":118},[50,126075,122],{"class":64},[50,126077,34513],{"class":125},[50,126079,1770],{"class":64},[233,126081,126082,126087,126092],{},[236,126083,126084,46091],{},[15,126085,126086],{},"print(text)",[236,126088,126089,46096],{},[15,126090,126091],{},"print(type(text))",[236,126093,126094,126097],{},[15,126095,126096],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[219,126099,1857],{"id":1856},[811,126101,126103],{"id":126102},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126105,126106,126107,2901,126110,129],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126108,126109],{},"'hello'",[15,126111,64353],{},[811,126113,126115],{"id":126114},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126117,126118],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[811,126120,126122],{"id":126121},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126124,212,126125,2901,126127,129],{},[15,126126,6296],{},[15,126128,3801],{},[811,126130,126132],{"id":126131},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126134,212,126135,126137,126138,126140,126141,129],{},[15,126136,47497],{},", like ",[15,126139,80199],{},", which returns ",[15,126142,41937],{},[811,126144,126146],{"id":126145},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126148,126149],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[219,126151,1909],{"id":1908},[233,126153,126154,126158,126164,126169,126178,126182],{},[236,126155,126156],{},[380,126157,124929],{"href":50790},[236,126159,126160],{},[380,126161,3603,126162,3536],{"href":41986},[15,126163,47497],{},[236,126165,126166],{},[380,126167,126168],{"href":123099},"How to convert int to string in Python",[236,126170,126171],{},[380,126172,126174,126175,1845],{"href":126173},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126176,126177],{},"format()",[236,126179,126180],{},[380,126181,125615],{"href":125614},[236,126183,126184],{},[380,126185,90225],{"href":90224},[1944,126187,126188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":126190},[126191,126192,126193,126194,126195,126196,126197,126198,126199,126208,126215],{"id":15166,"depth":108,"text":15167},{"id":124768,"depth":108,"text":124769},{"id":124932,"depth":108,"text":124933},{"id":125007,"depth":108,"text":125008},{"id":125107,"depth":108,"text":125108},{"id":125212,"depth":108,"text":125213},{"id":125390,"depth":108,"text":125391},{"id":125507,"depth":108,"text":125508},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":126200},[126201,126202,126203,126204,126206,126207],{"id":90032,"depth":115,"text":90033},{"id":125680,"depth":115,"text":125681},{"id":125763,"depth":115,"text":125764},{"id":125827,"depth":115,"text":126205},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125933,"depth":115,"text":125934},{"id":60527,"depth":115,"text":60528},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":126209},[126210,126211,126212,126213,126214],{"id":126102,"depth":115,"text":126103},{"id":126114,"depth":115,"text":126115},{"id":126121,"depth":115,"text":126122},{"id":126131,"depth":115,"text":126132},{"id":126145,"depth":115,"text":126146},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124630,"description":126216},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126223,"title":126224,"body":126225,"description":128139,"extension":1981,"meta":128140,"navigation":111,"path":128141,"seo":128142,"stem":128143,"__hash__":128144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126226,"toc":128100},[126227,126233,126238,126246,126248,126315,126317,126329,126338,126343,126347,126364,126366,126431,126433,126445,126450,126452,126480,126501,126504,126543,126545,126553,126557,126561,126565,126573,126576,126617,126619,126627,126630,126687,126689,126697,126701,126706,126750,126752,126760,126769,126773,126778,126826,126828,126836,126842,126844,126848,126860,126865,126944,126946,126966,126970,126974,127014,127016,127024,127028,127071,127073,127081,127085,127125,127127,127135,127139,127195,127197,127205,127211,127213,127217,127227,127294,127296,127309,127316,127359,127361,127369,127373,127376,127432,127434,127442,127445,127447,127524,127526,127534,127543,127545,127549,127553,127555,127577,127580,127627,127631,127670,127672,127680,127682,127724,127731,127736,127798,127800,127812,127818,127823,127872,127874,127893,127899,127901,127920,127922,128013,128015,128021,128028,128034,128040,128045,128054,128061,128069,128071,128097],[10,126228,123174,126230,18],{"id":126229},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126231,126232],{},"endswith()",[20,126234,123179,126235,126237],{},[15,126236,126232],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126239,126240,126241,2901,126243,126245],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126242,3632],{},[15,126244,3702],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[219,126247,2022],{"id":2021},[41,126249,126251],{"className":43,"code":126250,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126252,126253,126267,126292],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126254,126255,126258,126260,126262,126265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126256,126257],{"class":56},"filename ",[50,126259,61],{"class":60},[50,126261,81],{"class":68},[50,126263,126264],{"class":72},"report.csv",[50,126266,3384],{"class":68},[50,126268,126269,126271,126273,126276,126278,126281,126283,126285,126288,126290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126270,119],{"class":118},[50,126272,122],{"class":64},[50,126274,126275],{"class":125},"filename",[50,126277,129],{"class":64},[50,126279,126280],{"class":125},"endswith",[50,126282,122],{"class":64},[50,126284,69],{"class":68},[50,126286,126287],{"class":72},".csv",[50,126289,69],{"class":68},[50,126291,1770],{"class":64},[50,126293,126294,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304,126306,126308,126311,126313],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126295,119],{"class":118},[50,126297,122],{"class":64},[50,126299,126275],{"class":125},[50,126301,129],{"class":64},[50,126303,126280],{"class":125},[50,126305,122],{"class":64},[50,126307,69],{"class":68},[50,126309,126310],{"class":72},".txt",[50,126312,69],{"class":68},[50,126314,1770],{"class":64},[20,126316,2091],{},[41,126318,126319],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126320,126321,126325],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126322,126323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126324,4002],{"class":1494},[50,126326,126327],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126328,4063],{"class":1494},[20,126330,212,126331,5392,126333,2901,126335,126337],{},[15,126332,126232],{},[15,126334,3632],{},[15,126336,3702],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[219,126339,222,126341,225],{"id":126340},"what-endswith-does",[15,126342,126232],{},[20,126344,126345,78],{},[15,126346,126232],{},[233,126348,126349,126352,126358,126361],{},[236,126350,126351],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[236,126353,241,126354,2901,126356],{},[15,126355,3632],{},[15,126357,3702],{},[236,126359,126360],{},"Does not change the original string",[236,126362,126363],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126365,253],{},[41,126367,126369],{"className":43,"code":126368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126370,126371,126383,126387,126409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126372,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126374,34492],{"class":56},[50,126376,61],{"class":60},[50,126378,81],{"class":68},[50,126380,60224],{"class":72},[50,126382,3384],{"class":68},[50,126384,126385],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126386,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126388,126389,126391,126393,126395,126397,126399,126401,126403,126405,126407],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126390,119],{"class":118},[50,126392,122],{"class":64},[50,126394,34513],{"class":125},[50,126396,129],{"class":64},[50,126398,126280],{"class":125},[50,126400,122],{"class":64},[50,126402,69],{"class":68},[50,126404,60409],{"class":72},[50,126406,69],{"class":68},[50,126408,1770],{"class":64},[50,126410,126411,126413,126415,126417,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,126412,119],{"class":118},[50,126414,122],{"class":64},[50,126416,34513],{"class":125},[50,126418,129],{"class":64},[50,126420,126280],{"class":125},[50,126422,122],{"class":64},[50,126424,69],{"class":68},[50,126426,3870],{"class":72},[50,126428,69],{"class":68},[50,126430,1770],{"class":64},[20,126432,2091],{},[41,126434,126435],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126436,126437,126441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126438,126439],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126440,4002],{"class":1494},[50,126442,126443],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126444,4063],{"class":1494},[20,126446,126447,126448,129],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[380,126449,124929],{"href":50790},[219,126451,387],{"id":386},[41,126453,126455],{"className":43,"code":126454,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126456,126457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126458,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126470,126472,126474,126476,126478],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126460,60992],{"class":56},[50,126462,129],{"class":64},[50,126464,126280],{"class":125},[50,126466,122],{"class":64},[50,126468,126469],{"class":125},"suffix",[50,126471,89],{"class":64},[50,126473,35858],{"class":125},[50,126475,89],{"class":64},[50,126477,64859],{"class":125},[50,126479,414],{"class":64},[233,126481,126482,126487,126494],{},[236,126483,126484,126486],{},[15,126485,126469],{}," is required",[236,126488,126489,1846,126491,126493],{},[15,126490,35879],{},[15,126492,52476],{}," are optional",[236,126495,126496,1846,126498,126500],{},[15,126497,35879],{},[15,126499,52476],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126502,126503],{},"Basic example:",[41,126505,126507],{"className":43,"code":126506,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126508,126509,126521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126510,126511,126513,126515,126517,126519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126512,126257],{"class":56},[50,126514,61],{"class":60},[50,126516,81],{"class":68},[50,126518,86714],{"class":72},[50,126520,3384],{"class":68},[50,126522,126523,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535,126537,126539,126541],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126524,119],{"class":118},[50,126526,122],{"class":64},[50,126528,126275],{"class":125},[50,126530,129],{"class":64},[50,126532,126280],{"class":125},[50,126534,122],{"class":64},[50,126536,69],{"class":68},[50,126538,126310],{"class":72},[50,126540,69],{"class":68},[50,126542,1770],{"class":64},[20,126544,2091],{},[41,126546,126547],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126548,126549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126550,126551],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126552,4002],{"class":1494},[219,126554,126556],{"id":126555},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[811,126558,126559],{"id":126469},[15,126560,126469],{},[20,126562,126563,30552],{},[15,126564,126469],{},[233,126566,126567,126570],{},[236,126568,126569],{},"A single string",[236,126571,126572],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126574,126575],{},"Single suffix:",[41,126577,126579],{"className":43,"code":126578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126580,126581,126594],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126582,126583,126585,126587,126589,126592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126584,7903],{"class":56},[50,126586,61],{"class":60},[50,126588,81],{"class":68},[50,126590,126591],{"class":72},"image.png",[50,126593,3384],{"class":68},[50,126595,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606,126608,126610,126613,126615],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126597,119],{"class":118},[50,126599,122],{"class":64},[50,126601,73],{"class":125},[50,126603,129],{"class":64},[50,126605,126280],{"class":125},[50,126607,122],{"class":64},[50,126609,69],{"class":68},[50,126611,126612],{"class":72},".png",[50,126614,69],{"class":68},[50,126616,1770],{"class":64},[20,126618,2091],{},[41,126620,126621],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126622,126623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126624,126625],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126626,4002],{"class":1494},[20,126628,126629],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[41,126631,126633],{"className":43,"code":126632,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126634,126635,126647],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126636,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126638,7903],{"class":56},[50,126640,61],{"class":60},[50,126642,81],{"class":68},[50,126644,126591],{"class":72},[50,126646,3384],{"class":68},[50,126648,126649,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680,126683,126685],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126650,119],{"class":118},[50,126652,122],{"class":64},[50,126654,73],{"class":125},[50,126656,129],{"class":64},[50,126658,126280],{"class":125},[50,126660,5534],{"class":64},[50,126662,69],{"class":68},[50,126664,126665],{"class":72},".jpg",[50,126667,69],{"class":68},[50,126669,89],{"class":64},[50,126671,81],{"class":68},[50,126673,126612],{"class":72},[50,126675,69],{"class":68},[50,126677,89],{"class":64},[50,126679,81],{"class":68},[50,126681,126682],{"class":72},".gif",[50,126684,69],{"class":68},[50,126686,1799],{"class":64},[20,126688,2091],{},[41,126690,126691],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126692,126693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126694,126695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126696,4002],{"class":1494},[811,126698,126699],{"id":35879},[15,126700,35879],{},[20,126702,126703,126705],{},[15,126704,35879],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[41,126707,126709],{"className":43,"code":126708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126710,126711,126724],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126712,126713,126715,126717,126719,126722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126714,34492],{"class":56},[50,126716,61],{"class":60},[50,126718,81],{"class":68},[50,126720,126721],{"class":72},"my_report.csv",[50,126723,3384],{"class":68},[50,126725,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126727,119],{"class":118},[50,126729,122],{"class":64},[50,126731,34513],{"class":125},[50,126733,129],{"class":64},[50,126735,126280],{"class":125},[50,126737,122],{"class":64},[50,126739,69],{"class":68},[50,126741,126287],{"class":72},[50,126743,69],{"class":68},[50,126745,89],{"class":64},[50,126747,2473],{"class":101},[50,126749,1770],{"class":64},[20,126751,2091],{},[41,126753,126754],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126755,126756],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126757,126758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126759,4002],{"class":1494},[20,126761,126762,126763,126765,126766,129],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126764,2082],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126767,126768],{},"\"report.csv\"",[811,126770,126771],{"id":52476},[15,126772,52476],{},[20,126774,126775,126777],{},[15,126776,52476],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[41,126779,126781],{"className":43,"code":126780,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126782,126783,126796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126784,126785,126787,126789,126791,126794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126786,34492],{"class":56},[50,126788,61],{"class":60},[50,126790,81],{"class":68},[50,126792,126793],{"class":72},"report.csv backup",[50,126795,3384],{"class":68},[50,126797,126798,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126799,119],{"class":118},[50,126801,122],{"class":64},[50,126803,34513],{"class":125},[50,126805,129],{"class":64},[50,126807,126280],{"class":125},[50,126809,122],{"class":64},[50,126811,69],{"class":68},[50,126813,126287],{"class":72},[50,126815,69],{"class":68},[50,126817,89],{"class":64},[50,126819,1192],{"class":101},[50,126821,89],{"class":64},[50,126823,1144],{"class":101},[50,126825,1770],{"class":64},[20,126827,2091],{},[41,126829,126830],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126831,126832],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126833,126834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126835,4002],{"class":1494},[20,126837,126838,126839,126841],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126840,126768],{}," and ignores the rest.",[219,126843,17411],{"id":17410},[20,126845,126846,25308],{},[15,126847,126232],{},[233,126849,126850,126855],{},[236,126851,126852,126854],{},[15,126853,3632],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[236,126856,126857,126859],{},[15,126858,3702],{}," if it does not",[20,126861,126862,126863,7198],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126864,7023],{},[41,126866,126868],{"className":43,"code":126867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126869,126870,126883,126887,126908,126923,126929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126871,126872,126874,126876,126878,126881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126873,126257],{"class":56},[50,126875,61],{"class":60},[50,126877,81],{"class":68},[50,126879,126880],{"class":72},"data.csv",[50,126882,3384],{"class":68},[50,126884,126885],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126886,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126888,126889,126891,126894,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126890,7023],{"class":1622},[50,126892,126893],{"class":56}," filename",[50,126895,129],{"class":64},[50,126897,126280],{"class":125},[50,126899,122],{"class":64},[50,126901,69],{"class":68},[50,126903,126287],{"class":72},[50,126905,69],{"class":68},[50,126907,8368],{"class":64},[50,126909,126910,126912,126914,126916,126919,126921],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,126911,8094],{"class":118},[50,126913,122],{"class":64},[50,126915,69],{"class":68},[50,126917,126918],{"class":72},"This is a CSV file.",[50,126920,69],{"class":68},[50,126922,414],{"class":64},[50,126924,126925,126927],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,126926,27234],{"class":1622},[50,126928,6417],{"class":64},[50,126930,126931,126933,126935,126937,126940,126942],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,126932,8094],{"class":118},[50,126934,122],{"class":64},[50,126936,69],{"class":68},[50,126938,126939],{"class":72},"This is not a CSV file.",[50,126941,69],{"class":68},[50,126943,414],{"class":64},[20,126945,2091],{},[41,126947,126949],{"className":43,"code":126948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126950,126951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126952,126953,126955,126957,126959,126962,126964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126954,49693],{"class":56},[50,126956,12207],{"class":60},[50,126958,44357],{"class":56},[50,126960,126961],{"class":34257},"CSV",[50,126963,86455],{"class":86454},[50,126965,122206],{"class":64},[219,126967,126969],{"id":126968},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[811,126971,126973],{"id":126972},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[41,126975,126977],{"className":43,"code":126976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126978,126979,126992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126980,126981,126983,126985,126987,126990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126982,126257],{"class":56},[50,126984,61],{"class":60},[50,126986,81],{"class":68},[50,126988,126989],{"class":72},"sales.csv",[50,126991,3384],{"class":68},[50,126993,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126995,119],{"class":118},[50,126997,122],{"class":64},[50,126999,126275],{"class":125},[50,127001,129],{"class":64},[50,127003,126280],{"class":125},[50,127005,122],{"class":64},[50,127007,69],{"class":68},[50,127009,126287],{"class":72},[50,127011,69],{"class":68},[50,127013,1770],{"class":64},[20,127015,2091],{},[41,127017,127018],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127019,127020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127021,127022],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127023,4002],{"class":1494},[811,127025,127027],{"id":127026},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[41,127029,127031],{"className":43,"code":127030,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127032,127033,127047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127034,127035,127038,127040,127042,127045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127036,127037],{"class":56},"url ",[50,127039,61],{"class":60},[50,127041,81],{"class":68},[50,127043,127044],{"class":72},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[50,127046,3384],{"class":68},[50,127048,127049,127051,127053,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064,127067,127069],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127050,119],{"class":118},[50,127052,122],{"class":64},[50,127054,127055],{"class":125},"url",[50,127057,129],{"class":64},[50,127059,126280],{"class":125},[50,127061,122],{"class":64},[50,127063,69],{"class":68},[50,127065,127066],{"class":72},"\u002F",[50,127068,69],{"class":68},[50,127070,1770],{"class":64},[20,127072,2091],{},[41,127074,127075],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127076,127077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127078,127079],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127080,4002],{"class":1494},[811,127082,127084],{"id":127083},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[41,127086,127088],{"className":43,"code":127087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127089,127090,127103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127091,127092,127094,127096,127098,127101],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127093,89826],{"class":56},[50,127095,61],{"class":60},[50,127097,81],{"class":68},[50,127099,127100],{"class":72},"Hello!",[50,127102,3384],{"class":68},[50,127104,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127106,119],{"class":118},[50,127108,122],{"class":64},[50,127110,89843],{"class":125},[50,127112,129],{"class":64},[50,127114,126280],{"class":125},[50,127116,122],{"class":64},[50,127118,69],{"class":68},[50,127120,89667],{"class":72},[50,127122,69],{"class":68},[50,127124,1770],{"class":64},[20,127126,2091],{},[41,127128,127129],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127130,127131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127132,127133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127134,4002],{"class":1494},[811,127136,127138],{"id":127137},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[41,127140,127142],{"className":43,"code":127141,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127143,127144,127157],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127145,127146,127148,127150,127152,127155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127147,126257],{"class":56},[50,127149,61],{"class":60},[50,127151,81],{"class":68},[50,127153,127154],{"class":72},"photo.jpg",[50,127156,3384],{"class":68},[50,127158,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127160,119],{"class":118},[50,127162,122],{"class":64},[50,127164,126275],{"class":125},[50,127166,129],{"class":64},[50,127168,126280],{"class":125},[50,127170,5534],{"class":64},[50,127172,69],{"class":68},[50,127174,126665],{"class":72},[50,127176,69],{"class":68},[50,127178,89],{"class":64},[50,127180,81],{"class":68},[50,127182,126612],{"class":72},[50,127184,69],{"class":68},[50,127186,89],{"class":64},[50,127188,81],{"class":68},[50,127190,126682],{"class":72},[50,127192,69],{"class":68},[50,127194,1799],{"class":64},[20,127196,2091],{},[41,127198,127199],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127200,127201],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127202,127203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127204,4002],{"class":1494},[20,127206,127207,127208,129],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[380,127209,127210],{"href":123429},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[219,127212,123821],{"id":123820},[20,127214,127215,123632],{},[15,127216,126232],{},[20,127218,127219,127220,1846,127223,127226],{},"That means ",[15,127221,127222],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127224,127225],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[41,127228,127230],{"className":43,"code":127229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127231,127232,127245,127249,127271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127235,126257],{"class":56},[50,127237,61],{"class":60},[50,127239,81],{"class":68},[50,127241,127242],{"class":72},"REPORT.CSV",[50,127244,3384],{"class":68},[50,127246,127247],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127248,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,127250,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127252,119],{"class":118},[50,127254,122],{"class":64},[50,127256,126275],{"class":125},[50,127258,129],{"class":64},[50,127260,126280],{"class":125},[50,127262,122],{"class":64},[50,127264,69],{"class":68},[50,127266,126287],{"class":72},[50,127268,69],{"class":68},[50,127270,1770],{"class":64},[50,127272,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287,127290,127292],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,127274,119],{"class":118},[50,127276,122],{"class":64},[50,127278,126275],{"class":125},[50,127280,129],{"class":64},[50,127282,126280],{"class":125},[50,127284,122],{"class":64},[50,127286,69],{"class":68},[50,127288,127289],{"class":72},".CSV",[50,127291,69],{"class":68},[50,127293,1770],{"class":64},[20,127295,2091],{},[41,127297,127299],{"className":43,"code":127298,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127300,127301,127305],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127302,127303],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127304,4063],{"class":1494},[50,127306,127307],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127308,4002],{"class":1494},[20,127310,127311,127312,129],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[380,127313,127314],{"href":123901},[15,127315,123904],{},[41,127317,127319],{"className":43,"code":127318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127320,127321,127333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127322,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127324,126257],{"class":56},[50,127326,61],{"class":60},[50,127328,81],{"class":68},[50,127330,127242],{"class":72},[50,127332,3384],{"class":68},[50,127334,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127336,119],{"class":118},[50,127338,122],{"class":64},[50,127340,126275],{"class":125},[50,127342,129],{"class":64},[50,127344,8668],{"class":125},[50,127346,8665],{"class":64},[50,127348,126280],{"class":125},[50,127350,122],{"class":64},[50,127352,69],{"class":68},[50,127354,126287],{"class":72},[50,127356,69],{"class":68},[50,127358,1770],{"class":64},[20,127360,2091],{},[41,127362,127363],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127364,127365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127366,127367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127368,4002],{"class":1494},[219,127370,127372],{"id":127371},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127374,127375],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[41,127377,127379],{"className":43,"code":127378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127380,127381,127394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127382,127383,127385,127387,127389,127392],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127384,126257],{"class":56},[50,127386,61],{"class":60},[50,127388,81],{"class":68},[50,127390,127391],{"class":72},"picture.gif",[50,127393,3384],{"class":68},[50,127395,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127397,119],{"class":118},[50,127399,122],{"class":64},[50,127401,126275],{"class":125},[50,127403,129],{"class":64},[50,127405,126280],{"class":125},[50,127407,5534],{"class":64},[50,127409,69],{"class":68},[50,127411,126665],{"class":72},[50,127413,69],{"class":68},[50,127415,89],{"class":64},[50,127417,81],{"class":68},[50,127419,126612],{"class":72},[50,127421,69],{"class":68},[50,127423,89],{"class":64},[50,127425,81],{"class":68},[50,127427,126682],{"class":72},[50,127429,69],{"class":68},[50,127431,1799],{"class":64},[20,127433,2091],{},[41,127435,127436],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127437,127438],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127439,127440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127441,4002],{"class":1494},[20,127443,127444],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127446,51895],{},[41,127448,127450],{"className":43,"code":127449,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127451,127452,127465,127500,127504],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127453,127454,127457,127459,127461,127463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127455,127456],{"class":56},"document ",[50,127458,61],{"class":60},[50,127460,81],{"class":68},[50,127462,86714],{"class":72},[50,127464,3384],{"class":68},[50,127466,127467,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482,127484,127487,127489,127491,127493,127496,127498],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127468,127469],{"class":56},"allowed ",[50,127471,61],{"class":60},[50,127473,9262],{"class":64},[50,127475,69],{"class":68},[50,127477,126310],{"class":72},[50,127479,69],{"class":68},[50,127481,89],{"class":64},[50,127483,81],{"class":68},[50,127485,127486],{"class":72},".md",[50,127488,69],{"class":68},[50,127490,89],{"class":64},[50,127492,81],{"class":68},[50,127494,127495],{"class":72},".docx",[50,127497,69],{"class":68},[50,127499,414],{"class":64},[50,127501,127502],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127503,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,127505,127506,127508,127510,127513,127515,127517,127519,127522],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,127507,119],{"class":118},[50,127509,122],{"class":64},[50,127511,127512],{"class":125},"document",[50,127514,129],{"class":64},[50,127516,126280],{"class":125},[50,127518,122],{"class":64},[50,127520,127521],{"class":125},"allowed",[50,127523,1770],{"class":64},[20,127525,2091],{},[41,127527,127528],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127529,127530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127531,127532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127533,4002],{"class":1494},[20,127535,127536,127537,129],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[380,127538,126174,127540,1845],{"href":127539},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127541,127542],{},"startswith()",[219,127544,1663],{"id":1662},[20,127546,8474,127547,129],{},[15,127548,126232],{},[811,127550,127552],{"id":127551},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127554,4550],{},[41,127556,127558],{"className":43,"code":127557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127559,127560,127572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127561,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127563,126257],{"class":56},[50,127565,61],{"class":60},[50,127567,81],{"class":68},[50,127569,127154],{"class":72},[50,127571,3384],{"class":68},[50,127573,127574],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127575,127576],{"class":146},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127578,127579],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[41,127581,127583],{"className":43,"code":127582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127584,127585,127597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127586,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127588,126257],{"class":56},[50,127590,61],{"class":60},[50,127592,81],{"class":68},[50,127594,127154],{"class":72},[50,127596,3384],{"class":68},[50,127598,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127600,119],{"class":118},[50,127602,122],{"class":64},[50,127604,126275],{"class":125},[50,127606,129],{"class":64},[50,127608,126280],{"class":125},[50,127610,5534],{"class":64},[50,127612,69],{"class":68},[50,127614,126665],{"class":72},[50,127616,69],{"class":68},[50,127618,89],{"class":64},[50,127620,81],{"class":68},[50,127622,126612],{"class":72},[50,127624,69],{"class":68},[50,127626,1799],{"class":64},[811,127628,127630],{"id":127629},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[41,127632,127634],{"className":43,"code":127633,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127635,127636,127648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127637,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127639,126257],{"class":56},[50,127641,61],{"class":60},[50,127643,81],{"class":68},[50,127645,127242],{"class":72},[50,127647,3384],{"class":68},[50,127649,127650,127652,127654,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127651,119],{"class":118},[50,127653,122],{"class":64},[50,127655,126275],{"class":125},[50,127657,129],{"class":64},[50,127659,126280],{"class":125},[50,127661,122],{"class":64},[50,127663,69],{"class":68},[50,127665,126287],{"class":72},[50,127667,69],{"class":68},[50,127669,1770],{"class":64},[20,127671,2091],{},[41,127673,127674],{"className":43,"code":4063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127675,127676],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127677,127678],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127679,4063],{"class":1494},[20,127681,39071],{},[41,127683,127684],{"className":43,"code":127318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127685,127686,127698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127687,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127689,126257],{"class":56},[50,127691,61],{"class":60},[50,127693,81],{"class":68},[50,127695,127242],{"class":72},[50,127697,3384],{"class":68},[50,127699,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127701,119],{"class":118},[50,127703,122],{"class":64},[50,127705,126275],{"class":125},[50,127707,129],{"class":64},[50,127709,8668],{"class":125},[50,127711,8665],{"class":64},[50,127713,126280],{"class":125},[50,127715,122],{"class":64},[50,127717,69],{"class":68},[50,127719,126287],{"class":72},[50,127721,69],{"class":68},[50,127723,1770],{"class":64},[811,127725,37012,127727,8733,127729],{"id":127726},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127728,126232],{},[15,127730,1562],{},[20,127732,127733,127735],{},[15,127734,126232],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[41,127737,127739],{"className":43,"code":127738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127740,127741,127754,127758,127780],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127742,127743,127745,127747,127749,127752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127744,34492],{"class":56},[50,127746,61],{"class":60},[50,127748,81],{"class":68},[50,127750,127751],{"class":72},"my_report.csv.backup",[50,127753,3384],{"class":68},[50,127755,127756],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127757,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,127759,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127761,119],{"class":118},[50,127763,122],{"class":64},[50,127765,34513],{"class":125},[50,127767,129],{"class":64},[50,127769,126280],{"class":125},[50,127771,122],{"class":64},[50,127773,69],{"class":68},[50,127775,126287],{"class":72},[50,127777,69],{"class":68},[50,127779,1770],{"class":64},[50,127781,127782,127784,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,127783,119],{"class":118},[50,127785,122],{"class":64},[50,127787,69],{"class":68},[50,127789,126287],{"class":72},[50,127791,69],{"class":68},[50,127793,1623],{"class":1622},[50,127795,42653],{"class":125},[50,127797,414],{"class":64},[20,127799,2091],{},[41,127801,127802],{"className":43,"code":127298,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127803,127804,127808],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127805,127806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127807,4063],{"class":1494},[50,127809,127810],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127811,4002],{"class":1494},[811,127813,8480,127815,127817],{"id":127814},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127816,126232],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127819,127820,127822],{},[15,127821,126232],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[41,127824,127826],{"className":43,"code":127825,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127827,127828,127840,127862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127829,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127831,126257],{"class":56},[50,127833,61],{"class":60},[50,127835,81],{"class":68},[50,127837,126264],{"class":72},[50,127839,3384],{"class":68},[50,127841,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850,127852,127854,127856,127858,127860],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127843,119],{"class":118},[50,127845,122],{"class":64},[50,127847,126275],{"class":125},[50,127849,129],{"class":64},[50,127851,126280],{"class":125},[50,127853,122],{"class":64},[50,127855,69],{"class":68},[50,127857,126287],{"class":72},[50,127859,69],{"class":68},[50,127861,1770],{"class":64},[50,127863,127864,127866,127868,127870],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127865,119],{"class":118},[50,127867,122],{"class":64},[50,127869,126275],{"class":125},[50,127871,414],{"class":64},[20,127873,2091],{},[41,127875,127877],{"className":43,"code":127876,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127878,127879,127883],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127880,127881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127882,4002],{"class":1494},[50,127884,127885,127888,127890],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127886,127887],{"class":56},"report",[50,127889,129],{"class":64},[50,127891,127892],{"class":24549},"csv\n",[20,127894,127895,127896,129],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[380,127897,127898],{"href":124342},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127900,65882],{},[233,127902,127903,127906,127909,127912],{},[236,127904,127905],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[236,127907,127908],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[236,127910,127911],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[236,127913,8444,127914,44442,127916,2901,127918,111371],{},[15,127915,126232],{},[15,127917,124345],{},[15,127919,41464],{},[20,127921,29937],{},[41,127923,127925],{"className":43,"code":127924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127926,127927,127937,127951,127973,127999],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127928,127929,127931,127933,127935],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127930,119],{"class":118},[50,127932,122],{"class":64},[50,127934,34513],{"class":125},[50,127936,414],{"class":64},[50,127938,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127940,119],{"class":118},[50,127942,122],{"class":64},[50,127944,41590],{"class":118},[50,127946,122],{"class":64},[50,127948,34513],{"class":125},[50,127950,1770],{"class":64},[50,127952,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967,127969,127971],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127954,119],{"class":118},[50,127956,122],{"class":64},[50,127958,34513],{"class":125},[50,127960,129],{"class":64},[50,127962,126280],{"class":125},[50,127964,122],{"class":64},[50,127966,1736],{"class":68},[50,127968,126287],{"class":72},[50,127970,1736],{"class":68},[50,127972,1770],{"class":64},[50,127974,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985,127987,127989,127991,127993,127995,127997],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,127976,119],{"class":118},[50,127978,122],{"class":64},[50,127980,34513],{"class":125},[50,127982,129],{"class":64},[50,127984,8668],{"class":125},[50,127986,8665],{"class":64},[50,127988,126280],{"class":125},[50,127990,122],{"class":64},[50,127992,1736],{"class":68},[50,127994,126287],{"class":72},[50,127996,1736],{"class":68},[50,127998,1770],{"class":64},[50,128000,128001,128003,128005,128007,128009,128011],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,128002,119],{"class":118},[50,128004,122],{"class":64},[50,128006,1780],{"class":1779},[50,128008,122],{"class":64},[50,128010,34513],{"class":125},[50,128012,1770],{"class":64},[219,128014,1857],{"id":1856},[811,128016,1861,128018,128020],{"id":128017},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128019,126232],{}," change the string?",[20,128022,128023,128024,2901,128026,129],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128025,3632],{},[15,128027,3702],{},[811,128029,5192,128031,128033],{"id":128030},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128032,126232],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128035,128036,128037,129],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128038,128039],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[811,128041,14907,128043,124510],{"id":128042},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128044,126232],{},[20,128046,128047,128048,2901,128050,128053],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128049,123904],{},[15,128051,128052],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[811,128055,5202,128057,1846,128059,1867],{"id":128056},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128058,126232],{},[15,128060,124169],{},[20,128062,128063,128065,128066,128068],{},[15,128064,126232],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128067,124169],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[219,128070,1909],{"id":1908},[233,128072,128073,128079,128085,128089,128093],{},[236,128074,128075],{},[380,128076,126174,128077,1845],{"href":127539},[15,128078,127542],{},[236,128080,128081],{},[380,128082,126174,128083,1845],{"href":123901},[15,128084,123904],{},[236,128086,128087],{},[380,128088,124573],{"href":123429},[236,128090,128091],{},[380,128092,124580],{"href":124342},[236,128094,128095],{},[380,128096,124929],{"href":50790},[1944,128098,128099],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":128101},[128102,128103,128105,128106,128111,128112,128118,128119,128120,128128,128138],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":126340,"depth":108,"text":128104},"What endswith() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":126555,"depth":108,"text":126556,"children":128107},[128108,128109,128110],{"id":126469,"depth":115,"text":126469},{"id":35879,"depth":115,"text":35879},{"id":52476,"depth":115,"text":52476},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":126968,"depth":108,"text":126969,"children":128113},[128114,128115,128116,128117],{"id":126972,"depth":115,"text":126973},{"id":127026,"depth":115,"text":127027},{"id":127083,"depth":115,"text":127084},{"id":127137,"depth":115,"text":127138},{"id":123820,"depth":108,"text":123821},{"id":127371,"depth":108,"text":127372},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":128121},[128122,128123,128124,128126],{"id":127551,"depth":115,"text":127552},{"id":127629,"depth":115,"text":127630},{"id":127726,"depth":115,"text":128125},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127814,"depth":115,"text":128127},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":128129},[128130,128132,128134,128136],{"id":128017,"depth":115,"text":128131},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128030,"depth":115,"text":128133},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128042,"depth":115,"text":128135},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128056,"depth":115,"text":128137},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126224,"description":128139},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128146,"title":128147,"body":128148,"description":129816,"extension":1981,"meta":129817,"navigation":111,"path":129818,"seo":129819,"stem":129820,"__hash__":129821},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128149,"toc":129789},[128150,128155,128160,128165,128170,128263,128273,128278,128283,128298,128300,128382,128390,128392,128394,128421,128423,128439,128446,128448,128556,128558,128563,128579,128581,128676,128684,128687,128693,128698,128703,128710,128849,128852,128865,128867,128871,128878,128948,128951,129000,129007,129014,129028,129033,129038,129084,129130,129146,129148,129153,129167,129170,129292,129297,129299,129304,129337,129340,129416,129418,129427,129441,129444,129528,129531,129642,129645,129673,129675,129682,129686,129692,129695,129701,129704,129711,129722,129728,129735,129737,129786],[10,128151,123174,128153,18],{"id":128152},"python-string-find-method",[15,128154,124169],{},[20,128156,123179,128157,128159],{},[15,128158,124169],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128161,128162,128163,129],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128164,65673],{},[20,128166,212,128167,128169],{},[15,128168,124169],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[41,128171,128173],{"className":43,"code":128172,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128174,128175,128187,128210,128223,128227,128250],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128176,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128178,34492],{"class":56},[50,128180,61],{"class":60},[50,128182,81],{"class":68},[50,128184,60224],{"class":72},[50,128186,3384],{"class":68},[50,128188,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128200,128202,128204,128206,128208],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128190,64738],{"class":56},[50,128192,61],{"class":60},[50,128194,42653],{"class":56},[50,128196,129],{"class":64},[50,128198,128199],{"class":125},"find",[50,128201,122],{"class":64},[50,128203,69],{"class":68},[50,128205,60409],{"class":72},[50,128207,69],{"class":68},[50,128209,414],{"class":64},[50,128211,128212,128214,128216,128218,128220],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128213,119],{"class":118},[50,128215,122],{"class":64},[50,128217,64765],{"class":125},[50,128219,1206],{"class":64},[50,128221,128222],{"class":146},"   # 6\n",[50,128224,128225],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,128226,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128228,128229,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244,128246,128248],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,128230,128231],{"class":56},"missing ",[50,128233,61],{"class":60},[50,128235,42653],{"class":56},[50,128237,129],{"class":64},[50,128239,128199],{"class":125},[50,128241,122],{"class":64},[50,128243,69],{"class":68},[50,128245,45],{"class":72},[50,128247,69],{"class":68},[50,128249,414],{"class":64},[50,128251,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,128253,119],{"class":118},[50,128255,122],{"class":64},[50,128257,26573],{"class":125},[50,128259,1206],{"class":64},[50,128261,128262],{"class":146},"    # -1\n",[43392,128264,128265],{},[20,128266,212,128267,128269,128270,128272],{},[15,128268,124169],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128271,65673],{}," if the substring is not found.",[219,128274,222,128276,225],{"id":128275},"what-find-does",[15,128277,124169],{},[20,128279,128280,128282],{},[15,128281,124169],{}," is a string method that:",[233,128284,128285,128288,128291,128296],{},[236,128286,128287],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[236,128289,128290],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[236,128292,241,128293,128295],{},[15,128294,65673],{}," if no match is found",[236,128297,126360],{},[20,128299,253],{},[41,128301,128303],{"className":43,"code":128302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128304,128305,128317,128321,128345,128369],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128306,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128308,34492],{"class":56},[50,128310,61],{"class":60},[50,128312,81],{"class":68},[50,128314,4111],{"class":72},[50,128316,3384],{"class":68},[50,128318,128319],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128320,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128322,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128324,119],{"class":118},[50,128326,122],{"class":64},[50,128328,34513],{"class":125},[50,128330,129],{"class":64},[50,128332,128199],{"class":125},[50,128334,122],{"class":64},[50,128336,69],{"class":68},[50,128338,123267],{"class":72},[50,128340,69],{"class":68},[50,128342,143],{"class":64},[50,128344,57462],{"class":146},[50,128346,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,128348,119],{"class":118},[50,128350,122],{"class":64},[50,128352,34513],{"class":125},[50,128354,129],{"class":64},[50,128356,128199],{"class":125},[50,128358,122],{"class":64},[50,128360,69],{"class":68},[50,128362,2194],{"class":72},[50,128364,69],{"class":68},[50,128366,143],{"class":64},[50,128368,128262],{"class":146},[50,128370,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,128372,119],{"class":118},[50,128374,122],{"class":64},[50,128376,34513],{"class":125},[50,128378,1206],{"class":64},[50,128380,128381],{"class":146},"              # banana\n",[20,128383,1212,128384,128387,128388,129],{},[15,128385,128386],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128389,2076],{},[219,128391,387],{"id":386},[20,128393,2180],{},[41,128395,128397],{"className":43,"code":128396,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128398,128399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128400,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128402,60992],{"class":56},[50,128404,129],{"class":64},[50,128406,128199],{"class":125},[50,128408,122],{"class":64},[50,128410,2495],{"class":125},[50,128412,89],{"class":64},[50,128414,35858],{"class":125},[50,128416,89],{"class":64},[50,128418,64859],{"class":125},[50,128420,414],{"class":64},[811,128422,17387],{"id":17386},[233,128424,128425,128429,128434],{},[236,128426,128427,123366],{},[15,128428,2495],{},[236,128430,128431,128433],{},[15,128432,35879],{},": optional starting position",[236,128435,128436,128438],{},[15,128437,52476],{},": optional ending position",[20,128440,128441,1846,128443,128445],{},[15,128442,35879],{},[15,128444,52476],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128447,126503],{},[41,128449,128451],{"className":43,"code":128450,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128452,128453,128465,128469,128494,128523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128454,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128456,34492],{"class":56},[50,128458,61],{"class":60},[50,128460,81],{"class":68},[50,128462,60224],{"class":72},[50,128464,3384],{"class":68},[50,128466,128467],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128468,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128470,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128472,119],{"class":118},[50,128474,122],{"class":64},[50,128476,34513],{"class":125},[50,128478,129],{"class":64},[50,128480,128199],{"class":125},[50,128482,122],{"class":64},[50,128484,69],{"class":68},[50,128486,60291],{"class":72},[50,128488,69],{"class":68},[50,128490,143],{"class":64},[50,128492,128493],{"class":146},"        # 4\n",[50,128495,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,128497,119],{"class":118},[50,128499,122],{"class":64},[50,128501,34513],{"class":125},[50,128503,129],{"class":64},[50,128505,128199],{"class":125},[50,128507,122],{"class":64},[50,128509,69],{"class":68},[50,128511,60291],{"class":72},[50,128513,69],{"class":68},[50,128515,89],{"class":64},[50,128517,4629],{"class":101},[50,128519,143],{"class":64},[50,128521,128522],{"class":146},"     # 7\n",[50,128524,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,128526,119],{"class":118},[50,128528,122],{"class":64},[50,128530,34513],{"class":125},[50,128532,129],{"class":64},[50,128534,128199],{"class":125},[50,128536,122],{"class":64},[50,128538,69],{"class":68},[50,128540,60291],{"class":72},[50,128542,69],{"class":68},[50,128544,89],{"class":64},[50,128546,4629],{"class":101},[50,128548,89],{"class":64},[50,128550,6018],{"class":101},[50,128552,143],{"class":64},[50,128554,128555],{"class":146},"  # -1\n",[219,128557,37829],{"id":37828},[20,128559,57361,128560,128562],{},[15,128561,124169],{}," is always an integer.",[233,128564,128565,128571,128574],{},[236,128566,128567,128568,128570],{},"A number ",[15,128569,1215],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[236,128572,128573],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[236,128575,128576,128578],{},[15,128577,65673],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128580,253],{},[41,128582,128584],{"className":43,"code":128583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128585,128586,128598,128602,128627,128652],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128587,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128589,34492],{"class":56},[50,128591,61],{"class":60},[50,128593,81],{"class":68},[50,128595,45],{"class":72},[50,128597,3384],{"class":68},[50,128599,128600],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128601,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128603,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128621,128623,128625],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128605,119],{"class":118},[50,128607,122],{"class":64},[50,128609,34513],{"class":125},[50,128611,129],{"class":64},[50,128613,128199],{"class":125},[50,128615,122],{"class":64},[50,128617,69],{"class":68},[50,128619,128620],{"class":72},"py",[50,128622,69],{"class":68},[50,128624,143],{"class":64},[50,128626,1209],{"class":146},[50,128628,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128646,128648,128650],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,128630,119],{"class":118},[50,128632,122],{"class":64},[50,128634,34513],{"class":125},[50,128636,129],{"class":64},[50,128638,128199],{"class":125},[50,128640,122],{"class":64},[50,128642,69],{"class":68},[50,128644,128645],{"class":72},"th",[50,128647,69],{"class":68},[50,128649,143],{"class":64},[50,128651,57462],{"class":146},[50,128653,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,128655,119],{"class":118},[50,128657,122],{"class":64},[50,128659,34513],{"class":125},[50,128661,129],{"class":64},[50,128663,128199],{"class":125},[50,128665,122],{"class":64},[50,128667,69],{"class":68},[50,128669,21875],{"class":72},[50,128671,69],{"class":68},[50,128673,143],{"class":64},[50,128675,128262],{"class":146},[20,128677,89729,128678,8483,128680,2901,128682,129],{},[15,128679,124169],{},[15,128681,3632],{},[15,128683,3702],{},[20,128685,128686],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[219,128688,8444,128689,1846,128691],{"id":65225},[15,128690,35879],{},[15,128692,52476],{},[20,128694,212,128695,128697],{},[15,128696,35879],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128699,212,128700,128702],{},[15,128701,52476],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128704,228,128705,75281,128707,128709],{},[15,128706,52476],{},[997,128708,64888],{}," in the search.",[41,128711,128713],{"className":43,"code":128712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128714,128715,128728,128732,128756,128785,128817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128716,128717,128719,128721,128723,128726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128718,34492],{"class":56},[50,128720,61],{"class":60},[50,128722,81],{"class":68},[50,128724,128725],{"class":72},"one two three two",[50,128727,3384],{"class":68},[50,128729,128730],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128731,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128733,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128735,119],{"class":118},[50,128737,122],{"class":64},[50,128739,34513],{"class":125},[50,128741,129],{"class":64},[50,128743,128199],{"class":125},[50,128745,122],{"class":64},[50,128747,69],{"class":68},[50,128749,79090],{"class":72},[50,128751,69],{"class":68},[50,128753,143],{"class":64},[50,128755,128493],{"class":146},[50,128757,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,128759,119],{"class":118},[50,128761,122],{"class":64},[50,128763,34513],{"class":125},[50,128765,129],{"class":64},[50,128767,128199],{"class":125},[50,128769,122],{"class":64},[50,128771,69],{"class":68},[50,128773,79090],{"class":72},[50,128775,69],{"class":68},[50,128777,89],{"class":64},[50,128779,4629],{"class":101},[50,128781,143],{"class":64},[50,128783,128784],{"class":146},"     # 14\n",[50,128786,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,128788,119],{"class":118},[50,128790,122],{"class":64},[50,128792,34513],{"class":125},[50,128794,129],{"class":64},[50,128796,128199],{"class":125},[50,128798,122],{"class":64},[50,128800,69],{"class":68},[50,128802,79090],{"class":72},[50,128804,69],{"class":68},[50,128806,89],{"class":64},[50,128808,1192],{"class":101},[50,128810,89],{"class":64},[50,128812,6018],{"class":101},[50,128814,143],{"class":64},[50,128816,50750],{"class":146},[50,128818,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,128820,119],{"class":118},[50,128822,122],{"class":64},[50,128824,34513],{"class":125},[50,128826,129],{"class":64},[50,128828,128199],{"class":125},[50,128830,122],{"class":64},[50,128832,69],{"class":68},[50,128834,79090],{"class":72},[50,128836,69],{"class":68},[50,128838,89],{"class":64},[50,128840,1192],{"class":101},[50,128842,89],{"class":64},[50,128844,2479],{"class":101},[50,128846,143],{"class":64},[50,128848,128555],{"class":146},[20,128850,128851],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128853,128854,128855,54885,128859,129],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[380,128856,128858],{"href":128857},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[380,128860,128862,128864],{"href":128861},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128863,60349],{}," string method",[219,128866,123821],{"id":123820},[20,128868,128869,123632],{},[15,128870,124169],{},[20,128872,127219,128873,1846,128875,128877],{},[15,128874,90237],{},[15,128876,64353],{}," are treated as different text.",[41,128879,128881],{"className":43,"code":128880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128882,128883,128896,128900,128924],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128884,128885,128887,128889,128891,128894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128886,34492],{"class":56},[50,128888,61],{"class":60},[50,128890,81],{"class":68},[50,128892,128893],{"class":72},"Hello World",[50,128895,3384],{"class":68},[50,128897,128898],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128899,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128901,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128903,119],{"class":118},[50,128905,122],{"class":64},[50,128907,34513],{"class":125},[50,128909,129],{"class":64},[50,128911,128199],{"class":125},[50,128913,122],{"class":64},[50,128915,69],{"class":68},[50,128917,34672],{"class":72},[50,128919,69],{"class":68},[50,128921,143],{"class":64},[50,128923,51062],{"class":146},[50,128925,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,128927,119],{"class":118},[50,128929,122],{"class":64},[50,128931,34513],{"class":125},[50,128933,129],{"class":64},[50,128935,128199],{"class":125},[50,128937,122],{"class":64},[50,128939,69],{"class":68},[50,128941,3870],{"class":72},[50,128943,69],{"class":68},[50,128945,143],{"class":64},[50,128947,128555],{"class":146},[20,128949,128950],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[41,128952,128954],{"className":43,"code":128953,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128955,128956,128968,128972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128957,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128959,34492],{"class":56},[50,128961,61],{"class":60},[50,128963,81],{"class":68},[50,128965,128893],{"class":72},[50,128967,3384],{"class":68},[50,128969,128970],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128971,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128973,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128975,119],{"class":118},[50,128977,122],{"class":64},[50,128979,34513],{"class":125},[50,128981,129],{"class":64},[50,128983,8668],{"class":125},[50,128985,8665],{"class":64},[50,128987,128199],{"class":125},[50,128989,122],{"class":64},[50,128991,69],{"class":68},[50,128993,3870],{"class":72},[50,128995,69],{"class":68},[50,128997,143],{"class":64},[50,128999,51062],{"class":146},[219,129001,129003,10608,129005],{"id":129002},"find-vs-index",[15,129004,124169],{},[15,129006,58785],{},[20,129008,129009,1846,129011,129013],{},[15,129010,124169],{},[15,129012,58785],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[233,129015,129016,129022],{},[236,129017,129018,35,129020],{},[15,129019,124169],{},[15,129021,65673],{},[236,129023,129024,52310,129026],{},[15,129025,58785],{},[15,129027,40514],{},[20,129029,212,129030,129032],{},[15,129031,124169],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129034,212,129035,129037],{},[15,129036,58785],{}," when the value must exist.",[41,129039,129041],{"className":43,"code":129040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129042,129043,129055,129059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129044,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129046,34492],{"class":56},[50,129048,61],{"class":60},[50,129050,81],{"class":68},[50,129052,3870],{"class":72},[50,129054,3384],{"class":68},[50,129056,129057],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129058,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129060,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129062,119],{"class":118},[50,129064,122],{"class":64},[50,129066,34513],{"class":125},[50,129068,129],{"class":64},[50,129070,128199],{"class":125},[50,129072,122],{"class":64},[50,129074,69],{"class":68},[50,129076,2194],{"class":72},[50,129078,69],{"class":68},[50,129080,143],{"class":64},[50,129082,129083],{"class":146},"   # -1\n",[41,129085,129087],{"className":43,"code":129086,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129088,129089,129101,129105],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129090,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129092,34492],{"class":56},[50,129094,61],{"class":60},[50,129096,81],{"class":68},[50,129098,3870],{"class":72},[50,129100,3384],{"class":68},[50,129102,129103],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129104,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129106,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129108,119],{"class":118},[50,129110,122],{"class":64},[50,129112,34513],{"class":125},[50,129114,129],{"class":64},[50,129116,35652],{"class":125},[50,129118,122],{"class":64},[50,129120,69],{"class":68},[50,129122,2194],{"class":72},[50,129124,69],{"class":68},[50,129126,143],{"class":64},[50,129128,129129],{"class":146},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129131,129132,129133,129137,129138,129140,129141,129],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[380,129134,129135,128864],{"href":124194},[15,129136,58785],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129139,58785],{},", read ",[380,129142,25479,129143],{"href":73301},[15,129144,129145],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[219,129147,40856],{"id":40855},[20,129149,35211,129150,129152],{},[15,129151,124169],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[233,129154,129155,129158,129161,129164],{},[236,129156,129157],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[236,129159,129160],{},"Get the position of a word",[236,129162,129163],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[236,129165,129166],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129168,129169],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[41,129171,129173],{"className":43,"code":129172,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129174,129175,129188,129211,129215,129230,129246,129265,129279],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129176,129177,129179,129181,129183,129186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129178,34492],{"class":56},[50,129180,61],{"class":60},[50,129182,81],{"class":68},[50,129184,129185],{"class":72},"name:Alice",[50,129187,3384],{"class":68},[50,129189,129190,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129191,129192],{"class":56},"colon_pos ",[50,129194,61],{"class":60},[50,129196,42653],{"class":56},[50,129198,129],{"class":64},[50,129200,128199],{"class":125},[50,129202,122],{"class":64},[50,129204,69],{"class":68},[50,129206,78],{"class":72},[50,129208,69],{"class":68},[50,129210,414],{"class":64},[50,129212,129213],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129214,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129216,129217,129219,129222,129224,129226,129228],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,129218,7023],{"class":1622},[50,129220,129221],{"class":56}," colon_pos ",[50,129223,72411],{"class":60},[50,129225,2242],{"class":60},[50,129227,3011],{"class":101},[50,129229,6417],{"class":64},[50,129231,129232,129235,129237,129239,129241,129244],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,129233,129234],{"class":56},"    label ",[50,129236,61],{"class":60},[50,129238,42653],{"class":56},[50,129240,75354],{"class":64},[50,129242,129243],{"class":56},"colon_pos",[50,129245,788],{"class":64},[50,129247,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,129249,27201],{"class":56},[50,129251,61],{"class":60},[50,129253,42653],{"class":56},[50,129255,779],{"class":64},[50,129257,129192],{"class":56},[50,129259,2079],{"class":60},[50,129261,5521],{"class":101},[50,129263,129264],{"class":64},":]\n",[50,129266,129267,129269,129271,129274,129276],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,129268,8094],{"class":118},[50,129270,122],{"class":64},[50,129272,129273],{"class":125},"label",[50,129275,1206],{"class":64},[50,129277,129278],{"class":146},"  # name\n",[50,129280,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,129282,8094],{"class":118},[50,129284,122],{"class":64},[50,129286,2495],{"class":125},[50,129288,1206],{"class":64},[50,129290,129291],{"class":146},"  # Alice\n",[20,129293,129294,129295,129],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[380,129296,127210],{"href":123429},[219,129298,1663],{"id":1662},[20,129300,129301,129302,78],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129303,124169],{},[233,129305,129306,129315,129321,129326,129332],{},[236,129307,8480,129308,8483,129310,2901,129312,129314],{},[15,129309,124169],{},[15,129311,3632],{},[15,129313,3702],{}," instead of an index",[236,129316,129317,129318,129320],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129319,65673],{}," when the substring is missing",[236,129322,8444,129323,129325],{},[15,129324,124169],{}," without handling case differences",[236,129327,37012,129328,8733,129330],{},[15,129329,124169],{},[15,129331,58785],{},[236,129333,1686,129334,129336],{},[15,129335,124169],{}," changes the string",[20,129338,129339],{},"Example of a mistake:",[41,129341,129343],{"className":43,"code":129342,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129344,129345,129357,129361,129381,129396,129402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129346,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129348,34492],{"class":56},[50,129350,61],{"class":60},[50,129352,81],{"class":68},[50,129354,3870],{"class":72},[50,129356,3384],{"class":68},[50,129358,129359],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129360,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129362,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129364,7023],{"class":1622},[50,129366,42653],{"class":56},[50,129368,129],{"class":64},[50,129370,128199],{"class":125},[50,129372,122],{"class":64},[50,129374,69],{"class":68},[50,129376,60256],{"class":72},[50,129378,69],{"class":68},[50,129380,8368],{"class":64},[50,129382,129383,129385,129387,129389,129392,129394],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,129384,8094],{"class":118},[50,129386,122],{"class":64},[50,129388,69],{"class":68},[50,129390,129391],{"class":72},"Found",[50,129393,69],{"class":68},[50,129395,414],{"class":64},[50,129397,129398,129400],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,129399,27234],{"class":1622},[50,129401,6417],{"class":64},[50,129403,129404,129406,129408,129410,129412,129414],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,129405,8094],{"class":118},[50,129407,122],{"class":64},[50,129409,69],{"class":68},[50,129411,26115],{"class":72},[50,129413,69],{"class":68},[50,129415,414],{"class":64},[20,129417,99735],{},[41,129419,129421],{"className":43,"code":129420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Not found\n",[15,129422,129423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129424,129425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129426,129420],{"class":56},[20,129428,45516,129429,129432,129433,17069,129435,129437,129438,129440],{},[15,129430,129431],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129434,1215],{},[15,129436,1215],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129439,7023],{}," statement.",[20,129442,129443],{},"A safer version is:",[41,129445,129447],{"className":43,"code":129446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129448,129449,129461,129465,129494,129508,129514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129450,129451,129453,129455,129457,129459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129452,34492],{"class":56},[50,129454,61],{"class":60},[50,129456,81],{"class":68},[50,129458,3870],{"class":72},[50,129460,3384],{"class":68},[50,129462,129463],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129464,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129466,129467,129469,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129488,129490,129492],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129468,7023],{"class":1622},[50,129470,42653],{"class":56},[50,129472,129],{"class":64},[50,129474,128199],{"class":125},[50,129476,122],{"class":64},[50,129478,69],{"class":68},[50,129480,60256],{"class":72},[50,129482,69],{"class":68},[50,129484,1206],{"class":64},[50,129486,129487],{"class":60}," !=",[50,129489,2242],{"class":60},[50,129491,3011],{"class":101},[50,129493,6417],{"class":64},[50,129495,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,129497,8094],{"class":118},[50,129499,122],{"class":64},[50,129501,69],{"class":68},[50,129503,129391],{"class":72},[50,129505,69],{"class":68},[50,129507,414],{"class":64},[50,129509,129510,129512],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,129511,27234],{"class":1622},[50,129513,6417],{"class":64},[50,129515,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524,129526],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,129517,8094],{"class":118},[50,129519,122],{"class":64},[50,129521,69],{"class":68},[50,129523,26115],{"class":72},[50,129525,69],{"class":68},[50,129527,414],{"class":64},[20,129529,129530],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[41,129532,129534],{"className":43,"code":129533,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129535,129536,129558,129572,129598,129612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129537,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129539,119],{"class":118},[50,129541,122],{"class":64},[50,129543,34513],{"class":125},[50,129545,129],{"class":64},[50,129547,128199],{"class":125},[50,129549,122],{"class":64},[50,129551,1736],{"class":68},[50,129553,38200],{"class":72},[50,129555,1736],{"class":68},[50,129557,1770],{"class":64},[50,129559,129560,129562,129564,129566,129568,129570],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129561,119],{"class":118},[50,129563,122],{"class":64},[50,129565,41590],{"class":118},[50,129567,122],{"class":64},[50,129569,34513],{"class":125},[50,129571,1770],{"class":64},[50,129573,129574,129576,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129575,119],{"class":118},[50,129577,122],{"class":64},[50,129579,34513],{"class":125},[50,129581,129],{"class":64},[50,129583,8668],{"class":125},[50,129585,8665],{"class":64},[50,129587,128199],{"class":125},[50,129589,122],{"class":64},[50,129591,1736],{"class":68},[50,129593,38200],{"class":72},[50,129595,1736],{"class":68},[50,129597,1770],{"class":64},[50,129599,129600,129602,129604,129606,129608,129610],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,129601,119],{"class":118},[50,129603,122],{"class":64},[50,129605,11181],{"class":118},[50,129607,122],{"class":64},[50,129609,34513],{"class":125},[50,129611,1770],{"class":64},[50,129613,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626,129628,129630,129632,129634,129636,129638,129640],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,129615,119],{"class":118},[50,129617,122],{"class":64},[50,129619,34513],{"class":125},[50,129621,129],{"class":64},[50,129623,128199],{"class":125},[50,129625,122],{"class":64},[50,129627,1736],{"class":68},[50,129629,38200],{"class":72},[50,129631,1736],{"class":68},[50,129633,89],{"class":64},[50,129635,35858],{"class":125},[50,129637,89],{"class":64},[50,129639,64859],{"class":125},[50,129641,1770],{"class":64},[20,129643,129644],{},"These help you check:",[233,129646,129647,129652,129657,129662,129665],{},[236,129648,129649,129650],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129651,124169],{},[236,129653,129654,129655],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129656,122388],{},[236,129658,129659,129660],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129661,123904],{},[236,129663,129664],{},"The string length",[236,129666,129667,129668,1846,129670,129672],{},"Whether your ",[15,129669,35879],{},[15,129671,52476],{}," values are correct",[219,129674,1857],{"id":1856},[811,129676,129678,129679,129681],{"id":129677},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129680,124169],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129683,5170,129684,129],{},[15,129685,65673],{},[811,129687,1861,129689,129691],{"id":129688},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129690,124169],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129693,129694],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[811,129696,129698,129699,124510],{"id":129697},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129700,124169],{},[20,129702,129703],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[811,129705,5202,129707,1846,129709,69474],{"id":129706},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129708,124169],{},[15,129710,58785],{},[20,129712,129713,35,129715,129717,129718,52310,129720,129],{},[15,129714,124169],{},[15,129716,65673],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129719,58785],{},[15,129721,40514],{},[811,129723,28129,129725,129727],{"id":129724},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129726,124169],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129729,129730,129731,1846,129733,65972],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129732,35879],{},[15,129734,52476],{},[219,129736,1909],{"id":1908},[233,129738,129739,129745,129751,129758,129764,129771,129775,129780],{},[236,129740,129741],{},[380,129742,126174,129743,1845],{"href":124194},[15,129744,58785],{},[236,129746,129747],{},[380,129748,126174,129749,1845],{"href":128861},[15,129750,60349],{},[236,129752,129753],{},[380,129754,126174,129756,1845],{"href":129755},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129757,124345],{},[236,129759,129760],{},[380,129761,126174,129762,1845],{"href":127539},[15,129763,127542],{},[236,129765,129766],{},[380,129767,126174,129769,1845],{"href":129768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129770,126232],{},[236,129772,129773],{},[380,129774,124573],{"href":123429},[236,129776,129777],{},[380,129778,129779],{"href":128857},"How to split a string in Python",[236,129781,129782],{},[380,129783,25922,129784],{"href":73301},[15,129785,129145],{},[1944,129787,129788],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":129790},[129791,129793,129796,129797,129798,129799,129801,129802,129803,129815],{"id":128275,"depth":108,"text":129792},"What find() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":129794},[129795],{"id":17386,"depth":115,"text":17387},{"id":37828,"depth":108,"text":37829},{"id":65225,"depth":108,"text":66008},{"id":123820,"depth":108,"text":123821},{"id":129002,"depth":108,"text":129800},"find() vs index()",{"id":40855,"depth":108,"text":40856},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":129804},[129805,129807,129809,129811,129813],{"id":129677,"depth":115,"text":129806},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129688,"depth":115,"text":129808},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129697,"depth":115,"text":129810},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129706,"depth":115,"text":129812},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129724,"depth":115,"text":129814},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128147,"description":129816},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129823,"title":129824,"body":129825,"description":131751,"extension":1981,"meta":131752,"navigation":111,"path":131753,"seo":131754,"stem":131755,"__hash__":131756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129826,"toc":131719},[129827,129832,129837,129840,129842,129918,129922,129950,129958,129962,129967,129971,129988,129990,130057,130061,130083,130091,130093,130096,130120,130123,130137,130139,130224,130228,130240,130243,130247,130253,130303,130307,130324,130333,130336,130344,130347,130396,130400,130425,130428,130483,130487,130499,130505,130509,130515,130520,130587,130591,130617,130620,130631,130633,130700,130704,130729,130736,130740,130745,130752,130760,130762,130814,130818,130836,130838,130883,130887,130902,130905,130915,130922,130924,130928,130931,130942,130944,131004,131008,131036,131039,131045,131050,131053,131057,131101,131104,131142,131145,131153,131155,131160,131164,131167,131215,131218,131221,131277,131281,131286,131289,131338,131340,131389,131395,131400,131402,131449,131453,131466,131468,131519,131525,131528,131532,131535,131541,131546,131548,131551,131623,131626,131643,131645,131650,131653,131657,131663,131669,131676,131682,131688,131690,131716],[10,129828,123174,129830,18],{"id":129829},"python-string-format-method",[15,129831,126177],{},[20,129833,123179,129834,129836],{},[15,129835,126177],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129838,129839],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[219,129841,2022],{"id":2021},[41,129843,129845],{"className":43,"code":129844,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129846,129847,129859,129867,129871,129908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129848,129849,129851,129853,129855,129857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129850,7903],{"class":56},[50,129852,61],{"class":60},[50,129854,81],{"class":68},[50,129856,11523],{"class":72},[50,129858,3384],{"class":68},[50,129860,129861,129863,129865],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129862,21426],{"class":56},[50,129864,61],{"class":60},[50,129866,88618],{"class":101},[50,129868,129869],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129870,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129872,129873,129875,129877,129879,129882,129884,129887,129889,129891,129893,129895,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,129874,89826],{"class":56},[50,129876,61],{"class":60},[50,129878,81],{"class":68},[50,129880,129881],{"class":72},"My name is ",[50,129883,1240],{"class":101},[50,129885,129886],{"class":72}," and I am ",[50,129888,1240],{"class":101},[50,129890,122170],{"class":72},[50,129892,69],{"class":68},[50,129894,129],{"class":64},[50,129896,129897],{"class":125},"format",[50,129899,122],{"class":64},[50,129901,73],{"class":125},[50,129903,89],{"class":64},[50,129905,9215],{"class":125},[50,129907,414],{"class":64},[50,129909,129910,129912,129914,129916],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,129911,119],{"class":118},[50,129913,122],{"class":64},[50,129915,89843],{"class":125},[50,129917,414],{"class":64},[20,129919,129920],{},[997,129921,2091],{},[41,129923,129925],{"className":43,"code":129924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129926,129927],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129928,129929,129932,129934,129937,129940,129943,129946,129948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129930,129931],{"class":56},"My name ",[50,129933,12207],{"class":60},[50,129935,129936],{"class":56}," Maya ",[50,129938,129939],{"class":60},"and",[50,129941,129942],{"class":56}," I am ",[50,129944,129945],{"class":101},"12",[50,129947,122203],{"class":56},[50,129949,122206],{"class":64},[20,129951,212,129952,129954,129955,129957],{},[15,129953,1240],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129956,126177],{}," in the same order.",[20,129959,124926,129960,129],{},[380,129961,124929],{"href":50790},[219,129963,13005,129965,13008],{"id":129964},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129966,126177],{},[20,129968,228,129969,231],{},[15,129970,126177],{},[233,129972,129973,129976,129982,129985],{},[236,129974,129975],{},"inserts values into a string",[236,129977,129978,129979,129981],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129980,1240],{}," with given values",[236,129983,129984],{},"returns a new string",[236,129986,129987],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129989,253],{},[41,129991,129993],{"className":43,"code":129992,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129994,129995,130009,130032,130036,130047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129996,129997,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129998,34492],{"class":56},[50,130000,61],{"class":60},[50,130002,81],{"class":68},[50,130004,44714],{"class":72},[50,130006,1240],{"class":101},[50,130008,3384],{"class":68},[50,130010,130011,130014,130016,130018,130020,130022,130024,130026,130028,130030],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130012,130013],{"class":56},"new_text ",[50,130015,61],{"class":60},[50,130017,42653],{"class":56},[50,130019,129],{"class":64},[50,130021,129897],{"class":125},[50,130023,122],{"class":64},[50,130025,69],{"class":68},[50,130027,7702],{"class":72},[50,130029,69],{"class":68},[50,130031,414],{"class":64},[50,130033,130034],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,130035,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,130037,130038,130040,130042,130045],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,130039,119],{"class":118},[50,130041,122],{"class":64},[50,130043,130044],{"class":125},"new_text",[50,130046,414],{"class":64},[50,130048,130049,130051,130053,130055],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,130050,119],{"class":118},[50,130052,122],{"class":64},[50,130054,34513],{"class":125},[50,130056,414],{"class":64},[20,130058,130059],{},[997,130060,2091],{},[41,130062,130064],{"className":43,"code":130063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130065,130066,130075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130067,130068,130070,130072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130069,34672],{"class":56},[50,130071,89],{"class":64},[50,130073,130074],{"class":56}," Sam\n",[50,130076,130077,130079,130081],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130078,34672],{"class":56},[50,130080,89],{"class":64},[50,130082,9862],{"class":64},[20,130084,2307,130085,130087,130088,130090],{},[15,130086,34513],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130089,126177],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[219,130092,387],{"id":386},[20,130094,130095],{},"The general form is:",[41,130097,130099],{"className":43,"code":130098,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130100,130101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130102,130103,130105,130108,130110,130112,130114,130116,130118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130104,69],{"class":43140},[50,130106,130107],{"class":43144},"text {}",[50,130109,69],{"class":43140},[50,130111,129],{"class":64},[50,130113,129897],{"class":125},[50,130115,122],{"class":64},[50,130117,2495],{"class":125},[50,130119,414],{"class":64},[20,130121,130122],{},"Key idea:",[233,130124,130125,130131,130134],{},[236,130126,130127,130128,130130],{},"each ",[15,130129,1240],{}," is a placeholder",[236,130132,130133],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[236,130135,130136],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130138,253],{},[41,130140,130142],{"className":43,"code":130141,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130143,130144,130157,130171,130175,130213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130145,130146,130149,130151,130153,130155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130147,130148],{"class":56},"animal ",[50,130150,61],{"class":60},[50,130152,81],{"class":68},[50,130154,36855],{"class":72},[50,130156,3384],{"class":68},[50,130158,130159,130162,130164,130166,130169],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130160,130161],{"class":56},"sound ",[50,130163,61],{"class":60},[50,130165,81],{"class":68},[50,130167,130168],{"class":72},"meow",[50,130170,3384],{"class":68},[50,130172,130173],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,130174,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,130176,130177,130180,130182,130184,130186,130188,130191,130193,130195,130197,130199,130201,130203,130206,130208,130211],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,130178,130179],{"class":56},"sentence ",[50,130181,61],{"class":60},[50,130183,81],{"class":68},[50,130185,228],{"class":72},[50,130187,1240],{"class":101},[50,130189,130190],{"class":72}," says ",[50,130192,1240],{"class":101},[50,130194,129],{"class":72},[50,130196,69],{"class":68},[50,130198,129],{"class":64},[50,130200,129897],{"class":125},[50,130202,122],{"class":64},[50,130204,130205],{"class":125},"animal",[50,130207,89],{"class":64},[50,130209,130210],{"class":125}," sound",[50,130212,414],{"class":64},[50,130214,130215,130217,130219,130222],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,130216,119],{"class":118},[50,130218,122],{"class":64},[50,130220,130221],{"class":125},"sentence",[50,130223,414],{"class":64},[20,130225,130226],{},[997,130227,2091],{},[41,130229,130231],{"className":43,"code":130230,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130232,130233],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130234,130235,130238],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130236,130237],{"class":56},"The cat says meow",[50,130239,122206],{"class":64},[20,130241,130242],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[219,130244,130246],{"id":130245},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130248,130249,130250,130252],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130251,1240],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[41,130254,130256],{"className":43,"code":130255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130257,130258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130259,130260,130262,130264,130266,130269,130271,130273,130275,130277,130279,130281,130283,130285,130287,130290,130292,130294,130296,130299,130301],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130261,119],{"class":118},[50,130263,122],{"class":64},[50,130265,69],{"class":68},[50,130267,130268],{"class":72},"I like ",[50,130270,1240],{"class":101},[50,130272,1846],{"class":72},[50,130274,1240],{"class":101},[50,130276,129],{"class":72},[50,130278,69],{"class":68},[50,130280,129],{"class":64},[50,130282,129897],{"class":125},[50,130284,122],{"class":64},[50,130286,69],{"class":68},[50,130288,130289],{"class":72},"pizza",[50,130291,69],{"class":68},[50,130293,89],{"class":64},[50,130295,81],{"class":68},[50,130297,130298],{"class":72},"pasta",[50,130300,69],{"class":68},[50,130302,1770],{"class":64},[20,130304,130305],{},[997,130306,2091],{},[41,130308,130310],{"className":43,"code":130309,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130311,130312],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130313,130314,130317,130319,130322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130315,130316],{"class":56},"I like pizza ",[50,130318,129939],{"class":60},[50,130320,130321],{"class":56}," pasta",[50,130323,122206],{"class":64},[20,130325,130326,130327,1846,130330,129],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130328,130329],{},"{0}",[15,130331,130332],{},"{1}",[20,130334,130335],{},"This is helpful when:",[233,130337,130338,130341],{},[236,130339,130340],{},"you want to reuse a value",[236,130342,130343],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130345,130346],{},"Example with reused values:",[41,130348,130350],{"className":43,"code":130349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130351,130352,130386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130353,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130365,130367,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130355,34492],{"class":56},[50,130357,61],{"class":60},[50,130359,81],{"class":68},[50,130361,130329],{"class":101},[50,130363,130364],{"class":72}," is learning Python. ",[50,130366,130329],{"class":101},[50,130368,130369],{"class":72}," likes coding.",[50,130371,69],{"class":68},[50,130373,129],{"class":64},[50,130375,129897],{"class":125},[50,130377,122],{"class":64},[50,130379,69],{"class":68},[50,130381,280],{"class":72},[50,130383,69],{"class":68},[50,130385,414],{"class":64},[50,130387,130388,130390,130392,130394],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130389,119],{"class":118},[50,130391,122],{"class":64},[50,130393,34513],{"class":125},[50,130395,414],{"class":64},[20,130397,130398],{},[997,130399,2091],{},[41,130401,130403],{"className":43,"code":130402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130404,130405],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130406,130407,130410,130412,130415,130417,130420,130423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130408,130409],{"class":56},"Lina ",[50,130411,12207],{"class":60},[50,130413,130414],{"class":56}," learning Python",[50,130416,129],{"class":64},[50,130418,130419],{"class":24549}," Lina",[50,130421,130422],{"class":56}," likes coding",[50,130424,122206],{"class":64},[20,130426,130427],{},"Example with changed order:",[41,130429,130431],{"className":43,"code":130430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130432,130433,130473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130434,130435,130437,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130436,34492],{"class":56},[50,130438,61],{"class":60},[50,130440,81],{"class":68},[50,130442,130332],{"class":101},[50,130444,83145],{"class":72},[50,130446,130329],{"class":101},[50,130448,129],{"class":72},[50,130450,69],{"class":68},[50,130452,129],{"class":64},[50,130454,129897],{"class":125},[50,130456,122],{"class":64},[50,130458,69],{"class":68},[50,130460,6610],{"class":72},[50,130462,69],{"class":68},[50,130464,89],{"class":64},[50,130466,81],{"class":68},[50,130468,79090],{"class":72},[50,130470,69],{"class":68},[50,130472,414],{"class":64},[50,130474,130475,130477,130479,130481],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130476,119],{"class":118},[50,130478,122],{"class":64},[50,130480,34513],{"class":125},[50,130482,414],{"class":64},[20,130484,130485],{},[997,130486,2091],{},[41,130488,130490],{"className":43,"code":130489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130491,130492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130493,130494,130497],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130495,130496],{"class":56},"two comes after one",[50,130498,122206],{"class":64},[20,130500,130501,130502,130504],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130503,1240],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[219,130506,130508],{"id":130507},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130510,130511,130512,129],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130513,130514],{},"{name}",[20,130516,130517,130518,78],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130519,126177],{},[41,130521,130523],{"className":43,"code":130522,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130524,130525,130577],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130526,130527,130529,130531,130533,130535,130537,130540,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130571,130573,130575],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130528,34492],{"class":56},[50,130530,61],{"class":60},[50,130532,81],{"class":68},[50,130534,129881],{"class":72},[50,130536,130514],{"class":101},[50,130538,130539],{"class":72}," and I live in ",[50,130541,130542],{"class":101},"{city}",[50,130544,129],{"class":72},[50,130546,69],{"class":68},[50,130548,129],{"class":64},[50,130550,129897],{"class":125},[50,130552,122],{"class":64},[50,130554,73],{"class":9202},[50,130556,61],{"class":60},[50,130558,69],{"class":68},[50,130560,84],{"class":72},[50,130562,69],{"class":68},[50,130564,89],{"class":64},[50,130566,31187],{"class":9202},[50,130568,61],{"class":60},[50,130570,69],{"class":68},[50,130572,16032],{"class":72},[50,130574,69],{"class":68},[50,130576,414],{"class":64},[50,130578,130579,130581,130583,130585],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130580,119],{"class":118},[50,130582,122],{"class":64},[50,130584,34513],{"class":125},[50,130586,414],{"class":64},[20,130588,130589],{},[997,130590,2091],{},[41,130592,130594],{"className":43,"code":130593,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130595,130596],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130597,130598,130600,130602,130605,130607,130610,130612,130615],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130599,129931],{"class":56},[50,130601,12207],{"class":60},[50,130603,130604],{"class":56}," Ana ",[50,130606,129939],{"class":60},[50,130608,130609],{"class":56}," I live ",[50,130611,1562],{"class":60},[50,130613,130614],{"class":56}," Lima",[50,130616,122206],{"class":64},[20,130618,130619],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[233,130621,130622,130625,130628],{},[236,130623,130624],{},"they make code easier to read",[236,130626,130627],{},"they help when a string has many values",[236,130629,130630],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130632,253],{},[41,130634,130636],{"className":43,"code":130635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130637,130638,130690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130639,130640,130643,130645,130647,130650,130653,130656,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669,130671,130673,130676,130678,130680,130683,130685,130688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130641,130642],{"class":56},"report ",[50,130644,61],{"class":60},[50,130646,81],{"class":68},[50,130648,130649],{"class":72},"Student: ",[50,130651,130652],{"class":101},"{student}",[50,130654,130655],{"class":72},", Score: ",[50,130657,130658],{"class":101},"{score}",[50,130660,69],{"class":68},[50,130662,129],{"class":64},[50,130664,129897],{"class":125},[50,130666,122],{"class":64},[50,130668,311],{"class":9202},[50,130670,61],{"class":60},[50,130672,69],{"class":68},[50,130674,130675],{"class":72},"Noah",[50,130677,69],{"class":68},[50,130679,89],{"class":64},[50,130681,130682],{"class":9202}," score",[50,130684,61],{"class":60},[50,130686,130687],{"class":101},"95",[50,130689,414],{"class":64},[50,130691,130692,130694,130696,130698],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130693,119],{"class":118},[50,130695,122],{"class":64},[50,130697,127887],{"class":125},[50,130699,414],{"class":64},[20,130701,130702],{},[997,130703,2091],{},[41,130705,130707],{"className":43,"code":130706,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130708,130709],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130710,130711,130714,130716,130719,130721,130724,130726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130712,130713],{"class":56},"Student",[50,130715,78],{"class":64},[50,130717,130718],{"class":56}," Noah",[50,130720,89],{"class":64},[50,130722,130723],{"class":56}," Score",[50,130725,78],{"class":64},[50,130727,130728],{"class":101}," 95\n",[20,130730,130731,130732,129],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[380,130733,3603,130734,3536],{"href":41986},[15,130735,47497],{},[219,130737,130739],{"id":130738},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130741,130742,130744],{},[15,130743,126177],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130746,130747,130748,130751],{},"A common example is ",[15,130749,130750],{},":.2f",", which means:",[233,130753,130754,130757],{},[236,130755,130756],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[236,130758,130759],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130761,253],{},[41,130763,130765],{"className":43,"code":130764,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130766,130767,130775,130804],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130768,130769,130771,130773],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130770,40197],{"class":56},[50,130772,61],{"class":60},[50,130774,49090],{"class":101},[50,130776,130777,130779,130781,130783,130786,130788,130790,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130778,34492],{"class":56},[50,130780,61],{"class":60},[50,130782,81],{"class":68},[50,130784,130785],{"class":72},"Price: $",[50,130787,9304],{"class":101},[50,130789,130750],{"class":2085},[50,130791,22101],{"class":101},[50,130793,69],{"class":68},[50,130795,129],{"class":64},[50,130797,129897],{"class":125},[50,130799,122],{"class":64},[50,130801,24949],{"class":125},[50,130803,414],{"class":64},[50,130805,130806,130808,130810,130812],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,130807,119],{"class":118},[50,130809,122],{"class":64},[50,130811,34513],{"class":125},[50,130813,414],{"class":64},[20,130815,130816],{},[997,130817,2091],{},[41,130819,130821],{"className":43,"code":130820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130822,130823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130824,130825,130828,130830,130833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130826,130827],{"class":56},"Price",[50,130829,78],{"class":64},[50,130831,130832],{"class":37175}," $",[50,130834,130835],{"class":101},"3.50\n",[20,130837,51895],{},[41,130839,130841],{"className":43,"code":130840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130842,130843,130853],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130844,130845,130848,130850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130846,130847],{"class":56},"average ",[50,130849,61],{"class":60},[50,130851,130852],{"class":101}," 91.236\n",[50,130854,130855,130857,130859,130861,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130881],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130856,119],{"class":118},[50,130858,122],{"class":64},[50,130860,69],{"class":68},[50,130862,130863],{"class":72},"Average: ",[50,130865,9304],{"class":101},[50,130867,130750],{"class":2085},[50,130869,22101],{"class":101},[50,130871,69],{"class":68},[50,130873,129],{"class":64},[50,130875,129897],{"class":125},[50,130877,122],{"class":64},[50,130879,130880],{"class":125},"average",[50,130882,1770],{"class":64},[20,130884,130885],{},[997,130886,2091],{},[41,130888,130890],{"className":43,"code":130889,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130891,130892],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130893,130894,130897,130899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130895,130896],{"class":56},"Average",[50,130898,78],{"class":64},[50,130900,130901],{"class":101}," 91.24\n",[20,130903,130904],{},"This is useful for:",[233,130906,130907,130909,130912],{},[236,130908,82903],{},[236,130910,130911],{},"averages",[236,130913,130914],{},"percentages",[20,130916,130917,130918,129],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[380,130919,3603,130920,2324],{"href":46262},[15,130921,46265],{},[219,130923,17411],{"id":17410},[20,130925,130926,92340],{},[15,130927,126177],{},[20,130929,130930],{},"That means you can:",[233,130932,130933,130936,130939],{},[236,130934,130935],{},"save it in a variable",[236,130937,130938],{},"print it directly",[236,130940,130941],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130943,253],{},[41,130945,130947],{"className":43,"code":130946,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130948,130949,130980,130990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130950,130951,130953,130955,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965,130967,130969,130971,130973,130976,130978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130952,89826],{"class":56},[50,130954,61],{"class":60},[50,130956,81],{"class":68},[50,130958,44714],{"class":72},[50,130960,1240],{"class":101},[50,130962,89667],{"class":72},[50,130964,69],{"class":68},[50,130966,129],{"class":64},[50,130968,129897],{"class":125},[50,130970,122],{"class":64},[50,130972,69],{"class":68},[50,130974,130975],{"class":72},"Chris",[50,130977,69],{"class":68},[50,130979,414],{"class":64},[50,130981,130982,130984,130986,130988],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130983,119],{"class":118},[50,130985,122],{"class":64},[50,130987,89843],{"class":125},[50,130989,414],{"class":64},[50,130991,130992,130994,130996,130998,131000,131002],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,130993,119],{"class":118},[50,130995,122],{"class":64},[50,130997,1780],{"class":1779},[50,130999,122],{"class":64},[50,131001,89843],{"class":125},[50,131003,1770],{"class":64},[20,131005,131006],{},[997,131007,2091],{},[41,131009,131011],{"className":43,"code":131010,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131012,131013,131022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131014,131015,131017,131019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131016,34672],{"class":56},[50,131018,89],{"class":64},[50,131020,131021],{"class":56}," Chris!\n",[50,131023,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032,131034],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131025,3315],{"class":60},[50,131027,3318],{"class":2085},[50,131029,3321],{"class":68},[50,131031,3470],{"class":72},[50,131033,1736],{"class":68},[50,131035,3328],{"class":60},[20,131037,131038],{},"The original string is not changed.",[219,131040,131042,131044],{"id":131041},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131043,126177],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131046,131047,131049],{},[15,131048,126177],{}," is a string method.",[20,131051,131052],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131054,45853,131055,78],{},[15,131056,126177],{},[41,131058,131060],{"className":43,"code":131059,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131061,131062,131075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131063,131064,131066,131068,131070,131073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131065,7903],{"class":56},[50,131067,61],{"class":60},[50,131069,81],{"class":68},[50,131071,131072],{"class":72},"Rita",[50,131074,3384],{"class":68},[50,131076,131077,131079,131081,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131078,119],{"class":118},[50,131080,122],{"class":64},[50,131082,69],{"class":68},[50,131084,44714],{"class":72},[50,131086,1240],{"class":101},[50,131088,89667],{"class":72},[50,131090,69],{"class":68},[50,131092,129],{"class":64},[50,131094,129897],{"class":125},[50,131096,122],{"class":64},[50,131098,73],{"class":125},[50,131100,1770],{"class":64},[20,131102,131103],{},"Example with an f-string:",[41,131105,131107],{"className":43,"code":131106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131108,131109,131121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131110,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131112,7903],{"class":56},[50,131114,61],{"class":60},[50,131116,81],{"class":68},[50,131118,131072],{"class":72},[50,131120,3384],{"class":68},[50,131122,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131140],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131124,119],{"class":118},[50,131126,122],{"class":64},[50,131128,22092],{"class":2085},[50,131130,43158],{"class":72},[50,131132,9304],{"class":101},[50,131134,73],{"class":125},[50,131136,22101],{"class":101},[50,131138,131139],{"class":72},"!\"",[50,131141,414],{"class":64},[20,131143,131144],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131146,131147,131148,131150,131151,129],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131149,126177],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[380,131152,89512],{"href":89511},[219,131154,1663],{"id":1662},[20,131156,131157,131158,129],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131159,126177],{},[811,131161,131163],{"id":131162},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131165,131166],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[41,131168,131170],{"className":43,"code":131169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131171,131172,131205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131173,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131175,34492],{"class":56},[50,131177,61],{"class":60},[50,131179,81],{"class":68},[50,131181,44714],{"class":72},[50,131183,1240],{"class":101},[50,131185,131186],{"class":101}," {}",[50,131188,89667],{"class":72},[50,131190,69],{"class":68},[50,131192,129],{"class":64},[50,131194,129897],{"class":125},[50,131196,122],{"class":64},[50,131198,69],{"class":68},[50,131200,7702],{"class":72},[50,131202,69],{"class":68},[50,131204,414],{"class":64},[50,131206,131207,131209,131211,131213],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131208,119],{"class":118},[50,131210,122],{"class":64},[50,131212,34513],{"class":125},[50,131214,414],{"class":64},[20,131216,131217],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131219,131220],{},"Fixed version:",[41,131222,131224],{"className":43,"code":131223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131225,131226,131267],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131227,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131263,131265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131229,34492],{"class":56},[50,131231,61],{"class":60},[50,131233,81],{"class":68},[50,131235,44714],{"class":72},[50,131237,1240],{"class":101},[50,131239,131186],{"class":101},[50,131241,89667],{"class":72},[50,131243,69],{"class":68},[50,131245,129],{"class":64},[50,131247,129897],{"class":125},[50,131249,122],{"class":64},[50,131251,69],{"class":68},[50,131253,7702],{"class":72},[50,131255,69],{"class":68},[50,131257,89],{"class":64},[50,131259,81],{"class":68},[50,131261,131262],{"class":72},"Lee",[50,131264,69],{"class":68},[50,131266,414],{"class":64},[50,131268,131269,131271,131273,131275],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131270,119],{"class":118},[50,131272,122],{"class":64},[50,131274,34513],{"class":125},[50,131276,414],{"class":64},[811,131278,131280],{"id":131279},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131282,131283,131284,129],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131285,126177],{},[20,131287,131288],{},"Problem:",[41,131290,131292],{"className":43,"code":131291,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131293,131294,131328],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131295,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131297,34492],{"class":56},[50,131299,61],{"class":60},[50,131301,81],{"class":68},[50,131303,44714],{"class":72},[50,131305,130514],{"class":101},[50,131307,89667],{"class":72},[50,131309,69],{"class":68},[50,131311,129],{"class":64},[50,131313,129897],{"class":125},[50,131315,122],{"class":64},[50,131317,627],{"class":9202},[50,131319,61],{"class":60},[50,131321,69],{"class":68},[50,131323,7702],{"class":72},[50,131325,69],{"class":68},[50,131327,414],{"class":64},[50,131329,131330,131332,131334,131336],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131331,119],{"class":118},[50,131333,122],{"class":64},[50,131335,34513],{"class":125},[50,131337,414],{"class":64},[20,131339,131220],{},[41,131341,131343],{"className":43,"code":131342,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131344,131345,131379],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131346,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131348,34492],{"class":56},[50,131350,61],{"class":60},[50,131352,81],{"class":68},[50,131354,44714],{"class":72},[50,131356,130514],{"class":101},[50,131358,89667],{"class":72},[50,131360,69],{"class":68},[50,131362,129],{"class":64},[50,131364,129897],{"class":125},[50,131366,122],{"class":64},[50,131368,73],{"class":9202},[50,131370,61],{"class":60},[50,131372,69],{"class":68},[50,131374,7702],{"class":72},[50,131376,69],{"class":68},[50,131378,414],{"class":64},[50,131380,131381,131383,131385,131387],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131382,119],{"class":118},[50,131384,122],{"class":64},[50,131386,34513],{"class":125},[50,131388,414],{"class":64},[811,131390,8480,131392,131394],{"id":131391},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131393,126177],{}," to change the original string",[20,131396,131397,131399],{},[15,131398,126177],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131401,131288],{},[41,131403,131405],{"className":43,"code":131404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131406,131407,131421,131439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131408,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131410,34492],{"class":56},[50,131412,61],{"class":60},[50,131414,81],{"class":68},[50,131416,44714],{"class":72},[50,131418,1240],{"class":101},[50,131420,3384],{"class":68},[50,131422,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131424,34513],{"class":56},[50,131426,129],{"class":64},[50,131428,129897],{"class":125},[50,131430,122],{"class":64},[50,131432,69],{"class":68},[50,131434,7702],{"class":72},[50,131436,69],{"class":68},[50,131438,414],{"class":64},[50,131440,131441,131443,131445,131447],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131442,119],{"class":118},[50,131444,122],{"class":64},[50,131446,34513],{"class":125},[50,131448,414],{"class":64},[20,131450,131451],{},[997,131452,2091],{},[41,131454,131456],{"className":43,"code":131455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131457,131458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131459,131460,131462,131464],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131461,34672],{"class":56},[50,131463,89],{"class":64},[50,131465,9862],{"class":64},[20,131467,131220],{},[41,131469,131471],{"className":43,"code":131470,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131472,131473,131487,131509],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131474,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131476,34492],{"class":56},[50,131478,61],{"class":60},[50,131480,81],{"class":68},[50,131482,44714],{"class":72},[50,131484,1240],{"class":101},[50,131486,3384],{"class":68},[50,131488,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131490,34492],{"class":56},[50,131492,61],{"class":60},[50,131494,42653],{"class":56},[50,131496,129],{"class":64},[50,131498,129897],{"class":125},[50,131500,122],{"class":64},[50,131502,69],{"class":68},[50,131504,7702],{"class":72},[50,131506,69],{"class":68},[50,131508,414],{"class":64},[50,131510,131511,131513,131515,131517],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131512,119],{"class":118},[50,131514,122],{"class":64},[50,131516,34513],{"class":125},[50,131518,414],{"class":64},[811,131520,1678,131522,131524],{"id":131521},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131523,126177],{}," returns a new string",[20,131526,131527],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[811,131529,131531],{"id":131530},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131533,131534],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131536,131537,131538,131540],{},"Use simple ",[15,131539,1240],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131542,131543,131544,129],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[380,131545,90225],{"href":90224},[219,131547,67714],{"id":67713},[20,131549,131550],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[41,131552,131554],{"className":43,"code":131553,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131555,131556,131566,131580,131609],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131557,131558,131560,131562,131564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131559,119],{"class":118},[50,131561,122],{"class":64},[50,131563,34513],{"class":125},[50,131565,414],{"class":64},[50,131567,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131569,119],{"class":118},[50,131571,122],{"class":64},[50,131573,1780],{"class":1779},[50,131575,122],{"class":64},[50,131577,2495],{"class":125},[50,131579,1770],{"class":64},[50,131581,131582,131584,131586,131588,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131583,119],{"class":118},[50,131585,122],{"class":64},[50,131587,69],{"class":68},[50,131589,131590],{"class":72},"Hello ",[50,131592,1240],{"class":101},[50,131594,69],{"class":68},[50,131596,129],{"class":64},[50,131598,129897],{"class":125},[50,131600,122],{"class":64},[50,131602,69],{"class":68},[50,131604,7702],{"class":72},[50,131606,69],{"class":68},[50,131608,1770],{"class":64},[50,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,131612,31955],{"class":118},[50,131614,122],{"class":64},[50,131616,3470],{"class":1779},[50,131618,129],{"class":64},[50,131620,129897],{"class":24549},[50,131622,414],{"class":64},[20,131624,131625],{},"Use them to check:",[233,131627,131628,131631,131634,131637],{},[236,131629,131630],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[236,131632,131633],{},"what type your value has",[236,131635,131636],{},"whether a small test example works",[236,131638,131639,131640],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131641,131642],{},"str.format",[219,131644,1857],{"id":1856},[811,131646,129678,131648,12726],{"id":131647},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131649,126177],{},[20,131651,131652],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[811,131654,131656],{"id":131655},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131658,131659,131660,131662],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131661,1240],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[811,131664,131666,131667,1867],{"id":131665},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131668,126177],{},[20,131670,131671,131672,131675],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131673,131674],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[811,131677,14907,131679,131681],{"id":131678},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131680,126177],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131683,131684,131685,131687],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131686,126177],{}," is still useful and common.",[219,131689,1909],{"id":1908},[233,131691,131692,131696,131700,131706,131712],{},[236,131693,131694],{},[380,131695,124929],{"href":50790},[236,131697,131698],{},[380,131699,90502],{"href":89511},[236,131701,131702],{},[380,131703,3603,131704,3536],{"href":46262},[15,131705,46265],{},[236,131707,131708],{},[380,131709,3603,131710,3536],{"href":41986},[15,131711,47497],{},[236,131713,131714],{},[380,131715,90225],{"href":90224},[1944,131717,131718],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":131720},[131721,131722,131724,131725,131726,131727,131728,131729,131731,131740,131741,131750],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":129964,"depth":108,"text":131723},"What the format() method does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":130245,"depth":108,"text":130246},{"id":130507,"depth":108,"text":130508},{"id":130738,"depth":108,"text":130739},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":131041,"depth":108,"text":131730},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":131732},[131733,131734,131735,131737,131739],{"id":131162,"depth":115,"text":131163},{"id":131279,"depth":115,"text":131280},{"id":131391,"depth":115,"text":131736},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131521,"depth":115,"text":131738},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131530,"depth":115,"text":131531},{"id":67713,"depth":108,"text":67714},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":131742},[131743,131745,131746,131748],{"id":131647,"depth":115,"text":131744},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131655,"depth":115,"text":131656},{"id":131665,"depth":115,"text":131747},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131678,"depth":115,"text":131749},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129824,"description":131751},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131758,"title":131759,"body":131760,"description":133240,"extension":1981,"meta":133241,"navigation":111,"path":133242,"seo":133243,"stem":133244,"__hash__":133245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131761,"toc":133212},[131762,131767,131772,131777,131779,131841,131848,131854,131859,131861,131877,131879,131950,131952,131966,131969,132019,132021,132023,132050,132053,132068,132071,132112,132115,132160,132167,132216,132218,132226,132228,132246,132248,132341,132349,132390,132395,132402,132408,132415,132418,132422,132523,132525,132547,132551,132604,132607,132610,132616,132623,132625,132664,132666,132684,132694,132701,132784,132787,132794,132801,132808,132812,132820,132866,132870,132879,132944,132949,132954,132965,132967,132972,132999,133001,133104,133107,133127,133129,133134,133137,133141,133145,133152,133161,133167,133170,133176,133178,133180,133209],[10,131763,123174,131765,18],{"id":131764},"python-string-index-method",[15,131766,58785],{},[20,131768,123179,131769,131771],{},[15,131770,58785],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131773,131774,131775,129],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131776,40514],{},[219,131778,2022],{"id":2021},[41,131780,131782],{"className":43,"code":131781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131783,131784,131796,131818,131828,131832,131836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131785,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131787,34492],{"class":56},[50,131789,61],{"class":60},[50,131791,81],{"class":68},[50,131793,60224],{"class":72},[50,131795,3384],{"class":68},[50,131797,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131799,64738],{"class":56},[50,131801,61],{"class":60},[50,131803,42653],{"class":56},[50,131805,129],{"class":64},[50,131807,35652],{"class":125},[50,131809,122],{"class":64},[50,131811,69],{"class":68},[50,131813,60409],{"class":72},[50,131815,69],{"class":68},[50,131817,414],{"class":64},[50,131819,131820,131822,131824,131826],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131821,119],{"class":118},[50,131823,122],{"class":64},[50,131825,64765],{"class":125},[50,131827,414],{"class":64},[50,131829,131830],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,131831,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,131833,131834],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,131835,90643],{"class":146},[50,131837,131838],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,131839,131840],{"class":146},"# 6\n",[20,131842,212,131843,131845,131846,129],{},[15,131844,58785],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131847,40514],{},[219,131849,222,131851,225],{"id":131850},"what-strindex-does",[15,131852,131853],{},"str.index()",[20,131855,131856,131858],{},[15,131857,131853],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131860,13060],{},[233,131862,131863,131866,131869,131872],{},[236,131864,131865],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[236,131867,131868],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[236,131870,131871],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[236,131873,30095,131874,131876],{},[15,131875,40514],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131878,253],{},[41,131880,131882],{"className":43,"code":131881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131883,131884,131896,131900,131925],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131885,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131887,34492],{"class":56},[50,131889,61],{"class":60},[50,131891,81],{"class":68},[50,131893,4111],{"class":72},[50,131895,3384],{"class":68},[50,131897,131898],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131899,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,131901,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131903,119],{"class":118},[50,131905,122],{"class":64},[50,131907,34513],{"class":125},[50,131909,129],{"class":64},[50,131911,35652],{"class":125},[50,131913,122],{"class":64},[50,131915,69],{"class":68},[50,131917,380],{"class":72},[50,131919,69],{"class":68},[50,131921,143],{"class":64},[50,131923,131924],{"class":146},"     # 1\n",[50,131926,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,131928,119],{"class":118},[50,131930,122],{"class":64},[50,131932,34513],{"class":125},[50,131934,129],{"class":64},[50,131936,35652],{"class":125},[50,131938,122],{"class":64},[50,131940,69],{"class":68},[50,131942,123267],{"class":72},[50,131944,69],{"class":68},[50,131946,143],{"class":64},[50,131948,131949],{"class":146},"    # 2\n",[20,131951,2199],{},[233,131953,131954,131960],{},[236,131955,131956,128387,131958],{},[15,131957,18089],{},[15,131959,3011],{},[236,131961,131962,128387,131964],{},[15,131963,128386],{},[15,131965,2076],{},[20,131967,131968],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[41,131970,131972],{"className":43,"code":131971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131973,131974,131986,131990,132014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131975,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131977,34492],{"class":56},[50,131979,61],{"class":60},[50,131981,81],{"class":68},[50,131983,34672],{"class":72},[50,131985,3384],{"class":68},[50,131987,131988],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131989,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,131991,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004,132006,132008,132010,132012],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131993,119],{"class":118},[50,131995,122],{"class":64},[50,131997,34513],{"class":125},[50,131999,129],{"class":64},[50,132001,35652],{"class":125},[50,132003,122],{"class":64},[50,132005,69],{"class":68},[50,132007,51006],{"class":72},[50,132009,69],{"class":68},[50,132011,143],{"class":64},[50,132013,1209],{"class":146},[50,132015,132016],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,132017,132018],{"class":146},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[219,132020,387],{"id":386},[20,132022,2180],{},[41,132024,132026],{"className":43,"code":132025,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132027,132028],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132029,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132031,60992],{"class":56},[50,132033,129],{"class":64},[50,132035,35652],{"class":125},[50,132037,122],{"class":64},[50,132039,2495],{"class":125},[50,132041,89],{"class":64},[50,132043,35858],{"class":125},[50,132045,89],{"class":64},[50,132047,64859],{"class":125},[50,132049,414],{"class":64},[20,132051,132052],{},"Parameters:",[233,132054,132055,132059,132063],{},[236,132056,132057,123366],{},[15,132058,2495],{},[236,132060,132061,128433],{},[15,132062,35879],{},[236,132064,132065,132067],{},[15,132066,52476],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132069,132070],{},"You can use just the value:",[41,132072,132074],{"className":43,"code":132073,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132075,132076,132088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132077,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132079,34492],{"class":56},[50,132081,61],{"class":60},[50,132083,81],{"class":68},[50,132085,45],{"class":72},[50,132087,3384],{"class":68},[50,132089,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132091,119],{"class":118},[50,132093,122],{"class":64},[50,132095,34513],{"class":125},[50,132097,129],{"class":64},[50,132099,35652],{"class":125},[50,132101,122],{"class":64},[50,132103,69],{"class":68},[50,132105,63105],{"class":72},[50,132107,69],{"class":68},[50,132109,143],{"class":64},[50,132111,51230],{"class":146},[20,132113,132114],{},"Or include a start position:",[41,132116,132118],{"className":43,"code":132117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132119,132120,132132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132121,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132123,34492],{"class":56},[50,132125,61],{"class":60},[50,132127,81],{"class":68},[50,132129,4111],{"class":72},[50,132131,3384],{"class":68},[50,132133,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132135,119],{"class":118},[50,132137,122],{"class":64},[50,132139,34513],{"class":125},[50,132141,129],{"class":64},[50,132143,35652],{"class":125},[50,132145,122],{"class":64},[50,132147,69],{"class":68},[50,132149,380],{"class":72},[50,132151,69],{"class":68},[50,132153,89],{"class":64},[50,132155,3016],{"class":101},[50,132157,143],{"class":64},[50,132159,50585],{"class":146},[20,132161,132162,132163,1846,132165,78],{},"Or include both ",[15,132164,35879],{},[15,132166,52476],{},[41,132168,132170],{"className":43,"code":132169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132171,132172,132184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132173,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132175,34492],{"class":56},[50,132177,61],{"class":60},[50,132179,81],{"class":68},[50,132181,4111],{"class":72},[50,132183,3384],{"class":68},[50,132185,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132187,119],{"class":118},[50,132189,122],{"class":64},[50,132191,34513],{"class":125},[50,132193,129],{"class":64},[50,132195,35652],{"class":125},[50,132197,122],{"class":64},[50,132199,69],{"class":68},[50,132201,380],{"class":72},[50,132203,69],{"class":68},[50,132205,89],{"class":64},[50,132207,3016],{"class":101},[50,132209,89],{"class":64},[50,132211,4629],{"class":101},[50,132213,143],{"class":64},[50,132215,50585],{"class":146},[219,132217,37829],{"id":37828},[20,132219,28509,132220,132222,132223,129],{},[15,132221,58785],{}," is a ",[997,132224,132225],{},"zero-based index",[20,132227,2128],{},[233,132229,132230,132236,132241],{},[236,132231,132232,132233,132235],{},"Index ",[15,132234,1215],{}," is the first character",[236,132237,132232,132238,132240],{},[15,132239,3011],{}," is the second character",[236,132242,132232,132243,132245],{},[15,132244,2076],{}," is the third character",[20,132247,253],{},[41,132249,132251],{"className":43,"code":132250,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132252,132253,132265,132269,132293,132317],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132254,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132256,34492],{"class":56},[50,132258,61],{"class":60},[50,132260,81],{"class":68},[50,132262,36855],{"class":72},[50,132264,3384],{"class":68},[50,132266,132267],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132268,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132270,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132272,119],{"class":118},[50,132274,122],{"class":64},[50,132276,34513],{"class":125},[50,132278,129],{"class":64},[50,132280,35652],{"class":125},[50,132282,122],{"class":64},[50,132284,69],{"class":68},[50,132286,9763],{"class":72},[50,132288,69],{"class":68},[50,132290,143],{"class":64},[50,132292,51062],{"class":146},[50,132294,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,132296,119],{"class":118},[50,132298,122],{"class":64},[50,132300,34513],{"class":125},[50,132302,129],{"class":64},[50,132304,35652],{"class":125},[50,132306,122],{"class":64},[50,132308,69],{"class":68},[50,132310,380],{"class":72},[50,132312,69],{"class":68},[50,132314,143],{"class":64},[50,132316,27580],{"class":146},[50,132318,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,132320,119],{"class":118},[50,132322,122],{"class":64},[50,132324,34513],{"class":125},[50,132326,129],{"class":64},[50,132328,35652],{"class":125},[50,132330,122],{"class":64},[50,132332,69],{"class":68},[50,132334,63105],{"class":72},[50,132336,69],{"class":68},[50,132338,143],{"class":64},[50,132340,51230],{"class":146},[20,132342,132343,132345,132346,132348],{},[15,132344,58785],{}," returns only the ",[997,132347,29710],{}," matching position.",[41,132350,132352],{"className":43,"code":132351,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132353,132354,132366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132355,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132357,34492],{"class":56},[50,132359,61],{"class":60},[50,132361,81],{"class":68},[50,132363,4111],{"class":72},[50,132365,3384],{"class":68},[50,132367,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132369,119],{"class":118},[50,132371,122],{"class":64},[50,132373,34513],{"class":125},[50,132375,129],{"class":64},[50,132377,35652],{"class":125},[50,132379,122],{"class":64},[50,132381,69],{"class":68},[50,132383,380],{"class":72},[50,132385,69],{"class":68},[50,132387,143],{"class":64},[50,132389,27580],{"class":146},[20,132391,1423,132392,132394],{},[15,132393,18089],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132396,132397,132398,129],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[380,132399,132400,1845],{"href":124624},[15,132401,58407],{},[219,132403,8444,132404,1846,132406],{"id":65225},[15,132405,35879],{},[15,132407,52476],{},[20,132409,228,132410,1846,132412,132414],{},[15,132411,35879],{},[15,132413,52476],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132416,132417],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132419,45853,132420,78],{},[15,132421,35879],{},[41,132423,132425],{"className":43,"code":132424,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132426,132427,132439,132443,132467,132495],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132428,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132430,34492],{"class":56},[50,132432,61],{"class":60},[50,132434,81],{"class":68},[50,132436,4111],{"class":72},[50,132438,3384],{"class":68},[50,132440,132441],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132442,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132444,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132446,119],{"class":118},[50,132448,122],{"class":64},[50,132450,34513],{"class":125},[50,132452,129],{"class":64},[50,132454,35652],{"class":125},[50,132456,122],{"class":64},[50,132458,69],{"class":68},[50,132460,380],{"class":72},[50,132462,69],{"class":68},[50,132464,143],{"class":64},[50,132466,50935],{"class":146},[50,132468,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,132470,119],{"class":118},[50,132472,122],{"class":64},[50,132474,34513],{"class":125},[50,132476,129],{"class":64},[50,132478,35652],{"class":125},[50,132480,122],{"class":64},[50,132482,69],{"class":68},[50,132484,380],{"class":72},[50,132486,69],{"class":68},[50,132488,89],{"class":64},[50,132490,3016],{"class":101},[50,132492,143],{"class":64},[50,132494,50784],{"class":146},[50,132496,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,132498,119],{"class":118},[50,132500,122],{"class":64},[50,132502,34513],{"class":125},[50,132504,129],{"class":64},[50,132506,35652],{"class":125},[50,132508,122],{"class":64},[50,132510,69],{"class":68},[50,132512,380],{"class":72},[50,132514,69],{"class":68},[50,132516,89],{"class":64},[50,132518,2479],{"class":101},[50,132520,143],{"class":64},[50,132522,50568],{"class":146},[20,132524,357],{},[233,132526,132527,132534,132540],{},[236,132528,132529,132530,65415,132532],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132531,18089],{},[15,132533,3011],{},[236,132535,132536,132537,132539],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132538,2076],{}," skips that first match",[236,132541,132536,132542,132544,132545],{},[15,132543,2527],{}," finds the last ",[15,132546,18089],{},[20,132548,45853,132549,78],{},[15,132550,52476],{},[41,132552,132554],{"className":43,"code":132553,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132555,132556,132568,132572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132557,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132559,34492],{"class":56},[50,132561,61],{"class":60},[50,132563,81],{"class":68},[50,132565,4111],{"class":72},[50,132567,3384],{"class":68},[50,132569,132570],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132571,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132573,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132575,119],{"class":118},[50,132577,122],{"class":64},[50,132579,34513],{"class":125},[50,132581,129],{"class":64},[50,132583,35652],{"class":125},[50,132585,122],{"class":64},[50,132587,69],{"class":68},[50,132589,75849],{"class":72},[50,132591,69],{"class":68},[50,132593,89],{"class":64},[50,132595,1192],{"class":101},[50,132597,89],{"class":64},[50,132599,2479],{"class":101},[50,132601,143],{"class":64},[50,132603,51230],{"class":146},[20,132605,132606],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132608,132609],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[219,132611,44025,132613,132615],{"id":132612},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132614,58785],{}," causes an error",[20,132617,132618,132619,52310,132621,129],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132620,58785],{},[15,132622,40514],{},[20,132624,253],{},[41,132626,132628],{"className":43,"code":132627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132629,132630,132642],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132631,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132633,34492],{"class":56},[50,132635,61],{"class":60},[50,132637,81],{"class":68},[50,132639,3870],{"class":72},[50,132641,3384],{"class":68},[50,132643,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132645,119],{"class":118},[50,132647,122],{"class":64},[50,132649,34513],{"class":125},[50,132651,129],{"class":64},[50,132653,35652],{"class":125},[50,132655,122],{"class":64},[50,132657,69],{"class":68},[50,132659,21875],{"class":72},[50,132661,69],{"class":68},[50,132663,1770],{"class":64},[20,132665,2091],{},[41,132667,132669],{"className":43,"code":132668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132670,132671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132672,132673,132675,132677,132680,132682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132674,40514],{"class":1779},[50,132676,78],{"class":64},[50,132678,132679],{"class":56}," substring ",[50,132681,1262],{"class":60},[50,132683,65648],{"class":56},[20,132685,53157,132686,126140,132691,132693],{},[380,132687,132688],{"href":129818},[15,132689,132690],{},"str.find()",[15,132692,65673],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132695,132696,132697,1846,132699,78],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132698,29605],{},[15,132700,29636],{},[41,132702,132704],{"className":43,"code":132703,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132705,132706,132718,132722,132728,132751,132761,132769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132707,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132709,34492],{"class":56},[50,132711,61],{"class":60},[50,132713,81],{"class":68},[50,132715,3870],{"class":72},[50,132717,3384],{"class":68},[50,132719,132720],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132721,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132723,132724,132726],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132725,29605],{"class":1622},[50,132727,6417],{"class":64},[50,132729,132730,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,132731,132732],{"class":56},"    position ",[50,132734,61],{"class":60},[50,132736,42653],{"class":56},[50,132738,129],{"class":64},[50,132740,35652],{"class":125},[50,132742,122],{"class":64},[50,132744,69],{"class":68},[50,132746,21875],{"class":72},[50,132748,69],{"class":68},[50,132750,414],{"class":64},[50,132752,132753,132755,132757,132759],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,132754,8094],{"class":118},[50,132756,122],{"class":64},[50,132758,64765],{"class":125},[50,132760,414],{"class":64},[50,132762,132763,132765,132767],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,132764,29636],{"class":1622},[50,132766,41737],{"class":1779},[50,132768,6417],{"class":64},[50,132770,132771,132773,132775,132777,132780,132782],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,132772,8094],{"class":118},[50,132774,122],{"class":64},[50,132776,69],{"class":68},[50,132778,132779],{"class":72},"Substring not found",[50,132781,69],{"class":68},[50,132783,414],{"class":64},[20,132785,132786],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132788,41757,132789,129],{},[380,132790,25479,132792],{"href":132791},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132793,129145],{},[219,132795,132797,10608,132799],{"id":132796},"index-vs-find",[15,132798,58785],{},[15,132800,124169],{},[20,132802,132803,1846,132805,132807],{},[15,132804,58785],{},[15,132806,124169],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[811,132809,132810],{"id":35652},[15,132811,58785],{},[233,132813,132814,132817],{},[236,132815,132816],{},"Returns the first match position",[236,132818,132819],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[41,132821,132823],{"className":43,"code":132822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132824,132825,132837,132861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132826,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132828,34492],{"class":56},[50,132830,61],{"class":60},[50,132832,81],{"class":68},[50,132834,3870],{"class":72},[50,132836,3384],{"class":68},[50,132838,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132840,119],{"class":118},[50,132842,122],{"class":64},[50,132844,34513],{"class":125},[50,132846,129],{"class":64},[50,132848,35652],{"class":125},[50,132850,122],{"class":64},[50,132852,69],{"class":68},[50,132854,60265],{"class":72},[50,132856,69],{"class":68},[50,132858,143],{"class":64},[50,132860,27580],{"class":146},[50,132862,132863],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132864,132865],{"class":146},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[811,132867,132868],{"id":128199},[15,132869,124169],{},[233,132871,132872,132874],{},[236,132873,132816],{},[236,132875,241,132876,132878],{},[15,132877,65673],{}," if nothing is found",[41,132880,132882],{"className":43,"code":132881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132883,132884,132896,132920],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132885,132886,132888,132890,132892,132894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132887,34492],{"class":56},[50,132889,61],{"class":60},[50,132891,81],{"class":68},[50,132893,3870],{"class":72},[50,132895,3384],{"class":68},[50,132897,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132899,119],{"class":118},[50,132901,122],{"class":64},[50,132903,34513],{"class":125},[50,132905,129],{"class":64},[50,132907,128199],{"class":125},[50,132909,122],{"class":64},[50,132911,69],{"class":68},[50,132913,60265],{"class":72},[50,132915,69],{"class":68},[50,132917,143],{"class":64},[50,132919,27580],{"class":146},[50,132921,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132923,119],{"class":118},[50,132925,122],{"class":64},[50,132927,34513],{"class":125},[50,132929,129],{"class":64},[50,132931,128199],{"class":125},[50,132933,122],{"class":64},[50,132935,69],{"class":68},[50,132937,21875],{"class":72},[50,132939,69],{"class":68},[50,132941,143],{"class":64},[50,132943,128555],{"class":146},[20,132945,212,132946,132948],{},[15,132947,58785],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132950,212,132951,132953],{},[15,132952,124169],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132955,132956,132957,2901,132962,129],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[380,132958,132959,132961],{"href":129818},[15,132960,132690],{}," method reference",[380,132963,127210],{"href":132964},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[219,132966,1663],{"id":1662},[20,132968,132969,132970,78],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132971,58785],{},[233,132973,132974,132977,132984,132989,132994],{},[236,132975,132976],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[236,132978,8480,132979,8483,132981,132983],{},[15,132980,58785],{},[15,132982,65673],{}," when no match exists",[236,132985,8444,132986,132988],{},[15,132987,58785],{}," on a value that may not be present",[236,132990,132991,132992],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132993,3011],{},[236,132995,1686,132996,132998],{},[15,132997,58785],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133000,62113],{},[41,133002,133004],{"className":43,"code":133003,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133005,133006,133016,133030,133052,133074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133007,133008,133010,133012,133014],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133009,119],{"class":118},[50,133011,122],{"class":64},[50,133013,34513],{"class":125},[50,133015,414],{"class":64},[50,133017,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133019,119],{"class":118},[50,133021,122],{"class":64},[50,133023,41590],{"class":118},[50,133025,122],{"class":64},[50,133027,34513],{"class":125},[50,133029,1770],{"class":64},[50,133031,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048,133050],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133033,119],{"class":118},[50,133035,122],{"class":64},[50,133037,34513],{"class":125},[50,133039,129],{"class":64},[50,133041,35652],{"class":125},[50,133043,122],{"class":64},[50,133045,69],{"class":68},[50,133047,2495],{"class":72},[50,133049,69],{"class":68},[50,133051,1770],{"class":64},[50,133053,133054,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070,133072],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,133055,119],{"class":118},[50,133057,122],{"class":64},[50,133059,34513],{"class":125},[50,133061,129],{"class":64},[50,133063,128199],{"class":125},[50,133065,122],{"class":64},[50,133067,69],{"class":68},[50,133069,2495],{"class":72},[50,133071,69],{"class":68},[50,133073,1770],{"class":64},[50,133075,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,133077,119],{"class":118},[50,133079,122],{"class":64},[50,133081,34513],{"class":125},[50,133083,129],{"class":64},[50,133085,35652],{"class":125},[50,133087,122],{"class":64},[50,133089,69],{"class":68},[50,133091,2495],{"class":72},[50,133093,69],{"class":68},[50,133095,89],{"class":64},[50,133097,35858],{"class":125},[50,133099,89],{"class":64},[50,133101,64859],{"class":125},[50,133103,1770],{"class":64},[20,133105,133106],{},"Tips:",[233,133108,133109,133114,133119,133122],{},[236,133110,212,133111,133113],{},[15,133112,126096],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[236,133115,212,133116,133118],{},[15,133117,124169],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[236,133120,133121],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[236,133123,133124,133125],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133126,1215],{},[219,133128,1857],{"id":1856},[811,133130,129678,133132,12726],{"id":133131},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133133,58785],{},[20,133135,133136],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[811,133138,133140],{"id":133139},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133142,76677,133143,129],{},[15,133144,40514],{},[811,133146,5202,133148,1846,133150,1867],{"id":133147},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133149,58785],{},[15,133151,124169],{},[20,133153,133154,133156,133157,35,133159,6656],{},[15,133155,58785],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133158,124169],{},[15,133160,65673],{},[811,133162,5192,133164,133166],{"id":133163},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133165,58785],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133168,133169],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[811,133171,133173,133174,124510],{"id":133172},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133175,58785],{},[20,133177,129703],{},[219,133179,1909],{"id":1908},[233,133181,133182,133188,133192,133197,133203],{},[236,133183,133184],{},[380,133185,133186,1845],{"href":129818},[15,133187,132690],{},[236,133189,133190],{},[380,133191,124573],{"href":132964},[236,133193,133194],{},[380,133195,129779],{"href":133196},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[236,133198,133199],{},[380,133200,133201,1845],{"href":124624},[15,133202,58407],{},[236,133204,133205],{},[380,133206,30149,133207],{"href":132791},[15,133208,129145],{},[1944,133210,133211],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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index() causes an error",{"id":132796,"depth":108,"text":133223,"children":133224},"index() vs find()",[133225,133226],{"id":35652,"depth":115,"text":58785},{"id":128199,"depth":115,"text":124169},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":133229},[133230,133232,133233,133235,133237],{"id":133131,"depth":115,"text":133231},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133139,"depth":115,"text":133140},{"id":133147,"depth":115,"text":133234},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133163,"depth":115,"text":133236},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133172,"depth":115,"text":133238},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131759,"description":133240},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133247,"title":133248,"body":133249,"description":136024,"extension":1981,"meta":136025,"navigation":111,"path":136026,"seo":136027,"stem":136028,"__hash__":136029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133250,"toc":135960},[133251,133257,133262,133265,133268,133279,133281,133350,133352,133366,133371,133376,133381,133383,133426,133428,133511,133513,133559,133565,133567,133569,133589,133591,133614,133616,133690,133692,133711,133716,133718,133722,133794,133796,133810,133814,133890,133892,133911,133915,134009,134011,134020,134027,134103,134105,134123,134127,134130,134137,134186,134188,134197,134204,134263,134265,134283,134286,134293,134352,134354,134372,134379,134436,134438,134447,134451,134456,134460,134519,134521,134539,134543,134590,134595,134598,134667,134669,134686,134693,134699,134754,134759,134762,134839,134841,134859,134865,134871,134931,134933,134952,134958,134961,134968,135021,135026,135028,135089,135098,135105,135107,135164,135169,135171,135242,135246,135301,135303,135312,135317,135323,135392,135394,135426,135432,135440,135447,135453,135518,135520,135529,135535,135616,135618,135627,135632,135646,135653,135657,135662,135690,135692,135825,135828,135865,135867,135873,135882,135887,135890,135895,135900,135906,135909,135918,135921,135923,135952,135957],[10,133252,123174,133254,18],{"id":133253},"python-string-join-method",[15,133255,133256],{},"join()",[20,133258,123179,133259,133261],{},[15,133260,133256],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133263,133264],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133266,133267],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[233,133269,133270,133276],{},[236,133271,133272,133273,133275],{},"You call ",[15,133274,133256],{}," on the separator string",[236,133277,133278],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[219,133280,3637],{"id":3636},[41,133282,133284],{"className":43,"code":133283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133285,133286,133319,133340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133287,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312,133315,133317],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133289,4093],{"class":56},[50,133291,61],{"class":60},[50,133293,3652],{"class":64},[50,133295,69],{"class":68},[50,133297,7322],{"class":72},[50,133299,69],{"class":68},[50,133301,89],{"class":64},[50,133303,81],{"class":68},[50,133305,12207],{"class":72},[50,133307,69],{"class":68},[50,133309,89],{"class":64},[50,133311,81],{"class":68},[50,133313,133314],{"class":72},"fun",[50,133316,69],{"class":68},[50,133318,788],{"class":64},[50,133320,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133334,133336,133338],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133322,2250],{"class":56},[50,133324,61],{"class":60},[50,133326,81],{"class":68},[50,133328,81],{"class":68},[50,133330,129],{"class":64},[50,133332,133333],{"class":125},"join",[50,133335,122],{"class":64},[50,133337,4137],{"class":125},[50,133339,414],{"class":64},[50,133341,133342,133344,133346,133348],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133343,119],{"class":118},[50,133345,122],{"class":64},[50,133347,2285],{"class":125},[50,133349,414],{"class":64},[20,133351,2091],{},[41,133353,133355],{"className":43,"code":133354,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python is fun\n",[15,133356,133357],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133358,133359,133361,133363],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133360,3603],{"class":56},[50,133362,12207],{"class":60},[50,133364,133365],{"class":56}," fun\n",[20,133367,212,133368,133370],{},[15,133369,133256],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[219,133372,222,133374,225],{"id":133373},"what-join-does",[15,133375,133256],{},[20,133377,133378,133380],{},[15,133379,133256],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133382,11473],{},[233,133384,133385,133392,133420,133423],{},[236,133386,133387,133388,133391],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133389,133390],{},".join()"," as the separator",[236,133393,133394,133395],{},"Common separators are:\n",[233,133396,133397,133403,133409,133415],{},[236,133398,133399,133402],{},[15,133400,133401],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[236,133404,133405,133408],{},[15,133406,133407],{},"\", \""," for commas",[236,133410,133411,133414],{},[15,133412,133413],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[236,133416,133417,133419],{},[15,133418,6296],{}," for no separator",[236,133421,133422],{},"It returns a new string",[236,133424,133425],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133427,253],{},[41,133429,133431],{"className":43,"code":133430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133432,133433,133465,133487,133491,133501],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133434,133435,133437,133439,133441,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133436,4093],{"class":56},[50,133438,61],{"class":60},[50,133440,3652],{"class":64},[50,133442,69],{"class":68},[50,133444,13101],{"class":72},[50,133446,69],{"class":68},[50,133448,89],{"class":64},[50,133450,81],{"class":68},[50,133452,17448],{"class":72},[50,133454,69],{"class":68},[50,133456,89],{"class":64},[50,133458,81],{"class":68},[50,133460,13118],{"class":72},[50,133462,69],{"class":68},[50,133464,788],{"class":64},[50,133466,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133468,2250],{"class":56},[50,133470,61],{"class":60},[50,133472,81],{"class":68},[50,133474,32],{"class":72},[50,133476,69],{"class":68},[50,133478,129],{"class":64},[50,133480,133333],{"class":125},[50,133482,122],{"class":64},[50,133484,4137],{"class":125},[50,133486,414],{"class":64},[50,133488,133489],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133490,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133492,133493,133495,133497,133499],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,133494,119],{"class":118},[50,133496,122],{"class":64},[50,133498,2285],{"class":125},[50,133500,414],{"class":64},[50,133502,133503,133505,133507,133509],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,133504,119],{"class":118},[50,133506,122],{"class":64},[50,133508,4137],{"class":125},[50,133510,414],{"class":64},[20,133512,2091],{},[41,133514,133516],{"className":43,"code":133515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133517,133518,133531],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133519,133520,133522,133524,133527,133529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133521,13101],{"class":56},[50,133523,89],{"class":64},[50,133525,133526],{"class":56}," green",[50,133528,89],{"class":64},[50,133530,35687],{"class":56},[50,133532,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133534,779],{"class":64},[50,133536,1736],{"class":68},[50,133538,13101],{"class":72},[50,133540,1736],{"class":68},[50,133542,89],{"class":64},[50,133544,3321],{"class":68},[50,133546,17448],{"class":72},[50,133548,1736],{"class":68},[50,133550,89],{"class":64},[50,133552,3321],{"class":68},[50,133554,13118],{"class":72},[50,133556,1736],{"class":68},[50,133558,788],{"class":64},[20,133560,133561,133562,133564],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133563,133256],{}," creates a new string.",[219,133566,387],{"id":386},[20,133568,7243],{},[41,133570,133572],{"className":43,"code":133571,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133573,133574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133575,133576,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133577,133578],{"class":56},"separator",[50,133580,129],{"class":64},[50,133582,133333],{"class":125},[50,133584,122],{"class":64},[50,133586,3748],{"class":125},[50,133588,414],{"class":64},[811,133590,48824],{"id":48823},[233,133592,133593,133606,133611],{},[236,133594,133595,133597,133598,32,133600,32,133602,2213,133604],{},[15,133596,133578],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133599,133401],{},[15,133601,133407],{},[15,133603,133413],{},[15,133605,6296],{},[236,133607,133608,133610],{},[15,133609,3748],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[236,133612,133613],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133615,253],{},[41,133617,133619],{"className":43,"code":133618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133620,133621,133653,133676,133680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133622,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133624,5018],{"class":56},[50,133626,61],{"class":60},[50,133628,3652],{"class":64},[50,133630,69],{"class":68},[50,133632,84],{"class":72},[50,133634,69],{"class":68},[50,133636,89],{"class":64},[50,133638,81],{"class":68},[50,133640,35747],{"class":72},[50,133642,69],{"class":68},[50,133644,89],{"class":64},[50,133646,81],{"class":68},[50,133648,35756],{"class":72},[50,133650,69],{"class":68},[50,133652,788],{"class":64},[50,133654,133655,133657,133659,133661,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133656,2250],{"class":56},[50,133658,61],{"class":60},[50,133660,81],{"class":68},[50,133662,133663],{"class":72}," | ",[50,133665,69],{"class":68},[50,133667,129],{"class":64},[50,133669,133333],{"class":125},[50,133671,122],{"class":64},[50,133673,5062],{"class":125},[50,133675,414],{"class":64},[50,133677,133678],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133679,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133681,133682,133684,133686,133688],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,133683,119],{"class":118},[50,133685,122],{"class":64},[50,133687,2285],{"class":125},[50,133689,414],{"class":64},[20,133691,2091],{},[41,133693,133695],{"className":43,"code":133694,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133696,133697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133698,133699,133702,133704,133707,133709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133700,133701],{"class":56},"Ana ",[50,133703,113681],{"class":60},[50,133705,133706],{"class":56}," Ben ",[50,133708,113681],{"class":60},[50,133710,35828],{"class":56},[20,133712,133713,133714,129],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[380,133715,124929],{"href":50790},[219,133717,121705],{"id":121704},[811,133719,133721],{"id":133720},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[41,133723,133725],{"className":43,"code":133724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133726,133727,133760,133780,133784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133728,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133756,133758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133730,4093],{"class":56},[50,133732,61],{"class":60},[50,133734,3652],{"class":64},[50,133736,69],{"class":68},[50,133738,7322],{"class":72},[50,133740,69],{"class":68},[50,133742,89],{"class":64},[50,133744,81],{"class":68},[50,133746,12207],{"class":72},[50,133748,69],{"class":68},[50,133750,89],{"class":64},[50,133752,81],{"class":68},[50,133754,133755],{"class":72},"easy",[50,133757,69],{"class":68},[50,133759,788],{"class":64},[50,133761,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133763,2250],{"class":56},[50,133765,61],{"class":60},[50,133767,81],{"class":68},[50,133769,81],{"class":68},[50,133771,129],{"class":64},[50,133773,133333],{"class":125},[50,133775,122],{"class":64},[50,133777,4137],{"class":125},[50,133779,414],{"class":64},[50,133781,133782],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133783,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133785,133786,133788,133790,133792],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,133787,119],{"class":118},[50,133789,122],{"class":64},[50,133791,2285],{"class":125},[50,133793,414],{"class":64},[20,133795,2091],{},[41,133797,133799],{"className":43,"code":133798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python is easy\n",[15,133800,133801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133802,133803,133805,133807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133804,3603],{"class":56},[50,133806,12207],{"class":60},[50,133808,133809],{"class":56}," easy\n",[811,133811,133813],{"id":133812},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[41,133815,133817],{"className":43,"code":133816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133818,133819,133854,133876,133880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133820,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133832,133834,133836,133838,133841,133843,133845,133847,133850,133852],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133822,7805],{"class":56},[50,133824,61],{"class":60},[50,133826,3652],{"class":64},[50,133828,69],{"class":68},[50,133830,133831],{"class":72},"apples",[50,133833,69],{"class":68},[50,133835,89],{"class":64},[50,133837,81],{"class":68},[50,133839,133840],{"class":72},"bananas",[50,133842,69],{"class":68},[50,133844,89],{"class":64},[50,133846,81],{"class":68},[50,133848,133849],{"class":72},"oranges",[50,133851,69],{"class":68},[50,133853,788],{"class":64},[50,133855,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133857,2250],{"class":56},[50,133859,61],{"class":60},[50,133861,81],{"class":68},[50,133863,32],{"class":72},[50,133865,69],{"class":68},[50,133867,129],{"class":64},[50,133869,133333],{"class":125},[50,133871,122],{"class":64},[50,133873,7836],{"class":125},[50,133875,414],{"class":64},[50,133877,133878],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133879,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133881,133882,133884,133886,133888],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,133883,119],{"class":118},[50,133885,122],{"class":64},[50,133887,2285],{"class":125},[50,133889,414],{"class":64},[20,133891,2091],{},[41,133893,133895],{"className":43,"code":133894,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133896,133897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133898,133899,133901,133903,133906,133908],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133900,133831],{"class":56},[50,133902,89],{"class":64},[50,133904,133905],{"class":56}," bananas",[50,133907,89],{"class":64},[50,133909,133910],{"class":56}," oranges\n",[811,133912,133914],{"id":133913},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[41,133916,133918],{"className":43,"code":133917,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133919,133920,133977,133995,133999],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133921,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133923,35897],{"class":56},[50,133925,61],{"class":60},[50,133927,3652],{"class":64},[50,133929,69],{"class":68},[50,133931,133932],{"class":72},"P",[50,133934,69],{"class":68},[50,133936,89],{"class":64},[50,133938,81],{"class":68},[50,133940,11759],{"class":72},[50,133942,69],{"class":68},[50,133944,89],{"class":64},[50,133946,81],{"class":68},[50,133948,63105],{"class":72},[50,133950,69],{"class":68},[50,133952,89],{"class":64},[50,133954,81],{"class":68},[50,133956,60256],{"class":72},[50,133958,69],{"class":68},[50,133960,89],{"class":64},[50,133962,81],{"class":68},[50,133964,60291],{"class":72},[50,133966,69],{"class":68},[50,133968,89],{"class":64},[50,133970,81],{"class":68},[50,133972,75849],{"class":72},[50,133974,69],{"class":68},[50,133976,788],{"class":64},[50,133978,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133980,2250],{"class":56},[50,133982,61],{"class":60},[50,133984,6150],{"class":68},[50,133986,129],{"class":64},[50,133988,133333],{"class":125},[50,133990,122],{"class":64},[50,133992,35950],{"class":125},[50,133994,414],{"class":64},[50,133996,133997],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133998,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134000,134001,134003,134005,134007],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,134002,119],{"class":118},[50,134004,122],{"class":64},[50,134006,2285],{"class":125},[50,134008,414],{"class":64},[20,134010,2091],{},[41,134012,134014],{"className":43,"code":134013,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python\n",[15,134015,134016],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134017,134018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134019,134013],{"class":56},[811,134021,134023,134024,134026],{"id":134022},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134025,133256],{}," returns the result",[41,134028,134030],{"className":43,"code":134029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134031,134032,134065,134088,134092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134033,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134061,134063],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134035,4093],{"class":56},[50,134037,61],{"class":60},[50,134039,3652],{"class":64},[50,134041,69],{"class":68},[50,134043,6610],{"class":72},[50,134045,69],{"class":68},[50,134047,89],{"class":64},[50,134049,81],{"class":68},[50,134051,79090],{"class":72},[50,134053,69],{"class":68},[50,134055,89],{"class":64},[50,134057,81],{"class":68},[50,134059,134060],{"class":72},"three",[50,134062,69],{"class":68},[50,134064,788],{"class":64},[50,134066,134067,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134068,134069],{"class":56},"joined_text ",[50,134071,61],{"class":60},[50,134073,81],{"class":68},[50,134075,2041],{"class":72},[50,134077,69],{"class":68},[50,134079,129],{"class":64},[50,134081,133333],{"class":125},[50,134083,122],{"class":64},[50,134085,4137],{"class":125},[50,134087,414],{"class":64},[50,134089,134090],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,134091,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134093,134094,134096,134098,134101],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,134095,119],{"class":118},[50,134097,122],{"class":64},[50,134099,134100],{"class":125},"joined_text",[50,134102,414],{"class":64},[20,134104,2091],{},[41,134106,134108],{"className":43,"code":134107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"one-two-three\n",[15,134109,134110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134111,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134113,6610],{"class":56},[50,134115,2041],{"class":60},[50,134117,79090],{"class":56},[50,134119,2041],{"class":60},[50,134121,134122],{"class":56},"three\n",[219,134124,134126],{"id":134125},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134128,134129],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[811,134131,134133,134136],{"id":134132},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134134,134135],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[41,134138,134140],{"className":43,"code":134139,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134141,134142,134166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134143,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134145,4093],{"class":56},[50,134147,61],{"class":60},[50,134149,3652],{"class":64},[50,134151,69],{"class":68},[50,134153,3870],{"class":72},[50,134155,69],{"class":68},[50,134157,89],{"class":64},[50,134159,81],{"class":68},[50,134161,60409],{"class":72},[50,134163,69],{"class":68},[50,134165,788],{"class":64},[50,134167,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134169,119],{"class":118},[50,134171,122],{"class":64},[50,134173,69],{"class":68},[50,134175,81],{"class":68},[50,134177,129],{"class":64},[50,134179,133333],{"class":125},[50,134181,122],{"class":64},[50,134183,4137],{"class":125},[50,134185,1770],{"class":64},[20,134187,2091],{},[41,134189,134191],{"className":43,"code":134190,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\n",[15,134192,134193],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134194,134195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134196,134190],{"class":56},[811,134198,134200,134203],{"id":134199},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134201,134202],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[41,134205,134207],{"className":43,"code":134206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134208,134209,134241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134210,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134212,13084],{"class":56},[50,134214,61],{"class":60},[50,134216,3652],{"class":64},[50,134218,69],{"class":68},[50,134220,13101],{"class":72},[50,134222,69],{"class":68},[50,134224,89],{"class":64},[50,134226,81],{"class":68},[50,134228,13118],{"class":72},[50,134230,69],{"class":68},[50,134232,89],{"class":64},[50,134234,81],{"class":68},[50,134236,17448],{"class":72},[50,134238,69],{"class":68},[50,134240,788],{"class":64},[50,134242,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134244,119],{"class":118},[50,134246,122],{"class":64},[50,134248,69],{"class":68},[50,134250,32],{"class":72},[50,134252,69],{"class":68},[50,134254,129],{"class":64},[50,134256,133333],{"class":125},[50,134258,122],{"class":64},[50,134260,17495],{"class":125},[50,134262,1770],{"class":64},[20,134264,2091],{},[41,134266,134268],{"className":43,"code":134267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134269,134270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134271,134272,134274,134276,134279,134281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134273,13101],{"class":56},[50,134275,89],{"class":64},[50,134277,134278],{"class":56}," blue",[50,134280,89],{"class":64},[50,134282,35680],{"class":56},[20,134284,134285],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[811,134287,134289,134292],{"id":134288},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134290,134291],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[41,134294,134296],{"className":43,"code":134295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134297,134298,134330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134299,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134301,42648],{"class":56},[50,134303,61],{"class":60},[50,134305,3652],{"class":64},[50,134307,69],{"class":68},[50,134309,45],{"class":72},[50,134311,69],{"class":68},[50,134313,89],{"class":64},[50,134315,81],{"class":68},[50,134317,60992],{"class":72},[50,134319,69],{"class":68},[50,134321,89],{"class":64},[50,134323,81],{"class":68},[50,134325,133333],{"class":72},[50,134327,69],{"class":68},[50,134329,788],{"class":64},[50,134331,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134333,119],{"class":118},[50,134335,122],{"class":64},[50,134337,69],{"class":68},[50,134339,2041],{"class":72},[50,134341,69],{"class":68},[50,134343,129],{"class":64},[50,134345,133333],{"class":125},[50,134347,122],{"class":64},[50,134349,42680],{"class":125},[50,134351,1770],{"class":64},[20,134353,2091],{},[41,134355,134357],{"className":43,"code":134356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"python-string-join\n",[15,134358,134359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134360,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134362,45],{"class":56},[50,134364,2041],{"class":60},[50,134366,60992],{"class":56},[50,134368,2041],{"class":60},[50,134370,134371],{"class":56},"join\n",[811,134373,134375,134378],{"id":134374},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134376,134377],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[41,134380,134382],{"className":43,"code":134381,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134383,134384,134417],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134385,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134413,134415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134387,112753],{"class":56},[50,134389,61],{"class":60},[50,134391,3652],{"class":64},[50,134393,69],{"class":68},[50,134395,22043],{"class":72},[50,134397,69],{"class":68},[50,134399,89],{"class":64},[50,134401,81],{"class":68},[50,134403,30402],{"class":72},[50,134405,69],{"class":68},[50,134407,89],{"class":64},[50,134409,81],{"class":68},[50,134411,134412],{"class":72},"C",[50,134414,69],{"class":68},[50,134416,788],{"class":64},[50,134418,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134434],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134420,119],{"class":118},[50,134422,122],{"class":64},[50,134424,6296],{"class":68},[50,134426,129],{"class":64},[50,134428,133333],{"class":125},[50,134430,122],{"class":64},[50,134432,134433],{"class":125},"chars",[50,134435,1770],{"class":64},[20,134437,2091],{},[41,134439,134441],{"className":43,"code":134440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ABC\n",[15,134442,134443],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134444,134445],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134446,134440],{"class":34257},[219,134448,134450],{"id":134449},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134452,134453,134455],{},[15,134454,133256],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[811,134457,134459],{"id":134458},"this-works","This works",[41,134461,134463],{"className":43,"code":134462,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134464,134465,134497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134466,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134468,3848],{"class":56},[50,134470,61],{"class":60},[50,134472,3652],{"class":64},[50,134474,69],{"class":68},[50,134476,2352],{"class":72},[50,134478,69],{"class":68},[50,134480,89],{"class":64},[50,134482,81],{"class":68},[50,134484,15755],{"class":72},[50,134486,69],{"class":68},[50,134488,89],{"class":64},[50,134490,81],{"class":68},[50,134492,36649],{"class":72},[50,134494,69],{"class":68},[50,134496,788],{"class":64},[50,134498,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134500,119],{"class":118},[50,134502,122],{"class":64},[50,134504,69],{"class":68},[50,134506,32],{"class":72},[50,134508,69],{"class":68},[50,134510,129],{"class":64},[50,134512,133333],{"class":125},[50,134514,122],{"class":64},[50,134516,5382],{"class":125},[50,134518,1770],{"class":64},[20,134520,2091],{},[41,134522,134524],{"className":43,"code":134523,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134525,134526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134527,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134529,2352],{"class":101},[50,134531,89],{"class":64},[50,134533,7816],{"class":101},[50,134535,89],{"class":64},[50,134537,134538],{"class":101}," 30\n",[811,134540,134542],{"id":134541},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[41,134544,134546],{"className":43,"code":134545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134547,134548,134568],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134549,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134551,3848],{"class":56},[50,134553,61],{"class":60},[50,134555,3652],{"class":64},[50,134557,3011],{"class":101},[50,134559,89],{"class":64},[50,134561,3016],{"class":101},[50,134563,89],{"class":64},[50,134565,2473],{"class":101},[50,134567,788],{"class":64},[50,134569,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134571,119],{"class":118},[50,134573,122],{"class":64},[50,134575,69],{"class":68},[50,134577,32],{"class":72},[50,134579,69],{"class":68},[50,134581,129],{"class":64},[50,134583,133333],{"class":125},[50,134585,122],{"class":64},[50,134587,5382],{"class":125},[50,134589,1770],{"class":64},[20,134591,90130,134592,134594],{},[15,134593,3029],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134596,134597],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[41,134599,134601],{"className":43,"code":134600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134602,134603,134623,134653,134657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134604,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134606,3848],{"class":56},[50,134608,61],{"class":60},[50,134610,3652],{"class":64},[50,134612,3011],{"class":101},[50,134614,89],{"class":64},[50,134616,3016],{"class":101},[50,134618,89],{"class":64},[50,134620,2473],{"class":101},[50,134622,788],{"class":64},[50,134624,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134626,2250],{"class":56},[50,134628,61],{"class":60},[50,134630,81],{"class":68},[50,134632,32],{"class":72},[50,134634,69],{"class":68},[50,134636,129],{"class":64},[50,134638,133333],{"class":125},[50,134640,122],{"class":64},[50,134642,39669],{"class":118},[50,134644,122],{"class":64},[50,134646,3470],{"class":1779},[50,134648,89],{"class":64},[50,134650,3908],{"class":125},[50,134652,1770],{"class":64},[50,134654,134655],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,134656,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134658,134659,134661,134663,134665],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,134660,119],{"class":118},[50,134662,122],{"class":64},[50,134664,2285],{"class":125},[50,134666,414],{"class":64},[20,134668,2091],{},[41,134670,134672],{"className":43,"code":134671,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134673,134674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134675,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134677,3011],{"class":101},[50,134679,89],{"class":64},[50,134681,3016],{"class":101},[50,134683,89],{"class":64},[50,134685,2600],{"class":101},[20,134687,134688,134689,129],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[380,134690,3603,134691,3536],{"href":41986},[15,134692,47497],{},[811,134694,134696,134698],{"id":134695},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134697,38],{}," values do not work directly",[41,134700,134702],{"className":43,"code":134701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134703,134704,134732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134705,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134707,3848],{"class":56},[50,134709,61],{"class":60},[50,134711,3652],{"class":64},[50,134713,69],{"class":68},[50,134715,4102],{"class":72},[50,134717,69],{"class":68},[50,134719,89],{"class":64},[50,134721,1495],{"class":1494},[50,134723,89],{"class":64},[50,134725,81],{"class":68},[50,134727,4111],{"class":72},[50,134729,69],{"class":68},[50,134731,788],{"class":64},[50,134733,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134735,119],{"class":118},[50,134737,122],{"class":64},[50,134739,69],{"class":68},[50,134741,32],{"class":72},[50,134743,69],{"class":68},[50,134745,129],{"class":64},[50,134747,133333],{"class":125},[50,134749,122],{"class":64},[50,134751,5382],{"class":125},[50,134753,1770],{"class":64},[20,134755,134756,134757,129],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134758,3029],{},[20,134760,134761],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[41,134763,134765],{"className":43,"code":134764,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134766,134767,134795,134825,134829],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134768,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134770,3848],{"class":56},[50,134772,61],{"class":60},[50,134774,3652],{"class":64},[50,134776,69],{"class":68},[50,134778,4102],{"class":72},[50,134780,69],{"class":68},[50,134782,89],{"class":64},[50,134784,1495],{"class":1494},[50,134786,89],{"class":64},[50,134788,81],{"class":68},[50,134790,4111],{"class":72},[50,134792,69],{"class":68},[50,134794,788],{"class":64},[50,134796,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134798,2250],{"class":56},[50,134800,61],{"class":60},[50,134802,81],{"class":68},[50,134804,32],{"class":72},[50,134806,69],{"class":68},[50,134808,129],{"class":64},[50,134810,133333],{"class":125},[50,134812,122],{"class":64},[50,134814,39669],{"class":118},[50,134816,122],{"class":64},[50,134818,3470],{"class":1779},[50,134820,89],{"class":64},[50,134822,3908],{"class":125},[50,134824,1770],{"class":64},[50,134826,134827],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,134828,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134830,134831,134833,134835,134837],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,134832,119],{"class":118},[50,134834,122],{"class":64},[50,134836,2285],{"class":125},[50,134838,414],{"class":64},[20,134840,2091],{},[41,134842,134844],{"className":43,"code":134843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134845,134846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134847,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134849,4102],{"class":56},[50,134851,89],{"class":64},[50,134853,1495],{"class":1494},[50,134855,89],{"class":64},[50,134857,134858],{"class":56}," banana\n",[20,134860,134861,134862,134864],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134863,38],{}," values instead of converting them.",[811,134866,134868,134870],{"id":134867},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134869,133256],{}," also works with tuples",[41,134872,134874],{"className":43,"code":134873,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134875,134876,134908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134877,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134879,5018],{"class":56},[50,134881,61],{"class":60},[50,134883,9262],{"class":64},[50,134885,69],{"class":68},[50,134887,7702],{"class":72},[50,134889,69],{"class":68},[50,134891,89],{"class":64},[50,134893,81],{"class":68},[50,134895,131262],{"class":72},[50,134897,69],{"class":68},[50,134899,89],{"class":64},[50,134901,81],{"class":68},[50,134903,1051],{"class":72},[50,134905,69],{"class":68},[50,134907,414],{"class":64},[50,134909,134910,134912,134914,134916,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134911,119],{"class":118},[50,134913,122],{"class":64},[50,134915,69],{"class":68},[50,134917,134918],{"class":72}," \u002F ",[50,134920,69],{"class":68},[50,134922,129],{"class":64},[50,134924,133333],{"class":125},[50,134926,122],{"class":64},[50,134928,5062],{"class":125},[50,134930,1770],{"class":64},[20,134932,2091],{},[41,134934,134936],{"className":43,"code":134935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134937,134938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134939,134940,134943,134945,134948,134950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134941,134942],{"class":56},"Sam ",[50,134944,127066],{"class":60},[50,134946,134947],{"class":56}," Lee ",[50,134949,127066],{"class":60},[50,134951,22132],{"class":56},[219,134953,134955,134956],{"id":134954},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134957,133256],{},[20,134959,134960],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[811,134962,134964,134965,134967],{"id":134963},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134966,3029],{}," because not all items are strings",[41,134969,134971],{"className":43,"code":134970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134972,134973,135001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134974,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134976,7805],{"class":56},[50,134978,61],{"class":60},[50,134980,3652],{"class":64},[50,134982,69],{"class":68},[50,134984,380],{"class":72},[50,134986,69],{"class":68},[50,134988,89],{"class":64},[50,134990,3016],{"class":101},[50,134992,89],{"class":64},[50,134994,81],{"class":68},[50,134996,9763],{"class":72},[50,134998,69],{"class":68},[50,135000,788],{"class":64},[50,135002,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135004,119],{"class":118},[50,135006,122],{"class":64},[50,135008,69],{"class":68},[50,135010,81],{"class":68},[50,135012,129],{"class":64},[50,135014,133333],{"class":125},[50,135016,122],{"class":64},[50,135018,7836],{"class":125},[50,135020,1770],{"class":64},[20,135022,48324,135023,135025],{},[15,135024,2076],{}," is an integer.",[20,135027,39071],{},[41,135029,135031],{"className":43,"code":135030,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135032,135033,135061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135034,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135036,7805],{"class":56},[50,135038,61],{"class":60},[50,135040,3652],{"class":64},[50,135042,69],{"class":68},[50,135044,380],{"class":72},[50,135046,69],{"class":68},[50,135048,89],{"class":64},[50,135050,3016],{"class":101},[50,135052,89],{"class":64},[50,135054,81],{"class":68},[50,135056,9763],{"class":72},[50,135058,69],{"class":68},[50,135060,788],{"class":64},[50,135062,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135064,119],{"class":118},[50,135066,122],{"class":64},[50,135068,69],{"class":68},[50,135070,81],{"class":68},[50,135072,129],{"class":64},[50,135074,133333],{"class":125},[50,135076,122],{"class":64},[50,135078,39669],{"class":118},[50,135080,122],{"class":64},[50,135082,3470],{"class":1779},[50,135084,89],{"class":64},[50,135086,5990],{"class":125},[50,135088,1799],{"class":64},[20,135090,135091,135092,129],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[380,135093,25479,135095],{"href":135094},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135096,135097],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[811,135099,135101,135102,135104],{"id":135100},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135103,133256],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135106,4550],{},[41,135108,135110],{"className":43,"code":135109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135111,135112,135144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135113,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135115,4093],{"class":56},[50,135117,61],{"class":60},[50,135119,3652],{"class":64},[50,135121,69],{"class":68},[50,135123,7322],{"class":72},[50,135125,69],{"class":68},[50,135127,89],{"class":64},[50,135129,81],{"class":68},[50,135131,12207],{"class":72},[50,135133,69],{"class":68},[50,135135,89],{"class":64},[50,135137,81],{"class":68},[50,135139,133314],{"class":72},[50,135141,69],{"class":68},[50,135143,788],{"class":64},[50,135145,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135147,2250],{"class":56},[50,135149,61],{"class":60},[50,135151,6192],{"class":56},[50,135153,129],{"class":64},[50,135155,133333],{"class":125},[50,135157,122],{"class":64},[50,135159,69],{"class":68},[50,135161,81],{"class":68},[50,135163,414],{"class":64},[20,135165,135166,135168],{},[15,135167,133256],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135170,10827],{},[41,135172,135174],{"className":43,"code":135173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135175,135176,135208,135228,135232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135177,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135179,4093],{"class":56},[50,135181,61],{"class":60},[50,135183,3652],{"class":64},[50,135185,69],{"class":68},[50,135187,7322],{"class":72},[50,135189,69],{"class":68},[50,135191,89],{"class":64},[50,135193,81],{"class":68},[50,135195,12207],{"class":72},[50,135197,69],{"class":68},[50,135199,89],{"class":64},[50,135201,81],{"class":68},[50,135203,133314],{"class":72},[50,135205,69],{"class":68},[50,135207,788],{"class":64},[50,135209,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135211,2250],{"class":56},[50,135213,61],{"class":60},[50,135215,81],{"class":68},[50,135217,81],{"class":68},[50,135219,129],{"class":64},[50,135221,133333],{"class":125},[50,135223,122],{"class":64},[50,135225,4137],{"class":125},[50,135227,414],{"class":64},[50,135229,135230],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135231,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135233,135234,135236,135238,135240],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,135235,119],{"class":118},[50,135237,122],{"class":64},[50,135239,2285],{"class":125},[50,135241,414],{"class":64},[811,135243,135245],{"id":135244},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[41,135247,135249],{"className":43,"code":135248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135250,135251,135283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135252,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135254,4093],{"class":56},[50,135256,61],{"class":60},[50,135258,3652],{"class":64},[50,135260,69],{"class":68},[50,135262,6610],{"class":72},[50,135264,69],{"class":68},[50,135266,89],{"class":64},[50,135268,81],{"class":68},[50,135270,79090],{"class":72},[50,135272,69],{"class":68},[50,135274,89],{"class":64},[50,135276,81],{"class":68},[50,135278,134060],{"class":72},[50,135280,69],{"class":68},[50,135282,788],{"class":64},[50,135284,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135286,119],{"class":118},[50,135288,122],{"class":64},[50,135290,6296],{"class":68},[50,135292,129],{"class":64},[50,135294,133333],{"class":125},[50,135296,122],{"class":64},[50,135298,4137],{"class":125},[50,135300,1770],{"class":64},[20,135302,2091],{},[41,135304,135306],{"className":43,"code":135305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"onetwothree\n",[15,135307,135308],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135309,135310],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135311,135305],{"class":56},[20,135313,135314,135315,6656],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135316,133401],{},[811,135318,135320,135321,131524],{"id":135319},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135322,133256],{},[41,135324,135326],{"className":43,"code":135325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135327,135328,135360,135378,135382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135329,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135331,4093],{"class":56},[50,135333,61],{"class":60},[50,135335,3652],{"class":64},[50,135337,69],{"class":68},[50,135339,380],{"class":72},[50,135341,69],{"class":68},[50,135343,89],{"class":64},[50,135345,81],{"class":68},[50,135347,4784],{"class":72},[50,135349,69],{"class":68},[50,135351,89],{"class":64},[50,135353,81],{"class":68},[50,135355,9763],{"class":72},[50,135357,69],{"class":68},[50,135359,788],{"class":64},[50,135361,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135363,69],{"class":43140},[50,135365,2041],{"class":43144},[50,135367,69],{"class":43140},[50,135369,129],{"class":64},[50,135371,133333],{"class":125},[50,135373,122],{"class":64},[50,135375,4137],{"class":125},[50,135377,414],{"class":64},[50,135379,135380],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135381,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135383,135384,135386,135388,135390],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,135385,119],{"class":118},[50,135387,122],{"class":64},[50,135389,4137],{"class":125},[50,135391,414],{"class":64},[20,135393,2091],{},[41,135395,135396],{"className":43,"code":42687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,135397,135398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135399,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135401,779],{"class":64},[50,135403,1736],{"class":68},[50,135405,380],{"class":72},[50,135407,1736],{"class":68},[50,135409,89],{"class":64},[50,135411,3321],{"class":68},[50,135413,4784],{"class":72},[50,135415,1736],{"class":68},[50,135417,89],{"class":64},[50,135419,3321],{"class":68},[50,135421,9763],{"class":72},[50,135423,1736],{"class":68},[50,135425,788],{"class":64},[20,135427,135428,135429,135431],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135430,133256],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[219,135433,135435,135437,135438],{"id":135434},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135436,133256],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135439,2079],{},[20,135441,10613,135442,1846,135444,135446],{},[15,135443,133256],{},[15,135445,2079],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[811,135448,212,135450,135452],{"id":135449},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135451,2079],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[41,135454,135456],{"className":43,"code":135455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135457,135458,135471,135484,135504,135508],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135459,135460,135463,135465,135467,135469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135461,135462],{"class":56},"first ",[50,135464,61],{"class":60},[50,135466,81],{"class":68},[50,135468,34672],{"class":72},[50,135470,3384],{"class":68},[50,135472,135473,135476,135478,135480,135482],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135474,135475],{"class":56},"second ",[50,135477,61],{"class":60},[50,135479,81],{"class":68},[50,135481,89559],{"class":72},[50,135483,3384],{"class":68},[50,135485,135486,135488,135490,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135487,2250],{"class":56},[50,135489,61],{"class":60},[50,135491,135492],{"class":56}," first ",[50,135494,2079],{"class":60},[50,135496,81],{"class":68},[50,135498,81],{"class":68},[50,135500,2476],{"class":60},[50,135502,135503],{"class":56}," second\n",[50,135505,135506],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,135507,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135509,135510,135512,135514,135516],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,135511,119],{"class":118},[50,135513,122],{"class":64},[50,135515,2285],{"class":125},[50,135517,414],{"class":64},[20,135519,2091],{},[41,135521,135523],{"className":43,"code":135522,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello World\n",[15,135524,135525],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135526,135527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135528,135522],{"class":56},[811,135530,212,135532,135534],{"id":135531},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135533,133256],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[41,135536,135538],{"className":43,"code":135537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135539,135540,135582,135602,135606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135541,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135561,135563,135565,135567,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135543,4093],{"class":56},[50,135545,61],{"class":60},[50,135547,3652],{"class":64},[50,135549,69],{"class":68},[50,135551,7322],{"class":72},[50,135553,69],{"class":68},[50,135555,89],{"class":64},[50,135557,81],{"class":68},[50,135559,135560],{"class":72},"makes",[50,135562,69],{"class":68},[50,135564,89],{"class":64},[50,135566,81],{"class":68},[50,135568,135569],{"class":72},"this",[50,135571,69],{"class":68},[50,135573,89],{"class":64},[50,135575,81],{"class":68},[50,135577,133755],{"class":72},[50,135579,69],{"class":68},[50,135581,788],{"class":64},[50,135583,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135585,2250],{"class":56},[50,135587,61],{"class":60},[50,135589,81],{"class":68},[50,135591,81],{"class":68},[50,135593,129],{"class":64},[50,135595,133333],{"class":125},[50,135597,122],{"class":64},[50,135599,4137],{"class":125},[50,135601,414],{"class":64},[50,135603,135604],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135605,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135607,135608,135610,135612,135614],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,135609,119],{"class":118},[50,135611,122],{"class":64},[50,135613,2285],{"class":125},[50,135615,414],{"class":64},[20,135617,2091],{},[41,135619,135621],{"className":43,"code":135620,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135622,135623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135624,135625],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135626,135620],{"class":56},[20,135628,135629,135631],{},[15,135630,133256],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[233,135633,135634,135637,135640],{},[236,135635,135636],{},"You already have a list of strings",[236,135638,135639],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[236,135641,135642,135643,135645],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135644,2079],{}," operators",[20,135647,135648,135649,129],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[380,135650,135652],{"href":135651},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[219,135654,135656],{"id":135655},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135658,8904,135659,135661],{},[15,135660,133256],{}," is not working, check these first:",[233,135663,135664,135667,135672,135681,135687],{},[236,135665,135666],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[236,135668,135669,135670],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135671,38],{},[236,135673,135674,135675,11111,135678],{},"You may have written ",[15,135676,135677],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135679,135680],{},"string.join(...)",[236,135682,135683,135684,135686],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135685,133256],{}," to change the original iterable",[236,135688,135689],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135691,94199],{},[41,135693,135695],{"className":43,"code":135694,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135696,135697,135711,135721,135745,135785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135698,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135700,119],{"class":118},[50,135702,122],{"class":64},[50,135704,1780],{"class":1779},[50,135706,122],{"class":64},[50,135708,7836],{"class":125},[50,135710,1770],{"class":64},[50,135712,135713,135715,135717,135719],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135714,119],{"class":118},[50,135716,122],{"class":64},[50,135718,7836],{"class":125},[50,135720,414],{"class":64},[50,135722,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135724,119],{"class":118},[50,135726,3008],{"class":64},[50,135728,1780],{"class":1779},[50,135730,122],{"class":64},[50,135732,23109],{"class":125},[50,135734,1206],{"class":64},[50,135736,3900],{"class":1622},[50,135738,5985],{"class":125},[50,135740,1562],{"class":1622},[50,135742,5990],{"class":125},[50,135744,3911],{"class":64},[50,135746,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765,135767,135769,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781,135783],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,135748,119],{"class":118},[50,135750,122],{"class":64},[50,135752,1736],{"class":68},[50,135754,3321],{"class":68},[50,135756,129],{"class":64},[50,135758,133333],{"class":125},[50,135760,3008],{"class":64},[50,135762,1736],{"class":68},[50,135764,380],{"class":72},[50,135766,1736],{"class":68},[50,135768,89],{"class":64},[50,135770,3321],{"class":68},[50,135772,4784],{"class":72},[50,135774,1736],{"class":68},[50,135776,89],{"class":64},[50,135778,3321],{"class":68},[50,135780,9763],{"class":72},[50,135782,1736],{"class":68},[50,135784,3023],{"class":64},[50,135786,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799,135801,135803,135805,135807,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819,135821,135823],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,135788,119],{"class":118},[50,135790,122],{"class":64},[50,135792,1736],{"class":68},[50,135794,32],{"class":72},[50,135796,1736],{"class":68},[50,135798,129],{"class":64},[50,135800,133333],{"class":125},[50,135802,122],{"class":64},[50,135804,39669],{"class":118},[50,135806,122],{"class":64},[50,135808,3470],{"class":1779},[50,135810,89],{"class":64},[50,135812,3652],{"class":64},[50,135814,3011],{"class":101},[50,135816,89],{"class":64},[50,135818,3016],{"class":101},[50,135820,89],{"class":64},[50,135822,2473],{"class":101},[50,135824,37073],{"class":64},[20,135826,135827],{},"What these checks do:",[233,135829,135830,135838,135844,135850,135859],{},[236,135831,135832,135835,135836,8122],{},[15,135833,135834],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135837,7836],{},[236,135839,135840,135843],{},[15,135841,135842],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[236,135845,135846,135849],{},[15,135847,135848],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[236,135851,135852,135855,135856,135858],{},[15,135853,135854],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135857,133256],{}," behavior",[236,135860,135861,135864],{},[15,135862,135863],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[219,135866,1857],{"id":1856},[811,135868,1861,135870,135872],{"id":135869},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135871,133256],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135874,135875,135876,135878,135879,129],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135877,133256],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135880,135881],{},"map(str, values)",[811,135883,1861,135885,56980],{"id":135884},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135886,133256],{},[20,135888,135889],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[811,135891,28129,135893,62453],{"id":135892},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135894,133256],{},[20,135896,41963,135897,135899],{},[15,135898,133256],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[811,135901,5164,135903,39770],{"id":135902},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135904,135905],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135907,135908],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[811,135910,135912,135913,135915,135916,1867],{"id":135911},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135914,3029],{}," when using ",[15,135917,133256],{},[20,135919,135920],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[219,135922,1909],{"id":1908},[233,135924,135925,135930,135936,135942,135948],{},[236,135926,135927],{},[380,135928,135929],{"href":135651},"How to join strings in Python",[236,135931,135932],{},[380,135933,126174,135934,1845],{"href":128861},[15,135935,60349],{},[236,135937,135938],{},[380,135939,3603,135940,3536],{"href":41986},[15,135941,47497],{},[236,135943,135944],{},[380,135945,30149,135946],{"href":135094},[15,135947,135097],{},[236,135949,135950],{},[380,135951,124929],{"href":50790},[20,135953,97169,135954,135956],{},[15,135955,133256],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1944,135958,135959],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":135961},[135962,135963,135965,135968,135975,135985,135993,136003,136010,136011,136023],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":133373,"depth":108,"text":135964},"What join() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":135966},[135967],{"id":48823,"depth":115,"text":48824},{"id":121704,"depth":108,"text":121705,"children":135969},[135970,135971,135972,135973],{"id":133720,"depth":115,"text":133721},{"id":133812,"depth":115,"text":133813},{"id":133913,"depth":115,"text":133914},{"id":134022,"depth":115,"text":135974},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134125,"depth":108,"text":134126,"children":135976},[135977,135979,135981,135983],{"id":134132,"depth":115,"text":135978},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134199,"depth":115,"text":135980},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134288,"depth":115,"text":135982},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134374,"depth":115,"text":135984},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134449,"depth":108,"text":134450,"children":135986},[135987,135988,135989,135991],{"id":134458,"depth":115,"text":134459},{"id":134541,"depth":115,"text":134542},{"id":134695,"depth":115,"text":135990},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134867,"depth":115,"text":135992},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134954,"depth":108,"text":135994,"children":135995},"Common errors with join()",[135996,135998,136000,136001],{"id":134963,"depth":115,"text":135997},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135100,"depth":115,"text":135999},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135244,"depth":115,"text":135245},{"id":135319,"depth":115,"text":136002},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135434,"depth":108,"text":136004,"children":136005},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136006,136008],{"id":135449,"depth":115,"text":136007},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135531,"depth":115,"text":136009},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135655,"depth":108,"text":135656},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":136012},[136013,136015,136017,136019,136021],{"id":135869,"depth":115,"text":136014},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135884,"depth":115,"text":136016},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135892,"depth":115,"text":136018},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135902,"depth":115,"text":136020},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135911,"depth":115,"text":136022},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133248,"description":136024},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136031,"title":136032,"body":136033,"description":137601,"extension":1981,"meta":137602,"navigation":111,"path":137603,"seo":137604,"stem":137605,"__hash__":137606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136034,"toc":137568},[136035,136040,136045,136047,136061,136106,136113,136118,136123,136125,136141,136150,136152,136154,136169,136171,136181,136183,136245,136247,136250,136311,136313,136329,136331,136344,136347,136394,136396,136402,136405,136408,136468,136476,136562,136566,136571,136573,136587,136590,136675,136678,136736,136747,136802,136804,136811,136817,136823,136867,136870,136917,136919,136921,136928,136930,136961,136964,136966,136997,137001,137004,137006,137046,137048,137091,137097,137102,137104,137131,137136,137139,137188,137192,137195,137270,137281,137284,137341,137348,137354,137362,137367,137374,137381,137399,137401,137455,137463,137465,137470,137473,137479,137485,137490,137493,137499,137505,137512,137520,137522,137565],[10,136036,123174,136038,18],{"id":136037},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136039,123904],{},[20,136041,123179,136042,136044],{},[15,136043,123904],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136046,23886],{},[233,136048,136049,136052,136055,136058],{},[236,136050,136051],{},"convert text to lowercase",[236,136053,136054],{},"compare text without case differences",[236,136056,136057],{},"clean up user input",[236,136059,136060],{},"make simple text matching easier",[41,136062,136064],{"className":43,"code":136063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136065,136066,136079,136093],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136067,136068,136070,136072,136074,136077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136069,34492],{"class":56},[50,136071,61],{"class":60},[50,136073,81],{"class":68},[50,136075,136076],{"class":72},"Hello WORLD",[50,136078,3384],{"class":68},[50,136080,136081,136083,136085,136087,136089,136091],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136082,2250],{"class":56},[50,136084,61],{"class":60},[50,136086,42653],{"class":56},[50,136088,129],{"class":64},[50,136090,8668],{"class":125},[50,136092,8671],{"class":64},[50,136094,136095,136097,136099,136101,136103],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136096,119],{"class":118},[50,136098,122],{"class":64},[50,136100,2285],{"class":125},[50,136102,1206],{"class":64},[50,136104,136105],{"class":146},"  # hello world\n",[20,136107,136108,88782,136110,136112],{},[997,136109,83640],{},[15,136111,123904],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[219,136114,222,136116,225],{"id":136115},"what-lower-does",[15,136117,123904],{},[20,136119,136120,136122],{},[15,136121,123904],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136124,13060],{},[233,136126,136127,136132,136135,136138],{},[236,136128,136129,136131],{},[15,136130,123904],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[236,136133,136134],{},"It works on string objects",[236,136136,136137],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[236,136139,136140],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136142,124926,136143,136147,136148,129],{},[380,136144,136146],{"href":136145},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[380,136149,50791],{"href":50790},[219,136151,387],{"id":386},[20,136153,2180],{},[41,136155,136157],{"className":43,"code":136156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.lower()\n",[15,136158,136159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136160,136161,136163,136165,136167],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136162,60992],{"class":56},[50,136164,129],{"class":64},[50,136166,8668],{"class":125},[50,136168,8671],{"class":64},[20,136170,43462],{},[233,136172,136173,136175,136178],{},[236,136174,97347],{},[236,136176,136177],{},"You call it directly on a string",[236,136179,136180],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136182,253],{},[41,136184,136186],{"className":43,"code":136185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136187,136188,136211,136215,136228],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136189,136190,136192,136194,136196,136199,136201,136203,136205,136208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136191,119],{"class":118},[50,136193,122],{"class":64},[50,136195,69],{"class":68},[50,136197,136198],{"class":72},"HELLO",[50,136200,69],{"class":68},[50,136202,129],{"class":64},[50,136204,8668],{"class":125},[50,136206,136207],{"class":64},"())",[50,136209,136210],{"class":146},"  # hello\n",[50,136212,136213],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136214,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136216,136217,136219,136221,136223,136226],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136218,7903],{"class":56},[50,136220,61],{"class":60},[50,136222,81],{"class":68},[50,136224,136225],{"class":72},"PyThOn",[50,136227,3384],{"class":68},[50,136229,136230,136232,136234,136236,136238,136240,136242],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136231,119],{"class":118},[50,136233,122],{"class":64},[50,136235,73],{"class":125},[50,136237,129],{"class":64},[50,136239,8668],{"class":125},[50,136241,136207],{"class":64},[50,136243,136244],{"class":146},"  # python\n",[219,136246,11490],{"id":11489},[20,136248,136249],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[41,136251,136253],{"className":43,"code":136252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136254,136255,136267,136271,136286,136290,136301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136256,136257,136259,136261,136263,136265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136258,34492],{"class":56},[50,136260,61],{"class":60},[50,136262,81],{"class":68},[50,136264,136076],{"class":72},[50,136266,3384],{"class":68},[50,136268,136269],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136270,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136272,136273,136276,136278,136280,136282,136284],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136274,136275],{"class":56},"lower_text ",[50,136277,61],{"class":60},[50,136279,42653],{"class":56},[50,136281,129],{"class":64},[50,136283,8668],{"class":125},[50,136285,8671],{"class":64},[50,136287,136288],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136289,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136291,136292,136294,136296,136299],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,136293,119],{"class":118},[50,136295,122],{"class":64},[50,136297,136298],{"class":125},"lower_text",[50,136300,414],{"class":64},[50,136302,136303,136305,136307,136309],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,136304,119],{"class":118},[50,136306,122],{"class":64},[50,136308,34513],{"class":125},[50,136310,414],{"class":64},[20,136312,2091],{},[41,136314,136316],{"className":43,"code":136315,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136317,136318,136322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136319,136320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136321,134190],{"class":56},[50,136323,136324,136326],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136325,131590],{"class":56},[50,136327,136328],{"class":34257},"WORLD\n",[20,136330,24406],{},[233,136332,136333,136338],{},[236,136334,136335,136337],{},[15,136336,123904],{}," returns the lowercase result",[236,136339,136340,136341,136343],{},"the original ",[15,136342,34513],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136345,136346],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[41,136348,136350],{"className":43,"code":136349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136351,136352,136364,136378,136382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136353,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136355,34492],{"class":56},[50,136357,61],{"class":60},[50,136359,81],{"class":68},[50,136361,136076],{"class":72},[50,136363,3384],{"class":68},[50,136365,136366,136368,136370,136372,136374,136376],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136367,34492],{"class":56},[50,136369,61],{"class":60},[50,136371,42653],{"class":56},[50,136373,129],{"class":64},[50,136375,8668],{"class":125},[50,136377,8671],{"class":64},[50,136379,136380],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136381,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136383,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136385,119],{"class":118},[50,136387,122],{"class":64},[50,136389,34513],{"class":125},[50,136391,1206],{"class":64},[50,136393,136105],{"class":146},[219,136395,17411],{"id":17410},[20,136397,136398,21773,136400,129],{},[15,136399,123904],{},[997,136401,60992],{},[20,136403,136404],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136406,136407],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[41,136409,136411],{"className":43,"code":136410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136412,136413,136427,136431,136454],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136414,136415,136418,136420,136422,136425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136416,136417],{"class":56},"answer ",[50,136419,61],{"class":60},[50,136421,81],{"class":68},[50,136423,136424],{"class":72},"YES",[50,136426,3384],{"class":68},[50,136428,136429],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136430,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136432,136433,136435,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446,136448,136450,136452],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136434,7023],{"class":1622},[50,136436,136437],{"class":56}," answer",[50,136439,129],{"class":64},[50,136441,8668],{"class":125},[50,136443,7391],{"class":64},[50,136445,6432],{"class":60},[50,136447,81],{"class":68},[50,136449,8686],{"class":72},[50,136451,69],{"class":68},[50,136453,6417],{"class":64},[50,136455,136456,136458,136460,136462,136464,136466],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136457,8094],{"class":118},[50,136459,122],{"class":64},[50,136461,69],{"class":68},[50,136463,96656],{"class":72},[50,136465,69],{"class":68},[50,136467,414],{"class":64},[20,136469,136470,136471,78],{},"This is especially useful with ",[380,136472,136473,136474,2324],{"href":8245},"the ",[15,136475,2980],{},[41,136477,136479],{"className":43,"code":136478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136480,136481,136500,136504,136526,136541,136547],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136482,136483,136485,136487,136489,136491,136493,136496,136498],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136484,136417],{"class":56},[50,136486,61],{"class":60},[50,136488,8268],{"class":118},[50,136490,122],{"class":64},[50,136492,69],{"class":68},[50,136494,136495],{"class":72},"Type yes or no: ",[50,136497,69],{"class":68},[50,136499,414],{"class":64},[50,136501,136502],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136503,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136505,136506,136508,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136507,7023],{"class":1622},[50,136509,136437],{"class":56},[50,136511,129],{"class":64},[50,136513,8668],{"class":125},[50,136515,7391],{"class":64},[50,136517,6432],{"class":60},[50,136519,81],{"class":68},[50,136521,8686],{"class":72},[50,136523,69],{"class":68},[50,136525,6417],{"class":64},[50,136527,136528,136530,136532,136534,136537,136539],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136529,8094],{"class":118},[50,136531,122],{"class":64},[50,136533,69],{"class":68},[50,136535,136536],{"class":72},"You typed yes",[50,136538,69],{"class":68},[50,136540,414],{"class":64},[50,136542,136543,136545],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,136544,27234],{"class":1622},[50,136546,6417],{"class":64},[50,136548,136549,136551,136553,136555,136558,136560],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,136550,8094],{"class":118},[50,136552,122],{"class":64},[50,136554,69],{"class":68},[50,136556,136557],{"class":72},"You typed something else",[50,136559,69],{"class":68},[50,136561,414],{"class":64},[219,136563,136565],{"id":136564},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136567,136568,136570],{},[15,136569,123904],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136572,7368],{},[233,136574,136575,136578,136581,136584],{},[236,136576,136577],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[236,136579,136580],{},"Make text matching easier",[236,136582,136583],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[236,136585,136586],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136588,136589],{},"Example: checking user input",[41,136591,136593],{"className":43,"code":136592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136594,136595,136613,136617,136639,136654,136660],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136596,136597,136599,136601,136603,136605,136607,136609,136611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136598,44771],{"class":56},[50,136600,61],{"class":60},[50,136602,8268],{"class":118},[50,136604,122],{"class":64},[50,136606,69],{"class":68},[50,136608,44782],{"class":72},[50,136610,69],{"class":68},[50,136612,414],{"class":64},[50,136614,136615],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136616,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136618,136619,136621,136623,136625,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635,136637],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136620,7023],{"class":1622},[50,136622,35657],{"class":56},[50,136624,129],{"class":64},[50,136626,8668],{"class":125},[50,136628,7391],{"class":64},[50,136630,6432],{"class":60},[50,136632,81],{"class":68},[50,136634,13118],{"class":72},[50,136636,69],{"class":68},[50,136638,6417],{"class":64},[50,136640,136641,136643,136645,136647,136650,136652],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136642,8094],{"class":118},[50,136644,122],{"class":64},[50,136646,69],{"class":68},[50,136648,136649],{"class":72},"Nice choice!",[50,136651,69],{"class":68},[50,136653,414],{"class":64},[50,136655,136656,136658],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,136657,27234],{"class":1622},[50,136659,6417],{"class":64},[50,136661,136662,136664,136666,136668,136671,136673],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,136663,8094],{"class":118},[50,136665,122],{"class":64},[50,136667,69],{"class":68},[50,136669,136670],{"class":72},"Got it.",[50,136672,69],{"class":68},[50,136674,414],{"class":64},[20,136676,136677],{},"Example: simple search",[41,136679,136681],{"className":43,"code":136680,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136682,136683,136696,136700,136721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136684,136685,136687,136689,136691,136694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136686,89826],{"class":56},[50,136688,61],{"class":60},[50,136690,81],{"class":68},[50,136692,136693],{"class":72},"Python Is Fun",[50,136695,3384],{"class":68},[50,136697,136698],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136699,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136701,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710,136712,136715,136717,136719],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136703,7023],{"class":1622},[50,136705,81],{"class":68},[50,136707,45],{"class":72},[50,136709,69],{"class":68},[50,136711,1623],{"class":60},[50,136713,136714],{"class":56}," message",[50,136716,129],{"class":64},[50,136718,8668],{"class":125},[50,136720,21393],{"class":64},[50,136722,136723,136725,136727,136729,136732,136734],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136724,8094],{"class":118},[50,136726,122],{"class":64},[50,136728,69],{"class":68},[50,136730,136731],{"class":72},"Found it",[50,136733,69],{"class":68},[50,136735,414],{"class":64},[20,136737,136738,136739,136741,136742,78],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136740,123904],{}," is often used with ",[380,136743,136745],{"href":136744},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136746,41464],{},[41,136748,136750],{"className":43,"code":136749,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136751,136752,136765,136784,136788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136753,136754,136756,136758,136760,136763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136755,7903],{"class":56},[50,136757,61],{"class":60},[50,136759,81],{"class":68},[50,136761,136762],{"class":72},"  ALICE  ",[50,136764,3384],{"class":68},[50,136766,136767,136770,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136768,136769],{"class":56},"clean_name ",[50,136771,61],{"class":60},[50,136773,35798],{"class":56},[50,136775,129],{"class":64},[50,136777,8662],{"class":125},[50,136779,8665],{"class":64},[50,136781,8668],{"class":125},[50,136783,8671],{"class":64},[50,136785,136786],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136787,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136789,136790,136792,136794,136797,136799],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136791,119],{"class":118},[50,136793,122],{"class":64},[50,136795,136796],{"class":125},"clean_name",[50,136798,1206],{"class":64},[50,136800,136801],{"class":146},"  # alice\n",[219,136803,15598],{"id":15597},[20,136805,136806,136807,136810],{},"Strings are ",[997,136808,136809],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136812,136813,136814,136816],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136815,123904],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136818,136819,136820,136822],{},"So this does ",[997,136821,1262],{}," update the original variable:",[41,136824,136826],{"className":43,"code":136825,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136827,136828,136840,136850,136854],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136829,136830,136832,136834,136836,136838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136831,34492],{"class":56},[50,136833,61],{"class":60},[50,136835,81],{"class":68},[50,136837,136198],{"class":72},[50,136839,3384],{"class":68},[50,136841,136842,136844,136846,136848],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136843,34513],{"class":56},[50,136845,129],{"class":64},[50,136847,8668],{"class":125},[50,136849,8671],{"class":64},[50,136851,136852],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136853,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136855,136856,136858,136860,136862,136864],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136857,119],{"class":118},[50,136859,122],{"class":64},[50,136861,34513],{"class":125},[50,136863,1206],{"class":64},[50,136865,136866],{"class":146},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136868,136869],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[41,136871,136873],{"className":43,"code":136872,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136874,136875,136887,136901,136905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136876,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136878,34492],{"class":56},[50,136880,61],{"class":60},[50,136882,81],{"class":68},[50,136884,136198],{"class":72},[50,136886,3384],{"class":68},[50,136888,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136890,34492],{"class":56},[50,136892,61],{"class":60},[50,136894,42653],{"class":56},[50,136896,129],{"class":64},[50,136898,8668],{"class":125},[50,136900,8671],{"class":64},[50,136902,136903],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136904,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136906,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,136908,119],{"class":118},[50,136910,122],{"class":64},[50,136912,34513],{"class":125},[50,136914,1206],{"class":64},[50,136916,136210],{"class":146},[219,136918,1663],{"id":1662},[811,136920,25487],{"id":25486},[20,136922,136923,136924,11111,136926,129],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136925,8668],{},[15,136927,123904],{},[20,136929,16643],{},[41,136931,136933],{"className":43,"code":136932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136934,136935,136947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136936,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136938,34492],{"class":56},[50,136940,61],{"class":60},[50,136942,81],{"class":68},[50,136944,136198],{"class":72},[50,136946,3384],{"class":68},[50,136948,136949,136951,136953,136955,136957,136959],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136950,119],{"class":118},[50,136952,122],{"class":64},[50,136954,34513],{"class":125},[50,136956,129],{"class":64},[50,136958,8668],{"class":24549},[50,136960,414],{"class":64},[20,136962,136963],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136965,16655],{},[41,136967,136969],{"className":43,"code":136968,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136970,136971,136983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136972,136973,136975,136977,136979,136981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136974,34492],{"class":56},[50,136976,61],{"class":60},[50,136978,81],{"class":68},[50,136980,136198],{"class":72},[50,136982,3384],{"class":68},[50,136984,136985,136987,136989,136991,136993,136995],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136986,119],{"class":118},[50,136988,122],{"class":64},[50,136990,34513],{"class":125},[50,136992,129],{"class":64},[50,136994,8668],{"class":125},[50,136996,1727],{"class":64},[811,136998,137000],{"id":136999},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137002,137003],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137005,16643],{},[41,137007,137009],{"className":43,"code":137008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137010,137011,137023,137033],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137012,137013,137015,137017,137019,137021],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137014,34492],{"class":56},[50,137016,61],{"class":60},[50,137018,81],{"class":68},[50,137020,136198],{"class":72},[50,137022,3384],{"class":68},[50,137024,137025,137027,137029,137031],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137026,34513],{"class":56},[50,137028,129],{"class":64},[50,137030,8668],{"class":125},[50,137032,8671],{"class":64},[50,137034,137035,137037,137039,137041,137043],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137036,119],{"class":118},[50,137038,122],{"class":64},[50,137040,34513],{"class":125},[50,137042,1206],{"class":64},[50,137044,137045],{"class":146},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137047,16655],{},[41,137049,137051],{"className":43,"code":137050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137052,137053,137065,137079],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137054,137055,137057,137059,137061,137063],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137056,34492],{"class":56},[50,137058,61],{"class":60},[50,137060,81],{"class":68},[50,137062,136198],{"class":72},[50,137064,3384],{"class":68},[50,137066,137067,137069,137071,137073,137075,137077],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137068,34492],{"class":56},[50,137070,61],{"class":60},[50,137072,42653],{"class":56},[50,137074,129],{"class":64},[50,137076,8668],{"class":125},[50,137078,8671],{"class":64},[50,137080,137081,137083,137085,137087,137089],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137082,119],{"class":118},[50,137084,122],{"class":64},[50,137086,34513],{"class":125},[50,137088,1206],{"class":64},[50,137090,136210],{"class":146},[811,137092,8444,137094,137096],{"id":137093},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137095,123904],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137098,137099,137101],{},[15,137100,123904],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137103,16643],{},[41,137105,137107],{"className":43,"code":137106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137108,137109,137117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137110,137111,137113,137115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137112,2237],{"class":56},[50,137114,61],{"class":60},[50,137116,124856],{"class":101},[50,137118,137119,137121,137123,137125,137127,137129],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137120,119],{"class":118},[50,137122,122],{"class":64},[50,137124,2260],{"class":125},[50,137126,129],{"class":64},[50,137128,8668],{"class":125},[50,137130,1727],{"class":64},[20,137132,137133,137134,33404],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137135,123904],{},[20,137137,137138],{},"You can check the type first:",[41,137140,137142],{"className":43,"code":137141,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137143,137144,137156,137160,137174],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137145,137146,137148,137150,137152,137154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137147,34492],{"class":56},[50,137149,61],{"class":60},[50,137151,81],{"class":68},[50,137153,136198],{"class":72},[50,137155,3384],{"class":68},[50,137157,137158],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137159,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137161,137162,137164,137166,137168,137170,137172],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137163,119],{"class":118},[50,137165,122],{"class":64},[50,137167,1780],{"class":1779},[50,137169,122],{"class":64},[50,137171,34513],{"class":125},[50,137173,1770],{"class":64},[50,137175,137176,137178,137180,137182,137184,137186],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,137177,119],{"class":118},[50,137179,122],{"class":64},[50,137181,34513],{"class":125},[50,137183,129],{"class":64},[50,137185,8668],{"class":125},[50,137187,1727],{"class":64},[811,137189,137191],{"id":137190},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137193,137194],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[41,137196,137198],{"className":43,"code":137197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137199,137200,137213,137217,137234,137249,137255],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137201,137202,137204,137206,137208,137211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137203,136417],{"class":56},[50,137205,61],{"class":60},[50,137207,81],{"class":68},[50,137209,137210],{"class":72},"Yes",[50,137212,3384],{"class":68},[50,137214,137215],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137216,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137218,137219,137221,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137220,7023],{"class":1622},[50,137222,137223],{"class":56}," answer ",[50,137225,4712],{"class":60},[50,137227,81],{"class":68},[50,137229,8686],{"class":72},[50,137231,69],{"class":68},[50,137233,6417],{"class":64},[50,137235,137236,137238,137240,137242,137245,137247],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,137237,8094],{"class":118},[50,137239,122],{"class":64},[50,137241,69],{"class":68},[50,137243,137244],{"class":72},"Match",[50,137246,69],{"class":68},[50,137248,414],{"class":64},[50,137250,137251,137253],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,137252,27234],{"class":1622},[50,137254,6417],{"class":64},[50,137256,137257,137259,137261,137263,137266,137268],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,137258,8094],{"class":118},[50,137260,122],{"class":64},[50,137262,69],{"class":68},[50,137264,137265],{"class":72},"No match",[50,137267,69],{"class":68},[50,137269,414],{"class":64},[20,137271,28862,137272,1846,137275,137278,137279,129],{},[15,137273,137274],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137276,137277],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137280,137265],{},[20,137282,137283],{},"Better:",[41,137285,137287],{"className":43,"code":137286,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137288,137289,137301,137305,137327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137290,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137292,136417],{"class":56},[50,137294,61],{"class":60},[50,137296,81],{"class":68},[50,137298,137210],{"class":72},[50,137300,3384],{"class":68},[50,137302,137303],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137304,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313,137315,137317,137319,137321,137323,137325],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137308,7023],{"class":1622},[50,137310,136437],{"class":56},[50,137312,129],{"class":64},[50,137314,8668],{"class":125},[50,137316,7391],{"class":64},[50,137318,6432],{"class":60},[50,137320,81],{"class":68},[50,137322,8686],{"class":72},[50,137324,69],{"class":68},[50,137326,6417],{"class":64},[50,137328,137329,137331,137333,137335,137337,137339],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,137330,8094],{"class":118},[50,137332,122],{"class":64},[50,137334,69],{"class":68},[50,137336,137244],{"class":72},[50,137338,69],{"class":68},[50,137340,414],{"class":64},[811,137342,44025,137344,137347],{"id":137343},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137345,137346],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137349,137350,137351,137353],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137352,123904],{}," is enough.",[20,137355,137356,137357,137359,137360,129],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137358,137346],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137361,123904],{},[20,137363,137364,137365,122416],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137366,123904],{},[219,137368,137370,10608,137372],{"id":137369},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137371,123904],{},[15,137373,128052],{},[20,137375,137376,1846,137378,137380],{},[15,137377,123904],{},[15,137379,128052],{}," are very similar.",[233,137382,137383,137388,137393,137396],{},[236,137384,137385,137387],{},[15,137386,123904],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[236,137389,137390,137392],{},[15,137391,128052],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[236,137394,137395],{},"Both return new strings",[236,137397,137398],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137400,253],{},[41,137402,137404],{"className":43,"code":137403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137405,137406,137418,137422,137438],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137407,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137409,34492],{"class":56},[50,137411,61],{"class":60},[50,137413,81],{"class":68},[50,137415,128893],{"class":72},[50,137417,3384],{"class":68},[50,137419,137420],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137421,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137423,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137425,119],{"class":118},[50,137427,122],{"class":64},[50,137429,34513],{"class":125},[50,137431,129],{"class":64},[50,137433,8668],{"class":125},[50,137435,136207],{"class":64},[50,137437,136105],{"class":146},[50,137439,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,137441,119],{"class":118},[50,137443,122],{"class":64},[50,137445,34513],{"class":125},[50,137447,129],{"class":64},[50,137449,34282],{"class":125},[50,137451,136207],{"class":64},[50,137453,137454],{"class":146},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137456,137457,137458,129],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[380,137459,126174,137461,1845],{"href":137460},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137462,128052],{},[219,137464,1857],{"id":1856},[811,137466,1861,137468,124501],{"id":137467},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137469,123904],{},[20,137471,137472],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[811,137474,1861,137476,137478],{"id":137475},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137477,123904],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137480,137481,137482,129],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137483,137484],{},"string.lower()",[811,137486,5164,137488,12726],{"id":137487},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137489,123904],{},[20,137491,137492],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[811,137494,28129,137496,137498],{"id":137495},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137497,123904],{}," on user input?",[20,137500,137501,137502,137504],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137503,2980],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[811,137506,5202,137508,1846,137510,1867],{"id":137507},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137509,123904],{},[15,137511,137346],{},[20,137513,137514,137516,137517,137519],{},[15,137515,123904],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137518,137346],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[219,137521,1909],{"id":1908},[233,137523,137524,137528,137534,137540,137546,137550,137554,137560],{},[236,137525,137526],{},[380,137527,50791],{"href":50790},[236,137529,137530],{},[380,137531,126174,137532,1845],{"href":137460},[15,137533,128052],{},[236,137535,137536],{},[380,137537,126174,137538,1845],{"href":136744},[15,137539,41464],{},[236,137541,137542],{},[380,137543,126174,137544,1845],{"href":129755},[15,137545,124345],{},[236,137547,137548],{},[380,137549,124573],{"href":123429},[236,137551,137552],{},[380,137553,90502],{"href":89511},[236,137555,137556],{},[380,137557,3603,137558,3536],{"href":8245},[15,137559,2980],{},[236,137561,137562],{},[380,137563,137564],{"href":136145},"What is a string in Python?",[1944,137566,137567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":137569},[137570,137572,137573,137574,137575,137576,137577,137586,137588,137600],{"id":136115,"depth":108,"text":137571},"What lower() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":136564,"depth":108,"text":136565},{"id":15597,"depth":108,"text":15598},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":137578},[137579,137580,137581,137583,137584],{"id":25486,"depth":115,"text":25487},{"id":136999,"depth":115,"text":137000},{"id":137093,"depth":115,"text":137582},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137190,"depth":115,"text":137191},{"id":137343,"depth":115,"text":137585},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137369,"depth":108,"text":137587},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":137589},[137590,137592,137594,137596,137598],{"id":137467,"depth":115,"text":137591},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137475,"depth":115,"text":137593},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137487,"depth":115,"text":137595},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137495,"depth":115,"text":137597},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137507,"depth":115,"text":137599},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136032,"description":137601},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137608,"title":137609,"body":137610,"description":139160,"extension":1981,"meta":139161,"navigation":111,"path":139162,"seo":139163,"stem":139164,"__hash__":139165},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137611,"toc":139121},[137612,137617,137622,137628,137643,137645,137705,137707,137716,137722,137727,137732,137734,137748,137752,137754,137801,137803,137821,137823,137826,137897,137899,137913,137916,137928,137937,137941,137946,137951,137955,138021,138023,138032,138036,138101,138103,138112,138115,138120,138124,138129,138133,138194,138196,138205,138209,138212,138268,138270,138279,138282,138295,138297,138301,138308,138370,138372,138385,138391,138394,138401,138406,138411,138414,138422,138424,138485,138487,138496,138499,138546,138549,138596,138598,138603,138620,138627,138632,138685,138687,138695,138697,138754,138756,138764,138768,138815,138817,138825,138833,138837,138885,138887,138896,138901,138952,138954,138963,138970,138973,138994,138996,139001,139004,139008,139011,139015,139018,139045,139051,139054,139081,139086,139088,139090,139118],[10,137613,123174,137615,18],{"id":137614},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137616,124345],{},[20,137618,123179,137619,137621],{},[15,137620,124345],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137623,137624,137625,137627],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137626,124345],{},". You will learn:",[233,137629,137630,137634,137637,137640],{},[236,137631,25819,137632,225],{},[15,137633,124345],{},[236,137635,137636],{},"how its syntax works",[236,137638,137639],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[236,137641,137642],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[219,137644,2022],{"id":2021},[41,137646,137648],{"className":43,"code":137647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137649,137650,137663,137695],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137651,137652,137654,137656,137658,137661],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137653,34492],{"class":56},[50,137655,61],{"class":60},[50,137657,81],{"class":68},[50,137659,137660],{"class":72},"I like cats",[50,137662,3384],{"class":68},[50,137664,137665,137667,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677,137679,137682,137684,137686,137688,137691,137693],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137666,130013],{"class":56},[50,137668,61],{"class":60},[50,137670,42653],{"class":56},[50,137672,129],{"class":64},[50,137674,34804],{"class":125},[50,137676,122],{"class":64},[50,137678,69],{"class":68},[50,137680,137681],{"class":72},"cats",[50,137683,69],{"class":68},[50,137685,89],{"class":64},[50,137687,81],{"class":68},[50,137689,137690],{"class":72},"dogs",[50,137692,69],{"class":68},[50,137694,414],{"class":64},[50,137696,137697,137699,137701,137703],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137698,119],{"class":118},[50,137700,122],{"class":64},[50,137702,130044],{"class":125},[50,137704,414],{"class":64},[20,137706,2091],{},[41,137708,137710],{"className":43,"code":137709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like dogs\n",[15,137711,137712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137713,137714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137715,137709],{"class":56},[20,137717,212,137718,137721],{},[15,137719,137720],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[219,137723,222,137725,225],{"id":137724},"what-replace-does",[15,137726,124345],{},[20,137728,137729,137731],{},[15,137730,124345],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137733,13060],{},[233,137735,137736,137738,137740,137743],{},[236,137737,133422],{},[236,137739,136140],{},[236,137741,137742],{},"It works on exact matches",[236,137744,137745,137746],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137747,41070],{},[20,137749,124926,137750,129],{},[380,137751,124929],{"href":50790},[219,137753,5454],{"id":5453},[41,137755,137757],{"className":43,"code":137756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137758,137759,137779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137760,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137772,137774,137777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137762,60992],{"class":56},[50,137764,129],{"class":64},[50,137766,34804],{"class":125},[50,137768,122],{"class":64},[50,137770,137771],{"class":125},"old",[50,137773,89],{"class":64},[50,137775,137776],{"class":125}," new",[50,137778,414],{"class":64},[50,137780,137781,137783,137785,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795,137797,137799],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137782,60992],{"class":56},[50,137784,129],{"class":64},[50,137786,34804],{"class":125},[50,137788,122],{"class":64},[50,137790,137771],{"class":125},[50,137792,89],{"class":64},[50,137794,137776],{"class":125},[50,137796,89],{"class":64},[50,137798,49416],{"class":125},[50,137800,414],{"class":64},[811,137802,17387],{"id":17386},[233,137804,137805,137810,137816],{},[236,137806,137807,137809],{},[15,137808,137771],{}," = the text to find",[236,137811,137812,137815],{},[15,137813,137814],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[236,137817,137818,137820],{},[15,137819,41070],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[219,137822,5811],{"id":5810},[20,137824,137825],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[41,137827,137829],{"className":43,"code":137828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137830,137831,137843,137873,137877,137887],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137832,137833,137835,137837,137839,137841],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137834,34492],{"class":56},[50,137836,61],{"class":60},[50,137838,81],{"class":68},[50,137840,137660],{"class":72},[50,137842,3384],{"class":68},[50,137844,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865,137867,137869,137871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137846,130013],{"class":56},[50,137848,61],{"class":60},[50,137850,42653],{"class":56},[50,137852,129],{"class":64},[50,137854,34804],{"class":125},[50,137856,122],{"class":64},[50,137858,69],{"class":68},[50,137860,137681],{"class":72},[50,137862,69],{"class":68},[50,137864,89],{"class":64},[50,137866,81],{"class":68},[50,137868,137690],{"class":72},[50,137870,69],{"class":68},[50,137872,414],{"class":64},[50,137874,137875],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137876,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137878,137879,137881,137883,137885],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,137880,119],{"class":118},[50,137882,122],{"class":64},[50,137884,34513],{"class":125},[50,137886,414],{"class":64},[50,137888,137889,137891,137893,137895],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,137890,119],{"class":118},[50,137892,122],{"class":64},[50,137894,130044],{"class":125},[50,137896,414],{"class":64},[20,137898,2091],{},[41,137900,137902],{"className":43,"code":137901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137903,137904,137909],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137905,137906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137907,137908],{"class":56},"I like cats\n",[50,137910,137911],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137912,137709],{"class":56},[20,137914,137915],{},"Notice what happened:",[233,137917,137918,137923],{},[236,137919,137920,137922],{},[15,137921,34513],{}," did not change",[236,137924,137925,137927],{},[15,137926,130044],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137929,137930,137931,137933,137934,137936],{},"This happens because strings are ",[997,137932,136809],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137935,124345],{}," return a new string instead.",[219,137938,137940],{"id":137939},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137942,89520,137943,137945],{},[15,137944,124345],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137947,137948,137949,36429],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137950,41070],{},[811,137952,137954],{"id":137953},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[41,137956,137958],{"className":43,"code":137957,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137959,137960,137973,138007,138011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137961,137962,137964,137966,137968,137971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137963,34492],{"class":56},[50,137965,61],{"class":60},[50,137967,81],{"class":68},[50,137969,137970],{"class":72},"cat cat cat",[50,137972,3384],{"class":68},[50,137974,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137976,2250],{"class":56},[50,137978,61],{"class":60},[50,137980,42653],{"class":56},[50,137982,129],{"class":64},[50,137984,34804],{"class":125},[50,137986,122],{"class":64},[50,137988,69],{"class":68},[50,137990,36855],{"class":72},[50,137992,69],{"class":68},[50,137994,89],{"class":64},[50,137996,81],{"class":68},[50,137998,57944],{"class":72},[50,138000,69],{"class":68},[50,138002,89],{"class":64},[50,138004,5521],{"class":101},[50,138006,414],{"class":64},[50,138008,138009],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138010,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138012,138013,138015,138017,138019],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,138014,119],{"class":118},[50,138016,122],{"class":64},[50,138018,2285],{"class":125},[50,138020,414],{"class":64},[20,138022,2091],{},[41,138024,138026],{"className":43,"code":138025,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138027,138028],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138029,138030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138031,138025],{"class":56},[811,138033,138035],{"id":138034},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[41,138037,138039],{"className":43,"code":138038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138040,138041,138053,138087,138091],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138042,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138044,34492],{"class":56},[50,138046,61],{"class":60},[50,138048,81],{"class":68},[50,138050,137970],{"class":72},[50,138052,3384],{"class":68},[50,138054,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063,138065,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077,138079,138081,138083,138085],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138056,2250],{"class":56},[50,138058,61],{"class":60},[50,138060,42653],{"class":56},[50,138062,129],{"class":64},[50,138064,34804],{"class":125},[50,138066,122],{"class":64},[50,138068,69],{"class":68},[50,138070,36855],{"class":72},[50,138072,69],{"class":68},[50,138074,89],{"class":64},[50,138076,81],{"class":68},[50,138078,57944],{"class":72},[50,138080,69],{"class":68},[50,138082,89],{"class":64},[50,138084,3016],{"class":101},[50,138086,414],{"class":64},[50,138088,138089],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138090,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138092,138093,138095,138097,138099],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,138094,119],{"class":118},[50,138096,122],{"class":64},[50,138098,2285],{"class":125},[50,138100,414],{"class":64},[20,138102,2091],{},[41,138104,138106],{"className":43,"code":138105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138107,138108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138109,138110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138111,138105],{"class":56},[20,138113,138114],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138116,138117,138118,129],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[380,138119,127898],{"href":124342},[219,138121,138123],{"id":138122},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138125,138126,138128],{},[15,138127,124345],{}," can also change single characters.",[811,138130,138132],{"id":138131},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[41,138134,138136],{"className":43,"code":138135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138137,138138,138150,138180,138184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138139,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138141,34492],{"class":56},[50,138143,61],{"class":60},[50,138145,81],{"class":68},[50,138147,4111],{"class":72},[50,138149,3384],{"class":68},[50,138151,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138153,2250],{"class":56},[50,138155,61],{"class":60},[50,138157,42653],{"class":56},[50,138159,129],{"class":64},[50,138161,34804],{"class":125},[50,138163,122],{"class":64},[50,138165,69],{"class":68},[50,138167,380],{"class":72},[50,138169,69],{"class":68},[50,138171,89],{"class":64},[50,138173,81],{"class":68},[50,138175,60291],{"class":72},[50,138177,69],{"class":68},[50,138179,414],{"class":64},[50,138181,138182],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138183,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138185,138186,138188,138190,138192],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,138187,119],{"class":118},[50,138189,122],{"class":64},[50,138191,2285],{"class":125},[50,138193,414],{"class":64},[20,138195,2091],{},[41,138197,138199],{"className":43,"code":138198,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bonono\n",[15,138200,138201],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138202,138203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138204,138198],{"class":56},[811,138206,138208],{"id":138207},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138210,138211],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[41,138213,138215],{"className":43,"code":138214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138216,138217,138230,138254,138258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138218,138219,138221,138223,138225,138228],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138220,34492],{"class":56},[50,138222,61],{"class":60},[50,138224,81],{"class":68},[50,138226,138227],{"class":72},"a b c",[50,138229,3384],{"class":68},[50,138231,138232,138234,138236,138238,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250,138252],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138233,2250],{"class":56},[50,138235,61],{"class":60},[50,138237,42653],{"class":56},[50,138239,129],{"class":64},[50,138241,34804],{"class":125},[50,138243,122],{"class":64},[50,138245,69],{"class":68},[50,138247,81],{"class":68},[50,138249,89],{"class":64},[50,138251,6150],{"class":68},[50,138253,414],{"class":64},[50,138255,138256],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138257,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138259,138260,138262,138264,138266],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,138261,119],{"class":118},[50,138263,122],{"class":64},[50,138265,2285],{"class":125},[50,138267,414],{"class":64},[20,138269,2091],{},[41,138271,138273],{"className":43,"code":138272,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abc\n",[15,138274,138275],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138276,138277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138278,138272],{"class":56},[20,138280,138281],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138283,138284,138285,138289,138290,138294],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[380,138286,126174,138287,1845],{"href":128861},[15,138288,60349],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[380,138291,126174,138292,1845],{"href":136744},[15,138293,41464],{}," is often a better choice.",[219,138296,123821],{"id":123820},[20,138298,138299,123632],{},[15,138300,124345],{},[20,138302,127219,138303,1846,138305,127226],{},[15,138304,112858],{},[15,138306,138307],{},"\"Cat\"",[41,138309,138311],{"className":43,"code":138310,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138312,138313,138326,138356,138360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138314,138315,138317,138319,138321,138324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138316,34492],{"class":56},[50,138318,61],{"class":60},[50,138320,81],{"class":68},[50,138322,138323],{"class":72},"Cat cat CAT",[50,138325,3384],{"class":68},[50,138327,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138329,2250],{"class":56},[50,138331,61],{"class":60},[50,138333,42653],{"class":56},[50,138335,129],{"class":64},[50,138337,34804],{"class":125},[50,138339,122],{"class":64},[50,138341,69],{"class":68},[50,138343,36855],{"class":72},[50,138345,69],{"class":68},[50,138347,89],{"class":64},[50,138349,81],{"class":68},[50,138351,57944],{"class":72},[50,138353,69],{"class":68},[50,138355,414],{"class":64},[50,138357,138358],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138359,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138361,138362,138364,138366,138368],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,138363,119],{"class":118},[50,138365,122],{"class":64},[50,138367,2285],{"class":125},[50,138369,414],{"class":64},[20,138371,2091],{},[41,138373,138375],{"className":43,"code":138374,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138376,138377],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138378,138379,138382],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138380,138381],{"class":56},"Cat dog ",[50,138383,138384],{"class":34257},"CAT\n",[20,138386,138387,138388,138390],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138389,112858],{}," was replaced.",[20,138392,138393],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138395,138396,138397,129],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[380,138398,126174,138399,1845],{"href":123901},[15,138400,123904],{},[219,138402,222,138404,11719],{"id":138403},"what-replace-returns",[15,138405,124345],{},[20,138407,138408,138410],{},[15,138409,124345],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138412,138413],{},"If no match is found:",[233,138415,138416,138419],{},[236,138417,138418],{},"no error happens",[236,138420,138421],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138423,253],{},[41,138425,138427],{"className":43,"code":138426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138428,138429,138441,138471,138475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138430,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138432,34492],{"class":56},[50,138434,61],{"class":60},[50,138436,81],{"class":68},[50,138438,3870],{"class":72},[50,138440,3384],{"class":68},[50,138442,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138444,2250],{"class":56},[50,138446,61],{"class":60},[50,138448,42653],{"class":56},[50,138450,129],{"class":64},[50,138452,34804],{"class":125},[50,138454,122],{"class":64},[50,138456,69],{"class":68},[50,138458,2194],{"class":72},[50,138460,69],{"class":68},[50,138462,89],{"class":64},[50,138464,81],{"class":68},[50,138466,11759],{"class":72},[50,138468,69],{"class":68},[50,138470,414],{"class":64},[50,138472,138473],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138474,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138476,138477,138479,138481,138483],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,138478,119],{"class":118},[50,138480,122],{"class":64},[50,138482,2285],{"class":125},[50,138484,414],{"class":64},[20,138486,2091],{},[41,138488,138490],{"className":43,"code":138489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello\n",[15,138491,138492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138493,138494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138495,138489],{"class":56},[20,138497,138498],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[41,138500,138502],{"className":43,"code":138501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138503,138504,138516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138505,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138507,34492],{"class":56},[50,138509,61],{"class":60},[50,138511,81],{"class":68},[50,138513,60224],{"class":72},[50,138515,3384],{"class":68},[50,138517,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138519,130013],{"class":56},[50,138521,61],{"class":60},[50,138523,42653],{"class":56},[50,138525,129],{"class":64},[50,138527,34804],{"class":125},[50,138529,122],{"class":64},[50,138531,69],{"class":68},[50,138533,60409],{"class":72},[50,138535,69],{"class":68},[50,138537,89],{"class":64},[50,138539,81],{"class":68},[50,138541,7322],{"class":72},[50,138543,69],{"class":68},[50,138545,414],{"class":64},[20,138547,138548],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[41,138550,138552],{"className":43,"code":138551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138553,138554,138566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138555,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138557,34492],{"class":56},[50,138559,61],{"class":60},[50,138561,81],{"class":68},[50,138563,60224],{"class":72},[50,138565,3384],{"class":68},[50,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138569,34492],{"class":56},[50,138571,61],{"class":60},[50,138573,42653],{"class":56},[50,138575,129],{"class":64},[50,138577,34804],{"class":125},[50,138579,122],{"class":64},[50,138581,69],{"class":68},[50,138583,60409],{"class":72},[50,138585,69],{"class":68},[50,138587,89],{"class":64},[50,138589,81],{"class":68},[50,138591,7322],{"class":72},[50,138593,69],{"class":68},[50,138595,414],{"class":64},[219,138597,4543],{"id":4542},[20,138599,138600,138601,78],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138602,124345],{},[233,138604,138605,138608,138612,138615],{},[236,138606,138607],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[236,138609,8480,138610,131394],{},[15,138611,124345],{},[236,138613,138614],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[236,138616,37012,138617,138619],{},[15,138618,124345],{}," with regex-based replacements",[811,138621,138623,138624,138626],{"id":138622},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138625,124345],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138628,138629,138630,78],{},"This does not update ",[15,138631,34513],{},[41,138633,138635],{"className":43,"code":138634,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138636,138637,138649,138675],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138638,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138640,34492],{"class":56},[50,138642,61],{"class":60},[50,138644,81],{"class":68},[50,138646,137660],{"class":72},[50,138648,3384],{"class":68},[50,138650,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138652,34513],{"class":56},[50,138654,129],{"class":64},[50,138656,34804],{"class":125},[50,138658,122],{"class":64},[50,138660,69],{"class":68},[50,138662,137681],{"class":72},[50,138664,69],{"class":68},[50,138666,89],{"class":64},[50,138668,81],{"class":68},[50,138670,137690],{"class":72},[50,138672,69],{"class":68},[50,138674,414],{"class":64},[50,138676,138677,138679,138681,138683],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138678,119],{"class":118},[50,138680,122],{"class":64},[50,138682,34513],{"class":125},[50,138684,414],{"class":64},[20,138686,2091],{},[41,138688,138689],{"className":43,"code":137908,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,138690,138691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138692,138693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138694,137908],{"class":56},[20,138696,10827],{},[41,138698,138700],{"className":43,"code":138699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138701,138702,138714,138744],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138703,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138705,34492],{"class":56},[50,138707,61],{"class":60},[50,138709,81],{"class":68},[50,138711,137660],{"class":72},[50,138713,3384],{"class":68},[50,138715,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138717,34492],{"class":56},[50,138719,61],{"class":60},[50,138721,42653],{"class":56},[50,138723,129],{"class":64},[50,138725,34804],{"class":125},[50,138727,122],{"class":64},[50,138729,69],{"class":68},[50,138731,137681],{"class":72},[50,138733,69],{"class":68},[50,138735,89],{"class":64},[50,138737,81],{"class":68},[50,138739,137690],{"class":72},[50,138741,69],{"class":68},[50,138743,414],{"class":64},[50,138745,138746,138748,138750,138752],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138747,119],{"class":118},[50,138749,122],{"class":64},[50,138751,34513],{"class":125},[50,138753,414],{"class":64},[20,138755,2091],{},[41,138757,138758],{"className":43,"code":137709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,138759,138760],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138761,138762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138763,137709],{"class":56},[811,138765,138767],{"id":138766},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[41,138769,138771],{"className":43,"code":138770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138772,138773,138785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138774,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138776,34492],{"class":56},[50,138778,61],{"class":60},[50,138780,81],{"class":68},[50,138782,34672],{"class":72},[50,138784,3384],{"class":68},[50,138786,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809,138811,138813],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138788,119],{"class":118},[50,138790,122],{"class":64},[50,138792,34513],{"class":125},[50,138794,129],{"class":64},[50,138796,34804],{"class":125},[50,138798,122],{"class":64},[50,138800,69],{"class":68},[50,138802,3870],{"class":72},[50,138804,69],{"class":68},[50,138806,89],{"class":64},[50,138808,81],{"class":68},[50,138810,89755],{"class":72},[50,138812,69],{"class":68},[50,138814,1770],{"class":64},[20,138816,2091],{},[41,138818,138819],{"className":43,"code":88768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,138820,138821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138822,138823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138824,88768],{"class":56},[20,138826,138827,138828,1846,138830,138832],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138829,64353],{},[15,138831,90237],{}," are not the same.",[811,138834,138836],{"id":138835},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[41,138838,138840],{"className":43,"code":138839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138841,138842,138855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138843,138844,138846,138848,138850,138853],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138845,34492],{"class":56},[50,138847,61],{"class":60},[50,138849,81],{"class":68},[50,138851,138852],{"class":72},"red red red",[50,138854,3384],{"class":68},[50,138856,138857,138859,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879,138881,138883],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138858,119],{"class":118},[50,138860,122],{"class":64},[50,138862,34513],{"class":125},[50,138864,129],{"class":64},[50,138866,34804],{"class":125},[50,138868,122],{"class":64},[50,138870,69],{"class":68},[50,138872,13101],{"class":72},[50,138874,69],{"class":68},[50,138876,89],{"class":64},[50,138878,81],{"class":68},[50,138880,13118],{"class":72},[50,138882,69],{"class":68},[50,138884,1770],{"class":64},[20,138886,2091],{},[41,138888,138890],{"className":43,"code":138889,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138891,138892],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138893,138894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138895,138889],{"class":56},[20,138897,138898,138899,78],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138900,41070],{},[41,138902,138904],{"className":43,"code":138903,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138905,138906,138918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138907,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138909,34492],{"class":56},[50,138911,61],{"class":60},[50,138913,81],{"class":68},[50,138915,138852],{"class":72},[50,138917,3384],{"class":68},[50,138919,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946,138948,138950],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138921,119],{"class":118},[50,138923,122],{"class":64},[50,138925,34513],{"class":125},[50,138927,129],{"class":64},[50,138929,34804],{"class":125},[50,138931,122],{"class":64},[50,138933,69],{"class":68},[50,138935,13101],{"class":72},[50,138937,69],{"class":68},[50,138939,89],{"class":64},[50,138941,81],{"class":68},[50,138943,13118],{"class":72},[50,138945,69],{"class":68},[50,138947,89],{"class":64},[50,138949,5521],{"class":101},[50,138951,1770],{"class":64},[20,138953,2091],{},[41,138955,138957],{"className":43,"code":138956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue red red\n",[15,138958,138959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138960,138961],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138962,138956],{"class":56},[811,138964,138966,138967,138969],{"id":138965},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138968,124345],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138971,138972],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[233,138974,138975,138982,138989],{},[236,138976,212,138977,138981],{},[380,138978,138979],{"href":128861},[15,138980,60349],{}," to break a string into a list",[236,138983,212,138984,138988],{},[380,138985,138986],{"href":136744},[15,138987,41464],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[236,138990,212,138991,138993],{},[15,138992,124345],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[219,138995,1857],{"id":1856},[811,138997,1861,138999,124501],{"id":138998},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139000,124345],{},[20,139002,139003],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[811,139005,139007],{"id":139006},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139009,139010],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[811,139012,139014],{"id":139013},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139016,139017],{},"Use the third argument:",[41,139019,139021],{"className":43,"code":139020,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139022,139023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139024,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139026,34513],{"class":56},[50,139028,129],{"class":64},[50,139030,34804],{"class":125},[50,139032,122],{"class":64},[50,139034,137771],{"class":125},[50,139036,89],{"class":64},[50,139038,137776],{"class":125},[50,139040,89],{"class":64},[50,139042,5521],{"class":101},[50,139044,414],{"class":64},[811,139046,5192,139048,139050],{"id":139047},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139049,124345],{}," remove text?",[20,139052,139053],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[41,139055,139057],{"className":43,"code":139056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139058,139059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139060,139061,139063,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139062,34513],{"class":56},[50,139064,129],{"class":64},[50,139066,34804],{"class":125},[50,139068,122],{"class":64},[50,139070,69],{"class":68},[50,139072,2194],{"class":72},[50,139074,69],{"class":68},[50,139076,89],{"class":64},[50,139078,6150],{"class":68},[50,139080,414],{"class":64},[811,139082,14907,139084,124510],{"id":139083},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139085,124345],{},[20,139087,129703],{},[219,139089,1909],{"id":1908},[233,139091,139092,139096,139102,139108,139114],{},[236,139093,139094],{},[380,139095,124580],{"href":124342},[236,139097,139098],{},[380,139099,126174,139100,1845],{"href":128861},[15,139101,60349],{},[236,139103,139104],{},[380,139105,126174,139106,1845],{"href":136744},[15,139107,41464],{},[236,139109,139110],{},[380,139111,126174,139112,1845],{"href":123901},[15,139113,123904],{},[236,139115,139116],{},[380,139117,124929],{"href":50790},[1944,139119,139120],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":139122},[139123,139124,139126,139129,139130,139134,139138,139139,139141,139149,139159],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":137724,"depth":108,"text":139125},"What replace() does",{"id":5453,"depth":108,"text":5454,"children":139127},[139128],{"id":17386,"depth":115,"text":17387},{"id":5810,"depth":108,"text":5811},{"id":137939,"depth":108,"text":137940,"children":139131},[139132,139133],{"id":137953,"depth":115,"text":137954},{"id":138034,"depth":115,"text":138035},{"id":138122,"depth":108,"text":138123,"children":139135},[139136,139137],{"id":138131,"depth":115,"text":138132},{"id":138207,"depth":115,"text":138208},{"id":123820,"depth":108,"text":123821},{"id":138403,"depth":108,"text":139140},"What replace() returns",{"id":4542,"depth":108,"text":4543,"children":139142},[139143,139145,139146,139147],{"id":138622,"depth":115,"text":139144},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138766,"depth":115,"text":138767},{"id":138835,"depth":115,"text":138836},{"id":138965,"depth":115,"text":139148},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":139150},[139151,139153,139154,139155,139157],{"id":138998,"depth":115,"text":139152},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139006,"depth":115,"text":139007},{"id":139013,"depth":115,"text":139014},{"id":139047,"depth":115,"text":139156},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139083,"depth":115,"text":139158},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137609,"description":139160},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139167,"title":139168,"body":139169,"description":141188,"extension":1981,"meta":141189,"navigation":111,"path":141190,"seo":141191,"stem":141192,"__hash__":141193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139170,"toc":141152},[139171,139176,139181,139184,139195,139197,139252,139257,139262,139269,139271,139286,139288,139344,139346,139384,139389,139391,139415,139418,139431,139436,139438,139470,139472,139505,139511,139516,139519,139529,139532,139534,139590,139592,139642,139645,139653,139656,139712,139714,139787,139800,139808,139812,139823,139826,139829,139882,139884,139916,139919,139973,139975,140010,140013,140018,140023,140028,140031,140033,140091,140093,140127,140129,140144,140147,140149,140191,140193,140219,140224,140232,140235,140237,140319,140321,140372,140375,140386,140394,140396,140469,140471,140489,140493,140496,140500,140527,140529,140537,140541,140576,140578,140591,140595,140598,140637,140639,140656,140661,140666,140677,140680,140691,140693,140695,140721,140724,140773,140775,140792,140795,140797,140849,140851,140883,140886,140944,140949,140951,140956,141059,141061,141075,141077,141084,141089,141094,141099,141104,141109,141112,141116,141121,141123,141149],[10,139172,123174,139174,18],{"id":139173},"python-string-split-method",[15,139175,60349],{},[20,139177,123179,139178,139180],{},[15,139179,60349],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139182,139183],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[233,139185,139186,139189,139192],{},[236,139187,139188],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[236,139190,139191],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[236,139193,139194],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[219,139196,2022],{"id":2021},[41,139198,139200],{"className":43,"code":139199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139201,139202,139215,139237,139247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139203,139204,139206,139208,139210,139213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139205,34492],{"class":56},[50,139207,61],{"class":60},[50,139209,81],{"class":68},[50,139211,139212],{"class":72},"apple,banana,cherry",[50,139214,3384],{"class":68},[50,139216,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139218,42648],{"class":56},[50,139220,61],{"class":60},[50,139222,42653],{"class":56},[50,139224,129],{"class":64},[50,139226,34273],{"class":125},[50,139228,122],{"class":64},[50,139230,69],{"class":68},[50,139232,89],{"class":72},[50,139234,69],{"class":68},[50,139236,414],{"class":64},[50,139238,139239,139241,139243,139245],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139240,119],{"class":118},[50,139242,122],{"class":64},[50,139244,42680],{"class":125},[50,139246,414],{"class":64},[50,139248,139249],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,139250,139251],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139253,212,139254,139256],{},[15,139255,60349],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[219,139258,222,139260,225],{"id":139259},"what-split-does",[15,139261,60349],{},[20,139263,139264,132222,139266,129],{},[15,139265,60349],{},[997,139267,139268],{},"string method",[20,139270,48741],{},[233,139272,139273,139276,139281],{},[236,139274,139275],{},"divides a string into parts",[236,139277,119476,139278],{},[997,139279,139280],{},"new list of strings",[236,139282,119482,139283,139285],{},[997,139284,1262],{}," change the original string",[20,139287,253],{},[41,139289,139291],{"className":43,"code":139290,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139292,139293,139306,139320,139324,139334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139294,139295,139297,139299,139301,139304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139296,34492],{"class":56},[50,139298,61],{"class":60},[50,139300,81],{"class":68},[50,139302,139303],{"class":72},"red blue green",[50,139305,3384],{"class":68},[50,139307,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139309,42648],{"class":56},[50,139311,61],{"class":60},[50,139313,42653],{"class":56},[50,139315,129],{"class":64},[50,139317,34273],{"class":125},[50,139319,8671],{"class":64},[50,139321,139322],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139323,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139325,139326,139328,139330,139332],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,139327,119],{"class":118},[50,139329,122],{"class":64},[50,139331,34513],{"class":125},[50,139333,414],{"class":64},[50,139335,139336,139338,139340,139342],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,139337,119],{"class":118},[50,139339,122],{"class":64},[50,139341,42680],{"class":125},[50,139343,414],{"class":64},[20,139345,2091],{},[41,139347,139349],{"className":43,"code":139348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139350,139351,139356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139352,139353],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139354,139355],{"class":56},"red blue green\n",[50,139357,139358,139360,139362,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139359,779],{"class":64},[50,139361,1736],{"class":68},[50,139363,13101],{"class":72},[50,139365,1736],{"class":68},[50,139367,89],{"class":64},[50,139369,3321],{"class":68},[50,139371,13118],{"class":72},[50,139373,1736],{"class":68},[50,139375,89],{"class":64},[50,139377,3321],{"class":68},[50,139379,17448],{"class":72},[50,139381,1736],{"class":68},[50,139383,788],{"class":64},[20,139385,139386,139387,129],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[380,139388,124929],{"href":50790},[219,139390,387],{"id":386},[41,139392,139394],{"className":43,"code":139393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139395,139396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139397,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139413],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139399,60992],{"class":56},[50,139401,129],{"class":64},[50,139403,34273],{"class":125},[50,139405,122],{"class":64},[50,139407,133578],{"class":125},[50,139409,89],{"class":64},[50,139411,139412],{"class":125}," maxsplit",[50,139414,414],{"class":64},[20,139416,139417],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[233,139419,139420,139425],{},[236,139421,139422,139424],{},[15,139423,133578],{}," tells Python where to split",[236,139426,139427,139430],{},[15,139428,139429],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139432,8904,139433,139435],{},[15,139434,133578],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139437,253],{},[41,139439,139441],{"className":43,"code":139440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139442,139443,139456],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139444,139445,139447,139449,139451,139454],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139446,34492],{"class":56},[50,139448,61],{"class":60},[50,139450,81],{"class":68},[50,139452,139453],{"class":72},"one two three",[50,139455,3384],{"class":68},[50,139457,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139459,119],{"class":118},[50,139461,122],{"class":64},[50,139463,34513],{"class":125},[50,139465,129],{"class":64},[50,139467,34273],{"class":125},[50,139469,1727],{"class":64},[20,139471,2091],{},[41,139473,139475],{"className":43,"code":139474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139476,139477],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139478,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139480,779],{"class":64},[50,139482,1736],{"class":68},[50,139484,6610],{"class":72},[50,139486,1736],{"class":68},[50,139488,89],{"class":64},[50,139490,3321],{"class":68},[50,139492,79090],{"class":72},[50,139494,1736],{"class":68},[50,139496,89],{"class":64},[50,139498,3321],{"class":68},[50,139500,134060],{"class":72},[50,139502,1736],{"class":68},[50,139504,788],{"class":64},[219,139506,8444,139508,139510],{"id":139507},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139509,60349],{}," with no separator",[20,139512,69993,139513,139515],{},[15,139514,60349],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139517,139518],{},"Whitespace includes:",[233,139520,139521,139523,139526],{},[236,139522,10475],{},[236,139524,139525],{},"tabs",[236,139527,139528],{},"new lines",[20,139530,139531],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139533,253],{},[41,139535,139537],{"className":43,"code":139536,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139538,139539,139562,139576,139580],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139540,139541,139543,139545,139547,139550,139553,139555,139557,139560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139542,34492],{"class":56},[50,139544,61],{"class":60},[50,139546,81],{"class":68},[50,139548,139549],{"class":72},"Python   is",[50,139551,139552],{"class":34257},"\\t",[50,139554,133314],{"class":72},[50,139556,86972],{"class":34257},[50,139558,139559],{"class":72},"and useful",[50,139561,3384],{"class":68},[50,139563,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139565,42648],{"class":56},[50,139567,61],{"class":60},[50,139569,42653],{"class":56},[50,139571,129],{"class":64},[50,139573,34273],{"class":125},[50,139575,8671],{"class":64},[50,139577,139578],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139579,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139581,139582,139584,139586,139588],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,139583,119],{"class":118},[50,139585,122],{"class":64},[50,139587,42680],{"class":125},[50,139589,414],{"class":64},[20,139591,2091],{},[41,139593,139595],{"className":43,"code":139594,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139596,139597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139598,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139638,139640],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139600,779],{"class":64},[50,139602,1736],{"class":68},[50,139604,7322],{"class":72},[50,139606,1736],{"class":68},[50,139608,89],{"class":64},[50,139610,3321],{"class":68},[50,139612,12207],{"class":72},[50,139614,1736],{"class":68},[50,139616,89],{"class":64},[50,139618,3321],{"class":68},[50,139620,133314],{"class":72},[50,139622,1736],{"class":68},[50,139624,89],{"class":64},[50,139626,3321],{"class":68},[50,139628,129939],{"class":72},[50,139630,1736],{"class":68},[50,139632,89],{"class":64},[50,139634,3321],{"class":68},[50,139636,139637],{"class":72},"useful",[50,139639,1736],{"class":68},[50,139641,788],{"class":64},[20,139643,139644],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[811,139646,139648,10608,139650],{"id":139647},"split-vs-split",[15,139649,60349],{},[15,139651,139652],{},"split(' ')",[20,139654,139655],{},"These are not the same.",[41,139657,139659],{"className":43,"code":139658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139660,139661,139674,139678,139692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139662,139663,139665,139667,139669,139672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139664,34492],{"class":56},[50,139666,61],{"class":60},[50,139668,81],{"class":68},[50,139670,139671],{"class":72},"a  b   c",[50,139673,3384],{"class":68},[50,139675,139676],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139677,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139679,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139681,119],{"class":118},[50,139683,122],{"class":64},[50,139685,34513],{"class":125},[50,139687,129],{"class":64},[50,139689,34273],{"class":125},[50,139691,1727],{"class":64},[50,139693,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,139695,119],{"class":118},[50,139697,122],{"class":64},[50,139699,34513],{"class":125},[50,139701,129],{"class":64},[50,139703,34273],{"class":125},[50,139705,122],{"class":64},[50,139707,69],{"class":68},[50,139709,81],{"class":68},[50,139711,1770],{"class":64},[20,139713,2091],{},[41,139715,139717],{"className":43,"code":139716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139718,139719,139747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139720,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139745],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139722,779],{"class":64},[50,139724,1736],{"class":68},[50,139726,380],{"class":72},[50,139728,1736],{"class":68},[50,139730,89],{"class":64},[50,139732,3321],{"class":68},[50,139734,4784],{"class":72},[50,139736,1736],{"class":68},[50,139738,89],{"class":64},[50,139740,3321],{"class":68},[50,139742,9763],{"class":72},[50,139744,1736],{"class":68},[50,139746,788],{"class":64},[50,139748,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139750,779],{"class":64},[50,139752,1736],{"class":68},[50,139754,380],{"class":72},[50,139756,1736],{"class":68},[50,139758,89],{"class":64},[50,139760,3863],{"class":68},[50,139762,89],{"class":64},[50,139764,3321],{"class":68},[50,139766,4784],{"class":72},[50,139768,1736],{"class":68},[50,139770,89],{"class":64},[50,139772,3863],{"class":68},[50,139774,89],{"class":64},[50,139776,3863],{"class":68},[50,139778,89],{"class":64},[50,139780,3321],{"class":68},[50,139782,9763],{"class":72},[50,139784,1736],{"class":68},[50,139786,788],{"class":64},[233,139788,139789,139794],{},[236,139790,139791,139793],{},[15,139792,60349],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[236,139795,139796,139799],{},[15,139797,139798],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139801,139802,139803,139807],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[380,139804,126174,139805,1845],{"href":136744},[15,139806,41464],{}," is often useful.",[219,139809,139811],{"id":139810},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139813,139814,139815,32,139818,2213,139820,129],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139816,139817],{},"\",\"",[15,139819,133413],{},[15,139821,139822],{},"\"::\"",[20,139824,139825],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139827,139828],{},"Example with commas:",[41,139830,139832],{"className":43,"code":139831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139833,139834,139846,139868,139872],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139835,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139837,34492],{"class":56},[50,139839,61],{"class":60},[50,139841,81],{"class":68},[50,139843,139212],{"class":72},[50,139845,3384],{"class":68},[50,139847,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139849,42648],{"class":56},[50,139851,61],{"class":60},[50,139853,42653],{"class":56},[50,139855,129],{"class":64},[50,139857,34273],{"class":125},[50,139859,122],{"class":64},[50,139861,69],{"class":68},[50,139863,89],{"class":72},[50,139865,69],{"class":68},[50,139867,414],{"class":64},[50,139869,139870],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139871,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139873,139874,139876,139878,139880],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,139875,119],{"class":118},[50,139877,122],{"class":64},[50,139879,42680],{"class":125},[50,139881,414],{"class":64},[20,139883,2091],{},[41,139885,139886],{"className":43,"code":78269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,139887,139888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139889,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139891,779],{"class":64},[50,139893,1736],{"class":68},[50,139895,4102],{"class":72},[50,139897,1736],{"class":68},[50,139899,89],{"class":64},[50,139901,3321],{"class":68},[50,139903,4111],{"class":72},[50,139905,1736],{"class":68},[50,139907,89],{"class":64},[50,139909,3321],{"class":68},[50,139911,4120],{"class":72},[50,139913,1736],{"class":68},[50,139915,788],{"class":64},[20,139917,139918],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[41,139920,139922],{"className":43,"code":139921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139923,139924,139937,139959,139963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139925,139926,139928,139930,139932,139935],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139927,34492],{"class":56},[50,139929,61],{"class":60},[50,139931,81],{"class":68},[50,139933,139934],{"class":72},"2024::10::31",[50,139936,3384],{"class":68},[50,139938,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139940,42648],{"class":56},[50,139942,61],{"class":60},[50,139944,42653],{"class":56},[50,139946,129],{"class":64},[50,139948,34273],{"class":125},[50,139950,122],{"class":64},[50,139952,69],{"class":68},[50,139954,76486],{"class":72},[50,139956,69],{"class":68},[50,139958,414],{"class":64},[50,139960,139961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139962,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139964,139965,139967,139969,139971],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,139966,119],{"class":118},[50,139968,122],{"class":64},[50,139970,42680],{"class":125},[50,139972,414],{"class":64},[20,139974,2091],{},[41,139976,139978],{"className":43,"code":139977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139979,139980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139981,139982,139984,139986,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140006,140008],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139983,779],{"class":64},[50,139985,1736],{"class":68},[50,139987,139988],{"class":72},"2024",[50,139990,1736],{"class":68},[50,139992,89],{"class":64},[50,139994,3321],{"class":68},[50,139996,2352],{"class":72},[50,139998,1736],{"class":68},[50,140000,89],{"class":64},[50,140002,3321],{"class":68},[50,140004,140005],{"class":72},"31",[50,140007,1736],{"class":68},[50,140009,788],{"class":64},[20,140011,140012],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140014,140015,140016,129],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[380,140017,128858],{"href":128857},[219,140019,8444,140021],{"id":140020},"using-maxsplit",[15,140022,139429],{},[20,140024,140025,140027],{},[15,140026,139429],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140029,140030],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140032,253],{},[41,140034,140036],{"className":43,"code":140035,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140037,140038,140051,140077,140081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140039,140040,140042,140044,140046,140049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140041,34492],{"class":56},[50,140043,61],{"class":60},[50,140045,81],{"class":68},[50,140047,140048],{"class":72},"name:age:city:country",[50,140050,3384],{"class":68},[50,140052,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140054,42648],{"class":56},[50,140056,61],{"class":60},[50,140058,42653],{"class":56},[50,140060,129],{"class":64},[50,140062,34273],{"class":125},[50,140064,122],{"class":64},[50,140066,69],{"class":68},[50,140068,78],{"class":72},[50,140070,69],{"class":68},[50,140072,89],{"class":64},[50,140074,3016],{"class":101},[50,140076,414],{"class":64},[50,140078,140079],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140080,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140082,140083,140085,140087,140089],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,140084,119],{"class":118},[50,140086,122],{"class":64},[50,140088,42680],{"class":125},[50,140090,414],{"class":64},[20,140092,2091],{},[41,140094,140096],{"className":43,"code":140095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140097,140098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140099,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140123,140125],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140101,779],{"class":64},[50,140103,1736],{"class":68},[50,140105,73],{"class":72},[50,140107,1736],{"class":68},[50,140109,89],{"class":64},[50,140111,3321],{"class":68},[50,140113,94],{"class":72},[50,140115,1736],{"class":68},[50,140117,89],{"class":64},[50,140119,3321],{"class":68},[50,140121,140122],{"class":72},"city:country",[50,140124,1736],{"class":68},[50,140126,788],{"class":64},[20,140128,2199],{},[233,140130,140131,140136,140141],{},[236,140132,140133,140134],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140135,78],{},[236,140137,140138,140139],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140140,78],{},[236,140142,140143],{},"then stops",[20,140145,140146],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140148,51895],{},[41,140150,140152],{"className":43,"code":140151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140153,140154,140167],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140155,140156,140158,140160,140162,140165],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140157,34492],{"class":56},[50,140159,61],{"class":60},[50,140161,81],{"class":68},[50,140163,140164],{"class":72},"apple banana cherry grape",[50,140166,3384],{"class":68},[50,140168,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140170,119],{"class":118},[50,140172,122],{"class":64},[50,140174,34513],{"class":125},[50,140176,129],{"class":64},[50,140178,34273],{"class":125},[50,140180,122],{"class":64},[50,140182,69],{"class":68},[50,140184,81],{"class":68},[50,140186,89],{"class":64},[50,140188,5521],{"class":101},[50,140190,1770],{"class":64},[20,140192,2091],{},[41,140194,140196],{"className":43,"code":140195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140197,140198],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140199,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140215,140217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140201,779],{"class":64},[50,140203,1736],{"class":68},[50,140205,4102],{"class":72},[50,140207,1736],{"class":68},[50,140209,89],{"class":64},[50,140211,3321],{"class":68},[50,140213,140214],{"class":72},"banana cherry grape",[50,140216,1736],{"class":68},[50,140218,788],{"class":64},[219,140220,222,140222,11719],{"id":140221},"what-split-returns",[15,140223,60349],{},[20,140225,140226,140227,140229,140230,129],{},"The result of ",[15,140228,60349],{}," is always a ",[997,140231,8119],{},[20,140233,140234],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140236,253],{},[41,140238,140240],{"className":43,"code":140239,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140241,140242,140255,140277,140281,140291,140305],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140243,140244,140246,140248,140250,140253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140245,34492],{"class":56},[50,140247,61],{"class":60},[50,140249,81],{"class":68},[50,140251,140252],{"class":72},"cat,dog,bird",[50,140254,3384],{"class":68},[50,140256,140257,140259,140261,140263,140265,140267,140269,140271,140273,140275],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140258,42648],{"class":56},[50,140260,61],{"class":60},[50,140262,42653],{"class":56},[50,140264,129],{"class":64},[50,140266,34273],{"class":125},[50,140268,122],{"class":64},[50,140270,69],{"class":68},[50,140272,89],{"class":72},[50,140274,69],{"class":68},[50,140276,414],{"class":64},[50,140278,140279],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140280,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140282,140283,140285,140287,140289],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,140284,119],{"class":118},[50,140286,122],{"class":64},[50,140288,42680],{"class":125},[50,140290,414],{"class":64},[50,140292,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,140294,119],{"class":118},[50,140296,122],{"class":64},[50,140298,1780],{"class":1779},[50,140300,122],{"class":64},[50,140302,42680],{"class":125},[50,140304,1770],{"class":64},[50,140306,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315,140317],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,140308,119],{"class":118},[50,140310,122],{"class":64},[50,140312,42680],{"class":125},[50,140314,779],{"class":64},[50,140316,1215],{"class":101},[50,140318,3911],{"class":64},[20,140320,2091],{},[41,140322,140324],{"className":43,"code":140323,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140325,140326,140354,140368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140327,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140329,779],{"class":64},[50,140331,1736],{"class":68},[50,140333,36855],{"class":72},[50,140335,1736],{"class":68},[50,140337,89],{"class":64},[50,140339,3321],{"class":68},[50,140341,57944],{"class":72},[50,140343,1736],{"class":68},[50,140345,89],{"class":64},[50,140347,3321],{"class":68},[50,140349,57961],{"class":72},[50,140351,1736],{"class":68},[50,140353,788],{"class":64},[50,140355,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140357,3315],{"class":60},[50,140359,3318],{"class":2085},[50,140361,3321],{"class":68},[50,140363,8119],{"class":72},[50,140365,1736],{"class":68},[50,140367,3328],{"class":60},[50,140369,140370],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140371,85288],{"class":56},[20,140373,140374],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[233,140376,140377,140380,140383],{},[236,140378,140379],{},"loop over it",[236,140381,140382],{},"access items by index",[236,140384,140385],{},"combine items again later",[20,140387,140388,140389,129],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[380,140390,126174,140392,1845],{"href":140391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140393,133256],{},[20,140395,253],{},[41,140397,140399],{"className":43,"code":140398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140400,140401,140433,140455,140459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140402,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140404,42648],{"class":56},[50,140406,61],{"class":60},[50,140408,3652],{"class":64},[50,140410,1736],{"class":68},[50,140412,36855],{"class":72},[50,140414,1736],{"class":68},[50,140416,89],{"class":64},[50,140418,3321],{"class":68},[50,140420,57944],{"class":72},[50,140422,1736],{"class":68},[50,140424,89],{"class":64},[50,140426,3321],{"class":68},[50,140428,57961],{"class":72},[50,140430,1736],{"class":68},[50,140432,788],{"class":64},[50,140434,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140436,34492],{"class":56},[50,140438,61],{"class":60},[50,140440,81],{"class":68},[50,140442,2041],{"class":72},[50,140444,69],{"class":68},[50,140446,129],{"class":64},[50,140448,133333],{"class":125},[50,140450,122],{"class":64},[50,140452,42680],{"class":125},[50,140454,414],{"class":64},[50,140456,140457],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140458,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140460,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,140462,119],{"class":118},[50,140464,122],{"class":64},[50,140466,34513],{"class":125},[50,140468,414],{"class":64},[20,140470,2091],{},[41,140472,140474],{"className":43,"code":140473,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140475,140476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140477,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140479,36855],{"class":56},[50,140481,2041],{"class":60},[50,140483,57944],{"class":56},[50,140485,2041],{"class":60},[50,140487,140488],{"class":56},"bird\n",[219,140490,140492],{"id":140491},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140494,140495],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[811,140497,140499],{"id":140498},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[41,140501,140503],{"className":43,"code":140502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140504,140505,140513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140506,140507,140509,140511],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140508,34492],{"class":56},[50,140510,61],{"class":60},[50,140512,7908],{"class":68},[50,140514,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140516,119],{"class":118},[50,140518,122],{"class":64},[50,140520,34513],{"class":125},[50,140522,129],{"class":64},[50,140524,34273],{"class":125},[50,140526,1727],{"class":64},[20,140528,2091],{},[41,140530,140531],{"className":43,"code":38106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,140532,140533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140534,140535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140536,38106],{"class":64},[811,140538,140540],{"id":140539},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[41,140542,140544],{"className":43,"code":140543,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140545,140546,140554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140547,140548,140550,140552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140549,34492],{"class":56},[50,140551,61],{"class":60},[50,140553,7908],{"class":68},[50,140555,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140557,119],{"class":118},[50,140559,122],{"class":64},[50,140561,34513],{"class":125},[50,140563,129],{"class":64},[50,140565,34273],{"class":125},[50,140567,122],{"class":64},[50,140569,69],{"class":68},[50,140571,89],{"class":72},[50,140573,69],{"class":68},[50,140575,1770],{"class":64},[20,140577,2091],{},[41,140579,140581],{"className":43,"code":140580,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['']\n",[15,140582,140583],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140584,140585,140587,140589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140586,779],{"class":64},[50,140588,3801],{"class":68},[50,140590,788],{"class":64},[811,140592,140594],{"id":140593},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140596,140597],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[41,140599,140601],{"className":43,"code":140600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140602,140603,140615],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140604,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140606,34492],{"class":56},[50,140608,61],{"class":60},[50,140610,81],{"class":68},[50,140612,3870],{"class":72},[50,140614,3384],{"class":68},[50,140616,140617,140619,140621,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140618,119],{"class":118},[50,140620,122],{"class":64},[50,140622,34513],{"class":125},[50,140624,129],{"class":64},[50,140626,34273],{"class":125},[50,140628,122],{"class":64},[50,140630,69],{"class":68},[50,140632,89],{"class":72},[50,140634,69],{"class":68},[50,140636,1770],{"class":64},[20,140638,2091],{},[41,140640,140642],{"className":43,"code":140641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['hello']\n",[15,140643,140644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140645,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140647,779],{"class":64},[50,140649,1736],{"class":68},[50,140651,3870],{"class":72},[50,140653,1736],{"class":68},[50,140655,788],{"class":64},[219,140657,582,140659],{"id":140658},"when-to-use-split",[15,140660,60349],{},[20,140662,212,140663,140665],{},[15,140664,60349],{}," when you need to:",[233,140667,140668,140671,140674],{},[236,140669,140670],{},"split a sentence into words",[236,140672,140673],{},"split comma-separated values",[236,140675,140676],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140678,140679],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[233,140681,140682,140685,140688],{},[236,140683,140684],{},"cleaning text",[236,140686,140687],{},"parsing user input",[236,140689,140690],{},"processing simple file content",[219,140692,1663],{"id":1662},[20,140694,84059],{},[233,140696,140697,140701,140707,140710,140718],{},[236,140698,50320,140699,131394],{},[15,140700,60349],{},[236,140702,140703,140704,140706],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140705,60349],{}," returns a list, not a string",[236,140708,140709],{},"using the wrong separator",[236,140711,140712,140713,140715,140716],{},"assuming ",[15,140714,139652],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140717,60349],{},[236,140719,140720],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140722,140723],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[41,140725,140727],{"className":43,"code":140726,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140728,140729,140741,140759,140763],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140730,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140732,34492],{"class":56},[50,140734,61],{"class":60},[50,140736,81],{"class":68},[50,140738,42641],{"class":72},[50,140740,3384],{"class":68},[50,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140744,34513],{"class":56},[50,140746,129],{"class":64},[50,140748,34273],{"class":125},[50,140750,122],{"class":64},[50,140752,69],{"class":68},[50,140754,89],{"class":72},[50,140756,69],{"class":68},[50,140758,414],{"class":64},[50,140760,140761],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140762,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140764,140765,140767,140769,140771],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,140766,119],{"class":118},[50,140768,122],{"class":64},[50,140770,34513],{"class":125},[50,140772,414],{"class":64},[20,140774,2091],{},[41,140776,140778],{"className":43,"code":140777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a,b,c\n",[15,140779,140780],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140781,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140783,380],{"class":56},[50,140785,89],{"class":64},[50,140787,4784],{"class":56},[50,140789,89],{"class":64},[50,140791,69065],{"class":56},[20,140793,140794],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140796,10827],{},[41,140798,140799],{"className":43,"code":42628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,140800,140801,140813,140835,140839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140802,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140804,34492],{"class":56},[50,140806,61],{"class":60},[50,140808,81],{"class":68},[50,140810,42641],{"class":72},[50,140812,3384],{"class":68},[50,140814,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140816,42648],{"class":56},[50,140818,61],{"class":60},[50,140820,42653],{"class":56},[50,140822,129],{"class":64},[50,140824,34273],{"class":125},[50,140826,122],{"class":64},[50,140828,69],{"class":68},[50,140830,89],{"class":72},[50,140832,69],{"class":68},[50,140834,414],{"class":64},[50,140836,140837],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140838,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140840,140841,140843,140845,140847],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,140842,119],{"class":118},[50,140844,122],{"class":64},[50,140846,42680],{"class":125},[50,140848,414],{"class":64},[20,140850,2091],{},[41,140852,140853],{"className":43,"code":42687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,140854,140855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140856,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140858,779],{"class":64},[50,140860,1736],{"class":68},[50,140862,380],{"class":72},[50,140864,1736],{"class":68},[50,140866,89],{"class":64},[50,140868,3321],{"class":68},[50,140870,4784],{"class":72},[50,140872,1736],{"class":68},[50,140874,89],{"class":64},[50,140876,3321],{"class":68},[50,140878,9763],{"class":72},[50,140880,1736],{"class":68},[50,140882,788],{"class":64},[20,140884,140885],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[41,140887,140889],{"className":43,"code":140888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140890,140891,140904,140926,140930],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140892,140893,140895,140897,140899,140902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140894,34492],{"class":56},[50,140896,61],{"class":60},[50,140898,81],{"class":68},[50,140900,140901],{"class":72},"apple,banana",[50,140903,3384],{"class":68},[50,140905,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140907,42648],{"class":56},[50,140909,61],{"class":60},[50,140911,42653],{"class":56},[50,140913,129],{"class":64},[50,140915,34273],{"class":125},[50,140917,122],{"class":64},[50,140919,69],{"class":68},[50,140921,89],{"class":72},[50,140923,69],{"class":68},[50,140925,414],{"class":64},[50,140927,140928],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140929,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140931,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,140933,119],{"class":118},[50,140935,122],{"class":64},[50,140937,42680],{"class":125},[50,140939,779],{"class":64},[50,140941,2076],{"class":101},[50,140943,3911],{"class":64},[20,140945,140946,140947,129],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[380,140948,69078],{"href":69077},[811,140950,60528],{"id":60527},[20,140952,8904,140953,140955],{},[15,140954,60349],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[41,140957,140959],{"className":43,"code":140958,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140960,140961,140971,140985,141007,141033],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140962,140963,140965,140967,140969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140964,119],{"class":118},[50,140966,122],{"class":64},[50,140968,34513],{"class":125},[50,140970,414],{"class":64},[50,140972,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140974,119],{"class":118},[50,140976,122],{"class":64},[50,140978,34513],{"class":125},[50,140980,129],{"class":64},[50,140982,34273],{"class":125},[50,140984,1727],{"class":64},[50,140986,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140988,119],{"class":118},[50,140990,122],{"class":64},[50,140992,34513],{"class":125},[50,140994,129],{"class":64},[50,140996,34273],{"class":125},[50,140998,122],{"class":64},[50,141000,1736],{"class":68},[50,141002,89],{"class":72},[50,141004,1736],{"class":68},[50,141006,1770],{"class":64},[50,141008,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,141010,119],{"class":118},[50,141012,122],{"class":64},[50,141014,11181],{"class":118},[50,141016,122],{"class":64},[50,141018,34513],{"class":125},[50,141020,129],{"class":64},[50,141022,34273],{"class":125},[50,141024,122],{"class":64},[50,141026,1736],{"class":68},[50,141028,89],{"class":72},[50,141030,1736],{"class":68},[50,141032,1799],{"class":64},[50,141034,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,141036,119],{"class":118},[50,141038,122],{"class":64},[50,141040,1780],{"class":1779},[50,141042,122],{"class":64},[50,141044,34513],{"class":125},[50,141046,129],{"class":64},[50,141048,34273],{"class":125},[50,141050,122],{"class":64},[50,141052,1736],{"class":68},[50,141054,89],{"class":72},[50,141056,1736],{"class":68},[50,141058,1799],{"class":64},[20,141060,11190],{},[233,141062,141063,141066,141069,141072],{},[236,141064,141065],{},"what the original string looks like",[236,141067,141068],{},"which separator works",[236,141070,141071],{},"how many items were created",[236,141073,141074],{},"that the result is a list",[219,141076,1857],{"id":1856},[811,141078,5202,141080,1846,141082,1867],{"id":141079},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141081,60349],{},[15,141083,139652],{},[20,141085,141086,141088],{},[15,141087,60349],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141090,141091,141093],{},[15,141092,139652],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[811,141095,1861,141097,124501],{"id":141096},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141098,60349],{},[20,141100,141101,141102,56295],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141103,60349],{},[811,141105,5164,141107,39770],{"id":141106},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141108,139429],{},[20,141110,141111],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[811,141113,141115],{"id":141114},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141117,28862,141118,141120],{},[15,141119,60349],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[219,141122,1909],{"id":1908},[233,141124,141125,141129,141135,141141,141145],{},[236,141126,141127],{},[380,141128,129779],{"href":128857},[236,141130,141131],{},[380,141132,126174,141133,1845],{"href":140391},[15,141134,133256],{},[236,141136,141137],{},[380,141138,126174,141139,1845],{"href":136744},[15,141140,41464],{},[236,141142,141143],{},[380,141144,124929],{"href":50790},[236,141146,141147],{},[380,141148,69078],{"href":69077},[1944,141150,141151],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":141153},[141154,141155,141157,141158,141163,141164,141166,141168,141173,141175,141178,141187],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":139259,"depth":108,"text":141156},"What split() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":139507,"depth":108,"text":141159,"children":141160},"Using split() with no separator",[141161],{"id":139647,"depth":115,"text":141162},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139810,"depth":108,"text":139811},{"id":140020,"depth":108,"text":141165},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140221,"depth":108,"text":141167},"What split() returns",{"id":140491,"depth":108,"text":140492,"children":141169},[141170,141171,141172],{"id":140498,"depth":115,"text":140499},{"id":140539,"depth":115,"text":140540},{"id":140593,"depth":115,"text":140594},{"id":140658,"depth":108,"text":141174},"When to use split()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":141176},[141177],{"id":60527,"depth":115,"text":60528},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":141179},[141180,141182,141184,141186],{"id":141079,"depth":115,"text":141181},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141096,"depth":115,"text":141183},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141106,"depth":115,"text":141185},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141114,"depth":115,"text":141115},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139168,"description":141188},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141195,"title":141196,"body":141197,"description":143140,"extension":1981,"meta":143141,"navigation":111,"path":143142,"seo":143143,"stem":143144,"__hash__":143145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141198,"toc":143099},[141199,141204,141209,141216,141289,141294,141299,141304,141320,141322,141392,141394,141396,141416,141418,141463,141468,141470,141568,141573,141577,141582,141586,141589,141631,141635,141638,141683,141687,141690,141740,141744,141749,141801,141803,141808,141819,141824,141904,141906,141918,141927,141934,141949,141951,142066,142072,142076,142079,142084,142226,142229,142236,142238,142242,142250,142319,142325,142374,142379,142384,142386,142406,142408,142474,142476,142480,142483,142487,142528,142530,142563,142568,142571,142598,142600,142643,142650,142655,142665,142731,142735,142743,142748,142799,142803,142806,142808,142817,142819,142869,142871,142978,142980,142985,142992,142998,143001,143032,143037,143039,143046,143054,143063,143066,143068,143096],[10,141200,123174,141202,18],{"id":141201},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141203,127542],{},[20,141205,123179,141206,141208],{},[15,141207,127542],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141210,126240,141211,2901,141213,141215],{},[15,141212,3632],{},[15,141214,3702],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[41,141217,141219],{"className":43,"code":141218,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141220,141221,141234,141238,141263],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141222,141223,141225,141227,141229,141232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141224,34492],{"class":56},[50,141226,61],{"class":60},[50,141228,81],{"class":68},[50,141230,141231],{"class":72},"Python Beginner Help",[50,141233,3384],{"class":68},[50,141235,141236],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141237,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141239,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141241,119],{"class":118},[50,141243,122],{"class":64},[50,141245,34513],{"class":125},[50,141247,129],{"class":64},[50,141249,141250],{"class":125},"startswith",[50,141252,122],{"class":64},[50,141254,69],{"class":68},[50,141256,7322],{"class":72},[50,141258,69],{"class":68},[50,141260,143],{"class":64},[50,141262,43667],{"class":146},[50,141264,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141282,141284,141286],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,141266,119],{"class":118},[50,141268,122],{"class":64},[50,141270,34513],{"class":125},[50,141272,129],{"class":64},[50,141274,141250],{"class":125},[50,141276,122],{"class":64},[50,141278,69],{"class":68},[50,141280,141281],{"class":72},"Beginner",[50,141283,69],{"class":68},[50,141285,143],{"class":64},[50,141287,141288],{"class":146}," # False\n",[20,141290,212,141291,141293],{},[15,141292,127542],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[219,141295,222,141297,225],{"id":141296},"what-startswith-does",[15,141298,127542],{},[20,141300,141301,141303],{},[15,141302,127542],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[233,141305,141306,141309,141315,141317],{},[236,141307,141308],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[236,141310,5170,141311,2901,141313],{},[15,141312,3632],{},[15,141314,3702],{},[236,141316,123317],{},[236,141318,141319],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141321,253],{},[41,141323,141325],{"className":43,"code":141324,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141326,141327,141339,141343,141368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141328,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141330,7903],{"class":56},[50,141332,61],{"class":60},[50,141334,81],{"class":68},[50,141336,7322],{"class":72},[50,141338,3384],{"class":68},[50,141340,141341],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141342,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141344,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141362,141364,141366],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141346,119],{"class":118},[50,141348,122],{"class":64},[50,141350,73],{"class":125},[50,141352,129],{"class":64},[50,141354,141250],{"class":125},[50,141356,122],{"class":64},[50,141358,69],{"class":68},[50,141360,141361],{"class":72},"Py",[50,141363,69],{"class":68},[50,141365,143],{"class":64},[50,141367,43667],{"class":146},[50,141369,141370,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141390],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,141371,119],{"class":118},[50,141373,122],{"class":64},[50,141375,73],{"class":125},[50,141377,129],{"class":64},[50,141379,141250],{"class":125},[50,141381,122],{"class":64},[50,141383,69],{"class":68},[50,141385,128620],{"class":72},[50,141387,69],{"class":68},[50,141389,143],{"class":64},[50,141391,43684],{"class":146},[219,141393,387],{"id":386},[20,141395,42196],{},[41,141397,141399],{"className":43,"code":141398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141400,141401],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141402,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141404,60992],{"class":56},[50,141406,129],{"class":64},[50,141408,141250],{"class":125},[50,141410,122],{"class":64},[50,141412,141413],{"class":125},"prefix",[50,141415,414],{"class":64},[20,141417,30566],{},[41,141419,141421],{"className":43,"code":141420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141422,141423,141441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141426,60992],{"class":56},[50,141428,129],{"class":64},[50,141430,141250],{"class":125},[50,141432,122],{"class":64},[50,141434,141413],{"class":125},[50,141436,89],{"class":64},[50,141438,35858],{"class":125},[50,141440,414],{"class":64},[50,141442,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141444,60992],{"class":56},[50,141446,129],{"class":64},[50,141448,141250],{"class":125},[50,141450,122],{"class":64},[50,141452,141413],{"class":125},[50,141454,89],{"class":64},[50,141456,35858],{"class":125},[50,141458,89],{"class":64},[50,141460,64859],{"class":125},[50,141462,414],{"class":64},[20,141464,1212,141465,141467],{},[15,141466,141413],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141469,253],{},[41,141471,141473],{"className":43,"code":141472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141474,141475,141487,141491,141516,141540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141476,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141478,34492],{"class":56},[50,141480,61],{"class":60},[50,141482,81],{"class":68},[50,141484,60224],{"class":72},[50,141486,3384],{"class":68},[50,141488,141489],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141490,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141492,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141494,119],{"class":118},[50,141496,122],{"class":64},[50,141498,34513],{"class":125},[50,141500,129],{"class":64},[50,141502,141250],{"class":125},[50,141504,122],{"class":64},[50,141506,69],{"class":68},[50,141508,3870],{"class":72},[50,141510,69],{"class":68},[50,141512,143],{"class":64},[50,141514,141515],{"class":146},"      # True\n",[50,141517,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,141519,119],{"class":118},[50,141521,122],{"class":64},[50,141523,34513],{"class":125},[50,141525,129],{"class":64},[50,141527,141250],{"class":125},[50,141529,122],{"class":64},[50,141531,69],{"class":68},[50,141533,60409],{"class":72},[50,141535,69],{"class":68},[50,141537,143],{"class":64},[50,141539,1652],{"class":146},[50,141541,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558,141560,141562,141564,141566],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,141543,119],{"class":118},[50,141545,122],{"class":64},[50,141547,34513],{"class":125},[50,141549,129],{"class":64},[50,141551,141250],{"class":125},[50,141553,122],{"class":64},[50,141555,69],{"class":68},[50,141557,60409],{"class":72},[50,141559,69],{"class":68},[50,141561,89],{"class":64},[50,141563,37452],{"class":101},[50,141565,143],{"class":64},[50,141567,43667],{"class":146},[20,141569,141570,141571,129],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[380,141572,124929],{"href":50790},[219,141574,141576],{"id":141575},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141578,141579,141581],{},[15,141580,127542],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[811,141583,141584],{"id":141413},[15,141585,141413],{},[20,141587,141588],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[41,141590,141592],{"className":43,"code":141591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141593,141594,141606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141595,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141597,34492],{"class":56},[50,141599,61],{"class":60},[50,141601,81],{"class":68},[50,141603,4111],{"class":72},[50,141605,3384],{"class":68},[50,141607,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141625,141627,141629],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141609,119],{"class":118},[50,141611,122],{"class":64},[50,141613,34513],{"class":125},[50,141615,129],{"class":64},[50,141617,141250],{"class":125},[50,141619,122],{"class":64},[50,141621,69],{"class":68},[50,141623,141624],{"class":72},"ban",[50,141626,69],{"class":68},[50,141628,143],{"class":64},[50,141630,1631],{"class":146},[811,141632,141633],{"id":35879},[15,141634,35879],{},[20,141636,141637],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[41,141639,141641],{"className":43,"code":141640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141642,141643,141655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141644,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141646,34492],{"class":56},[50,141648,61],{"class":60},[50,141650,81],{"class":68},[50,141652,60224],{"class":72},[50,141654,3384],{"class":68},[50,141656,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141681],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141658,119],{"class":118},[50,141660,122],{"class":64},[50,141662,34513],{"class":125},[50,141664,129],{"class":64},[50,141666,141250],{"class":125},[50,141668,122],{"class":64},[50,141670,69],{"class":68},[50,141672,60409],{"class":72},[50,141674,69],{"class":68},[50,141676,89],{"class":64},[50,141678,37452],{"class":101},[50,141680,143],{"class":64},[50,141682,1631],{"class":146},[811,141684,141685],{"id":52476},[15,141686,52476],{},[20,141688,141689],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[41,141691,141693],{"className":43,"code":141692,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141694,141695,141707],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141696,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141698,34492],{"class":56},[50,141700,61],{"class":60},[50,141702,81],{"class":68},[50,141704,60224],{"class":72},[50,141706,3384],{"class":68},[50,141708,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141710,119],{"class":118},[50,141712,122],{"class":64},[50,141714,34513],{"class":125},[50,141716,129],{"class":64},[50,141718,141250],{"class":125},[50,141720,122],{"class":64},[50,141722,69],{"class":68},[50,141724,141725],{"class":72},"wor",[50,141727,69],{"class":68},[50,141729,89],{"class":64},[50,141731,37452],{"class":101},[50,141733,89],{"class":64},[50,141735,53952],{"class":101},[50,141737,143],{"class":64},[50,141739,1631],{"class":146},[811,141741,141743],{"id":141742},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141745,141746,141748],{},[15,141747,141413],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[41,141750,141752],{"className":43,"code":141751,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141753,141754,141767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141755,141756,141758,141760,141762,141765],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141757,126257],{"class":56},[50,141759,61],{"class":60},[50,141761,81],{"class":68},[50,141763,141764],{"class":72},"img_001.png",[50,141766,3384],{"class":68},[50,141768,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141786,141788,141790,141792,141795,141797,141799],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141770,119],{"class":118},[50,141772,122],{"class":64},[50,141774,126275],{"class":125},[50,141776,129],{"class":64},[50,141778,141250],{"class":125},[50,141780,5534],{"class":64},[50,141782,69],{"class":68},[50,141784,141785],{"class":72},"img_",[50,141787,69],{"class":68},[50,141789,89],{"class":64},[50,141791,81],{"class":68},[50,141793,141794],{"class":72},"photo_",[50,141796,69],{"class":68},[50,141798,50906],{"class":64},[50,141800,1631],{"class":146},[219,141802,17411],{"id":17410},[20,141804,141805,141807],{},[15,141806,127542],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[233,141809,141810,141815],{},[236,141811,141812,141814],{},[15,141813,3632],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[236,141816,141817,126859],{},[15,141818,3702],{},[20,141820,141821,141822,7198],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141823,7023],{},[41,141825,141827],{"className":43,"code":141826,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141828,141829,141843,141847,141868,141883,141889],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141830,141831,141834,141836,141838,141841],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141832,141833],{"class":56},"command ",[50,141835,61],{"class":60},[50,141837,81],{"class":68},[50,141839,141840],{"class":72},"\u002Fhelp",[50,141842,3384],{"class":68},[50,141844,141845],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141846,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141848,141849,141851,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141850,7023],{"class":1622},[50,141852,141853],{"class":56}," command",[50,141855,129],{"class":64},[50,141857,141250],{"class":125},[50,141859,122],{"class":64},[50,141861,69],{"class":68},[50,141863,127066],{"class":72},[50,141865,69],{"class":68},[50,141867,8368],{"class":64},[50,141869,141870,141872,141874,141876,141879,141881],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,141871,8094],{"class":118},[50,141873,122],{"class":64},[50,141875,69],{"class":68},[50,141877,141878],{"class":72},"This looks like a command.",[50,141880,69],{"class":68},[50,141882,414],{"class":64},[50,141884,141885,141887],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,141886,27234],{"class":1622},[50,141888,6417],{"class":64},[50,141890,141891,141893,141895,141897,141900,141902],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,141892,8094],{"class":118},[50,141894,122],{"class":64},[50,141896,69],{"class":68},[50,141898,141899],{"class":72},"This is normal text.",[50,141901,69],{"class":68},[50,141903,414],{"class":64},[20,141905,2091],{},[41,141907,141909],{"className":43,"code":141908,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141910,141911],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141912,141913,141916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141914,141915],{"class":56},"This looks like a command",[50,141917,122206],{"class":64},[219,141919,8444,141921,8733,141923,1846,141925],{"id":141920},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141922,127542],{},[15,141924,35879],{},[15,141926,52476],{},[20,141928,228,141929,1846,141931,141933],{},[15,141930,35879],{},[15,141932,52476],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[233,141935,141936,141941,141946],{},[236,141937,141938,141940],{},[15,141939,35879],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[236,141942,141943,141945],{},[15,141944,52476],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[236,141947,141948],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141950,253],{},[41,141952,141954],{"className":43,"code":141953,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141955,141956,141968,141972,142001,142034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141957,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141959,34492],{"class":56},[50,141961,61],{"class":60},[50,141963,81],{"class":68},[50,141965,139453],{"class":72},[50,141967,3384],{"class":68},[50,141969,141970],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141971,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141973,141974,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992,141994,141996,141998],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141975,119],{"class":118},[50,141977,122],{"class":64},[50,141979,34513],{"class":125},[50,141981,129],{"class":64},[50,141983,141250],{"class":125},[50,141985,122],{"class":64},[50,141987,69],{"class":68},[50,141989,79090],{"class":72},[50,141991,69],{"class":68},[50,141993,89],{"class":64},[50,141995,2479],{"class":101},[50,141997,143],{"class":64},[50,141999,142000],{"class":146},"        # True\n",[50,142002,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027,142030,142032],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,142004,119],{"class":118},[50,142006,122],{"class":64},[50,142008,34513],{"class":125},[50,142010,129],{"class":64},[50,142012,141250],{"class":125},[50,142014,122],{"class":64},[50,142016,69],{"class":68},[50,142018,134060],{"class":72},[50,142020,69],{"class":68},[50,142022,89],{"class":64},[50,142024,1158],{"class":101},[50,142026,89],{"class":64},[50,142028,142029],{"class":101}," 13",[50,142031,143],{"class":64},[50,142033,1631],{"class":146},[50,142035,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,142037,119],{"class":118},[50,142039,122],{"class":64},[50,142041,34513],{"class":125},[50,142043,129],{"class":64},[50,142045,141250],{"class":125},[50,142047,122],{"class":64},[50,142049,69],{"class":68},[50,142051,134060],{"class":72},[50,142053,69],{"class":68},[50,142055,89],{"class":64},[50,142057,1158],{"class":101},[50,142059,89],{"class":64},[50,142061,30745],{"class":101},[50,142063,143],{"class":64},[50,142065,4795],{"class":146},[20,142067,142068,142069,142071],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142070,52476],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[219,142073,142075],{"id":142074},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142077,142078],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142080,142081,142082,49162],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142083,40647],{},[41,142085,142087],{"className":43,"code":142086,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142088,142089,142103,142117,142131,142135,142159,142163,142184,142205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142090,142091,142094,142096,142098,142101],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142092,142093],{"class":56},"filename1 ",[50,142095,61],{"class":60},[50,142097,81],{"class":68},[50,142099,142100],{"class":72},"img_101.jpg",[50,142102,3384],{"class":68},[50,142104,142105,142108,142110,142112,142115],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142106,142107],{"class":56},"filename2 ",[50,142109,61],{"class":60},[50,142111,81],{"class":68},[50,142113,142114],{"class":72},"photo_202.jpg",[50,142116,3384],{"class":68},[50,142118,142119,142122,142124,142126,142129],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142120,142121],{"class":56},"filename3 ",[50,142123,61],{"class":60},[50,142125,81],{"class":68},[50,142127,142128],{"class":72},"doc_303.jpg",[50,142130,3384],{"class":68},[50,142132,142133],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,142134,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142136,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,142138,127469],{"class":56},[50,142140,61],{"class":60},[50,142142,9262],{"class":64},[50,142144,69],{"class":68},[50,142146,141785],{"class":72},[50,142148,69],{"class":68},[50,142150,89],{"class":64},[50,142152,81],{"class":68},[50,142154,141794],{"class":72},[50,142156,69],{"class":68},[50,142158,414],{"class":64},[50,142160,142161],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,142162,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142164,142165,142167,142169,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,142166,119],{"class":118},[50,142168,122],{"class":64},[50,142170,142171],{"class":125},"filename1",[50,142173,129],{"class":64},[50,142175,141250],{"class":125},[50,142177,122],{"class":64},[50,142179,127521],{"class":125},[50,142181,143],{"class":64},[50,142183,1631],{"class":146},[50,142185,142186,142188,142190,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,142187,119],{"class":118},[50,142189,122],{"class":64},[50,142191,142192],{"class":125},"filename2",[50,142194,129],{"class":64},[50,142196,141250],{"class":125},[50,142198,122],{"class":64},[50,142200,127521],{"class":125},[50,142202,143],{"class":64},[50,142204,1631],{"class":146},[50,142206,142207,142209,142211,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,142208,119],{"class":118},[50,142210,122],{"class":64},[50,142212,142213],{"class":125},"filename3",[50,142215,129],{"class":64},[50,142217,141250],{"class":125},[50,142219,122],{"class":64},[50,142221,127521],{"class":125},[50,142223,143],{"class":64},[50,142225,4795],{"class":146},[20,142227,142228],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142230,74591,142231,142235],{},[380,142232,126174,142233,1845],{"href":129768},[15,142234,126232],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[219,142237,123821],{"id":123820},[20,142239,142240,123632],{},[15,142241,127542],{},[20,142243,127219,142244,1846,142247,127226],{},[15,142245,142246],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142248,142249],{},"\"python\"",[41,142251,142253],{"className":43,"code":142252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142254,142255,142267,142271,142295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142256,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142258,34492],{"class":56},[50,142260,61],{"class":60},[50,142262,81],{"class":68},[50,142264,7322],{"class":72},[50,142266,3384],{"class":68},[50,142268,142269],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142270,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142272,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142274,119],{"class":118},[50,142276,122],{"class":64},[50,142278,34513],{"class":125},[50,142280,129],{"class":64},[50,142282,141250],{"class":125},[50,142284,122],{"class":64},[50,142286,69],{"class":68},[50,142288,141361],{"class":72},[50,142290,69],{"class":68},[50,142292,143],{"class":64},[50,142294,1631],{"class":146},[50,142296,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,142298,119],{"class":118},[50,142300,122],{"class":64},[50,142302,34513],{"class":125},[50,142304,129],{"class":64},[50,142306,141250],{"class":125},[50,142308,122],{"class":64},[50,142310,69],{"class":68},[50,142312,128620],{"class":72},[50,142314,69],{"class":68},[50,142316,143],{"class":64},[50,142318,4795],{"class":146},[20,142320,127311,142321,129],{},[380,142322,142323],{"href":123901},[15,142324,123904],{},[41,142326,142328],{"className":43,"code":142327,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142329,142330,142342,142346],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142331,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142333,34492],{"class":56},[50,142335,61],{"class":60},[50,142337,81],{"class":68},[50,142339,7322],{"class":72},[50,142341,3384],{"class":68},[50,142343,142344],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142345,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142347,142348,142350,142352,142354,142356,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142349,119],{"class":118},[50,142351,122],{"class":64},[50,142353,34513],{"class":125},[50,142355,129],{"class":64},[50,142357,8668],{"class":125},[50,142359,8665],{"class":64},[50,142361,141250],{"class":125},[50,142363,122],{"class":64},[50,142365,69],{"class":68},[50,142367,128620],{"class":72},[50,142369,69],{"class":68},[50,142371,143],{"class":64},[50,142373,1631],{"class":146},[219,142375,582,142377],{"id":142376},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142378,127542],{},[20,142380,142381,142383],{},[15,142382,127542],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142385,9397],{},[233,142387,142388,142391,142394,142403],{},[236,142389,142390],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[236,142392,142393],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[236,142395,142396,142397,2901,142400],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142398,142399],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142401,142402],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[236,142404,142405],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142407,253],{},[41,142409,142411],{"className":43,"code":142410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142412,142413,142426,142430,142459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142414,142415,142417,142419,142421,142424],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142416,127037],{"class":56},[50,142418,61],{"class":60},[50,142420,81],{"class":68},[50,142422,142423],{"class":72},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[50,142425,3384],{"class":68},[50,142427,142428],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142429,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142431,142432,142434,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142433,7023],{"class":1622},[50,142435,142436],{"class":56}," url",[50,142438,129],{"class":64},[50,142440,141250],{"class":125},[50,142442,5534],{"class":64},[50,142444,69],{"class":68},[50,142446,142399],{"class":72},[50,142448,69],{"class":68},[50,142450,89],{"class":64},[50,142452,81],{"class":68},[50,142454,142402],{"class":72},[50,142456,69],{"class":68},[50,142458,69382],{"class":64},[50,142460,142461,142463,142465,142467,142470,142472],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,142462,8094],{"class":118},[50,142464,122],{"class":64},[50,142466,69],{"class":68},[50,142468,142469],{"class":72},"This looks like a web URL.",[50,142471,69],{"class":68},[50,142473,414],{"class":64},[219,142475,1663],{"id":1662},[20,142477,22893,142478,129],{},[15,142479,127542],{},[811,142481,138614],{"id":142482},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142484,142485,123632],{},[15,142486,127542],{},[41,142488,142490],{"className":43,"code":142489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142491,142492,142504],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142493,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142495,34492],{"class":56},[50,142497,61],{"class":60},[50,142499,81],{"class":68},[50,142501,7322],{"class":72},[50,142503,3384],{"class":68},[50,142505,142506,142508,142510,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522,142524,142526],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142507,119],{"class":118},[50,142509,122],{"class":64},[50,142511,34513],{"class":125},[50,142513,129],{"class":64},[50,142515,141250],{"class":125},[50,142517,122],{"class":64},[50,142519,69],{"class":68},[50,142521,45],{"class":72},[50,142523,69],{"class":68},[50,142525,143],{"class":64},[50,142527,4795],{"class":146},[20,142529,39071],{},[41,142531,142533],{"className":43,"code":142532,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142534,142535],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142538,119],{"class":118},[50,142540,122],{"class":64},[50,142542,34513],{"class":125},[50,142544,129],{"class":64},[50,142546,8668],{"class":125},[50,142548,8665],{"class":64},[50,142550,141250],{"class":125},[50,142552,122],{"class":64},[50,142554,69],{"class":68},[50,142556,45],{"class":72},[50,142558,69],{"class":68},[50,142560,143],{"class":64},[50,142562,1631],{"class":146},[811,142564,29451,142566,137096],{"id":142565},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142567,127542],{},[20,142569,142570],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[41,142572,142574],{"className":43,"code":142573,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142575,142576,142584,142588,142593],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142577,142578,142580,142582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142579,2468],{"class":56},[50,142581,61],{"class":60},[50,142583,124856],{"class":101},[50,142585,142586],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142587,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142589,142590],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142591,142592],{"class":146},"# This will cause an error:\n",[50,142594,142595],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,142596,142597],{"class":146},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142599,39071],{},[41,142601,142603],{"className":43,"code":142602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142604,142605,142619],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142606,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142608,2468],{"class":56},[50,142610,61],{"class":60},[50,142612,48718],{"class":1779},[50,142614,122],{"class":64},[50,142616,50060],{"class":101},[50,142618,414],{"class":64},[50,142620,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142622,119],{"class":118},[50,142624,122],{"class":64},[50,142626,2495],{"class":125},[50,142628,129],{"class":64},[50,142630,141250],{"class":125},[50,142632,122],{"class":64},[50,142634,69],{"class":68},[50,142636,3011],{"class":72},[50,142638,69],{"class":68},[50,142640,143],{"class":64},[50,142642,1631],{"class":146},[811,142644,37012,142646,8733,142648],{"id":142645},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142647,127542],{},[15,142649,1562],{},[20,142651,142652,142654],{},[15,142653,127542],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142656,142657,142658,142660,142661,129],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142659,1562],{}," or methods like ",[380,142662,142663],{"href":124184},[15,142664,124169],{},[41,142666,142668],{"className":43,"code":142667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142669,142670,142682,142686,142710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142671,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142673,34492],{"class":56},[50,142675,61],{"class":60},[50,142677,81],{"class":68},[50,142679,60224],{"class":72},[50,142681,3384],{"class":68},[50,142683,142684],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142685,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142687,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142689,119],{"class":118},[50,142691,122],{"class":64},[50,142693,34513],{"class":125},[50,142695,129],{"class":64},[50,142697,141250],{"class":125},[50,142699,122],{"class":64},[50,142701,69],{"class":68},[50,142703,60409],{"class":72},[50,142705,69],{"class":68},[50,142707,143],{"class":64},[50,142709,4795],{"class":146},[50,142711,142712,142714,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,142713,119],{"class":118},[50,142715,122],{"class":64},[50,142717,69],{"class":68},[50,142719,60409],{"class":72},[50,142721,69],{"class":68},[50,142723,1623],{"class":1622},[50,142725,42653],{"class":125},[50,142727,1206],{"class":64},[50,142729,142730],{"class":146},"           # True\n",[20,142732,135648,142733,129],{},[380,142734,127210],{"href":123429},[811,142736,1678,142738,1846,142740,142742],{"id":142737},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142739,35879],{},[15,142741,52476],{}," use index positions",[20,142744,142745,142746,129],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142747,1215],{},[41,142749,142751],{"className":43,"code":142750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142752,142753,142766,142770],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142754,142755,142757,142759,142761,142764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142756,34492],{"class":56},[50,142758,61],{"class":60},[50,142760,81],{"class":68},[50,142762,142763],{"class":72},"abcdef",[50,142765,3384],{"class":68},[50,142767,142768],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142769,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142771,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142773,119],{"class":118},[50,142775,122],{"class":64},[50,142777,34513],{"class":125},[50,142779,129],{"class":64},[50,142781,141250],{"class":125},[50,142783,122],{"class":64},[50,142785,69],{"class":68},[50,142787,142788],{"class":72},"cd",[50,142790,69],{"class":68},[50,142792,89],{"class":64},[50,142794,3016],{"class":101},[50,142796,143],{"class":64},[50,142798,1631],{"class":146},[811,142800,142802],{"id":142801},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142804,142805],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142807,16643],{},[41,142809,142811],{"className":43,"code":142810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142812,142813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142814,142815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142816,142810],{"class":146},[20,142818,16655],{},[41,142820,142822],{"className":43,"code":142821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142823,142824,142836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142825,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142827,34492],{"class":56},[50,142829,61],{"class":60},[50,142831,81],{"class":68},[50,142833,7322],{"class":72},[50,142835,3384],{"class":68},[50,142837,142838,142840,142842,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142863,142865,142867],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142839,119],{"class":118},[50,142841,122],{"class":64},[50,142843,34513],{"class":125},[50,142845,129],{"class":64},[50,142847,141250],{"class":125},[50,142849,5534],{"class":64},[50,142851,69],{"class":68},[50,142853,141361],{"class":72},[50,142855,69],{"class":68},[50,142857,89],{"class":64},[50,142859,81],{"class":68},[50,142861,142862],{"class":72},"Ja",[50,142864,69],{"class":68},[50,142866,50906],{"class":64},[50,142868,1631],{"class":146},[20,142870,31885],{},[41,142872,142874],{"className":43,"code":142873,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142875,142876,142886,142900,142922,142948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142877,142878,142880,142882,142884],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142879,119],{"class":118},[50,142881,122],{"class":64},[50,142883,34513],{"class":125},[50,142885,414],{"class":64},[50,142887,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142889,119],{"class":118},[50,142891,122],{"class":64},[50,142893,1780],{"class":1779},[50,142895,122],{"class":64},[50,142897,34513],{"class":125},[50,142899,1770],{"class":64},[50,142901,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142903,119],{"class":118},[50,142905,122],{"class":64},[50,142907,34513],{"class":125},[50,142909,129],{"class":64},[50,142911,141250],{"class":125},[50,142913,122],{"class":64},[50,142915,69],{"class":68},[50,142917,141361],{"class":72},[50,142919,69],{"class":68},[50,142921,1770],{"class":64},[50,142923,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,142925,119],{"class":118},[50,142927,122],{"class":64},[50,142929,34513],{"class":125},[50,142931,129],{"class":64},[50,142933,8668],{"class":125},[50,142935,8665],{"class":64},[50,142937,141250],{"class":125},[50,142939,122],{"class":64},[50,142941,69],{"class":68},[50,142943,128620],{"class":72},[50,142945,69],{"class":68},[50,142947,1770],{"class":64},[50,142949,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,142951,119],{"class":118},[50,142953,122],{"class":64},[50,142955,34513],{"class":125},[50,142957,129],{"class":64},[50,142959,141250],{"class":125},[50,142961,5534],{"class":64},[50,142963,69],{"class":68},[50,142965,141361],{"class":72},[50,142967,69],{"class":68},[50,142969,89],{"class":64},[50,142971,81],{"class":68},[50,142973,142862],{"class":72},[50,142975,69],{"class":68},[50,142977,1799],{"class":64},[219,142979,1857],{"id":1856},[811,142981,1861,142983,128020],{"id":142982},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142984,127542],{},[20,142986,142987,142988,2901,142990,129],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142989,3632],{},[15,142991,3702],{},[811,142993,5192,142995,142997],{"id":142994},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142996,127542],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142999,143000],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[41,143002,143004],{"className":43,"code":143003,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143005,143006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143007,143008,143010,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143009,34513],{"class":56},[50,143011,129],{"class":64},[50,143013,141250],{"class":125},[50,143015,5534],{"class":64},[50,143017,69],{"class":68},[50,143019,380],{"class":72},[50,143021,69],{"class":68},[50,143023,89],{"class":64},[50,143025,81],{"class":68},[50,143027,4784],{"class":72},[50,143029,69],{"class":68},[50,143031,1770],{"class":64},[811,143033,14907,143035,124510],{"id":143034},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143036,127542],{},[20,143038,129703],{},[811,143040,5202,143042,1846,143044,1867],{"id":143041},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143043,127542],{},[15,143045,1562],{},[20,143047,143048,143050,143051,143053],{},[15,143049,127542],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143052,1562],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[811,143055,28129,143057,1846,143059,8733,143061,1867],{"id":143056},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143058,35879],{},[15,143060,52476],{},[15,143062,127542],{},[20,143064,143065],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[219,143067,1909],{"id":1908},[233,143069,143070,143076,143082,143088,143092],{},[236,143071,143072],{},[380,143073,126174,143074,1845],{"href":129768},[15,143075,126232],{},[236,143077,143078],{},[380,143079,126174,143080,1845],{"href":124184},[15,143081,124169],{},[236,143083,143084],{},[380,143085,126174,143086,1845],{"href":123901},[15,143087,123904],{},[236,143089,143090],{},[380,143091,124573],{"href":123429},[236,143093,143094],{},[380,143095,124929],{"href":50790},[1944,143097,143098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":143100},[143101,143103,143104,143110,143111,143113,143114,143115,143117,143127,143139],{"id":141296,"depth":108,"text":143102},"What startswith() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":141575,"depth":108,"text":141576,"children":143105},[143106,143107,143108,143109],{"id":141413,"depth":115,"text":141413},{"id":35879,"depth":115,"text":35879},{"id":52476,"depth":115,"text":52476},{"id":141742,"depth":115,"text":141743},{"id":17410,"depth":108,"text":17411},{"id":141920,"depth":108,"text":143112},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142074,"depth":108,"text":142075},{"id":123820,"depth":108,"text":123821},{"id":142376,"depth":108,"text":143116},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":143118},[143119,143120,143122,143124,143126],{"id":142482,"depth":115,"text":138614},{"id":142565,"depth":115,"text":143121},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142645,"depth":115,"text":143123},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142737,"depth":115,"text":143125},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142801,"depth":115,"text":142802},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":143128},[143129,143131,143133,143135,143137],{"id":142982,"depth":115,"text":143130},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142994,"depth":115,"text":143132},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143034,"depth":115,"text":143134},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143041,"depth":115,"text":143136},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143056,"depth":115,"text":143138},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141196,"description":143140},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143147,"title":143148,"body":143149,"description":144603,"extension":1981,"meta":144604,"navigation":111,"path":144605,"seo":144606,"stem":144607,"__hash__":144608},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143150,"toc":144573},[143151,143156,143161,143164,143166,143210,143212,143220,143225,143230,143235,143237,143255,143257,143303,143305,143319,143328,143332,143334,143336,143348,143353,143356,143388,143390,143399,143404,143407,143448,143450,143458,143460,143473,143479,143483,143486,143502,143504,143553,143555,143564,143567,143626,143628,143637,143644,143647,143700,143702,143726,143733,143739,143743,143749,143752,143763,143765,143805,143807,143815,143817,143857,143859,143868,143870,143888,143891,143898,143909,143912,143929,143931,144008,144010,144041,144044,144046,144049,144075,144077,144117,144119,144128,144138,144146,144154,144159,144164,144166,144180,144182,144233,144235,144244,144254,144256,144258,144280,144283,144362,144364,144400,144403,144478,144483,144485,144491,144496,144501,144504,144510,144513,144520,144528,144532,144540,144542,144570],[10,143152,123174,143154,18],{"id":143153},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143155,41464],{},[20,143157,32120,143158,143160],{},[15,143159,41464],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143162,143163],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[219,143165,3637],{"id":3636},[41,143167,143169],{"className":43,"code":143168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143170,143171,143184,143199],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143172,143173,143175,143177,143179,143182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143174,34492],{"class":56},[50,143176,61],{"class":60},[50,143178,81],{"class":68},[50,143180,143181],{"class":72},"  hello  ",[50,143183,3384],{"class":68},[50,143185,143186,143189,143191,143193,143195,143197],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143187,143188],{"class":56},"clean_text ",[50,143190,61],{"class":60},[50,143192,42653],{"class":56},[50,143194,129],{"class":64},[50,143196,8662],{"class":125},[50,143198,8671],{"class":64},[50,143200,143201,143203,143205,143208],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143202,119],{"class":118},[50,143204,122],{"class":64},[50,143206,143207],{"class":125},"clean_text",[50,143209,414],{"class":64},[20,143211,2091],{},[41,143213,143214],{"className":43,"code":138489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,143215,143216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143217,143218],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143219,138489],{"class":56},[20,143221,212,143222,143224],{},[15,143223,41464],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[219,143226,222,143228,225],{"id":143227},"what-strip-does",[15,143229,41464],{},[20,143231,143232,143234],{},[15,143233,41464],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143236,13060],{},[233,143238,143239,143243,143246,143249,143252],{},[236,143240,143241,131524],{},[15,143242,41464],{},[236,143244,143245],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[236,143247,143248],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[236,143250,143251],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[236,143253,143254],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143256,253],{},[41,143258,143260],{"className":43,"code":143259,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143261,143262,143275,143279,143293],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143263,143264,143266,143268,143270,143273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143265,34492],{"class":56},[50,143267,61],{"class":60},[50,143269,81],{"class":68},[50,143271,143272],{"class":72},"  hello world  ",[50,143274,3384],{"class":68},[50,143276,143277],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143278,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,143280,143281,143283,143285,143287,143289,143291],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143282,119],{"class":118},[50,143284,122],{"class":64},[50,143286,34513],{"class":125},[50,143288,129],{"class":64},[50,143290,8662],{"class":125},[50,143292,1727],{"class":64},[50,143294,143295,143297,143299,143301],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,143296,119],{"class":118},[50,143298,122],{"class":64},[50,143300,34513],{"class":125},[50,143302,414],{"class":64},[20,143304,2091],{},[41,143306,143308],{"className":43,"code":143307,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143309,143310,143314],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143311,143312],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143313,134190],{"class":56},[50,143315,143316],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143317,143318],{"class":56},"  hello world\n",[20,143320,143321,143322,143324,143325,143327],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143323,41464],{},", but the original ",[15,143326,34513],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143329,124926,143330,129],{},[380,143331,124929],{"href":50790},[219,143333,387],{"id":386},[20,143335,26287],{},[233,143337,143338,143343],{},[236,143339,143340],{},[15,143341,143342],{},"string.strip()",[236,143344,143345],{},[15,143346,143347],{},"string.strip(chars)",[811,143349,143351],{"id":143350},"stringstrip",[15,143352,143342],{},[20,143354,143355],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[41,143357,143359],{"className":43,"code":143358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143360,143361,143374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143362,143363,143365,143367,143369,143372],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143364,7903],{"class":56},[50,143366,61],{"class":60},[50,143368,81],{"class":68},[50,143370,143371],{"class":72},"  Alice  ",[50,143373,3384],{"class":68},[50,143375,143376,143378,143380,143382,143384,143386],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143377,119],{"class":118},[50,143379,122],{"class":64},[50,143381,73],{"class":125},[50,143383,129],{"class":64},[50,143385,8662],{"class":125},[50,143387,1727],{"class":64},[20,143389,2091],{},[41,143391,143393],{"className":43,"code":143392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Alice\n",[15,143394,143395],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143396,143397],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143398,143392],{"class":56},[811,143400,143402],{"id":143401},"stringstripchars",[15,143403,143347],{},[20,143405,143406],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[41,143408,143410],{"className":43,"code":143409,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143411,143412,143425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143413,143414,143416,143418,143420,143423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143415,34492],{"class":56},[50,143417,61],{"class":60},[50,143419,81],{"class":68},[50,143421,143422],{"class":72},"!!hello??",[50,143424,3384],{"class":68},[50,143426,143427,143429,143431,143433,143435,143437,143439,143441,143444,143446],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143428,119],{"class":118},[50,143430,122],{"class":64},[50,143432,34513],{"class":125},[50,143434,129],{"class":64},[50,143436,8662],{"class":125},[50,143438,122],{"class":64},[50,143440,69],{"class":68},[50,143442,143443],{"class":72},"!?",[50,143445,69],{"class":68},[50,143447,1770],{"class":64},[20,143449,2091],{},[41,143451,143452],{"className":43,"code":138489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,143453,143454],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143455,143456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143457,138489],{"class":56},[20,143459,83640],{},[233,143461,143462,143467],{},[236,143463,143464,143466],{},[15,143465,134433],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[236,143468,143469,143470,143472],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143471,134433],{}," does not matter",[219,143474,143476,143477],{"id":143475},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143478,41464],{},[20,143480,30687,143481,129],{},[15,143482,41464],{},[20,143484,143485],{},"It is useful for:",[233,143487,143488,143493,143496,143499],{},[236,143489,143490,143491,3908],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143492,2980],{},[236,143494,143495],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[236,143497,143498],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[236,143500,143501],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143503,48175],{},[41,143505,143507],{"className":43,"code":143506,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143508,143509,143522,143538,143542],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143510,143511,143513,143515,143517,143520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143512,7987],{"class":56},[50,143514,61],{"class":60},[50,143516,81],{"class":68},[50,143518,143519],{"class":72},"  sam  ",[50,143521,3384],{"class":68},[50,143523,143524,143527,143529,143532,143534,143536],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143525,143526],{"class":56},"clean_username ",[50,143528,61],{"class":60},[50,143530,143531],{"class":56}," username",[50,143533,129],{"class":64},[50,143535,8662],{"class":125},[50,143537,8671],{"class":64},[50,143539,143540],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143541,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,143543,143544,143546,143548,143551],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,143545,119],{"class":118},[50,143547,122],{"class":64},[50,143549,143550],{"class":125},"clean_username",[50,143552,414],{"class":64},[20,143554,2091],{},[41,143556,143558],{"className":43,"code":143557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sam\n",[15,143559,143560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143561,143562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143563,143557],{"class":56},[20,143565,143566],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[41,143568,143570],{"className":43,"code":143569,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143571,143572,143585,143589,143611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143573,143574,143576,143578,143580,143583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143575,136417],{"class":56},[50,143577,61],{"class":60},[50,143579,81],{"class":68},[50,143581,143582],{"class":72}," yes  ",[50,143584,3384],{"class":68},[50,143586,143587],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143588,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,143590,143591,143593,143595,143597,143599,143601,143603,143605,143607,143609],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143592,7023],{"class":1622},[50,143594,136437],{"class":56},[50,143596,129],{"class":64},[50,143598,8662],{"class":125},[50,143600,7391],{"class":64},[50,143602,6432],{"class":60},[50,143604,81],{"class":68},[50,143606,8686],{"class":72},[50,143608,69],{"class":68},[50,143610,6417],{"class":64},[50,143612,143613,143615,143617,143619,143622,143624],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,143614,8094],{"class":118},[50,143616,122],{"class":64},[50,143618,69],{"class":68},[50,143620,143621],{"class":72},"Matched",[50,143623,69],{"class":68},[50,143625,414],{"class":64},[20,143627,2091],{},[41,143629,143631],{"className":43,"code":143630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Matched\n",[15,143632,143633],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143634,143635],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143636,143630],{"class":56},[20,143638,143639,143640,129],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[380,143641,143643],{"href":143642},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143645,143646],{},"Example with file-style text:",[41,143648,143650],{"className":43,"code":143649,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143651,143652,143668,143682],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143653,143654,143657,143659,143661,143664,143666],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143655,143656],{"class":56},"line ",[50,143658,61],{"class":60},[50,143660,81],{"class":68},[50,143662,143663],{"class":72},"Python basics",[50,143665,86972],{"class":34257},[50,143667,3384],{"class":68},[50,143669,143670,143672,143674,143676,143678,143680],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143671,119],{"class":118},[50,143673,122],{"class":64},[50,143675,41590],{"class":118},[50,143677,122],{"class":64},[50,143679,52],{"class":125},[50,143681,1770],{"class":64},[50,143683,143684,143686,143688,143690,143692,143694,143696,143698],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143685,119],{"class":118},[50,143687,122],{"class":64},[50,143689,41590],{"class":118},[50,143691,122],{"class":64},[50,143693,52],{"class":125},[50,143695,129],{"class":64},[50,143697,8662],{"class":125},[50,143699,6314],{"class":64},[20,143701,2091],{},[41,143703,143705],{"className":43,"code":143704,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143706,143707,143718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143708,143709,143711,143713,143716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143710,1736],{"class":43140},[50,143712,143663],{"class":43144},[50,143714,86972],{"class":143715},"sfi6f",[50,143717,29501],{"class":43140},[50,143719,143720,143722,143724],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143721,1736],{"class":43140},[50,143723,143663],{"class":43144},[50,143725,29501],{"class":43140},[20,143727,8444,143728,143730,143731,129],{},[15,143729,122388],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143732,86972],{},[20,143734,143735,143736,129],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[380,143737,143738],{"href":87625},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[219,143740,143742],{"id":143741},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143744,143745,143746,129],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143747,143748],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143750,143751],{},"Python will:",[233,143753,143754,143757,143760],{},[236,143755,143756],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[236,143758,143759],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[236,143761,143762],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143764,253],{},[41,143766,143768],{"className":43,"code":143767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143769,143770,143783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143771,143772,143774,143776,143778,143781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143773,34492],{"class":56},[50,143775,61],{"class":60},[50,143777,81],{"class":68},[50,143779,143780],{"class":72},"??hello!!",[50,143782,3384],{"class":68},[50,143784,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143797,143799,143801,143803],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143786,119],{"class":118},[50,143788,122],{"class":64},[50,143790,34513],{"class":125},[50,143792,129],{"class":64},[50,143794,8662],{"class":125},[50,143796,122],{"class":64},[50,143798,69],{"class":68},[50,143800,143443],{"class":72},[50,143802,69],{"class":68},[50,143804,1770],{"class":64},[20,143806,2091],{},[41,143808,143809],{"className":43,"code":138489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,143810,143811],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143812,143813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143814,138489],{"class":56},[20,143816,51895],{},[41,143818,143820],{"className":43,"code":143819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143821,143822,143835],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143823,143824,143826,143828,143830,143833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143825,34492],{"class":56},[50,143827,61],{"class":60},[50,143829,81],{"class":68},[50,143831,143832],{"class":72},"abcHelloCba",[50,143834,3384],{"class":68},[50,143836,143837,143839,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143838,119],{"class":118},[50,143840,122],{"class":64},[50,143842,34513],{"class":125},[50,143844,129],{"class":64},[50,143846,8662],{"class":125},[50,143848,122],{"class":64},[50,143850,69],{"class":68},[50,143852,41371],{"class":72},[50,143854,69],{"class":68},[50,143856,1770],{"class":64},[20,143858,2091],{},[41,143860,143862],{"className":43,"code":143861,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HelloC\n",[15,143863,143864],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143865,143866],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143867,143861],{"class":56},[20,143869,6259],{},[20,143871,143872,14059,143875,143877,143878,143880,143881,32,143883,2213,143885,143887],{},[15,143873,143874],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[997,143876,1262],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143879,41371],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143882,380],{},[15,143884,4784],{},[15,143886,9763],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143889,143890],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143892,143893,143894,6656],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[380,143895,143896],{"href":129755},[15,143897,124345],{},[219,143899,143901,10608,143903,10608,143906],{"id":143900},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143902,41464],{},[15,143904,143905],{},"lstrip()",[15,143907,143908],{},"rstrip()",[20,143910,143911],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[233,143913,143914,143919,143924],{},[236,143915,143916,143918],{},[15,143917,41464],{}," removes from both ends",[236,143920,143921,143923],{},[15,143922,143905],{}," removes from the left side only",[236,143925,143926,143928],{},[15,143927,143908],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143930,253],{},[41,143932,143934],{"className":43,"code":143933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143935,143936,143948,143952,143970,143989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143937,143938,143940,143942,143944,143946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143939,34492],{"class":56},[50,143941,61],{"class":60},[50,143943,81],{"class":68},[50,143945,143181],{"class":72},[50,143947,3384],{"class":68},[50,143949,143950],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143951,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,143953,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962,143964,143966,143968],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143955,119],{"class":118},[50,143957,122],{"class":64},[50,143959,41590],{"class":118},[50,143961,122],{"class":64},[50,143963,34513],{"class":125},[50,143965,129],{"class":64},[50,143967,8662],{"class":125},[50,143969,6314],{"class":64},[50,143971,143972,143974,143976,143978,143980,143982,143984,143987],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,143973,119],{"class":118},[50,143975,122],{"class":64},[50,143977,41590],{"class":118},[50,143979,122],{"class":64},[50,143981,34513],{"class":125},[50,143983,129],{"class":64},[50,143985,143986],{"class":125},"lstrip",[50,143988,6314],{"class":64},[50,143990,143991,143993,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144006],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,143992,119],{"class":118},[50,143994,122],{"class":64},[50,143996,41590],{"class":118},[50,143998,122],{"class":64},[50,144000,34513],{"class":125},[50,144002,129],{"class":64},[50,144004,144005],{"class":125},"rstrip",[50,144007,6314],{"class":64},[20,144009,2091],{},[41,144011,144013],{"className":43,"code":144012,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144014,144015,144023,144032],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144016,144017,144019,144021],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144018,1736],{"class":43140},[50,144020,3870],{"class":43144},[50,144022,29501],{"class":43140},[50,144024,144025,144027,144030],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144026,1736],{"class":43140},[50,144028,144029],{"class":43144},"hello  ",[50,144031,29501],{"class":43140},[50,144033,144034,144036,144039],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144035,1736],{"class":43140},[50,144037,144038],{"class":43144},"  hello",[50,144040,29501],{"class":43140},[20,144042,144043],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[219,144045,108182],{"id":108181},[20,144047,144048],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[233,144050,144051,144059,144069,144072],{},[236,144052,144053,144055,144056,144058],{},[15,144054,143874],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144057,41340],{}," once",[236,144060,144061,144062,32,144064,2213,144066,144068],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144063,380],{},[15,144065,4784],{},[15,144067,9763],{}," from both ends",[236,144070,144071],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[236,144073,144074],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144076,253],{},[41,144078,144080],{"className":43,"code":144079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144081,144082,144095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144083,144084,144086,144088,144090,144093],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144085,126257],{"class":56},[50,144087,61],{"class":60},[50,144089,81],{"class":68},[50,144091,144092],{"class":72},"txt_report.txt",[50,144094,3384],{"class":68},[50,144096,144097,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111,144113,144115],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144098,119],{"class":118},[50,144100,122],{"class":64},[50,144102,126275],{"class":125},[50,144104,129],{"class":64},[50,144106,8662],{"class":125},[50,144108,122],{"class":64},[50,144110,69],{"class":68},[50,144112,126310],{"class":72},[50,144114,69],{"class":68},[50,144116,1770],{"class":64},[20,144118,2091],{},[41,144120,144122],{"className":43,"code":144121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"_report\n",[15,144123,144124],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144125,144126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144127,144121],{"class":56},[20,144129,144130,144131,32,144133,2213,144135,144137],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144132,129],{},[15,144134,63105],{},[15,144136,2194],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144139,53469,144140,4807,144143,144145],{},[15,144141,144142],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[997,144144,1262],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144147,144148,144149,144153],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[380,144150,144151],{"href":129755},[15,144152,124345],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[219,144155,582,144157],{"id":144156},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144158,41464],{},[20,144160,212,144161,144163],{},[15,144162,41464],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144165,36233],{},[233,144167,144168,144172,144174,144177],{},[236,144169,143490,144170,3908],{},[15,144171,2980],{},[236,144173,143495],{},[236,144175,144176],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[236,144178,144179],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144181,253],{},[41,144183,144185],{"className":43,"code":144184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144186,144187,144201,144205,144218],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144188,144189,144192,144194,144196,144199],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144190,144191],{"class":56},"email ",[50,144193,61],{"class":60},[50,144195,81],{"class":68},[50,144197,144198],{"class":72},"  user@example.com  ",[50,144200,3384],{"class":68},[50,144202,144203],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144204,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144206,144207,144209,144212,144214,144216],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144208,7023],{"class":1622},[50,144210,144211],{"class":56}," email",[50,144213,129],{"class":64},[50,144215,8662],{"class":125},[50,144217,21393],{"class":64},[50,144219,144220,144222,144224,144226,144229,144231],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,144221,8094],{"class":118},[50,144223,122],{"class":64},[50,144225,69],{"class":68},[50,144227,144228],{"class":72},"Email was entered",[50,144230,69],{"class":68},[50,144232,414],{"class":64},[20,144234,2091],{},[41,144236,144238],{"className":43,"code":144237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Email was entered\n",[15,144239,144240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144241,144242],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144243,144237],{"class":56},[20,144245,144246,144247,144249,144250,129],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144248,41464],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[380,144251,144252],{"href":123901},[15,144253,123904],{},[219,144255,1663],{"id":1662},[20,144257,84059],{},[233,144259,144260,144264,144269,144274],{},[236,144261,8480,144262,131394],{},[15,144263,41464],{},[236,144265,8480,144266,144268],{},[15,144267,41464],{}," to remove text from the middle",[236,144270,8444,144271,144273],{},[15,144272,144142],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[236,144275,1678,144276,144279],{},[15,144277,144278],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144281,144282],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[41,144284,144286],{"className":43,"code":144285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144287,144288,144302,144306,144316,144330,144344],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144289,144290,144292,144294,144296,144298,144300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144291,34492],{"class":56},[50,144293,61],{"class":60},[50,144295,81],{"class":68},[50,144297,144038],{"class":72},[50,144299,86972],{"class":34257},[50,144301,3384],{"class":68},[50,144303,144304],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144305,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144307,144308,144310,144312,144314],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144309,119],{"class":118},[50,144311,122],{"class":64},[50,144313,34513],{"class":125},[50,144315,414],{"class":64},[50,144317,144318,144320,144322,144324,144326,144328],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,144319,119],{"class":118},[50,144321,122],{"class":64},[50,144323,41590],{"class":118},[50,144325,122],{"class":64},[50,144327,34513],{"class":125},[50,144329,1770],{"class":64},[50,144331,144332,144334,144336,144338,144340,144342],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,144333,119],{"class":118},[50,144335,122],{"class":64},[50,144337,34513],{"class":125},[50,144339,129],{"class":64},[50,144341,8662],{"class":125},[50,144343,1727],{"class":64},[50,144345,144346,144348,144350,144352,144354,144356,144358,144360],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,144347,119],{"class":118},[50,144349,122],{"class":64},[50,144351,41590],{"class":118},[50,144353,122],{"class":64},[50,144355,34513],{"class":125},[50,144357,129],{"class":64},[50,144359,8662],{"class":125},[50,144361,6314],{"class":64},[20,144363,2091],{},[41,144365,144367],{"className":43,"code":144366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144368,144369,144374,144378,144388,144392],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144370,144371],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144372,144373],{"class":56},"  hello\n",[50,144375,144376],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144377,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144379,144380,144382,144384,144386],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144381,1736],{"class":43140},[50,144383,144038],{"class":43144},[50,144385,86972],{"class":143715},[50,144387,29501],{"class":43140},[50,144389,144390],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,144391,138489],{"class":56},[50,144393,144394,144396,144398],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,144395,1736],{"class":43140},[50,144397,3870],{"class":43144},[50,144399,29501],{"class":43140},[20,144401,144402],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[41,144404,144406],{"className":43,"code":144405,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144407,144408,144418,144432,144446,144464],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144409,144410,144412,144414,144416],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144411,119],{"class":118},[50,144413,122],{"class":64},[50,144415,34513],{"class":125},[50,144417,414],{"class":64},[50,144419,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428,144430],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144421,119],{"class":118},[50,144423,122],{"class":64},[50,144425,41590],{"class":118},[50,144427,122],{"class":64},[50,144429,34513],{"class":125},[50,144431,1770],{"class":64},[50,144433,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442,144444],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144435,119],{"class":118},[50,144437,122],{"class":64},[50,144439,34513],{"class":125},[50,144441,129],{"class":64},[50,144443,8662],{"class":125},[50,144445,1727],{"class":64},[50,144447,144448,144450,144452,144454,144456,144458,144460,144462],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,144449,119],{"class":118},[50,144451,122],{"class":64},[50,144453,41590],{"class":118},[50,144455,122],{"class":64},[50,144457,34513],{"class":125},[50,144459,129],{"class":64},[50,144461,8662],{"class":125},[50,144463,6314],{"class":64},[50,144465,144466,144468,144470,144472,144474,144476],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,144467,31955],{"class":118},[50,144469,122],{"class":64},[50,144471,3470],{"class":1779},[50,144473,129],{"class":64},[50,144475,8662],{"class":24549},[50,144477,414],{"class":64},[20,144479,144480,144482],{},[15,144481,122388],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[219,144484,1857],{"id":1856},[811,144486,1861,144488,144490],{"id":144487},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144489,41464],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144492,46178,144493,144495],{},[15,144494,41464],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[811,144497,1861,144499,124501],{"id":144498},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144500,41464],{},[20,144502,144503],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[811,144505,5164,144507,144509],{"id":144506},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144508,41464],{}," remove by default?",[20,144511,144512],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[811,144514,34009,144516,34012,144518,1867],{"id":144515},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144517,41464],{},[15,144519,124345],{},[20,144521,144522,144524,144525,144527],{},[15,144523,41464],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144526,124345],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[811,144529,144531],{"id":144530},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144533,128047,144534,144536,144537,144539],{},[15,144535,143905],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144538,143908],{}," for the right side.",[219,144541,1909],{"id":1908},[233,144543,144544,144550,144556,144561,144566],{},[236,144545,144546],{},[380,144547,126174,144548,1845],{"href":123901},[15,144549,123904],{},[236,144551,144552],{},[380,144553,126174,144554,1845],{"href":129755},[15,144555,124345],{},[236,144557,144558],{},[380,144559,144560],{"href":143642},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[236,144562,144563],{},[380,144564,144565],{"href":87625},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[236,144567,144568],{},[380,144569,124929],{"href":50790},[1944,144571,144572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":144574},[144575,144576,144578,144582,144584,144585,144587,144588,144590,144591,144602],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":143227,"depth":108,"text":144577},"What strip() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":144579},[144580,144581],{"id":143350,"depth":115,"text":143342},{"id":143401,"depth":115,"text":143347},{"id":143475,"depth":108,"text":144583},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143741,"depth":108,"text":143742},{"id":143900,"depth":108,"text":144586},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108181,"depth":108,"text":108182},{"id":144156,"depth":108,"text":144589},"When to use strip()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":144592},[144593,144595,144597,144599,144601],{"id":144487,"depth":115,"text":144594},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144498,"depth":115,"text":144596},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144506,"depth":115,"text":144598},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144515,"depth":115,"text":144600},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144530,"depth":115,"text":144531},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143148,"description":144603},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144610,"title":144611,"body":144612,"description":145792,"extension":1981,"meta":145793,"navigation":111,"path":145794,"seo":145795,"stem":145796,"__hash__":145797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144613,"toc":145762},[144614,144619,144624,144629,144631,144677,144685,144690,144704,144710,144712,144714,144729,144731,144741,144744,144775,144778,144801,144803,144806,144863,144865,144879,144881,144895,144901,144906,144909,144950,144952,144961,144969,144972,145017,145019,145028,145031,145035,145040,145054,145056,145088,145090,145110,145113,145118,145123,145125,145136,145139,145196,145198,145206,145215,145217,145219,145225,145227,145264,145266,145274,145276,145317,145319,145328,145333,145338,145340,145367,145374,145377,145408,145410,145419,145425,145434,145465,145467,145479,145492,145496,145501,145531,145533,145600,145602,145612,145614,145619,145622,145627,145632,145636,145642,145648,145651,145653,145711,145713,145721,145723,145759],[10,144615,123174,144617,18],{"id":144616},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144618,128052],{},[20,144620,123179,144621,144623],{},[15,144622,128052],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144625,84436,144626,144628],{},[15,144627,128052],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[219,144630,2022],{"id":2021},[41,144632,144634],{"className":43,"code":144633,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144635,144636,144648,144662,144672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144637,144638,144640,144642,144644,144646],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144639,34492],{"class":56},[50,144641,61],{"class":60},[50,144643,81],{"class":68},[50,144645,128893],{"class":72},[50,144647,3384],{"class":68},[50,144649,144650,144652,144654,144656,144658,144660],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144651,2250],{"class":56},[50,144653,61],{"class":60},[50,144655,42653],{"class":56},[50,144657,129],{"class":64},[50,144659,34282],{"class":125},[50,144661,8671],{"class":64},[50,144663,144664,144666,144668,144670],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144665,119],{"class":118},[50,144667,122],{"class":64},[50,144669,2285],{"class":125},[50,144671,414],{"class":64},[50,144673,144674],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,144675,144676],{"class":146},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144678,144679,144681,144682,144684],{},[15,144680,128052],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[997,144683,1262],{}," change the original string in place.",[219,144686,222,144688,225],{"id":144687},"what-upper-does",[15,144689,128052],{},[233,144691,144692,144697,144700,144702],{},[236,144693,144694,144696],{},[15,144695,128052],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[236,144698,144699],{},"It works on string values only",[236,144701,133422],{},[236,144703,136140],{},[20,144705,124926,144706,2901,144708,129],{},[380,144707,136146],{"href":136145},[380,144709,124929],{"href":50790},[219,144711,387],{"id":386},[20,144713,2180],{},[41,144715,144717],{"className":43,"code":144716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.upper()\n",[15,144718,144719],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144720,144721,144723,144725,144727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144722,60992],{"class":56},[50,144724,129],{"class":64},[50,144726,34282],{"class":125},[50,144728,8671],{"class":64},[20,144730,11473],{},[233,144732,144733,144735,144738],{},[236,144734,97347],{},[236,144736,144737],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[236,144739,144740],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144742,144743],{},"Example with a variable:",[41,144745,144747],{"className":43,"code":144746,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144748,144749,144761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144750,144751,144753,144755,144757,144759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144752,7903],{"class":56},[50,144754,61],{"class":60},[50,144756,81],{"class":68},[50,144758,45],{"class":72},[50,144760,3384],{"class":68},[50,144762,144763,144765,144767,144769,144771,144773],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144764,119],{"class":118},[50,144766,122],{"class":64},[50,144768,73],{"class":125},[50,144770,129],{"class":64},[50,144772,34282],{"class":125},[50,144774,1727],{"class":64},[20,144776,144777],{},"Example with a string literal:",[41,144779,144781],{"className":43,"code":144780,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144782,144783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144784,144785,144787,144789,144791,144793,144795,144797,144799],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144786,119],{"class":118},[50,144788,122],{"class":64},[50,144790,69],{"class":68},[50,144792,3870],{"class":72},[50,144794,69],{"class":68},[50,144796,129],{"class":64},[50,144798,34282],{"class":125},[50,144800,1727],{"class":64},[219,144802,11490],{"id":11489},[20,144804,144805],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[41,144807,144809],{"className":43,"code":144808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144810,144811,144823,144838,144842,144852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144812,144813,144815,144817,144819,144821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144814,6178],{"class":56},[50,144816,61],{"class":60},[50,144818,81],{"class":68},[50,144820,4111],{"class":72},[50,144822,3384],{"class":68},[50,144824,144825,144828,144830,144832,144834,144836],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144826,144827],{"class":56},"uppercase_word ",[50,144829,61],{"class":60},[50,144831,38190],{"class":56},[50,144833,129],{"class":64},[50,144835,34282],{"class":125},[50,144837,8671],{"class":64},[50,144839,144840],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144841,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144843,144844,144846,144848,144850],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,144845,119],{"class":118},[50,144847,122],{"class":64},[50,144849,38200],{"class":125},[50,144851,414],{"class":64},[50,144853,144854,144856,144858,144861],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,144855,119],{"class":118},[50,144857,122],{"class":64},[50,144859,144860],{"class":125},"uppercase_word",[50,144862,414],{"class":64},[20,144864,2091],{},[41,144866,144868],{"className":43,"code":144867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144869,144870,144874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144871,144872],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144873,70225],{"class":56},[50,144875,144876],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144877,144878],{"class":34257},"BANANA\n",[20,144880,112288],{},[233,144882,144883,144888],{},[236,144884,144885,144887],{},[15,144886,38200],{}," keeps its original value",[236,144889,144890,144892,144893],{},[15,144891,144860],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144894,128052],{},[219,144896,144898,144900],{"id":144897},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144899,128052],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144902,136806,144903,144905],{},[997,144904,136809],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144907,144908],{},"So this method:",[41,144910,144912],{"className":43,"code":144911,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144913,144914,144926,144936,144940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144915,144916,144918,144920,144922,144924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144917,7903],{"class":56},[50,144919,61],{"class":60},[50,144921,81],{"class":68},[50,144923,17796],{"class":72},[50,144925,3384],{"class":68},[50,144927,144928,144930,144932,144934],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144929,73],{"class":56},[50,144931,129],{"class":64},[50,144933,34282],{"class":125},[50,144935,8671],{"class":64},[50,144937,144938],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144939,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,144943,119],{"class":118},[50,144945,122],{"class":64},[50,144947,73],{"class":125},[50,144949,414],{"class":64},[20,144951,2091],{},[41,144953,144955],{"className":43,"code":144954,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"alice\n",[15,144956,144957],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144958,144959],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144960,144954],{"class":56},[20,144962,1423,144963,144965,144966,144968],{},[15,144964,128052],{}," was called, ",[15,144967,73],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144970,144971],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[41,144973,144975],{"className":43,"code":144974,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144976,144977,144989,145003,145007],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144978,144979,144981,144983,144985,144987],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144980,7903],{"class":56},[50,144982,61],{"class":60},[50,144984,81],{"class":68},[50,144986,17796],{"class":72},[50,144988,3384],{"class":68},[50,144990,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999,145001],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144992,7903],{"class":56},[50,144994,61],{"class":60},[50,144996,35798],{"class":56},[50,144998,129],{"class":64},[50,145000,34282],{"class":125},[50,145002,8671],{"class":64},[50,145004,145005],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145006,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145008,145009,145011,145013,145015],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,145010,119],{"class":118},[50,145012,122],{"class":64},[50,145014,73],{"class":125},[50,145016,414],{"class":64},[20,145018,2091],{},[41,145020,145022],{"className":43,"code":145021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ALICE\n",[15,145023,145024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145025,145026],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145027,145021],{"class":34257},[20,145029,145030],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[219,145032,145034],{"id":145033},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145036,145037,145039],{},[15,145038,128052],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[233,145041,145042,145045,145048,145051],{},[236,145043,145044],{},"Numbers stay the same",[236,145046,145047],{},"Spaces stay the same",[236,145049,145050],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[236,145052,145053],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145055,253],{},[41,145057,145059],{"className":43,"code":145058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145060,145061,145074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145062,145063,145065,145067,145069,145072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145064,34492],{"class":56},[50,145066,61],{"class":60},[50,145068,81],{"class":68},[50,145070,145071],{"class":72},"Room 7, table #3!",[50,145073,3384],{"class":68},[50,145075,145076,145078,145080,145082,145084,145086],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145077,119],{"class":118},[50,145079,122],{"class":64},[50,145081,34513],{"class":125},[50,145083,129],{"class":64},[50,145085,34282],{"class":125},[50,145087,1727],{"class":64},[20,145089,2091],{},[41,145091,145093],{"className":43,"code":145092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145094,145095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145096,145097,145100,145102,145104,145107],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145098,145099],{"class":34257},"ROOM",[50,145101,6018],{"class":101},[50,145103,89],{"class":64},[50,145105,145106],{"class":34257}," TABLE",[50,145108,145109],{"class":146}," #3!\n",[20,145111,145112],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[219,145114,582,145116],{"id":145115},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145117,128052],{},[20,145119,145120,145122],{},[15,145121,128052],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145124,48153],{},[233,145126,145127,145130,145133],{},[236,145128,145129],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[236,145131,145132],{},"Format labels or headings",[236,145134,145135],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145137,145138],{},"Example: simple comparison",[41,145140,145142],{"className":43,"code":145141,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145143,145144,145156,145160,145182],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145145,145146,145148,145150,145152,145154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145147,136417],{"class":56},[50,145149,61],{"class":60},[50,145151,81],{"class":68},[50,145153,8686],{"class":72},[50,145155,3384],{"class":68},[50,145157,145158],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145159,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145161,145162,145164,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174,145176,145178,145180],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145163,7023],{"class":1622},[50,145165,136437],{"class":56},[50,145167,129],{"class":64},[50,145169,34282],{"class":125},[50,145171,7391],{"class":64},[50,145173,6432],{"class":60},[50,145175,81],{"class":68},[50,145177,136424],{"class":72},[50,145179,69],{"class":68},[50,145181,6417],{"class":64},[50,145183,145184,145186,145188,145190,145192,145194],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,145185,8094],{"class":118},[50,145187,122],{"class":64},[50,145189,69],{"class":68},[50,145191,143621],{"class":72},[50,145193,69],{"class":68},[50,145195,414],{"class":64},[20,145197,2091],{},[41,145199,145200],{"className":43,"code":143630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145201,145202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145203,145204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145205,143630],{"class":56},[20,145207,145208,145209,32,145211,2213,145213,129],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145210,8686],{},[15,145212,137210],{},[15,145214,136424],{},[219,145216,1663],{"id":1662},[811,145218,95708],{"id":95707},[20,145220,8142,145221,145224],{},[15,145222,145223],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145226,16643],{},[41,145228,145230],{"className":43,"code":145229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145231,145232,145244,145254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145233,145234,145236,145238,145240,145242],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145235,34492],{"class":56},[50,145237,61],{"class":60},[50,145239,81],{"class":68},[50,145241,3870],{"class":72},[50,145243,3384],{"class":68},[50,145245,145246,145248,145250,145252],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145247,34513],{"class":56},[50,145249,129],{"class":64},[50,145251,34282],{"class":125},[50,145253,8671],{"class":64},[50,145255,145256,145258,145260,145262],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145257,119],{"class":118},[50,145259,122],{"class":64},[50,145261,34513],{"class":125},[50,145263,414],{"class":64},[20,145265,2091],{},[41,145267,145268],{"className":43,"code":138489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145269,145270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145271,145272],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145273,138489],{"class":56},[20,145275,16655],{},[41,145277,145279],{"className":43,"code":145278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145280,145281,145293,145307],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145282,145283,145285,145287,145289,145291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145284,34492],{"class":56},[50,145286,61],{"class":60},[50,145288,81],{"class":68},[50,145290,3870],{"class":72},[50,145292,3384],{"class":68},[50,145294,145295,145297,145299,145301,145303,145305],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145296,34492],{"class":56},[50,145298,61],{"class":60},[50,145300,42653],{"class":56},[50,145302,129],{"class":64},[50,145304,34282],{"class":125},[50,145306,8671],{"class":64},[50,145308,145309,145311,145313,145315],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145310,119],{"class":118},[50,145312,122],{"class":64},[50,145314,34513],{"class":125},[50,145316,414],{"class":64},[20,145318,2091],{},[41,145320,145322],{"className":43,"code":145321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HELLO\n",[15,145323,145324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145325,145326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145327,145321],{"class":34257},[811,145329,18897,145331,137096],{"id":145330},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145332,128052],{},[20,145334,145335,145337],{},[15,145336,128052],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145339,253],{},[41,145341,145343],{"className":43,"code":145342,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145344,145345,145353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145346,145347,145349,145351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145348,2237],{"class":56},[50,145350,61],{"class":60},[50,145352,124856],{"class":101},[50,145354,145355,145357,145359,145361,145363,145365],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145356,119],{"class":118},[50,145358,122],{"class":64},[50,145360,2260],{"class":125},[50,145362,129],{"class":64},[50,145364,34282],{"class":125},[50,145366,1727],{"class":64},[20,145368,39463,145369,145371,145372,33404],{},[15,145370,2209],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145373,128052],{},[20,145375,145376],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[41,145378,145380],{"className":43,"code":145379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145381,145382,145390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145383,145384,145386,145388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145385,2237],{"class":56},[50,145387,61],{"class":60},[50,145389,124856],{"class":101},[50,145391,145392,145394,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145393,119],{"class":118},[50,145395,122],{"class":64},[50,145397,3470],{"class":1779},[50,145399,122],{"class":64},[50,145401,2260],{"class":125},[50,145403,8659],{"class":64},[50,145405,34282],{"class":125},[50,145407,1727],{"class":64},[20,145409,2091],{},[41,145411,145413],{"className":43,"code":145412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"123\n",[15,145414,145415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145416,145417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145418,145412],{"class":101},[811,145420,37012,145422,145424],{"id":145421},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145423,128052],{}," with title case",[20,145426,145427,145429,145430,145433],{},[15,145428,128052],{}," makes ",[997,145431,145432],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[41,145435,145437],{"className":43,"code":145436,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145438,145439,145451],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145440,145441,145443,145445,145447,145449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145442,34492],{"class":56},[50,145444,61],{"class":60},[50,145446,81],{"class":68},[50,145448,60224],{"class":72},[50,145450,3384],{"class":68},[50,145452,145453,145455,145457,145459,145461,145463],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145454,119],{"class":118},[50,145456,122],{"class":64},[50,145458,34513],{"class":125},[50,145460,129],{"class":64},[50,145462,34282],{"class":125},[50,145464,1727],{"class":64},[20,145466,2091],{},[41,145468,145470],{"className":43,"code":145469,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145471,145472],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145473,145474,145476],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145475,136198],{"class":34257},[50,145477,145478],{"class":34257}," WORLD\n",[20,145480,145481,145482,145486,145487,145491],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[380,145483,145484],{"href":123901},[15,145485,123904],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[380,145488,145489],{"href":129755},[15,145490,124345],{}," changes parts of a string.",[219,145493,145495],{"id":145494},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145497,145498,145499,78],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145500,128052],{},[233,145502,145503,145510,145517,145524],{},[236,145504,145505,145509],{},[380,145506,145507],{"href":123901},[15,145508,123904],{}," for lowercase text",[236,145511,145512,145516],{},[380,145513,145514],{"href":136744},[15,145515,41464],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[236,145518,145519,145523],{},[380,145520,145521],{"href":129755},[15,145522,124345],{}," for changing parts of a string",[236,145525,145526,1846,145528,145530],{},[15,145527,127542],{},[15,145529,126232],{}," for checks",[20,145532,253],{},[41,145534,145536],{"className":43,"code":145535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145537,145538,145550,145554,145569,145585,145589],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145539,145540,145542,145544,145546,145548],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145541,34492],{"class":56},[50,145543,61],{"class":60},[50,145545,81],{"class":68},[50,145547,143272],{"class":72},[50,145549,3384],{"class":68},[50,145551,145552],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145553,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145555,145556,145559,145561,145563,145565,145567],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145557,145558],{"class":56},"cleaned ",[50,145560,61],{"class":60},[50,145562,42653],{"class":56},[50,145564,129],{"class":64},[50,145566,8662],{"class":125},[50,145568,8671],{"class":64},[50,145570,145571,145574,145576,145579,145581,145583],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,145572,145573],{"class":56},"loud ",[50,145575,61],{"class":60},[50,145577,145578],{"class":56}," cleaned",[50,145580,129],{"class":64},[50,145582,34282],{"class":125},[50,145584,8671],{"class":64},[50,145586,145587],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,145588,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145590,145591,145593,145595,145598],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,145592,119],{"class":118},[50,145594,122],{"class":64},[50,145596,145597],{"class":125},"loud",[50,145599,414],{"class":64},[20,145601,2091],{},[41,145603,145604],{"className":43,"code":145469,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145605,145606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145607,145608,145610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145609,136198],{"class":34257},[50,145611,145478],{"class":34257},[219,145613,1857],{"id":1856},[811,145615,1861,145617,124501],{"id":145616},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145618,128052],{},[20,145620,145621],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[811,145623,1861,145625,137478],{"id":145624},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145626,128052],{},[20,145628,145629,145630,129],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145631,145223],{},[811,145633,145635],{"id":145634},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145637,145638,145639,145641],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145640,128052],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[811,145643,28129,145645,145647],{"id":145644},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145646,128052],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145649,145650],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145652,253],{},[41,145654,145656],{"className":43,"code":145655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145657,145658,145670,145683,145687],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145659,145660,145662,145664,145666,145668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145661,2577],{"class":56},[50,145663,61],{"class":60},[50,145665,81],{"class":68},[50,145667,45],{"class":72},[50,145669,3384],{"class":68},[50,145671,145672,145674,145676,145678,145681],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145673,2605],{"class":56},[50,145675,61],{"class":60},[50,145677,81],{"class":68},[50,145679,145680],{"class":72},"PYTHON",[50,145682,3384],{"class":68},[50,145684,145685],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145686,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145688,145689,145691,145693,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703,145705,145707,145709],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,145690,119],{"class":118},[50,145692,122],{"class":64},[50,145694,380],{"class":125},[50,145696,129],{"class":64},[50,145698,34282],{"class":125},[50,145700,7391],{"class":64},[50,145702,6432],{"class":60},[50,145704,2582],{"class":125},[50,145706,129],{"class":64},[50,145708,34282],{"class":125},[50,145710,1727],{"class":64},[20,145712,2091],{},[41,145714,145715],{"className":43,"code":4002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145716,145717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145718,145719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145720,4002],{"class":1494},[219,145722,1909],{"id":1908},[233,145724,145725,145729,145735,145741,145747,145751,145755],{},[236,145726,145727],{},[380,145728,124929],{"href":50790},[236,145730,145731],{},[380,145732,126174,145733,1845],{"href":123901},[15,145734,123904],{},[236,145736,145737],{},[380,145738,126174,145739,1845],{"href":136744},[15,145740,41464],{},[236,145742,145743],{},[380,145744,126174,145745,1845],{"href":129755},[15,145746,124345],{},[236,145748,145749],{},[380,145750,90502],{"href":89511},[236,145752,145753],{},[380,145754,124573],{"href":123429},[236,145756,145757],{},[380,145758,137564],{"href":136145},[1944,145760,145761],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":145763},[145764,145765,145767,145768,145769,145771,145772,145774,145781,145782,145791],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":144687,"depth":108,"text":145766},"What upper() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":144897,"depth":108,"text":145770},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145033,"depth":108,"text":145034},{"id":145115,"depth":108,"text":145773},"When to use upper()",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":145775},[145776,145777,145779],{"id":95707,"depth":115,"text":95708},{"id":145330,"depth":115,"text":145778},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145421,"depth":115,"text":145780},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145494,"depth":108,"text":145495},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":145783},[145784,145786,145788,145789],{"id":145616,"depth":115,"text":145785},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145624,"depth":115,"text":145787},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145634,"depth":115,"text":145635},{"id":145644,"depth":115,"text":145790},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144611,"description":145792},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145799,"title":145800,"body":145801,"description":147678,"extension":1981,"meta":147679,"navigation":111,"path":147680,"seo":147681,"stem":147682,"__hash__":147683},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145802,"toc":147628},[145803,145809,145816,145822,145824,145880,145885,145890,145895,145898,145917,145920,145922,145946,145964,145975,145977,145980,146033,146035,146043,146045,146063,146068,146071,146128,146130,146139,146142,146162,146165,146171,146176,146178,146221,146223,146231,146234,146275,146277,146286,146292,146298,146325,146327,146335,146340,146344,146356,146399,146401,146409,146414,146420,146425,146429,146431,146474,146477,146524,146526,146535,146542,146546,146549,146595,146600,146604,146606,146649,146652,146660,146662,146667,146669,146671,146690,146693,146705,146707,146726,146728,146736,146740,146742,146793,146796,146871,146873,146881,146884,146888,146890,146937,146940,147011,147013,147021,147027,147029,147104,147108,147187,147189,147197,147203,147209,147214,147219,147268,147272,147343,147346,147351,147362,147365,147376,147386,147388,147393,147418,147423,147504,147506,147531,147533,147538,147541,147547,147556,147562,147565,147571,147577,147584,147587,147589,147625],[10,145804,3603,145806,3607],{"id":145805},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145807,145808],{},"sum()",[20,145810,9152,145811,145813,145814,24563],{},[15,145812,145808],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145815,59816],{},[20,145817,145818,145819,145821],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145820,35879],{}," value and a few important limits.",[219,145823,2022],{"id":2021},[41,145825,145827],{"className":43,"code":145826,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145828,145829,145853,145868],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145830,145831,145833,145835,145837,145839,145841,145843,145845,145847,145849,145851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145832,3647],{"class":56},[50,145834,61],{"class":60},[50,145836,3652],{"class":64},[50,145838,3011],{"class":101},[50,145840,89],{"class":64},[50,145842,3016],{"class":101},[50,145844,89],{"class":64},[50,145846,2473],{"class":101},[50,145848,89],{"class":64},[50,145850,2479],{"class":101},[50,145852,788],{"class":64},[50,145854,145855,145857,145859,145862,145864,145866],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145856,40993],{"class":56},[50,145858,61],{"class":60},[50,145860,145861],{"class":118}," sum",[50,145863,122],{"class":64},[50,145865,3678],{"class":125},[50,145867,414],{"class":64},[50,145869,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145871,119],{"class":118},[50,145873,122],{"class":64},[50,145875,41022],{"class":125},[50,145877,1206],{"class":64},[50,145879,26595],{"class":146},[20,145881,212,145882,145884],{},[15,145883,145808],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[219,145886,222,145888,225],{"id":145887},"what-sum-does",[15,145889,145808],{},[20,145891,145892,145894],{},[15,145893,145808],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145896,145897],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[233,145899,145900,145903,145906,145911],{},[236,145901,145902],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[236,145904,145905],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[236,145907,145908,145909],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145910,36005],{},[236,145912,145913,145914,145916],{},"Counting ",[15,145915,3632],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145918,145919],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[219,145921,387],{"id":386},[41,145923,145925],{"className":43,"code":145924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145926,145927],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145928,145929,145932,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145930,145931],{"class":118},"sum",[50,145933,122],{"class":64},[50,145935,3748],{"class":125},[50,145937,89],{"class":64},[50,145939,35858],{"class":9202},[50,145941,61],{"class":60},[50,145943,1215],{"class":101},[50,145945,414],{"class":64},[233,145947,145948,145953,145958],{},[236,145949,145950,145952],{},[15,145951,3748],{}," is the group of values to add",[236,145954,145955,145957],{},[15,145956,35879],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[236,145959,145960,145961],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145962,145963],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145965,145966,145967,145970,145971,129],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145968,145969,3748],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[380,145972,145973,24416],{"href":36002},[15,145974,36005],{},[219,145976,11490],{"id":11489},[20,145978,145979],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[41,145981,145983],{"className":43,"code":145982,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145984,145985,146005,146019,146023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145986,145987,145989,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001,146003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145988,3647],{"class":56},[50,145990,61],{"class":60},[50,145992,3652],{"class":64},[50,145994,2157],{"class":101},[50,145996,89],{"class":64},[50,145998,1144],{"class":101},[50,146000,89],{"class":64},[50,146002,37745],{"class":101},[50,146004,788],{"class":64},[50,146006,146007,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146008,40993],{"class":56},[50,146010,61],{"class":60},[50,146012,145861],{"class":118},[50,146014,122],{"class":64},[50,146016,3678],{"class":125},[50,146018,414],{"class":64},[50,146020,146021],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,146022,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,146024,146025,146027,146029,146031],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,146026,119],{"class":118},[50,146028,122],{"class":64},[50,146030,41022],{"class":125},[50,146032,414],{"class":64},[20,146034,2091],{},[41,146036,146037],{"className":43,"code":69659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146038,146039],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146040,146041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146042,69659],{"class":101},[20,146044,11697],{},[233,146046,146047,146052,146058],{},[236,146048,146049,146051],{},[15,146050,3678],{}," contains three integers",[236,146053,146054,146057],{},[15,146055,146056],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[236,146059,146060,146061],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146062,41022],{},[219,146064,36420,146066,8460],{"id":146065},"using-the-start-value",[15,146067,35879],{},[20,146069,146070],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[41,146072,146074],{"className":43,"code":146073,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146075,146076,146096,146114,146118],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146077,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088,146090,146092,146094],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146079,3647],{"class":56},[50,146081,61],{"class":60},[50,146083,3652],{"class":64},[50,146085,3011],{"class":101},[50,146087,89],{"class":64},[50,146089,3016],{"class":101},[50,146091,89],{"class":64},[50,146093,2473],{"class":101},[50,146095,788],{"class":64},[50,146097,146098,146100,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146099,40993],{"class":56},[50,146101,61],{"class":60},[50,146103,145861],{"class":118},[50,146105,122],{"class":64},[50,146107,3678],{"class":125},[50,146109,89],{"class":64},[50,146111,1144],{"class":101},[50,146113,414],{"class":64},[50,146115,146116],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,146117,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,146119,146120,146122,146124,146126],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,146121,119],{"class":118},[50,146123,122],{"class":64},[50,146125,41022],{"class":125},[50,146127,414],{"class":64},[20,146129,2091],{},[41,146131,146133],{"className":43,"code":146132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"16\n",[15,146134,146135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146136,146137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146138,146132],{"class":101},[20,146140,146141],{},"This works like:",[233,146143,146144,146149,146154,146158],{},[236,146145,146146,146147],{},"Start at ",[15,146148,2352],{},[236,146150,146151,146152],{},"Add ",[15,146153,3011],{},[236,146155,146151,146156],{},[15,146157,2076],{},[236,146159,146151,146160],{},[15,146161,2082],{},[20,146163,146164],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[219,146166,222,146168,146170],{"id":146167},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146169,145808],{}," can work with",[20,146172,146173,146175],{},[15,146174,145808],{}," works with numeric values.",[811,146177,40235],{"id":40234},[41,146179,146181],{"className":43,"code":146180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146182,146183,146207],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146184,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146186,3848],{"class":56},[50,146188,61],{"class":60},[50,146190,3652],{"class":64},[50,146192,3011],{"class":101},[50,146194,89],{"class":64},[50,146196,3016],{"class":101},[50,146198,89],{"class":64},[50,146200,2473],{"class":101},[50,146202,89],{"class":64},[50,146204,2479],{"class":101},[50,146206,788],{"class":64},[50,146208,146209,146211,146213,146215,146217,146219],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146210,119],{"class":118},[50,146212,122],{"class":64},[50,146214,145931],{"class":118},[50,146216,122],{"class":64},[50,146218,5382],{"class":125},[50,146220,1770],{"class":64},[20,146222,2091],{},[41,146224,146225],{"className":43,"code":2398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146226,146227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146228,146229],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146230,2398],{"class":101},[811,146232,146233],{"id":51861},"Floats",[41,146235,146237],{"className":43,"code":146236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146238,146239,146261],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146240,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146254,146256,146259],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146242,82867],{"class":56},[50,146244,61],{"class":60},[50,146246,3652],{"class":64},[50,146248,40969],{"class":101},[50,146250,89],{"class":64},[50,146252,146253],{"class":101}," 3.75",[50,146255,89],{"class":64},[50,146257,146258],{"class":101}," 1.25",[50,146260,788],{"class":64},[50,146262,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146264,119],{"class":118},[50,146266,122],{"class":64},[50,146268,145931],{"class":118},[50,146270,122],{"class":64},[50,146272,82903],{"class":125},[50,146274,1770],{"class":64},[20,146276,2091],{},[41,146278,146280],{"className":43,"code":146279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.5\n",[15,146281,146282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146283,146284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146285,146279],{"class":101},[20,146287,146288,146289,129],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[380,146290,146291],{"href":2440},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[811,146293,146295,146296],{"id":146294},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146297,36005],{},[41,146299,146301],{"className":43,"code":146300,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146302,146303],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146304,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146306,119],{"class":118},[50,146308,122],{"class":64},[50,146310,145931],{"class":118},[50,146312,122],{"class":64},[50,146314,59816],{"class":118},[50,146316,122],{"class":64},[50,146318,3011],{"class":101},[50,146320,89],{"class":64},[50,146322,37452],{"class":101},[50,146324,1799],{"class":64},[20,146326,2091],{},[41,146328,146329],{"className":43,"code":46854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146330,146331],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146332,146333],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146334,46854],{"class":101},[20,146336,113378,146337,129],{},[15,146338,146339],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[811,146341,146343],{"id":146342},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146345,146346,146347,146349,146350,1846,146352,146349,146354,129],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146348,3632],{}," acts like ",[15,146351,3011],{},[15,146353,3702],{},[15,146355,1215],{},[41,146357,146359],{"className":43,"code":146358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146360,146361,146385],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146362,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146364,51781],{"class":56},[50,146366,61],{"class":60},[50,146368,3652],{"class":64},[50,146370,3632],{"class":1494},[50,146372,89],{"class":64},[50,146374,3929],{"class":1494},[50,146376,89],{"class":64},[50,146378,3938],{"class":1494},[50,146380,89],{"class":64},[50,146382,3938],{"class":1494},[50,146384,788],{"class":64},[50,146386,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146388,119],{"class":118},[50,146390,122],{"class":64},[50,146392,145931],{"class":118},[50,146394,122],{"class":64},[50,146396,51834],{"class":125},[50,146398,1770],{"class":64},[20,146400,2091],{},[41,146402,146403],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146404,146405],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146406,146407],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146408,46430],{"class":101},[20,146410,146411,146412,129],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146413,3632],{},[219,146415,222,146417,146419],{"id":146416},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146418,145808],{}," does not work with",[20,146421,146422,146424],{},[15,146423,145808],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[811,146426,146428],{"id":146427},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146430,2859],{},[41,146432,146434],{"className":43,"code":146433,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146435,146436,146460],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146437,146438,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146439,4093],{"class":56},[50,146441,61],{"class":60},[50,146443,3652],{"class":64},[50,146445,69],{"class":68},[50,146447,3870],{"class":72},[50,146449,69],{"class":68},[50,146451,89],{"class":64},[50,146453,81],{"class":68},[50,146455,60409],{"class":72},[50,146457,69],{"class":68},[50,146459,788],{"class":64},[50,146461,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146463,119],{"class":118},[50,146465,122],{"class":64},[50,146467,145931],{"class":118},[50,146469,122],{"class":64},[50,146471,4137],{"class":125},[50,146473,1770],{"class":64},[20,146475,146476],{},"Use string joining instead:",[41,146478,146480],{"className":43,"code":146479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146481,146482,146506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146483,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146485,4093],{"class":56},[50,146487,61],{"class":60},[50,146489,3652],{"class":64},[50,146491,69],{"class":68},[50,146493,3870],{"class":72},[50,146495,69],{"class":68},[50,146497,89],{"class":64},[50,146499,81],{"class":68},[50,146501,60409],{"class":72},[50,146503,69],{"class":68},[50,146505,788],{"class":64},[50,146507,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146509,119],{"class":118},[50,146511,122],{"class":64},[50,146513,6296],{"class":68},[50,146515,129],{"class":64},[50,146517,133333],{"class":125},[50,146519,122],{"class":64},[50,146521,4137],{"class":125},[50,146523,1770],{"class":64},[20,146525,2091],{},[41,146527,146529],{"className":43,"code":146528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"helloworld\n",[15,146530,146531],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146532,146533],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146534,146528],{"class":56},[20,146536,146537,146538,129],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[380,146539,146540,5807],{"href":41986},[15,146541,47497],{},[811,146543,146545],{"id":146544},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146547,146548],{},"This also causes an error:",[41,146550,146552],{"className":43,"code":146551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146553,146554,146581],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146555,146556,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146557,146558],{"class":56},"lists ",[50,146560,61],{"class":60},[50,146562,56110],{"class":64},[50,146564,3011],{"class":101},[50,146566,89],{"class":64},[50,146568,3016],{"class":101},[50,146570,18055],{"class":64},[50,146572,3652],{"class":64},[50,146574,2082],{"class":101},[50,146576,89],{"class":64},[50,146578,2479],{"class":101},[50,146580,53058],{"class":64},[50,146582,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146584,119],{"class":118},[50,146586,122],{"class":64},[50,146588,145931],{"class":118},[50,146590,122],{"class":64},[50,146592,5323],{"class":125},[50,146594,1770],{"class":64},[20,146596,146597,146599],{},[15,146598,145808],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[811,146601,146603],{"id":146602},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146605,5495],{},[41,146607,146609],{"className":43,"code":146608,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146610,146611,146635],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146612,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146614,3848],{"class":56},[50,146616,61],{"class":60},[50,146618,3652],{"class":64},[50,146620,3011],{"class":101},[50,146622,89],{"class":64},[50,146624,3016],{"class":101},[50,146626,89],{"class":64},[50,146628,81],{"class":68},[50,146630,2082],{"class":72},[50,146632,69],{"class":68},[50,146634,788],{"class":64},[50,146636,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146638,119],{"class":118},[50,146640,122],{"class":64},[50,146642,145931],{"class":118},[50,146644,122],{"class":64},[50,146646,5382],{"class":125},[50,146648,1770],{"class":64},[20,146650,146651],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146653,146654,146655,146657,146658,129],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146656,65764],{},", convert them first. See ",[380,146659,2985],{"href":2984},[219,146661,41315],{"id":41314},[20,146663,146664,146665,129],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146666,145808],{},[811,146668,6549],{"id":6548},[20,146670,4550],{},[41,146672,146674],{"className":43,"code":146673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146675,146676],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146677,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146679,119],{"class":118},[50,146681,122],{"class":64},[50,146683,145931],{"class":118},[50,146685,122],{"class":64},[50,146687,2157],{"class":101},[50,146689,1770],{"class":64},[20,146691,146692],{},"Why it fails:",[233,146694,146695,146700],{},[236,146696,146697,146699],{},[15,146698,2157],{}," is a single integer",[236,146701,146702,146704],{},[15,146703,145808],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146706,6579],{},[41,146708,146710],{"className":43,"code":146709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146711,146712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146713,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146715,119],{"class":118},[50,146717,122],{"class":64},[50,146719,145931],{"class":118},[50,146721,3008],{"class":64},[50,146723,2157],{"class":101},[50,146725,3023],{"class":64},[20,146727,2091],{},[41,146729,146730],{"className":43,"code":2969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146731,146732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146733,146734],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146735,2969],{"class":101},[811,146737,146739],{"id":146738},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146741,4550],{},[41,146743,146745],{"className":43,"code":146744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146746,146747,146779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146748,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146750,3848],{"class":56},[50,146752,61],{"class":60},[50,146754,3652],{"class":64},[50,146756,69],{"class":68},[50,146758,3011],{"class":72},[50,146760,69],{"class":68},[50,146762,89],{"class":64},[50,146764,81],{"class":68},[50,146766,2076],{"class":72},[50,146768,69],{"class":68},[50,146770,89],{"class":64},[50,146772,81],{"class":68},[50,146774,2082],{"class":72},[50,146776,69],{"class":68},[50,146778,788],{"class":64},[50,146780,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789,146791],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146782,119],{"class":118},[50,146784,122],{"class":64},[50,146786,145931],{"class":118},[50,146788,122],{"class":64},[50,146790,5382],{"class":125},[50,146792,1770],{"class":64},[20,146794,146795],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[41,146797,146799],{"className":43,"code":146798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146800,146801,146833,146861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146802,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146804,3848],{"class":56},[50,146806,61],{"class":60},[50,146808,3652],{"class":64},[50,146810,69],{"class":68},[50,146812,3011],{"class":72},[50,146814,69],{"class":68},[50,146816,89],{"class":64},[50,146818,81],{"class":68},[50,146820,2076],{"class":72},[50,146822,69],{"class":68},[50,146824,89],{"class":64},[50,146826,81],{"class":68},[50,146828,2082],{"class":72},[50,146830,69],{"class":68},[50,146832,788],{"class":64},[50,146834,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146836,40993],{"class":56},[50,146838,61],{"class":60},[50,146840,145861],{"class":118},[50,146842,122],{"class":64},[50,146844,2209],{"class":1779},[50,146846,122],{"class":64},[50,146848,2194],{"class":125},[50,146850,1206],{"class":64},[50,146852,3900],{"class":1622},[50,146854,3903],{"class":125},[50,146856,1562],{"class":1622},[50,146858,3908],{"class":125},[50,146860,414],{"class":64},[50,146862,146863,146865,146867,146869],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,146864,119],{"class":118},[50,146866,122],{"class":64},[50,146868,41022],{"class":125},[50,146870,414],{"class":64},[20,146872,2091],{},[41,146874,146875],{"className":43,"code":2678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146876,146877],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146878,146879],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146880,2678],{"class":101},[20,146882,146883],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[811,146885,146887],{"id":146886},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146889,4550],{},[41,146891,146893],{"className":43,"code":146892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146894,146895,146923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146896,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146898,3848],{"class":56},[50,146900,61],{"class":60},[50,146902,3652],{"class":64},[50,146904,3011],{"class":101},[50,146906,89],{"class":64},[50,146908,3016],{"class":101},[50,146910,89],{"class":64},[50,146912,81],{"class":68},[50,146914,2082],{"class":72},[50,146916,69],{"class":68},[50,146918,89],{"class":64},[50,146920,2479],{"class":101},[50,146922,788],{"class":64},[50,146924,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146926,119],{"class":118},[50,146928,122],{"class":64},[50,146930,145931],{"class":118},[50,146932,122],{"class":64},[50,146934,5382],{"class":125},[50,146936,1770],{"class":64},[20,146938,146939],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[41,146941,146943],{"className":43,"code":146942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146944,146945,146973,147001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146946,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146948,3848],{"class":56},[50,146950,61],{"class":60},[50,146952,3652],{"class":64},[50,146954,3011],{"class":101},[50,146956,89],{"class":64},[50,146958,3016],{"class":101},[50,146960,89],{"class":64},[50,146962,81],{"class":68},[50,146964,2082],{"class":72},[50,146966,69],{"class":68},[50,146968,89],{"class":64},[50,146970,2479],{"class":101},[50,146972,788],{"class":64},[50,146974,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146976,40993],{"class":56},[50,146978,61],{"class":60},[50,146980,145861],{"class":118},[50,146982,122],{"class":64},[50,146984,2209],{"class":1779},[50,146986,122],{"class":64},[50,146988,2194],{"class":125},[50,146990,1206],{"class":64},[50,146992,3900],{"class":1622},[50,146994,3903],{"class":125},[50,146996,1562],{"class":1622},[50,146998,3908],{"class":125},[50,147000,414],{"class":64},[50,147002,147003,147005,147007,147009],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147004,119],{"class":118},[50,147006,122],{"class":64},[50,147008,41022],{"class":125},[50,147010,414],{"class":64},[20,147012,2091],{},[41,147014,147015],{"className":43,"code":2398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147016,147017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147018,147019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147020,2398],{"class":101},[811,147022,8444,147024,147026],{"id":147023},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147025,145808],{}," to join text",[20,147028,4550],{},[41,147030,147032],{"className":43,"code":147031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147033,147034,147090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147035,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147037,35897],{"class":56},[50,147039,61],{"class":60},[50,147041,3652],{"class":64},[50,147043,69],{"class":68},[50,147045,133932],{"class":72},[50,147047,69],{"class":68},[50,147049,89],{"class":64},[50,147051,81],{"class":68},[50,147053,11759],{"class":72},[50,147055,69],{"class":68},[50,147057,89],{"class":64},[50,147059,81],{"class":68},[50,147061,63105],{"class":72},[50,147063,69],{"class":68},[50,147065,89],{"class":64},[50,147067,81],{"class":68},[50,147069,60256],{"class":72},[50,147071,69],{"class":68},[50,147073,89],{"class":64},[50,147075,81],{"class":68},[50,147077,60291],{"class":72},[50,147079,69],{"class":68},[50,147081,89],{"class":64},[50,147083,81],{"class":68},[50,147085,75849],{"class":72},[50,147087,69],{"class":68},[50,147089,788],{"class":64},[50,147091,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147093,119],{"class":118},[50,147095,122],{"class":64},[50,147097,145931],{"class":118},[50,147099,122],{"class":64},[50,147101,35950],{"class":125},[50,147103,1770],{"class":64},[20,147105,212,147106,60350],{},[15,147107,133256],{},[41,147109,147111],{"className":43,"code":147110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147112,147113,147169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147114,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147116,35897],{"class":56},[50,147118,61],{"class":60},[50,147120,3652],{"class":64},[50,147122,69],{"class":68},[50,147124,133932],{"class":72},[50,147126,69],{"class":68},[50,147128,89],{"class":64},[50,147130,81],{"class":68},[50,147132,11759],{"class":72},[50,147134,69],{"class":68},[50,147136,89],{"class":64},[50,147138,81],{"class":68},[50,147140,63105],{"class":72},[50,147142,69],{"class":68},[50,147144,89],{"class":64},[50,147146,81],{"class":68},[50,147148,60256],{"class":72},[50,147150,69],{"class":68},[50,147152,89],{"class":64},[50,147154,81],{"class":68},[50,147156,60291],{"class":72},[50,147158,69],{"class":68},[50,147160,89],{"class":64},[50,147162,81],{"class":68},[50,147164,75849],{"class":72},[50,147166,69],{"class":68},[50,147168,788],{"class":64},[50,147170,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147172,119],{"class":118},[50,147174,122],{"class":64},[50,147176,6296],{"class":68},[50,147178,129],{"class":64},[50,147180,133333],{"class":125},[50,147182,122],{"class":64},[50,147184,35950],{"class":125},[50,147186,1770],{"class":64},[20,147188,2091],{},[41,147190,147191],{"className":43,"code":134013,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147192,147193],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147194,147195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147196,134013],{"class":56},[20,147198,147199,147200,129],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[380,147201,147202],{"href":135094},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[219,147204,147206,147208],{"id":147205},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147207,145808],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147210,147211,147213],{},[15,147212,145808],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[811,147215,8444,147217],{"id":147216},"using-sum",[15,147218,145808],{},[41,147220,147222],{"className":43,"code":147221,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147223,147224,147244,147258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147225,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147227,3647],{"class":56},[50,147229,61],{"class":60},[50,147231,3652],{"class":64},[50,147233,2527],{"class":101},[50,147235,89],{"class":64},[50,147237,6018],{"class":101},[50,147239,89],{"class":64},[50,147241,53952],{"class":101},[50,147243,788],{"class":64},[50,147245,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147247,40993],{"class":56},[50,147249,61],{"class":60},[50,147251,145861],{"class":118},[50,147253,122],{"class":64},[50,147255,3678],{"class":125},[50,147257,414],{"class":64},[50,147259,147260,147262,147264,147266],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147261,119],{"class":118},[50,147263,122],{"class":64},[50,147265,41022],{"class":125},[50,147267,414],{"class":64},[811,147269,147271],{"id":147270},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[41,147273,147275],{"className":43,"code":147274,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147276,147277,147297,147305,147309,147321,147329,147333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147278,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147280,3647],{"class":56},[50,147282,61],{"class":60},[50,147284,3652],{"class":64},[50,147286,2527],{"class":101},[50,147288,89],{"class":64},[50,147290,6018],{"class":101},[50,147292,89],{"class":64},[50,147294,53952],{"class":101},[50,147296,788],{"class":64},[50,147298,147299,147301,147303],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147300,40993],{"class":56},[50,147302,61],{"class":60},[50,147304,38322],{"class":101},[50,147306,147307],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147308,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,147310,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,147312,5982],{"class":1622},[50,147314,6410],{"class":56},[50,147316,1562],{"class":1622},[50,147318,4287],{"class":56},[50,147320,6417],{"class":64},[50,147322,147323,147325,147327],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,147324,89926],{"class":56},[50,147326,89929],{"class":60},[50,147328,89932],{"class":56},[50,147330,147331],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,147332,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,147334,147335,147337,147339,147341],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,147336,119],{"class":118},[50,147338,122],{"class":64},[50,147340,41022],{"class":125},[50,147342,414],{"class":64},[20,147344,147345],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147347,2511,147348,147350],{},[15,147349,145808],{}," is often better:",[233,147352,147353,147356,147359],{},[236,147354,147355],{},"Shorter code",[236,147357,147358],{},"Easier to read",[236,147360,147361],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147363,147364],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[233,147366,147367,147370,147373],{},[236,147368,147369],{},"You need to skip some values",[236,147371,147372],{},"You need extra checks",[236,147374,147375],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147377,147378,147379,147382,147383,147385],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[380,147380,147381],{"href":39818},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147384,145808],{}," on the filtered result.",[219,147387,1663],{"id":1662},[20,147389,147390,147391,78],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147392,145808],{},[233,147394,147395,147401,147408,147415],{},[236,147396,147397,147398],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147399,147400],{},"sum(5)",[236,147402,147403,147404,147407],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147405,147406],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[236,147409,8444,147410,147412,147413],{},[15,147411,145808],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147414,133256],{},[236,147416,147417],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147419,8904,147420,147422],{},[15,147421,145808],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[41,147424,147426],{"className":43,"code":147425,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147427,147428,147438,147452,147476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147429,147430,147432,147434,147436],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147431,119],{"class":118},[50,147433,122],{"class":64},[50,147435,5382],{"class":125},[50,147437,414],{"class":64},[50,147439,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147441,119],{"class":118},[50,147443,122],{"class":64},[50,147445,1780],{"class":1779},[50,147447,122],{"class":64},[50,147449,5382],{"class":125},[50,147451,1770],{"class":64},[50,147453,147454,147456,147458,147460,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147455,119],{"class":118},[50,147457,3008],{"class":64},[50,147459,1780],{"class":1779},[50,147461,122],{"class":64},[50,147463,2194],{"class":125},[50,147465,1206],{"class":64},[50,147467,3900],{"class":1622},[50,147469,3903],{"class":125},[50,147471,1562],{"class":1622},[50,147473,3908],{"class":125},[50,147475,3911],{"class":64},[50,147477,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490,147492,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,147479,119],{"class":118},[50,147481,122],{"class":64},[50,147483,145931],{"class":118},[50,147485,3008],{"class":64},[50,147487,2209],{"class":1779},[50,147489,122],{"class":64},[50,147491,2194],{"class":125},[50,147493,1206],{"class":64},[50,147495,3900],{"class":1622},[50,147497,3903],{"class":125},[50,147499,1562],{"class":1622},[50,147501,3908],{"class":125},[50,147503,3023],{"class":64},[20,147505,135827],{},[233,147507,147508,147514,147520,147525],{},[236,147509,147510,147513],{},[15,147511,147512],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[236,147515,147516,147519],{},[15,147517,147518],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[236,147521,147522,135849],{},[15,147523,147524],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[236,147526,147527,147530],{},[15,147528,147529],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[219,147532,1857],{"id":1856},[811,147534,5164,147536,5167],{"id":147535},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147537,145808],{},[20,147539,147540],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[811,147542,5192,147544,147546],{"id":147543},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147545,145808],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147548,30072,147549,2901,147552,147555],{},[15,147550,147551],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147553,147554],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[811,147557,5192,147559,147561],{"id":147558},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147560,145808],{}," work with floats?",[20,147563,147564],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[811,147566,147568,147569,1867],{"id":147567},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147570,145808],{},[20,147572,147573,147574,147576],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147575,35879],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[811,147578,5180,147580,119212,147582,1867],{"id":147579},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147581,145808],{},[15,147583,3029],{},[20,147585,147586],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[219,147588,1909],{"id":1908},[233,147590,147591,147595,147601,147607,147613,147617,147621],{},[236,147592,147593],{},[380,147594,146291],{"href":2440},[236,147596,147597],{},[380,147598,3603,147599,3536],{"href":36002},[15,147600,36005],{},[236,147602,147603],{},[380,147604,3603,147605,3536],{"href":42169},[15,147606,42172],{},[236,147608,147609],{},[380,147610,3603,147611,3536],{"href":41986},[15,147612,47497],{},[236,147614,147615],{},[380,147616,5244],{"href":39818},[236,147618,147619],{},[380,147620,3553],{"href":2984},[236,147622,147623],{},[380,147624,147202],{"href":135094},[1944,147626,147627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":147629},[147630,147631,147633,147634,147635,147637,147645,147651,147658,147664,147665,147677],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":145887,"depth":108,"text":147632},"What sum() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":146065,"depth":108,"text":147636},"Using the start value",{"id":146167,"depth":108,"text":147638,"children":147639},"What sum() can work with",[147640,147641,147642,147644],{"id":40234,"depth":115,"text":40235},{"id":51861,"depth":115,"text":146233},{"id":146294,"depth":115,"text":147643},"Values from range()",{"id":146342,"depth":115,"text":146343},{"id":146416,"depth":108,"text":147646,"children":147647},"What sum() does not work with",[147648,147649,147650],{"id":146427,"depth":115,"text":146428},{"id":146544,"depth":115,"text":146545},{"id":146602,"depth":115,"text":146603},{"id":41314,"depth":108,"text":41315,"children":147652},[147653,147654,147655,147656],{"id":6548,"depth":115,"text":6549},{"id":146738,"depth":115,"text":146739},{"id":146886,"depth":115,"text":146887},{"id":147023,"depth":115,"text":147657},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147205,"depth":108,"text":147659,"children":147660},"sum() vs manual loop",[147661,147663],{"id":147216,"depth":115,"text":147662},"Using sum()",{"id":147270,"depth":115,"text":147271},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":147666},[147667,147669,147671,147673,147675],{"id":147535,"depth":115,"text":147668},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147543,"depth":115,"text":147670},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147558,"depth":115,"text":147672},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147567,"depth":115,"text":147674},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147579,"depth":115,"text":147676},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145800,"description":147678},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147685,"title":147686,"body":147687,"description":149089,"extension":1981,"meta":149090,"navigation":111,"path":149091,"seo":149092,"stem":149093,"__hash__":149094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147688,"toc":149057},[147689,147695,147701,147704,147767,147773,147778,147782,147799,147813,147817,147837,147851,147853,147946,147948,147962,147964,147967,148056,148058,148066,148075,148077,148081,148102,148104,148196,148198,148219,148221,148225,148239,148241,148315,148317,148336,148340,148343,148366,148368,148479,148486,148494,148496,148502,148505,148548,148551,148574,148582,148586,148661,148667,148692,148699,148702,148705,148709,148714,148802,148810,148814,148817,148842,148846,148907,148911,148960,148970,148972,148977,148980,148986,148989,148993,148997,149003,149006,149014,149022,149024,149054],[10,147690,147692,147693,18],{"id":147691},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147694,57107],{},[20,147696,147697,147700],{},[15,147698,147699],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147702,147703],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[41,147705,147707],{"className":43,"code":147706,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147708,147709,147737,147755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147710,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147712,3647],{"class":56},[50,147714,61],{"class":60},[50,147716,9262],{"class":64},[50,147718,3011],{"class":101},[50,147720,89],{"class":64},[50,147722,3016],{"class":101},[50,147724,89],{"class":64},[50,147726,3016],{"class":101},[50,147728,89],{"class":64},[50,147730,2473],{"class":101},[50,147732,89],{"class":64},[50,147734,3016],{"class":101},[50,147736,414],{"class":64},[50,147738,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147740,2250],{"class":56},[50,147742,61],{"class":60},[50,147744,4287],{"class":56},[50,147746,129],{"class":64},[50,147748,41070],{"class":125},[50,147750,122],{"class":64},[50,147752,2076],{"class":101},[50,147754,414],{"class":64},[50,147756,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147758,119],{"class":118},[50,147760,122],{"class":64},[50,147762,2285],{"class":125},[50,147764,1206],{"class":64},[50,147766,50585],{"class":146},[20,147768,212,147769,147772],{},[15,147770,147771],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[219,147774,222,147776,225],{"id":147775},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147777,147699],{},[20,147779,147780,78],{},[15,147781,147771],{},[233,147783,147784,147790,147793,147796],{},[236,147785,147786,147787,147789],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147788,2495],{}," appears in the tuple",[236,147791,147792],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[236,147794,147795],{},"Returns an integer",[236,147797,147798],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147800,147801,147802,147804,147805,2901,147809,129],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147803,57107],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[380,147806,147808],{"href":147807},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[380,147810,147812],{"href":147811},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[219,147814,147816],{"id":147815},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[41,147818,147820],{"className":43,"code":147819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147821,147822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147823,147824,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147825,147826],{"class":56},"my_tuple",[50,147828,129],{"class":64},[50,147830,41070],{"class":125},[50,147832,122],{"class":64},[50,147834,2495],{"class":125},[50,147836,414],{"class":64},[233,147838,147839,147843,147846],{},[236,147840,147841,57272],{},[15,147842,2495],{},[236,147844,147845],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[236,147847,147848,147849],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147850,1215],{},[811,147852,102927],{"id":102926},[41,147854,147856],{"className":43,"code":147855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147857,147858,147898,147922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147859,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147861,13084],{"class":56},[50,147863,61],{"class":60},[50,147865,9262],{"class":64},[50,147867,69],{"class":68},[50,147869,13101],{"class":72},[50,147871,69],{"class":68},[50,147873,89],{"class":64},[50,147875,81],{"class":68},[50,147877,13118],{"class":72},[50,147879,69],{"class":68},[50,147881,89],{"class":64},[50,147883,81],{"class":68},[50,147885,13101],{"class":72},[50,147887,69],{"class":68},[50,147889,89],{"class":64},[50,147891,81],{"class":68},[50,147893,17448],{"class":72},[50,147895,69],{"class":68},[50,147897,414],{"class":64},[50,147899,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147901,119],{"class":118},[50,147903,122],{"class":64},[50,147905,17495],{"class":125},[50,147907,129],{"class":64},[50,147909,41070],{"class":125},[50,147911,122],{"class":64},[50,147913,69],{"class":68},[50,147915,13101],{"class":72},[50,147917,69],{"class":68},[50,147919,143],{"class":64},[50,147921,57462],{"class":146},[50,147923,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147925,119],{"class":118},[50,147927,122],{"class":64},[50,147929,17495],{"class":125},[50,147931,129],{"class":64},[50,147933,41070],{"class":125},[50,147935,122],{"class":64},[50,147937,69],{"class":68},[50,147939,22322],{"class":72},[50,147941,69],{"class":68},[50,147943,143],{"class":64},[50,147945,51062],{"class":146},[20,147947,357],{},[233,147949,147950,147955],{},[236,147951,147952,147954],{},[15,147953,65211],{}," appears 2 times",[236,147956,147957,147959,147960],{},[15,147958,109623],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147961,1215],{},[219,147963,11490],{"id":11489},[20,147965,147966],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[41,147968,147970],{"className":43,"code":147969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147971,147972,148020,148024,148046],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147973,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147975,36046],{"class":56},[50,147977,61],{"class":60},[50,147979,9262],{"class":64},[50,147981,69],{"class":68},[50,147983,4102],{"class":72},[50,147985,69],{"class":68},[50,147987,89],{"class":64},[50,147989,81],{"class":68},[50,147991,4111],{"class":72},[50,147993,69],{"class":68},[50,147995,89],{"class":64},[50,147997,81],{"class":68},[50,147999,4102],{"class":72},[50,148001,69],{"class":68},[50,148003,89],{"class":64},[50,148005,81],{"class":68},[50,148007,33024],{"class":72},[50,148009,69],{"class":68},[50,148011,89],{"class":64},[50,148013,81],{"class":68},[50,148015,4102],{"class":72},[50,148017,69],{"class":68},[50,148019,414],{"class":64},[50,148021,148022],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148023,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148025,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148027,2250],{"class":56},[50,148029,61],{"class":60},[50,148031,52667],{"class":56},[50,148033,129],{"class":64},[50,148035,41070],{"class":125},[50,148037,122],{"class":64},[50,148039,69],{"class":68},[50,148041,4102],{"class":72},[50,148043,69],{"class":68},[50,148045,414],{"class":64},[50,148047,148048,148050,148052,148054],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,148049,119],{"class":118},[50,148051,122],{"class":64},[50,148053,2285],{"class":125},[50,148055,414],{"class":64},[20,148057,2091],{},[41,148059,148060],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,148061,148062],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148063,148064],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148065,46430],{"class":101},[20,148067,148068,148070,148071,35,148073,129],{},[15,148069,57650],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148072,57107],{},[15,148074,2082],{},[219,148076,37829],{"id":37828},[20,148078,57361,148079,128562],{},[15,148080,57107],{},[233,148082,148083,148088,148093,148096],{},[236,148084,241,148085,148087],{},[15,148086,1215],{}," when the value does not exist",[236,148089,241,148090,148092],{},[15,148091,3011],{}," when the value appears once",[236,148094,148095],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[236,148097,148098,148099,148101],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148100,7023],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148103,253],{},[41,148105,148107],{"className":43,"code":148106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148108,148109,148150,148154,148181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148110,148111,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148112,148113],{"class":56},"answers ",[50,148115,61],{"class":60},[50,148117,9262],{"class":64},[50,148119,69],{"class":68},[50,148121,8686],{"class":72},[50,148123,69],{"class":68},[50,148125,89],{"class":64},[50,148127,81],{"class":68},[50,148129,8625],{"class":72},[50,148131,69],{"class":68},[50,148133,89],{"class":64},[50,148135,81],{"class":68},[50,148137,8686],{"class":72},[50,148139,69],{"class":68},[50,148141,89],{"class":64},[50,148143,81],{"class":68},[50,148145,8686],{"class":72},[50,148147,69],{"class":68},[50,148149,414],{"class":64},[50,148151,148152],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148153,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148155,148156,148158,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148157,7023],{"class":1622},[50,148159,148160],{"class":56}," answers",[50,148162,129],{"class":64},[50,148164,41070],{"class":125},[50,148166,122],{"class":64},[50,148168,69],{"class":68},[50,148170,8686],{"class":72},[50,148172,69],{"class":68},[50,148174,1206],{"class":64},[50,148176,38205],{"class":60},[50,148178,5521],{"class":101},[50,148180,6417],{"class":64},[50,148182,148183,148185,148187,148189,148192,148194],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,148184,8094],{"class":118},[50,148186,122],{"class":64},[50,148188,69],{"class":68},[50,148190,148191],{"class":72},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[50,148193,69],{"class":68},[50,148195,414],{"class":64},[20,148197,2091],{},[41,148199,148201],{"className":43,"code":148200,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148202,148203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148204,148205,148208,148210,148212,148214,148217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148206,148207],{"class":56},"The answer ",[50,148209,1736],{"class":68},[50,148211,8686],{"class":72},[50,148213,1736],{"class":68},[50,148215,148216],{"class":56}," appears more than once",[50,148218,122206],{"class":64},[219,148220,40856],{"id":40855},[20,148222,35211,148223,104390],{},[15,148224,147699],{},[233,148226,148227,148230,148233,148236],{},[236,148228,148229],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[236,148231,148232],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[236,148234,148235],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[236,148237,148238],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148240,253],{},[41,148242,148244],{"className":43,"code":148243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148245,148246,148274,148278,148300],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148247,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148249,1128],{"class":56},[50,148251,61],{"class":60},[50,148253,9262],{"class":64},[50,148255,2352],{"class":101},[50,148257,89],{"class":64},[50,148259,7816],{"class":101},[50,148261,89],{"class":64},[50,148263,1144],{"class":101},[50,148265,89],{"class":64},[50,148267,7821],{"class":101},[50,148269,89],{"class":64},[50,148271,1144],{"class":101},[50,148273,414],{"class":64},[50,148275,148276],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148277,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148279,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148281,7023],{"class":1622},[50,148283,1174],{"class":56},[50,148285,129],{"class":64},[50,148287,41070],{"class":125},[50,148289,122],{"class":64},[50,148291,2352],{"class":101},[50,148293,1206],{"class":64},[50,148295,51103],{"class":60},[50,148297,3016],{"class":101},[50,148299,6417],{"class":64},[50,148301,148302,148304,148306,148308,148311,148313],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,148303,8094],{"class":118},[50,148305,122],{"class":64},[50,148307,69],{"class":68},[50,148309,148310],{"class":72},"The score 10 is repeated.",[50,148312,69],{"class":68},[50,148314,414],{"class":64},[20,148316,2091],{},[41,148318,148320],{"className":43,"code":148319,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148321,148322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148323,148324,148327,148329,148331,148334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148325,148326],{"class":56},"The score ",[50,148328,2352],{"class":101},[50,148330,8122],{"class":60},[50,148332,148333],{"class":56}," repeated",[50,148335,122206],{"class":64},[219,148337,148339],{"id":148338},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148341,148342],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[233,148344,148345,148351,148356,148359],{},[236,148346,148347,148348,148350],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148349,57107],{}," still works because it only reads data",[236,148352,148353,148355],{},[15,148354,57107],{}," counts exact matches",[236,148357,148358],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[236,148360,148361,1846,148363,148365],{},[15,148362,3011],{},[15,148364,41969],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148367,253],{},[41,148369,148371],{"className":43,"code":148370,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148372,148373,148407,148411,148431,148455],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148374,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148388,148390,148392,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148376,3848],{"class":56},[50,148378,61],{"class":60},[50,148380,9262],{"class":64},[50,148382,3011],{"class":101},[50,148384,89],{"class":64},[50,148386,148387],{"class":101}," 1.0",[50,148389,89],{"class":64},[50,148391,81],{"class":68},[50,148393,148394],{"class":72},"Cat",[50,148396,69],{"class":68},[50,148398,89],{"class":64},[50,148400,81],{"class":68},[50,148402,36855],{"class":72},[50,148404,69],{"class":68},[50,148406,414],{"class":64},[50,148408,148409],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148410,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148412,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148414,119],{"class":118},[50,148416,122],{"class":64},[50,148418,5382],{"class":125},[50,148420,129],{"class":64},[50,148422,41070],{"class":125},[50,148424,122],{"class":64},[50,148426,3011],{"class":101},[50,148428,143],{"class":64},[50,148430,50909],{"class":146},[50,148432,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,148434,119],{"class":118},[50,148436,122],{"class":64},[50,148438,5382],{"class":125},[50,148440,129],{"class":64},[50,148442,41070],{"class":125},[50,148444,122],{"class":64},[50,148446,69],{"class":68},[50,148448,148394],{"class":72},[50,148450,69],{"class":68},[50,148452,143],{"class":64},[50,148454,27580],{"class":146},[50,148456,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467,148469,148471,148473,148475,148477],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,148458,119],{"class":118},[50,148460,122],{"class":64},[50,148462,5382],{"class":125},[50,148464,129],{"class":64},[50,148466,41070],{"class":125},[50,148468,122],{"class":64},[50,148470,69],{"class":68},[50,148472,36855],{"class":72},[50,148474,69],{"class":68},[50,148476,143],{"class":64},[50,148478,27580],{"class":146},[20,148480,5180,148481,5183,148484,1867],{},[15,148482,148483],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148485,2076],{},[20,148487,8814,148488,4807,148491,148493],{},[15,148489,148490],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148492,3632],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[219,148495,1663],{"id":1662},[811,148497,8444,148499,148501],{"id":148498},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148500,41070],{}," without parentheses",[20,148503,148504],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[41,148506,148508],{"className":43,"code":148507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148509,148510,148534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148511,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148513,3647],{"class":56},[50,148515,61],{"class":60},[50,148517,9262],{"class":64},[50,148519,3011],{"class":101},[50,148521,89],{"class":64},[50,148523,3016],{"class":101},[50,148525,89],{"class":64},[50,148527,3016],{"class":101},[50,148529,89],{"class":64},[50,148531,2473],{"class":101},[50,148533,414],{"class":64},[50,148535,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148537,119],{"class":118},[50,148539,122],{"class":64},[50,148541,3678],{"class":125},[50,148543,129],{"class":64},[50,148545,41070],{"class":24549},[50,148547,414],{"class":64},[20,148549,148550],{},"To call the method correctly:",[41,148552,148554],{"className":43,"code":148553,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148555,148556],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148557,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148559,119],{"class":118},[50,148561,122],{"class":64},[50,148563,3678],{"class":125},[50,148565,129],{"class":64},[50,148567,41070],{"class":125},[50,148569,122],{"class":64},[50,148571,2076],{"class":101},[50,148573,1770],{"class":64},[811,148575,8480,148576,8483,148578,2901,148580],{"id":58410},[15,148577,57107],{},[15,148579,3632],{},[15,148581,3702],{},[20,148583,148584,58421],{},[15,148585,57107],{},[41,148587,148589],{"className":43,"code":148588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148590,148591,148623,148645,148649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148592,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148594,35897],{"class":56},[50,148596,61],{"class":60},[50,148598,9262],{"class":64},[50,148600,69],{"class":68},[50,148602,380],{"class":72},[50,148604,69],{"class":68},[50,148606,89],{"class":64},[50,148608,81],{"class":68},[50,148610,4784],{"class":72},[50,148612,69],{"class":68},[50,148614,89],{"class":64},[50,148616,81],{"class":68},[50,148618,380],{"class":72},[50,148620,69],{"class":68},[50,148622,414],{"class":64},[50,148624,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148626,2250],{"class":56},[50,148628,61],{"class":60},[50,148630,69915],{"class":56},[50,148632,129],{"class":64},[50,148634,41070],{"class":125},[50,148636,122],{"class":64},[50,148638,69],{"class":68},[50,148640,380],{"class":72},[50,148642,69],{"class":68},[50,148644,414],{"class":64},[50,148646,148647],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148648,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148650,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,148652,119],{"class":118},[50,148654,122],{"class":64},[50,148656,2285],{"class":125},[50,148658,1206],{"class":64},[50,148660,51230],{"class":146},[20,148662,148663,148664,148666],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148665,1562],{}," is often simpler:",[41,148668,148670],{"className":43,"code":148669,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148671,148672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148673,148674,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148675,119],{"class":118},[50,148677,122],{"class":64},[50,148679,69],{"class":68},[50,148681,380],{"class":72},[50,148683,69],{"class":68},[50,148685,1623],{"class":1622},[50,148687,69915],{"class":125},[50,148689,1206],{"class":64},[50,148691,1631],{"class":146},[811,148693,37012,148695,8733,148697],{"id":148694},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148696,147699],{},[15,148698,57112],{},[20,148700,148701],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148703,148704],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[811,148706,148708],{"id":148707},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148710,148711,148713],{},[15,148712,57107],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[41,148715,148717],{"className":43,"code":148716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148718,148719,148752,148778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148720,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148722,4093],{"class":56},[50,148724,61],{"class":60},[50,148726,9262],{"class":64},[50,148728,69],{"class":68},[50,148730,4102],{"class":72},[50,148732,69],{"class":68},[50,148734,89],{"class":64},[50,148736,81],{"class":68},[50,148738,148739],{"class":72},"pineapple",[50,148741,69],{"class":68},[50,148743,89],{"class":64},[50,148745,81],{"class":68},[50,148747,4102],{"class":72},[50,148749,69],{"class":68},[50,148751,414],{"class":64},[50,148753,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148771,148773,148775],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148755,119],{"class":118},[50,148757,122],{"class":64},[50,148759,4137],{"class":125},[50,148761,129],{"class":64},[50,148763,41070],{"class":125},[50,148765,122],{"class":64},[50,148767,69],{"class":68},[50,148769,148770],{"class":72},"app",[50,148772,69],{"class":68},[50,148774,143],{"class":64},[50,148776,148777],{"class":146},"    # 0\n",[50,148779,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148781,119],{"class":118},[50,148783,122],{"class":64},[50,148785,4137],{"class":125},[50,148787,129],{"class":64},[50,148789,41070],{"class":125},[50,148791,122],{"class":64},[50,148793,69],{"class":68},[50,148795,4102],{"class":72},[50,148797,69],{"class":68},[50,148799,143],{"class":64},[50,148801,51230],{"class":146},[20,148803,148804,148807,148808,129],{},[15,148805,148806],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148809,1215],{},[219,148811,148813],{"id":148812},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148815,148816],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[233,148818,148819,148824,148833,148839],{},[236,148820,212,148821,148823],{},[15,148822,1562],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[236,148825,212,148826,148832],{},[380,148827,148829,148830],{"href":148828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148831,58785],{}," to find the position of a value",[236,148834,212,148835,148838],{},[15,148836,148837],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[236,148840,148841],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148843,45853,148844,78],{},[15,148845,1562],{},[41,148847,148849],{"className":43,"code":148848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148850,148851,148871,148875,148891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148852,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148854,3647],{"class":56},[50,148856,61],{"class":60},[50,148858,9262],{"class":64},[50,148860,2527],{"class":101},[50,148862,89],{"class":64},[50,148864,6018],{"class":101},[50,148866,89],{"class":64},[50,148868,53952],{"class":101},[50,148870,414],{"class":64},[50,148872,148873],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148874,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148876,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148878,119],{"class":118},[50,148880,122],{"class":64},[50,148882,2044],{"class":101},[50,148884,1623],{"class":1622},[50,148886,4287],{"class":125},[50,148888,1206],{"class":64},[50,148890,43667],{"class":146},[50,148892,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,148894,119],{"class":118},[50,148896,122],{"class":64},[50,148898,2157],{"class":101},[50,148900,1623],{"class":1622},[50,148902,4287],{"class":125},[50,148904,1206],{"class":64},[50,148906,43684],{"class":146},[20,148908,45853,148909,78],{},[15,148910,58785],{},[41,148912,148914],{"className":43,"code":148913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148915,148916,148940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148917,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148919,3647],{"class":56},[50,148921,61],{"class":60},[50,148923,9262],{"class":64},[50,148925,2527],{"class":101},[50,148927,89],{"class":64},[50,148929,6018],{"class":101},[50,148931,89],{"class":64},[50,148933,53952],{"class":101},[50,148935,89],{"class":64},[50,148937,6018],{"class":101},[50,148939,414],{"class":64},[50,148941,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148943,119],{"class":118},[50,148945,122],{"class":64},[50,148947,3678],{"class":125},[50,148949,129],{"class":64},[50,148951,35652],{"class":125},[50,148953,122],{"class":64},[50,148955,2044],{"class":101},[50,148957,143],{"class":64},[50,148959,27580],{"class":146},[20,148961,148962,148964,148965,148967,148969],{},[15,148963,57107],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9870,148966],{},[15,148968,58785],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[219,148971,1857],{"id":1856},[811,148973,5164,148975,5167],{"id":148974},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148976,147699],{},[20,148978,148979],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[811,148981,1861,148983,148985],{"id":148982},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148984,147699],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148987,148988],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[811,148990,148992],{"id":148991},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148994,11924,148995,129],{},[15,148996,1215],{},[811,148998,5192,149000,149002],{"id":148999},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149001,147699],{}," count strings?",[20,149004,149005],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[811,149007,5202,149009,1846,149011,1867],{"id":149008},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149010,147699],{},[15,149012,149013],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149015,149016,149018,149019,149021],{},[15,149017,57107],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149020,58785],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[219,149023,1909],{"id":1908},[233,149025,149026,149030,149035,149042,149050],{},[236,149027,149028],{},[380,149029,147808],{"href":147807},[236,149031,149032],{},[380,149033,149034],{"href":147811},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[236,149036,149037],{},[380,149038,149039,149040,1845],{"href":148828},"Python tuple ",[15,149041,58785],{},[236,149043,149044],{},[380,149045,149047,149048],{"href":149046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149049,42172],{},[236,149051,149052],{},[380,149053,58773],{"href":58772},[1944,149055,149056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":149058},[149059,149061,149064,149065,149066,149067,149068,149076,149077,149088],{"id":147775,"depth":108,"text":149060},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147815,"depth":108,"text":147816,"children":149062},[149063],{"id":102926,"depth":115,"text":102927},{"id":11489,"depth":108,"text":11490},{"id":37828,"depth":108,"text":37829},{"id":40855,"depth":108,"text":40856},{"id":148338,"depth":108,"text":148339},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":149069},[149070,149072,149073,149075],{"id":148498,"depth":115,"text":149071},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58410,"depth":115,"text":58826},{"id":148694,"depth":115,"text":149074},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148707,"depth":115,"text":148708},{"id":148812,"depth":108,"text":148813},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":149078},[149079,149081,149083,149084,149086],{"id":148974,"depth":115,"text":149080},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148982,"depth":115,"text":149082},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148991,"depth":115,"text":148992},{"id":148999,"depth":115,"text":149085},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149008,"depth":115,"text":149087},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147686,"description":149089},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149096,"title":149097,"body":149098,"description":150785,"extension":1981,"meta":150786,"navigation":111,"path":150787,"seo":150788,"stem":150789,"__hash__":150790},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149099,"toc":150748},[149100,149103,149106,149115,149117,149247,149249,149310,149316,149318,149338,149342,149345,149348,149383,149385,149406,149409,149448,149450,149475,149482,149486,149489,149526,149528,149551,149554,149557,149569,149575,149579,149582,149588,149629,149631,149654,149657,149698,149700,149727,149729,149746,149748,149765,149768,149772,149775,149777,149811,149813,149860,149864,149903,149907,149910,149967,149969,150010,150016,150022,150027,150029,150066,150068,150088,150090,150123,150125,150158,150161,150165,150198,150200,150225,150228,150230,150244,150251,150253,150256,150260,150263,150298,150301,150336,150340,150343,150382,150385,150424,150428,150430,150460,150463,150470,150472,150504,150507,150539,150542,150573,150575,150592,150596,150599,150663,150665,150669,150676,150680,150683,150687,150690,150694,150697,150702,150708,150710,150745],[10,149101,149097],{"id":149102},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149104,149105],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149107,149108,149109,2901,149113,129],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[380,149110,149112],{"href":149111},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[380,149114,147808],{"href":147807},[219,149116,2022],{"id":2021},[41,149118,149120],{"className":43,"code":149119,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149121,149122,149142,149151,149165,149201,149205,149215,149225,149236],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149123,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149125,3647],{"class":56},[50,149127,61],{"class":60},[50,149129,9262],{"class":64},[50,149131,3011],{"class":101},[50,149133,89],{"class":64},[50,149135,3016],{"class":101},[50,149137,89],{"class":64},[50,149139,2473],{"class":101},[50,149141,414],{"class":64},[50,149143,149144,149146,149148],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149145,124672],{"class":56},[50,149147,61],{"class":60},[50,149149,149150],{"class":64}," ()\n",[50,149152,149153,149156,149158,149160,149162],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,149154,149155],{"class":56},"one_item ",[50,149157,61],{"class":60},[50,149159,9262],{"class":64},[50,149161,2157],{"class":101},[50,149163,149164],{"class":64},",)\n",[50,149166,149167,149170,149172,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,149168,149169],{"class":56},"from_list ",[50,149171,61],{"class":60},[50,149173,149174],{"class":1779}," tuple",[50,149176,3008],{"class":64},[50,149178,69],{"class":68},[50,149180,380],{"class":72},[50,149182,69],{"class":68},[50,149184,89],{"class":64},[50,149186,81],{"class":68},[50,149188,4784],{"class":72},[50,149190,69],{"class":68},[50,149192,89],{"class":64},[50,149194,81],{"class":68},[50,149196,9763],{"class":72},[50,149198,69],{"class":68},[50,149200,3911],{"class":64},[50,149202,149203],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,149204,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,149206,149207,149209,149211,149213],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,149208,119],{"class":118},[50,149210,122],{"class":64},[50,149212,3678],{"class":125},[50,149214,414],{"class":64},[50,149216,149217,149219,149221,149223],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,149218,119],{"class":118},[50,149220,122],{"class":64},[50,149222,124723],{"class":125},[50,149224,414],{"class":64},[50,149226,149227,149229,149231,149234],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,149228,119],{"class":118},[50,149230,122],{"class":64},[50,149232,149233],{"class":125},"one_item",[50,149235,414],{"class":64},[50,149237,149238,149240,149242,149245],{"class":52,"line":6456},[50,149239,119],{"class":118},[50,149241,122],{"class":64},[50,149243,149244],{"class":125},"from_list",[50,149246,414],{"class":64},[20,149248,2091],{},[41,149250,149252],{"className":43,"code":149251,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149253,149254,149270,149274,149282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149255,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149257,122],{"class":64},[50,149259,3011],{"class":101},[50,149261,89],{"class":64},[50,149263,3016],{"class":101},[50,149265,89],{"class":64},[50,149267,2473],{"class":101},[50,149269,414],{"class":64},[50,149271,149272],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149273,8671],{"class":64},[50,149275,149276,149278,149280],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,149277,122],{"class":64},[50,149279,2157],{"class":101},[50,149281,149164],{"class":64},[50,149283,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,149285,122],{"class":64},[50,149287,1736],{"class":68},[50,149289,380],{"class":72},[50,149291,1736],{"class":68},[50,149293,89],{"class":64},[50,149295,3321],{"class":68},[50,149297,4784],{"class":72},[50,149299,1736],{"class":68},[50,149301,89],{"class":64},[50,149303,3321],{"class":68},[50,149305,9763],{"class":72},[50,149307,1736],{"class":68},[50,149309,414],{"class":64},[20,149311,149312,149313,129],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149314,149315],{},"(5,)",[219,149317,15167],{"id":15166},[233,149319,149320,149323,149326,149329,149332,149335],{},[236,149321,149322],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[236,149324,149325],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[236,149327,149328],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[236,149330,149331],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[236,149333,149334],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[236,149336,149337],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[219,149339,149341],{"id":149340},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149343,149344],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149346,149347],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[41,149349,149351],{"className":43,"code":149350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149352,149353,149373],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149354,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149356,3647],{"class":56},[50,149358,61],{"class":60},[50,149360,9262],{"class":64},[50,149362,3011],{"class":101},[50,149364,89],{"class":64},[50,149366,3016],{"class":101},[50,149368,89],{"class":64},[50,149370,2473],{"class":101},[50,149372,414],{"class":64},[50,149374,149375,149377,149379,149381],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149376,119],{"class":118},[50,149378,122],{"class":64},[50,149380,3678],{"class":125},[50,149382,414],{"class":64},[20,149384,2091],{},[41,149386,149388],{"className":43,"code":149387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149389,149390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149391,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149393,122],{"class":64},[50,149395,3011],{"class":101},[50,149397,89],{"class":64},[50,149399,3016],{"class":101},[50,149401,89],{"class":64},[50,149403,2473],{"class":101},[50,149405,414],{"class":64},[20,149407,149408],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[41,149410,149412],{"className":43,"code":149411,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149413,149414,149438],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149415,149416,149418,149420,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434,149436],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149417,829],{"class":56},[50,149419,61],{"class":60},[50,149421,9262],{"class":64},[50,149423,3011],{"class":101},[50,149425,89],{"class":64},[50,149427,81],{"class":68},[50,149429,4102],{"class":72},[50,149431,69],{"class":68},[50,149433,89],{"class":64},[50,149435,3938],{"class":1494},[50,149437,414],{"class":64},[50,149439,149440,149442,149444,149446],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149441,119],{"class":118},[50,149443,122],{"class":64},[50,149445,776],{"class":125},[50,149447,414],{"class":64},[20,149449,2091],{},[41,149451,149453],{"className":43,"code":149452,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149454,149455],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149456,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149458,122],{"class":64},[50,149460,3011],{"class":101},[50,149462,89],{"class":64},[50,149464,3321],{"class":68},[50,149466,4102],{"class":72},[50,149468,1736],{"class":68},[50,149470,89],{"class":64},[50,149472,3938],{"class":1494},[50,149474,414],{"class":64},[20,149476,149477,149478,129],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[380,149479,149481],{"href":149480},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[219,149483,149485],{"id":149484},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149487,149488],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[41,149490,149492],{"className":43,"code":149491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149493,149494,149502,149512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149495,149496,149498,149500],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149497,124672],{"class":56},[50,149499,61],{"class":60},[50,149501,149150],{"class":64},[50,149503,149504,149506,149508,149510],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149505,119],{"class":118},[50,149507,122],{"class":64},[50,149509,124723],{"class":125},[50,149511,414],{"class":64},[50,149513,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,149515,119],{"class":118},[50,149517,122],{"class":64},[50,149519,1780],{"class":1779},[50,149521,122],{"class":64},[50,149523,124723],{"class":125},[50,149525,1770],{"class":64},[20,149527,2091],{},[41,149529,149531],{"className":43,"code":149530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149532,149533,149537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149534,149535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149536,8671],{"class":64},[50,149538,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149540,3315],{"class":60},[50,149542,3318],{"class":2085},[50,149544,3321],{"class":68},[50,149546,48767],{"class":72},[50,149548,1736],{"class":68},[50,149550,3328],{"class":60},[20,149552,149553],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149555,149556],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[233,149558,149559,149564],{},[236,149560,149561,149562],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149563,7391],{},[236,149565,149566,149567],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149568,1234],{},[20,149570,149571,149572,129],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[380,149573,149574],{"href":56970},"Python list: creating a list",[219,149576,149578],{"id":149577},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149580,149581],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149583,149584,149585,149587],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[997,149586,1262],{}," automatically a tuple:",[41,149589,149591],{"className":43,"code":149590,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149592,149593,149605,149615],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149594,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149596,2468],{"class":56},[50,149598,61],{"class":60},[50,149600,9262],{"class":64},[50,149602,2157],{"class":101},[50,149604,414],{"class":64},[50,149606,149607,149609,149611,149613],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149608,119],{"class":118},[50,149610,122],{"class":64},[50,149612,2495],{"class":125},[50,149614,414],{"class":64},[50,149616,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,149618,119],{"class":118},[50,149620,122],{"class":64},[50,149622,1780],{"class":1779},[50,149624,122],{"class":64},[50,149626,2495],{"class":125},[50,149628,1770],{"class":64},[20,149630,2091],{},[41,149632,149634],{"className":43,"code":149633,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149635,149636,149640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149637,149638],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149639,2969],{"class":101},[50,149641,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149643,3315],{"class":60},[50,149645,3318],{"class":2085},[50,149647,3321],{"class":68},[50,149649,2209],{"class":72},[50,149651,1736],{"class":68},[50,149653,3328],{"class":60},[20,149655,149656],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[41,149658,149660],{"className":43,"code":149659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149661,149662,149674,149684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149663,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149665,149155],{"class":56},[50,149667,61],{"class":60},[50,149669,9262],{"class":64},[50,149671,2157],{"class":101},[50,149673,149164],{"class":64},[50,149675,149676,149678,149680,149682],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149677,119],{"class":118},[50,149679,122],{"class":64},[50,149681,149233],{"class":125},[50,149683,414],{"class":64},[50,149685,149686,149688,149690,149692,149694,149696],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,149687,119],{"class":118},[50,149689,122],{"class":64},[50,149691,1780],{"class":1779},[50,149693,122],{"class":64},[50,149695,149233],{"class":125},[50,149697,1770],{"class":64},[20,149699,2091],{},[41,149701,149703],{"className":43,"code":149702,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149704,149705,149713],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149706,149707,149709,149711],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149708,122],{"class":64},[50,149710,2157],{"class":101},[50,149712,149164],{"class":64},[50,149714,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149716,3315],{"class":60},[50,149718,3318],{"class":2085},[50,149720,3321],{"class":68},[50,149722,48767],{"class":72},[50,149724,1736],{"class":68},[50,149726,3328],{"class":60},[20,149728,16655],{},[41,149730,149732],{"className":43,"code":149731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149733,149734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149735,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149737,122],{"class":64},[50,149739,69],{"class":68},[50,149741,4102],{"class":72},[50,149743,69],{"class":68},[50,149745,149164],{"class":64},[20,149747,16643],{},[41,149749,149751],{"className":43,"code":149750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149752,149753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149754,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149756,122],{"class":64},[50,149758,69],{"class":68},[50,149760,4102],{"class":72},[50,149762,69],{"class":68},[50,149764,414],{"class":64},[20,149766,149767],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[219,149769,149771],{"id":149770},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149773,149774],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[811,149776,56278],{"id":3678},[41,149778,149779],{"className":43,"code":149350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,149780,149781,149801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149782,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149784,3647],{"class":56},[50,149786,61],{"class":60},[50,149788,9262],{"class":64},[50,149790,3011],{"class":101},[50,149792,89],{"class":64},[50,149794,3016],{"class":101},[50,149796,89],{"class":64},[50,149798,2473],{"class":101},[50,149800,414],{"class":64},[50,149802,149803,149805,149807,149809],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149804,119],{"class":118},[50,149806,122],{"class":64},[50,149808,3678],{"class":125},[50,149810,414],{"class":64},[811,149812,56281],{"id":5332},[41,149814,149816],{"className":43,"code":149815,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149817,149818,149850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149819,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149821,13084],{"class":56},[50,149823,61],{"class":60},[50,149825,9262],{"class":64},[50,149827,69],{"class":68},[50,149829,13101],{"class":72},[50,149831,69],{"class":68},[50,149833,89],{"class":64},[50,149835,81],{"class":68},[50,149837,17448],{"class":72},[50,149839,69],{"class":68},[50,149841,89],{"class":64},[50,149843,81],{"class":68},[50,149845,13118],{"class":72},[50,149847,69],{"class":68},[50,149849,414],{"class":64},[50,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149853,119],{"class":118},[50,149855,122],{"class":64},[50,149857,17495],{"class":125},[50,149859,414],{"class":64},[811,149861,149863],{"id":149862},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[41,149865,149867],{"className":43,"code":149866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149868,149869,149893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149872,59290],{"class":56},[50,149874,61],{"class":60},[50,149876,9262],{"class":64},[50,149878,3011],{"class":101},[50,149880,89],{"class":64},[50,149882,81],{"class":68},[50,149884,4102],{"class":72},[50,149886,69],{"class":68},[50,149888,89],{"class":64},[50,149890,3938],{"class":1494},[50,149892,414],{"class":64},[50,149894,149895,149897,149899,149901],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149896,119],{"class":118},[50,149898,122],{"class":64},[50,149900,59343],{"class":125},[50,149902,414],{"class":64},[811,149904,149906],{"id":149905},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149908,149909],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[41,149911,149913],{"className":43,"code":149912,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149914,149915,149956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149916,149917,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149918,149919],{"class":56},"nested ",[50,149921,61],{"class":60},[50,149923,9262],{"class":64},[50,149925,3011],{"class":101},[50,149927,89],{"class":64},[50,149929,9262],{"class":64},[50,149931,69],{"class":68},[50,149933,380],{"class":72},[50,149935,69],{"class":68},[50,149937,89],{"class":64},[50,149939,81],{"class":68},[50,149941,4784],{"class":72},[50,149943,69],{"class":68},[50,149945,9259],{"class":64},[50,149947,3652],{"class":64},[50,149949,2352],{"class":101},[50,149951,89],{"class":64},[50,149953,7816],{"class":101},[50,149955,3911],{"class":64},[50,149957,149958,149960,149962,149965],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149959,119],{"class":118},[50,149961,122],{"class":64},[50,149963,149964],{"class":125},"nested",[50,149966,414],{"class":64},[20,149968,2091],{},[41,149970,149972],{"className":43,"code":149971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149973,149974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149975,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149977,122],{"class":64},[50,149979,3011],{"class":101},[50,149981,89],{"class":64},[50,149983,9262],{"class":64},[50,149985,1736],{"class":68},[50,149987,380],{"class":72},[50,149989,1736],{"class":68},[50,149991,89],{"class":64},[50,149993,3321],{"class":68},[50,149995,4784],{"class":72},[50,149997,1736],{"class":68},[50,149999,9259],{"class":64},[50,150001,3652],{"class":64},[50,150003,2352],{"class":101},[50,150005,89],{"class":64},[50,150007,7816],{"class":101},[50,150009,3911],{"class":64},[219,150011,150013,150014],{"id":150012},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150015,37855],{},[20,150017,150018,150019,150021],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150020,37855],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150023,150024,150025,129],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[380,150026,63036],{"href":63035},[811,150028,105067],{"id":105066},[41,150030,150032],{"className":43,"code":150031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150033,150034,150056],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150035,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150037,3647],{"class":56},[50,150039,61],{"class":60},[50,150041,149174],{"class":1779},[50,150043,3008],{"class":64},[50,150045,3011],{"class":101},[50,150047,89],{"class":64},[50,150049,3016],{"class":101},[50,150051,89],{"class":64},[50,150053,2473],{"class":101},[50,150055,3911],{"class":64},[50,150057,150058,150060,150062,150064],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150059,119],{"class":118},[50,150061,122],{"class":64},[50,150063,3678],{"class":125},[50,150065,414],{"class":64},[20,150067,2091],{},[41,150069,150070],{"className":43,"code":149387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150071,150072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150073,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150075,122],{"class":64},[50,150077,3011],{"class":101},[50,150079,89],{"class":64},[50,150081,3016],{"class":101},[50,150083,89],{"class":64},[50,150085,2473],{"class":101},[50,150087,414],{"class":64},[811,150089,105253],{"id":105252},[41,150091,150093],{"className":43,"code":150092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150094,150095,150113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150096,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150098,35897],{"class":56},[50,150100,61],{"class":60},[50,150102,149174],{"class":1779},[50,150104,122],{"class":64},[50,150106,69],{"class":68},[50,150108,41371],{"class":72},[50,150110,69],{"class":68},[50,150112,414],{"class":64},[50,150114,150115,150117,150119,150121],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150116,119],{"class":118},[50,150118,122],{"class":64},[50,150120,35950],{"class":125},[50,150122,414],{"class":64},[20,150124,2091],{},[41,150126,150128],{"className":43,"code":150127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150129,150130],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150131,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150133,122],{"class":64},[50,150135,1736],{"class":68},[50,150137,380],{"class":72},[50,150139,1736],{"class":68},[50,150141,89],{"class":64},[50,150143,3321],{"class":68},[50,150145,4784],{"class":72},[50,150147,1736],{"class":68},[50,150149,89],{"class":64},[50,150151,3321],{"class":68},[50,150153,9763],{"class":72},[50,150155,1736],{"class":68},[50,150157,414],{"class":64},[20,150159,150160],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[811,150162,150164],{"id":150163},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[41,150166,150168],{"className":43,"code":150167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150169,150170,150188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150171,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150173,3848],{"class":56},[50,150175,61],{"class":60},[50,150177,149174],{"class":1779},[50,150179,122],{"class":64},[50,150181,59816],{"class":118},[50,150183,122],{"class":64},[50,150185,2527],{"class":101},[50,150187,1770],{"class":64},[50,150189,150190,150192,150194,150196],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150191,119],{"class":118},[50,150193,122],{"class":64},[50,150195,5382],{"class":125},[50,150197,414],{"class":64},[20,150199,2091],{},[41,150201,150203],{"className":43,"code":150202,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150204,150205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150206,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150208,122],{"class":64},[50,150210,1215],{"class":101},[50,150212,89],{"class":64},[50,150214,5521],{"class":101},[50,150216,89],{"class":64},[50,150218,3016],{"class":101},[50,150220,89],{"class":64},[50,150222,2473],{"class":101},[50,150224,414],{"class":64},[20,150226,150227],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[219,150229,1245],{"id":1244},[233,150231,150232,150235,150238,150241],{},[236,150233,150234],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[236,150236,150237],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[236,150239,150240],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[236,150242,150243],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150245,150246,150247,129],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[380,150248,150250],{"href":150249},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[219,150252,1663],{"id":1662},[20,150254,150255],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[811,150257,150259],{"id":150258},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150261,150262],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[41,150264,150266],{"className":43,"code":150265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150267,150268,150284],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150269,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150271,28339],{"class":56},[50,150273,61],{"class":60},[50,150275,9262],{"class":64},[50,150277,69],{"class":68},[50,150279,4102],{"class":72},[50,150281,69],{"class":68},[50,150283,414],{"class":64},[50,150285,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150287,119],{"class":118},[50,150289,122],{"class":64},[50,150291,1780],{"class":1779},[50,150293,122],{"class":64},[50,150295,23109],{"class":125},[50,150297,1770],{"class":64},[20,150299,150300],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[41,150302,150304],{"className":43,"code":150303,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150305,150306,150322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150307,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318,150320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150309,28339],{"class":56},[50,150311,61],{"class":60},[50,150313,9262],{"class":64},[50,150315,69],{"class":68},[50,150317,4102],{"class":72},[50,150319,69],{"class":68},[50,150321,149164],{"class":64},[50,150323,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150325,119],{"class":118},[50,150327,122],{"class":64},[50,150329,1780],{"class":1779},[50,150331,122],{"class":64},[50,150333,23109],{"class":125},[50,150335,1770],{"class":64},[811,150337,150339],{"id":150338},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150341,150342],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[41,150344,150346],{"className":43,"code":150345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150347,150348,150368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150349,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150351,3848],{"class":56},[50,150353,61],{"class":60},[50,150355,3652],{"class":64},[50,150357,3011],{"class":101},[50,150359,89],{"class":64},[50,150361,3016],{"class":101},[50,150363,89],{"class":64},[50,150365,2473],{"class":101},[50,150367,788],{"class":64},[50,150369,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150371,119],{"class":118},[50,150373,122],{"class":64},[50,150375,1780],{"class":1779},[50,150377,122],{"class":64},[50,150379,5382],{"class":125},[50,150381,1770],{"class":64},[20,150383,150384],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[41,150386,150388],{"className":43,"code":150387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150389,150390,150410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150391,150392,150394,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150393,3848],{"class":56},[50,150395,61],{"class":60},[50,150397,9262],{"class":64},[50,150399,3011],{"class":101},[50,150401,89],{"class":64},[50,150403,3016],{"class":101},[50,150405,89],{"class":64},[50,150407,2473],{"class":101},[50,150409,414],{"class":64},[50,150411,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150413,119],{"class":118},[50,150415,122],{"class":64},[50,150417,1780],{"class":1779},[50,150419,122],{"class":64},[50,150421,5382],{"class":125},[50,150423,1770],{"class":64},[811,150425,150427],{"id":150426},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150429,150240],{},[41,150431,150433],{"className":43,"code":150432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150434,150435,150455],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150436,150437,150439,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150438,3647],{"class":56},[50,150440,61],{"class":60},[50,150442,9262],{"class":64},[50,150444,3011],{"class":101},[50,150446,89],{"class":64},[50,150448,3016],{"class":101},[50,150450,89],{"class":64},[50,150452,2473],{"class":101},[50,150454,414],{"class":64},[50,150456,150457],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150458,150459],{"class":146},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150461,150462],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[811,150464,37012,150466,150469],{"id":150465},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150467,150468],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150471,64462],{},[41,150473,150474],{"className":43,"code":150092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150475,150476,150494],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150477,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150479,35897],{"class":56},[50,150481,61],{"class":60},[50,150483,149174],{"class":1779},[50,150485,122],{"class":64},[50,150487,69],{"class":68},[50,150489,41371],{"class":72},[50,150491,69],{"class":68},[50,150493,414],{"class":64},[50,150495,150496,150498,150500,150502],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150497,119],{"class":118},[50,150499,122],{"class":64},[50,150501,35950],{"class":125},[50,150503,414],{"class":64},[20,150505,150506],{},"gives:",[41,150508,150509],{"className":43,"code":150127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150510,150511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150512,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523,150525,150527,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150514,122],{"class":64},[50,150516,1736],{"class":68},[50,150518,380],{"class":72},[50,150520,1736],{"class":68},[50,150522,89],{"class":64},[50,150524,3321],{"class":68},[50,150526,4784],{"class":72},[50,150528,1736],{"class":68},[50,150530,89],{"class":64},[50,150532,3321],{"class":68},[50,150534,9763],{"class":72},[50,150536,1736],{"class":68},[50,150538,414],{"class":64},[20,150540,150541],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[41,150543,150545],{"className":43,"code":150544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150546,150547,150563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150548,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150550,6178],{"class":56},[50,150552,61],{"class":60},[50,150554,9262],{"class":64},[50,150556,69],{"class":68},[50,150558,41371],{"class":72},[50,150560,69],{"class":68},[50,150562,149164],{"class":64},[50,150564,150565,150567,150569,150571],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150566,119],{"class":118},[50,150568,122],{"class":64},[50,150570,38200],{"class":125},[50,150572,414],{"class":64},[20,150574,2091],{},[41,150576,150578],{"className":43,"code":150577,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('abc',)\n",[15,150579,150580],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150581,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150583,122],{"class":64},[50,150585,1736],{"class":68},[50,150587,41371],{"class":72},[50,150589,1736],{"class":68},[50,150591,149164],{"class":64},[811,150593,150595],{"id":150594},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150597,150598],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[41,150600,150602],{"className":43,"code":150601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150603,150604,150621,150625,150635,150649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150605,150606,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150607,150608],{"class":56},"my_tuple ",[50,150610,61],{"class":60},[50,150612,9262],{"class":64},[50,150614,69],{"class":68},[50,150616,4102],{"class":72},[50,150618,69],{"class":68},[50,150620,149164],{"class":64},[50,150622,150623],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150624,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,150626,150627,150629,150631,150633],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,150628,119],{"class":118},[50,150630,122],{"class":64},[50,150632,147826],{"class":125},[50,150634,414],{"class":64},[50,150636,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,150638,119],{"class":118},[50,150640,122],{"class":64},[50,150642,1780],{"class":1779},[50,150644,122],{"class":64},[50,150646,147826],{"class":125},[50,150648,1770],{"class":64},[50,150650,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,150652,119],{"class":118},[50,150654,122],{"class":64},[50,150656,11181],{"class":118},[50,150658,122],{"class":64},[50,150660,147826],{"class":125},[50,150662,1770],{"class":64},[219,150664,1857],{"id":1856},[811,150666,150668],{"id":150667},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150670,150671,150672,150675],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150673,150674],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[811,150677,150679],{"id":150678},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150681,150682],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[811,150684,150686],{"id":150685},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150688,150689],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[811,150691,150693],{"id":150692},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150695,150696],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[811,150698,5164,150700,12726],{"id":150699},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150701,150468],{},[20,150703,5170,150704,150707],{},[15,150705,150706],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[219,150709,1909],{"id":1908},[233,150711,150712,150716,150720,150726,150731,150736,150740],{},[236,150713,150714],{},[380,150715,147808],{"href":147807},[236,150717,150718],{},[380,150719,149481],{"href":149480},[236,150721,150722],{},[380,150723,150725],{"href":150724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[236,150727,150728],{},[380,150729,150730],{"href":149046},"Python tuple length with len()",[236,150732,150733],{},[380,150734,150735],{"href":149111},"What is a tuple in Python?",[236,150737,150738],{},[380,150739,63036],{"href":63035},[236,150741,150742],{},[380,150743,150744],{"href":150249},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1944,150746,150747],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":150749},[150750,150751,150752,150753,150754,150755,150761,150767,150768,150776,150784],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":15166,"depth":108,"text":15167},{"id":149340,"depth":108,"text":149341},{"id":149484,"depth":108,"text":149485},{"id":149577,"depth":108,"text":149578},{"id":149770,"depth":108,"text":149771,"children":150756},[150757,150758,150759,150760],{"id":3678,"depth":115,"text":56278},{"id":5332,"depth":115,"text":56281},{"id":149862,"depth":115,"text":149863},{"id":149905,"depth":115,"text":149906},{"id":150012,"depth":108,"text":150762,"children":150763},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150764,150765,150766],{"id":105066,"depth":115,"text":105067},{"id":105252,"depth":115,"text":105253},{"id":150163,"depth":115,"text":150164},{"id":1244,"depth":108,"text":1245},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":150769},[150770,150771,150772,150773,150775],{"id":150258,"depth":115,"text":150259},{"id":150338,"depth":115,"text":150339},{"id":150426,"depth":115,"text":150427},{"id":150465,"depth":115,"text":150774},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150594,"depth":115,"text":150595},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":150777},[150778,150779,150780,150781,150782],{"id":150667,"depth":115,"text":150668},{"id":150678,"depth":115,"text":150679},{"id":150685,"depth":115,"text":150686},{"id":150692,"depth":115,"text":150693},{"id":150699,"depth":115,"text":150783},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149097,"description":150785},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150792,"title":150793,"body":150794,"description":152339,"extension":1981,"meta":152340,"navigation":111,"path":152341,"seo":152342,"stem":152343,"__hash__":152344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150795,"toc":152309},[150796,150799,150804,150806,150819,150825,150827,150894,150896,150931,150936,150940,150944,150946,150957,150965,150967,150969,150990,150992,151012,151015,151017,151022,151065,151067,151089,151092,151105,151109,151113,151116,151169,151171,151192,151197,151201,151204,151249,151251,151284,151296,151300,151308,151345,151347,151376,151380,151383,151436,151438,151458,151465,151469,151474,151543,151545,151570,151574,151577,151583,151660,151662,151721,151723,151735,151740,151744,151748,151762,151764,151799,151801,151818,151821,151834,151838,151842,151853,151858,151873,151876,151879,151881,151884,151888,151890,151904,151906,151930,151935,151939,151942,151961,151964,152013,152018,152035,152038,152071,152075,152077,152128,152131,152156,152159,152182,152186,152192,152194,152229,152232,152237,152239,152243,152246,152250,152255,152259,152262,152266,152269,152273,152278,152280,152306],[10,150797,150793],{"id":150798},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150800,9152,150801,150803],{},[15,150802,37855],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150805,82408],{},[233,150807,150808,150813],{},[236,150809,150810,150812],{},[15,150811,37855],{}," creates an empty tuple",[236,150814,150815,150818],{},[15,150816,150817],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150820,150821,150822,150824],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150823,37855],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[219,150826,2022],{"id":2021},[41,150828,150830],{"className":43,"code":150829,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150831,150832,150852,150866,150870,150880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150833,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150835,3647],{"class":56},[50,150837,61],{"class":60},[50,150839,3652],{"class":64},[50,150841,3011],{"class":101},[50,150843,89],{"class":64},[50,150845,3016],{"class":101},[50,150847,89],{"class":64},[50,150849,2473],{"class":101},[50,150851,788],{"class":64},[50,150853,150854,150856,150858,150860,150862,150864],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150855,2250],{"class":56},[50,150857,61],{"class":60},[50,150859,149174],{"class":1779},[50,150861,122],{"class":64},[50,150863,3678],{"class":125},[50,150865,414],{"class":64},[50,150867,150868],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,150869,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,150871,150872,150874,150876,150878],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,150873,119],{"class":118},[50,150875,122],{"class":64},[50,150877,2285],{"class":125},[50,150879,414],{"class":64},[50,150881,150882,150884,150886,150888,150890,150892],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,150883,119],{"class":118},[50,150885,122],{"class":64},[50,150887,1780],{"class":1779},[50,150889,122],{"class":64},[50,150891,2285],{"class":125},[50,150893,1770],{"class":64},[20,150895,2091],{},[41,150897,150899],{"className":43,"code":150898,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150900,150901,150917],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150902,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150904,122],{"class":64},[50,150906,3011],{"class":101},[50,150908,89],{"class":64},[50,150910,3016],{"class":101},[50,150912,89],{"class":64},[50,150914,2473],{"class":101},[50,150916,414],{"class":64},[50,150918,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150920,3315],{"class":60},[50,150922,3318],{"class":2085},[50,150924,3321],{"class":68},[50,150926,48767],{"class":72},[50,150928,1736],{"class":68},[50,150930,3328],{"class":60},[20,150932,212,150933,150935],{},[15,150934,150817],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[219,150937,150939],{"id":150938},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150941,150942,62744],{},[15,150943,37855],{},[20,150945,48741],{},[233,150947,150948,150951,150954],{},[236,150949,150950],{},"creates a tuple object",[236,150952,150953],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[236,150955,150956],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150958,150959,150960,150962,150963,129],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[380,150961,149112],{"href":149111}," or the full guide to ",[380,150964,147808],{"href":147807},[219,150966,387],{"id":386},[20,150968,26287],{},[41,150970,150972],{"className":43,"code":150971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150973,150974,150980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150975,150976,150978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150977,48767],{"class":1779},[50,150979,8671],{"class":64},[50,150981,150982,150984,150986,150988],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150983,48767],{"class":1779},[50,150985,122],{"class":64},[50,150987,3748],{"class":125},[50,150989,414],{"class":64},[20,150991,11473],{},[233,150993,150994,150997],{},[236,150995,150996],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[236,150998,150999,151000],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[233,151001,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010],{},[236,151003,5323],{},[236,151005,5332],{},[236,151007,62815],{},[236,151009,5329],{},[236,151011,7276],{},[20,151013,151014],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[219,151016,149485],{"id":149484},[20,151018,29451,151019,151021],{},[15,151020,37855],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[41,151023,151025],{"className":43,"code":151024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151026,151027,151037,151041,151051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151028,151029,151031,151033,151035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151030,124672],{"class":56},[50,151032,61],{"class":60},[50,151034,149174],{"class":1779},[50,151036,8671],{"class":64},[50,151038,151039],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151040,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151042,151043,151045,151047,151049],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151044,119],{"class":118},[50,151046,122],{"class":64},[50,151048,124723],{"class":125},[50,151050,414],{"class":64},[50,151052,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,151054,119],{"class":118},[50,151056,122],{"class":64},[50,151058,1780],{"class":1779},[50,151060,122],{"class":64},[50,151062,124723],{"class":125},[50,151064,1770],{"class":64},[20,151066,2091],{},[41,151068,151069],{"className":43,"code":149530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151070,151071,151075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151072,151073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151074,8671],{"class":64},[50,151076,151077,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151078,3315],{"class":60},[50,151080,3318],{"class":2085},[50,151082,3321],{"class":68},[50,151084,48767],{"class":72},[50,151086,1736],{"class":68},[50,151088,3328],{"class":60},[20,151090,151091],{},"This is equivalent to:",[41,151093,151095],{"className":43,"code":151094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = ()\n",[15,151096,151097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151098,151099,151101,151103],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151100,124672],{"class":56},[50,151102,61],{"class":60},[50,151104,149150],{"class":64},[219,151106,151108],{"id":151107},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[811,151110,151112],{"id":151111},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151114,151115],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[41,151117,151119],{"className":43,"code":151118,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151120,151121,151141,151155,151159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151122,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151124,3647],{"class":56},[50,151126,61],{"class":60},[50,151128,3652],{"class":64},[50,151130,2352],{"class":101},[50,151132,89],{"class":64},[50,151134,7816],{"class":101},[50,151136,89],{"class":64},[50,151138,7821],{"class":101},[50,151140,788],{"class":64},[50,151142,151143,151145,151147,151149,151151,151153],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151144,2250],{"class":56},[50,151146,61],{"class":60},[50,151148,149174],{"class":1779},[50,151150,122],{"class":64},[50,151152,3678],{"class":125},[50,151154,414],{"class":64},[50,151156,151157],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151158,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151160,151161,151163,151165,151167],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,151162,119],{"class":118},[50,151164,122],{"class":64},[50,151166,2285],{"class":125},[50,151168,414],{"class":64},[20,151170,2091],{},[41,151172,151174],{"className":43,"code":151173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151175,151176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151177,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188,151190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151179,122],{"class":64},[50,151181,2352],{"class":101},[50,151183,89],{"class":64},[50,151185,7816],{"class":101},[50,151187,89],{"class":64},[50,151189,7821],{"class":101},[50,151191,414],{"class":64},[20,151193,151194,151195,129],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[380,151196,104872],{"href":59873},[811,151198,151200],{"id":151199},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151202,151203],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[41,151205,151207],{"className":43,"code":151206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151208,151209,151221,151235,151239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151210,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151212,34492],{"class":56},[50,151214,61],{"class":60},[50,151216,81],{"class":68},[50,151218,36855],{"class":72},[50,151220,3384],{"class":68},[50,151222,151223,151225,151227,151229,151231,151233],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151224,2250],{"class":56},[50,151226,61],{"class":60},[50,151228,149174],{"class":1779},[50,151230,122],{"class":64},[50,151232,34513],{"class":125},[50,151234,414],{"class":64},[50,151236,151237],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151238,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151240,151241,151243,151245,151247],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,151242,119],{"class":118},[50,151244,122],{"class":64},[50,151246,2285],{"class":125},[50,151248,414],{"class":64},[20,151250,2091],{},[41,151252,151254],{"className":43,"code":151253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151255,151256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151257,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278,151280,151282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151259,122],{"class":64},[50,151261,1736],{"class":68},[50,151263,9763],{"class":72},[50,151265,1736],{"class":68},[50,151267,89],{"class":64},[50,151269,3321],{"class":68},[50,151271,380],{"class":72},[50,151273,1736],{"class":68},[50,151275,89],{"class":64},[50,151277,3321],{"class":68},[50,151279,63105],{"class":72},[50,151281,1736],{"class":68},[50,151283,414],{"class":64},[20,151285,151286,151287,14059,151290,151292,151293,129],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151288,151289],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[997,151291,1262],{}," create ",[15,151294,151295],{},"('cat',)",[811,151297,151299],{"id":151298},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151301,151302,151304,151305,151307],{},[15,151303,36005],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151306,37855],{}," collects them all.",[41,151309,151311],{"className":43,"code":151310,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151312,151313,151331,151335],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151314,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151316,2250],{"class":56},[50,151318,61],{"class":60},[50,151320,149174],{"class":1779},[50,151322,122],{"class":64},[50,151324,59816],{"class":118},[50,151326,122],{"class":64},[50,151328,2157],{"class":101},[50,151330,1770],{"class":64},[50,151332,151333],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151334,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151336,151337,151339,151341,151343],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151338,119],{"class":118},[50,151340,122],{"class":64},[50,151342,2285],{"class":125},[50,151344,414],{"class":64},[20,151346,2091],{},[41,151348,151350],{"className":43,"code":151349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151351,151352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151353,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151355,122],{"class":64},[50,151357,1215],{"class":101},[50,151359,89],{"class":64},[50,151361,5521],{"class":101},[50,151363,89],{"class":64},[50,151365,3016],{"class":101},[50,151367,89],{"class":64},[50,151369,2473],{"class":101},[50,151371,89],{"class":64},[50,151373,2479],{"class":101},[50,151375,414],{"class":64},[811,151377,151379],{"id":151378},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151381,151382],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[41,151384,151386],{"className":43,"code":151385,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151387,151388,151408,151422,151426],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151389,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151391,3848],{"class":56},[50,151393,61],{"class":60},[50,151395,65],{"class":64},[50,151397,3011],{"class":101},[50,151399,89],{"class":64},[50,151401,3016],{"class":101},[50,151403,89],{"class":64},[50,151405,2473],{"class":101},[50,151407,105],{"class":64},[50,151409,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151411,2250],{"class":56},[50,151413,61],{"class":60},[50,151415,149174],{"class":1779},[50,151417,122],{"class":64},[50,151419,5382],{"class":125},[50,151421,414],{"class":64},[50,151423,151424],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151425,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151427,151428,151430,151432,151434],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,151429,119],{"class":118},[50,151431,122],{"class":64},[50,151433,2285],{"class":125},[50,151435,414],{"class":64},[20,151437,2091],{},[41,151439,151440],{"className":43,"code":149387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151441,151442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151443,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151445,122],{"class":64},[50,151447,3011],{"class":101},[50,151449,89],{"class":64},[50,151451,3016],{"class":101},[50,151453,89],{"class":64},[50,151455,2473],{"class":101},[50,151457,414],{"class":64},[20,151459,151460,151461,129],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[380,151462,151464],{"href":151463},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[811,151466,151468],{"id":151467},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151470,63358,151471,151473],{},[15,151472,37855],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[41,151475,151477],{"className":43,"code":151476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151478,151479,151515,151529,151533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151480,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151482,57],{"class":56},[50,151484,61],{"class":60},[50,151486,65],{"class":64},[50,151488,69],{"class":68},[50,151490,73],{"class":72},[50,151492,69],{"class":68},[50,151494,78],{"class":64},[50,151496,81],{"class":68},[50,151498,84],{"class":72},[50,151500,69],{"class":68},[50,151502,89],{"class":64},[50,151504,81],{"class":68},[50,151506,94],{"class":72},[50,151508,69],{"class":68},[50,151510,78],{"class":64},[50,151512,102],{"class":101},[50,151514,105],{"class":64},[50,151516,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151518,2250],{"class":56},[50,151520,61],{"class":60},[50,151522,149174],{"class":1779},[50,151524,122],{"class":64},[50,151526,126],{"class":125},[50,151528,414],{"class":64},[50,151530,151531],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151532,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151534,151535,151537,151539,151541],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,151536,119],{"class":118},[50,151538,122],{"class":64},[50,151540,2285],{"class":125},[50,151542,414],{"class":64},[20,151544,29831],{},[41,151546,151548],{"className":43,"code":151547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151549,151550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151551,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151553,122],{"class":64},[50,151555,1736],{"class":68},[50,151557,73],{"class":72},[50,151559,1736],{"class":68},[50,151561,89],{"class":64},[50,151563,3321],{"class":68},[50,151565,94],{"class":72},[50,151567,1736],{"class":68},[50,151569,414],{"class":64},[219,151571,151573],{"id":151572},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151575,151576],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151578,151579,151582],{},[15,151580,151581],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[41,151584,151586],{"className":43,"code":151585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151587,151588,151624,151628,151642],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151589,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151591,57],{"class":56},[50,151593,61],{"class":60},[50,151595,65],{"class":64},[50,151597,69],{"class":68},[50,151599,73],{"class":72},[50,151601,69],{"class":68},[50,151603,78],{"class":64},[50,151605,81],{"class":68},[50,151607,84],{"class":72},[50,151609,69],{"class":68},[50,151611,89],{"class":64},[50,151613,81],{"class":68},[50,151615,94],{"class":72},[50,151617,69],{"class":68},[50,151619,78],{"class":64},[50,151621,102],{"class":101},[50,151623,105],{"class":64},[50,151625,151626],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151627,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151629,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151631,119],{"class":118},[50,151633,122],{"class":64},[50,151635,48767],{"class":1779},[50,151637,122],{"class":64},[50,151639,126],{"class":125},[50,151641,1770],{"class":64},[50,151643,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,151645,119],{"class":118},[50,151647,122],{"class":64},[50,151649,48767],{"class":1779},[50,151651,122],{"class":64},[50,151653,126],{"class":125},[50,151655,129],{"class":64},[50,151657,7836],{"class":125},[50,151659,6314],{"class":64},[20,151661,2091],{},[41,151663,151665],{"className":43,"code":151664,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151666,151667,151687],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151668,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151670,122],{"class":64},[50,151672,1736],{"class":68},[50,151674,73],{"class":72},[50,151676,1736],{"class":68},[50,151678,89],{"class":64},[50,151680,3321],{"class":68},[50,151682,94],{"class":72},[50,151684,1736],{"class":68},[50,151686,414],{"class":64},[50,151688,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151690,5534],{"class":64},[50,151692,1736],{"class":68},[50,151694,73],{"class":72},[50,151696,1736],{"class":68},[50,151698,89],{"class":64},[50,151700,3321],{"class":68},[50,151702,84],{"class":72},[50,151704,1736],{"class":68},[50,151706,9259],{"class":64},[50,151708,9262],{"class":64},[50,151710,1736],{"class":68},[50,151712,94],{"class":72},[50,151714,1736],{"class":68},[50,151716,89],{"class":64},[50,151718,102],{"class":101},[50,151720,1770],{"class":64},[20,151722,990],{},[233,151724,151725,151730],{},[236,151726,151727,151729],{},[15,151728,151581],{}," for keys",[236,151731,151732,32360],{},[15,151733,151734],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151736,151737,151738,129],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[380,151739,63368],{"href":63367},[219,151741,151743],{"id":151742},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151745,151746,18312],{},[15,151747,37855],{},[233,151749,151750,151753,151756,151759],{},[236,151751,151752],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[236,151754,151755],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[236,151757,151758],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[236,151760,151761],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151763,253],{},[41,151765,151767],{"className":43,"code":151766,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151768,151769,151788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151770,151771,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151772,151773],{"class":56},"coordinates ",[50,151775,61],{"class":60},[50,151777,149174],{"class":1779},[50,151779,3008],{"class":64},[50,151781,2527],{"class":101},[50,151783,89],{"class":64},[50,151785,6018],{"class":101},[50,151787,3911],{"class":64},[50,151789,151790,151792,151794,151797],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151791,119],{"class":118},[50,151793,122],{"class":64},[50,151795,151796],{"class":125},"coordinates",[50,151798,414],{"class":64},[20,151800,2091],{},[41,151802,151804],{"className":43,"code":151803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151805,151806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151807,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151809,122],{"class":64},[50,151811,2527],{"class":101},[50,151813,89],{"class":64},[50,151815,6018],{"class":101},[50,151817,414],{"class":64},[20,151819,151820],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[233,151822,151823,151825,151828,151831],{},[236,151824,151796],{},[236,151826,151827],{},"RGB colors",[236,151829,151830],{},"dates",[236,151832,151833],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[219,151835,151837],{"id":151836},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151839,44241,151840,589],{},[15,151841,37855],{},[233,151843,151844,151847,151850],{},[236,151845,151846],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[236,151848,151849],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[236,151851,151852],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151854,116299,151855,151857],{},[997,151856,1262],{}," work:",[41,151859,151861],{"className":43,"code":151860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151862,151863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151864,151865,151867,151869,151871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151866,48767],{"class":1779},[50,151868,122],{"class":64},[50,151870,2157],{"class":101},[50,151872,414],{"class":64},[20,151874,151875],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151877,151878],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[219,151880,115137],{"id":115136},[20,151882,151883],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[811,151885,151887],{"id":151886},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151889,2859],{},[41,151891,151892],{"className":43,"code":151860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151893,151894],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151895,151896,151898,151900,151902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151897,48767],{"class":1779},[50,151899,122],{"class":64},[50,151901,2157],{"class":101},[50,151903,414],{"class":64},[20,151905,29482],{},[41,151907,151908],{"className":43,"code":63472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151909,151910],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151911,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151913,3029],{"class":1779},[50,151915,78],{"class":64},[50,151917,3321],{"class":68},[50,151919,2209],{"class":72},[50,151921,1736],{"class":68},[50,151923,24416],{"class":1779},[50,151925,8122],{"class":60},[50,151927,8125],{"class":60},[50,151929,63495],{"class":56},[20,151931,151932,151933,129],{},"If you see this, read ",[380,151934,62109],{"href":52415},[811,151936,151938],{"id":151937},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151940,151941],{},"This code:",[41,151943,151945],{"className":43,"code":151944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151946,151947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151948,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151950,48767],{"class":1779},[50,151952,122],{"class":64},[50,151954,69],{"class":68},[50,151956,3870],{"class":72},[50,151958,69],{"class":68},[50,151960,414],{"class":64},[20,151962,151963],{},"returns:",[41,151965,151967],{"className":43,"code":151966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151968,151969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151970,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001,152003,152005,152007,152009,152011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151972,122],{"class":64},[50,151974,1736],{"class":68},[50,151976,60256],{"class":72},[50,151978,1736],{"class":68},[50,151980,89],{"class":64},[50,151982,3321],{"class":68},[50,151984,60265],{"class":72},[50,151986,1736],{"class":68},[50,151988,89],{"class":64},[50,151990,3321],{"class":68},[50,151992,60274],{"class":72},[50,151994,1736],{"class":68},[50,151996,89],{"class":64},[50,151998,3321],{"class":68},[50,152000,60274],{"class":72},[50,152002,1736],{"class":68},[50,152004,89],{"class":64},[50,152006,3321],{"class":68},[50,152008,60291],{"class":72},[50,152010,1736],{"class":68},[50,152012,414],{"class":64},[20,152014,40716,152015,152017],{},[997,152016,1262],{}," return:",[41,152019,152021],{"className":43,"code":152020,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('hello',)\n",[15,152022,152023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152024,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152026,122],{"class":64},[50,152028,1736],{"class":68},[50,152030,3870],{"class":72},[50,152032,1736],{"class":68},[50,152034,149164],{"class":64},[20,152036,152037],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[41,152039,152041],{"className":43,"code":152040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152042,152043,152060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152044,152045,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152046,152047],{"class":56},"single ",[50,152049,61],{"class":60},[50,152051,9262],{"class":64},[50,152053,69],{"class":68},[50,152055,3870],{"class":72},[50,152057,69],{"class":68},[50,152059,149164],{"class":64},[50,152061,152062,152064,152066,152069],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152063,119],{"class":118},[50,152065,122],{"class":64},[50,152067,152068],{"class":125},"single",[50,152070,414],{"class":64},[811,152072,152074],{"id":152073},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152076,151941],{},[41,152078,152080],{"className":43,"code":152079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152081,152082,152114],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152083,152084,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152085,829],{"class":56},[50,152087,61],{"class":60},[50,152089,65],{"class":64},[50,152091,69],{"class":68},[50,152093,380],{"class":72},[50,152095,69],{"class":68},[50,152097,78],{"class":64},[50,152099,5521],{"class":101},[50,152101,89],{"class":64},[50,152103,81],{"class":68},[50,152105,4784],{"class":72},[50,152107,69],{"class":68},[50,152109,78],{"class":64},[50,152111,3016],{"class":101},[50,152113,105],{"class":64},[50,152115,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152117,119],{"class":118},[50,152119,122],{"class":64},[50,152121,48767],{"class":1779},[50,152123,122],{"class":64},[50,152125,776],{"class":125},[50,152127,1770],{"class":64},[20,152129,152130],{},"returns only the keys:",[41,152132,152134],{"className":43,"code":152133,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152135,152136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152137,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152139,122],{"class":64},[50,152141,1736],{"class":68},[50,152143,380],{"class":72},[50,152145,1736],{"class":68},[50,152147,89],{"class":64},[50,152149,3321],{"class":68},[50,152151,4784],{"class":72},[50,152153,1736],{"class":68},[50,152155,414],{"class":64},[20,152157,152158],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[41,152160,152162],{"className":43,"code":152161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152163,152164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152165,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178,152180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152167,119],{"class":118},[50,152169,122],{"class":64},[50,152171,48767],{"class":1779},[50,152173,122],{"class":64},[50,152175,776],{"class":125},[50,152177,129],{"class":64},[50,152179,7836],{"class":125},[50,152181,6314],{"class":64},[811,152183,152185],{"id":152184},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152187,152188,152189,152191],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152190,37855],{}," conversion.",[20,152193,5495],{},[41,152195,152197],{"className":43,"code":152196,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152198,152199,152219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152200,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152202,2468],{"class":56},[50,152204,61],{"class":60},[50,152206,9262],{"class":64},[50,152208,3011],{"class":101},[50,152210,89],{"class":64},[50,152212,3016],{"class":101},[50,152214,89],{"class":64},[50,152216,2473],{"class":101},[50,152218,414],{"class":64},[50,152220,152221,152223,152225,152227],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152222,119],{"class":118},[50,152224,122],{"class":64},[50,152226,2495],{"class":125},[50,152228,414],{"class":64},[20,152230,152231],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152233,25305,152234,152236],{},[15,152235,37855],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[219,152238,1857],{"id":1856},[811,152240,152242],{"id":152241},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152244,152245],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[811,152247,152249],{"id":152248},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152251,152252,152253,129],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152254,7391],{},[811,152256,152258],{"id":152257},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152260,152261],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[811,152263,152265],{"id":152264},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152267,152268],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[811,152270,152272],{"id":152271},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152274,152275,152276,129],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152277,3029],{},[219,152279,1909],{"id":1908},[233,152281,152282,152286,152290,152294,152298,152302],{},[236,152283,152284],{},[380,152285,147808],{"href":147807},[236,152287,152288],{},[380,152289,150735],{"href":149111},[236,152291,152292],{},[380,152293,104872],{"href":59873},[236,152295,152296],{},[380,152297,151464],{"href":151463},[236,152299,152300],{},[380,152301,63368],{"href":63367},[236,152303,152304],{},[380,152305,62109],{"href":52415},[1944,152307,152308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":152310},[152311,152312,152313,152314,152315,152322,152323,152324,152325,152331,152338],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":150938,"depth":108,"text":150939},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":149484,"depth":108,"text":149485},{"id":151107,"depth":108,"text":151108,"children":152316},[152317,152318,152319,152320,152321],{"id":151111,"depth":115,"text":151112},{"id":151199,"depth":115,"text":151200},{"id":151298,"depth":115,"text":151299},{"id":151378,"depth":115,"text":151379},{"id":151467,"depth":115,"text":151468},{"id":151572,"depth":108,"text":151573},{"id":151742,"depth":108,"text":151743},{"id":151836,"depth":108,"text":151837},{"id":115136,"depth":108,"text":115137,"children":152326},[152327,152328,152329,152330],{"id":151886,"depth":115,"text":151887},{"id":151937,"depth":115,"text":151938},{"id":152073,"depth":115,"text":152074},{"id":152184,"depth":115,"text":152185},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":152332},[152333,152334,152335,152336,152337],{"id":152241,"depth":115,"text":152242},{"id":152248,"depth":115,"text":152249},{"id":152257,"depth":115,"text":152258},{"id":152264,"depth":115,"text":152265},{"id":152271,"depth":115,"text":152272},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150793,"description":152339},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152346,"title":152347,"body":152348,"description":153761,"extension":1981,"meta":153762,"navigation":111,"path":153763,"seo":153764,"stem":153765,"__hash__":153766},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152349,"toc":153733},[152350,152355,152360,152363,152365,152444,152450,152455,152459,152474,152476,152523,152525,152533,152541,152547,152549,152554,152574,152577,152604,152606,152630,152632,152774,152776,152780,152788,152791,152793,152870,152872,152880,152884,152888,152898,152908,152910,152915,152917,152976,152981,152983,153083,153085,153099,153104,153110,153117,153120,153122,153232,153236,153253,153255,153318,153320,153328,153340,153344,153349,153377,153380,153462,153464,153475,153477,153481,153508,153510,153512,153592,153600,153602,153657,153659,153664,153667,153671,153675,153677,153681,153685,153693,153700,153703,153705,153730],[10,152351,147692,152353,18],{"id":152352},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152354,58785],{},[20,152356,152357,152359],{},[15,152358,149013],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152361,152362],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[219,152364,2022],{"id":2021},[41,152366,152368],{"className":43,"code":152367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152369,152370,152410,152432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152371,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152373,13084],{"class":56},[50,152375,61],{"class":60},[50,152377,9262],{"class":64},[50,152379,69],{"class":68},[50,152381,13101],{"class":72},[50,152383,69],{"class":68},[50,152385,89],{"class":64},[50,152387,81],{"class":68},[50,152389,13118],{"class":72},[50,152391,69],{"class":68},[50,152393,89],{"class":64},[50,152395,81],{"class":68},[50,152397,17448],{"class":72},[50,152399,69],{"class":68},[50,152401,89],{"class":64},[50,152403,81],{"class":68},[50,152405,13118],{"class":72},[50,152407,69],{"class":68},[50,152409,414],{"class":64},[50,152411,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152413,64738],{"class":56},[50,152415,61],{"class":60},[50,152417,13132],{"class":56},[50,152419,129],{"class":64},[50,152421,35652],{"class":125},[50,152423,122],{"class":64},[50,152425,69],{"class":68},[50,152427,13118],{"class":72},[50,152429,69],{"class":68},[50,152431,414],{"class":64},[50,152433,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,152435,119],{"class":118},[50,152437,122],{"class":64},[50,152439,64765],{"class":125},[50,152441,1206],{"class":64},[50,152443,27580],{"class":146},[20,152445,152446,152449],{},[15,152447,152448],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[219,152451,222,152453,225],{"id":152452},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152454,149013],{},[20,152456,228,152457,231],{},[15,152458,58785],{},[233,152460,152461,152464,152466,152469],{},[236,152462,152463],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[236,152465,128290],{},[236,152467,152468],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[236,152470,152471,152472],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152473,1215],{},[20,152475,253],{},[41,152477,152479],{"className":43,"code":152478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152480,152481,152505],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152482,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152484,3647],{"class":56},[50,152486,61],{"class":60},[50,152488,9262],{"class":64},[50,152490,2352],{"class":101},[50,152492,89],{"class":64},[50,152494,7816],{"class":101},[50,152496,89],{"class":64},[50,152498,7821],{"class":101},[50,152500,89],{"class":64},[50,152502,7816],{"class":101},[50,152504,414],{"class":64},[50,152506,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152508,119],{"class":118},[50,152510,122],{"class":64},[50,152512,3678],{"class":125},[50,152514,129],{"class":64},[50,152516,35652],{"class":125},[50,152518,122],{"class":64},[50,152520,15755],{"class":101},[50,152522,1770],{"class":64},[20,152524,2091],{},[41,152526,152527],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152528,152529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152530,152531],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152532,46730],{"class":101},[20,152534,1423,152535,152537,152538,152540],{},[15,152536,15755],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152539,58785],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152542,150959,152543,129],{},[380,152544,152546],{"href":152545},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[219,152548,387],{"id":386},[20,152550,7788,152551,152553],{},[15,152552,58785],{}," in two ways:",[41,152555,152557],{"className":43,"code":152556,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152558,152559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152560,152561,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152562,152563],{"class":56},"tuple_name",[50,152565,129],{"class":64},[50,152567,35652],{"class":125},[50,152569,122],{"class":64},[50,152571,2495],{"class":125},[50,152573,414],{"class":64},[20,152575,152576],{},"or:",[41,152578,152580],{"className":43,"code":152579,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152581,152582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152583,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152585,152563],{"class":56},[50,152587,129],{"class":64},[50,152589,35652],{"class":125},[50,152591,122],{"class":64},[50,152593,2495],{"class":125},[50,152595,89],{"class":64},[50,152597,35858],{"class":125},[50,152599,89],{"class":64},[50,152601,64859],{"class":125},[50,152603,414],{"class":64},[811,152605,17387],{"id":17386},[233,152607,152608,152613,152618,152623],{},[236,152609,152610,152612],{},[15,152611,2495],{}," — the item to search for",[236,152614,152615,152617],{},[15,152616,35879],{}," — optional starting position",[236,152619,152620,152622],{},[15,152621,52476],{}," — optional ending position",[236,152624,152625,4807,152627,152629],{},[15,152626,52476],{},[997,152628,64888],{}," in the search",[20,152631,253],{},[41,152633,152635],{"className":43,"code":152634,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152636,152637,152685,152689,152714,152742],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152638,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152640,35897],{"class":56},[50,152642,61],{"class":60},[50,152644,9262],{"class":64},[50,152646,69],{"class":68},[50,152648,380],{"class":72},[50,152650,69],{"class":68},[50,152652,89],{"class":64},[50,152654,81],{"class":68},[50,152656,4784],{"class":72},[50,152658,69],{"class":68},[50,152660,89],{"class":64},[50,152662,81],{"class":68},[50,152664,9763],{"class":72},[50,152666,69],{"class":68},[50,152668,89],{"class":64},[50,152670,81],{"class":68},[50,152672,4784],{"class":72},[50,152674,69],{"class":68},[50,152676,89],{"class":64},[50,152678,81],{"class":68},[50,152680,18757],{"class":72},[50,152682,69],{"class":68},[50,152684,414],{"class":64},[50,152686,152687],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152688,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,152690,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,152692,119],{"class":118},[50,152694,122],{"class":64},[50,152696,35950],{"class":125},[50,152698,129],{"class":64},[50,152700,35652],{"class":125},[50,152702,122],{"class":64},[50,152704,69],{"class":68},[50,152706,4784],{"class":72},[50,152708,69],{"class":68},[50,152710,143],{"class":64},[50,152712,152713],{"class":146},"        # 1\n",[50,152715,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,152717,119],{"class":118},[50,152719,122],{"class":64},[50,152721,35950],{"class":125},[50,152723,129],{"class":64},[50,152725,35652],{"class":125},[50,152727,122],{"class":64},[50,152729,69],{"class":68},[50,152731,4784],{"class":72},[50,152733,69],{"class":68},[50,152735,89],{"class":64},[50,152737,3016],{"class":101},[50,152739,143],{"class":64},[50,152741,50733],{"class":146},[50,152743,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,152745,119],{"class":118},[50,152747,122],{"class":64},[50,152749,35950],{"class":125},[50,152751,129],{"class":64},[50,152753,35652],{"class":125},[50,152755,122],{"class":64},[50,152757,69],{"class":68},[50,152759,4784],{"class":72},[50,152761,69],{"class":68},[50,152763,89],{"class":64},[50,152765,5521],{"class":101},[50,152767,89],{"class":64},[50,152769,2473],{"class":101},[50,152771,143],{"class":64},[50,152773,27580],{"class":146},[219,152775,103199],{"id":103198},[20,152777,152778,25308],{},[15,152779,149013],{},[233,152781,152782,152785],{},[236,152783,152784],{},"An integer",[236,152786,152787],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152789,152790],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152792,253],{},[41,152794,152796],{"className":43,"code":152795,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152797,152798,152838,152860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152799,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152801,108298],{"class":56},[50,152803,61],{"class":60},[50,152805,9262],{"class":64},[50,152807,69],{"class":68},[50,152809,36855],{"class":72},[50,152811,69],{"class":68},[50,152813,89],{"class":64},[50,152815,81],{"class":68},[50,152817,57944],{"class":72},[50,152819,69],{"class":68},[50,152821,89],{"class":64},[50,152823,81],{"class":68},[50,152825,57961],{"class":72},[50,152827,69],{"class":68},[50,152829,89],{"class":64},[50,152831,81],{"class":68},[50,152833,57944],{"class":72},[50,152835,69],{"class":68},[50,152837,414],{"class":64},[50,152839,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152841,2250],{"class":56},[50,152843,61],{"class":60},[50,152845,108341],{"class":56},[50,152847,129],{"class":64},[50,152849,35652],{"class":125},[50,152851,122],{"class":64},[50,152853,69],{"class":68},[50,152855,57944],{"class":72},[50,152857,69],{"class":68},[50,152859,414],{"class":64},[50,152861,152862,152864,152866,152868],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,152863,119],{"class":118},[50,152865,122],{"class":64},[50,152867,2285],{"class":125},[50,152869,414],{"class":64},[20,152871,2091],{},[41,152873,152874],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152875,152876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152877,152878],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152879,46730],{"class":101},[219,152881,152883],{"id":152882},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152885,212,152886,589],{},[15,152887,149013],{},[233,152889,152890,152892,152895],{},[236,152891,65917],{},[236,152893,152894],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[236,152896,152897],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152899,152900,152901,152904,152905,129],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152902,152903],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[380,152906,149481],{"href":152907},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[219,152909,65449],{"id":65448},[20,152911,152912,152913,129],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152914,40514],{},[20,152916,253],{},[41,152918,152920],{"className":43,"code":152919,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152921,152922,152954],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152923,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152925,13084],{"class":56},[50,152927,61],{"class":60},[50,152929,9262],{"class":64},[50,152931,69],{"class":68},[50,152933,13101],{"class":72},[50,152935,69],{"class":68},[50,152937,89],{"class":64},[50,152939,81],{"class":68},[50,152941,13118],{"class":72},[50,152943,69],{"class":68},[50,152945,89],{"class":64},[50,152947,81],{"class":68},[50,152949,17448],{"class":72},[50,152951,69],{"class":68},[50,152953,414],{"class":64},[50,152955,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152957,119],{"class":118},[50,152959,122],{"class":64},[50,152961,17495],{"class":125},[50,152963,129],{"class":64},[50,152965,35652],{"class":125},[50,152967,122],{"class":64},[50,152969,69],{"class":68},[50,152971,22322],{"class":72},[50,152973,69],{"class":68},[50,152975,1770],{"class":64},[20,152977,39463,152978,152980],{},[15,152979,109623],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152982,65524],{},[41,152984,152986],{"className":43,"code":152985,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152987,152988,153020,153024,153040,153062,153068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152989,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152991,13084],{"class":56},[50,152993,61],{"class":60},[50,152995,9262],{"class":64},[50,152997,69],{"class":68},[50,152999,13101],{"class":72},[50,153001,69],{"class":68},[50,153003,89],{"class":64},[50,153005,81],{"class":68},[50,153007,13118],{"class":72},[50,153009,69],{"class":68},[50,153011,89],{"class":64},[50,153013,81],{"class":68},[50,153015,17448],{"class":72},[50,153017,69],{"class":68},[50,153019,414],{"class":64},[50,153021,153022],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153023,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153025,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153027,7023],{"class":1622},[50,153029,81],{"class":68},[50,153031,22322],{"class":72},[50,153033,69],{"class":68},[50,153035,1623],{"class":60},[50,153037,13132],{"class":56},[50,153039,6417],{"class":64},[50,153041,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,153043,8094],{"class":118},[50,153045,122],{"class":64},[50,153047,17495],{"class":125},[50,153049,129],{"class":64},[50,153051,35652],{"class":125},[50,153053,122],{"class":64},[50,153055,69],{"class":68},[50,153057,22322],{"class":72},[50,153059,69],{"class":68},[50,153061,1770],{"class":64},[50,153063,153064,153066],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,153065,27234],{"class":1622},[50,153067,6417],{"class":64},[50,153069,153070,153072,153074,153076,153079,153081],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,153071,8094],{"class":118},[50,153073,122],{"class":64},[50,153075,69],{"class":68},[50,153077,153078],{"class":72},"Value not found",[50,153080,69],{"class":68},[50,153082,414],{"class":64},[20,153084,2091],{},[41,153086,153088],{"className":43,"code":153087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Value not found\n",[15,153089,153090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153091,153092,153095,153097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153093,153094],{"class":56},"Value ",[50,153096,1262],{"class":60},[50,153098,65648],{"class":56},[20,153100,153101,153102,129],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[380,153103,65658],{"href":65657},[219,153105,8444,153106,1846,153108],{"id":65225},[15,153107,35879],{},[15,153109,52476],{},[20,153111,228,153112,1846,153114,153116],{},[15,153113,35879],{},[15,153115,52476],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153118,153119],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153121,253],{},[41,153123,153125],{"className":43,"code":153124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153126,153127,153155,153159,153180,153204],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153128,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153130,3848],{"class":56},[50,153132,61],{"class":60},[50,153134,9262],{"class":64},[50,153136,2157],{"class":101},[50,153138,89],{"class":64},[50,153140,1144],{"class":101},[50,153142,89],{"class":64},[50,153144,4629],{"class":101},[50,153146,89],{"class":64},[50,153148,7816],{"class":101},[50,153150,89],{"class":64},[50,153152,4629],{"class":101},[50,153154,414],{"class":64},[50,153156,153157],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153158,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153160,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153162,119],{"class":118},[50,153164,122],{"class":64},[50,153166,5382],{"class":125},[50,153168,129],{"class":64},[50,153170,35652],{"class":125},[50,153172,122],{"class":64},[50,153174,2157],{"class":101},[50,153176,143],{"class":64},[50,153178,153179],{"class":146},"        # 0\n",[50,153181,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,153183,119],{"class":118},[50,153185,122],{"class":64},[50,153187,5382],{"class":125},[50,153189,129],{"class":64},[50,153191,35652],{"class":125},[50,153193,122],{"class":64},[50,153195,2157],{"class":101},[50,153197,89],{"class":64},[50,153199,5521],{"class":101},[50,153201,143],{"class":64},[50,153203,50767],{"class":146},[50,153205,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,153207,119],{"class":118},[50,153209,122],{"class":64},[50,153211,5382],{"class":125},[50,153213,129],{"class":64},[50,153215,35652],{"class":125},[50,153217,122],{"class":64},[50,153219,2157],{"class":101},[50,153221,89],{"class":64},[50,153223,2473],{"class":101},[50,153225,89],{"class":64},[50,153227,4629],{"class":101},[50,153229,143],{"class":64},[50,153231,50750],{"class":146},[811,153233,153235],{"id":153234},"how-it-works","How it works",[233,153237,153238,153243,153248],{},[236,153239,153240,153242],{},[15,153241,35879],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[236,153244,153245,153247],{},[15,153246,52476],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[236,153249,228,153250,153252],{},[15,153251,52476],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153254,253],{},[41,153256,153258],{"className":43,"code":153257,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153259,153260,153288,153292],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153261,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153263,3848],{"class":56},[50,153265,61],{"class":60},[50,153267,9262],{"class":64},[50,153269,2157],{"class":101},[50,153271,89],{"class":64},[50,153273,1144],{"class":101},[50,153275,89],{"class":64},[50,153277,4629],{"class":101},[50,153279,89],{"class":64},[50,153281,7816],{"class":101},[50,153283,89],{"class":64},[50,153285,4629],{"class":101},[50,153287,414],{"class":64},[50,153289,153290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153291,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153293,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153295,119],{"class":118},[50,153297,122],{"class":64},[50,153299,5382],{"class":125},[50,153301,129],{"class":64},[50,153303,35652],{"class":125},[50,153305,122],{"class":64},[50,153307,2157],{"class":101},[50,153309,89],{"class":64},[50,153311,5521],{"class":101},[50,153313,89],{"class":64},[50,153315,2479],{"class":101},[50,153317,1770],{"class":64},[20,153319,2091],{},[41,153321,153322],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,153323,153324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153325,153326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153327,17055],{"class":101},[20,153329,153330,153331,32,153333,17069,153335,153337,153338,129],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153332,3011],{},[15,153334,2076],{},[15,153336,2082],{},", but not ",[15,153339,2527],{},[219,153341,153343],{"id":153342},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153345,153346,153347,78],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153348,149013],{},[233,153350,153351,153359,153364,153371],{},[236,153352,153353,153354,153356,153357],{},"Do not confuse the ",[997,153355,2495],{}," with the ",[997,153358,35652],{},[236,153360,153361,153362],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153363,1215],{},[236,153365,212,153366,153370],{},[380,153367,149039,153368,1845],{"href":149091},[15,153369,57107],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[236,153372,153373,153374,153376],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153375,152903],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153378,153379],{},"Example of value vs index:",[41,153381,153383],{"className":43,"code":153382,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153384,153385,153417,153421,153445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153386,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153388,36046],{"class":56},[50,153390,61],{"class":60},[50,153392,9262],{"class":64},[50,153394,69],{"class":68},[50,153396,4102],{"class":72},[50,153398,69],{"class":68},[50,153400,89],{"class":64},[50,153402,81],{"class":68},[50,153404,4111],{"class":72},[50,153406,69],{"class":68},[50,153408,89],{"class":64},[50,153410,81],{"class":68},[50,153412,33024],{"class":72},[50,153414,69],{"class":68},[50,153416,414],{"class":64},[50,153418,153419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153420,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153422,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153424,119],{"class":118},[50,153426,122],{"class":64},[50,153428,36098],{"class":125},[50,153430,129],{"class":64},[50,153432,35652],{"class":125},[50,153434,122],{"class":64},[50,153436,69],{"class":68},[50,153438,4111],{"class":72},[50,153440,69],{"class":68},[50,153442,143],{"class":64},[50,153444,27580],{"class":146},[50,153446,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,153448,119],{"class":118},[50,153450,122],{"class":64},[50,153452,36098],{"class":125},[50,153454,779],{"class":64},[50,153456,3011],{"class":101},[50,153458,872],{"class":64},[50,153460,153461],{"class":146},"               # banana\n",[20,153463,2199],{},[233,153465,153466,153470],{},[236,153467,153468,15250],{},[15,153469,65093],{},[236,153471,153472,153474],{},[15,153473,3011],{}," is the index",[219,153476,1663],{"id":1662},[20,153478,105937,153479,78],{},[15,153480,149013],{},[233,153482,153483,153486,153491,153496,153503],{},[236,153484,153485],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[236,153487,8480,153488,153490],{},[15,153489,58785],{}," to return all matching positions",[236,153492,153493,153494],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153495,1215],{},[236,153497,153498,153499,1846,153501],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153500,35879],{},[15,153502,52476],{},[236,153504,37012,153505,153507],{},[15,153506,149013],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[811,153509,60528],{"id":60527},[20,153511,94199],{},[41,153513,153515],{"className":43,"code":153514,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153516,153517,153527,153541,153556,153574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153518,153519,153521,153523,153525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153520,119],{"class":118},[50,153522,122],{"class":64},[50,153524,147826],{"class":125},[50,153526,414],{"class":64},[50,153528,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153530,119],{"class":118},[50,153532,122],{"class":64},[50,153534,11181],{"class":118},[50,153536,122],{"class":64},[50,153538,147826],{"class":125},[50,153540,1770],{"class":64},[50,153542,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551,153554],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153544,119],{"class":118},[50,153546,122],{"class":64},[50,153548,2468],{"class":125},[50,153550,1562],{"class":1622},[50,153552,153553],{"class":125}," my_tuple",[50,153555,414],{"class":64},[50,153557,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,153559,119],{"class":118},[50,153561,122],{"class":64},[50,153563,147826],{"class":125},[50,153565,129],{"class":64},[50,153567,41070],{"class":125},[50,153569,122],{"class":64},[50,153571,2495],{"class":125},[50,153573,1770],{"class":64},[50,153575,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,153577,119],{"class":118},[50,153579,122],{"class":64},[50,153581,147826],{"class":125},[50,153583,129],{"class":64},[50,153585,35652],{"class":125},[50,153587,122],{"class":64},[50,153589,2495],{"class":125},[50,153591,1770],{"class":64},[20,153593,153594,153595,84216,153597,153599],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153596,40514],{},[15,153598,2495],{}," is missing.",[20,153601,129443],{},[41,153603,153605],{"className":43,"code":153604,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153606,153607,153619,153637,153643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153608,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153610,7023],{"class":1622},[50,153612,21382],{"class":56},[50,153614,1562],{"class":60},[50,153616,153553],{"class":56},[50,153618,6417],{"class":64},[50,153620,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153622,8094],{"class":118},[50,153624,122],{"class":64},[50,153626,147826],{"class":125},[50,153628,129],{"class":64},[50,153630,35652],{"class":125},[50,153632,122],{"class":64},[50,153634,2495],{"class":125},[50,153636,1770],{"class":64},[50,153638,153639,153641],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153640,27234],{"class":1622},[50,153642,6417],{"class":64},[50,153644,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,153646,8094],{"class":118},[50,153648,122],{"class":64},[50,153650,69],{"class":68},[50,153652,153078],{"class":72},[50,153654,69],{"class":68},[50,153656,414],{"class":64},[219,153658,1857],{"id":1856},[811,153660,5164,153662,12726],{"id":153661},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153663,149013],{},[20,153665,153666],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[811,153668,153670],{"id":153669},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153672,153673,152540],{},[15,153674,149013],{},[811,153676,148992],{"id":148991},[20,153678,76677,153679,129],{},[15,153680,40514],{},[811,153682,153684],{"id":153683},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153686,153687,153688,1846,153690,153692],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153689,35879],{},[15,153691,52476],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[811,153694,14907,153696,57022,153698,1867],{"id":153695},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153697,149013],{},[15,153699,64684],{},[20,153701,153702],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[219,153704,1909],{"id":1908},[233,153706,153707,153713,153717,153722,153726],{},[236,153708,153709],{},[380,153710,149039,153711,1845],{"href":149091},[15,153712,57107],{},[236,153714,153715],{},[380,153716,149481],{"href":152907},[236,153718,153719],{},[380,153720,153721],{"href":150787},"Creating a tuple in Python",[236,153723,153724],{},[380,153725,65658],{"href":65657},[236,153727,153728],{},[380,153729,150735],{"href":152545},[1944,153731,153732],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":153734},[153735,153736,153738,153741,153742,153743,153744,153747,153748,153751,153760],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":152452,"depth":108,"text":153737},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387,"children":153739},[153740],{"id":17386,"depth":115,"text":17387},{"id":103198,"depth":108,"text":103199},{"id":152882,"depth":108,"text":152883},{"id":65448,"depth":108,"text":65449},{"id":65225,"depth":108,"text":66008,"children":153745},[153746],{"id":153234,"depth":115,"text":153235},{"id":153342,"depth":108,"text":153343},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663,"children":153749},[153750],{"id":60527,"depth":115,"text":60528},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":153752},[153753,153755,153756,153757,153758],{"id":153661,"depth":115,"text":153754},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153669,"depth":115,"text":153670},{"id":148991,"depth":115,"text":148992},{"id":153683,"depth":115,"text":153684},{"id":153695,"depth":115,"text":153759},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152347,"description":153761},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153768,"title":153769,"body":153770,"description":155165,"extension":1981,"meta":155166,"navigation":111,"path":152907,"seo":155167,"stem":155168,"__hash__":155169},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153771,"toc":155147},[153772,153775,153778,153781,153795,153797,153800,153894,153904,153910,153914,153917,153920,153922,153940,153942,154013,154015,154032,154036,154040,154043,154060,154063,154078,154080,154171,154174,154178,154181,154198,154200,154295,154298,154301,154305,154308,154402,154404,154423,154426,154430,154433,154435,154490,154492,154527,154530,154544,154552,154645,154654,154658,154661,154668,154671,154718,154720,154728,154731,154782,154784,154801,154806,154810,154813,154816,154818,154869,154872,154927,154930,154933,154935,154938,154958,154960,155033,155036,155049,155051,155055,155060,155064,155069,155086,155090,155093,155110,155114,155117,155119,155144],[10,153773,153769],{"id":153774},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153776,153777],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153779,153780],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[233,153782,153783,153786,153789,153792],{},[236,153784,153785],{},"positive indexes",[236,153787,153788],{},"negative indexes",[236,153790,153791],{},"common indexing mistakes",[236,153793,153794],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[219,153796,3637],{"id":3636},[20,153798,153799],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[41,153801,153803],{"className":43,"code":153802,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153804,153805,153837,153841,153858,153875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833,153835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153808,13084],{"class":56},[50,153810,61],{"class":60},[50,153812,9262],{"class":64},[50,153814,69],{"class":68},[50,153816,13101],{"class":72},[50,153818,69],{"class":68},[50,153820,89],{"class":64},[50,153822,81],{"class":68},[50,153824,17448],{"class":72},[50,153826,69],{"class":68},[50,153828,89],{"class":64},[50,153830,81],{"class":68},[50,153832,13118],{"class":72},[50,153834,69],{"class":68},[50,153836,414],{"class":64},[50,153838,153839],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153840,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153842,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153844,119],{"class":118},[50,153846,122],{"class":64},[50,153848,17495],{"class":125},[50,153850,779],{"class":64},[50,153852,1215],{"class":101},[50,153854,872],{"class":64},[50,153856,153857],{"class":146},"   # red\n",[50,153859,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,153861,119],{"class":118},[50,153863,122],{"class":64},[50,153865,17495],{"class":125},[50,153867,779],{"class":64},[50,153869,3011],{"class":101},[50,153871,872],{"class":64},[50,153873,153874],{"class":146},"   # green\n",[50,153876,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,153878,119],{"class":118},[50,153880,122],{"class":64},[50,153882,17495],{"class":125},[50,153884,779],{"class":64},[50,153886,2041],{"class":60},[50,153888,3011],{"class":101},[50,153890,872],{"class":64},[50,153892,153893],{"class":146},"  # blue\n",[233,153895,153896,153901],{},[236,153897,132232,153898,153900],{},[15,153899,1215],{}," is the first item.",[236,153902,153903],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153905,153906,153907,129],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[380,153908,153909],{"href":147811},"how to create a tuple in Python",[219,153911,153913],{"id":153912},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153915,153916],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153918,153919],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153921,11473],{},[233,153923,153924,153927,153934,153937],{},[236,153925,153926],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[236,153928,153929,153930,18953,153932],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153931,1215],{},[15,153933,3011],{},[236,153935,153936],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[236,153938,153939],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153941,253],{},[41,153943,153945],{"className":43,"code":153944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153946,153947,153967,153971,153985,153999],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153948,153949,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153950,3647],{"class":56},[50,153952,61],{"class":60},[50,153954,9262],{"class":64},[50,153956,2352],{"class":101},[50,153958,89],{"class":64},[50,153960,7816],{"class":101},[50,153962,89],{"class":64},[50,153964,7821],{"class":101},[50,153966,414],{"class":64},[50,153968,153969],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153970,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153972,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153974,119],{"class":118},[50,153976,122],{"class":64},[50,153978,3678],{"class":125},[50,153980,779],{"class":64},[50,153982,1215],{"class":101},[50,153984,3911],{"class":64},[50,153986,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,153988,119],{"class":118},[50,153990,122],{"class":64},[50,153992,3678],{"class":125},[50,153994,779],{"class":64},[50,153996,3011],{"class":101},[50,153998,3911],{"class":64},[50,154000,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,154002,119],{"class":118},[50,154004,122],{"class":64},[50,154006,3678],{"class":125},[50,154008,779],{"class":64},[50,154010,2076],{"class":101},[50,154012,3911],{"class":64},[20,154014,2091],{},[41,154016,154018],{"className":43,"code":154017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154019,154020,154024,154028],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154021,154022],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154023,2398],{"class":101},[50,154025,154026],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154027,71043],{"class":101},[50,154029,154030],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154031,69659],{"class":101},[20,154033,59210,154034,129],{},[380,154035,147808],{"href":147807},[219,154037,154039],{"id":154038},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154041,154042],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[233,154044,154045,154050,154055],{},[236,154046,154047,154049],{},[15,154048,1215],{}," = first item",[236,154051,154052,154054],{},[15,154053,3011],{}," = second item",[236,154056,154057,154059],{},[15,154058,2076],{}," = third item",[20,154061,154062],{},"Pattern:",[41,154064,154066],{"className":43,"code":154065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154067,154068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154069,154070,154072,154074,154076],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154071,152563],{"class":56},[50,154073,779],{"class":64},[50,154075,35652],{"class":56},[50,154077,788],{"class":64},[20,154079,253],{},[41,154081,154083],{"className":43,"code":154082,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154084,154085,154117,154121,154138,154154],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154086,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154088,36046],{"class":56},[50,154090,61],{"class":60},[50,154092,9262],{"class":64},[50,154094,69],{"class":68},[50,154096,4102],{"class":72},[50,154098,69],{"class":68},[50,154100,89],{"class":64},[50,154102,81],{"class":68},[50,154104,4111],{"class":72},[50,154106,69],{"class":68},[50,154108,89],{"class":64},[50,154110,81],{"class":68},[50,154112,4120],{"class":72},[50,154114,69],{"class":68},[50,154116,414],{"class":64},[50,154118,154119],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154120,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154122,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154124,119],{"class":118},[50,154126,122],{"class":64},[50,154128,36098],{"class":125},[50,154130,779],{"class":64},[50,154132,1215],{"class":101},[50,154134,872],{"class":64},[50,154136,154137],{"class":146},"  # apple\n",[50,154139,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,154141,119],{"class":118},[50,154143,122],{"class":64},[50,154145,36098],{"class":125},[50,154147,779],{"class":64},[50,154149,3011],{"class":101},[50,154151,872],{"class":64},[50,154153,51301],{"class":146},[50,154155,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166,154168],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,154157,119],{"class":118},[50,154159,122],{"class":64},[50,154161,36098],{"class":125},[50,154163,779],{"class":64},[50,154165,2076],{"class":101},[50,154167,872],{"class":64},[50,154169,154170],{"class":146},"  # cherry\n",[20,154172,154173],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[219,154175,154177],{"id":154176},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154179,154180],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[233,154182,154183,154188,154193],{},[236,154184,154185,154187],{},[15,154186,65673],{}," = last item",[236,154189,154190,154192],{},[15,154191,95229],{}," = second-to-last item",[236,154194,154195,154197],{},[15,154196,47484],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154199,253],{},[41,154201,154203],{"className":43,"code":154202,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154204,154205,154237,154241,154259,154277],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154206,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154208,36046],{"class":56},[50,154210,61],{"class":60},[50,154212,9262],{"class":64},[50,154214,69],{"class":68},[50,154216,4102],{"class":72},[50,154218,69],{"class":68},[50,154220,89],{"class":64},[50,154222,81],{"class":68},[50,154224,4111],{"class":72},[50,154226,69],{"class":68},[50,154228,89],{"class":64},[50,154230,81],{"class":68},[50,154232,4120],{"class":72},[50,154234,69],{"class":68},[50,154236,414],{"class":64},[50,154238,154239],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154240,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154242,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154244,119],{"class":118},[50,154246,122],{"class":64},[50,154248,36098],{"class":125},[50,154250,779],{"class":64},[50,154252,2041],{"class":60},[50,154254,3011],{"class":101},[50,154256,872],{"class":64},[50,154258,154170],{"class":146},[50,154260,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,154262,119],{"class":118},[50,154264,122],{"class":64},[50,154266,36098],{"class":125},[50,154268,779],{"class":64},[50,154270,2041],{"class":60},[50,154272,2076],{"class":101},[50,154274,872],{"class":64},[50,154276,51301],{"class":146},[50,154278,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,154280,119],{"class":118},[50,154282,122],{"class":64},[50,154284,36098],{"class":125},[50,154286,779],{"class":64},[50,154288,2041],{"class":60},[50,154290,2082],{"class":101},[50,154292,872],{"class":64},[50,154294,154137],{"class":146},[20,154296,154297],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154299,154300],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[219,154302,154304],{"id":154303},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154306,154307],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[41,154309,154311],{"className":43,"code":154310,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154312,154313,154345,154349,154366,154383],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154314,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154316,5018],{"class":56},[50,154318,61],{"class":60},[50,154320,9262],{"class":64},[50,154322,69],{"class":68},[50,154324,84],{"class":72},[50,154326,69],{"class":68},[50,154328,89],{"class":64},[50,154330,81],{"class":68},[50,154332,35747],{"class":72},[50,154334,69],{"class":68},[50,154336,89],{"class":64},[50,154338,81],{"class":68},[50,154340,35756],{"class":72},[50,154342,69],{"class":68},[50,154344,414],{"class":64},[50,154346,154347],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154348,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154350,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154352,119],{"class":118},[50,154354,122],{"class":64},[50,154356,5062],{"class":125},[50,154358,779],{"class":64},[50,154360,1215],{"class":101},[50,154362,872],{"class":64},[50,154364,154365],{"class":146},"   # first item\n",[50,154367,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,154369,119],{"class":118},[50,154371,122],{"class":64},[50,154373,5062],{"class":125},[50,154375,779],{"class":64},[50,154377,3011],{"class":101},[50,154379,872],{"class":64},[50,154381,154382],{"class":146},"   # middle item\n",[50,154384,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,154386,119],{"class":118},[50,154388,122],{"class":64},[50,154390,5062],{"class":125},[50,154392,779],{"class":64},[50,154394,2041],{"class":60},[50,154396,3011],{"class":101},[50,154398,872],{"class":64},[50,154400,154401],{"class":146},"  # last item\n",[20,154403,2091],{},[41,154405,154407],{"className":43,"code":154406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154408,154409,154413,154418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154410,154411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154412,49854],{"class":56},[50,154414,154415],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154416,154417],{"class":56},"Ben\n",[50,154419,154420],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154421,154422],{"class":56},"Cara\n",[20,154424,154425],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[219,154427,154429],{"id":154428},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154431,154432],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154434,253],{},[41,154436,154438],{"className":43,"code":154437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154439,154440,154472,154476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154441,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154443,35897],{"class":56},[50,154445,61],{"class":60},[50,154447,9262],{"class":64},[50,154449,69],{"class":68},[50,154451,380],{"class":72},[50,154453,69],{"class":68},[50,154455,89],{"class":64},[50,154457,81],{"class":68},[50,154459,4784],{"class":72},[50,154461,69],{"class":68},[50,154463,89],{"class":64},[50,154465,81],{"class":68},[50,154467,9763],{"class":72},[50,154469,69],{"class":68},[50,154471,414],{"class":64},[50,154473,154474],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154475,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154477,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154479,119],{"class":118},[50,154481,122],{"class":64},[50,154483,35950],{"class":125},[50,154485,779],{"class":64},[50,154487,2157],{"class":101},[50,154489,3911],{"class":64},[20,154491,2091],{},[41,154493,154495],{"className":43,"code":154494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154496,154497,154509,154514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154498,154499,154502,154504,154507],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154500,154501],{"class":125},"Traceback ",[50,154503,122],{"class":64},[50,154505,154506],{"class":125},"most recent call last",[50,154508,8368],{"class":64},[50,154510,154511],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154512,154513],{"class":34257},"  ...\n",[50,154515,154516,154518,154520,154522,154525],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154517,70550],{"class":1779},[50,154519,78],{"class":64},[50,154521,149174],{"class":1779},[50,154523,154524],{"class":56}," index out of ",[50,154526,70742],{"class":118},[20,154528,154529],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[233,154531,154532,154536,154540],{},[236,154533,154534],{},[15,154535,1215],{},[236,154537,154538],{},[15,154539,3011],{},[236,154541,154542],{},[15,154543,2076],{},[20,154545,154546,154547,129],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[380,154548,154549,154551],{"href":149046},[15,154550,42172],{}," on a tuple",[41,154553,154555],{"className":43,"code":154554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154556,154557,154589,154593,154609,154613,154631],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154558,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154560,35897],{"class":56},[50,154562,61],{"class":60},[50,154564,9262],{"class":64},[50,154566,69],{"class":68},[50,154568,380],{"class":72},[50,154570,69],{"class":68},[50,154572,89],{"class":64},[50,154574,81],{"class":68},[50,154576,4784],{"class":72},[50,154578,69],{"class":68},[50,154580,89],{"class":64},[50,154582,81],{"class":68},[50,154584,9763],{"class":72},[50,154586,69],{"class":68},[50,154588,414],{"class":64},[50,154590,154591],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154592,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154594,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154596,119],{"class":118},[50,154598,122],{"class":64},[50,154600,11181],{"class":118},[50,154602,122],{"class":64},[50,154604,35950],{"class":125},[50,154606,143],{"class":64},[50,154608,50585],{"class":146},[50,154610,154611],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,154612,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154614,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,154616,7023],{"class":1622},[50,154618,38195],{"class":118},[50,154620,122],{"class":64},[50,154622,35950],{"class":125},[50,154624,1206],{"class":64},[50,154626,38205],{"class":60},[50,154628,3016],{"class":101},[50,154630,6417],{"class":64},[50,154632,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,154634,8094],{"class":118},[50,154636,122],{"class":64},[50,154638,35950],{"class":125},[50,154640,779],{"class":64},[50,154642,2076],{"class":101},[50,154644,3911],{"class":64},[20,154646,154647,154648,129],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[380,154649,25479,154651],{"href":154650},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154652,154653],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[219,154655,154657],{"id":154656},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154659,154660],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[233,154662,154663,154665],{},[236,154664,76694],{},[236,154666,154667],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154669,154670],{},"Indexing example:",[41,154672,154674],{"className":43,"code":154673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154675,154676,154700,154704],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154677,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154679,3647],{"class":56},[50,154681,61],{"class":60},[50,154683,9262],{"class":64},[50,154685,2352],{"class":101},[50,154687,89],{"class":64},[50,154689,7816],{"class":101},[50,154691,89],{"class":64},[50,154693,7821],{"class":101},[50,154695,89],{"class":64},[50,154697,50658],{"class":101},[50,154699,414],{"class":64},[50,154701,154702],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154703,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154705,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154707,119],{"class":118},[50,154709,122],{"class":64},[50,154711,3678],{"class":125},[50,154713,779],{"class":64},[50,154715,3011],{"class":101},[50,154717,3911],{"class":64},[20,154719,2091],{},[41,154721,154722],{"className":43,"code":71043,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,154723,154724],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154725,154726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154727,71043],{"class":101},[20,154729,154730],{},"Slicing example:",[41,154732,154734],{"className":43,"code":154733,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154735,154736,154760,154764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154737,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154739,3647],{"class":56},[50,154741,61],{"class":60},[50,154743,9262],{"class":64},[50,154745,2352],{"class":101},[50,154747,89],{"class":64},[50,154749,7816],{"class":101},[50,154751,89],{"class":64},[50,154753,7821],{"class":101},[50,154755,89],{"class":64},[50,154757,50658],{"class":101},[50,154759,414],{"class":64},[50,154761,154762],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154763,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154765,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154767,119],{"class":118},[50,154769,122],{"class":64},[50,154771,3678],{"class":125},[50,154773,779],{"class":64},[50,154775,3011],{"class":101},[50,154777,78],{"class":64},[50,154779,2082],{"class":101},[50,154781,3911],{"class":64},[20,154783,2091],{},[41,154785,154787],{"className":43,"code":154786,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154788,154789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154790,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154792,122],{"class":64},[50,154794,15755],{"class":101},[50,154796,89],{"class":64},[50,154798,7821],{"class":101},[50,154800,414],{"class":64},[20,154802,154803,154804,129],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[380,154805,150725],{"href":150724},[219,154807,154809],{"id":154808},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154811,154812],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154814,154815],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154817,6713],{},[41,154819,154821],{"className":43,"code":154820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154822,154823,154855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154824,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154826,13084],{"class":56},[50,154828,61],{"class":60},[50,154830,9262],{"class":64},[50,154832,69],{"class":68},[50,154834,13101],{"class":72},[50,154836,69],{"class":68},[50,154838,89],{"class":64},[50,154840,81],{"class":68},[50,154842,17448],{"class":72},[50,154844,69],{"class":68},[50,154846,89],{"class":64},[50,154848,81],{"class":68},[50,154850,13118],{"class":72},[50,154852,69],{"class":68},[50,154854,414],{"class":64},[50,154856,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154858,119],{"class":118},[50,154860,122],{"class":64},[50,154862,17495],{"class":125},[50,154864,779],{"class":64},[50,154866,3011],{"class":101},[50,154868,3911],{"class":64},[20,154870,154871],{},"But this does not work:",[41,154873,154875],{"className":43,"code":154874,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154876,154877,154909],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154878,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154880,13084],{"class":56},[50,154882,61],{"class":60},[50,154884,9262],{"class":64},[50,154886,69],{"class":68},[50,154888,13101],{"class":72},[50,154890,69],{"class":68},[50,154892,89],{"class":64},[50,154894,81],{"class":68},[50,154896,17448],{"class":72},[50,154898,69],{"class":68},[50,154900,89],{"class":64},[50,154902,81],{"class":68},[50,154904,13118],{"class":72},[50,154906,69],{"class":68},[50,154908,414],{"class":64},[50,154910,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154912,17495],{"class":56},[50,154914,779],{"class":64},[50,154916,3011],{"class":101},[50,154918,13281],{"class":64},[50,154920,13284],{"class":60},[50,154922,81],{"class":68},[50,154924,22322],{"class":72},[50,154926,3384],{"class":68},[20,154928,154929],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154931,154932],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[219,154934,1663],{"id":1662},[20,154936,154937],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[233,154939,154940,154946,154949,154952],{},[236,154941,132536,154942,11111,154944],{},[15,154943,3011],{},[15,154945,1215],{},[236,154947,154948],{},"Using an index that is too large",[236,154950,154951],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[236,154953,154954,154955],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154956,154957],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154959,62113],{},[41,154961,154963],{"className":43,"code":154962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154964,154965,154975,154989,155003,155019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154966,154967,154969,154971,154973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154968,119],{"class":118},[50,154970,122],{"class":64},[50,154972,147826],{"class":125},[50,154974,414],{"class":64},[50,154976,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154978,119],{"class":118},[50,154980,122],{"class":64},[50,154982,11181],{"class":118},[50,154984,122],{"class":64},[50,154986,147826],{"class":125},[50,154988,1770],{"class":64},[50,154990,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154992,119],{"class":118},[50,154994,122],{"class":64},[50,154996,147826],{"class":125},[50,154998,779],{"class":64},[50,155000,1215],{"class":101},[50,155002,3911],{"class":64},[50,155004,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,155006,119],{"class":118},[50,155008,122],{"class":64},[50,155010,147826],{"class":125},[50,155012,779],{"class":64},[50,155014,2041],{"class":60},[50,155016,3011],{"class":101},[50,155018,3911],{"class":64},[50,155020,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,155022,119],{"class":118},[50,155024,122],{"class":64},[50,155026,1780],{"class":1779},[50,155028,122],{"class":64},[50,155030,147826],{"class":125},[50,155032,1770],{"class":64},[20,155034,155035],{},"These can help you confirm:",[233,155037,155038,155041,155043,155046],{},[236,155039,155040],{},"what the tuple contains",[236,155042,60602],{},[236,155044,155045],{},"what the first and last items are",[236,155047,155048],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[219,155050,1857],{"id":1856},[811,155052,155054],{"id":155053},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155056,155057,155058,129],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155059,1215],{},[811,155061,155063],{"id":155062},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155065,212,155066,155068],{},[15,155067,65673],{}," as the index:",[41,155070,155072],{"className":43,"code":155071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155073,155074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155075,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155077,147826],{"class":56},[50,155079,779],{"class":64},[50,155081,2041],{"class":60},[50,155083,3011],{"class":101},[50,155085,788],{"class":64},[811,155087,155089],{"id":155088},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155091,155092],{},"Python raises:",[41,155094,155096],{"className":43,"code":155095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155097,155098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155099,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155101,70550],{"class":1779},[50,155103,78],{"class":64},[50,155105,149174],{"class":1779},[50,155107,154524],{"class":56},[50,155109,70742],{"class":118},[811,155111,155113],{"id":155112},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155115,155116],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[219,155118,1909],{"id":1908},[233,155120,155121,155126,155130,155134,155140],{},[236,155122,155123],{},[380,155124,155125],{"href":147811},"How to create a tuple in Python",[236,155127,155128],{},[380,155129,150725],{"href":150724},[236,155131,155132],{},[380,155133,150730],{"href":149046},[236,155135,155136],{},[380,155137,25922,155138],{"href":154650},[15,155139,154653],{},[236,155141,155142],{},[380,155143,147808],{"href":147807},[1944,155145,155146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":155148},[155149,155150,155151,155152,155153,155154,155155,155156,155157,155158,155164],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":153912,"depth":108,"text":153913},{"id":154038,"depth":108,"text":154039},{"id":154176,"depth":108,"text":154177},{"id":154303,"depth":108,"text":154304},{"id":154428,"depth":108,"text":154429},{"id":154656,"depth":108,"text":154657},{"id":154808,"depth":108,"text":154809},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":155159},[155160,155161,155162,155163],{"id":155053,"depth":115,"text":155054},{"id":155062,"depth":115,"text":155063},{"id":155088,"depth":115,"text":155089},{"id":155112,"depth":115,"text":155113},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153769,"description":155165},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155171,"title":155172,"body":155173,"description":157062,"extension":1981,"meta":157063,"navigation":111,"path":157064,"seo":157065,"stem":157066,"__hash__":157067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155174,"toc":157019},[155175,155181,155186,155237,155241,155249,155255,155257,155273,155275,155278,155293,155295,155308,155310,155367,155371,155379,155386,155392,155398,155402,155453,155457,155465,155469,155498,155502,155510,155514,155547,155551,155559,155563,155566,155617,155621,155629,155631,155648,155652,155656,155715,155719,155727,155730,155757,155761,155769,155773,155779,155854,155858,155895,155903,155907,155970,155974,155982,155987,155991,155997,156040,156044,156052,156058,156061,156108,156112,156120,156129,156135,156190,156194,156202,156205,156209,156211,156242,156246,156265,156268,156313,156317,156340,156346,156351,156353,156400,156405,156408,156456,156460,156468,156472,156477,156481,156531,156535,156550,156554,156612,156616,156631,156635,156706,156710,156719,156723,156802,156806,156828,156836,156838,156841,156866,156868,156921,156923,156940,156942,156946,156952,156957,156962,156966,156971,156975,156980,156986,156989,156991,157016],[10,155176,155178,155179,1206],{"id":155177},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155180,11181],{},[20,155182,212,155183,155185],{},[15,155184,42172],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[41,155187,155189],{"className":43,"code":155188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155190,155191,155223],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155192,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155194,13084],{"class":56},[50,155196,61],{"class":60},[50,155198,9262],{"class":64},[50,155200,69],{"class":68},[50,155202,13101],{"class":72},[50,155204,69],{"class":68},[50,155206,89],{"class":64},[50,155208,81],{"class":68},[50,155210,17448],{"class":72},[50,155212,69],{"class":68},[50,155214,89],{"class":64},[50,155216,81],{"class":68},[50,155218,13118],{"class":72},[50,155220,69],{"class":68},[50,155222,414],{"class":64},[50,155224,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155226,119],{"class":118},[50,155228,122],{"class":64},[50,155230,11181],{"class":118},[50,155232,122],{"class":64},[50,155234,17495],{"class":125},[50,155236,1770],{"class":64},[20,155238,155239],{},[997,155240,2091],{},[41,155242,155243],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155244,155245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155246,155247],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155248,46430],{"class":101},[20,155250,212,155251,155254],{},[15,155252,155253],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[219,155256,15167],{"id":15166},[233,155258,155259,155264,155268,155271],{},[236,155260,4222,155261,155263],{},[15,155262,42172],{}," works with tuples",[236,155265,68077,155266,11719],{},[15,155267,42172],{},[236,155269,155270],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[236,155272,4543],{},[219,155274,387],{"id":386},[20,155276,155277],{},"Use this pattern:",[41,155279,155281],{"className":43,"code":155280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155282,155283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155284,155285,155287,155289,155291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155286,11181],{"class":118},[50,155288,122],{"class":64},[50,155290,147826],{"class":125},[50,155292,414],{"class":64},[20,155294,11473],{},[233,155296,155297,155300,155303],{},[236,155298,155299],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[236,155301,155302],{},"The result is an integer",[236,155304,155305,155307],{},[15,155306,42172],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155309,253],{},[41,155311,155313],{"className":43,"code":155312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155314,155315,155339,155353,155357],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155316,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335,155337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155318,3647],{"class":56},[50,155320,61],{"class":60},[50,155322,9262],{"class":64},[50,155324,2352],{"class":101},[50,155326,89],{"class":64},[50,155328,7816],{"class":101},[50,155330,89],{"class":64},[50,155332,7821],{"class":101},[50,155334,89],{"class":64},[50,155336,50658],{"class":101},[50,155338,414],{"class":64},[50,155340,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155342,41052],{"class":56},[50,155344,61],{"class":60},[50,155346,38195],{"class":118},[50,155348,122],{"class":64},[50,155350,3678],{"class":125},[50,155352,414],{"class":64},[50,155354,155355],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,155356,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,155358,155359,155361,155363,155365],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,155360,119],{"class":118},[50,155362,122],{"class":64},[50,155364,41070],{"class":125},[50,155366,414],{"class":64},[20,155368,155369],{},[997,155370,2091],{},[41,155372,155373],{"className":43,"code":48464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155374,155375],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155376,155377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155378,48464],{"class":101},[20,155380,155381,155382,129],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[380,155383,3603,155384,3536],{"href":42169},[15,155385,42172],{},[219,155387,222,155389,155391],{"id":155388},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155390,42172],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155393,155394,155395,155397],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155396,42172],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[811,155399,155401],{"id":155400},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[41,155403,155405],{"className":43,"code":155404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155406,155407,155439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155408,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155410,36046],{"class":56},[50,155412,61],{"class":60},[50,155414,9262],{"class":64},[50,155416,69],{"class":68},[50,155418,4102],{"class":72},[50,155420,69],{"class":68},[50,155422,89],{"class":64},[50,155424,81],{"class":68},[50,155426,4111],{"class":72},[50,155428,69],{"class":68},[50,155430,89],{"class":64},[50,155432,81],{"class":68},[50,155434,33024],{"class":72},[50,155436,69],{"class":68},[50,155438,414],{"class":64},[50,155440,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155442,119],{"class":118},[50,155444,122],{"class":64},[50,155446,11181],{"class":118},[50,155448,122],{"class":64},[50,155450,36098],{"class":125},[50,155452,1770],{"class":64},[20,155454,155455],{},[997,155456,2091],{},[41,155458,155459],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155460,155461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155462,155463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155464,46430],{"class":101},[811,155466,155468],{"id":155467},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[41,155470,155472],{"className":43,"code":155471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155473,155474,155483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155475,155476,155479,155481],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155477,155478],{"class":56},"empty_tuple ",[50,155480,61],{"class":60},[50,155482,149150],{"class":64},[50,155484,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155496],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155486,119],{"class":118},[50,155488,122],{"class":64},[50,155490,11181],{"class":118},[50,155492,122],{"class":64},[50,155494,155495],{"class":125},"empty_tuple",[50,155497,1770],{"class":64},[20,155499,155500],{},[997,155501,2091],{},[41,155503,155504],{"className":43,"code":47065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155505,155506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155507,155508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155509,47065],{"class":101},[811,155511,155513],{"id":155512},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[41,155515,155517],{"className":43,"code":155516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155518,155519,155532],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155520,155521,155524,155526,155528,155530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155522,155523],{"class":56},"single_value ",[50,155525,61],{"class":60},[50,155527,9262],{"class":64},[50,155529,2157],{"class":101},[50,155531,149164],{"class":64},[50,155533,155534,155536,155538,155540,155542,155545],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155535,119],{"class":118},[50,155537,122],{"class":64},[50,155539,11181],{"class":118},[50,155541,122],{"class":64},[50,155543,155544],{"class":125},"single_value",[50,155546,1770],{"class":64},[20,155548,155549],{},[997,155550,2091],{},[41,155552,155553],{"className":43,"code":46730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155554,155555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155556,155557],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155558,46730],{"class":101},[811,155560,155562],{"id":155561},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155564,155565],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[41,155567,155569],{"className":43,"code":155568,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155570,155571,155603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155572,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155574,829],{"class":56},[50,155576,61],{"class":60},[50,155578,9262],{"class":64},[50,155580,3011],{"class":101},[50,155582,89],{"class":64},[50,155584,9262],{"class":64},[50,155586,2076],{"class":101},[50,155588,89],{"class":64},[50,155590,2473],{"class":101},[50,155592,9259],{"class":64},[50,155594,3652],{"class":64},[50,155596,2527],{"class":101},[50,155598,89],{"class":64},[50,155600,4629],{"class":101},[50,155602,3911],{"class":64},[50,155604,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155606,119],{"class":118},[50,155608,122],{"class":64},[50,155610,11181],{"class":118},[50,155612,122],{"class":64},[50,155614,776],{"class":125},[50,155616,1770],{"class":64},[20,155618,155619],{},[997,155620,2091],{},[41,155622,155623],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155624,155625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155626,155627],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155628,46430],{"class":101},[20,155630,357],{},[233,155632,155633,155638,155643],{},[236,155634,155635,155637],{},[15,155636,3011],{}," is one item",[236,155639,155640,155637],{},[15,155641,155642],{},"(2, 3)",[236,155644,155645,155637],{},[15,155646,155647],{},"[4, 5]",[219,155649,155651],{"id":155650},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[811,155653,155655],{"id":155654},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[41,155657,155659],{"className":43,"code":155658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155660,155661,155701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155662,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155664,13084],{"class":56},[50,155666,61],{"class":60},[50,155668,9262],{"class":64},[50,155670,69],{"class":68},[50,155672,13101],{"class":72},[50,155674,69],{"class":68},[50,155676,89],{"class":64},[50,155678,81],{"class":68},[50,155680,17448],{"class":72},[50,155682,69],{"class":68},[50,155684,89],{"class":64},[50,155686,81],{"class":68},[50,155688,13118],{"class":72},[50,155690,69],{"class":68},[50,155692,89],{"class":64},[50,155694,81],{"class":68},[50,155696,22322],{"class":72},[50,155698,69],{"class":68},[50,155700,414],{"class":64},[50,155702,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155704,119],{"class":118},[50,155706,122],{"class":64},[50,155708,11181],{"class":118},[50,155710,122],{"class":64},[50,155712,17495],{"class":125},[50,155714,1770],{"class":64},[20,155716,155717],{},[997,155718,2091],{},[41,155720,155721],{"className":43,"code":48464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155722,155723],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155724,155725],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155726,48464],{"class":101},[811,155728,155468],{"id":155729},"empty-tuple-1",[41,155731,155733],{"className":43,"code":155732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155734,155735,155743],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155736,155737,155739,155741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155738,7805],{"class":56},[50,155740,61],{"class":60},[50,155742,149150],{"class":64},[50,155744,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155746,119],{"class":118},[50,155748,122],{"class":64},[50,155750,11181],{"class":118},[50,155752,122],{"class":64},[50,155754,7836],{"class":125},[50,155756,1770],{"class":64},[20,155758,155759],{},[997,155760,2091],{},[41,155762,155763],{"className":43,"code":47065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155764,155765],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155766,155767],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155768,47065],{"class":101},[811,155770,155772],{"id":155771},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155774,155775,155776,155778],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[997,155777,1262],{}," always a tuple.",[41,155780,155782],{"className":43,"code":155781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155783,155784,155796,155808,155812,155826,155840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155785,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155787,2577],{"class":56},[50,155789,61],{"class":60},[50,155791,9262],{"class":64},[50,155793,2157],{"class":101},[50,155795,414],{"class":64},[50,155797,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155799,2605],{"class":56},[50,155801,61],{"class":60},[50,155803,9262],{"class":64},[50,155805,2157],{"class":101},[50,155807,149164],{"class":64},[50,155809,155810],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,155811,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,155813,155814,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,155815,119],{"class":118},[50,155817,122],{"class":64},[50,155819,1780],{"class":1779},[50,155821,122],{"class":64},[50,155823,380],{"class":125},[50,155825,1770],{"class":64},[50,155827,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,155829,119],{"class":118},[50,155831,122],{"class":64},[50,155833,1780],{"class":1779},[50,155835,122],{"class":64},[50,155837,4784],{"class":125},[50,155839,1770],{"class":64},[50,155841,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,155843,119],{"class":118},[50,155845,122],{"class":64},[50,155847,11181],{"class":118},[50,155849,122],{"class":64},[50,155851,4784],{"class":125},[50,155853,1770],{"class":64},[20,155855,155856],{},[997,155857,2091],{},[41,155859,155861],{"className":43,"code":155860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155862,155863,155877,155891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155864,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155866,3315],{"class":60},[50,155868,3318],{"class":2085},[50,155870,3321],{"class":68},[50,155872,2209],{"class":72},[50,155874,1736],{"class":68},[50,155876,3328],{"class":60},[50,155878,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155880,3315],{"class":60},[50,155882,3318],{"class":2085},[50,155884,3321],{"class":68},[50,155886,48767],{"class":72},[50,155888,1736],{"class":68},[50,155890,3328],{"class":60},[50,155892,155893],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,155894,46730],{"class":101},[20,155896,155897,155898,1846,155901,129],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[380,155899,155900],{"href":147811},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[380,155902,149112],{"href":149111},[811,155904,155906],{"id":155905},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[41,155908,155910],{"className":43,"code":155909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155911,155912,155956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155913,155914,155916,155918,155920,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155915,59290],{"class":56},[50,155917,61],{"class":60},[50,155919,9262],{"class":64},[50,155921,69],{"class":68},[50,155923,4102],{"class":72},[50,155925,69],{"class":68},[50,155927,89],{"class":64},[50,155929,3652],{"class":64},[50,155931,3011],{"class":101},[50,155933,89],{"class":64},[50,155935,3016],{"class":101},[50,155937,18055],{"class":64},[50,155939,9262],{"class":64},[50,155941,69],{"class":68},[50,155943,2194],{"class":72},[50,155945,69],{"class":68},[50,155947,89],{"class":64},[50,155949,81],{"class":68},[50,155951,11759],{"class":72},[50,155953,69],{"class":68},[50,155955,1770],{"class":64},[50,155957,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155959,119],{"class":118},[50,155961,122],{"class":64},[50,155963,11181],{"class":118},[50,155965,122],{"class":64},[50,155967,59343],{"class":125},[50,155969,1770],{"class":64},[20,155971,155972],{},[997,155973,2091],{},[41,155975,155976],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155977,155978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155979,155980],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155981,46430],{"class":101},[20,155983,155984,155986],{},[15,155985,42172],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[219,155988,155990],{"id":155989},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[811,155992,155994,155996],{"id":155993},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155995,42172],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[41,155998,156000],{"className":43,"code":155999,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156001,156002,156026],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156003,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020,156022,156024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156005,4093],{"class":56},[50,156007,61],{"class":60},[50,156009,9262],{"class":64},[50,156011,69],{"class":68},[50,156013,63414],{"class":72},[50,156015,69],{"class":68},[50,156017,89],{"class":64},[50,156019,81],{"class":68},[50,156021,45],{"class":72},[50,156023,69],{"class":68},[50,156025,414],{"class":64},[50,156027,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156029,119],{"class":118},[50,156031,122],{"class":64},[50,156033,11181],{"class":118},[50,156035,122],{"class":64},[50,156037,4137],{"class":125},[50,156039,1770],{"class":64},[20,156041,156042],{},[997,156043,2091],{},[41,156045,156046],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156047,156048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156049,156050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156051,17055],{"class":101},[20,156053,156054,156055,156057],{},"This result is ",[15,156056,2076],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156059,156060],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[41,156062,156064],{"className":43,"code":156063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156065,156066,156090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156069,4093],{"class":56},[50,156071,61],{"class":60},[50,156073,9262],{"class":64},[50,156075,69],{"class":68},[50,156077,63414],{"class":72},[50,156079,69],{"class":68},[50,156081,89],{"class":64},[50,156083,81],{"class":68},[50,156085,45],{"class":72},[50,156087,69],{"class":68},[50,156089,414],{"class":64},[50,156091,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156093,119],{"class":118},[50,156095,122],{"class":64},[50,156097,11181],{"class":118},[50,156099,122],{"class":64},[50,156101,4137],{"class":125},[50,156103,779],{"class":64},[50,156105,1215],{"class":101},[50,156107,3023],{"class":64},[20,156109,156110],{},[997,156111,2091],{},[41,156113,156114],{"className":43,"code":17055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156115,156116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156117,156118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156119,17055],{"class":101},[20,156121,1212,156122,156125,156126,129],{},[15,156123,156124],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156127,156128],{},"\"hi\"",[811,156130,156132,156134],{"id":156131},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156133,42172],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[41,156136,156138],{"className":43,"code":156137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156139,156140,156176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156141,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168,156170,156172,156174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156143,3848],{"class":56},[50,156145,61],{"class":60},[50,156147,10019],{"class":64},[50,156149,3011],{"class":101},[50,156151,89],{"class":64},[50,156153,3016],{"class":101},[50,156155,9259],{"class":64},[50,156157,9262],{"class":64},[50,156159,2082],{"class":101},[50,156161,89],{"class":64},[50,156163,2479],{"class":101},[50,156165,9259],{"class":64},[50,156167,9262],{"class":64},[50,156169,2157],{"class":101},[50,156171,89],{"class":64},[50,156173,37452],{"class":101},[50,156175,1770],{"class":64},[50,156177,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156179,119],{"class":118},[50,156181,122],{"class":64},[50,156183,11181],{"class":118},[50,156185,122],{"class":64},[50,156187,5382],{"class":125},[50,156189,1770],{"class":64},[20,156191,156192],{},[997,156193,2091],{},[41,156195,156196],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156197,156198],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156199,156200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156201,46430],{"class":101},[20,156203,156204],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[811,156206,156208],{"id":156207},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156210,25490],{},[41,156212,156214],{"className":43,"code":156213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156215,156216,156228],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156217,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156219,2468],{"class":56},[50,156221,61],{"class":60},[50,156223,9262],{"class":64},[50,156225,2352],{"class":101},[50,156227,414],{"class":64},[50,156229,156230,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156231,119],{"class":118},[50,156233,122],{"class":64},[50,156235,1780],{"class":1779},[50,156237,122],{"class":64},[50,156239,2495],{"class":125},[50,156241,1770],{"class":64},[20,156243,156244],{},[997,156245,2091],{},[41,156247,156249],{"className":43,"code":156248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156250,156251],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156252,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156254,3315],{"class":60},[50,156256,3318],{"class":2085},[50,156258,3321],{"class":68},[50,156260,2209],{"class":72},[50,156262,1736],{"class":68},[50,156264,3328],{"class":60},[20,156266,156267],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[41,156269,156271],{"className":43,"code":156270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156272,156273,156285,156299],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156274,156275,156277,156279,156281,156283],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156276,2468],{"class":56},[50,156278,61],{"class":60},[50,156280,9262],{"class":64},[50,156282,2352],{"class":101},[50,156284,149164],{"class":64},[50,156286,156287,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156288,119],{"class":118},[50,156290,122],{"class":64},[50,156292,1780],{"class":1779},[50,156294,122],{"class":64},[50,156296,2495],{"class":125},[50,156298,1770],{"class":64},[50,156300,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156311],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156302,119],{"class":118},[50,156304,122],{"class":64},[50,156306,11181],{"class":118},[50,156308,122],{"class":64},[50,156310,2495],{"class":125},[50,156312,1770],{"class":64},[20,156314,156315],{},[997,156316,2091],{},[41,156318,156320],{"className":43,"code":156319,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156321,156322,156336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156323,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156325,3315],{"class":60},[50,156327,3318],{"class":2085},[50,156329,3321],{"class":68},[50,156331,48767],{"class":72},[50,156333,1736],{"class":68},[50,156335,3328],{"class":60},[50,156337,156338],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156339,46730],{"class":101},[811,156341,156343,156345],{"id":156342},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156344,11181],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156347,44241,156348,156350],{},[15,156349,11181],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156352,44272],{},[41,156354,156356],{"className":43,"code":156355,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156357,156358,156366,156386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156359,156360,156362,156364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156361,11181],{"class":118},[50,156363,13284],{"class":60},[50,156365,2610],{"class":101},[50,156367,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156369,3647],{"class":56},[50,156371,61],{"class":60},[50,156373,9262],{"class":64},[50,156375,3011],{"class":101},[50,156377,89],{"class":64},[50,156379,3016],{"class":101},[50,156381,89],{"class":64},[50,156383,2473],{"class":101},[50,156385,414],{"class":64},[50,156387,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156389,119],{"class":118},[50,156391,122],{"class":64},[50,156393,11181],{"class":118},[50,156395,122],{"class":64},[50,156397,3678],{"class":125},[50,156399,1770],{"class":64},[20,156401,39463,156402,156404],{},[15,156403,11181],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156406,156407],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[41,156409,156411],{"className":43,"code":156410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156412,156413,156422,156442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156414,156415,156418,156420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156416,156417],{"class":56},"length_value ",[50,156419,61],{"class":60},[50,156421,2610],{"class":101},[50,156423,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156425,3647],{"class":56},[50,156427,61],{"class":60},[50,156429,9262],{"class":64},[50,156431,3011],{"class":101},[50,156433,89],{"class":64},[50,156435,3016],{"class":101},[50,156437,89],{"class":64},[50,156439,2473],{"class":101},[50,156441,414],{"class":64},[50,156443,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156445,119],{"class":118},[50,156447,122],{"class":64},[50,156449,11181],{"class":118},[50,156451,122],{"class":64},[50,156453,3678],{"class":125},[50,156455,1770],{"class":64},[20,156457,156458],{},[997,156459,2091],{},[41,156461,156462],{"className":43,"code":46430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156463,156464],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156465,156466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156467,46430],{"class":101},[219,156469,156471],{"id":156470},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156473,156474,156476],{},[15,156475,42172],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[811,156478,156480],{"id":156479},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[41,156482,156484],{"className":43,"code":156483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156485,156486,156494,156498,156516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156487,156488,156490,156492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156489,7805],{"class":56},[50,156491,61],{"class":60},[50,156493,149150],{"class":64},[50,156495,156496],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156497,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156499,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156501,7023],{"class":1622},[50,156503,38195],{"class":118},[50,156505,122],{"class":64},[50,156507,7836],{"class":125},[50,156509,1206],{"class":64},[50,156511,6432],{"class":60},[50,156513,1192],{"class":101},[50,156515,6417],{"class":64},[50,156517,156518,156520,156522,156524,156527,156529],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,156519,8094],{"class":118},[50,156521,122],{"class":64},[50,156523,69],{"class":68},[50,156525,156526],{"class":72},"The tuple is empty",[50,156528,69],{"class":68},[50,156530,414],{"class":64},[20,156532,156533],{},[997,156534,2091],{},[41,156536,156538],{"className":43,"code":156537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156539,156540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156541,156542,156544,156546,156548],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156543,228],{"class":56},[50,156545,48767],{"class":1779},[50,156547,8122],{"class":60},[50,156549,8128],{"class":56},[811,156551,156553],{"id":156552},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[41,156555,156557],{"className":43,"code":156556,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156558,156559,156575,156579,156597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156560,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156562,51200],{"class":56},[50,156564,61],{"class":60},[50,156566,9262],{"class":64},[50,156568,2527],{"class":101},[50,156570,89],{"class":64},[50,156572,6018],{"class":101},[50,156574,414],{"class":64},[50,156576,156577],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156578,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156580,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156582,7023],{"class":1622},[50,156584,38195],{"class":118},[50,156586,122],{"class":64},[50,156588,51225],{"class":125},[50,156590,1206],{"class":64},[50,156592,6432],{"class":60},[50,156594,3016],{"class":101},[50,156596,6417],{"class":64},[50,156598,156599,156601,156603,156605,156608,156610],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,156600,8094],{"class":118},[50,156602,122],{"class":64},[50,156604,69],{"class":68},[50,156606,156607],{"class":72},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[50,156609,69],{"class":68},[50,156611,414],{"class":64},[20,156613,156614],{},[997,156615,2091],{},[41,156617,156619],{"className":43,"code":156618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156620,156621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156622,156623,156626,156628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156624,156625],{"class":56},"This looks like an x",[50,156627,89],{"class":64},[50,156629,156630],{"class":56}," y coordinate\n",[811,156632,156634],{"id":156633},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[41,156636,156638],{"className":43,"code":156637,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156639,156640,156669,156673,156691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156641,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156665,156667],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156643,618],{"class":56},[50,156645,61],{"class":60},[50,156647,9262],{"class":64},[50,156649,69],{"class":68},[50,156651,84],{"class":72},[50,156653,69],{"class":68},[50,156655,89],{"class":64},[50,156657,102],{"class":101},[50,156659,89],{"class":64},[50,156661,81],{"class":68},[50,156663,156664],{"class":72},"Canada",[50,156666,69],{"class":68},[50,156668,414],{"class":64},[50,156670,156671],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156672,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156674,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156676,7023],{"class":1622},[50,156678,38195],{"class":118},[50,156680,122],{"class":64},[50,156682,670],{"class":125},[50,156684,1206],{"class":64},[50,156686,6432],{"class":60},[50,156688,2473],{"class":101},[50,156690,6417],{"class":64},[50,156692,156693,156695,156697,156699,156702,156704],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,156694,8094],{"class":118},[50,156696,122],{"class":64},[50,156698,69],{"class":68},[50,156700,156701],{"class":72},"User record has the expected number of values",[50,156703,69],{"class":68},[50,156705,414],{"class":64},[20,156707,156708],{},[997,156709,2091],{},[41,156711,156713],{"className":43,"code":156712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156714,156715],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156716,156717],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156718,156712],{"class":56},[811,156720,156722],{"id":156721},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[41,156724,156726],{"className":43,"code":156725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156727,156728,156760,156764,156784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156729,156730,156732,156734,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156731,35897],{"class":56},[50,156733,61],{"class":60},[50,156735,9262],{"class":64},[50,156737,69],{"class":68},[50,156739,380],{"class":72},[50,156741,69],{"class":68},[50,156743,89],{"class":64},[50,156745,81],{"class":68},[50,156747,4784],{"class":72},[50,156749,69],{"class":68},[50,156751,89],{"class":64},[50,156753,81],{"class":68},[50,156755,9763],{"class":72},[50,156757,69],{"class":68},[50,156759,414],{"class":64},[50,156761,156762],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156763,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156765,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780,156782],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156767,5982],{"class":1622},[50,156769,69367],{"class":56},[50,156771,1562],{"class":1622},[50,156773,53886],{"class":118},[50,156775,122],{"class":64},[50,156777,11181],{"class":118},[50,156779,122],{"class":64},[50,156781,35950],{"class":125},[50,156783,69382],{"class":64},[50,156785,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,156787,8094],{"class":118},[50,156789,122],{"class":64},[50,156791,35961],{"class":125},[50,156793,89],{"class":64},[50,156795,69915],{"class":125},[50,156797,779],{"class":64},[50,156799,35961],{"class":125},[50,156801,3911],{"class":64},[20,156803,156804],{},[997,156805,2091],{},[41,156807,156808],{"className":43,"code":35973,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156809,156810,156816,156822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156811,156812,156814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156813,1215],{"class":101},[50,156815,35982],{"class":56},[50,156817,156818,156820],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156819,3011],{"class":101},[50,156821,35989],{"class":56},[50,156823,156824,156826],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156825,2076],{"class":101},[50,156827,35996],{"class":56},[20,156829,156830,156831,156833,156834,129],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[380,156832,149481],{"href":149480},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[380,156835,150725],{"href":150724},[219,156837,1663],{"id":1662},[20,156839,156840],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[233,156842,156843,156851,156858,156863],{},[236,156844,156845,156846,11111,156849],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156847,156848],{},"(5)",[15,156850,149315],{},[236,156852,8444,156853,156855,156856],{},[15,156854,11181],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156857,42172],{},[236,156859,8480,156860,156862],{},[15,156861,42172],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[236,156864,156865],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156867,31885],{},[41,156869,156871],{"className":43,"code":156870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156872,156873,156883,156897,156911],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156874,156875,156877,156879,156881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156876,119],{"class":118},[50,156878,122],{"class":64},[50,156880,147826],{"class":125},[50,156882,414],{"class":64},[50,156884,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156886,119],{"class":118},[50,156888,122],{"class":64},[50,156890,1780],{"class":1779},[50,156892,122],{"class":64},[50,156894,147826],{"class":125},[50,156896,1770],{"class":64},[50,156898,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156900,119],{"class":118},[50,156902,122],{"class":64},[50,156904,11181],{"class":118},[50,156906,122],{"class":64},[50,156908,147826],{"class":125},[50,156910,1770],{"class":64},[50,156912,156913,156915,156917,156919],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,156914,31955],{"class":118},[50,156916,122],{"class":64},[50,156918,11181],{"class":118},[50,156920,414],{"class":64},[20,156922,155035],{},[233,156924,156925,156928,156931,156935],{},[236,156926,156927],{},"what value you are using",[236,156929,156930],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[236,156932,25819,156933,11719],{},[15,156934,42172],{},[236,156936,123199,156937,156939],{},[15,156938,42172],{}," is documented in Python",[219,156941,1857],{"id":1856},[811,156943,156945],{"id":156944},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156947,212,156948,156951],{},[15,156949,156950],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[811,156953,1861,156955,148985],{"id":156954},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156956,42172],{},[20,156958,46178,156959,156961],{},[15,156960,42172],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[811,156963,156965],{"id":156964},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156967,156968,156969,129],{},"The length is ",[15,156970,1215],{},[811,156972,156974],{"id":156973},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156976,150671,156977,156979],{},[15,156978,150674],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[811,156981,1861,156983,156985],{"id":156982},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156984,42172],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156987,156988],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[219,156990,1909],{"id":1908},[233,156992,156993,156999,157003,157007,157011],{},[236,156994,156995],{},[380,156996,3603,156997,3536],{"href":42169},[15,156998,42172],{},[236,157000,157001],{},[380,157002,155900],{"href":147811},[236,157004,157005],{},[380,157006,149481],{"href":149480},[236,157008,157009],{},[380,157010,150725],{"href":150724},[236,157012,157013],{},[380,157014,157015],{"href":149111},"What is a tuple in Python",[1944,157017,157018],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":157020},[157021,157022,157023,157030,157036,157045,157051,157052,157061],{"id":15166,"depth":108,"text":15167},{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":155388,"depth":108,"text":157024,"children":157025},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157026,157027,157028,157029],{"id":155400,"depth":115,"text":155401},{"id":155467,"depth":115,"text":155468},{"id":155512,"depth":115,"text":155513},{"id":155561,"depth":115,"text":155562},{"id":155650,"depth":108,"text":155651,"children":157031},[157032,157033,157034,157035],{"id":155654,"depth":115,"text":155655},{"id":155729,"depth":115,"text":155468},{"id":155771,"depth":115,"text":155772},{"id":155905,"depth":115,"text":155906},{"id":155989,"depth":108,"text":155990,"children":157037},[157038,157040,157042,157043],{"id":155993,"depth":115,"text":157039},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156131,"depth":115,"text":157041},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156207,"depth":115,"text":156208},{"id":156342,"depth":115,"text":157044},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156470,"depth":108,"text":156471,"children":157046},[157047,157048,157049,157050],{"id":156479,"depth":115,"text":156480},{"id":156552,"depth":115,"text":156553},{"id":156633,"depth":115,"text":156634},{"id":156721,"depth":115,"text":156722},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":157053},[157054,157055,157057,157058,157059],{"id":156944,"depth":115,"text":156945},{"id":156954,"depth":115,"text":157056},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156964,"depth":115,"text":156965},{"id":156973,"depth":115,"text":156974},{"id":156982,"depth":115,"text":157060},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155172,"description":157062},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157069,"title":157070,"body":157071,"description":159456,"extension":1981,"meta":159457,"navigation":111,"path":159458,"seo":159459,"stem":159460,"__hash__":159461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157072,"toc":159417},[157073,157076,157079,157082,157105,157111,157113,157224,157228,157231,157241,157243,157342,157344,157421,157427,157431,157434,157457,157460,157477,157480,157482,157545,157547,157564,157575,157580,157582,157585,157591,157642,157644,157664,157668,157719,157721,157742,157746,157801,157803,157824,157828,157883,157885,157906,157910,157963,157965,157994,157996,157998,158001,158005,158062,158064,158085,158089,158142,158144,158169,158174,158178,158183,158201,158204,158267,158269,158290,158293,158354,158356,158377,158380,158423,158426,158430,158435,158439,158518,158520,158551,158555,158630,158632,158659,158663,158710,158712,158720,158725,158729,158732,158747,158749,158837,158839,158864,158867,158910,158919,158921,158924,158939,158942,158946,159000,159002,159022,159027,159031,159033,159071,159074,159124,159128,159201,159203,159240,159243,159245,159248,159268,159271,159340,159342,159355,159357,159361,159364,159368,159371,159376,159379,159385,159390,159392,159414],[10,157074,157070],{"id":157075},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157077,157078],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157080,157081],{},"Use this format:",[41,157083,157085],{"className":43,"code":157084,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157086,157087],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157088,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157090,48767],{"class":56},[50,157092,779],{"class":64},[50,157094,35879],{"class":56},[50,157096,78],{"class":64},[50,157098,75245],{"class":56},[50,157100,78],{"class":64},[50,157102,75248],{"class":56},[50,157104,788],{"class":64},[20,157106,228,157107,75281,157109,129],{},[15,157108,75245],{},[997,157110,64888],{},[219,157112,2022],{"id":2021},[41,157114,157116],{"className":43,"code":157115,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157117,157118,157146,157150,157171,157188,157205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157119,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157121,3647],{"class":56},[50,157123,61],{"class":60},[50,157125,9262],{"class":64},[50,157127,2352],{"class":101},[50,157129,89],{"class":64},[50,157131,7816],{"class":101},[50,157133,89],{"class":64},[50,157135,7821],{"class":101},[50,157137,89],{"class":64},[50,157139,50658],{"class":101},[50,157141,89],{"class":64},[50,157143,5103],{"class":101},[50,157145,414],{"class":64},[50,157147,157148],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157149,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157151,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157153,119],{"class":118},[50,157155,122],{"class":64},[50,157157,3678],{"class":125},[50,157159,779],{"class":64},[50,157161,3011],{"class":101},[50,157163,78],{"class":64},[50,157165,2527],{"class":101},[50,157167,872],{"class":64},[50,157169,157170],{"class":146},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[50,157172,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,157174,119],{"class":118},[50,157176,122],{"class":64},[50,157178,3678],{"class":125},[50,157180,75354],{"class":64},[50,157182,2082],{"class":101},[50,157184,872],{"class":64},[50,157186,157187],{"class":146},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[50,157189,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,157191,119],{"class":118},[50,157193,122],{"class":64},[50,157195,3678],{"class":125},[50,157197,73941],{"class":64},[50,157199,2076],{"class":101},[50,157201,872],{"class":64},[50,157203,157204],{"class":146},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[50,157206,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,157208,119],{"class":118},[50,157210,122],{"class":64},[50,157212,3678],{"class":125},[50,157214,73941],{"class":64},[50,157216,2041],{"class":60},[50,157218,3011],{"class":101},[50,157220,872],{"class":64},[50,157222,157223],{"class":146},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[219,157225,157227],{"id":157226},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157229,157230],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[233,157232,157233,157235,157238],{},[236,157234,75548],{},[236,157236,157237],{},"The result is a new tuple",[236,157239,157240],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157242,253],{},[41,157244,157246],{"className":43,"code":157245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157247,157248,157296,157300,157318,157322,157332],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157249,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157251,35897],{"class":56},[50,157253,61],{"class":60},[50,157255,9262],{"class":64},[50,157257,69],{"class":68},[50,157259,380],{"class":72},[50,157261,69],{"class":68},[50,157263,89],{"class":64},[50,157265,81],{"class":68},[50,157267,4784],{"class":72},[50,157269,69],{"class":68},[50,157271,89],{"class":64},[50,157273,81],{"class":68},[50,157275,9763],{"class":72},[50,157277,69],{"class":68},[50,157279,89],{"class":64},[50,157281,81],{"class":68},[50,157283,18757],{"class":72},[50,157285,69],{"class":68},[50,157287,89],{"class":64},[50,157289,81],{"class":68},[50,157291,60265],{"class":72},[50,157293,69],{"class":68},[50,157295,414],{"class":64},[50,157297,157298],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157299,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157301,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157303,75478],{"class":56},[50,157305,61],{"class":60},[50,157307,69915],{"class":56},[50,157309,779],{"class":64},[50,157311,3011],{"class":101},[50,157313,78],{"class":64},[50,157315,2527],{"class":101},[50,157317,788],{"class":64},[50,157319,157320],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,157321,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157323,157324,157326,157328,157330],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,157325,119],{"class":118},[50,157327,122],{"class":64},[50,157329,75501],{"class":125},[50,157331,414],{"class":64},[50,157333,157334,157336,157338,157340],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,157335,119],{"class":118},[50,157337,122],{"class":64},[50,157339,35950],{"class":125},[50,157341,414],{"class":64},[20,157343,2091],{},[41,157345,157347],{"className":43,"code":157346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157348,157349,157377],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157350,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157352,122],{"class":64},[50,157354,1736],{"class":68},[50,157356,4784],{"class":72},[50,157358,1736],{"class":68},[50,157360,89],{"class":64},[50,157362,3321],{"class":68},[50,157364,9763],{"class":72},[50,157366,1736],{"class":68},[50,157368,89],{"class":64},[50,157370,3321],{"class":68},[50,157372,18757],{"class":72},[50,157374,1736],{"class":68},[50,157376,414],{"class":64},[50,157378,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157380,122],{"class":64},[50,157382,1736],{"class":68},[50,157384,380],{"class":72},[50,157386,1736],{"class":68},[50,157388,89],{"class":64},[50,157390,3321],{"class":68},[50,157392,4784],{"class":72},[50,157394,1736],{"class":68},[50,157396,89],{"class":64},[50,157398,3321],{"class":68},[50,157400,9763],{"class":72},[50,157402,1736],{"class":68},[50,157404,89],{"class":64},[50,157406,3321],{"class":68},[50,157408,18757],{"class":72},[50,157410,1736],{"class":68},[50,157412,89],{"class":64},[50,157414,3321],{"class":68},[50,157416,60265],{"class":72},[50,157418,1736],{"class":68},[50,157420,414],{"class":64},[20,157422,157423,157424,129],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[380,157425,147808],{"href":157426},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[219,157428,157430],{"id":157429},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157432,157433],{},"The full syntax is:",[41,157435,157437],{"className":43,"code":157436,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157438,157439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157440,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157442,147826],{"class":56},[50,157444,779],{"class":64},[50,157446,35879],{"class":56},[50,157448,78],{"class":64},[50,157450,75245],{"class":56},[50,157452,78],{"class":64},[50,157454,75248],{"class":56},[50,157456,788],{"class":64},[20,157458,157459],{},"Each part has a job:",[233,157461,157462,157467,157472],{},[236,157463,157464,157466],{},[15,157465,35879],{},": where slicing begins",[236,157468,157469,157471],{},[15,157470,75245],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[236,157473,157474,157476],{},[15,157475,75248],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157478,157479],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157481,253],{},[41,157483,157485],{"className":43,"code":157484,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157486,157487,157519,157523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157490,3647],{"class":56},[50,157492,61],{"class":60},[50,157494,9262],{"class":64},[50,157496,2352],{"class":101},[50,157498,89],{"class":64},[50,157500,7816],{"class":101},[50,157502,89],{"class":64},[50,157504,7821],{"class":101},[50,157506,89],{"class":64},[50,157508,50658],{"class":101},[50,157510,89],{"class":64},[50,157512,5103],{"class":101},[50,157514,89],{"class":64},[50,157516,75919],{"class":101},[50,157518,414],{"class":64},[50,157520,157521],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157522,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157524,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157526,119],{"class":118},[50,157528,122],{"class":64},[50,157530,3678],{"class":125},[50,157532,779],{"class":64},[50,157534,3011],{"class":101},[50,157536,78],{"class":64},[50,157538,2157],{"class":101},[50,157540,78],{"class":64},[50,157542,2076],{"class":101},[50,157544,3911],{"class":64},[20,157546,2091],{},[41,157548,157550],{"className":43,"code":157549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157551,157552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157553,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157555,122],{"class":64},[50,157557,15755],{"class":101},[50,157559,89],{"class":64},[50,157561,50658],{"class":101},[50,157563,414],{"class":64},[20,157565,157566,157567,157569,157570,157572,157573,129],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157568,3011],{},", stops before index ",[15,157571,2157],{},", and moves by ",[15,157574,2076],{},[20,157576,157577,157578,129],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[380,157579,149481],{"href":152907},[219,157581,75835],{"id":75834},[20,157583,157584],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[811,157586,157588,157589,5990],{"id":157587},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157590,75849],{},[41,157592,157594],{"className":43,"code":157593,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157595,157596,157624,157628],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157597,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157599,3647],{"class":56},[50,157601,61],{"class":60},[50,157603,9262],{"class":64},[50,157605,2352],{"class":101},[50,157607,89],{"class":64},[50,157609,7816],{"class":101},[50,157611,89],{"class":64},[50,157613,7821],{"class":101},[50,157615,89],{"class":64},[50,157617,50658],{"class":101},[50,157619,89],{"class":64},[50,157621,5103],{"class":101},[50,157623,414],{"class":64},[50,157625,157626],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157627,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157629,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157631,119],{"class":118},[50,157633,122],{"class":64},[50,157635,3678],{"class":125},[50,157637,75354],{"class":64},[50,157639,2082],{"class":101},[50,157641,3911],{"class":64},[20,157643,2091],{},[41,157645,157646],{"className":43,"code":151173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,157647,157648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157649,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157651,122],{"class":64},[50,157653,2352],{"class":101},[50,157655,89],{"class":64},[50,157657,7816],{"class":101},[50,157659,89],{"class":64},[50,157661,7821],{"class":101},[50,157663,414],{"class":64},[811,157665,157667],{"id":157666},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[41,157669,157671],{"className":43,"code":157670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157672,157673,157701,157705],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157674,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157676,3647],{"class":56},[50,157678,61],{"class":60},[50,157680,9262],{"class":64},[50,157682,2352],{"class":101},[50,157684,89],{"class":64},[50,157686,7816],{"class":101},[50,157688,89],{"class":64},[50,157690,7821],{"class":101},[50,157692,89],{"class":64},[50,157694,50658],{"class":101},[50,157696,89],{"class":64},[50,157698,5103],{"class":101},[50,157700,414],{"class":64},[50,157702,157703],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157704,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157706,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157708,119],{"class":118},[50,157710,122],{"class":64},[50,157712,3678],{"class":125},[50,157714,779],{"class":64},[50,157716,2076],{"class":101},[50,157718,77535],{"class":64},[20,157720,2091],{},[41,157722,157724],{"className":43,"code":157723,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157725,157726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157727,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157729,122],{"class":64},[50,157731,36649],{"class":101},[50,157733,89],{"class":64},[50,157735,50658],{"class":101},[50,157737,89],{"class":64},[50,157739,5103],{"class":101},[50,157741,414],{"class":64},[811,157743,157745],{"id":157744},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[41,157747,157749],{"className":43,"code":157748,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157750,157751,157779,157783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157752,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157754,3647],{"class":56},[50,157756,61],{"class":60},[50,157758,9262],{"class":64},[50,157760,2352],{"class":101},[50,157762,89],{"class":64},[50,157764,7816],{"class":101},[50,157766,89],{"class":64},[50,157768,7821],{"class":101},[50,157770,89],{"class":64},[50,157772,50658],{"class":101},[50,157774,89],{"class":64},[50,157776,5103],{"class":101},[50,157778,414],{"class":64},[50,157780,157781],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157782,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157784,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157786,119],{"class":118},[50,157788,122],{"class":64},[50,157790,3678],{"class":125},[50,157792,779],{"class":64},[50,157794,3011],{"class":101},[50,157796,78],{"class":64},[50,157798,2527],{"class":101},[50,157800,3911],{"class":64},[20,157802,2091],{},[41,157804,157806],{"className":43,"code":157805,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157807,157808],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157809,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157811,122],{"class":64},[50,157813,15755],{"class":101},[50,157815,89],{"class":64},[50,157817,7821],{"class":101},[50,157819,89],{"class":64},[50,157821,50658],{"class":101},[50,157823,414],{"class":64},[811,157825,157827],{"id":157826},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[41,157829,157831],{"className":43,"code":157830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157832,157833,157865,157869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157834,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157836,3647],{"class":56},[50,157838,61],{"class":60},[50,157840,9262],{"class":64},[50,157842,2352],{"class":101},[50,157844,89],{"class":64},[50,157846,7816],{"class":101},[50,157848,89],{"class":64},[50,157850,7821],{"class":101},[50,157852,89],{"class":64},[50,157854,50658],{"class":101},[50,157856,89],{"class":64},[50,157858,5103],{"class":101},[50,157860,89],{"class":64},[50,157862,75919],{"class":101},[50,157864,414],{"class":64},[50,157866,157867],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157868,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157870,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157872,119],{"class":118},[50,157874,122],{"class":64},[50,157876,3678],{"class":125},[50,157878,73941],{"class":64},[50,157880,2076],{"class":101},[50,157882,3911],{"class":64},[20,157884,2091],{},[41,157886,157888],{"className":43,"code":157887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157889,157890],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157891,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157893,122],{"class":64},[50,157895,2352],{"class":101},[50,157897,89],{"class":64},[50,157899,7821],{"class":101},[50,157901,89],{"class":64},[50,157903,5103],{"class":101},[50,157905,414],{"class":64},[811,157907,157909],{"id":157908},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[41,157911,157913],{"className":43,"code":157912,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157914,157915,157943,157947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157916,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157918,3647],{"class":56},[50,157920,61],{"class":60},[50,157922,9262],{"class":64},[50,157924,2352],{"class":101},[50,157926,89],{"class":64},[50,157928,7816],{"class":101},[50,157930,89],{"class":64},[50,157932,7821],{"class":101},[50,157934,89],{"class":64},[50,157936,50658],{"class":101},[50,157938,89],{"class":64},[50,157940,5103],{"class":101},[50,157942,414],{"class":64},[50,157944,157945],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157946,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157948,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157950,119],{"class":118},[50,157952,122],{"class":64},[50,157954,3678],{"class":125},[50,157956,73941],{"class":64},[50,157958,2041],{"class":60},[50,157960,3011],{"class":101},[50,157962,3911],{"class":64},[20,157964,2091],{},[41,157966,157968],{"className":43,"code":157967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157969,157970],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157971,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157973,122],{"class":64},[50,157975,76613],{"class":101},[50,157977,89],{"class":64},[50,157979,50658],{"class":101},[50,157981,89],{"class":64},[50,157983,7821],{"class":101},[50,157985,89],{"class":64},[50,157987,7816],{"class":101},[50,157989,89],{"class":64},[50,157991,1144],{"class":101},[50,157993,414],{"class":64},[219,157995,76129],{"id":76128},[20,157997,154180],{},[20,157999,158000],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[811,158002,158004],{"id":158003},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[41,158006,158008],{"className":43,"code":158007,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158009,158010,158042,158046],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158011,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158013,3647],{"class":56},[50,158015,61],{"class":60},[50,158017,9262],{"class":64},[50,158019,2352],{"class":101},[50,158021,89],{"class":64},[50,158023,7816],{"class":101},[50,158025,89],{"class":64},[50,158027,7821],{"class":101},[50,158029,89],{"class":64},[50,158031,50658],{"class":101},[50,158033,89],{"class":64},[50,158035,5103],{"class":101},[50,158037,89],{"class":64},[50,158039,75919],{"class":101},[50,158041,414],{"class":64},[50,158043,158044],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158045,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158047,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158049,119],{"class":118},[50,158051,122],{"class":64},[50,158053,3678],{"class":125},[50,158055,779],{"class":64},[50,158057,2041],{"class":60},[50,158059,2082],{"class":101},[50,158061,77535],{"class":64},[20,158063,2091],{},[41,158065,158067],{"className":43,"code":158066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158068,158069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158070,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158072,122],{"class":64},[50,158074,56509],{"class":101},[50,158076,89],{"class":64},[50,158078,5103],{"class":101},[50,158080,89],{"class":64},[50,158082,75919],{"class":101},[50,158084,414],{"class":64},[811,158086,158088],{"id":158087},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[41,158090,158092],{"className":43,"code":158091,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158093,158094,158122,158126],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158095,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158097,3647],{"class":56},[50,158099,61],{"class":60},[50,158101,9262],{"class":64},[50,158103,2352],{"class":101},[50,158105,89],{"class":64},[50,158107,7816],{"class":101},[50,158109,89],{"class":64},[50,158111,7821],{"class":101},[50,158113,89],{"class":64},[50,158115,50658],{"class":101},[50,158117,89],{"class":64},[50,158119,5103],{"class":101},[50,158121,414],{"class":64},[50,158123,158124],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158125,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158127,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158129,119],{"class":118},[50,158131,122],{"class":64},[50,158133,3678],{"class":125},[50,158135,75354],{"class":64},[50,158137,2041],{"class":60},[50,158139,3011],{"class":101},[50,158141,3911],{"class":64},[20,158143,2091],{},[41,158145,158147],{"className":43,"code":158146,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158148,158149],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158150,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158152,122],{"class":64},[50,158154,2352],{"class":101},[50,158156,89],{"class":64},[50,158158,7816],{"class":101},[50,158160,89],{"class":64},[50,158162,7821],{"class":101},[50,158164,89],{"class":64},[50,158166,50658],{"class":101},[50,158168,414],{"class":64},[20,158170,158171,158172,129],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[380,158173,150730],{"href":157064},[219,158175,158177],{"id":158176},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158179,228,158180,158182],{},[15,158181,75248],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[233,158184,158185,158187,158189,158195],{},[236,158186,76385],{},[236,158188,76388],{},[236,158190,158191,158194],{},[15,158192,158193],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[236,158196,158197,158198,158200],{},"A step of ",[15,158199,1215],{}," is not allowed",[20,158202,158203],{},"Example with a positive step:",[41,158205,158207],{"className":43,"code":158206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158208,158209,158241,158245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158212,3647],{"class":56},[50,158214,61],{"class":60},[50,158216,9262],{"class":64},[50,158218,2352],{"class":101},[50,158220,89],{"class":64},[50,158222,7816],{"class":101},[50,158224,89],{"class":64},[50,158226,7821],{"class":101},[50,158228,89],{"class":64},[50,158230,50658],{"class":101},[50,158232,89],{"class":64},[50,158234,5103],{"class":101},[50,158236,89],{"class":64},[50,158238,75919],{"class":101},[50,158240,414],{"class":64},[50,158242,158243],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158244,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158246,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158248,119],{"class":118},[50,158250,122],{"class":64},[50,158252,3678],{"class":125},[50,158254,779],{"class":64},[50,158256,3011],{"class":101},[50,158258,78],{"class":64},[50,158260,80413],{"class":101},[50,158262,78],{"class":64},[50,158264,2076],{"class":101},[50,158266,3911],{"class":64},[20,158268,2091],{},[41,158270,158272],{"className":43,"code":158271,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158273,158274],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158275,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158277,122],{"class":64},[50,158279,15755],{"class":101},[50,158281,89],{"class":64},[50,158283,50658],{"class":101},[50,158285,89],{"class":64},[50,158287,75919],{"class":101},[50,158289,414],{"class":64},[20,158291,158292],{},"Example with a negative step:",[41,158294,158296],{"className":43,"code":158295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158297,158298,158326,158330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158299,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158301,3647],{"class":56},[50,158303,61],{"class":60},[50,158305,9262],{"class":64},[50,158307,2352],{"class":101},[50,158309,89],{"class":64},[50,158311,7816],{"class":101},[50,158313,89],{"class":64},[50,158315,7821],{"class":101},[50,158317,89],{"class":64},[50,158319,50658],{"class":101},[50,158321,89],{"class":64},[50,158323,5103],{"class":101},[50,158325,414],{"class":64},[50,158327,158328],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158329,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158331,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158333,119],{"class":118},[50,158335,122],{"class":64},[50,158337,3678],{"class":125},[50,158339,779],{"class":64},[50,158341,2527],{"class":101},[50,158343,78],{"class":64},[50,158345,3011],{"class":101},[50,158347,78],{"class":64},[50,158349,2041],{"class":60},[50,158351,3011],{"class":101},[50,158353,3911],{"class":64},[20,158355,2091],{},[41,158357,158359],{"className":43,"code":158358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158360,158361],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158362,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158364,122],{"class":64},[50,158366,76613],{"class":101},[50,158368,89],{"class":64},[50,158370,50658],{"class":101},[50,158372,89],{"class":64},[50,158374,7821],{"class":101},[50,158376,414],{"class":64},[20,158378,158379],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[41,158381,158383],{"className":43,"code":158382,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158384,158385,158405,158409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158386,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158388,3647],{"class":56},[50,158390,61],{"class":60},[50,158392,9262],{"class":64},[50,158394,2352],{"class":101},[50,158396,89],{"class":64},[50,158398,7816],{"class":101},[50,158400,89],{"class":64},[50,158402,7821],{"class":101},[50,158404,414],{"class":64},[50,158406,158407],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158408,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158410,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158412,119],{"class":118},[50,158414,122],{"class":64},[50,158416,3678],{"class":125},[50,158418,73941],{"class":64},[50,158420,1215],{"class":101},[50,158422,3911],{"class":64},[20,158424,158425],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[219,158427,158429],{"id":158428},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158431,158432,158433,33545],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[997,158434,48767],{},[811,158436,158438],{"id":158437},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[41,158440,158442],{"className":43,"code":158441,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158443,158444,158468,158472,158490,158494,158504],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158445,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158447,3647],{"class":56},[50,158449,61],{"class":60},[50,158451,9262],{"class":64},[50,158453,2352],{"class":101},[50,158455,89],{"class":64},[50,158457,7816],{"class":101},[50,158459,89],{"class":64},[50,158461,7821],{"class":101},[50,158463,89],{"class":64},[50,158465,50658],{"class":101},[50,158467,414],{"class":64},[50,158469,158470],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158471,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158473,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158475,2250],{"class":56},[50,158477,61],{"class":60},[50,158479,4287],{"class":56},[50,158481,779],{"class":64},[50,158483,3011],{"class":101},[50,158485,78],{"class":64},[50,158487,2082],{"class":101},[50,158489,788],{"class":64},[50,158491,158492],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,158493,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158495,158496,158498,158500,158502],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,158497,119],{"class":118},[50,158499,122],{"class":64},[50,158501,2285],{"class":125},[50,158503,414],{"class":64},[50,158505,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,158507,119],{"class":118},[50,158509,122],{"class":64},[50,158511,1780],{"class":1779},[50,158513,122],{"class":64},[50,158515,2285],{"class":125},[50,158517,1770],{"class":64},[20,158519,2091],{},[41,158521,158523],{"className":43,"code":158522,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158524,158525,158537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158526,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158528,122],{"class":64},[50,158530,15755],{"class":101},[50,158532,89],{"class":64},[50,158534,7821],{"class":101},[50,158536,414],{"class":64},[50,158538,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547,158549],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158540,3315],{"class":60},[50,158542,3318],{"class":2085},[50,158544,3321],{"class":68},[50,158546,48767],{"class":72},[50,158548,1736],{"class":68},[50,158550,3328],{"class":60},[811,158552,158554],{"id":158553},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[41,158556,158558],{"className":43,"code":158557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158559,158560,158580,158584,158602,158606,158616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158561,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158563,3647],{"class":56},[50,158565,61],{"class":60},[50,158567,9262],{"class":64},[50,158569,2352],{"class":101},[50,158571,89],{"class":64},[50,158573,7816],{"class":101},[50,158575,89],{"class":64},[50,158577,7821],{"class":101},[50,158579,414],{"class":64},[50,158581,158582],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158583,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158585,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158587,2250],{"class":56},[50,158589,61],{"class":60},[50,158591,4287],{"class":56},[50,158593,779],{"class":64},[50,158595,3011],{"class":101},[50,158597,78],{"class":64},[50,158599,2076],{"class":101},[50,158601,788],{"class":64},[50,158603,158604],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,158605,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158607,158608,158610,158612,158614],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,158609,119],{"class":118},[50,158611,122],{"class":64},[50,158613,2285],{"class":125},[50,158615,414],{"class":64},[50,158617,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,158619,119],{"class":118},[50,158621,122],{"class":64},[50,158623,1780],{"class":1779},[50,158625,122],{"class":64},[50,158627,2285],{"class":125},[50,158629,1770],{"class":64},[20,158631,2091],{},[41,158633,158635],{"className":43,"code":158634,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158636,158637,158645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158638,158639,158641,158643],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158640,122],{"class":64},[50,158642,15755],{"class":101},[50,158644,149164],{"class":64},[50,158646,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158648,3315],{"class":60},[50,158650,3318],{"class":2085},[50,158652,3321],{"class":68},[50,158654,48767],{"class":72},[50,158656,1736],{"class":68},[50,158658,3328],{"class":60},[811,158660,158662],{"id":158661},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[41,158664,158666],{"className":43,"code":158665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158667,158668,158688,158692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158669,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158671,3647],{"class":56},[50,158673,61],{"class":60},[50,158675,9262],{"class":64},[50,158677,2352],{"class":101},[50,158679,89],{"class":64},[50,158681,7816],{"class":101},[50,158683,89],{"class":64},[50,158685,7821],{"class":101},[50,158687,414],{"class":64},[50,158689,158690],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158691,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158693,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158695,119],{"class":118},[50,158697,122],{"class":64},[50,158699,3678],{"class":125},[50,158701,779],{"class":64},[50,158703,2157],{"class":101},[50,158705,78],{"class":64},[50,158707,2367],{"class":101},[50,158709,3911],{"class":64},[20,158711,2091],{},[41,158713,158714],{"className":43,"code":8671,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,158715,158716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158717,158718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158719,8671],{"class":64},[20,158721,158722,158723,129],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[380,158724,155900],{"href":150787},[219,158726,158728],{"id":158727},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158730,158731],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[233,158733,158734,158736,158739,158744],{},[236,158735,76694],{},[236,158737,158738],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[236,158740,158741,158742],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158743,70550],{},[236,158745,158746],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158748,253],{},[41,158750,158752],{"className":43,"code":158751,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158753,158754,158774,158778,158795,158816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158755,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770,158772],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158757,3647],{"class":56},[50,158759,61],{"class":60},[50,158761,9262],{"class":64},[50,158763,2352],{"class":101},[50,158765,89],{"class":64},[50,158767,7816],{"class":101},[50,158769,89],{"class":64},[50,158771,7821],{"class":101},[50,158773,414],{"class":64},[50,158775,158776],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158777,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158779,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158781,119],{"class":118},[50,158783,122],{"class":64},[50,158785,3678],{"class":125},[50,158787,779],{"class":64},[50,158789,3011],{"class":101},[50,158791,872],{"class":64},[50,158793,158794],{"class":146},"    # one item\n",[50,158796,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,158798,119],{"class":118},[50,158800,122],{"class":64},[50,158802,3678],{"class":125},[50,158804,779],{"class":64},[50,158806,3011],{"class":101},[50,158808,78],{"class":64},[50,158810,2157],{"class":101},[50,158812,872],{"class":64},[50,158814,158815],{"class":146},"  # slice\n",[50,158817,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,158819,119],{"class":118},[50,158821,122],{"class":64},[50,158823,3678],{"class":125},[50,158825,779],{"class":64},[50,158827,2157],{"class":101},[50,158829,78],{"class":64},[50,158831,2367],{"class":101},[50,158833,872],{"class":64},[50,158835,158836],{"class":146},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158838,2091],{},[41,158840,158842],{"className":43,"code":158841,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158843,158844,158848,158860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158845,158846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158847,71043],{"class":101},[50,158849,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158851,122],{"class":64},[50,158853,15755],{"class":101},[50,158855,89],{"class":64},[50,158857,7821],{"class":101},[50,158859,414],{"class":64},[50,158861,158862],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158863,8671],{"class":64},[20,158865,158866],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[41,158868,158870],{"className":43,"code":158869,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158871,158872,158892,158896],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158873,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158875,3647],{"class":56},[50,158877,61],{"class":60},[50,158879,9262],{"class":64},[50,158881,2352],{"class":101},[50,158883,89],{"class":64},[50,158885,7816],{"class":101},[50,158887,89],{"class":64},[50,158889,7821],{"class":101},[50,158891,414],{"class":64},[50,158893,158894],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158895,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158897,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158899,119],{"class":118},[50,158901,122],{"class":64},[50,158903,3678],{"class":125},[50,158905,779],{"class":64},[50,158907,2157],{"class":101},[50,158909,3911],{"class":64},[20,158911,158912,158913,158915,158916,129],{},"This raises an ",[15,158914,70550],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[380,158917,154653],{"href":158918},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[219,158920,15181],{"id":76961},[20,158922,158923],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[233,158925,158926,158929,158931,158934],{},[236,158927,158928],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[236,158930,60510],{},[236,158932,158933],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[236,158935,158936,158937],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158938,1215],{},[20,158940,158941],{},"Here are a few examples.",[811,158943,158945],{"id":158944},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[41,158947,158948],{"className":43,"code":157748,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,158949,158950,158978,158982],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158951,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158953,3647],{"class":56},[50,158955,61],{"class":60},[50,158957,9262],{"class":64},[50,158959,2352],{"class":101},[50,158961,89],{"class":64},[50,158963,7816],{"class":101},[50,158965,89],{"class":64},[50,158967,7821],{"class":101},[50,158969,89],{"class":64},[50,158971,50658],{"class":101},[50,158973,89],{"class":64},[50,158975,5103],{"class":101},[50,158977,414],{"class":64},[50,158979,158980],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158981,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158983,158984,158986,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158985,119],{"class":118},[50,158987,122],{"class":64},[50,158989,3678],{"class":125},[50,158991,779],{"class":64},[50,158993,3011],{"class":101},[50,158995,78],{"class":64},[50,158997,2527],{"class":101},[50,158999,3911],{"class":64},[20,159001,2091],{},[41,159003,159004],{"className":43,"code":157805,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159005,159006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159007,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159009,122],{"class":64},[50,159011,15755],{"class":101},[50,159013,89],{"class":64},[50,159015,7821],{"class":101},[50,159017,89],{"class":64},[50,159019,50658],{"class":101},[50,159021,414],{"class":64},[20,159023,132232,159024,159026],{},[15,159025,2527],{}," is not included.",[811,159028,159030],{"id":159029},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159032,4550],{},[41,159034,159036],{"className":43,"code":159035,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159037,159038,159062,159066],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159039,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159041,3647],{"class":56},[50,159043,61],{"class":60},[50,159045,9262],{"class":64},[50,159047,2352],{"class":101},[50,159049,89],{"class":64},[50,159051,7816],{"class":101},[50,159053,89],{"class":64},[50,159055,7821],{"class":101},[50,159057,89],{"class":64},[50,159059,50658],{"class":101},[50,159061,414],{"class":64},[50,159063,159064],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159065,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159067,159068],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159069,159070],{"class":146},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159072,159073],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[41,159075,159076],{"className":43,"code":154733,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159077,159078,159102,159106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159079,159080,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159081,3647],{"class":56},[50,159083,61],{"class":60},[50,159085,9262],{"class":64},[50,159087,2352],{"class":101},[50,159089,89],{"class":64},[50,159091,7816],{"class":101},[50,159093,89],{"class":64},[50,159095,7821],{"class":101},[50,159097,89],{"class":64},[50,159099,50658],{"class":101},[50,159101,414],{"class":64},[50,159103,159104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159105,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159107,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120,159122],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159109,119],{"class":118},[50,159111,122],{"class":64},[50,159113,3678],{"class":125},[50,159115,779],{"class":64},[50,159117,3011],{"class":101},[50,159119,78],{"class":64},[50,159121,2082],{"class":101},[50,159123,3911],{"class":64},[811,159125,159127],{"id":159126},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[41,159129,159131],{"className":43,"code":159130,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159132,159133,159157,159161,159176,159180,159191],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159134,159135,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159136,3647],{"class":56},[50,159138,61],{"class":60},[50,159140,9262],{"class":64},[50,159142,2352],{"class":101},[50,159144,89],{"class":64},[50,159146,7816],{"class":101},[50,159148,89],{"class":64},[50,159150,7821],{"class":101},[50,159152,89],{"class":64},[50,159154,50658],{"class":101},[50,159156,414],{"class":64},[50,159158,159159],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159160,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159162,159163,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159164,159165],{"class":56},"slice_result ",[50,159167,61],{"class":60},[50,159169,4287],{"class":56},[50,159171,75354],{"class":64},[50,159173,2076],{"class":101},[50,159175,788],{"class":64},[50,159177,159178],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,159179,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159181,159182,159184,159186,159189],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,159183,119],{"class":118},[50,159185,122],{"class":64},[50,159187,159188],{"class":125},"slice_result",[50,159190,414],{"class":64},[50,159192,159193,159195,159197,159199],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,159194,119],{"class":118},[50,159196,122],{"class":64},[50,159198,3678],{"class":125},[50,159200,414],{"class":64},[20,159202,2091],{},[41,159204,159206],{"className":43,"code":159205,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159207,159208,159220],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159209,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159211,122],{"class":64},[50,159213,2352],{"class":101},[50,159215,89],{"class":64},[50,159217,7816],{"class":101},[50,159219,414],{"class":64},[50,159221,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159223,122],{"class":64},[50,159225,2352],{"class":101},[50,159227,89],{"class":64},[50,159229,7816],{"class":101},[50,159231,89],{"class":64},[50,159233,7821],{"class":101},[50,159235,89],{"class":64},[50,159237,50658],{"class":101},[50,159239,414],{"class":64},[20,159241,159242],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[219,159244,113546],{"id":113545},[20,159246,159247],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[233,159249,159250,159253,159256,159262,159265],{},[236,159251,159252],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[236,159254,159255],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[236,159257,159258,159259],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159260,159261],{},"tuple[::0]",[236,159263,159264],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[236,159266,159267],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159269,159270],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[41,159272,159274],{"className":43,"code":159273,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159275,159276,159286,159304,159326],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159277,159278,159280,159282,159284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159279,119],{"class":118},[50,159281,122],{"class":64},[50,159283,147826],{"class":125},[50,159285,414],{"class":64},[50,159287,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159289,119],{"class":118},[50,159291,122],{"class":64},[50,159293,147826],{"class":125},[50,159295,779],{"class":64},[50,159297,3011],{"class":101},[50,159299,78],{"class":64},[50,159301,2527],{"class":101},[50,159303,3911],{"class":64},[50,159305,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314,159316,159318,159320,159322,159324],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159307,119],{"class":118},[50,159309,122],{"class":64},[50,159311,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159313,122],{"class":64},[50,159315,147826],{"class":125},[50,159317,779],{"class":64},[50,159319,3011],{"class":101},[50,159321,78],{"class":64},[50,159323,2527],{"class":101},[50,159325,3023],{"class":64},[50,159327,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,159329,119],{"class":118},[50,159331,122],{"class":64},[50,159333,11181],{"class":118},[50,159335,122],{"class":64},[50,159337,147826],{"class":125},[50,159339,1770],{"class":64},[20,159341,11190],{},[233,159343,159344,159346,159349,159352],{},[236,159345,155040],{},[236,159347,159348],{},"what the slice actually returns",[236,159350,159351],{},"that the result is a tuple",[236,159353,159354],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[219,159356,1857],{"id":1856},[811,159358,159360],{"id":159359},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159362,159363],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[811,159365,159367],{"id":159366},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159369,159370],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[811,159372,5164,159374,39770],{"id":159373},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159375,158193],{},[20,159377,159378],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[811,159380,159382,159383,1867],{"id":159381},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159384,70550],{},[20,159386,159387,159388,129],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159389,70550],{},[219,159391,1909],{"id":1908},[233,159393,159394,159398,159402,159406,159410],{},[236,159395,159396],{},[380,159397,155900],{"href":150787},[236,159399,159400],{},[380,159401,149481],{"href":152907},[236,159403,159404],{},[380,159405,150730],{"href":157064},[236,159407,159408],{},[380,159409,147808],{"href":157426},[236,159411,159412],{},[380,159413,154653],{"href":158918},[1944,159415,159416],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":159418},[159419,159420,159421,159422,159430,159434,159435,159440,159441,159446,159447,159455],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":157226,"depth":108,"text":157227},{"id":157429,"depth":108,"text":157430},{"id":75834,"depth":108,"text":75835,"children":159423},[159424,159426,159427,159428,159429],{"id":157587,"depth":115,"text":159425},"Get the first n items",{"id":157666,"depth":115,"text":157667},{"id":157744,"depth":115,"text":157745},{"id":157826,"depth":115,"text":157827},{"id":157908,"depth":115,"text":157909},{"id":76128,"depth":108,"text":76129,"children":159431},[159432,159433],{"id":158003,"depth":115,"text":158004},{"id":158087,"depth":115,"text":158088},{"id":158176,"depth":108,"text":158177},{"id":158428,"depth":108,"text":158429,"children":159436},[159437,159438,159439],{"id":158437,"depth":115,"text":158438},{"id":158553,"depth":115,"text":158554},{"id":158661,"depth":115,"text":158662},{"id":158727,"depth":108,"text":158728},{"id":76961,"depth":108,"text":15181,"children":159442},[159443,159444,159445],{"id":158944,"depth":115,"text":158945},{"id":159029,"depth":115,"text":159030},{"id":159126,"depth":115,"text":159127},{"id":113545,"depth":108,"text":113546},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":159448},[159449,159450,159451,159453],{"id":159359,"depth":115,"text":159360},{"id":159366,"depth":115,"text":159367},{"id":159373,"depth":115,"text":159452},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159381,"depth":115,"text":159454},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157070,"description":159456},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159463,"title":159464,"body":159465,"description":161288,"extension":1981,"meta":161289,"navigation":111,"path":34613,"seo":161290,"stem":161291,"__hash__":161292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159466,"toc":161254},[159467,159472,159477,159481,159499,159502,159517,159523,159525,159582,159584,159616,159628,159634,159639,159642,159677,159683,159685,159688,159702,159705,159707,159730,159732,159750,159753,159769,159771,159774,159887,159889,159978,159981,159986,159992,159995,159998,160097,160099,160158,160163,160166,160235,160239,160271,160287,160292,160299,160306,160318,160320,160369,160371,160394,160400,160448,160453,160460,160468,160474,160477,160501,160504,160506,160582,160584,160609,160615,160618,160623,160627,160641,160643,160706,160708,160740,160743,160759,160761,160767,160774,160776,160795,160797,160815,160822,160827,160834,160836,160873,160876,160883,160887,160890,160948,160951,160954,161009,161011,161023,161029,161031,161035,161068,161075,161077,161140,161143,161145,161150,161164,161171,161179,161188,161197,161203,161209,161211,161251],[10,159468,3603,159470,3607],{"id":159469},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159471,2323],{},[20,159473,32120,159474,159476],{},[15,159475,2323],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159478,62585,159479,104390],{},[15,159480,2323],{},[233,159482,159483,159486,159489,159492],{},[236,159484,159485],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[236,159487,159488],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[236,159490,159491],{},"debug confusing code",[236,159493,159494,159495],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[380,159496,159497],{"href":8245},[15,159498,2980],{},[20,159500,159501],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[41,159503,159505],{"className":43,"code":159504,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"type(object)\n",[15,159506,159507],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159508,159509,159511,159513,159515],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159510,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159512,122],{"class":64},[50,159514,42210],{"class":1779},[50,159516,414],{"class":64},[20,159518,159519,159520,159522],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159521,2323],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[219,159524,3637],{"id":3636},[41,159526,159528],{"className":43,"code":159527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159529,159530,159542,159556,159560,159568],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159531,159532,159534,159536,159538,159540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159533,7903],{"class":56},[50,159535,61],{"class":60},[50,159537,81],{"class":68},[50,159539,5027],{"class":72},[50,159541,3384],{"class":68},[50,159543,159544,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159545,119],{"class":118},[50,159547,122],{"class":64},[50,159549,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159551,122],{"class":64},[50,159553,73],{"class":125},[50,159555,1770],{"class":64},[50,159557,159558],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159559,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159561,159562,159564,159566],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,159563,2237],{"class":56},[50,159565,61],{"class":60},[50,159567,2610],{"class":101},[50,159569,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,159571,119],{"class":118},[50,159573,122],{"class":64},[50,159575,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159577,122],{"class":64},[50,159579,2260],{"class":125},[50,159581,1770],{"class":64},[20,159583,2091],{},[41,159585,159586],{"className":43,"code":124893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159587,159588,159602],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159589,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159591,3315],{"class":60},[50,159593,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159595,3321],{"class":68},[50,159597,3470],{"class":72},[50,159599,1736],{"class":68},[50,159601,3328],{"class":60},[50,159603,159604,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159605,3315],{"class":60},[50,159607,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159609,3321],{"class":68},[50,159611,2209],{"class":72},[50,159613,1736],{"class":68},[50,159615,3328],{"class":60},[20,159617,212,159618,159621,159622,1846,159625,129],{},[15,159619,159620],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159623,159624],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159626,159627],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[219,159629,13005,159631,159633],{"id":159630},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159632,2323],{}," function does",[20,159635,159636,159638],{},[15,159637,2323],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159640,159641],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[233,159643,159644,159649,159654,159659,159664,159669],{},[236,159645,159646,159648],{},[15,159647,3470],{}," for text",[236,159650,159651,159653],{},[15,159652,2209],{}," for whole numbers",[236,159655,159656,159658],{},[15,159657,2212],{}," for decimal numbers",[236,159660,159661,159663],{},[15,159662,8119],{}," for lists",[236,159665,159666,159668],{},[15,159667,8850],{}," for dictionaries",[236,159670,159671,68914,159673,1846,159675],{},[15,159672,3891],{},[15,159674,3632],{},[15,159676,3702],{},[20,159678,159679,159680,159682],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159681,2323],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[219,159684,387],{"id":386},[20,159686,159687],{},"The main beginner form is:",[41,159689,159690],{"className":43,"code":159504,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159691,159692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159693,159694,159696,159698,159700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159695,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159697,122],{"class":64},[50,159699,42210],{"class":1779},[50,159701,414],{"class":64},[20,159703,159704],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159706,253],{},[41,159708,159710],{"className":43,"code":159709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159711,159712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159713,159714,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159715,119],{"class":118},[50,159717,122],{"class":64},[50,159719,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159721,122],{"class":64},[50,159723,69],{"class":68},[50,159725,3870],{"class":72},[50,159727,69],{"class":68},[50,159729,1770],{"class":64},[20,159731,2091],{},[41,159733,159734],{"className":43,"code":45583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159735,159736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159737,159738,159740,159742,159744,159746,159748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159739,3315],{"class":60},[50,159741,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159743,3321],{"class":68},[50,159745,3470],{"class":72},[50,159747,1736],{"class":68},[50,159749,3328],{"class":60},[20,159751,159752],{},"You can pass either:",[233,159754,159755,159762],{},[236,159756,159757,159758,2901,159760],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159759,64353],{},[15,159761,46339],{},[236,159763,159764,159765,2901,159767],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159766,73],{},[15,159768,94],{},[219,159770,121705],{"id":121704},[20,159772,159773],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[41,159775,159777],{"className":43,"code":159776,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159778,159779,159797,159811,159825,159847,159873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159780,159781,159783,159785,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159782,119],{"class":118},[50,159784,122],{"class":64},[50,159786,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159788,122],{"class":64},[50,159790,69],{"class":68},[50,159792,3870],{"class":72},[50,159794,69],{"class":68},[50,159796,1770],{"class":64},[50,159798,159799,159801,159803,159805,159807,159809],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159800,119],{"class":118},[50,159802,122],{"class":64},[50,159804,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159806,122],{"class":64},[50,159808,2352],{"class":101},[50,159810,1770],{"class":64},[50,159812,159813,159815,159817,159819,159821,159823],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159814,119],{"class":118},[50,159816,122],{"class":64},[50,159818,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159820,122],{"class":64},[50,159822,39953],{"class":101},[50,159824,1770],{"class":64},[50,159826,159827,159829,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841,159843,159845],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,159828,119],{"class":118},[50,159830,122],{"class":64},[50,159832,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159834,3008],{"class":64},[50,159836,3011],{"class":101},[50,159838,89],{"class":64},[50,159840,3016],{"class":101},[50,159842,89],{"class":64},[50,159844,2473],{"class":101},[50,159846,3023],{"class":64},[50,159848,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,159850,119],{"class":118},[50,159852,122],{"class":64},[50,159854,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159856,5553],{"class":64},[50,159858,69],{"class":68},[50,159860,73],{"class":72},[50,159862,69],{"class":68},[50,159864,78],{"class":64},[50,159866,81],{"class":68},[50,159868,5027],{"class":72},[50,159870,69],{"class":68},[50,159872,5562],{"class":64},[50,159874,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,159876,119],{"class":118},[50,159878,122],{"class":64},[50,159880,1780],{"class":1779},[50,159882,122],{"class":64},[50,159884,3632],{"class":1494},[50,159886,1770],{"class":64},[20,159888,2091],{},[41,159890,159892],{"className":43,"code":159891,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159893,159894,159908,159922,159936,159950,159964],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159895,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159897,3315],{"class":60},[50,159899,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159901,3321],{"class":68},[50,159903,3470],{"class":72},[50,159905,1736],{"class":68},[50,159907,3328],{"class":60},[50,159909,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159920],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159911,3315],{"class":60},[50,159913,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159915,3321],{"class":68},[50,159917,2209],{"class":72},[50,159919,1736],{"class":68},[50,159921,3328],{"class":60},[50,159923,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159925,3315],{"class":60},[50,159927,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159929,3321],{"class":68},[50,159931,2212],{"class":72},[50,159933,1736],{"class":68},[50,159935,3328],{"class":60},[50,159937,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,159939,3315],{"class":60},[50,159941,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159943,3321],{"class":68},[50,159945,8119],{"class":72},[50,159947,1736],{"class":68},[50,159949,3328],{"class":60},[50,159951,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,159953,3315],{"class":60},[50,159955,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159957,3321],{"class":68},[50,159959,8850],{"class":72},[50,159961,1736],{"class":68},[50,159963,3328],{"class":60},[50,159965,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,159967,3315],{"class":60},[50,159969,3318],{"class":2085},[50,159971,3321],{"class":68},[50,159973,3891],{"class":72},[50,159975,1736],{"class":68},[50,159977,3328],{"class":60},[20,159979,159980],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159982,159983,159984,129],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[380,159985,44610],{"href":48792},[219,159987,8444,159989,159991],{"id":159988},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159990,2323],{}," with variables",[20,159993,159994],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159996,159997],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[41,159999,160001],{"className":43,"code":160000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160002,160003,160011,160029,160033,160045,160063,160067,160079],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160004,160005,160007,160009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160006,2468],{"class":56},[50,160008,61],{"class":60},[50,160010,2610],{"class":101},[50,160012,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160014,119],{"class":118},[50,160016,122],{"class":64},[50,160018,2495],{"class":125},[50,160020,89],{"class":64},[50,160022,49204],{"class":1779},[50,160024,122],{"class":64},[50,160026,2495],{"class":125},[50,160028,1770],{"class":64},[50,160030,160031],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160032,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160036,2468],{"class":56},[50,160038,61],{"class":60},[50,160040,81],{"class":68},[50,160042,45720],{"class":72},[50,160044,3384],{"class":68},[50,160046,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,160048,119],{"class":118},[50,160050,122],{"class":64},[50,160052,2495],{"class":125},[50,160054,89],{"class":64},[50,160056,49204],{"class":1779},[50,160058,122],{"class":64},[50,160060,2495],{"class":125},[50,160062,1770],{"class":64},[50,160064,160065],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,160066,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160068,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,160070,2468],{"class":56},[50,160072,61],{"class":60},[50,160074,3652],{"class":64},[50,160076,2352],{"class":101},[50,160078,788],{"class":64},[50,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095],{"class":52,"line":6450},[50,160082,119],{"class":118},[50,160084,122],{"class":64},[50,160086,2495],{"class":125},[50,160088,89],{"class":64},[50,160090,49204],{"class":1779},[50,160092,122],{"class":64},[50,160094,2495],{"class":125},[50,160096,1770],{"class":64},[20,160098,2091],{},[41,160100,160102],{"className":43,"code":160101,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160103,160104,160121,160138],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160105,160106,160108,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160107,2352],{"class":101},[50,160109,160110],{"class":60}," \u003C",[50,160112,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160114,3321],{"class":68},[50,160116,2209],{"class":72},[50,160118,1736],{"class":68},[50,160120,3328],{"class":60},[50,160122,160123,160126,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160124,160125],{"class":56},"ten ",[50,160127,3315],{"class":60},[50,160129,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160131,3321],{"class":68},[50,160133,3470],{"class":72},[50,160135,1736],{"class":68},[50,160137,3328],{"class":60},[50,160139,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160141,779],{"class":64},[50,160143,2352],{"class":101},[50,160145,13281],{"class":64},[50,160147,160110],{"class":60},[50,160149,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160151,3321],{"class":68},[50,160153,8119],{"class":72},[50,160155,1736],{"class":68},[50,160157,3328],{"class":60},[20,160159,160160,160162],{},[15,160161,2323],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160164,160165],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[41,160167,160169],{"className":43,"code":160168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160170,160171,160189,160203,160207,160221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160172,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160174,3417],{"class":56},[50,160176,61],{"class":60},[50,160178,8268],{"class":118},[50,160180,122],{"class":64},[50,160182,69],{"class":68},[50,160184,41682],{"class":72},[50,160186,69],{"class":68},[50,160188,414],{"class":64},[50,160190,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160192,119],{"class":118},[50,160194,122],{"class":64},[50,160196,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160198,122],{"class":64},[50,160200,3444],{"class":125},[50,160202,1770],{"class":64},[50,160204,160205],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160206,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160208,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160210,122817],{"class":56},[50,160212,61],{"class":60},[50,160214,45089],{"class":1779},[50,160216,122],{"class":64},[50,160218,3444],{"class":125},[50,160220,414],{"class":64},[50,160222,160223,160225,160227,160229,160231,160233],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,160224,119],{"class":118},[50,160226,122],{"class":64},[50,160228,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160230,122],{"class":64},[50,160232,122840],{"class":125},[50,160234,1770],{"class":64},[20,160236,40931,160237,40935],{},[15,160238,9220],{},[41,160240,160241],{"className":43,"code":124893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160242,160243,160257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160244,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160246,3315],{"class":60},[50,160248,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160250,3321],{"class":68},[50,160252,3470],{"class":72},[50,160254,1736],{"class":68},[50,160256,3328],{"class":60},[50,160258,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267,160269],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160260,3315],{"class":60},[50,160262,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160264,3321],{"class":68},[50,160266,2209],{"class":72},[50,160268,1736],{"class":68},[50,160270,3328],{"class":60},[20,160272,45516,160273,160277,160278,2901,160282,160286],{},[380,160274,160275],{"href":8245},[15,160276,2980],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[380,160279,160280],{"href":2897},[15,160281,2900],{},[380,160283,160284],{"href":2904},[15,160285,2907],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160288,160289,160290,129],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[380,160291,9010],{"href":9009},[219,160293,160295,10608,160297],{"id":160294},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160296,2323],{},[15,160298,44618],{},[20,160300,160301,1846,160303,160305],{},[15,160302,2323],{},[15,160304,44618],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[233,160307,160308,160313],{},[236,160309,160310,160312],{},[15,160311,2323],{}," tells you the exact type",[236,160314,160315,160317],{},[15,160316,44618],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160319,253],{},[41,160321,160323],{"className":43,"code":160322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160324,160325,160333,160337,160351],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160326,160327,160329,160331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160328,2468],{"class":56},[50,160330,61],{"class":60},[50,160332,34647],{"class":101},[50,160334,160335],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160336,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160338,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160340,119],{"class":118},[50,160342,122],{"class":64},[50,160344,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160346,122],{"class":64},[50,160348,2495],{"class":125},[50,160350,1770],{"class":64},[50,160352,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363,160365,160367],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160354,119],{"class":118},[50,160356,122],{"class":64},[50,160358,48689],{"class":118},[50,160360,122],{"class":64},[50,160362,2495],{"class":125},[50,160364,89],{"class":64},[50,160366,45089],{"class":1779},[50,160368,1770],{"class":64},[20,160370,2091],{},[41,160372,160374],{"className":43,"code":160373,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160375,160376,160390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160377,160378,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160379,3315],{"class":60},[50,160381,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160383,3321],{"class":68},[50,160385,2209],{"class":72},[50,160387,1736],{"class":68},[50,160389,3328],{"class":60},[50,160391,160392],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160393,4002],{"class":1494},[20,160395,160396,160397,160399],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160398,44618],{}," is more practical.",[41,160401,160403],{"className":43,"code":160402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160404,160405,160413,160417,160433],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160406,160407,160409,160411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160408,2468],{"class":56},[50,160410,61],{"class":60},[50,160412,34647],{"class":101},[50,160414,160415],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160416,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160418,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160420,7023],{"class":1622},[50,160422,49427],{"class":118},[50,160424,122],{"class":64},[50,160426,2495],{"class":125},[50,160428,89],{"class":64},[50,160430,45089],{"class":1779},[50,160432,8368],{"class":64},[50,160434,160435,160437,160439,160441,160444,160446],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160436,8094],{"class":118},[50,160438,122],{"class":64},[50,160440,69],{"class":68},[50,160442,160443],{"class":72},"This is an integer",[50,160445,69],{"class":68},[50,160447,414],{"class":64},[20,160449,212,160450,160452],{},[15,160451,2323],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160454,212,160455,160457,160458,7198],{},[15,160456,44618],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160459,7023],{},[20,160461,160462,160463,129],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[380,160464,3603,160466,3536],{"href":160465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160467,44618],{},[219,160469,160471,160472],{"id":160470},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160473,2323],{},[20,160475,160476],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[41,160478,160480],{"className":43,"code":160479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160481,160482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160483,160484,160486,160488,160490,160492,160495,160497,160499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160485,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160487,122],{"class":64},[50,160489,73],{"class":125},[50,160491,89],{"class":64},[50,160493,160494],{"class":125}," bases",[50,160496,89],{"class":64},[50,160498,9197],{"class":1779},[50,160500,414],{"class":64},[20,160502,160503],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160505,253],{},[41,160507,160509],{"className":43,"code":160508,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160510,160511,160554,160558,160568],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160512,160513,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524,160527,160529,160531,160534,160536,160538,160541,160543,160545,160547,160550,160552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160514,160515],{"class":56},"Person ",[50,160517,61],{"class":60},[50,160519,49204],{"class":1779},[50,160521,122],{"class":64},[50,160523,69],{"class":68},[50,160525,160526],{"class":72},"Person",[50,160528,69],{"class":68},[50,160530,89],{"class":64},[50,160532,160533],{"class":64}," (),",[50,160535,65],{"class":64},[50,160537,69],{"class":68},[50,160539,160540],{"class":72},"species",[50,160542,69],{"class":68},[50,160544,78],{"class":64},[50,160546,81],{"class":68},[50,160548,160549],{"class":72},"human",[50,160551,69],{"class":68},[50,160553,30298],{"class":64},[50,160555,160556],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160557,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160559,160560,160562,160564,160566],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160561,119],{"class":118},[50,160563,122],{"class":64},[50,160565,160526],{"class":125},[50,160567,414],{"class":64},[50,160569,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578,160580],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160571,119],{"class":118},[50,160573,122],{"class":64},[50,160575,160526],{"class":125},[50,160577,129],{"class":64},[50,160579,160540],{"class":24549},[50,160581,414],{"class":64},[20,160583,2091],{},[41,160585,160587],{"className":43,"code":160586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160588,160589,160604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160590,160591,160593,160595,160597,160600,160602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160592,3315],{"class":60},[50,160594,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160596,3321],{"class":68},[50,160598,160599],{"class":72},"__main__.Person",[50,160601,1736],{"class":68},[50,160603,3328],{"class":60},[50,160605,160606],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160607,160608],{"class":56},"human\n",[20,160610,160611,160612,160614],{},"Most beginners do ",[997,160613,1262],{}," need this form.",[20,160616,160617],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[219,160619,582,160621],{"id":160620},"when-to-use-type",[15,160622,2323],{},[20,160624,160625,12458],{},[15,160626,2323],{},[233,160628,160629,160632,160635,160638],{},[236,160630,160631],{},"debug unexpected values",[236,160633,160634],{},"check what a conversion produced",[236,160636,160637],{},"learn Python data types",[236,160639,160640],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160642,5495],{},[41,160644,160646],{"className":43,"code":160645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160647,160648,160660,160674,160678,160692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160649,160650,160652,160654,160656,160658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160651,34492],{"class":56},[50,160653,61],{"class":60},[50,160655,81],{"class":68},[50,160657,50060],{"class":72},[50,160659,3384],{"class":68},[50,160661,160662,160664,160666,160668,160670,160672],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160663,2237],{"class":56},[50,160665,61],{"class":60},[50,160667,45089],{"class":1779},[50,160669,122],{"class":64},[50,160671,34513],{"class":125},[50,160673,414],{"class":64},[50,160675,160676],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160677,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160679,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160681,119],{"class":118},[50,160683,122],{"class":64},[50,160685,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160687,122],{"class":64},[50,160689,34513],{"class":125},[50,160691,1770],{"class":64},[50,160693,160694,160696,160698,160700,160702,160704],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,160695,119],{"class":118},[50,160697,122],{"class":64},[50,160699,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160701,122],{"class":64},[50,160703,2260],{"class":125},[50,160705,1770],{"class":64},[20,160707,2091],{},[41,160709,160710],{"className":43,"code":124893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160711,160712,160726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160713,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722,160724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160715,3315],{"class":60},[50,160717,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160719,3321],{"class":68},[50,160721,3470],{"class":72},[50,160723,1736],{"class":68},[50,160725,3328],{"class":60},[50,160727,160728,160730,160732,160734,160736,160738],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160729,3315],{"class":60},[50,160731,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160733,3321],{"class":68},[50,160735,2209],{"class":72},[50,160737,1736],{"class":68},[50,160739,3328],{"class":60},[20,160741,160742],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160744,160745,160746,32,160750,17069,160754,160758],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[380,160747,160748],{"href":41986},[15,160749,47497],{},[380,160751,160752],{"href":2897},[15,160753,2900],{},[380,160755,160756],{"href":2904},[15,160757,2907],{}," are often the next step.",[219,160760,25157],{"id":25156},[20,160762,160763,160764,160766],{},"A few things about ",[15,160765,2323],{}," often confuse beginners.",[811,160768,160770,160773],{"id":160769},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160771,160772],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160775,64462],{},[41,160777,160779],{"className":43,"code":160778,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160780,160781],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160782,160783,160785,160787,160789,160791,160793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160784,119],{"class":118},[50,160786,122],{"class":64},[50,160788,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160790,122],{"class":64},[50,160792,2157],{"class":101},[50,160794,1770],{"class":64},[20,160796,122736],{},[41,160798,160799],{"className":43,"code":156248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160800,160801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160802,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160804,3315],{"class":60},[50,160806,3318],{"class":2085},[50,160808,3321],{"class":68},[50,160810,2209],{"class":72},[50,160812,1736],{"class":68},[50,160814,3328],{"class":60},[20,160816,40716,160817,160819,160820,129],{},[997,160818,1262],{}," print just ",[15,160821,2209],{},[20,160823,6702,160824,160826],{},[15,160825,2323],{}," returns a class object.",[811,160828,160830,35,160832],{"id":160829},"input-returns-str",[15,160831,2980],{},[15,160833,3470],{},[20,160835,79361],{},[41,160837,160839],{"className":43,"code":160838,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160840,160841,160859],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160842,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160844,2468],{"class":56},[50,160846,61],{"class":60},[50,160848,8268],{"class":118},[50,160850,122],{"class":64},[50,160852,69],{"class":68},[50,160854,46123],{"class":72},[50,160856,69],{"class":68},[50,160858,414],{"class":64},[50,160860,160861,160863,160865,160867,160869,160871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160862,119],{"class":118},[50,160864,122],{"class":64},[50,160866,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160868,122],{"class":64},[50,160870,2495],{"class":125},[50,160872,1770],{"class":64},[20,160874,160875],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160877,160878,160879,2901,160881,129],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160880,2900],{},[15,160882,2907],{},[811,160884,160886],{"id":160885},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160888,160889],{},"Avoid code like this:",[41,160891,160893],{"className":43,"code":160892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160894,160895,160903,160907,160933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160896,160897,160899,160901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160898,2468],{"class":56},[50,160900,61],{"class":60},[50,160902,34647],{"class":101},[50,160904,160905],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160906,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160908,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917,160919,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160910,7023],{"class":1622},[50,160912,48718],{"class":1779},[50,160914,122],{"class":64},[50,160916,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160918,122],{"class":64},[50,160920,2495],{"class":125},[50,160922,143],{"class":64},[50,160924,6432],{"class":60},[50,160926,81],{"class":68},[50,160928,159627],{"class":72},[50,160930,69],{"class":68},[50,160932,6417],{"class":64},[50,160934,160935,160937,160939,160941,160944,160946],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160936,8094],{"class":118},[50,160938,122],{"class":64},[50,160940,69],{"class":68},[50,160942,160943],{"class":72},"It is an int",[50,160945,69],{"class":68},[50,160947,414],{"class":64},[20,160949,160950],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160952,160953],{},"Better options:",[41,160955,160957],{"className":43,"code":160956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160958,160959,160967,160971,160991],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160960,160961,160963,160965],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160962,2468],{"class":56},[50,160964,61],{"class":60},[50,160966,34647],{"class":101},[50,160968,160969],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160970,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160972,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160974,119],{"class":118},[50,160976,122],{"class":64},[50,160978,1780],{"class":1779},[50,160980,122],{"class":64},[50,160982,2495],{"class":125},[50,160984,1206],{"class":64},[50,160986,6432],{"class":60},[50,160988,45089],{"class":1779},[50,160990,414],{"class":64},[50,160992,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,160994,119],{"class":118},[50,160996,122],{"class":64},[50,160998,48689],{"class":118},[50,161000,122],{"class":64},[50,161002,2495],{"class":125},[50,161004,89],{"class":64},[50,161006,45089],{"class":1779},[50,161008,1770],{"class":64},[20,161010,2091],{},[41,161012,161013],{"className":43,"code":4529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,161014,161015,161019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161016,161017],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161018,4002],{"class":1494},[50,161020,161021],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161022,4002],{"class":1494},[20,161024,161025,161026,161028],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161027,44618],{}," is the more useful check.",[219,161030,1663],{"id":1662},[20,161032,14738,161033,78],{},[15,161034,2323],{},[233,161036,161037,161047,161056,161065],{},[236,161038,8444,161039,161041,161042,161046],{},[15,161040,2323],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[380,161043,161044],{"href":8245},[15,161045,2980],{}," always returns a string",[236,161048,8480,161049,161051,161052,11111,161054],{},[15,161050,2323],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161053,2209],{},[15,161055,159627],{},[236,161057,8444,161058,44442,161061,161064],{},[15,161059,161060],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161062,161063],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[236,161066,161067],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161069,161070,161071,129],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[380,161072,161074],{"href":161073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161076,144402],{},[41,161078,161080],{"className":43,"code":161079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161081,161082,161096,161106,161120,161130],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161083,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161085,119],{"class":118},[50,161087,122],{"class":64},[50,161089,1780],{"class":1779},[50,161091,122],{"class":64},[50,161093,2495],{"class":125},[50,161095,1770],{"class":64},[50,161097,161098,161100,161102,161104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161099,119],{"class":118},[50,161101,122],{"class":64},[50,161103,2495],{"class":125},[50,161105,414],{"class":64},[50,161107,161108,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161109,119],{"class":118},[50,161111,122],{"class":64},[50,161113,41590],{"class":118},[50,161115,122],{"class":64},[50,161117,2495],{"class":125},[50,161119,1770],{"class":64},[50,161121,161122,161124,161126,161128],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,161123,31955],{"class":118},[50,161125,122],{"class":64},[50,161127,1780],{"class":1779},[50,161129,414],{"class":64},[50,161131,161132,161134,161136,161138],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,161133,34176],{"class":118},[50,161135,122],{"class":64},[50,161137,2495],{"class":125},[50,161139,414],{"class":64},[20,161141,161142],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[219,161144,1857],{"id":1856},[811,161146,5164,161148,5167],{"id":161147},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161149,2323],{},[20,161151,161152,161153,32,161155,32,161157,2213,161159,161161,161162,129],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161154,3470],{},[15,161156,2209],{},[15,161158,8119],{},[15,161160,8850],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161163,159624],{},[811,161165,14907,161167,57022,161169,1867],{"id":161166},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161168,2323],{},[15,161170,44618],{},[20,161172,46178,161173,161175,161176,161178],{},[15,161174,2323],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161177,44618],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[811,161180,5180,161182,161185,161186,1867],{"id":161181},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161183,161184],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161187,3470],{},[20,161189,28862,161190,161192,161193,2901,161195,160286],{},[15,161191,2980],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161194,2900],{},[15,161196,2907],{},[811,161198,5192,161200,161202],{"id":161199},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161201,2323],{}," create classes?",[20,161204,161205,161206,129],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161207,161208],{},"type(object)",[219,161210,1909],{"id":1908},[233,161212,161213,161217,161223,161229,161233,161239,161245],{},[236,161214,161215],{},[380,161216,44610],{"href":48792},[236,161218,161219],{},[380,161220,3603,161221,3536],{"href":160465},[15,161222,44618],{},[236,161224,161225],{},[380,161226,3603,161227,3536],{"href":8245},[15,161228,2980],{},[236,161230,161231],{},[380,161232,9087],{"href":9009},[236,161234,161235],{},[380,161236,3603,161237,3536],{"href":2897},[15,161238,2900],{},[236,161240,161241],{},[380,161242,3603,161243,3536],{"href":2904},[15,161244,2907],{},[236,161246,161247],{},[380,161248,3603,161249,3536],{"href":41986},[15,161250,47497],{},[1944,161252,161253],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":161255},[161256,161257,161259,161260,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161276,161277,161287],{"id":3636,"depth":108,"text":3637},{"id":159630,"depth":108,"text":161258},"What the type() function does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":121704,"depth":108,"text":121705},{"id":159988,"depth":108,"text":161262},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160294,"depth":108,"text":161264},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160470,"depth":108,"text":161266},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160620,"depth":108,"text":161268},"When to use type()",{"id":25156,"depth":108,"text":25157,"children":161270},[161271,161273,161275],{"id":160769,"depth":115,"text":161272},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160829,"depth":115,"text":161274},"input() returns str",{"id":160885,"depth":115,"text":160886},{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":161278},[161279,161281,161283,161285],{"id":161147,"depth":115,"text":161280},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161166,"depth":115,"text":161282},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161181,"depth":115,"text":161284},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161199,"depth":115,"text":161286},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159464,"description":161288},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161294,"title":161295,"body":161296,"description":163775,"extension":1981,"meta":163776,"navigation":111,"path":163777,"seo":163778,"stem":163779,"__hash__":163780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161297,"toc":163732},[161298,161303,161308,161317,161319,161419,161421,161446,161451,161456,161472,161475,161477,161479,161504,161507,161510,161593,161595,161644,161647,161769,161771,161844,161848,161851,161965,161967,161993,161995,162016,162021,162025,162030,162033,162137,162139,162156,162165,162168,162255,162257,162268,162273,162279,162284,162290,162293,162386,162388,162437,162443,162446,162547,162549,162602,162607,162611,162614,162713,162715,162754,162757,162762,162764,162769,162773,162886,162890,162987,162991,163079,163081,163098,163102,163225,163231,163237,163243,163248,163251,163278,163282,163284,163378,163381,163385,163388,163475,163478,163513,163515,163552,163555,163563,163568,163573,163647,163654,163656,163661,163664,163670,163673,163679,163684,163690,163695,163699,163702,163704,163729],[10,161299,3603,161301,3607],{"id":161300},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161302,64138],{},[20,161304,161305,161307],{},[15,161306,64138],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161309,161310,161311,161313,161314,161316],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161312,64138],{}," inside a ",[15,161315,5982],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[219,161318,2022],{"id":2021},[41,161320,161322],{"className":43,"code":161321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161323,161324,161356,161376,161380,161405],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161325,161326,161328,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161327,5018],{"class":56},[50,161329,61],{"class":60},[50,161331,3652],{"class":64},[50,161333,69],{"class":68},[50,161335,84],{"class":72},[50,161337,69],{"class":68},[50,161339,89],{"class":64},[50,161341,81],{"class":68},[50,161343,35747],{"class":72},[50,161345,69],{"class":68},[50,161347,89],{"class":64},[50,161349,81],{"class":68},[50,161351,35756],{"class":72},[50,161353,69],{"class":68},[50,161355,788],{"class":64},[50,161357,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161359,1128],{"class":56},[50,161361,61],{"class":60},[50,161363,3652],{"class":64},[50,161365,13510],{"class":101},[50,161367,89],{"class":64},[50,161369,13515],{"class":101},[50,161371,89],{"class":64},[50,161373,28721],{"class":101},[50,161375,788],{"class":64},[50,161377,161378],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161379,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161381,161382,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,161383,5982],{"class":1622},[50,161385,35798],{"class":56},[50,161387,89],{"class":64},[50,161389,5128],{"class":56},[50,161391,1562],{"class":1622},[50,161393,161394],{"class":118}," zip",[50,161396,122],{"class":64},[50,161398,5062],{"class":125},[50,161400,89],{"class":64},[50,161402,1174],{"class":125},[50,161404,8368],{"class":64},[50,161406,161407,161409,161411,161413,161415,161417],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,161408,8094],{"class":118},[50,161410,122],{"class":64},[50,161412,73],{"class":125},[50,161414,89],{"class":64},[50,161416,130682],{"class":125},[50,161418,414],{"class":64},[20,161420,2091],{},[41,161422,161424],{"className":43,"code":161423,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161425,161426,161432,161439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161427,161428,161430],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161429,133701],{"class":56},[50,161431,32939],{"class":101},[50,161433,161434,161437],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161435,161436],{"class":56},"Ben ",[50,161438,32944],{"class":101},[50,161440,161441,161444],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161442,161443],{"class":56},"Cara ",[50,161445,32949],{"class":101},[20,161447,212,161448,161450],{},[15,161449,64138],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[219,161452,222,161454,225],{"id":161453},"what-zip-does",[15,161455,64138],{},[233,161457,161458,161463,161466,161469],{},[236,161459,161460,161462],{},[15,161461,64138],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[236,161464,161465],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[236,161467,161468],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[236,161470,161471],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161473,161474],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[219,161476,387],{"id":386},[20,161478,7243],{},[41,161480,161482],{"className":43,"code":161481,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161483,161484],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161485,161486,161488,161490,161493,161495,161498,161500,161502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161487,64208],{"class":118},[50,161489,122],{"class":64},[50,161491,161492],{"class":125},"iterable1",[50,161494,89],{"class":64},[50,161496,161497],{"class":125}," iterable2",[50,161499,89],{"class":64},[50,161501,34258],{"class":118},[50,161503,414],{"class":64},[20,161505,161506],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161508,161509],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[41,161511,161513],{"className":43,"code":161512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161514,161515,161535,161567,161571],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161516,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161518,3647],{"class":56},[50,161520,61],{"class":60},[50,161522,3652],{"class":64},[50,161524,3011],{"class":101},[50,161526,89],{"class":64},[50,161528,3016],{"class":101},[50,161530,89],{"class":64},[50,161532,2473],{"class":101},[50,161534,788],{"class":64},[50,161536,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161538,35897],{"class":56},[50,161540,61],{"class":60},[50,161542,3652],{"class":64},[50,161544,69],{"class":68},[50,161546,380],{"class":72},[50,161548,69],{"class":68},[50,161550,89],{"class":64},[50,161552,81],{"class":68},[50,161554,4784],{"class":72},[50,161556,69],{"class":68},[50,161558,89],{"class":64},[50,161560,81],{"class":68},[50,161562,9763],{"class":72},[50,161564,69],{"class":68},[50,161566,788],{"class":64},[50,161568,161569],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161570,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161572,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,161574,119],{"class":118},[50,161576,122],{"class":64},[50,161578,8119],{"class":1779},[50,161580,122],{"class":64},[50,161582,64208],{"class":118},[50,161584,122],{"class":64},[50,161586,3678],{"class":125},[50,161588,89],{"class":64},[50,161590,69915],{"class":125},[50,161592,1799],{"class":64},[20,161594,2091],{},[41,161596,161598],{"className":43,"code":161597,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161599,161600],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161601,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161603,21538],{"class":64},[50,161605,3011],{"class":101},[50,161607,89],{"class":64},[50,161609,3321],{"class":68},[50,161611,380],{"class":72},[50,161613,1736],{"class":68},[50,161615,9259],{"class":64},[50,161617,9262],{"class":64},[50,161619,2076],{"class":101},[50,161621,89],{"class":64},[50,161623,3321],{"class":68},[50,161625,4784],{"class":72},[50,161627,1736],{"class":68},[50,161629,9259],{"class":64},[50,161631,9262],{"class":64},[50,161633,2082],{"class":101},[50,161635,89],{"class":64},[50,161637,3321],{"class":68},[50,161639,9763],{"class":72},[50,161641,1736],{"class":68},[50,161643,9275],{"class":64},[20,161645,161646],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[41,161648,161650],{"className":43,"code":161649,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161651,161652,161684,161704,161738,161742],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161653,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161655,5018],{"class":56},[50,161657,61],{"class":60},[50,161659,3652],{"class":64},[50,161661,69],{"class":68},[50,161663,84],{"class":72},[50,161665,69],{"class":68},[50,161667,89],{"class":64},[50,161669,81],{"class":68},[50,161671,35747],{"class":72},[50,161673,69],{"class":68},[50,161675,89],{"class":64},[50,161677,81],{"class":68},[50,161679,35756],{"class":72},[50,161681,69],{"class":68},[50,161683,788],{"class":64},[50,161685,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161687,1128],{"class":56},[50,161689,61],{"class":60},[50,161691,3652],{"class":64},[50,161693,13510],{"class":101},[50,161695,89],{"class":64},[50,161697,13515],{"class":101},[50,161699,89],{"class":64},[50,161701,28721],{"class":101},[50,161703,788],{"class":64},[50,161705,161706,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161734,161736],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161707,161708],{"class":56},"grades ",[50,161710,61],{"class":60},[50,161712,3652],{"class":64},[50,161714,69],{"class":68},[50,161716,22043],{"class":72},[50,161718,69],{"class":68},[50,161720,89],{"class":64},[50,161722,81],{"class":68},[50,161724,30402],{"class":72},[50,161726,69],{"class":68},[50,161728,89],{"class":64},[50,161730,81],{"class":68},[50,161732,161733],{"class":72},"B+",[50,161735,69],{"class":68},[50,161737,788],{"class":64},[50,161739,161740],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,161741,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161743,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161767],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,161745,119],{"class":118},[50,161747,122],{"class":64},[50,161749,8119],{"class":1779},[50,161751,122],{"class":64},[50,161753,64208],{"class":118},[50,161755,122],{"class":64},[50,161757,5062],{"class":125},[50,161759,89],{"class":64},[50,161761,1174],{"class":125},[50,161763,89],{"class":64},[50,161765,161766],{"class":125}," grades",[50,161768,1799],{"class":64},[20,161770,2091],{},[41,161772,161774],{"className":43,"code":161773,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161775,161776],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161777,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161779,21538],{"class":64},[50,161781,1736],{"class":68},[50,161783,84],{"class":72},[50,161785,1736],{"class":68},[50,161787,89],{"class":64},[50,161789,296],{"class":101},[50,161791,89],{"class":64},[50,161793,3321],{"class":68},[50,161795,22043],{"class":72},[50,161797,1736],{"class":68},[50,161799,9259],{"class":64},[50,161801,9262],{"class":64},[50,161803,1736],{"class":68},[50,161805,35747],{"class":72},[50,161807,1736],{"class":68},[50,161809,89],{"class":64},[50,161811,13515],{"class":101},[50,161813,89],{"class":64},[50,161815,3321],{"class":68},[50,161817,30402],{"class":72},[50,161819,1736],{"class":68},[50,161821,9259],{"class":64},[50,161823,9262],{"class":64},[50,161825,1736],{"class":68},[50,161827,35756],{"class":72},[50,161829,1736],{"class":68},[50,161831,89],{"class":64},[50,161833,28721],{"class":101},[50,161835,89],{"class":64},[50,161837,3321],{"class":68},[50,161839,161733],{"class":72},[50,161841,1736],{"class":68},[50,161843,9275],{"class":64},[219,161845,161847],{"id":161846},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161849,161850],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[41,161852,161854],{"className":43,"code":161853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161855,161856,161888,161908,161912,161936],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161857,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161859,5018],{"class":56},[50,161861,61],{"class":60},[50,161863,3652],{"class":64},[50,161865,69],{"class":68},[50,161867,84],{"class":72},[50,161869,69],{"class":68},[50,161871,89],{"class":64},[50,161873,81],{"class":68},[50,161875,35747],{"class":72},[50,161877,69],{"class":68},[50,161879,89],{"class":64},[50,161881,81],{"class":68},[50,161883,35756],{"class":72},[50,161885,69],{"class":68},[50,161887,788],{"class":64},[50,161889,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161891,1128],{"class":56},[50,161893,61],{"class":60},[50,161895,3652],{"class":64},[50,161897,13510],{"class":101},[50,161899,89],{"class":64},[50,161901,13515],{"class":101},[50,161903,89],{"class":64},[50,161905,28721],{"class":101},[50,161907,788],{"class":64},[50,161909,161910],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161911,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161913,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,161915,5982],{"class":1622},[50,161917,35798],{"class":56},[50,161919,89],{"class":64},[50,161921,5128],{"class":56},[50,161923,1562],{"class":1622},[50,161925,161394],{"class":118},[50,161927,122],{"class":64},[50,161929,5062],{"class":125},[50,161931,89],{"class":64},[50,161933,1174],{"class":125},[50,161935,8368],{"class":64},[50,161937,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,161939,8094],{"class":118},[50,161941,122],{"class":64},[50,161943,22092],{"class":2085},[50,161945,69],{"class":72},[50,161947,9304],{"class":101},[50,161949,73],{"class":125},[50,161951,22101],{"class":101},[50,161953,161954],{"class":72}," scored ",[50,161956,9304],{"class":101},[50,161958,85339],{"class":125},[50,161960,22101],{"class":101},[50,161962,69],{"class":72},[50,161964,414],{"class":64},[20,161966,2091],{},[41,161968,161970],{"className":43,"code":161969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161971,161972,161979,161986],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161973,161974,161977],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161975,161976],{"class":56},"Ana scored ",[50,161978,32939],{"class":101},[50,161980,161981,161984],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161982,161983],{"class":56},"Ben scored ",[50,161985,32944],{"class":101},[50,161987,161988,161991],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161989,161990],{"class":56},"Cara scored ",[50,161992,32949],{"class":101},[20,161994,44743],{},[233,161996,161997,162006,162009],{},[236,161998,161999,162002,162003],{},[15,162000,162001],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162004,162005],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[236,162007,162008],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[236,162010,162011,1846,162013,162015],{},[15,162012,73],{},[15,162014,85339],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162017,162018,162019,129],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[380,162020,69432],{"href":69431},[219,162022,162024],{"id":162023},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162026,162027,162029],{},[15,162028,64138],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162031,162032],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[41,162034,162036],{"className":43,"code":162035,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162037,162038,162079,162095,162099,162123],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162039,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162075,162077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162041,5018],{"class":56},[50,162043,61],{"class":60},[50,162045,3652],{"class":64},[50,162047,69],{"class":68},[50,162049,84],{"class":72},[50,162051,69],{"class":68},[50,162053,89],{"class":64},[50,162055,81],{"class":68},[50,162057,35747],{"class":72},[50,162059,69],{"class":68},[50,162061,89],{"class":64},[50,162063,81],{"class":68},[50,162065,35756],{"class":72},[50,162067,69],{"class":68},[50,162069,89],{"class":64},[50,162071,81],{"class":68},[50,162073,162074],{"class":72},"Dan",[50,162076,69],{"class":68},[50,162078,788],{"class":64},[50,162080,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162082,1128],{"class":56},[50,162084,61],{"class":60},[50,162086,3652],{"class":64},[50,162088,13510],{"class":101},[50,162090,89],{"class":64},[50,162092,13515],{"class":101},[50,162094,788],{"class":64},[50,162096,162097],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162098,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162100,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,162102,5982],{"class":1622},[50,162104,35798],{"class":56},[50,162106,89],{"class":64},[50,162108,5128],{"class":56},[50,162110,1562],{"class":1622},[50,162112,161394],{"class":118},[50,162114,122],{"class":64},[50,162116,5062],{"class":125},[50,162118,89],{"class":64},[50,162120,1174],{"class":125},[50,162122,8368],{"class":64},[50,162124,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,162126,8094],{"class":118},[50,162128,122],{"class":64},[50,162130,73],{"class":125},[50,162132,89],{"class":64},[50,162134,130682],{"class":125},[50,162136,414],{"class":64},[20,162138,2091],{},[41,162140,162142],{"className":43,"code":162141,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162143,162144,162150],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162145,162146,162148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162147,133701],{"class":56},[50,162149,32939],{"class":101},[50,162151,162152,162154],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162153,161436],{"class":56},[50,162155,32944],{"class":101},[20,162157,2307,162158,1846,162161,162164],{},[15,162159,162160],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162162,162163],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162166,162167],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[41,162169,162171],{"className":43,"code":162170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162172,162173,162213,162229,162233],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162174,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162176,5018],{"class":56},[50,162178,61],{"class":60},[50,162180,3652],{"class":64},[50,162182,69],{"class":68},[50,162184,84],{"class":72},[50,162186,69],{"class":68},[50,162188,89],{"class":64},[50,162190,81],{"class":68},[50,162192,35747],{"class":72},[50,162194,69],{"class":68},[50,162196,89],{"class":64},[50,162198,81],{"class":68},[50,162200,35756],{"class":72},[50,162202,69],{"class":68},[50,162204,89],{"class":64},[50,162206,81],{"class":68},[50,162208,162074],{"class":72},[50,162210,69],{"class":68},[50,162212,788],{"class":64},[50,162214,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162216,1128],{"class":56},[50,162218,61],{"class":60},[50,162220,3652],{"class":64},[50,162222,13510],{"class":101},[50,162224,89],{"class":64},[50,162226,13515],{"class":101},[50,162228,788],{"class":64},[50,162230,162231],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162232,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162234,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,162236,119],{"class":118},[50,162238,122],{"class":64},[50,162240,11181],{"class":118},[50,162242,122],{"class":64},[50,162244,5062],{"class":125},[50,162246,9259],{"class":64},[50,162248,38195],{"class":118},[50,162250,122],{"class":64},[50,162252,16390],{"class":125},[50,162254,1770],{"class":64},[20,162256,2091],{},[41,162258,162260],{"className":43,"code":162259,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4 2\n",[15,162261,162262],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162263,162264,162266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162265,2527],{"class":101},[50,162267,45402],{"class":101},[20,162269,162270,162271,129],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162272,64138],{},[219,162274,91930,162276,162278],{"id":162275},"converting-zip-output",[15,162277,64138],{}," output",[20,162280,28862,162281,162283],{},[15,162282,64138],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[811,162285,212,162287],{"id":162286},"use-listzip",[15,162288,162289],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162291,162292],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[41,162294,162296],{"className":43,"code":162295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162297,162298,162330,162350,162354,162376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162299,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162301,5018],{"class":56},[50,162303,61],{"class":60},[50,162305,3652],{"class":64},[50,162307,69],{"class":68},[50,162309,84],{"class":72},[50,162311,69],{"class":68},[50,162313,89],{"class":64},[50,162315,81],{"class":68},[50,162317,35747],{"class":72},[50,162319,69],{"class":68},[50,162321,89],{"class":64},[50,162323,81],{"class":68},[50,162325,35756],{"class":72},[50,162327,69],{"class":68},[50,162329,788],{"class":64},[50,162331,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162333,1128],{"class":56},[50,162335,61],{"class":60},[50,162337,3652],{"class":64},[50,162339,13510],{"class":101},[50,162341,89],{"class":64},[50,162343,13515],{"class":101},[50,162345,89],{"class":64},[50,162347,28721],{"class":101},[50,162349,788],{"class":64},[50,162351,162352],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162353,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162355,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,162357,9241],{"class":56},[50,162359,61],{"class":60},[50,162361,22358],{"class":1779},[50,162363,122],{"class":64},[50,162365,64208],{"class":118},[50,162367,122],{"class":64},[50,162369,5062],{"class":125},[50,162371,89],{"class":64},[50,162373,1174],{"class":125},[50,162375,1770],{"class":64},[50,162377,162378,162380,162382,162384],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,162379,119],{"class":118},[50,162381,122],{"class":64},[50,162383,9288],{"class":125},[50,162385,414],{"class":64},[20,162387,2091],{},[41,162389,162391],{"className":43,"code":162390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162392,162393],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162394,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162396,21538],{"class":64},[50,162398,1736],{"class":68},[50,162400,84],{"class":72},[50,162402,1736],{"class":68},[50,162404,89],{"class":64},[50,162406,296],{"class":101},[50,162408,9259],{"class":64},[50,162410,9262],{"class":64},[50,162412,1736],{"class":68},[50,162414,35747],{"class":72},[50,162416,1736],{"class":68},[50,162418,89],{"class":64},[50,162420,13515],{"class":101},[50,162422,9259],{"class":64},[50,162424,9262],{"class":64},[50,162426,1736],{"class":68},[50,162428,35756],{"class":72},[50,162430,1736],{"class":68},[50,162432,89],{"class":64},[50,162434,28721],{"class":101},[50,162436,9275],{"class":64},[811,162438,212,162440],{"id":162439},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162441,162442],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162444,162445],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[41,162447,162449],{"className":43,"code":162448,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162450,162451,162483,162511,162515,162537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162452,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162454,17235],{"class":56},[50,162456,61],{"class":60},[50,162458,3652],{"class":64},[50,162460,69],{"class":68},[50,162462,73],{"class":72},[50,162464,69],{"class":68},[50,162466,89],{"class":64},[50,162468,81],{"class":68},[50,162470,94],{"class":72},[50,162472,69],{"class":68},[50,162474,89],{"class":64},[50,162476,81],{"class":68},[50,162478,167],{"class":72},[50,162480,69],{"class":68},[50,162482,788],{"class":64},[50,162484,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162486,3848],{"class":56},[50,162488,61],{"class":60},[50,162490,3652],{"class":64},[50,162492,69],{"class":68},[50,162494,84],{"class":72},[50,162496,69],{"class":68},[50,162498,89],{"class":64},[50,162500,102],{"class":101},[50,162502,89],{"class":64},[50,162504,81],{"class":68},[50,162506,16032],{"class":72},[50,162508,69],{"class":68},[50,162510,788],{"class":64},[50,162512,162513],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162514,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,162518,57],{"class":56},[50,162520,61],{"class":60},[50,162522,9197],{"class":1779},[50,162524,122],{"class":64},[50,162526,64208],{"class":118},[50,162528,122],{"class":64},[50,162530,1724],{"class":125},[50,162532,89],{"class":64},[50,162534,3908],{"class":125},[50,162536,1770],{"class":64},[50,162538,162539,162541,162543,162545],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,162540,119],{"class":118},[50,162542,122],{"class":64},[50,162544,126],{"class":125},[50,162546,414],{"class":64},[20,162548,2091],{},[41,162550,162552],{"className":43,"code":162551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162553,162554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162555,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162557,9304],{"class":64},[50,162559,1736],{"class":68},[50,162561,73],{"class":72},[50,162563,1736],{"class":68},[50,162565,78],{"class":64},[50,162567,3321],{"class":68},[50,162569,84],{"class":72},[50,162571,1736],{"class":68},[50,162573,89],{"class":64},[50,162575,3321],{"class":68},[50,162577,94],{"class":72},[50,162579,1736],{"class":68},[50,162581,78],{"class":64},[50,162583,102],{"class":101},[50,162585,89],{"class":64},[50,162587,3321],{"class":68},[50,162589,167],{"class":72},[50,162591,1736],{"class":68},[50,162593,78],{"class":64},[50,162595,3321],{"class":68},[50,162597,16032],{"class":72},[50,162599,1736],{"class":68},[50,162601,105],{"class":64},[20,162603,162604,162605,129],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[380,162606,30889],{"href":30888},[811,162608,162610],{"id":162609},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162612,162613],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[41,162615,162617],{"className":43,"code":162616,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162618,162619,162643,162659,162663,162681,162685,162699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162620,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162622,5018],{"class":56},[50,162624,61],{"class":60},[50,162626,3652],{"class":64},[50,162628,69],{"class":68},[50,162630,84],{"class":72},[50,162632,69],{"class":68},[50,162634,89],{"class":64},[50,162636,81],{"class":68},[50,162638,35747],{"class":72},[50,162640,69],{"class":68},[50,162642,788],{"class":64},[50,162644,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162646,1128],{"class":56},[50,162648,61],{"class":60},[50,162650,3652],{"class":64},[50,162652,13510],{"class":101},[50,162654,89],{"class":64},[50,162656,13515],{"class":101},[50,162658,788],{"class":64},[50,162660,162661],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162662,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162664,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,162666,9241],{"class":56},[50,162668,61],{"class":60},[50,162670,161394],{"class":118},[50,162672,122],{"class":64},[50,162674,5062],{"class":125},[50,162676,89],{"class":64},[50,162678,1174],{"class":125},[50,162680,414],{"class":64},[50,162682,162683],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,162684,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162686,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,162688,119],{"class":118},[50,162690,122],{"class":64},[50,162692,8119],{"class":1779},[50,162694,122],{"class":64},[50,162696,9288],{"class":125},[50,162698,1770],{"class":64},[50,162700,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,162702,119],{"class":118},[50,162704,122],{"class":64},[50,162706,8119],{"class":1779},[50,162708,122],{"class":64},[50,162710,9288],{"class":125},[50,162712,1770],{"class":64},[20,162714,2091],{},[41,162716,162718],{"className":43,"code":162717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162719,162720,162750],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162721,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162723,21538],{"class":64},[50,162725,1736],{"class":68},[50,162727,84],{"class":72},[50,162729,1736],{"class":68},[50,162731,89],{"class":64},[50,162733,296],{"class":101},[50,162735,9259],{"class":64},[50,162737,9262],{"class":64},[50,162739,1736],{"class":68},[50,162741,35747],{"class":72},[50,162743,1736],{"class":68},[50,162745,89],{"class":64},[50,162747,13515],{"class":101},[50,162749,9275],{"class":64},[50,162751,162752],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162753,38106],{"class":64},[20,162755,162756],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162758,162759,162760,129],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[380,162761,5158],{"href":5610},[219,162763,40856],{"id":40855},[20,162765,162766,162767,129],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162768,64138],{},[811,162770,162772],{"id":162771},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[41,162774,162776],{"className":43,"code":162775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162777,162778,162810,162830,162834,162858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162779,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162781,5018],{"class":56},[50,162783,61],{"class":60},[50,162785,3652],{"class":64},[50,162787,69],{"class":68},[50,162789,84],{"class":72},[50,162791,69],{"class":68},[50,162793,89],{"class":64},[50,162795,81],{"class":68},[50,162797,35747],{"class":72},[50,162799,69],{"class":68},[50,162801,89],{"class":64},[50,162803,81],{"class":68},[50,162805,35756],{"class":72},[50,162807,69],{"class":68},[50,162809,788],{"class":64},[50,162811,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162813,1128],{"class":56},[50,162815,61],{"class":60},[50,162817,3652],{"class":64},[50,162819,13510],{"class":101},[50,162821,89],{"class":64},[50,162823,13515],{"class":101},[50,162825,89],{"class":64},[50,162827,28721],{"class":101},[50,162829,788],{"class":64},[50,162831,162832],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162833,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162835,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,162837,5982],{"class":1622},[50,162839,35798],{"class":56},[50,162841,89],{"class":64},[50,162843,5128],{"class":56},[50,162845,1562],{"class":1622},[50,162847,161394],{"class":118},[50,162849,122],{"class":64},[50,162851,5062],{"class":125},[50,162853,89],{"class":64},[50,162855,1174],{"class":125},[50,162857,8368],{"class":64},[50,162859,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,162861,8094],{"class":118},[50,162863,122],{"class":64},[50,162865,22092],{"class":2085},[50,162867,69],{"class":72},[50,162869,9304],{"class":101},[50,162871,73],{"class":125},[50,162873,22101],{"class":101},[50,162875,22104],{"class":72},[50,162877,9304],{"class":101},[50,162879,85339],{"class":125},[50,162881,22101],{"class":101},[50,162883,69],{"class":72},[50,162885,414],{"class":64},[811,162887,162889],{"id":162888},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[41,162891,162893],{"className":43,"code":162892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162894,162895,162927,162951,162955,162977],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162896,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162898,17235],{"class":56},[50,162900,61],{"class":60},[50,162902,3652],{"class":64},[50,162904,69],{"class":68},[50,162906,12661],{"class":72},[50,162908,69],{"class":68},[50,162910,89],{"class":64},[50,162912,81],{"class":68},[50,162914,73],{"class":72},[50,162916,69],{"class":68},[50,162918,89],{"class":64},[50,162920,81],{"class":68},[50,162922,15822],{"class":72},[50,162924,69],{"class":68},[50,162926,788],{"class":64},[50,162928,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162930,3848],{"class":56},[50,162932,61],{"class":60},[50,162934,3652],{"class":64},[50,162936,46405],{"class":101},[50,162938,89],{"class":64},[50,162940,81],{"class":68},[50,162942,84],{"class":72},[50,162944,69],{"class":68},[50,162946,89],{"class":64},[50,162948,3938],{"class":1494},[50,162950,788],{"class":64},[50,162952,162953],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162954,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162956,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,162958,829],{"class":56},[50,162960,61],{"class":60},[50,162962,9197],{"class":1779},[50,162964,122],{"class":64},[50,162966,64208],{"class":118},[50,162968,122],{"class":64},[50,162970,1724],{"class":125},[50,162972,89],{"class":64},[50,162974,3908],{"class":125},[50,162976,1770],{"class":64},[50,162978,162979,162981,162983,162985],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,162980,119],{"class":118},[50,162982,122],{"class":64},[50,162984,776],{"class":125},[50,162986,414],{"class":64},[811,162988,162990],{"id":162989},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[41,162992,162994],{"className":43,"code":162993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162995,162996,163016,163036,163040,163065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162997,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162999,80477],{"class":56},[50,163001,61],{"class":60},[50,163003,3652],{"class":64},[50,163005,2352],{"class":101},[50,163007,89],{"class":64},[50,163009,7816],{"class":101},[50,163011,89],{"class":64},[50,163013,7821],{"class":101},[50,163015,788],{"class":64},[50,163017,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163019,80498],{"class":56},[50,163021,61],{"class":60},[50,163023,3652],{"class":64},[50,163025,2352],{"class":101},[50,163027,89],{"class":64},[50,163029,102],{"class":101},[50,163031,89],{"class":64},[50,163033,7821],{"class":101},[50,163035,788],{"class":64},[50,163037,163038],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163039,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163041,163042,163044,163046,163048,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,163043,5982],{"class":1622},[50,163045,56704],{"class":56},[50,163047,89],{"class":64},[50,163049,163050],{"class":56}," b ",[50,163052,1562],{"class":1622},[50,163054,161394],{"class":118},[50,163056,122],{"class":64},[50,163058,111569],{"class":125},[50,163060,89],{"class":64},[50,163062,80541],{"class":125},[50,163064,8368],{"class":64},[50,163066,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,163068,8094],{"class":118},[50,163070,122],{"class":64},[50,163072,2577],{"class":125},[50,163074,4712],{"class":60},[50,163076,2582],{"class":125},[50,163078,414],{"class":64},[20,163080,2091],{},[41,163082,163084],{"className":43,"code":163083,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163085,163086,163090,163094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163087,163088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163089,4002],{"class":1494},[50,163091,163092],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163093,4063],{"class":1494},[50,163095,163096],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163097,4002],{"class":1494},[811,163099,163101],{"id":163100},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[41,163103,163105],{"className":43,"code":163104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163106,163107,163142,163165,163169,163196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163108,163109,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163129,163131,163133,163135,163138,163140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163110,163111],{"class":56},"products ",[50,163113,61],{"class":60},[50,163115,3652],{"class":64},[50,163117,69],{"class":68},[50,163119,24940],{"class":72},[50,163121,69],{"class":68},[50,163123,89],{"class":64},[50,163125,81],{"class":68},[50,163127,163128],{"class":72},"Pen",[50,163130,69],{"class":68},[50,163132,89],{"class":64},[50,163134,81],{"class":68},[50,163136,163137],{"class":72},"Bag",[50,163139,69],{"class":68},[50,163141,788],{"class":64},[50,163143,163144,163146,163148,163150,163153,163155,163158,163160,163163],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163145,82867],{"class":56},[50,163147,61],{"class":60},[50,163149,3652],{"class":64},[50,163151,163152],{"class":101},"12.5",[50,163154,89],{"class":64},[50,163156,163157],{"class":101}," 1.2",[50,163159,89],{"class":64},[50,163161,163162],{"class":101}," 25.0",[50,163164,788],{"class":64},[50,163166,163167],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163168,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163170,163171,163173,163175,163177,163180,163182,163184,163186,163189,163191,163194],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,163172,5982],{"class":1622},[50,163174,25001],{"class":56},[50,163176,89],{"class":64},[50,163178,163179],{"class":56}," price ",[50,163181,1562],{"class":1622},[50,163183,161394],{"class":118},[50,163185,122],{"class":64},[50,163187,163188],{"class":125},"products",[50,163190,89],{"class":64},[50,163192,163193],{"class":125}," prices",[50,163195,8368],{"class":64},[50,163197,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,163199,8094],{"class":118},[50,163201,122],{"class":64},[50,163203,22092],{"class":2085},[50,163205,69],{"class":72},[50,163207,9304],{"class":101},[50,163209,26809],{"class":125},[50,163211,22101],{"class":101},[50,163213,163214],{"class":72}," costs $",[50,163216,9304],{"class":101},[50,163218,24949],{"class":125},[50,163220,22101],{"class":101},[50,163222,69],{"class":72},[50,163224,414],{"class":64},[20,163226,36409,163227,129],{},[380,163228,163230],{"href":163229},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[219,163232,163234,163235],{"id":163233},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163236,64138],{},[811,163238,8480,163240,163242],{"id":163239},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163241,64138],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163244,163245,163247],{},[15,163246,64138],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163249,163250],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[41,163252,163254],{"className":43,"code":163253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163255,163256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163257,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163259,119],{"class":118},[50,163261,122],{"class":64},[50,163263,11181],{"class":118},[50,163265,122],{"class":64},[50,163267,111569],{"class":125},[50,163269,9259],{"class":64},[50,163271,38195],{"class":118},[50,163273,122],{"class":64},[50,163275,80764],{"class":125},[50,163277,1770],{"class":64},[811,163279,163281],{"id":163280},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163283,68655],{},[41,163285,163287],{"className":43,"code":163286,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163288,163289,163325,163329,163342,163352,163356,163368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163290,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163292,9241],{"class":56},[50,163294,61],{"class":60},[50,163296,161394],{"class":118},[50,163298,3008],{"class":64},[50,163300,3011],{"class":101},[50,163302,89],{"class":64},[50,163304,3016],{"class":101},[50,163306,18055],{"class":64},[50,163308,3652],{"class":64},[50,163310,69],{"class":68},[50,163312,380],{"class":72},[50,163314,69],{"class":68},[50,163316,89],{"class":64},[50,163318,81],{"class":68},[50,163320,4784],{"class":72},[50,163322,69],{"class":68},[50,163324,3911],{"class":64},[50,163326,163327],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163328,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163330,163331,163333,163335,163337,163340],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163332,5982],{"class":1622},[50,163334,5985],{"class":56},[50,163336,1562],{"class":1622},[50,163338,163339],{"class":56}," pairs",[50,163341,6417],{"class":64},[50,163343,163344,163346,163348,163350],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,163345,8094],{"class":118},[50,163347,122],{"class":64},[50,163349,23109],{"class":125},[50,163351,414],{"class":64},[50,163353,163354],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,163355,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163357,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366],{"class":52,"line":3429},[50,163359,5982],{"class":1622},[50,163361,5985],{"class":56},[50,163363,1562],{"class":1622},[50,163365,163339],{"class":56},[50,163367,6417],{"class":64},[50,163369,163370,163372,163374,163376],{"class":52,"line":6439},[50,163371,8094],{"class":118},[50,163373,122],{"class":64},[50,163375,23109],{"class":125},[50,163377,414],{"class":64},[20,163379,163380],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[811,163382,163384],{"id":163383},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163386,163387],{},"This is correct:",[41,163389,163391],{"className":43,"code":163390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163392,163393,163417,163433,163437,163461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163394,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163396,5018],{"class":56},[50,163398,61],{"class":60},[50,163400,3652],{"class":64},[50,163402,69],{"class":68},[50,163404,84],{"class":72},[50,163406,69],{"class":68},[50,163408,89],{"class":64},[50,163410,81],{"class":68},[50,163412,35747],{"class":72},[50,163414,69],{"class":68},[50,163416,788],{"class":64},[50,163418,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163420,1128],{"class":56},[50,163422,61],{"class":60},[50,163424,3652],{"class":64},[50,163426,13510],{"class":101},[50,163428,89],{"class":64},[50,163430,13515],{"class":101},[50,163432,788],{"class":64},[50,163434,163435],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163436,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163438,163439,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457,163459],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,163440,5982],{"class":1622},[50,163442,35798],{"class":56},[50,163444,89],{"class":64},[50,163446,5128],{"class":56},[50,163448,1562],{"class":1622},[50,163450,161394],{"class":118},[50,163452,122],{"class":64},[50,163454,5062],{"class":125},[50,163456,89],{"class":64},[50,163458,1174],{"class":125},[50,163460,8368],{"class":64},[50,163462,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,163464,8094],{"class":118},[50,163466,122],{"class":64},[50,163468,73],{"class":125},[50,163470,89],{"class":64},[50,163472,130682],{"class":125},[50,163474,414],{"class":64},[20,163476,163477],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[41,163479,163481],{"className":43,"code":163480,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163482,163483,163503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163484,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163486,5982],{"class":1622},[50,163488,5985],{"class":56},[50,163490,1562],{"class":1622},[50,163492,161394],{"class":118},[50,163494,122],{"class":64},[50,163496,5062],{"class":125},[50,163498,89],{"class":64},[50,163500,1174],{"class":125},[50,163502,8368],{"class":64},[50,163504,163505,163507,163509,163511],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163506,8094],{"class":118},[50,163508,122],{"class":64},[50,163510,23109],{"class":125},[50,163512,414],{"class":64},[20,163514,2091],{},[41,163516,163518],{"className":43,"code":163517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163519,163520,163536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163521,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163523,122],{"class":64},[50,163525,1736],{"class":68},[50,163527,84],{"class":72},[50,163529,1736],{"class":68},[50,163531,89],{"class":64},[50,163533,296],{"class":101},[50,163535,414],{"class":64},[50,163537,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163539,122],{"class":64},[50,163541,1736],{"class":68},[50,163543,35747],{"class":72},[50,163545,1736],{"class":68},[50,163547,89],{"class":64},[50,163549,13515],{"class":101},[50,163551,414],{"class":64},[20,163553,163554],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[811,163556,8444,163558,163560,163561],{"id":163557},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163559,64138],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163562,35555],{},[20,163564,212,163565,163567],{},[15,163566,64138],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163569,212,163570,163572],{},[15,163571,35555],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[41,163574,163575],{"className":43,"code":35724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,163576,163577,163609,163613,163633],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163578,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603,163605,163607],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163580,5018],{"class":56},[50,163582,61],{"class":60},[50,163584,3652],{"class":64},[50,163586,69],{"class":68},[50,163588,84],{"class":72},[50,163590,69],{"class":68},[50,163592,89],{"class":64},[50,163594,81],{"class":68},[50,163596,35747],{"class":72},[50,163598,69],{"class":68},[50,163600,89],{"class":64},[50,163602,81],{"class":68},[50,163604,35756],{"class":72},[50,163606,69],{"class":68},[50,163608,788],{"class":64},[50,163610,163611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163612,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163614,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163616,5982],{"class":1622},[50,163618,35627],{"class":56},[50,163620,89],{"class":64},[50,163622,35775],{"class":56},[50,163624,1562],{"class":1622},[50,163626,35637],{"class":118},[50,163628,122],{"class":64},[50,163630,5062],{"class":125},[50,163632,8368],{"class":64},[50,163634,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,163636,8094],{"class":118},[50,163638,122],{"class":64},[50,163640,35652],{"class":125},[50,163642,89],{"class":64},[50,163644,35798],{"class":125},[50,163646,414],{"class":64},[20,163648,163649,163650,129],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[380,163651,3603,163652,3536],{"href":91842},[15,163653,35555],{},[219,163655,1857],{"id":1856},[811,163657,5164,163659,5167],{"id":163658},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163660,64138],{},[20,163662,163663],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[811,163665,1861,163667,163669],{"id":163666},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163668,64138],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163671,163672],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[811,163674,163676,163677,1867],{"id":163675},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163678,64138],{},[20,163680,163681,163682,129],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163683,162289],{},[811,163685,163687,163688,1867],{"id":163686},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163689,64138],{},[20,163691,128047,163692,163694],{},[15,163693,162442],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[811,163696,163698],{"id":163697},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163700,163701],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[219,163703,1909],{"id":1908},[233,163705,163706,163711,163717,163721,163725],{},[236,163707,163708],{},[380,163709,163710],{"href":163229},"How to use zip in Python",[236,163712,163713],{},[380,163714,3603,163715,3536],{"href":91842},[15,163716,35555],{},[236,163718,163719],{},[380,163720,5239],{"href":5610},[236,163722,163723],{},[380,163724,69508],{"href":69431},[236,163726,163727],{},[380,163728,32063],{"href":30888},[1944,163730,163731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":108,"depth":108,"links":163733},[163734,163735,163737,163738,163739,163740,163748,163754,163763,163774],{"id":2021,"depth":108,"text":2022},{"id":161453,"depth":108,"text":163736},"What zip() does",{"id":386,"depth":108,"text":387},{"id":161846,"depth":108,"text":161847},{"id":162023,"depth":108,"text":162024},{"id":162275,"depth":108,"text":163741,"children":163742},"Converting zip() output",[163743,163745,163747],{"id":162286,"depth":115,"text":163744},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162439,"depth":115,"text":163746},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162609,"depth":115,"text":162610},{"id":40855,"depth":108,"text":40856,"children":163749},[163750,163751,163752,163753],{"id":162771,"depth":115,"text":162772},{"id":162888,"depth":115,"text":162889},{"id":162989,"depth":115,"text":162990},{"id":163100,"depth":115,"text":163101},{"id":163233,"depth":108,"text":163755,"children":163756},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163757,163759,163760,163761],{"id":163239,"depth":115,"text":163758},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163280,"depth":115,"text":163281},{"id":163383,"depth":115,"text":163384},{"id":163557,"depth":115,"text":163762},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":163764},[163765,163767,163769,163771,163773],{"id":163658,"depth":115,"text":163766},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163666,"depth":115,"text":163768},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163675,"depth":115,"text":163770},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163686,"depth":115,"text":163772},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163697,"depth":115,"text":163698},{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161295,"description":163775},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944927663]